B GIO DC V O TO TRNG I HC NNG LM THNH PH H CH MINH

KHA LUN TT NGHIP

THANH LC TNH CHNG CHU MN CA MT S GING LA CAO SN NGN NGY TI VIN LA NG BNG SNG CU LONG

H v tn sinh vin: DNG KIM LIN Ngnh: NNG HC Nin kho: 2007 2011

Thng 8/2011

i

THANH LC TNH CHNG CHU MN CA MT S GING LA CAO SN NGN NGY TI VIN LA NG BNG SNG CU LONG

Tc gi

DNG KIM LIN

Kha lun c trnh p ng yu cu cp bng K s Ngnh NNG HC

Ging vin hng dn: TS. HONG KIM TS. PHM TRUNG NGHA

Thng 8 nm 2011

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LI CM NQua bn thng hc tp, lm vic v nghin cu ti Vin la ng bng Sng Cu Long, ti n lc hc tp v lm vic nghim tc hon thnh kha lun tt nghip mt cch thnh cng. Ti xin gi li cm n chn thnh n: Ban Gim hiu Trng i Hc Nng Lm Thnh Ph H Ch Minh Ban Ch nhim Khoa Nng Hc B mn Cy Lng thc Rau Hoa Qu B mn Cng ngh sinh hc, Vin la ng bng Sng Cu Long Ti xin gi li cm n n qu thy c trong Khoa Nng Hc tn tnh ch dy nhng kin thc trong sut thi gian theo hc ti trng c bit xin cm n thy Hong Kim, thy Phm Trung Ngha tn tnh ch dy v hng dn trong sut thi gian thc hin kha lun Cm n gia nh, ngi thn, bn b gip v ng h trong sut thi gian hc tp v thc hin kha lun. Xin chn thnh cm

Th c, thng 8 nm 2011 Sinh vin

Dng Kim Lin

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TM TTDng Kim Lin, 2011. Thanh lc tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy ti Vin la ng bng sng Cu Long. Ging vin hng dn: TS. Hong Kim v TS. Phm Trung Ngha. ti c thc hin t thng 01 nm 2011 n thng 04 nm 2011, ti Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long, Mn - Cn Th. Nhm xc nh tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy tuyn chn ging la thun chng chu mn cho canh tc cc vng nhim mn ng bng sng Cu Long. Ni dung ti: 1) Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997): B tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, hai ln lp li trn cc khay nha c dng hnh ch nht, kch thc khong 14 x 30 x 35 cm. Vi ba mc mn thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl. 2) Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t: B tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, hai ln lp li trong khay thic c kch thc l 15 x 50 x 100 cm vi ba mc mn thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl. 3) Th nghim 2: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m (t 30 ngy sau khi gieo n chn). B tr th nghim theo kiu hon ton ngu nhin, ba ln lp li trong cc b kch thc 2,5 x 2,5m vi ba mc mn thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl. Kt qu t c: 1) Tt c cc ging la u c kh nng chu mn nng t 4 - 6. Ring IR 29 l ging chun nhim nn b cht hon ton vo giai on sau 23 ngy tin hnh thanh lc. 2) Kh nng chu mn v t l sng st ca cc ging la t l thun vi nhau. Ging c t l sng st cng cao chng t ging cng thch nghi vi iu kin sng. 3) Chiu cao cy v kh nng chu mn t l nghch vi nhau. Nng mui cng cao th chiu cao cy cng gim. 4) Qua kt qu thu c t nng sut ca cc ging la th nghim chn ra c 4 ging la trin vng l OM 6976, A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 c cc c tnh nng hc v hnh thi tt, nng sut vt tri v c kh nng chu mn cao nht so vi cc ging cn li trong th nghim.

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MC LCTrang ta ............................................................................................................................ i Li cm n......................................................................................................................... ii Tm tt..............................................................................................................................iii Mc lc ............................................................................................................................. iv Danh sch cc bng .......................................................................................................... vi Danh sch cc hnh v th........................................................................................... vii Danh sch cc ch vit tt ..............................................................................................viii Chng 1 M u............................................................................................................ 1 1.1. S cn thit nghin cu ............................................................................................. 1 1.2. Mc tiu ti ............................................................................................................ 2 1.3. Yu cu cn t .......................................................................................................... 2 1.4. Phm vi nghin cu .................................................................................................... 2 Chng 2 Tng quan....................................................................................................... 3 2.1. Lch s ca ngnh trng la ....................................................................................... 3 2.2. Tm quan trng ca la go i vi con ngi Vit Nam ......................................... 3 2.3. Gi tr kinh t ca la go........................................................................................... 5 2.3.1 Gi tr dinh dng .................................................................................................... 5 2.3.2 Gi tr s dng .......................................................................................................... 6 2.3.3 Gi tr thng mi .................................................................................................... 6 2.4 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii v Vit Nam................................................. 7 2.4.1 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii ................................................................... 7 2.4.2 Tnh hnh sn xut la go Vit Nam.................................................................... 8 2.5 S hnh thnh v c tnh ca t mn...................................................................... 12 2.6 Mn v cy trng ....................................................................................................... 13 2.6.1 Nhm cy trng chu mn ...................................................................................... 13 2.6.2 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy trng.......................................... 15 2.6.3 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy la ............................................. 16 2.7 Gii thiu chung v c im cc vng la nhim mn Vit Nam........................ 17 2.8 Thc trng vng la nhim mn vng BSCL...................................................... 18

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Chng 3 Vt liu v phng php nghin cu......................................................... 21 3.1. Vt liu nghin cu................................................................................................... 21 3.2. Phng php th nghim........................................................................................... 22 3.3. Phng php b tr th nghim ................................................................................. 24 3.3.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m trong phng ........................ 24 3.3.1.1. Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997).................... 24 3.3.1.2. Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t................................................................... 25 3.3.2. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn sau giai on m ..................................................... 26 3.4 Cc ch tiu v phng php theo di ....................................................................... 26 3.4.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m ............................................. 26 3.4.2. Th nghim: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m ...................................................... 27 3.5. Phng php x l .................................................................................................... 29 Chng 4 Kt qu v tho lun ................................................................................... 30 4.1. Th nghim thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m ................................................... 30 4.1.1Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997)......................... 30 4.1.2 Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t....................................................................... 34 4.2. Th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m............................................................ 37 4.2.1 Cc c trng v hnh thi...................................................................................... 38 4.2.2 T l sng st: (TLSS) .......................................................................................... 39 4.2.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ............................................................................ 42 4.2.4 ng thi nhnh................................................................................................. 46 4.2.5 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut ......................................................... 49 Chng 5 Kt lun v ngh...................................................................................... 53 5.1 Kt lun...................................................................................................................... 53 5.2 ngh ...................................................................................................................... 53 TI LIU THAM KHO ............................................................................................... 54 PH LC ........................................................................................................................ 55

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DANH SCH CC BNGBng 2.1 : Mt s mt hng xut khu nng sn ca Vit Nam 2000-2008 .................... 4 Bng 2.2 Cc quc gia xut khu go quan trng trn th gii ....................................... 5 Bng 2.3 Gi tr dinh dng ca la go .......................................................................... 6 Bng 2.4 Din tch, nng sut, v sn lng la trn th gii qua cc nm ..................... 8 Bng 2.5. Din tch, nng sut v sn lng la Vit Nam qua cc nm...................... 9 Bng 2.6. Th trng xut khu go ca Vit Nam nm 2010 ....................................... 10 Bng 2.7. Gi go xut khu ca Vit Nam so vi mt s nc ................................... 11 Bng 2.8. S lng v gi tr go xut khu ca Vit nam ............................................ 12 Bng 2.9 Phn loi mn ca t theo 2 ch tiu kt hp ............................................ 14 Bng 2.10 : nh hng ca mn n cy trng ............................................................. 14 Bng 2.11 : Kh nng chu mn ca cy trng giai on sinh trng......................... 15 Bng 2.12. Din tch b nhim mn BSCL .............................................................. 19 Bng 3.1: Danh sch 15 ging la th nghim................................................................ 21 Bng 3.2: c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim ........................................ 22 Bng 3.3: Tnh hnh thi tit, kh hu ni th nghim .................................................... 23 Bng 3.4. Tiu chun nh gi giai on tng trng v pht trin (IRRI, 1997) ...... 27 Bng 3.5 : Phn nhm chng chu mn .......................................................................... 27 Bng 4.1 Kt qu thanh lc mn 15 ging la ti Vin La BSCL............................. 31 Bng 4.2 ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy trong dung dch Yoshida ...................... 32 Bng 4.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao cy trong iu kin nh li ...................... 35 Bng 4.4 T l sng st (TLSS) ca cc ging la sau th nghim ................................ 36 Bng 4.5 c trng v hnh thi ca cc ging la th nghim i chng ................. 38 Bng 4.6 TLSS ca 15 ging nng 0 ................................................................. 40 Bng 4.7 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 4 ........................................................... 41 Bng 4.8 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 6 ........................................................... 42 Bng 4.9 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 0 ......................... 49 Bng 4.10 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 4 ....................... 51 Bng 4.11 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 6 ...................... 52

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DANH SCH CC HNH V THHnh 3.1 Ht ging c gieo trong khay ................................................................... 25 Hnh 3.2 Mui v my o nng mui .................................................................... 25 th 4.1 Thanh lc mn ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida ........................... 30 th 4.2 So snh s tng quan t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn nng 4 .................................................................................................................... 33 th 4.3 So snh s tng quan vi t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn nng 6 .................................................................................................................... 34 th 4.4 Thanh lc mn 15 ging la trong khay t .................................................. 37 th 4.5 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 0 ............... 43 th 4.6 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 4 ............... 44 th 4.7 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 6 ............... 45 th 4.8 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 0 .................................. 46 th 4.9 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 4 .................................. 47 th 4.10 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 6 ................................ 48

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DANH SCH CH VIT TTCV: BSCL: BSH: Coefficient of Variation (H s bin ng) ng bng sng Cu Long ng bng sng Hng (T chc Nng Lng Th gii) IRRI: NSC: NSG: TLSS: VN: International Rice Reasearch Institute (Vin Nghin cu La go quc t) Ngy sau cy Ngy sau gieo T l sng st Vit Nam

FAOSTAT: Food and Agriculture Organization of The United nations

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Chng 1 M U1.1 S cn thit nghin cu Cy la (Oryza sativa) l cy lng thc quan trng trn th gii, vi hn mt na dn s th gii ly la go lm ngun lng thc chnh, c bit l cc quc gia Chu , Chu Phi v M La tinh. Hin nay trn th gii c hn 110 quc gia sn xut v tiu th la go vi cc mc khc nhau. Nm 2008 sn lng la go th gii t 685 triu tn so vi 822 triu tn ng v 695 triu tn sn (khoai m). Nhng vn cn hn 1 t ngi trn th gii trn th gii b i (FAO, 2010). m bo an sinh x hi v an ninh lng thc ca mt quc gia th vic quan trng nht l m bo ba n ti thiu cho ngi dn ngho. La l loi cy lng thc c kh nng thch nghi rng t 300 Nam n 400 Bc, nhng rt d mn cm vi iu kin thi tit, d gy thit hi nghim trng c bit l nhng vng trng la ven bin, do s ln chim vo t lin ca nc bin. Theo Munns (2002), tnh trng t b nhim mn ang tr nn nghim trng c hai vng trng la khc nhau: Vng trng la nc ti v vng trng la nc tri. Nn nng nghip trng la nc ti cung cp 1/3 lng thc th gii, trong 20% din tch trng la nc ti b nhim mn. c tnh t nhim mn ln ti 1 t ha trn ton th gii. Ch ring Chu c khong 21,5 triu ha t b nhim mn. (Flower v Yeo, 1995). Vit Nam nm 2008 din tch la t 7,4 triu ha, sn lng 38,72 triu tn trong vng ng bng sng Cu Long (BSCL) c 2,9 triu ha t nng nghip vi 744.000 ha t nhim mn. Nhng nm gn y vn th ha v s bin i kh hu ton cu lm nh hng n din tch t nng nghip nc ta. c bit l hn hn v s xm nhim mn. Theo d on ca cc nh khoa hc quc t, nu mc nc bin dng cao khong 1m th vng BSCL s b ngp khong 12% v nh vy din tch la mt i khong 40%.

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V vy nghin cu tuyn chn nhng ging la chng chu mn tt l i hi cp bch trong thc tin sn xut nng nghip. chn lc nhng ging la chng chu mn tt, cn phi hiu c ch chng chu mn ca chng, t mi c th ci tin cu trc di truyn. Theo Akbar, 1975 nhim mn gy tn hi n cy la l do mt cn bng thm thu v tch ly qu nhiu ion Cl-. Theo Ponnamperuma, 1984 cho thy cy la chng chu mn trong sut giai on ny mm, tr nn rt nhim trong giai on m non, tip tc chng chu trong giai on sinh trng dinh dng, nhim trong giai on th phn, th tinh v chng chu mn trong giai on chn. Aslam v ctv.,1993 cho rng ti giai on tr, cy la t mn cm vi mn, trong khi Gregorio v Senadrina, 1993; Lee, 1995 nhn thy: Nghin cu di truyn s lng tnh chng chu mn, hot ng ca gen cng tnh v gen khng cng tnh u nh hng ngha trong di truyn tnh chng chu mn. c s phn cng ca Khoa Nng Hc cng vi s chp nhn ca Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long, di s hng dn ca thy TS. Hong Kim v TS. Phm Trung Ngha, ti tin hnh thc hin ti: Thanh lc tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy ti Vin la ng Bng Sng Cu Long. 1.2. Mc tiu ti Xc nh tnh chng chu mn ca mt s ging la cao sn ngn ngy tuyn chn ging la thun chng chu mn cho canh tc cc vng nhim mn ng Bng Sng Cu Long. 1.3. Yu cu cn t Xc nh mc chng chu mn, thnh phn nng sut v nng sut ca mt s ging la thun. nh gi kt qu t c v chn ra ging la chng chu mn. 1.4. Phm vi nghin cu i tng nghin cu gm 15 ging la thun chu mn, l cc ging la ma, la cao sn a phng v cc ging la ca Vin la Quc T (IRRI). Thi gian thc hin: T 01/2011 n 04/2011. a im kho nghim: ti Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long, Mn - Cn Th.

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Chng 2 TNG QUAN2.1. Lch s ca ngnh trng la Cy la (Oryza sativa) c ngun gc lch s lu i, tri di t pha Nam Trung Quc n ng Bc n (vo khong 8000 nm trc y). Cc ti liu lch s, di tch kho c u c ni v ngnh trng la. Theo cc ti liu ny, ngnh trng la xut hin cc nc ng Nam nh Trung Quc, nm 1742 c ti liu ni rng, ngh trng la c Trung Quc t 2800 trc cng nguyn. Vit Nam, t cc di ch ng u v trng ng ng Sn c in hnh ngi gi go, cng vi cc v tru chy thnh than chng t ngnh trng la c cch y t 3300 - 4100 nm (V Tng Xun, 1984). Thm vo inh Vn L (1978) cng cho rng khong 4000 - 3000 trc cng nguyn, ngi ta tm thy nhng di tch nh bn nghin ht la, ci v chy gi go. n ngh trng la c t 1000 nm trc cng nguyn. Nh vy c th ni rng ngh trng la bt u chu sau lan sang cc vng khc nh Ai Cp, Chu u, Chu phi, Chu M.... 2.2. Tm quan trng ca la go i vi con ngi Vit Nam La go l loi cy lng thc quan trng ca th gii v Vit Nam. La go l cy lng thc ng v tr hng u, do c nhiu gi tr dinh dng v cng dng quan trng thng qua vic ch bin thnh cm, bnh.... cung cp nng lng cho con ngi sng v hot ng. Cy la t ngn i nay gn b vi con ngi, lng qu Vit Nam. ng thi cng tr thnh tn gi cho mt nn vn minh - nn vn minh la nc. Cy la khng ch mang li s no m cn tr thnh mt nt p trong i sng vn ha v tinh thn ca ngi Vit Nam.

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Cy la l cy trng thuc nhm ng cc, la cng l cy lng thc chnh ca ngi dn Vit Nam ni ring v hn mt na dn s th gii ni chung. Cy la khng ch gi vai tr to ln trong i sng kinh t, x hi m cn c gi tr lch s, bi lch s pht trin ca cy la gn vi lch s pht trin ca c dn tc Vit Nam, in du n trong tng thi k thng trm ca t nc. Nu trc y cy la, ht go ch em li no cho con ngi, th ngy nay cy la c th lm giu cho ngi nng dn v cho c t nc iu th hin qua bng 2.1 Bng 2.1 : Mt s mt hng xut khu nng sn ca Vit Nam (nghn tn) 2000-2008 Loi nng sn Go C ph Ht iu H tiu Ch Lc nhn Tinh bt Sn lt 2000 3.476,70 733,9 34,2 36,4 55,7 76,1 59,7 2004 4.063,10 976,2 104,6 110,5 104,3 46,0 100,9 2005 5.254,80 912,7 109,0 109,9 91,7 54,7 129,6 800,7 2006 4.642,00 980,9 127,7 144,8 105,4 14,0 151,2 1.041,00 2007 4.580,00 154,7 83,0 115,7 37,0 194,1 2008 4.744,90 160,8 93,3 104,7 14,3 258,6

1.232,10 1060,9

1.371,00 2000,0

Ngun: Nin gim Thng k 2008 Tng cc Thng k; Hong Kim 2010 Nc ta l mt nc c nn kinh t nng nghip t hng ngn nm nay. T mt nc thiu lng thc trm trng trong nhng nm chin tranh, n nay nn nng nghip nc ta khng ch sn xut ra mt lng ln lng thc p ng nhu cu trong nc m cn xut khu sang nhiu th trng ln trn th gii. Trong ngnh trng la nc ta l mt trong nhng ngnh sn xut lng thc v cng quan trng v t c nhng thnh tu ng k, a VN tr thnh nc xut khu go ln th hai trn th gii (bng 2.2).

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Bng 2.2 Cc quc gia xut khu go quan trng trn th gii (triu tn) TT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 Tng Ngun: FAOSTAT, 2011 2.3. Gi tr kinh t ca la go 2.3.1 Gi tr dinh dng Go l thc n giu cht dinh dng cha nhiu ng bt v protein. Phn tch thnh phn dinh dng ca go c: 62,4% tinh bt, 7,9 % protein ( go np thng cao hn go t), lipit go xay l 2,2% nhng go xt ch cn 0,2%. Bt go c nhiu vitamin B1 (0,45 mg/100 ht), B2, B6 v PP (bng 2.3) Trong ht go, hm lng dinh dng tp trung cc lp ngoi v gim dn vo trung tm. Phn bn trong ni nh ch cha ch yu l cht ng bt. Cm hay lp v ngoi ca ht go chim khong 10% trng lng kh l thnh phn rt b dng ca la, cha nhiu protein, cht bo, khong cht v vitamin, c bit l cc vitamin nhm B. Tm gm c mm ht la b tch ra khi xay ch, cng l thnh phn rt b dng, cha nhiu protein, cht bo, ng, cht khong v vitamin. Cc nc Thi lan Vit Nam M n Pakistan Trung Quc Uruguay Ai Cp Argentina Brazil 2000 5,282 3,476 1,359 1,527 2,016 2,884 0,433 0,389 0,293 0,012 17,671 2005 6,043 5,250 2,281 3,824 2,981 0,558 0,533 1,017 0,194 0,032 22,713 2006 5,996 4,642 1,948 4,443 3,688 1,089 0,528 0,917 0,284 0,058 23,593 2007 7,048 4,558 1,693 6,143 3,129 1,158 0,551 1,123 0,274 0,056 25,733 2008 8,672 4,735 1,705 2,474 2,599 0,809 0,500 1,734 0,282 0,319 23,829

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Bng 2.3 Gi tr dinh dng ca la go (% cht kh so vi mt s cy ly ht khc) Loi ht La La m Ng La min K Tinh bt 62,4 63,8 69,2 71,7 59,0 Protein 7,9 16,8 10,6 12,7 11,3 Lipit 2,2 2,0 4,3 3,2 3,8 Xenluloza 9,9 2,0 2,0 1,5 8,9 Tro 5,7 1,8 1,4 1,6 3,6 Nc 11,9 13,6 12,5 9,9 13,0

Ngun: Nguyn Vn Tut, 2010 2.3.2 Gi tr s dng Go c dng ch bin thnh cm, bnh, lm mi trng nui cy nim khun, men, cm m, Ngoi ra go cn dng chng ct ru, cn, Cm, hay ng hn l cc lp v ngoi ca ht go, do cha nhiu protein, cht bo, cht khong, vitamin, nht l vitamin nhm B, nn c dng lm bt dinh dng tr em v iu tr cc bnh tim mch, huyt p, ph thng.Cm l thnh phn c bn, giu cht dinh dng trong thc n gia sc, gia cm. Tru ngoi cng dng lm cht t, cht n chung cn dng lm vn p, vt liu cch nhit, cch m, ch to carbon v silic. Rm r l thc n cho tru b, lm cht t, lp nh, lm giy, sn xut nm rm 2.3.3 Gi tr thng mi Trn th trng th gii, thng thng gi go xut khu cao hn la m t 2 - 3 ln v hn ng t 2 - 4 ln. Thi im khng hong lng thc trn th gii nhng nm 1970 lm gi c cc loi ng cc trn th trng th gii tng vt t ngt: gi go t 147 USD/tn (1972) tng ln 350 USD/tn (1973), la m t 69 USD/tn (1972) ln 137 USD/tn (1973) v ng t 56 (1972) ln 98 USD/tn (1973). Gi go t nh cao vo nm 1974 l 542 USD/tn, trong khi go thm c sn Basmati (go s 1 th gii) ln n 820 USD/tn. Sau , gi go gim dn v tng ln tr li trn 430 USD/tn trong nhng nm 1980 - 1981 ri gim xung v c khuynh hng n nh khong 200 250 USD/tn, tc vn gp i gi la m v gp ba ng. Nhn chung, t nm 1975 - 1995 gi go bin ng kh ln v mc cao.

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Gi go th gii trong nhng nm 90 bin ng kh ln, trong nm 1993 thp nht, sau tng dn v tng i n nh t nm 1997 - 1998. Gi go VN (5% tm) bn trn th trng th gii mc trung bnh t 220 - 290 USD/tn. T nm 2000 tr i, gi go th gii tng u v n nh mc 10% nm. Gi go xut khu ca VN thng 7/2011 vi go 5% tm l 470 USD/tn. (Hip hi Lng thc Vit Nam, 2011) 2.4 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii v Vit Nam 2.4.1 Tnh hnh sn xut la go trn th gii Din tch trng la trn th gii tng r rt t nm 1961 n nm 1980. Nng sut khng ngng c ci thin, t bit t sau cuc cch mng xanh ca th gii vo nhng nm 1965 - 1970, vi s ra i ca cc ging la thp cy, ngn ngy, m tiu biu l ging la IR5, IR8. Cc ging la ny c yu cu k thut cao hn, to iu kin cho cc nc pht trin tng nhanh sn lng la bng con ng tng nng sut nh c iu kin pht trin h thng thy li hon chnh v u t phn bn, k thut cao (bng 2.4). n nhng nm 1990 dn u nng sut la trn th gii l cc nc Triu Tin, c, M, Nht Bn, Ty Ban Nha (IRRI, 1990). Trong khi cc nc c din tch la ln, iu kin t nhin khc nghit, thiu iu kin u t, ci to mi trng canh tc v khng th u t vo nng nghip cao, nn nng sut la vn cn rt thp v tng chm. iu ny lm nng sut la bnh qun trn th gii cho n nay vn cn khong 4,0 4,3 tn/ha, ch bng phn na nng sut la cc nc pht trin (bng 2.4).

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Bng 2.4 Din tch, nng sut, v sn lng la trn th gii qua cc nm Nm 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2006 2007 2008 2009 Din tch (triu ha) 124,98 133,10 141,97 144,67 143,90 146,98 149,59 153,94 151,71 147,53 147,26 150,31 152,90 155,30 155,05 157,73 158,30 Nng sut (tn/ha) 2,03 2,38 2,51 2,74 3,25 3,53 3,66 3,89 3,94 3,85 3,98 4,06 4,12 4,12 4,23 4,36 4,32 Sn lng (triu tn) 254,08 316,38 357,00 396,87 467,95 518,21 547,43 598,40 597,32 568,30 585,73 610,84 629,30 641,08 656,50 689,14 685,24

Ngun: FAOSTAT, 2011 2.4.2 Tnh hnh sn xut la go Vit Nam Trc nm 1975 din tch trng la c nc dao ng trong khong 4,42 - 4,92 triu ha, nng sut c tng nhng rt chm, ch khong 700kg/ha trong vng 20 nm. Sn lng la hai min ch trn di 10 triu tn (bng 2.5 ). Sau nm 1975 din tch trng la tng kh nhanh v n nh, nhng nng sut bnh qun gim st kh nghim trng do t ai mi khai hoang cha c ci to, thin tai v su bnh, c ch qun l nng nghip tr tr khng ph hp.

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Bng 2.5. Din tch, nng sut v sn lng la Vit Nam qua cc nm Nm 1955 1960 1965 1970 1975 1980 1985 1990 1995 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 S b 2009 Din tch (triu ha) 4,42 4,60 4,83 4,72 4,94 5,54 5,70 5,96 6,77 7,67 7,49 7,50 7,45 7,45 7,33 7,32 7,21 7,41 7,44 Nng sut (tn/ha) 1,44 1,99 1,94 2,15 2,16 2,11 2,78 3,21 3,69 4,24 4,29 4,59 4,64 4,86 4,89 4,89 4,99 5,22 5,23 Sn lng (triu tn) 6,36 9,17 9,37 10,17 10,54 11,68 15,87 19,14 24,96 32,53 32,11 34,45 34,57 36,15 35,79 35,85 35,94 38,72 38,89

Ngun : Tng cc Thng k VN, 2011 Bc sang 1980, nng sut la tng dn do khc phc c nhng nguyn nhn trn nh: thay i c ch qun l nng nghip bng ch trng khon sn phm trong sn xut, ci thin h thng knh mng. Sau nhng n lc khc phc kh khn nc ta t c nhng thnh tu to ln. T mt nc phi nhp khu go hng nm chng ta t tc c lng thc v dn dn ti ha nhp vo th trng lng thc th gii, chim lnh ngay v tr quan trng l nc xut khu go ng hng th 3 ri th 2 trn th gii sau Thi Lan. T nm 1997 n nay, hng nm nc ta xut khu trung bnh trn di 4 triu tn go, em v mt ngun thu nhp ngoi t ng k. Hin nay VN ng hng th 6 v din tch gieo trng v ng hng th 5 v sn lng la. Ht go VN chng nhng m bo yu cu v an ninh lng thc trong nc m cn gp phn quan trng trong th trng la go th gii.

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Trong nhng nm qua, go xut khu VN tng trng v s lng v cht lng cng nh m rng th trng. n nay, ngoi cc th trng truyn thng ca VN nh l Iraq, Iran (Trung ng), th trng Chu (Indonesia, Philippines), VN m rng v pht trin thm mt s th trng tim nng cc nc Chu Phi, M La tinh(bng 2.6) Bng 2.6. Th trng xut khu go ca Vit Nam nm 2010 Th trng Philippines Indonesia Singapore Cu Ba Malaysia i Loan Hng Kng Trung Quc ng Timo Nga Nam Phi Brunei Ucraina Australia B Tiu vng Quc Rp thng nht Ba Lan Php H Lan Italia Ty Ban Nha Tng cng Ngun: Tng cc thng k, 2011 V gi c, go VN dn dn c nng ln tng ng vi go Thi Lan, vo cng mt thi im v cp loi go. iu ny cho thy, cht lng go v quan h th trng ca go VN c th cnh tranh ngang hng vi go Thi Lan trn th trng th gii (bng 2.7 ). Lng (nghn tn) 1.475,82 687,21 539,29 472,27 398,01 353,14 131,12 124,46 116,72 83,69 31,79 15,14 13,15 7,46 5,91 5,90 5,02 2,58 1,42 1,39 0,84 6.886,17 Tr gi (nghn USD) 947.378,77 346.017,26 227.791,80 209.216,94 177.688,70 142.704,50 65.176,23 54.636,94 51.526,93 36.059,49 13.365,04 7.658,56 6.149,16 4.327,17 2.716,95 2.708,17 2.058,80 1.070,36 829,32 757,90 392,84 3.247.860,36

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Bng 2.7. Gi go xut khu ca Vit Nam so vi mt s nc (gi FOB, USD/tn) Loi go Thi 100B ( 100% go nguyn ) Thi 5% tm Thi 25% tm Vit 5% tm Vit 25% tm n 5% tm n 25% tm Pakistan 15-20% tm Pakistan 25% tm Ngun: Th trng la go.com v gentraco.com.vn, 2011 Tng sn lng v gi tr xut khu go ca Vit Nam cng tng ln r rt k t lc nc ta tham gia th trng xut khu go th gii nm 1989 (bng 2.8) Gi go u 6/2011 n cui 7/2011 550 520 480 470 435 330 315 510 460

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Bng 2.8. S lng v gi tr go xut khu ca Vit nam (B thng mi) Nm 1989 1990 1991 1992 1993 1994 1995 1996 1997 1998 1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 Tng lng go xut khu (triu tn) 1,37 1,78 1,17 1,54 1,65 1,96 2,03 3,05 3,68 3,79 4,56 3,39 3,53 3,25 3,92 4,06 5,20 Tng gi tr (triu USD) 310,29 274,52 230,50 405,53 335,06 420,86 538,84 868,42 891,34 1.005,48 1.008,96 615,82 544,11 608,12 693,53 859,18 1.279,27

Ngun: Hip hi lng thc VN, 2011 2.5 S hnh thnh v c tnh ca t mn t mn ven bin Vit Nam do nh hng ca nc bin mn theo thy triu trn vo hoc do mch nc mn ngm. FAO - UNESCO gi t ph sa mn (satic flavisols) v xc nh t mn l t c c tnh mn (salic properties) khng c tng sulfidic cng nh tng sulfuric t mt t xung su 125 cm (Tn Tht Chiu, 1992).

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t mn l t c dn in ca dung dch trch bo ha (Eco) l t 4 mmho/cm tr ln 250C. y l ngng m vt qu mc ny nng sut la s gim ng k v lng mui gia tng (Akbar v Ponnamperuma, 1980). Cc loi ion chnh yu ca mui gm: Na+, Ca2+, Mg2+, Cl- v SO42-. Trong mui NaCl chim u th. Ngoi ra t mn c chia lm 2 dng khc nhau r rt: t mn duyn hi v t mn ni a. t mn duyn hi c nhng vng ven bin, tnh mn ny ch yu do s trn ngp ca nc bin v nc thng c pH thp. t mn ni a c nhng vng kh v na kh. Tnh mn y do nc dn thy hoc nc ngm. S bc hi cao dn n mui tp trung vng r v t thng c pH cao (Yoshida, 1981). t mn ven bin thng c tng s mui tan > 0,5% (tng ng vi >0,15% Cl) v nu t mc mn trung bnh phi > 0,25% (tng ng vi 0,05% Cl). Trong hon cnh nhit i m, gi ma c loi ma ma v kh khc nhau, v ma ma mui tng t mn thng b ra i gn ht, lc by gi xc nh t mn phi ly mu v phn tch cc tng bn di phu din (Nguyn Vy v Trn Khi, 1978). t b nh hng mn khng phi u c kh nng canh tc ging nh nhau, m n c chia ra thnh tng nhm khc nhau s dng t hp l. t b nh hng mn i lc thuc Chu u v Bc M rt t c kh nng trng trt. Chu , hn 80% t b nh hng mn c kh nng trng trt v c khai thc cho sn xut nng nghip. Chu Phi v Nam M, khong 30% t b nhim mn c kh nng trng trt. Hin tng nhim mn l mi e da ln nht n vic gia tng sn lng lng thc cc quc gia Chu (Abrol, 1986) . 2.6 Mn v cy trng 2.6.1 Nhm cy trng chu mn Nng mui cao trong t l nguyn nhn nh hng xu n cy trng. nh hng d thy nht l nc km hu dng cho cy vng r. iu ny do p sut thm thu ca dung dch t gia tng. Ngoi ra nng m c ca nhng ion mui c th gy c i vi cy trng, hoc c th ngn cn s hp thu ca nhng dinh dng cn thit khc i vi cy (Abrol, 1988).

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Trong t b nhim mn thng bao gm t b nhim mn, thnh phn t nhin v thnh phn mui, pH, cc cht dinh dng, ch nc v cc cht c lin quan trong t. t mn khc vi t thng tr s EC o c, nu l t mn tr s EC vt qu 4dS/m (tng ng mn l 2) 250C, nu tr s EC vt qu mc ny th nng sut cy trng ni chung v nng sut la ni ring gim mt cch trm trng. Bng 2.9 Phn loi mn ca t theo 2 ch tiu kt hp Phn loi mn ca t t rt mn t mn t mn trung bnh t mn t Ngun: Nguyn Vy v Trn Khi, 1978 Mc chu mn ca cy c nh gi da trn nng sut gim khi so snh vi t khng mn (Abrol v ctv, 1988). Bng 2.10 : nh hng ca mn n cy trng Phn loi t mn Khng mn Mn t Mn trung bnh Mn Rt mn dn in ca dung dch t trch bo ha (mmh0/cm) 02 24 48 8 16 > 16 nh hng trn cy trng Mn nh hng khng ng k. Nng sut ca nhiu loi cy trng c th b gii hn. Nng sut ca nhiu loi cy trng b gii hn. Ch mt s cy trng chu ng c Ch rt t loi cy trng chu ng mn Ngun: Abrol v ctv , 1998 Ty theo cch chu mn khc nhau m thc vt c th chia lm 4 nhm sau (Trn Kim ng v ctv, 1991) - Nhm 1: Thc vt a mui (thch mui in hnh), kh nng cha mui trong t bo n 10%. Tng s mui tan (%) trong t >1 0.50 - 1 0.25 0.50 < 0.25 Cl- (%) trong t > 0.25 0.15 0.25 0.05 - 0.15 < 0.05

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- Nhm 2: Thc vt c t bo thch ng mn, tng dch bo tng p sut thm thu. - Nhm 3: Thc vt c t bo loi thi mui, c kh nng tng tnh thm ca cht nguyn sinh (tng tnh tan vo trong t bo). - Nhm 4: Thc vt c c quan c bit gi mui, nh cc lng t mi to ra trn b mt l gi mui li. 2.6.2 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy trng * Giai on sinh trng Hu ht cc loi cy trng u b nh hng mn trong giai on ny mm nhiu hn bt k giai on sinh trng no khc. Kh nng chu mn trong giai on ny mm thay i theo tng loi cy. Maas v Hoffman (1977), cho rng kh nng chu ng mn ca cy thay i theo giai on sinh trng ca cy v ng kt lun rng la mch, la m v ng chu ng nng mui gn ging la. C ci ng v c linh lng th mn cm sut giai on ny mm, u nnh th thay i ty thuc vo ging. Theo Maas v Hoffman (1977) th B Nng Nghip Canada a ra kh nng chu ng mn ca vi loi cy trng bng 2.11. Bng 2.11 : Kh nng chu mn ca cy trng giai on sinh trng Cy trng La mch Ng La m C linh lng C ci ng rt u Ngun: Maas v Hoffman, 1977 Giai on ny mm Rt tt Tt Kh tt Xu Xu Rt xu Giai on nh gi Tt Xu Trung bnh Tt Tt Rt xu

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2.6.3 nh hng ca mn n s sinh trng ca cy la La c kh nng chu mn cao lc ny mm nhng li rt mn cm thi k cy con, lc cy v lc tr. Trong nhng trng hp mn t, th mt lng Na+ thp c th thc y s sinh trng ca cy la. Mi ging la c sc chng chu mn khc nhau, kh nng chu mn l mt yu t quan trng gip cy la c th thch nghi c vi nhiu iu kin mi trng khc nhau (Bi Huy p, 1977). Kh nng chu mn ca la ty thuc vo nhiu yu t khc nhau: pH t, ch nc, phng php canh tc, tui m, giai on pht trin ca cy, thi gian b nhim mn v nhit bn ngoi (IRRI, 1978). Akbar v Ponnamperuma (1980), cho rng kh nng chu mn ca la ty theo giai on sinh trng ca la nh sau: - Giai on ny mm v m non: cc ging la u c kh nng chu mn trong sut giai on ny mm. Ajkbar (1972), cho rng mn khng lm thit hi kh nng ny mm m ch ko di thi gian ny mm. Nhiu kt qu nghin cu cho thy cy la mm cm vi mn giai on m non (2 - 3 l) nhiu hn trong giai on ny mm, v nh hng ca mn trong giai on m thay i ty theo ging la. Mn nh hng n s gia tng chiu di ca l v vic hnh thnh l mi, ng thi n cng nh hng n s pht trin ca r. Theo Dip Vn Tht (1987), vi nng mui 6 giai on ny mm v giai on m cy la cht lc 28 ngy sau khi gieo v 30 ngy sau khi x l mn. Tuy nhin ging la MTL78 (A69-1) ht vn ny mm c > 80%, cy la c kh nng chu mn c sut 28 ngy. Cng vi nng 6, giai on m chi tch cc v giai on tr, ging MTL78 sng c v cho nng sut, tuy nhin nng sut gim rt nhiu so vi i chng. Nh vy thi gian nhim mn cng sm i vi ging ny s dn n nng sut km. - Giai on tng trng: La c kh nng chu mn trong sut giai on sinh trng tng trng, v sc chng chu ny tng dn theo tui cy, khi cy gi th tnh chng chu cng gia tng. Trong sut giai on tng trng, chiu cao cy, trng lng rm r, s chi/bi, trng lng kh ca r, chiu di r, thi gian t khi cy n tr, u b nh hng bi mn vi mc khc nhau, trong chiu cao cy, s chi/bi v thi gian sinh trng b nh hng mnh nht. S thit hai do mn nghim trong hn khi

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thi tit c nhit cao (30,70C) v m thp (63,5%) v n lm gia tng s thot hi nc v s hp thu mn ca cy la. - Giai on sinh dc: Mn nh hng giai on ny s lm gim nng sut ht nhiu hn giai on sinh trng tng trng. Trong thi k sinh sn, mn nh hng n s tng gi, s hnh thnh hoa, s th phn v s ny mm ca ht phn, lm cho t l lp gia tng (Akbar, 1972; Awaki, 1956; Kaddak v Fakhry, 1961; Ota v ctvl, 1965). Mn lm gim chiu di bng, s ht/bng v trng lng 1000 ht a n nng sut gim. 2.7 Gii thiu chung v c im cc vng la nhim mn Vit Nam Nc ta c khong 1 triu ha t nhim mn (Hong Kim, Phm Vn Bin v R.H.Howeler, 2003) trong c hai vng nhim mn tp trung ch yu l chu th ln l BSH v BSCL. nh hng ca nc bin vng ca sng vo t lin BSH ch khong 15 km, nhng vng BSCL li c th xm nhp ti 40 - 50 km (FAO, 2000). Cc tnh vng BSCL nh: Sc Trng, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, Bc Liu, C Mau, Kin Giang u b nhim mn. Ch yu l t phn mn chim din tch khong 1.600.000ha, c tnh 40,7% din tch ton vng v t mn c din tch l 744.000 ha, chim 18,9% gy hn ch cho vic tng v v tng nng sut ca vng. Cc vng la nhim mn BSH thuc cc tnh nh: Thi Bnh, Hi Phng, Nam nh, Ninh Bnh, Thanh Ha,Vng ven bin thuc Hi Phng b nhim mn khong 20.000 ha c hai dng nhim mn tim tng v nhim mn xm nhim t 0,3 0,5%. Tnh Thi Bnh c khong 18.000 ha nhim mn. Tnh Nam nh c khong 10.000 ha. Tnh Thanh Ha c khong 22.000 ha t nhim mn. Cc ging la ma a phng trc y thng c gieo trng l: Cm, Nhng, T Tp, T , Chim Bu, Ct Hng, nng sut thp, ch t 18 - 20 t/ha. Gn y mt s ging chu mn trung bnh nh: Mc Tuyn, X21, X, X19, VD97, VD920cho nng sut kh cao nhng c dng hnh yu r, t chu phn, cao cy, l lt (Nguyn Tn Hinh v ctv., 2005). Dc theo ven bin cc tnh min Trung t cng b nhim mn nh H Tnh c khong 17.919 ha, Qung Bnh c c hn 9.300 ha b nhim mn v Ninh Thun c gn

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2.300 ha t b nhim mn. Cc ging la a phng thng c canh tc ti cc vng ny l: Thun Yn, np B Ging, Trng ip, Ni chung mt trong nhng tr ngi chnh cho nghnh Nng nghip VN l t nhim mn. Nhng nm gn y, phong tro chuyn i t m hnh trng la sang mt tm - mt la cc tnh ven bin lm cho mt s vng la ln cn tr nn b nhim mn, gy nh hng xu n sn lng la. 2.8 Thc trng vng la nhim mn vng BSCL Vi din tch t nhin l 3,96 triu ha, chim 12% din tch c nc; trong t sn xut nng nghip khong 2,9 triu ha, t sn xut lm nghip l 430.770 ha, t khc chim 277.000 ha v t chuyn dng khong 262.682 ha (Nguyn Ngc Anh, 2005). Nhit kh hu BSCL trung bnh hng nm trn 27 280C, thng c nhit trung bnh thp nht l thng 12 v thng 1, nm trong khong 25 - 260C, thng c nhit trung bnh cao nht l thng 4 v thng 5, nhit trung bnh: 28 - 290C. Lng ma trung bnh hng nm ton vng l 1.520 - 1.800 mm, phn b khng u theo thi gian v khng gian. Sut ma ma t thng 05 n thng 10 lng ma chim khong 90% lng ma c nm, v lng ma rt t trong ma kh (thng 11 n thng 4). V t nng nghip, theo Trn Thanh Cnh (1998), vng BSCL c cc nhm t chnh sau: (1) t ph sa c din tch khong 1.180.000 ha, chim 30,1% din tch ton vng; (2) t phn mn chim din tch khong 1.600.000 ha, c tnh 40,7% din tch ton vng; (3) t mn c din tch l 744.000 ha, chim 18,9 %, c ph t nhin cao, nhng b nhim mn, nn vic tng v, tng nng sut trong sn xut b hn ch; (4) t xm c din tch khong 134.656 ha, chim 3,4%, bao gm t xm trn ph sa c, t xm ng mn gley trn ph sa c. BSCL c h thng sng ngi chng cht to thnh h thng thy li cung cp nc cho sn xut nng nghip, tho chua, ra mn v cng l h thng vn chuyn bng ng thy, rt thun li cho vn chuyn hng ho, nng sn. Ma l thng ko di 5 thng vi lng nc chim khong 3/4 tng lng nc c nm, v 7 thng ma kh cn, lng nc cn li rt t. Do , thy triu c nh hng rt ln n phn ln vng h lu sng Mekong, ton b BSCL ca VN. Do nh hng ca thy triu, nc mn t bin thng trn vo su trong t lin vo ma kh. Cc vng la ven bin

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BSCL thuc cc tnh: Sc Trng, Bn Tre, Tin Giang, Tr Vinh, Bc Liu, C Mau, Kin Giang u b nhim mn, nhiu hay t ty thuc vo nh hng ca thy triu v h thng knh ngi, ngn mn ca tng vng. mn ln nht trn sng theo quy lut, thng xut hin trng vi k triu cng trong thng, nc bin cng mn, cng vo su trong t lin cc vng triu mnh v t c nc thng ngun v. Mc xm nhp mn ty thuc vo s xm nhp ca nc bin, v ty vo ma trong nm, cao im vo cc thng c lng ma thp, khong thng 3 - 4 dng lch. BSCL c khong 1,8 - 2,1 triu ha t t nhin chu nh hng ca mn tp trung cc tnh C Mau, Bc Liu, Tin Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh, Sc Trng v Kin Giang, phn ln l t b nhim mn kt hp vi phn, ngp nc th hin qua bng 2.12 (L Sm, 2003) Bng 2.12. Din tch b nhim mn BSCL trung bnh thng 4 (1991-2000) STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 Khu vc Khng nh hng mn Xm nhp mn Xm nhp mn Xm nhp mn Xm nhp mn Xm nhp mn 0,0 - 0,4 0,4 - 2,0 2,0 - 4,0 4,0 -16,0 >16,0 mn (g/l) Din tch (ha) 1.773.365 107.025 232.816 148.244 1.378.550 260.000 3.900.000 T l (%) 45,5 2,8 6,0 3,8 35,3 6,6 100

Tng cng (lm trn) Ngun: L Sm, 2003.

B Nng Nghip v PTNT (2001) chia vng BSCL ra lm 06 vng: vng ven v gia sng Tin v sng Hu, vng ng Thp Mi, vng Ty sng Hu, vng T gic Long Xuyn, vng Bn o C Mau, vng ven bin ng. Trong cc vng b nh hng mn chnh l: - Vng Bn o C Mau: din tch t nhin: 946.000 ha. Din tch hin ang s dng: 676.000 ha, gm cc loi t: t mn v t phn mn. Yu t chnh nh hng n sn xut ca vng l thiu nc ngt v nh hng mn. Hin nay ang sn xut theo mt s m hnh sau: 1 n 2 v la trong nm; nui thy sn; rng ngp mn; 1 v la + 1 v tm; rng - tm.

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- Vng ven bin ng: din tch t nhin: 1.073.000 ha. Din tch hin ang s dng: 844.000 ha, gm cc loi t: t ph sa, t mn v t ct ging. Yu t chnh nh hng n sn xut ca vng l khng ngp l, thiu nc ngt v nh hng mn. Hin nay ang c nhng m hnh sn xut nh: 1 n 2 v la trong nm; nui thy sn; da; cy n tri; 1 v la + 1 v tm; rng - tm. - Din tch nui thy sn nc mn, l ch tp trung 8 tnh ven bin vng BSCL: Long An, Tin Giang, Bn Tre, Tr Vinh, Sc Trng, Bc Liu, C Mau, Kin Giang. Nm 2005, din tch c th t: 564.650 ha, tng 142.458 ha so vi nm 2001 (din tch nm 2001: 422.192 ha) v d kin nm 2010 s t: 649.430 ha, tng 84.780 ha so vi nm 2005 (Nguyn Ngc Anh, 2005).

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Chng 3 VT LIU V PHNG PHP NGHIN CU3.1. Vt liu nghin cu Gm cc ging la ma, la cao sn a phng v cc ging la ca Vin Nghin cu La Quc T (IRRI). Bng 3.1: Danh sch 15 ging la th nghim STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn ging Pokkali (chun khng) IR 29 (chun nhim) A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 Ngun gc La chu mn ca n Vin La Quc T (IRRI) Cao sn chu mn IR75494/Jasmine85 OM 5199 B Jas 85/ OM 2490 Jas 85/ OM 2718 OM 3242/ OM 2490 OMCS2000/ OM 2490 Nui cy m ca A69-1 IR 68144/997-6//2718 OM6976/OM5451 OM5453/OM5494 OM5930/Pottkali OM6976/OM6072

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3.2. Phng php th nghim iu kin th nghim Thi gian v a im th nghim - Thi gian thc hin th nghim bt u t thng 01/2011 n thng 04/2011. - a im kho nghim ti Vin la ng bng sng Cu Long Mn - Cn Th. c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim Bng 3.2: c im v tnh cht l ha tnh khu th nghim Thnh phn St Tht Ct pH (KCl) EC N tng s N d tiu P tng s P d tiu K tng s K+ Fe tng s Cu d tiu Zn d tiu Ca tng s Ca2+

n v tnh % % % mS/cm % ppm % ppm % meq/100g ppm ppm ppm % meq/100g % meq/100g %

Gi tr 62,00 33,00 5,00 4,90 0,37 0,17 70,00 0,06 4,64 1,12 0,08 2,67 33,67 23,23 0,0024 1,581 0,112 3,76 0,022

Mg tng s Mg2+ Mn tng s

CEC meq/100g 25,00 Ngun: B mn Khoa hc t, Vin la ng Bng sng Cu Long

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Nhn xt: t c thnh phn c gii st nng (62%), hi chua, khng nhim mn, kh nng trao i cation cao (25 meq/100g), %N trong t kh cao (0,17%), Cu v Zn tng s tng i kh, Ptng s thp (0,06%), K trao i thp, Ca trao i v Mg trao i tng i kh. 3.2.1.3. c im kh hu thi tit trong thi gian th nghim S liu kh tng c thu thp t thng 01/2011 n thng 05/2011 Bng 3.3: Tnh hnh thi tit, kh hu ni th nghim Thng/nm 01/2011 02/2011 03/2011 04/2011 05/2011 Nhit khng kh (0C) Trung bnh 29,4 30,2 29,5 30,1 30,7 m khng kh (%) 87,4 82,3 85,5 89,3 90,7 Lng ma (mm) 29 49,6 89,7 49,5 185,2

Ngun: Trm kh tng Tr Nc - Cn Th Nhn xt: Qua bng 3.3 ta thy: - Thi tit khng c bin ng v ph hp trong sut thi gian lm th nghim - Thng 1 nhit trung bnh 29,40C v m khng kh 87,4% nn thch hp cho la bn r hi xanh sm, lng ma tuy thp nhng rung ch ng c nc nn cng khng nh hng ln n i sng cy la. - Thng 2 la nhnh, pht trin thn l r, gp iu kin thi tit thun li nn kh nng pht trin tt. - Thi k tr v chn vo thng 3, 4 nhit v m khng kh thun li (29,5 30,1 v 85,5 - 89,3%), thi gian ny t c ma, khng gy kh khn cho qu trnh phi mu ca la. - Thng 5 tri bt u ma nhng khng nh hng v th nghim chuyn sang thc hin trong phng.

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3.3. Phng php b tr th nghim 3.3.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m trong phng 3.3.1.1. Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997) - Nghim thc x l mui: ba nghim thc l 0, 4 v 6 mui NaCl - S ln lp li: 2 ln/nghim thc - S lng ging la th nghim: 15 ging - Kiu b tr: hon ton ngu nhin - Vt liu chnh gm: + Khay nha hnh ch nht kch thc 14 x 30 x 35 cm (hnh 3.1) + Li chng mui + Tm xp mng dy khong 1,2 - 2,5 cm (hnh 3.1) + Mui NaCl (hnh 3.2) + Dung dch Yoshida + My o nng mui (hnh 3.2) + Cy gp ht la. * Chun b dung dch Yoshida - Chun b dung dch m (ph lc 2, bng 1) - Chun b dung dch Yoshida thanh lc mn (ph lc 2, bng 2) * Tin hnh thanh lc - Tm xp ni c ct kch thc sao cho lt va kht vo bn trong ca khay nha. Ct nhng rnh thng sao cho cha c 15 ht la ny mm/ging la thanh lc mn. Mt di ca tm xp ph bng li mui sao cho ht la khng b lt xung y thau nha. (hnh 3.1) - Cc ging la thanh lc c v trng, nhit 370C trong 48 gi la ny mm. - Khi cc ht la ny mm, t ht vo trong rnh ca cc tm xp. Trong ba ngy u thanh lc, thau nha cha t nc ht la pht trin bnh thng. Khi r la pht trin (sau 3 ngy) thay th nc bng dung dch Yoshida c nng mui l 4 v 6 . Ring i chng dung dch dinh dng s c thay sau 1 tun v lun duy tr pH n nh (pH =5).

25

- Sau khong 2 tun thanh lc s tin hnh ghi nhn tnh chng chu mn ca cc ging la (khi IR 29 cht hon ton).

Hnh 3.1 Ht ging c gieo trong khay 3.3.1.2. Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t

Hnh 3.2 Mui v my o nng mui

- Nghim thc x l mui, s ln lp li, s ging la th nghim, kiu b tr cng tng t nh th nghim thanh lc mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn, ch khc l ht la c gieo trong t, trong khay thic c kch thc l 15 x 50 x 100 cm. * Tin hnh thanh lc - t khng b nhim mn - phn c phi kh, bm nhuyn cho vo khay dy khong 10cm (10 x 50 x 100cm, tng ng th tch t khong 0,05 m3/khay). - Ht la cho ny mm v gieo thnh lung trong khay, ti nc m t cho ht tip tc pht trin trong 3 ngy u. - Tnh ton nc mui cn cho 1 khay: tnh ton lng nc mui cn cho 1 khay, chng ti da vo 1 gi thuyt l trong t bo ha, lng nc chim khong 50% th tch ca t. Nh th lng nc cn cho 0,05 m3 t l 25 lt (50lt x 50/100). t trong khay b ngp nc l 2 cm, th cn cung cp thm mt lng nc l 10 lt (0,02 x0,5 x 1m = 0,01 m3). Do cho mi khay, cn khong 35 lt nc mui chun mn 4 hoc 6, c chia ti lm vi ln vo mi khay sao cho t b ngp khong 2 cm. Khi th tch nc mui trn dng ht, th cc ln ti sau ch s dng nc ti khng b nhim mn.

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3.3.2. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn sau giai on m - Nghim thc x l mui, s ging la th nghim, kiu b tr cng tng t nh th nghim thanh lc mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn, ch khc l ht la c gieo trong t, trong cc b c kch thc l 2,5m x 2,5m vi ba ln lp li. - t khng b nhim mn - phn c phi kh, bm nhuyn cho vo cc b. - Lng nc mui cn cho vo mt b c tnh ging nh th nghim thanh lc mn trong dung dch Yoshida nu trn . - M c gieo khong 2 tun ri cy vo b. Sau khi cy c 1 tun cho mui vo. Sau 10 ngy m ch tiu. 3.4 Cc ch tiu v phng php theo di 3.4.1. Th nghim : Thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m - Chiu cao cy: o 10 ngy mt ln, o cy cao nht (v chm sc cho n khi ging IR29 cht gn nh hon ton), o t y khay n chp l cao nht theo tng ln lp li. Ring th nghim trng cy trong t th o t mt t n chp l cao nht, tnh trung bnh cho 2 ln lp li, n v tnh cm. - Kh nng chu mn: Khong 3 tun sau khi thanh lc mn (khi ging IR29 cht gn nh hon ton) th ghi nhn tnh chng chu mn ca cc ging thanh lc theo tiu chun ca IRRI (bng 3.4) - T l sng st: ch ghi nhn mt ln th nghim trng cy trong t sau khi ging IR 29 cht hon ton ( cy m hon ton vng, khng c m xanh) * Cp chng chu mn c tnh nh sau: Cp chu mn = Tng (Cp n x s cy cp n) / Tng s c th thanh lc mn (vi n l cp thit hi t: 1, 3, 5, 7, 9).

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Bng 3.4. Tiu chun nh gi (SES) giai on tng trng v pht trin (IRRI, 1997) Cp 1 3 5 7 9 M t triu chng Tng trng bnh thng khng c vt chy l vt trng, l hi cun li. Tng trng chm li; ht l b kh; mt vi chi b Chng chu trung bnh cht Tng trng b ngng li hon ton; hu ht l b Nhim kh; mt vi chi b cht. Tt c cy b cht hoc kh Rt nhim nh gi Chng chu tt

Gn nh bnh thng, nhng u l hoc vi l c Chng chu

Ngun Gregorio v cs, 1997 * Xp nhm cc ging la chng chu mn so snh mi tng quan gia kiu hnh v kiu gen ca cc ging la th nghim, chng ti tm phn cc ging la vo bn nhm theo thang im sau: Bng 3.5 : Phn nhm chng chu mn Nhm I II III IV Phn nhm chng chu mn Chng chu mn tt Chng chu mn kh Chng chu mn trung bnh Chng chu mn km Cp 1,0-3,0 3,1-5,0 5,1-7,0 7,1-9,0

3.4.2. Th nghim: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m * T l sng st: m 10 ngy mt ln, m ht cc cy. * c trng v hnh thi Quan st v nh gi cc ch tiu theo thang im nh gi ca IRRI (Standard Evaluation Sytem For Rice 1996) v tiu chun ngnh Quy phm kho nghim ging la 10 TCN 558 - 2002.

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Cc ch tiu theo di: Thn la - Chiu cao cy: o t mt t n nh bng cao nht ca cy la trc thu hoch 3 ngy (khng k ru ht), s cy mu l 10, n v tnh cm. - Gc thn c theo di t khi la nhnh ti a n lm ng. + Cp 1: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 0 - 150 (thng). + Cp 3: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 15 - 300 (hi thng). + Cp 5: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 30 - 450 (xe). + Cp 7: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 45 - 600 (rt xe). + Cp 9: gc gia nhnh v thn chnh 60 - 900 (bt). L la - Gc l ng: quan st t lc tr n chn c o theo gc l ng vi thn + Cp 1: gc gia l ng v thn 00 < 150 (thng). + Cp 3: gc gia l ng v thn 150 < 300 (hi thng). + Cp 5: gc gia l ng v thn 300 < 450 (hi xe). + Cp 7: gc gia l ng v thn 450 < 600 (rt xe). - Kch thc l ng: o chiu di, chiu rng ca 5 l ng trn mt ging v ly trung bnh vo giai on l ng, n v tnh l cm. - Chiu di l ng o t c l n chp l Bng la - Chiu di bng: o t c bng n chp bng ca 10 bng/ging trc thu hoch 3 ngy, sau tnh trung bnh, n v tnh l cm. Ht la - Tng s ht/bng: m tng s ht trn bng, s cy mu 1 cy/bi; 3 ln lp li tnh trung bnh. * Cc ch tiu nng hc - Chiu cao cy: o 10 ngy mt ln, o 7 cy (theo kiu cch 1 cy ly 1 cy) o t mt t n chp l cao nht theo tng ln lp li, tnh trung bnh 3 ln lp li, n v tnh cm. - S nhnh: ghi nhn 10 ngy mt ln, m 7 cy nh trn, tnh trung bnh cho 3 ln lp li.

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- S bng/ bi - S ht chc/ bng - T l ht lp (%) = s ht lp / tng s ht x 100 - Trng lng 1.000 ht (gram): m 2 ln 500 ht chc mi ln lp li, em cn v tnh trung bnh 3 ln lp li, o m lc cn quy v m chun 14%. - Nng sut thc t: gram/bi. 3.5. Phng php x l: Phn tch thng k theo phn mm MSTATC v excel.

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Chng 4 KT QU V THO LUN4.1. Th nghim thanh lc mn nhn to giai on m nh gi kh nng chng chu ca cc ging la, chng ti tin hnh th nghim thanh lc mn 15 ging la trin vng. Kh nng chu mn c nh gi khi ging IR 29 cht hon ton, cc ch tiu theo di s c nh gi. 4.1.1Th nghim 1a: Trng cy trong dung dch Yoshida (IRRI, 1997) - Kt qu phn cp tnh chng chu mn theo tiu chun IRRI

S ging 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 0,4% Nng mui Chu mn kh (3,1-5) Chu mn trung bnh (5,1-7) Nhim mn (7,1-9) 3 0 0,6% 10 8 7

th 4.1 Thanh lc mn ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida Kt qu th nghim th hin ti th 4.1 v bng 4.1 cho thy: nng 4 c 2 ging chu mn kh, 10 ging chu mn trung bnh v 3 ging chu mn km; nng 6 c 8 ging chu mn trung bnh v 7 ging chu mn km. Su ging la

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Pokkali, OM 6976, OM 6905, OM 9585, OM 5166-S2 l cc ging c kh nng chu mn cao hn hn cc ging cn li. Ba ging la OM 5451, OM 5453, A69-1 c kh nng chu mn kh nng 4 nhng chu mn km nng 6. Bng 4.1 Kt qu thanh lc mn 15 ging la ti Vin La BSCL STT Tn ging Trung bnh cp chng chu mn ca 15 ging la (*) 4 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 5,110 8,093 6,567 5,407 6,615 6,217 7,374 5,725 6,421 8,000 4,600 5,933 5,048 6,552 4,733 6 6,000 9,000 7,267 6,619 6,769 8,533 8,333 7,917 7,767 8,833 6,857 6,857 6,421 6,829 6,829

(*) Ghi nhn 21 ngy sau khi x l mui

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- ng thi tng trng chiu cao S liu ghi nhn c bng 4.2 v bng 4.3 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging u c chiu cao tng tng mc x l mui. Trong chiu cao cy dao ng t 17,5 35,5 cm nng l 0. So vi ging i chng chiu cao cy gim t 1,5 - 7,8 cm nng mui 4 v gim t 3,5 - 9,8 cm nng mui 6. Ring ging IR 29 cht hon ton. Bng 4.2 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la trong dung dch Yoshida STT Tn ging Chiu cao cy ca 15 ging la cc ngy sau gieo (NSG) trong dung dch Yoshida 23 13 NSG 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 25,5 16,5 19,5 21,3 22,7 22,0 26,0 21,5 23,0 22,0 20,5 23,0 23,0 19,5 21,0 NSG 13 NSG 0 35,5 17,5 22,0 22,0 24,0 20,0 28,0 23,0 24,5 26,0 20,5 26,0 24,5 20,0 23,0 4 23,0 11,5 18,3 14,8 16,0 15,8 20,8 17,8 17,8 20,5 17,0 18,5 16,0 17,3 18,0 23 13 NSG NSG 4 27,8 0,0 19,5 18,3 17,5 17,0 22,8 19,8 19,5 23,8 17,5 23,5 19,8 18,5 21,0 6 22,3 9,5 17,8 13,0 14,0 13,5 17,3 15,3 15,8 18,0 14,5 15,0 14,8 15,3 16,0 23 NSG 6 25,8 0,0 19,0 15,0 15,8 15,0 19,5 18,3 17,8 22,5 15,8 19,8 16,8 16,5 19,0

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- Kt qu phn tch chiu cao cy ca cc ging la * Nng 4S ging 10 8 6 4 2 0 2 2 0-10%Kh

5 1 4 10-20% T l % chiu cao gimTrung bnh Nhim

3 20-27%

th 4.2 So snh s tng quan t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn nng 4 Da vo kt qu ca hnh 4.2 v bng 3 ph lc 2 cho thy nng 4 chiu cao cy m c th gim ti 27% so i chng (khng x l mui). Trong nhm ging c chiu cao cy gim t 0 - 10% so vi ging i chng, c hai ging chu mn trung bnh (OM9584-2, OM 9916) c hai ging nhim mn (A69-1 NCM, OM9605). Nhm ging c chiu cao gim t 10 - 20% c bn ging chu mn kh (OM9585, OM 5453, OM 6976, A69-1) v nm ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5490, OM 5166-S2, OM 5451, OM 5464, OM9584-2). Nhm ging c t l chiu cao gim trn 20% c ba ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5199 B, Pokkali, OM 5490) v mt ging nhim (IR 29).

34

* Nng 6

S ging 8 6 4 2 0 2 2 10-20%Kh

4 3 20-30% T l % chiu cao gimTrung bnh Nhim

2 3 30-34%

th 4.3 So snh s tng quan vi t l gim chiu cao cy v cp chng chu mn nng 6 Kt qu ca hnh 4.3 v bng 4 ph lc 2 cho thy nng 6 chiu cao cy m c th gim ti 34% so i chng (khng x l mui). Trong nhm ging c chiu cao cy gim t 10-20% so vi ging i chng, hai ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 9916, OM9605), hai ging nhim (A69-1, A69-1 NCM). Nhm ging c chiu cao gim t 20 -30% c ging chu mn trung bnh (Pokkali, OM9584-2, OM 6976) v bn ging nhim mn (OM 5490, OM 5451, OM 5453, OM 5464). Nhm ging c chiu cao gim hn 30% c ba ging chu mn trung bnh (OM 5199 B, OM 5166-S2, OM9585) v hai ging nhim (IR 29, OM 5453). 4.1.2 Th nghim 1b: Trng cy trong t - ng thi tng trng chiu cao Da vo bng 4.3, bng 5 v bng 6 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging u c chiu cao tng tng mc x l mui. Trong chiu cao cy dao ng t 27 - 68 cm nng l 0. So vi ging i chng chiu cao cy gim t 6,2 - 21 cm nng mui 4 v gim t 7,5 - 25 cm nng mui 6. Ring IR 29 cht hon ton.

35

Bng 4.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao m ca cc ging la thanh lc mn trong iu kin nh li (cm) STT Tn ging Chiu cao ca 15 ging la cc ngy sau gieo (NSG) trong khay t 13 NSG 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 45,0 23,0 21,0 24,0 30,0 27,0 25,0 22,0 22,0 25,0 25,0 22,0 27,0 25,0 24,0 23 NSG 0 68,0 40,5 27,0 35,0 44,0 35,0 35,0 34,0 36,0 39,0 39,0 35,0 41,0 36,0 32,0 13 NSG 4 27,5 12,5 19,0 18,3 20,5 15,0 15,0 17,0 16,5 17,3 17,8 15,5 20,0 13,5 17,0 23 NSG 4 41,3 0,0 22,0 23,5 28,3 16,5 17,0 18,3 17,3 26,0 20,8 17,0 21,0 15,0 19,8 13 NSG 6 25,5 9,5 14,5 16,3 18,5 12,5 13,5 15,0 14,3 15,0 15,5 7,0 18,0 12,0 16,5 23 NSG 6 40,0 0,0 19,5 20,8 24,5 14,8 15,0 16,5 15,0 23,0 18,0 10,0 19,0 13,8 17,8

- T l sng st (TLSS): TLSS th hin kh nng chu mn ca tng ging. TLSS cng cao chng t rng ging thch nghi vi iu kin sng cao. Kt qu ca bng 4.4 cho thy: * Nng 4: c 8 ging c t l sng st thuc nhm trn 60 - 100% gm cc ging l: Pokkali, A69-1 NCM, A69-1, OM 6976, OM 5166-S2, OM 5451, OM 9916, OM9584-2. Nhm c t l sng st t 30 - 60% c 6 ging gm OM 5199 B, OM 5453, OM 5464, OM 5490, OM9585, OM9605 v 1 ging c t l sng st di 30% l IR 29.

36

* Nng 6: c 5 ging c t l sng st trn 60% gm cc ging Pokkali, A69-1 NCM, A69-1, OM 6976. Nhm c t l sng st t 30 - 60% gm OM 5166-S2, OM 9916, OM 5451, OM 9584-2, OM 5453, OM 5464, OM 9585, OM 9605, OM 5490, OM 5199 B v 1 ging c t l sng st di 30% l IR 29. Bng 4.4 T l sng st (TLSS) ca cc ging la sau th nghim: STT Tn ging TLSS (%) ca cc ging la sau th nghim giai on m trong khay t (*) 0 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 100 77 100 100 73 100 100 100 83 100 100 100 100 100 100 4 83 0 77 70 53 70 53 53 53 80 73 60 53 67 53 6 80 0 67 60 30 47 40 40 33 73 67 40 40 57 40

(*) Ghi nhn 21 ngy sau khi x l mui

37

- Mc khng mn giai on mS ging 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 0 0,4% Nng mnKh (< cp 5) Trung bnh (5-7) Nhim (cp 7-9)

14 12

1

2

1

0,6%

th 4.4 Thanh lc mn 15 ging la trong khay t th 4.4 v bng 5, bng 6 ph lc 2 cho thy nng mui 4 c mt ging nhim mn l IR 29 cn cc ging cn li u chu mn kh. Nng 6 c 1 ging nhim mn l IR 29, c 2 ging chu mn trung bnh l OM 5490 v OM 9916. Cn li 12 ging cho kh nng chu mn kh. Nh vy nng 4 c 2 ging OM 5490 v OM 9916 cho kh nng chu mn kh nhng nng 6 th hai ging ny li cho kh nng chu mn km. Mc d cc ging vn cho kh nng chu mn kh nng mui 6 nhng cp chu mn li li gim t nng mui 4 sang nng 6. 4.2. Th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m nh gi kh nng chu mn, cc c tnh nng hc, nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut, chng ti tin hnh th nghim thanh lc mn sau giai on m. Cc ch tiu theo di s c nh gi trong qu trnh tin hnh th nghim

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4.2.1 Cc c trng v hnh thi Bng 4.5 c trng v hnh thi ca cc ging la th nghim i chng (0) TT Tn ging Thn la Chiu cao cy (cm) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 137,0 100,3 106,6 94,2 112,2 109,7 110,0 102,8 111,3 92,4 102,8 103,6 108,0 91,4 94,8 Gc thn (cp) 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 Chiu di (cm) 47,2 21,9 27,2 25,8 29,2 25,5 20,2 27,8 26,2 23,4 29,0 28,7 22,0 24,0 37,0 L la (L ng) Chiu rng (cm) 1,5 1,8 1,6 1,5 1,6 1,6 1,4 1,6 1,5 1,5 1,5 1,6 1,7 1,7 1,6 Gc l ng (cp) 3 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 31,1 22,4 22,8 19,8 22,8 22,4 20,5 22,8 23,8 22,7 22,1 22,2 21,9 18,2 23,4 Bng la Chiu di (cm)

* Thn la - Chiu cao cy: chiu cao cy ca cc ging la giao ng t 91,4 cm n 137 cm. Trong ging c chiu cao cao nht l Pokkali, thp nht l OM 9916. - Gc thn: Gc thn lin quan n mt cy v cc yu t k thut. Gc thn cng gn th c th gia tng mt cy tng s bng/m2 qua tng nng sut v ngc li. Tt c cc ging la kho nghim u c gc thn cp 1 nn c th tng nng sut bng cch tng mt hp l.

39

* L la: (l ng) L la c lin quan kh nng nhn nh sng quang hp tch ly cht kh cho cy la, l la thng ng th din tch hp thu nh sng nhiu nn kh nng quang hp to cht kh cao v ngc li. Tt c cc ging c gc l ng u na thng n thng hi thng v vy c th gia tng nng sut. Kch thc l ng c ngha quan trng trong vic nhn nh sng quang hp to cht kh cho cy la. - Chiu di l ng: Bin ng t 20,2 cm (ging OM 5453) n 47,2 cm (ging Pokkali) - Gc l ng: Cc ging la c gc l ng t thng n hi thng so vi trc thng ng ca thn. 4.2.2 T l sng st: (TLSS) TLSS th hin kh nng chu mn ca tng ging. Ging c t l sng st cng cao cng chng t ging thch nghi vi iu kin sng cao

40

- i vi nng 0 Bng 4.6 TLSS ca 15 ging nng 0 STT Tn ging Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM9605 T l sng st (%) nng 0 cc NSC 13 NSC 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 100 67 100 100 100 100 93 73 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 23 NSC 100 67 100 100 100 100 93 73 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 33 NSC 100 67 100 100 100 100 93 73 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 43 NSC 100 67 100 100 100 100 93 73 93 100 100 100 100 100 100 53 NSC 100 67 100 100 100 100 93 73 93 100 100 100 100 100 100

Kt qu bng 4.6 cho thy t l sng st ca cc ging la n nh trong sut giai on th nghim.Hu ht cc ging c t l sng st cao. Ring ging IR 29 c TLSS 67% v OM 5464 c TLSS 73% thp hn so vi cc ging cn li. Nguyn nhn l do nhng sai st trong qu trnh nh m v cy m.

41

- i vi nng 4 Bng 4.7 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 4 STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn ging Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 93 47 87 87 67 67 80 80 67 93 93 87 73 73 80 T l sng st (%) nng 4 cc NSC 13 NSC 23 NSC 93 0 73 73 53 53 73 73 53 93 93 73 67 67 70 33 NSC 80 0 67 67 40 40 67 67 40 80 87 67 53 53 53 43 NSC 80 0 67 67 40 40 67 67 40 80 87 67 53 53 53 53 NSC 80 0 67 67 40 40 67 67 40 80 87 67 53 53 53

Kt qu ca bng 4.7 cho thy nng 4 TLSS ca cc ging cao nht l giai on 13NSC, bt u gim vo giai on 13- 23NSC v n nh giai on t 33NSC tr v sau. Ring IR 29 vn tip tc gim TLSS v cht hon ton vo giai on 23 NSC.

42

- i vi nng 6 Bng 4.8 TLSS ca 15 ging la nng 6 STT 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn ging Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 T l sng st (%) ca nng 6 cc NSC 13 NSC 73 33 67 80 60 53 60 60 53 73 87 73 73 67 67 23 NSC 60 0 53 53 47 40 47 47 47 67 73 53 53 47 40 33 NSC 53 0 40 33 27 27 40 33 27 43 53 33 33 33 27 43 NSC 53 0 40 33 27 27 40 33 27 43 53 33 33 33 27 53 NSC 53 0 40 33 27 27 40 33 27 43s 53 33 33 33 27

Kt qu bng 4.8 cho thy 13 NSC TLSS ca IR 29 ch cn 33%, ch cn 20% 23 NSC v cht hon ton sau 23 NSC. Hai ging c kh nng chu mn cao nht l Pokkali v OM 6976 cho TLSS 53% 33 NSC. 4.2.3 ng thi tng trng chiu cao Chiu cao cy l c tnh di truyn ca tng ging. Tuy nhin, cc ging thch nghi v chng chu mn tt th c thi gian sng st cao hn v thn cy pht trin hn cc ging khc. -

43

i vi nng 0160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSC cmPokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

th 4.5 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 0 Kt qu ca th 4.5 v bng 7 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 10,6 cm (ging A69-1 NCM) n 27 cm (ging Pokkali), v y l giai on nhnh ca cc ging la. Giai on 33 - 43 ngy tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 4,1 cm (ging OM 9916) n 17 cm (ging Pokkali ) v sau 53 ngy cc ging la khng tng na v tt c cc ging la tr hon ton.

-

44

i vi nng 4cm 160 140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSC

Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605

th 4.6 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 4 Kt qu ca th 4.6 v bng 8 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 14,3 cm (ging OM 5490) n 28,2 cm (ging Pokkali). Giai on 33 - 43 ngy tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 3,9 cm (ging A69-1 NCM) n 17 cm (ging OM 5453) v sau 53 ngy cc ging la khng tng na.

-

45

i vi nng 6140 120 100 80 60 40 20 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSC cmPokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605

th 4.7 ng thi tng trng chiu cao ca 15 ging la nng 6 Kt qu ca th 4.7 v bng 9 ph lc 2 cho thy giai on 13 - 23 NSC hu ht cc ging u c chiu cao tng nhanh nht, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 9,2 cm (ging OM 9605) n 26,9 cm (ging Pokkali). Giai on 33 - 43 ngy tng chm, vi tc tng trng chiu cao bin ng t 3 cm (ging Pokkali) n 14,5 cm (ging OM 5166-S2) v sau 53 ngy cc ging la khng tng na.

46

4.2.4 ng thi nhnh: - i vi nng 0nhnh/bi 16 14 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSCPokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605

th 4.8 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 0 Kt qu ca th 4.8 v bng 10 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging la nhnh tp trung v ti a vo giai on 13 - 23 NSC trong OM 5451 c kh nng nhnh cao nht vi 15 nhnh/bi. Da vo c tnh nhnh ca cc ging la m c k thut canh tc hp l trnh nhnh v hiu.

-

47

i vi nng 4Nhnh/bi 12 10 8 6 4 2 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSCPokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

th 4.9 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 4 Kt qu ca th 4.9 v bng 11 ph lc 2 cho thy cc ging la nhnh tp trung v ti a vo giai on 13- 23 NSC trong ging A69-1 c kh nng nhnh cao nht vi 10,9 nhnh/bi.Giai on ny cng l giai on c tc nhnh cao nht vi 2,5 cm (ging OM 5490).Cc giai on sau tc nhnh u chm li. Giai on 33- 43 NSC cc nhnh v hiu b thoi ha, y l im c trng ca cy la .Ring IR 29 th cht hon ton vo giai on 23 NSC.

-

48

i vi nng 6Nhnh/bi 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 0 13 23 33 43 53 NSCPokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

th 4.10 ng thi nhnh ca 15 ging la nng 6 Kt qu ca th 4.10 v bng 12 ph lc 1 cho thy cc ging la nhnh tp trung v ti a vo giai on 13 - 23 NSC trong ging A69-1 c kh nng nhnh cao nht vi 8,6 nhnh/bi. Ring IR 29 th cht hon ton vo giai on 23 NSC.

49

4.2.5 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut: - i vi nng 0 Bng 4.9 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 0 Tn ging S bng/bi (bng) Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 CV (%) LSD 0,01 mc 0,01 theo php th LSD Tng s ht (ht) 7,0 8,0 10,0 6,0 9,0 9,8 7,0 10,0 9,5 10,5 7,1 8,0 6,5 7,1 6,0 148,7 112,2 199,7 123,3 134,0 127,7 111,7 171,3 156,0 104,0 155,7 153,0 144,3 138,0 170,3 S ht chc/bng (ht) 122,7 98,3 159,6 105,0 100,3 95,6 92,3 133,1 121,0 89,7 121,1 114,7 117,4 102,4 131,6 17 12 20 15 25 25 17 22 22 14 22 25 19 26 23 24 24 26 26 26 26 24 28 26 28 26 26 26 24 22 17,7 b 7,7 10,3 8,5 10,9 13,1 c 8,3 18,6 ab 19,6 a 11,8 d 11,3 de 11,4 de 10,6 9,9 9,3 4,25 1,14 ef fg gh hi def efg hi i T l ht lp (%) Trng lng 1000 ht (gram) Nng sut thc thu (gram/bi)

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha

50

Nng sut thc thu Nng sut thc thu ca su ging bin ng t 7,7 n 19,6 gram/bi. Ging t nng sut cao nht l OM 5490. Ging OM 5464 t nng sut tng ng nhng khng c ngha thng k. Ging IR 29 l ging thu c nng sut thp nht l 7,7 gram/bi. S bng/bi S bng/bi l yu t rt quan trng v c th iu chnh lm tng nng sut la. Ging A69-1 NCM t s bng/bi cao nht l 10,5 bng/bi. Ging OM 9605 t s bng/bi thp nht l 6 bng/bi. Tng s ht/bng Ging A69-1 t tng s ht trn bng cao nht l 199,7 ht. Ging OM 5453 c tng s ht trn bng thp nht l 111,7 ht. S ht chc/bng S ht chc/bng cng l yu t quyt nh n nng sut ca cy la, ph thuc ging, iu kin mi trng v k thut canh tc. S ht chc trn bng bin ng t 89,7 (ging A69-1 NCM ) n 159,6 (ging A69-1). T l ht lp T l ht lp ph thuc rt ln vo mi trng c bit l vo giai on tr. Ging c t l lp thp nht l IR 29 c t l lp l 12%, ging c t l lp cao nht l OM 9916 vi t l lp l 26%. Trng lng 1000 ht Trng lng 1000 ht ph thuc vo yu t di truyn ca ging l ch yu, tuy nhin n vn chu tc ng ca iu kin ngoi cnh. Ging OM 5464 v ging A69-1 NCM l hai ging c trng lng 1000 ht cao nht l 28 gram.

51

- i vi nng 4 Bng 4.10 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 4 ST T Tn ging S bng/ bi (bng) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 5,5 0,0 4,0 4,4 4,7 4,5 4,0 5,9 5,1 5,3 4,0 4,0 3,2 3,2 3,2 Tng s ht /bng (ht) 130,3 0,0 171,2 109,7 120,5 117,3 101,7 134,0 138,2 96,9 145,3 149,8 130,5 128,5 150,9 103,3 0,0 121,5 93,8 88,0 80,6 84,2 100,6 115,4 83,7 111,2 97,5 97,3 100,1 130,3 Ht chc/bng (ht) T l ht lp (%) 21 0 29 14 27 31 17 25 16 14 23 35 25 22 14 Trng lng 1000 ht (gram) 22,0 0,0 22,5 23,5 22,0 22,0 21,0 21,0 20,0 23,5 20,0 22,0 21,0 20,0 20,0 11,6 a 0,0 8,5 b 6,9 def 8,3 bc 7,8 bcde 6,3 8,8 b 6,4 9,0 b 8,1 bcd 6,7 6,1 6,0 f 8,46 1,37 ef f f f g Nng sut thc thu (gram/bi)

7,1 cdef

CV (%) LSD 0,01 mc 1% theo php th LSD

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha Kt qu ca bng 4.10 cho thy nng 4 ging cho nng sut cao nht l Pokkali (11,6 gram/bi). Cc ging A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, A69-1, OM 5199 B, OM 6976, OM 5451 vi nng sut tng ng nhau v bin ng t 7,8 - 9 gram. Nhng khng c ngha v mt thng k. Ging IR 29 cht hon ton sau 23 NSC nn khng thu c nng sut.

52

- i vi nng 6 Bng 4.11 Nng sut v cc yu t cu thnh nng sut nng 6 ST T Tn ging S bng/ bi (bng) 01 02 03 04 05 06 07 08 09 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 4,0 0,0 2,5 2,0 2,3 2,0 2,0 3,0 3,0 3,0 2,0 2,5 2,0 2,0 2,0 83,5 0,0 78,4 73,7 71,3 70,7 70,0 73,0 76,3 83,2 79,9 76,1 69,7 71,2 70,5 48,43 0,00 31,36 40,54 45,63 42,42 44,80 36,50 38,91 50,75 47,94 44,90 35,55 44,14 37,37 42 0 60 45 36 40 36 50 49 39 40 41 49 38 47 Tng s ht (ht) S ht chc/bng (ht) T l ht lp (%) Trng lng 1000 ht (gram) 22 0 22,5 23,5 22 22 21 21 20 23,5 20 22 21 20 20 6,4 a 0,0 4,0 bc 2,7 2,5 4,4 b 3,0 4,1 bc 3,1 4,4 b 3,1 2,5 2,3 2,0 10,64 0,76 de efg fg g de 3,5 cd def efg efg h Nng sut thc thu (gram/bi)

CV (%) LSD0,01 mc 0,01 theo php th LSD

Trong cng mt ct theo sau cc s bi cng mt ch l khc bit khng c ngha Kt qu ca bng 4.11 cho thy nng 6 ging cho nng sut cao nht l Pokkali (6,4 gram/bi). Cc ging OM 6976, OM 5451, OM 5464, A69-1, vi nng sut tng ng nhau v bin ng t 4,0 - 4,4 gram. Nhng khng c ngha v mt thng k. Ging IR 29 cht hon ton sau 23 NSC nn khng thu c nng sut.

53

Chng 5 KT LUN V NGH5.1 Kt lun Thng qua th nghim thanh lc mn trc v sau giai on m ca 15 ging la th nghim vi ba mc thanh lc l 0, 4 v 6 c th kt lun nh sau: 1) 14 ging la u c kh nng chu mn nng t 4- 6 ring IR 29 l ging chun nhim nn b cht hon ton vo giai on sau 23 ngy tin hnh thanh lc. 2) Kh nng chu mn v t l sng st ca cc ging la t l thun vi nhau. Ging c t l sng st cng cao chng t ging cng thch nghi vi iu kin sng. 3) Chiu cao cy v kh nng chu mn t l nghch vi nhau. Nng mui cng cao th chiu cao cy cng gim. 4) Qua kt qu thu c t nng sut ca cc ging la th nghim chn ra c 4 ging la trin vng l OM 6976, A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 c cc c tnh nng hc v hnh thi tt, nng sut vt tri v c kh nng chu mn cao nht so vi cc ging cn li trong th nghim. 5.2 ngh - Tip tc tin hnh thanh lc nhng ging c nh gi c kh nng chu mn nhng vng t mn nh gi kh nng chng chu ca cc ging la chnh xc hn. - Qua kt qu thanh lc mn trc v sau giai on m, cc ging: OM 6976, A69-1 NCM, OM 5464, OM 5451 cho kt qu sng st v nng sut cao, do cn a cc ging ny kho nghim sn xut trn ng rung nhim mn a vo sn xut i tr.

54

TI LIU THAM KHOTing Vit 1. Nguyn Ngc , Gio trnh cy la NXB HQGTPHCM xut bn 2009, 338 trang. 2. Hong Kim, 2010. Bi ging Cy Lng thc (la, ng, sn, khoai lang) lu hnh ni b, Trng i hc Nng Lm TP. H Ch Minh. 279 trang. Dy v hc ti http://cayluongthuc.blogspot.com, http://fa.hcmuaf.edu.vn/hoangkim, http://foodcrops.vn v http://foodcrops.blogspot.com 3. L Minh Trit, 2006. Bi ging mn hc cy la. Cha xut bn, 129 trang. 4. Nguyn Trung, 2009. Bin i kh hu tc ng ra sao n va la sng Cu Long. 5. Nguyn Trung Tin v ctv., 2009. Bo co kt qu thanh lc mn mt s ging lu trin vng ang sn xut, v h thu 2009, tnh Kin Giang. 6. Phm Trung Ngha (2010). Nghin cu chn to ging la chng chu mn v phm cht tt cho ng bng Sng Cu Long v pha Bc. Thuyt minh tng th ti nghin cu khoa hc v pht trin cng ngh, Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long. Internet 1. Faostat, 2011. http://faostat.fao.org/site/339/default.aspx 2. Faostat, 2011. http://faostat.fao.org/site/567/DesktopDefault.aspx?PageID=567#ancor 3. Gentraco, 2011 Tun qua, gi go trn nhiu th trng chu xu th tng mnh. http://www.gentraco.com.vn/vn/tin-tuc/tuan-qua-gia-gao-tren-nhieu-thi-truong-chau-ada-o-xu-the-tang-manh.html 4. Hip hi Lng thc Vit Nam, 2011.Nhng tng trng quan trng. http://www.vietfood.org.vn/vn/newwindow.aspx?n=907 5. Th trng la go, 2011. WSJ gi go c th tng 5-10 USD/tn . http://www.thitruongluagao.com/quoc-te/wsj-gia-gao-co-the-tang-khoang-5-10usdtan.html 6. Tng cc thng k, 2011. Din tch v sn lng la c nm. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&idmid=3&ItemID=10038 7. Tng cc thng k, 2011.Nng sut la c nm phn theo a phng. http://www.gso.gov.vn/default.aspx?tabid=390&idmid=3&ItemID=10036

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PH LCPh lc 1 Hnh nh th nghim

Ph lc 1 hnh 1:Thanh lc mn trong phng bng dung dch Yoshida

56

Ph lc 1 hnh 2: Thanh lc mn giai on m ngoi nh li

57

Ph lc 1 hnh 3: Thanh lc mn sau giai on m.

58

Ph lc 2 Bng th nghim Ph lc 2 Bng 1: Chun b dung dch m ca mi trng Yoshida (Yoshida v ctv, 1976) Nguyn t Macronutrient N P K Ca Mg Micronutrient thm Ha cht Lng cn (g/4Ldd m)

365,6 Ammonium nitrate (NH4NO3) Sodium phosphate, monobasic monohydrate 142,4 (NaH2PO4.H2O) 285,6 Potassium sulfate (K2SO4) 469,4 Calcium sulfate, dehydrate (CaCl2.2H2O) Magnesium sulfate, 7-hydrate (MgSO4.7H2O) 1.296,0 Ha tan ln lt tng nhm cht vi 2L nc ct, sau 6,000 0,296 0,140 3,736 0,124 30,800

200ml H2SO4 cui cng ln th tch 4L. Mn Manganous chloride, 4-hydrate (MnCl2.4H2O) Mo Ammonium molybdate, 4-hydrate [(NH4)6Mo7O24.H2O] Zn Zinc sulfate, 7-hydrate (ZnSO4.7H2O) B Boric acid (H3BO3) Cu Cupric sulfate, 5-hydrate (CuSO4.5H2O) Fe Ferric chloride, 6-hydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) Citric acid, monohydrate (C6H8O7.H2O) 47,60 Ngun : Yoshida v ctv, 1976

59

Ph lc 2 Bng 2: Chun b mi trng dinh dng Yoshida cho thanh lc mn Nguyn t Ha Cht mL stock/ 360l mi trng dinh dng 450 450 450 450 450 Lng c mi trong mi trng (ppm) 40 40 40 40 40 0,50 0,05 0,01 0,20 0,01 2,00

Khong a lng N NH4NO3 P NaH2PO4.H2O K K2SO4 Ca CaCl2.2H2O Mg MgSO4.7H2O Khoang vi lng Mn MnCl2.4H2O Mo (NH4)6Mo7O24.H2O Zn ZnSO4.7H2O B H3BO3 Cu CuSO4.5H2O Fe FeCl3.6H2O Ngun : Yoshida v ctv, 1976 Tn ging Chiu cao cy C (cm) Chiu cao cy (cm) Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605 35,5 17,5 22,0 22,0 24,0 20,0 28,0 23,0 24,5 26,0 20,5 26,0 24,5 20,0 23,0 23,0 11,5 18,3 14,8 16,0 15,8 20,8 17,8 17,8 20,5 17,0 18,5 16,0 17,3 18,0

450

Ph lc 2 Bng 3 Bng so snh t l % chiu cy gim v mc phn cp nng 4 Nng mui 4 chiu cao T l % cy gim so cao gim vi C (cm) (%) 7,8 17,5 2,5 3,8 6,5 3,0 5,3 3,3 5,0 2,3 3,0 2,5 4,8 1,5 2,0 22 100 11 17 27 15 19 14 20 9 15 10 19 8 9 Cp chu mn

5,210 8,093 6,567 5,407 6,615 6,217 7,374 5,725 6,421 8,000 4,600 5,933 5,048 6,552 4,733

60

Ph lc 2 Bng 4. Bng so snh t l % chiu cy gim v mc phn cp nng 6 STT Tn ging Chiu cao cy C (cm) 35,5 17,5 22,0 22,0 24,0 20,0 28,0 23,0 24,5 26,0 20,5 26,0 24,5 20,0 23,0 Chiu cao cy (cm) 25,8 0,0 19,0 15,0 15,8 15,0 19,5 18,3 17,8 22,5 15,8 19,8 16,8 16,5 19,0 Nng mui Chiu cao T l % cy gim so chiu cao vi C (cm) gim (%) 9,8 27 17,5 100 3,0 14 7,0 32 8,3 34 5,0 25 8,5 30 4,8 21 6,8 28 3,5 13 4,8 23 6,3 24 7,8 32 3,5 18 4,0 17 Cp chu mn 6,000 9,000 7,267 6,619 6,769 8,533 8,333 7,917 7,767 8,833 6,857 6,857 6,421 6,829 6,829

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15

Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

61

Ph lc 1 Bng 5. So snh t l % chiu cy gim, t l sng st v mc phn cp nng 4 Tn ging Chiu cao i chng (cm) 68,0 40,5 27,0 35,0 44,0 35,0 35,0 34,0 36,0 39,0 39,0 35,0 41,0 36,0 32,0 Nng 4 Chiu cao (cm) 51,0 0,0 20,8 23,5 28,3 16,5 17,0 18,3 17,3 26,0 20,8 17,0 21,0 15,0 19,8 Chiu cao gim so vi c (cm) 17,0 40,5 6,2 11,5 15,8 18,5 18,0 15,8 18,8 13,0 18,3 18,0 20,0 21,0 12,3 T l chiu cao gim (%) 25 0 23 33 36 53 51 46 52 33 47 51 49 58 38 Cp 3 9 3 3 3 5 5 5 5 3 3 5 5 5 3 T l Cp sng st (%) 83 1 0 9 77 3 70 3 53 5 70 3 53 5 53 5 53 5 80 1 73 3 60 5 53 5 67 3 53 5 TB cp 1-3 9 3 3 3-5 3-5 5 5 5 1-3 3 5 5 3-5 3-5

Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

62

Ph lc 2 Bng 6 So snh t l % chiu cy gim,t l sng st v mc phn cp nng 6 Tn ging Chiu cao i Chiu chng cao (cm) (cm) 68,0 40,5 27,0 35,0 44,0 35,0 35,0 34,0 36,0 39,0 39,0 35,0 41,0 36,0 32,0 48,0 0,0 19,5 20,8 24,5 14,8 15,0 16,5 15,0 23,0 18,0 10,0 19,0 13,8 17,8 Nng 6 Chiu cao T l % gim so chiu cao Cp vi i gim (%) chng (cm) 20,0 29 3 40,5 100 9 7,5 28 3 14,3 41 5 19,5 44 5 20,3 58 5 20,0 57 5 17,5 51 5 21,0 58 5 16,0 41 5 21,0 54 5 25,0 71 7 22,0 54 5 22,3 62 7 14,3 45 5 T l sng st (%) 80 0 67 60 40 47 40 40 33 73 67 40 40 57 40 Cp TB cp

Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM 9585 OM 9916 OM 9605

1 9 3 3 5 5 5 5 7 3 3 5 5 5 5

1-3 9 3 3-5 5 5 5 5 5-7 3-5 3-5 5-7 5 5-7 5

63

Ph lc 2 Bng 7. Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 0 STT Tn ging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 0 13-23 NSC 23-33 NSC 33-43 NSC 43-53NSC 27,0 17,0 5,3 3,4 17,8 9,5 5,8 0,7 19,1 5,6 5,2 3,3 18,0 18,5 9,2 4,0 18,0 9,0 7,5 4,5 17,2 5,2 5,2 3,4 22,6 8,2 6,5 3,0 20,8 14,3 3,8 0,7 13,0 10,5 10,5 8,5 10,6 3,9 3,2 10,5 13,4 5,3 3,9 4,4 11,6 8,2 6,0 4,7 13,2 8,8 5,9 3,3 13,4 4,1 3,2 1,5 26,7 4,8 1,9 0,0

Ph lc 2 Bng 8. Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 4 STT Tn ging 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM 9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 4 13 - 23 NSC 23 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC 28,2 0,7 28,0 11,6 -45,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 19,0 4,1 5,0 4,0 16,8 15,3 11,0 2,7 20,2 7,7 5,0 3,8 15,6 9,2 5,4 5,1 20,5 17,0 4,0 1,7 24,1 8,9 4,0 0,8 14,3 7,2 7,1 7,1 16,8 3,9 3,0 0,0 18,0 13,8 1,0 2,0 15,8 9,7 3,0 3,0 15,7 5,0 5,0 0,0 15,9 10,2 3,0 2,8 14,6 13,9 2,0 0,0

64

Ph lc 2 Bng 9 Tc tng trng chiu cao nng 6 Tc tng trng chiu cao cc NSC ca 6 STT Tn ging 13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43-53NSC Pokkali 1 26,9 3,0 20,0 5,0 IR 29 2 -40,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 A69-1 3 10,5 8,5 7,8 0,0 OM 5166-S2 4 19,5 14,5 14,2 1,5 OM 5199 B 5 12,1 11,7 2,9 2,0 OM 5451 6 9,5 8,3 5,4 3,8 OM 5453 7 11,3 11,3 2,5 0,0 OM 5464 8 13,4 13,3 7,0 0,0 OM 5490 9 12,7 9,8 0,3 0,0 A69-1 NCM 10 16,6 3,2 4,0 4,0 OM 6976 11 14,7 9,4 5,8 0,0 12 OM 9584-2 10,5 10,1 7,2 0,0 13 OM 9585 16,3 12,3 1,1 0,0 14 OM 9916 17,6 6,5 4,3 0,0 15 OM 9605 9,2 15,0 2,9 0,0 Ph lc 2 Bng 10 Tc nhnh nng 0 Tc nhnh nng 0 STT Tn ging 13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC Pokkali 1 2,2 -1,2 -1,3 -0,2 IR 29 2 1,2 -2,7 -0,6 0,0 A69-1 3 2,4 -4,8 0,0 0,0 OM 5166-S2 4 0,9 -2,2 -0,3 0,0 OM 5199 B 5 0,0 -1,4 -1,8 0,0 OM 5451 6 2,8 -2,8 -2,4 0,0 OM 5453 7 0,7 -2,0 0,0 0,0 OM 5464 8 1,2 -1,4 -0,2 0,0 OM 5490 9 3,0 -3,0 -1,0 0,0 A69-1 NCM 10 1,2 -1,4 -0,5 0,0 OM 6976 11 0,8 -0,6 -1,1 0,0 12 OM9584-2 0,8 -0,8 -2,2 0,0 13 OM9585 1,1 -0,7 -1,9 0,0 14 OM 9916 1,7 -0,8 -1,9 0,0 15 OM9605 1,2 -0,8 -1,0 0,0

65

Ph lc 1 Bng 11 Tc nhnh nng 4 Tc nhnh nng 4 STT Tn ging 13 - 23 NSC 23 - 33 NSC 33 - 43 NSC 43 - 53 NSC Pokkali 1 1,9 -1,0 -2,0 -1,0 IR 29 2 -5,4 0,0 0,0 0,0 A69-1 3 1,1 -2,4 -2,4 0,0 OM 5166-S2 4 -0,3 -0,6 -1,0 0,0 OM 5199 B 5 -1,0 -3,4 -3,0 0,0 OM 5451 6 2,0 1,0 -3,0 0,0 OM 5453 7 0,5 -1,0 -1,0 0,0 OM 5464 8 1,0 0,5 -1,0 0,0 OM 5490 9 2,5 0,8 -2,0 0,0 A69-1 NCM 10 1,0 0,8 -1,0 0,0 OM 6976 11 0,5 0,5 -2,0 0,0 12 OM 9584-2 0,4 -1,0 -3,0 0,0 13 OM 9585 1,0 -3,5 -3,5 0,0 14 OM 9916 0,7 0,4 -2,5 0,0 15 OM 9605 1,0 0,5 -2,0 0,0 Ph lc 1 Bng 12 Tc nhnh nng 6 Tc nhnh nng 6 STT Tn ging 13-23 NSC 23-33 NSC 33-43 NSC 43-53 NSC Pokkali 1 1,8 0,0 -1,0 0,0 IR 29 2 -5,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 A69-1 3 1,6 -2,6 -1,0 0,0 OM 5166-S2 4 1,2 -1,0 -1,4 0,0 OM 5199 B 5 0,6 0,0 -2,6 0,0 OM 5451 6 0,5 1,0 -2,1 -1,0 OM 5453 7 1,2 0,0 -0,8 0,0 OM 5464 8 2,8 -1,8 -2,0 0,0 OM 5490 9 3,0 -1,7 -1,3 0,0 A69-1 NCM 10 0,6 -1,4 -1,0 0,0 OM 6976 11 2,0 0,0 -1,5 0,0 12 OM 9584-2 0,7 -0,8 -1,5 0,0 13 OM 9585 -2,6 0,2 -1,0 0,0 14 OM 9916 1,1 -2,7 0,0 0,0 15 OM 9605 2,8 -3,9 0,0 0,0

66

Ph lc 3: S liu x l thng k v ti liu lin quan Ph lc 3 Bng 1: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 0 STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn ging Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 Nng sut thc thu mui 0 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Trung bnh 17,9 18,2 17,1 17,7 7,5 8,0 7,5 7,7 10,4 10,0 10,6 10,3 9,0 8,5 8,5 8,0 11,2 11,0 10,5 10,9 13,4 13,0 12,8 13,1 8,0 9,0 8,0 8,3 18,3 18,5 19,0 18,6 20,0 19,0 19,8 19,6 12,3 11,0 12,0 11,8 11,4 10,5 12,0 11,3 11,7 11,5 11,0 11,4 10,0 10,7 11,0 10,6 9,1 10,5 10,0 9,9 9,0 9,8 9,0 9,3

67

Data file: Title:

Dng Kim Lin Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui

0Function: ANOVA-1 Data case no. 1 to 45 One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT) with values from 1 to 15. Variable 2 (NS) A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E T A B L E Degrees of Sum of Mean Freedom Squares Square F-value Prob. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Between 14 596.068 42.576 165.452 0.0000 Within 30 7.720 0.257 --------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 44 603.788 Coefficient of Variation = 4.25% Var. V A R I A B L E No. 2 1 Number Sum Average SD SE -----------------------------------------------------------------1 3.00 53.200 17.733 0.57 0.29 2 3.00 23.000 7.667 0.29 0.29 3 3.00 31.000 10.333 0.31 0.29 4 3.00 25.500 8.500 0.50 0.29 5 3.00 32.700 10.900 0.36 0.29 6 3.00 39.200 13.067 0.31 0.29 7 3.00 25.000 8.333 0.58 0.29 8 3.00 55.800 18.600 0.36 0.29 9 3.00 58.800 19.600 0.53 0.29 10 3.00 35.300 11.767 0.68 0.29 11 3.00 33.900 11.300 0.75 0.29 12 3.00 34.200 11.400 0.36 0.29 13 3.00 31.700 10.567 0.51 0.29 14 3.00 29.600 9.867 0.71 0.29 15 3.00 27.800 9.267 0.46 0.29 -----------------------------------------------------------------Total 45.00 536.700 11.927 3.70 0.55 Within 0.51 Bartlett's test --------------Chi-square = 4.707 Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14 Approximate significance = 0.989

Dng Kim Lin Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui 0Data File : Case Range : 48 - 62 Variable 2 : NS Function : RANGE

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Error Mean Square = 0.2570 Error Degrees of Freedom = 30 No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3 Least Significant Difference Test LSD value = 1.138 at alpha = 0.010 Original Order Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 17.73 7.667 10.33 8.500 10.90 13.07 8.333 18.60 19.60 11.77 11.30 11.40 10.57 9.867 9.267 B I Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Ranked Order 9 8 1 6 10 12 11 5 13 3 14 15 4 7 2 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 19.60 18.60 17.73 13.07 11.77 11.40 11.30 10.90 10.57 10.33 9.867 9.267 8.500 8.333 7.667 A AB B C D DE DE DEF EF EFG FG GH HI HI I

EFG HI DEF C HI AB A D DE DE EF FG GH

Ph lc 3 Bng 2: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 4 STT 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 Tn ging Pokkali IR 29 A69-1 OM 5166-S2 OM 5199 B OM 5451 OM 5453 OM 5464 OM 5490 A69-1 NCM OM 6976 OM9584-2 OM9585 OM 9916 OM9605 Nng sut thc thu nng mui 4 Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Trung bnh 12,6 10,3 11,9 11,6 0,0 0,0 0,0 0,0 9,7 9,0 9,3 9,3 6,5 6,8 7,3 6,9 8,7 7,9 8,2 8,3 9,0 8,5 8,0 8,5 6,7 6,0 6,3 6,3 9,3 8,5 8,7 8,8 6,9 6,0 6,4 6,4 10,0 9,3 9,5 9,6 8,5 8,0 7,8 8,1 8,7 8,0 7,5 8,1 8,0 7,5 8,4 8,0 6,0 6,4 6,0 6,1 6,0 5,5 6,3 5,9

69

Data file: Title:

Dng Kim Lin Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui

4Function: ANOVA-1 Data case no. 1 to 45 One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT) with values from 1 to 15. Variable 2 (NS) A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E T A B L E Degrees of Sum of Mean Freedom Squares Square F-value Prob. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Between 14 256.646 18.332 49.575 0.0000 Within 30 11.093 0.370 --------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 44 267.739 Coefficient of Variation = 8.46% Var. V A R I A B L E No. 2 1 Number Sum Average SD SE -----------------------------------------------------------------1 3.00 34.800 11.600 1.18 0.35 2 3.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.35 3 3.00 25.600 8.533 0.91 0.35 4 3.00 20.600 6.867 0.40 0.35 5 3.00 24.800 8.267 0.40 0.35 6 3.00 23.500 7.833 0.76 0.35 7 3.00 19.000 6.333 0.35 0.35 8 3.00 26.500 8.833 0.42 0.35 9 3.00 19.300 6.433 0.45 0.35 10 3.00 27.000 9.000 0.50 0.35 11 3.00 24.300 8.100 0.36 0.35 12 3.00 20.200 6.733 0.25 0.35 13 3.00 18.200 6.067 0.60 0.35 14 3.00 21.400 7.133 1.03 0.35 15 3.00 18.100 6.033 0.25 0.35 -----------------------------------------------------------------Total 45.00 323.300 7.184 2.47 0.37 Within 0.61 Bartlett's test --------------Chi-square = 31.016 Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14 Approximate significance = 0.006 WARNING: One or more factor levels have a variance of zero. This will cause a large Chi-Square value.

70

Dng Kim Lin Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui 4Data File : Case Range : 52 - 66 Variable 2 : NS Function : RANGE Error Mean Square = 0.3700 Error Degrees of Freedom = 30 No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3 Least Significant Difference Test LSD value = 1.366 at alpha = 0.010 Original Order Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 11.60 0.0000 8.533 6.867 8.267 7.833 6.333 8.833 6.433 9.000 8.100 6.733 6.067 7.133 6.033 A B G Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Ranked Order 1 10 8 3 5 11 6 14 4 12 9 7 13 15 2 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 11.60 9.000 8.833 8.533 8.267 8.100 7.833 7.133 6.867 6.733 6.433 6.333 6.067 6.033 0.0000 A B B B BC BCD BCDE CDEF DEF EF F F F F G

DEF BC BCDE F B F B BCD EF F CDEF F

71

Ph lc 2 Bng 3: Nng sut thc thu nng mui 6 Nng sut thc thu nng mui 6 STT Tn ging Rep 1 Rep 2 Rep 3 Trung bnh Pokkali 6,5 1 6,7 6,0 6,4 IR 29 0,0 2 0,0 0,0 0,0 A69-1 4,0 3 4,3 3,7 4,0 OM 5166-S2 4 3,0 2,7 2,5 2,7 OM 5199 B 3,0 5 2,5 2,0 2,5 OM 5451 4,0 6 4,9 4,2 4,4 OM 5453 3,0 7 3,2 2,8 3,0 OM 5464 3,9 8 4,3 4,0 4,1 OM 5490 2,8 9 3,0 3,5 3,1 A69-1 NCM 3,7 10 4,0 3,0 3,6 OM 6976 4,0 11 4,5 4,7 4,4 3,0 12 OM 9584-2 3,0 3,3 3,1 3,0 13 OM 9585 2,5 2,0 2,5 2,0 14 OM 9916 2,6 2,2 2,3 2,0 15 OM9605 2,0 2,1 2,0

72

Data file: Title:

Dng Kim Lin Bng Anova nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng

mui 6Function: ANOVA-1 Data case no. 1 to 45 One way ANOVA grouped over variable 1 (NT) with values from 1 to 15. Variable 2 (NS) A N A L Y S I S O F V A R I A N C E T A B L E Degrees of Sum of Mean Freedom Squares Square F-value Prob. --------------------------------------------------------------------------Between 14 84.890 6.064 52.272 0.0000 Within 30 3.480 0.116 --------------------------------------------------------------------------Total 44 88.370 Coefficient of Variation = 10.64% Var. V A R I A B L E No. 2 1 Number Sum Average SD SE -----------------------------------------------------------------1 3.00 19.200 6.400 0.36 0.20 2 3.00 0.000 0.000 0.00 0.20 3 3.00 12.000 4.000 0.30 0.20 4 3.00 8.200 2.733 0.25 0.20 5 3.00 7.500 2.500 0.50 0.20 6 3.00 13.100 4.367 0.47 0.20 7 3.00 9.000 3.000 0.20 0.20 8 3.00 12.200 4.067 0.21 0.20 9 3.00 9.300 3.100 0.36 0.20 10 3.00 10.700 3.567 0.51 0.20 11 3.00 13.200 4.400 0.36 0.20 12 3.00 9.300 3.100 0.17 0.20 13 3.00 7.500 2.500 0.50 0.20 14 3.00 6.800 2.267 0.31 0.20 15 3.00 6.100 2.033 0.06 0.20 -----------------------------------------------------------------Total 45.00 144.100 3.202 1.42 0.21 Within 0.34 Bartlett's test --------------Chi-square = 27.741 Number of Degrees of Freedom = 14 Approximate significance = 0.015 WARNING: One or more factor levels have a variance of zero. This will cause a large Chi-Square value.

73

Dng Kim Lin Title : Trc nghim phn hng nng sut thc thu (gram/bi) ca 15 ging la nng mui 6Data File : Case Range : 53 - 67 Variable 2 : NS Function : RANGE Error Mean Square = 0.1160 Error Degrees of Freedom = 30 No. of observations to calculate a mean = 3 Least Significant Difference Test LSD value = 0.7647 at alpha = 0.010 Original Order Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6.400 0.0000 4.000 2.733 2.500 4.367 3.000 4.067 3.100 3.567 4.400 3.100 2.500 2.267 2.033 A BC B H EFG EFG Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Mean Ranked Order 1 11 6 8 3 10 9 12 7 4 5 13 14 15 2 = = = = = = = = = = = = = = = 6.400 4.400 4.367 4.067 4.000 3.567 3.100 3.100 3.000 2.733 2.500 2.500 2.267 2.033 0.0000 A B B BC BC CD DE DE DEF EFG EFG EFG FG G H

DEF BC DE CD B DE EFG FG G

74

Ph lc 4: 8 ging la mi thch nghi vi bin i kh hu do Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long va lai to thnh cng. 1. Ging OM 6976 Ngun gc: Ging la OM 6976 c chn t t hp lai IR68144/OM997/OM2718, y l ging c hm lng vi cht dinh dng st trong go kh cao. Ging OM 6976 l ging la trin vng mi c gii thiu trong v H thu 2009. c tnh: - Thi gian sinh trng: 95 100 ngy. - Chiu cao cy: 95 - 100cm, dng hnh p, rt cng cy, nhnh t, bng to chm, ng ht dy. - Chng chu Ry nu v bnh o n tt, chng chu bnh vng ln - ln xon l kh. - Nng sut trung bnh v ng xun: 7 - 9 tn/ha, H thu: 5,0 - 6,0 tn/ha. - Trng lng 1.000 ht: 25 - 26g. - Ht go di trung bnh, trong, t bc bng, cm vn cn hi mm khi ngui. - Ging thuc nhm la bng to, thch nghi rng trn nhiu loi t, t ph sa ngt n phn nng. - Tim nng nng sut OM 6976 cao v n nh trong c 2 v ng xun v H thu. Nng dn canh tc ging OM 6976 cn c bin php bn phn hoc phun thuc nui ht tng t l ht chc.

75

2. Ging OM 5464 Ngun gc: Ging la OM 5464 c chn t t hp lai OM 3242/OM2490. y l ging la trin vng mi c nng dn a thch v c canh tc kh nhiu trong mt vi v gn y ti BSCL. c tnh: - Thi gian sinh trng: 85 - 90 ngy. - Chiu cao cy: 80 - 90 cm, dng hnh p, nhnh kh, bng ng ht trung bnh, t l chc cao. - Chng chu Ry nu v bnh o n tt, chng chu bnh vng ln - ln xon l kh. - Nng sut trung bnh: v ng xun: 6 - 8 tn/ha, v H thu : 5 - 6 tn/ha. Tim nng nng sut ca ging la ny kh cao v n nh trong c 2 v ng xun v H thu. - Trng lng 1.000 ht trung bnh: 25 - 26g. - Ht go di, trong, t bc bng, cm kh khi ngui. - y l ging la d canh tc, thch hp trn nhiu loi t, chng chu iu kin nhim mn khong 0,3 - 0,4%. 3. Ging OM 6904 c chn t t hp lai OM5464/OM5472. Ging la ny c thi gian sinh trng t 85 - 90 ngy, chiu cao cy 94 99 cm; trng lng 1.000 ht l 27 gam. Ht di 7mm, nng sut trung bnh 6 - 7 tn/ha. Hi khng ry nu, hi khng o n, t nhim bnh vang ln ln xon l; thch nghi vng t phn mn.

76

4. Ging OM 6377 Ngun gc: Ging la OM 6377 do Vin La BSCL to chn, c ngun gc t t hp lai IR64/TYPE3-123, t dng trin vng c chn bng marker. y l ging la trin vng mi c gii thiu. c tnh: - Thi gian sinh trng: 95 -100 ngy. - Chiu cao cy : 85 - 90 cm. Cng cy, nhnh kh; l c trung bnh, thng; bng di, hi khoe bng. - Nhim Ry nu (cp 4 - 3), hi khng chy l, khng vng ln. - Nng sut trung bnh v ng Xun: 68 tn/ ha, H Thu: 4,0 - 5,0 tn/ ha. - Trng lng 1000 ht: 28-29 g. - Ht di 7,1 mm; hm lng amylose 24,3%. Ht go di, trong, t bc bng; t l ht chc cao, go p. - Thch nghi c 2 v ng Xun v H Thu 5. Ging OM 6932 c chn t t hp lai OM 4088/OM 5472 vi thi gian sinh trng 90 ngy; chiu cao cy 100-108cm; trng lng 1.000 ht 28 gam. Ht di 7mm, nng sut 6-7 tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 5), hi nhim o n (cp 5); t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l; thch nghi vng t phn mn.

77

6. Ging OM 6677 Ngun gc: Ging la OM 6677 c chn t t hp lai M22/AS996 do Vin La ng Bng Sng Cu Long va lai to thnh cng, thch nghi cho vng t phn mn c tnh: - Thi gian sinh trng 90 - 95 ngy. - Chiu cao cy 107 - 116 cm - Hi khng Ry nu (cp 5) v o n (cp 5), t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l - Nng sut trung bnh 6 - 7 tn/ha - Trng lng 1.000 ht: 27gam. - Ht di 7mm, go p mm cm, hm lng amylose 24,8%. 7. Ging OM 8923 c chn t t hp lai NCM/OM4059; thi gian sinh trng 90-95 ngy, chiu cao cy 102-107cm; trng lng ht: 25,9 gam. Ht di 7mm, go p, mm cm, Amylose 23%; nng sut 7 - 8 tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 5), hi khng o n (cp 3), t nhim bnh vng ln ln xon l; thch nghi cho vng t phn mn. 8. Ging OM 5981 c chn t t hp lai IR28/AS996; thi gian sinh trng 95-98 ngy, chiu cao cy 100-103cm; trng lng 1.000 ht: 27,5 gam. Ht di 7mm, go p, mm cm, Amylose 24,8%, nng sut 5-7 tn/ha; hi khng ry nu (cp 3), hi khng