ii

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MC LCMC LCiDANH MC CC HNH V, BNG S LIUiiiCC THUT NG VIT TTivLI NI U- 1 -CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V MNG QUANG TH NG (PON)- 3 -M u- 3 -Kin trc ca PON- 6 -Cc h thng PON ang c trin khai- 8 -

APON/BPON-8-GPON-9-EPON-10-WDM-PON-10-Nhn xt-11 -

Kt lun-13 -

CHNG 2. CNG NGH MNG QUANG TH NG GPON- 15 -Gii thiu chung-15 -Tnh hnh chun ha GPON-15 -Kin trc GPON-17-Thng s k thut-23 -K thut truy nhp v phng thc ghp knh-24-

K thut truy nhp-24-Phng thc ghp knh-25-Phng thc ng gi d liu-26 -nh c v phn nh bng tn ng:-27 -Bo mt v m ha sa li-32-Kh nng cung cp bng thng-33-Kh nng cung cp dch v- 34 -Mt s vn cn quan tm trong tnh ton thit k mng GPON- 36 -Kt lun-37-

CHNG 3. TRIN KHAI GPON TRN MNG VIN THNG H NI - 39 -Hin trng mng truy nhp bng rng ca Vin thng HN- 39 -Mc ch xy dng mng GPON:- 43 -Kho st nhu cu s dng cc dch v mng cp quang ca khch hng trn

a bn TP H ni:- 45 -Nhu cu dch v vin thng ca cc c quan ng, Chnh ph- 45 -Nhu cu dch v vin thng ca khi cc doanh nghip, t chc, gio

dc o to-46-Nhu cu ca ni b Vin thng H ni-47-Xy dng cu trc mng GPON Vin thng H ni:-48-Nguyn tc xy dng mng:-48-Xy dng mng cho VNPT H ni:-52- xut dch v trin khai trn mng GPON VTHN:-66-Dch v IPTV:-66-Dch v truy nhp Internet tc cao-66-Dch v kt ni VPN:-67-Dch v kt ni mng im - a im:-67-

CHNG 4. KT LUN V HNG NGHIN cu TIP THEO- 68 -Kt lun-68-Hng nghin cu tip theo-69-

TI LIU THAM KHO-70-

PH LC 1: Tng hp thit b GPON nm 2009-2010 ca Vin thng H ni(H ni c)PH LC 2: Tng hp thit b GPON nm 2009-2010 ca Vin thng H ni (KV H Ty c)#

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DANH MC CC HNH V, BNG S LIUHnh 1-1: M hnh mng quang th ng- 7Hnh 1-2: Cc kiu kin trc ca PON- 8Hnh 2-1: Kin trc mng GPON- 17Hnh 2-2: Cc khi chc nng ca OLT-19Hnh 2-3: Cc khi chc nng ca ONU-20Hnh 2-4: Cc b ghp 8x8 c to ra t cc b ghp 2x2-21Hnh 2-5: cu trc c bn mng cp quang thu bao-22Hnh 2-6: TDMA GPON-25Hnh 2-7: GPON Ranging pha 1-28Hnh 2-8: GPON Ranging pha 2-29Hnh 2-9: Bo co v phn b bng thng trong GPON- 31Hnh 2-10: Th tc cp pht bng thng trong GPON-32Hnh 3-1: cu trc mng MAN-E ca Vin thngH ni-41Bng 3-2: Bng ch s bng thng- 55Bng 3-3: Tnh ton bng thng chi tit cho mng GPON Vin thng H ni - 56Bng 3-4: Danh sch cc trm OLT - GPON- 58Bng 3-5: s lng thit b ti khu vc H Ni (c)-61Bng 3-6: s lng thit b ti khu vc H Ty (c)-62Hnh 3-7: cu trc mng FTTx- GPON ca Vin thng H ni-64Hnh 3-8: cu trc mng FTTx-GPON khu vc inh Tin Hong-65#

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CC THUT NG VIT TTCh vit ttTing AnhTing VitADMAdd Drop MultiplexerB ghp knh xen rAPONATM Passive Optical NetvvorkMng quang th ng dng ATMATMAsynchronous Tranfer ModeCh truyn ti khng ng bAUIAttchment Unit InterfaceCp ni vi thit bBERBit Error RateT l bit liCapexCapital ExpenditrureChi ph u t ban uCDMCode Division MultiplexingGhp knh theo mCECustomer EquipmentThit b khch hngCIRConstant Inrmation RateTc thng tin tt nhtCOCentral OfficeTng i trung tmCRCCyclic Redundancy CheckKim tra vng dCSMA/CDCarrier sense Multiple access collision detecta truy nhp cm nhn sng mang/tch xung tDADestination Addressa ch chDCEData Communications EquipmentThit b thng tin s liuDCSDigital CrossconectB ni cho sDFSMDispersion Flattened single ModeSi tn sc phangDLCDigital Loop CarrierSng mang vng sDSLDigital Subcriber LoopVng thu bao sDSSMDispersion Shifted Single ModeSi tn sc dch chuynDTEData Terminal EquipmentThit b u cui s liuDWDMDense Wavelength Division MultiplexingGhp bc sng vi mt caoE-LANEthernet Local Area NetvvorkMng LAN EthernetE-LineEthernet Lineng EthernetEMSElement Management SystemPhn t qun l h thng

Mng quang th ng dng EthernetEPONEthernet Passive Optical NetvvorkEVCEthernet Virtual ConnectionFCSFrame Check SequenceFDMFrequency Division MultiplexingFSANFull Service Access NetvvorkFTTBFiber to the BuildingFTTCFiber to the CurbFTTHFiber to the HomeHFCHybrid Fiber Coax TeleVision SystemIFGInter Frame GapIPInternet ProtocolIPGInter Packet GapISOInternational Organization for StandardizationLANLocal Area NetworkLLCLogical Link ControlLMDSLocal MultiPoint Disttribution SystemLTELine Terminal EquipmentMACMedium Access ControlMANMetro Area NetworkMAUMedia Access UnitMDIMedium Dependent InteraceMEFMetro Ethernet ForumMENMetro Ethernet NetvvorkMIBManagement Inormation BaseMHMedium Independent

Ket ni o Ethernet Dy bit kim tra khung Ghp knh theo tn sTp dch v mng truy nhpCp quang ni n to nhCp quang ni n cm dn cCp quang ni tn nhH thng phn phi tn hiu truyn hnh lai ghp cp quang-cp ng trcKhong cch gia hai khung lin k Giao thc Internet Khong cch hai gi lin k T chc tiu chun quc tMng ni biu khin lin kt logicH thng phn b a im cc bThit b kt cui ng dyiu khin truy nhp mi trngMng din rngKhi truy nhp mi trngGiao din c lp mi trngDin n v Ethernet trong mng din rngMng din rng dng Ethernet C s thng tin qun lGiao din ph thuc mi trng

Interace

MMDSMulti Channel Multi Point distribution SystemH thng phn b a knh, a imMPCPMultiPoint Control ProtocolGiao thc iu khin a imMPLSMulti Protocol Label SwitchingChuyn mch nhn a giao thcNICNetwork Interace cardsCard giao din mngNLPNormal Link PulseXung bo hiu lin kt bnh thngOLTOptical Line TerminalThit b kt cui ng quangONUOptical Network TerminalThit b kt cui mng quangPCSPhysical Coding SublayerLp con m ho vt lPDUProtocol Data Unitsn v s liu giao thcPMAPhysical Layer AttachmentTruy nhp lp vt lPMDPhysical Medium DependentPh thuc mi trng vt lPONPassive Optical NetworkMng quang th ngPVCPermanent Virtual CircuitMch o bn c nhSASource Address.a ch ngunSFDStart of Frame DelimiterRanh gii bt u khungSMEStation Management EntityThc th qun l trmSMFSingle Mode FiberSi quang n modeSSMStandard Single ModeSi n mode chunTCPTransport Control ProtocolGiao thc iu khin truyn tiTDMTime Division MultiplexingGhp knh theo thi gianUNIUser Network InteraceGiao din mng-ngi dngUTPUnshielded Twisted PairCp trn xon iVLANVirtual Local Area NetworkMng LAN oVPNVirtual Private NetworkMng ring oWANWide Area NetworkMng din rngWDMWavelength Di Vision MultiplexingGhp knh theo bc sng

LI NI UVNPT hin l nh cung cp dch v vin thng hng u vi h tng mng li rng khp c nc v cung cp nhiu loi dch v vin thng. Mng truy nhp bng rng hin ti ca VNPT ch yu da trn h tng mng truy nhp cp ng s dng cng ngh xDSL, v c bn mi ch p ng cho cc dch v truy nhp tc di 2 Mbis. S pht trin ca cc khu vc kinh t nh: khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu thng mi, chung c cao cp, ... cng vi s pht trin ngy cng ln mnh ca cc t chc kinh t nh: ngn hng, kho bc, cng ty, ... to ra nhu cu rt ln trong vic s dng cc dch v tin ch tch hp thoi, hnh nh v d liu. Bn cnh , cc dch v ng dng trn Internet ngy cng phong ph v pht trin vi tc nhanh chng nh cc dch v mua bn trc tuyn, ngn hng, cc dch v o to t xa, game trc tuyn,... c bit nhu cu v cc loi dch v gia tng tch hp thoi, hnh nh v d liu ang ngy cng tng. S pht trin ca cc loi hnh dch v mi, i hi h tng mng truy nhp phi p ng cc yu cu v bng thng rng, tc truy nhp cao. Cng ngh truy nhp cp ng in hnh nh xDSL c trin khai rng ri, tuy nhin nhng hn ch v c ly v tc khng p ng c yu cu dch v. V vy nghin cu trin khai cc gii php truy nhp quang l vn cp thit hin nay nhm xy dng h tng mng truy nhp p ng cung cp cc dch v bng rng cht lng cao. Qua cng t ra nhng vn cn gii quyt cp bch i vi mng truy nhp ca VNPT. Do vy, nghin cu trin khai gii php truy nhp mi nhm chim lnh th trng dch v mi l rt cn thit i vi VNPT.Cng ngh truy nhp quang th ng GPON c ITU chun ha, hin nay l mt trong nhng cng ngh c u tin la chn cho trin khai mng truy nhp ti nhiu nc trn th gii. GPON l cng ngh hng ti cung cp dch v mng y , tch hp thoi, hnh nh v s liu vi bng thng ln tc cao. Do vy GPON s l cng ngh truy nhp la chn trin khai hin ti v tng lai.-#-

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GPON chnh l gii php ph hp nht i vi h tng mng hin ti ca VNPT v ngy 23/7/2008, VNPT c quyt nh s 2039/Q-VT v/v Trin khai mng truy nhp quang th ng (GPON).Lun vn Nghin cu trin khai cng ngh GPON trn mng Vin thng H ni nhm mc ch tm hiu nhng c im k thut c bn ca cng ngh GPON, qua xut cu hnh mng GPON ca Vin thng H ni. Lun vn thc hin gm 04 chng:Chng 1 trnh by tng quan v mng PON v gii thiu v cc h thng PON hin ang c trin khai.Chng 2 trnh by tng quan v cng ngh GPON, trong nghin cu cc vn v cu trc khung, nh c v phn nh bng tn ng l cc vn trng tm. Chng 3 l cc xut v m hnh t chc mng GPON cho VNPT H ni.Cui cng l phn kt lun v hng nghin cu tip theo ca lun vn.CHNG 1. TNG QUAN V MNG QUANG TH NG(PON)M uMng vin thng thng c cu thnh bi ba mng chnh: mng ng trc, mng pha khch hng v mng truy nhp. Trong nhng nm gn y, mng ng trc c nhng bc pht trin nhy vt do s xut hin ca cc cng ngh mi, nh cng ngh ghp knh theo bc sng (WDM). Cng trong khong thi gian ny, mng ni ht (LAN) cng c ci tin v nng cp t tc 10 Mb/s ln 100 Mb/s, v n 1 Gb/s. Thm ch, cc sn phm Ethernet 10 Gb/s cng bt u xut hin trn th trng. iu ny dn n mt s chnh lch rt ln v bng thng gia mt bn l mng LAN tc cao v mng ng trc v mt bn l mng truy nhp tc thp, m chng ta vn thng gi l nt c chai (bottleneck) trong mng vin thng. Vic bng n lu lng Internet trong thi gian va qua cng lm trm trng thm cc vn ca mng truy nhp tc thp. Cc bo co thng k cho thy lu lng d liu tng 100% mi nm k t nm 1990. Thm ch, s kt hp gia cc yu t kinh t v cng ngh to ra nhng thi im m tc pht trin t ti 1000% trong mt nm (vo nhng nm 1995 v 1996). Xu hng ny vn s cn tip tc trong tng lai, tc l cng ngy s cng c nhiu ngi s dng trc tuyn v nhng ngi s dng trc tuyn th thi gian trc tuyn s cng nhiu hn, do vy nhu cu v bng thng li cng tng ln. Cc nghin cn th trng cho thy rng, sau khi nng cp ln cng ngh bng rng, thi gian trc tuyn ca ngi s dng tng ln 35% so vi trc khi nng cp. Lu lng thoi cng tng ln, nhng vi tc thp hn nhiu, khong 8% mi nm. Theo hu ht cc bo co phn tch, lu lng ca d liu hin nay vt tri hn rt nhiu so vi lun lng thoi. Cng ngy s cng c nhiu dch v v cc ng dng mi c trin khai khi bng thng dnh cho ngi s dng tng ln. ng trc tnh hnh , mt s cng ngh mi c a ra nhm p ng nhng i hi v bng tn.

Hin ti, cc nh cung cp dch v trin khai cung cp dch v Internet bng cng ngh ng dy thu bao s DSL. DSL s dng i dy ging nh dy in thoi, v yu cu phi c mt modem DSL t ti thu bao v DSLAM t ti tng i. Tc d liu ca DSL nm trong khong t 128 Kb/s n 1,5 Mb/s. Mc d tc ca n tng ng k so vi modem tng t, nhng kh c th c coi l bng rng do khng cung cp c cc dch v video, thoi, d liu cho cc thu bao xa. Khong cch t tng i n theo bao ch trong phm vi 5,5 km. Ta c th tng khong cch ny bng gii php trin khai thm nhiu DSLAM n gn thu bao, nhng y l mt gii php khng hiu qu do chi ph qu cao.Mt gii php khc c a ra l s dng cp modem. Cc cng ty cp TV cung cp cc dch v Internet bng cch trin khai cc dch v tch hp d liu trn mng cp ng trc, m ban u c thit k truyn dn tn hiu video tng t. V d, mng HFC s c si quang ni t cc u dn hay cc hub n cc nt quang, v t cc nt quang s phn chia n cc thu bao thng qua cp ng trc, b lp v cc b ghp/tch. Tuy nhin, m hnh kin trc ny c nhc im l thng lng hiu dng ca cc nt quang khng qu 36 Mb/s, v vy tc thng rt thp vo nhng gi cao im.Nh vy, chng ta thy rng c cng ngh DSL v cp modem u khng p ng c nhng yu cu v bng thng cho mng truy nhp. Hu ht cc nh cng ngh mng hin nay u ang tin ti mt cng ngh mi, tp trung ch yu vo truyn ti d liu, c bit l d liu IP. Trong bi cnh , cng ngh PON s l mt gii php ti u cho mng truy nhp bng rng. Ngi ta trng i mng PON s gii quyt c cc vn tc nghn bng thng ca mng truy nhp trong kin trc mng vin thng, gia mt bn l cc nh cung cp dch v co, cc im kt cui, cc im truy nhp v mt bn l cc cng ty c cung cp dch v, hay mt khu vc tp trung cc thu bao.Mng quang th ng c th nh ngha mt cch ngn gn nh sau: Mng quang th ng (PON) l mt mng quang khng c cc phn t in hay cc thit b quang in t.Nh vy vi khi nim ny, mng PON s khng cha bt k mt phn t tch cc no m cn phi c s chuyn i in - quang. Thay vo , PON s ch bao gm: si quang, cc b chia, b kt hp, b ghp nh hng, thu knh, b lc,... iu ny gip cho PON c mt s u im nh: khng cn ngun in cung cp nn khng b nh hng bi li ngun, c tin cy cao v khng cn phi bo dng do tn hiu khng b suy hao nhiu nh i vi cc phn t tch cc.Mng PON ngoi vic gii quyt cc vn v bng thng, n cn c un im l chi ph lp t thp do n tn dng c nhng si quang trong mng c t trc. PON cng d dng v thun tin trong vic ghp thm cc ONU theo yu cu ca cc dch v, trong khi vic thit lp thm cc nt trong mng tch cc kh phc tp do vic cp ngun ti mi nt mng, v trong mi nt mng u cn c cc b pht li.PON c th hot ng v ch khng i xng. Chng hn, mt mng PON c th truyn dn theo lung OC-12 (622 Mbits/s) ng xung v truy nhp theo lung OC-3 (155 Mbits/s) ng ln. Mt mng khng i xng nh vy s gip cho chi ph ca cc ONU gim i rt nhiu, do ch phi s dng cc b thu pht gi thnh thp hn..PON cn c kh nng chng li cao (cao hn SONET/SDH). Do cc nt ca mng PON nm bn ngoi mng, nn tn hao nng lng trn cc nt ny khng gy nh hng g n cc nt khc. Kh nng mt nt mt nng lng m khng lm ngt mng l rt quan trng i vi mng truy nhp, do cc nh cung cp khng th m bo c nng lng d phng cho tt c cc u cui xa.Vi nhng l do nh trn, cng ngh PON c th c coi l mt gii php hng u cho mng truy nhp. PON cng cho php tng thch vi cc giao din SONET/SDH v c th c s dng nh mt vng thu quang thay th cho cc tuyn truyn dn ngn trong mng th hay mch vng SONET/SDH ng trc.Kin trc ca PONCc phn t th ng ca PON u nm trong mng phn b quang (hay cn gi l mng ngoi vi) bao gm cc phn t nh si quang, cc b tch/ghp quang th ng, cc u ni v cc mi hn quang. Cc phn t tch cc nh OLT v cc ONU u nm u cui ca PON. Tn hiu trong PON c th c phn ra v truyn i theo nhiu si quang hoc c kt hp li v truyn trn mt si quang thng qua b ghp quang, ph thuc vo tn hiu l i theo hng ln hay hng xung ca PON. PON thng c trin khai trn si quang n mode, vi cu hnh cy l ph bin. PON cng c th c trin khai theo cu hnh vng ring cho cc khu thng mi hoc theo cu hnh bus khi trin khai trong cc khu trng s,... M hnh mng quang th ng vi cc phn t ca n c biu din nh trong Hnh 1-1: M hnh mng quang th ng.#-

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1 hoi, tl liu,

Hnh 1 -1: M hnh mng quang th ngv mt logic, PON c s dng nh mng truy nhp kt ni im - a im, vi mt CO phc v cho nhiu thu bao. C mt s cu hnh kt ni im-a im ph hp cho mng truy nhp nh cu hnh cy, cy v nhnh, vng ring, hoc bus nh trong Hnh 1-2: Cc kiu kin trc ca PON.Bng cch s dng cc b ghp 1:2 v b chia quang 1:N, PON c thtrin khai theo bt c cu hnh no trong cc cu hnh trn. Ngoi ra, PONcn c th thu gn li thnh cc vng ring kp, hay hnh cy, hay mt nhnhca cy. Tt c cc tuyn truyn dn trong PON u c thc hin gia OLTv ONU. OLT nm co v kt ni mng truy nhp quang vi mng th(MAN) hay mng din rng (WAN), c bit n nh l nhng mng ngtrc. ONU nm ti v tr u cui ngi s dng (FTTH hay FTTB hocFTTC).

(a) Kin trc hnh cy (s dng h chia 1 :N)(c) Kin trc vng ring (s dng h ghp 2x2)Hnh 1-2: Cc kiu kin trc ca PON.Trong cc cu hnh trn, cu hnh cy 1:N nh Hnh 1-2: Cc kiu kin trc ca PON., hay cu hnh cy v phn nhnh Hnh 1-2: Cc kiu kin trc ca PON.c s dng ph bin nht. y l nhng cu hnh rt mm do, ph hp

vi nhu cu pht trin ca thu bao, cng nh nhng i hi ngy cng tng v bng thng.Cc h thng PON ang c trin khaiAPON/BPONT nm 1995, 7 nh khai thc mng hng u th gii lp nn nhm FSAN (Full Service Access Network) vi mc tiu l thng nht cc tiu ch cho mng truy nhp bng rng. Hin nay cc thnh vin ca FSAN tng ln n trn 40 trong c nhiu hng sn xut v cung cp thit b vin thng ln trn th gii.

Cc thnh vin ca FSAN pht trin mt tiu ch cho mng truy nhp PON s dng cng ngh ATM v giao thc lp 2 ca n. H thng ny c gi l APON (vit tt ca ATM PON). Ci tn APON sau c thay th bng BPON vi din t PON bng rng. H thng BPON c kh nng cung cp nhiu dch v bng rng nh Ethernet, Video, ng ring o (VPL), knh thu ring, v.v... Nm 1997 nhm FSAN a cc xut ch tiu BPON ln ITU-T thng qua chnh thc. T , cc tiu chun IT G.983.X cho mng BPON ln lt c thng quaH thng BPON h tr tc khng i xng 155 Mbps hng ln v 622 Mbps hng xung hoc tc i xng 622 Mbps. Cc h thng BPON c s dng nhiu nhiu ni, tp trung Bc M, Nht Bn v mt phn Chu u.GPONDo c tnh cu trc ca BPON kh c th nng cp ln tc cao hon 622 Mbps v mng PON trn c s nn ATM khng ti u i vi lu lng IP, nhm FSAN pht trin mt h thng mng PON mi t nm 2001 vi tc lGbps h tr c lu lng ATM v IP. Da trn cc khuyn ngh ca FSAN, t nm 2003-2004, ITU-T chun ha mt lot cc tiu chun cho mng PON Gigabit (GPON) bao gm G.984.1,G.984.2 v G.984.3.

Chun GPON hin nay c nh ngha da trn cc giao thc c bn ca chun SONET/SDH ITU. Cc giao thc ca n kh n gin v i hi rt t th tc. Chnh v th m hiu sut bng thng ca GPON t ti hn 90%.Cc u im ca GPON : Cung cp dch v b ba: h tr cc dch v m thanh, d liu v video truyn theo nh dng gc ca n. Rt nhiu cc dch v Ethernet nh QoS, VLAN, IGMP (.Internet Group Management Protocol) v RSTP (.Rapid SpanningTree Protocol) cng c h tr. Hiu sut v tc ng truyn cao nht: GPON h tr tc bt cao nht t trc ti nay - #-

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vi tc hng xung/ hng ln tng ng 2,488/1,244 Gbit/s. GPON cung cp rng bng ln cha tng c t trc ti nay v l cng ngh ti u cho cc ng dng ca FTTH v FTTB.Hin nay cng nh trong tng lai GPON l cng ngh ph hp cho vic truyn thng Ethernet/IP vi vic h tr truyn ting ni v video qua PON bng vic s dng giao thc SONET/SDHEPONNm 2001, IEEE thnh lp mt nhm nghin cu Ethernet in the First Mile (EFM) vi mc tiu m rng cng ngh Ethernet hin ti sang mng truy nhp vng, hng ti cc mng cc mng n nh thu bao hoc cc doanh nghip vi yu cu vn gi cc tnh cht ca Ethernet truyn thng. Ethernet PON c bt u nghin cu trong thi gian gian ny.

Ethernet PON (EPON) l mng trn c s PON mang lu lng d liu gi trong cc khung Ethernet c chun ha theo IEEE 802.3. S dng m ng truyn 8b/10B v hot ng vi tc lGbps.WDM-PONCng ngh mng quang th ng s dng ghp knh phn chia theo bc sng Wavelength Division Multiplexing Passive optical Network (WDM PON) l th h k tip ca mng truy nhp quang v cho bng thng ln nht. TDMPON (bao gm BPON, GPON v GEPON) s dng cc b chia cng sut quang th ng, hng xung l qung b v ONU nhn d liu ca mnh thng qua nhn a ch nhng, hng ln s dng ghp knh trong min thi gian. WDMPON s dng cc b ghp sng WDM th ng, hng xung mi ON nhn d liu trn mt bc sng, hng ln cc bc sng khc nhau c ghp thng qua b ghp sng WDM ti ONU. Do s dng mt bc sng cho mi ONU nn WDMPON c tnh bo mt v tnh mm do tt hn. Cng ngh WDMPON s l s la chn ca tng lai v l bc pht trin k tip cho cc cng ngh mng truy nhp quang PON.Nhn xtVo gia nhng nm 90 ca th k ny, cng ngh APON (ATM - PON) c p dng truyn ti d liu v ting ni. Chm hn mt cht l BPON, n s dng cu trc chuyn i ATM cc ng bin mng. Tuy nhin hin nay mng APON/BPON khng c quan tm pht trin do ch h tr dch v ATM v tc truy nhp thp hn nhiu so vi cc cng ngh hin hu khc nh GPON hay EPON.

Cc nghin cu hin nay ang tp trung vo GPON v EPON/GEPON v y l cc cng ngh mi ha hn s c trin khai rng ri trong mng truy nhp bng rng do cc c im vt tri ca chng so vi cc cng ngh khc.Trong khi GEPON ch cung cp tc truyn l 1,25 Gbis th GPON li cho php t ti tc 2.448 Gbit/s. V thm ch, khi cng ngy cc nh cung cp dch v cng c tit kim chi ph bng vic tn dng ti a bng thng th c v nh GEPON ang dn tr thnh mt s la chn khng c nh gi cao. Vi hiu sut t 50% - 70%, bng thng ca GEPON b gii hn trong khong OOMbps n 900Mbps, trong khi GPON vi vic tn dng bng thng ti a n c th cho php cc nh cung cp dch v phn phi vi bng thng ln n 2300 Mbps.Trong mt nghin cu in hnh, h thng mng GPON ca Flexlight c th t ti hiu sut mng 93%, iu c ngha l ch c 7% rng bng tn c s dng cho vic quy nh cc th tc ca giao thc truyn thng. Hiu sut ln, rng bng tn ln, GPON ha hn mang li nhiu li nhun cho cc nh cung cp dch v. Trong khi APON, BPON, hay EPON li tn kh nhiu bng thng cho vic quy nh cc th tc truyn thng. Chnh v th m hiu sut bng thng gim i ng k. C th l APON v BPON cn 70% v EPON cn 50%. c chun ho theo ITU - T G.984, GPON cho php cung cp ng truyn vi cc nh dng gc nh IP v TDM, y thc s l mt gii php cng ngh PON t hiu qu kinh t c th s dng cho c cc dch v gia nh cng nh l cho cc doanh nghip. Vi nhng c tnh h tr cao nht v rng bng tiu dng c nng t 10 MHz ln 100 MHz cho truyn d liu Internet, p ng c cc yu cu cho nhiu dng IPTV (Internet Protocol Televsion), v c th h tr truyn thng c SDTV (Standard Deinition Television) v HDTV (High Deiniton TeleVsion), GPON thc s c nh gi l kinh t hn EPON.Mt khc trong khi tiu chun IEEE 803.2ah ch h tr 2 lp ODN : lp A v lp B th ITU-GT.984.2 GPON GPM h tr c lp c, lp cp cao hn. Lp c cho php mng PON m rng c ly ti 20 Km, cung cp cho s lng ln ngi dng cui, t ti 64 thm ch 128 ONU/ONT.Bn cnh trong khi EPON ch h tr duy nht mt tc truyn dn i xng 1,25/1,25 Gbps. ITU- T G.984.2 GPON GPM linh hot v bin i c hn nhiu hn, cho php cc tc hng xung 1,25 v 2,5 Gbps, hng ln cho php 155 Mbps, 622 Mbps hay 1,25 v 2,5 Gbps. C hai cng ngh u nhm ti th trng truy nhp, bao gm cc ng dng Fiber-To-The- Home v Fiber-To-The Building/Curb vi c trng l tc truy nhp khng i xng gia hng ln v hng xung. Thm ch vi s pht trin ca cc ng dng d liu th cng khng c nhu cu n 1,25 Gbps trong hng ln. Trong khi GPON cho php cc nh cung cp dch v thit lp nhng tc kt ni theo nhu cu thc t, EPON khng thc hin c iu ny. Mc d y khng l mt vn ln v chi ph i vi kt ni tc - #-

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cao, tuy nhin h tr 1.25 Gbps hng ln, i hi phi cung cp laser DFP u cui v it thc quang APD t ti trung tm mng quang co.T nhng so snh trn c th thy rng GPON thch hp hn so vi EPON trong vic lp t cc h thng mng cung cp cc kh nng d phng cn thit h tr cho O&M, kh nng tng thch cng nh l bo mt. y l nhng iu kin cn thit iu hnh mt mng kch c ln.Kt lunPON l mng truy nhp c nhiu u im trin khai cc dch v bng rng (thoi, d liu, video) gia cc khi kt cui ng dy xa (ONUs) v kt cui mng (OLT). Khng nh mng quang tch cc AON, chng hn nh mng SONET/SDH, cn cc b chuyn i quang in ti mi nt, mng quang th ng PON s dng cc b ghp v chia quang th ng phn b lun lng quang. Mt mng PON c th tp trung lu lng t 64 ONU n mt OLT c t tng i ni ht (CO) theo kin trc hnh cy, bus, hoc vng ring chng li.

Ging nh mng SONET/SDH, PON l cng ngh truyn ti ca lp mt. T trc n nay, hu ht cc vng ring quang trong mng vin thng u s dng cc thit b truyn dn SONET/SDH. Cc vng ring ny u s dng cc b pht li ti mi nt, vi khong cch gia cc nt c ti u ho cho mng ng trc hay mng th, tuy nhin, y khng phi l s la chn tt nht cho mng truy nhp ni ht. Mng PON ngoi vic gii quyt cc vn v bng thng, n cn c u im l chi ph lp t thp do n tn dng c nhng si quang trong mng c t trc. PON cng d dng v thun tin trong vic ghp thm cc ONU theo yu cu ca cc dch v, trong khi vic thit lp thm cc nt trong mng tch cc kh phc tp do vic cp ngun ti mi nt mng, v trong mi nt mng u cn c cc b pht li.Khng ging nh trong mng tch cc SONET/SDH, PON c th hot ng v ch khng i xng. Chng hn, mt mng PON c th truyn dn theo lung OC-12 (622 Mbits/s) ng xung v truy nhp theo lung OC-3 (155 Mbits/s) ng ln. Mt mng khng i xng nh vy s gip cho chi ph ca cc ONU gim i rt nhiu, do ch phi s dng cc b thu pht gi thnh thp hn. Cn i vi mng SONET/SDH l i xng, do trong vng ring OC-12, tt c cc card ni vi cc ADM u phi c giao din OC-12.Ngoi ra, mt gc no PON cn c kh nng chng li cao hn SONET/SDH. Do cc nt ca mng PON nm bn ngoi mng, nn tn hao nng lng trn cc nt ny khng gy nh hng g n cc nt khc. iu ny l khng th i vi mng SONET/SDH, do qu trnh pht li mi nt mng. Kh nng mt nt mt nng lng m khng lm ngt mng l rt quan trng i vi mng truy nhp, do cc nh cung cp khng th m bo c nng lng d phng cho tt c cc u cui xa.Vi nhng l do nh trn, cng ngh PON c coi l mt gii php y ha hn gii quyt vn tc nghn bng thng trong mng truy nhp, cho php trin khai cc dch v bng rng v c tnh tng tc. Trong thi gian ngn trc mt, ng dng ca cng ngh PON c th l nh cung cp cho cc cng ty in thoi, mng cp TV, v cho cc nh cung cp dch v mng v tuyn. Vi vic a ra mt gii php vi gi thnh h, bng tn cao, c kh nng chng li, cng ngh PON s l gii php tt nht cho mng th h sau, cng nh cho mng truy nhp bng rng.CHNG 2. CNG NGH MNG QUANG TH NG GPONGii thiu chungGPON (Gigabit Passive optical Network) nh ngha theo chun ITU-T G.984. GPON c m rng t chun BPON G.983 bng cch tng bng thng, nng hiu sut bng thng nh s dng gi ln, c di thay i v tiu chun ha qun l. Thm na, chun cho php vi s la chn ca tc bit, nhng k ngh hi t trn 2,488 Mbis ca bng thng lung xung v 1,244 Mbis ca bng thng lung ln. Phng thc ng gi GPON - GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method) cho php ng gi lu lng ngi dng rt hiu qu, vi s phn on khung cho php cht lng dch v QoS (Quality of Service) cao hn phc v lun lng nhy cm nh truyn thoi v video. GPON h tr tc cao hn, tng cng bo mt v chn lp 2 giao thc (ATM, GEM, Ethernet tuy nhin trn thc t ATM cha tng c s dng). iu cho php GPON phn phi thm cc dch v ti nhiu thu bao hn vi chi ph thp hn cng nh cho php kh nng tng thch ln hn gia cc nh cung cp thit b.Tnh hnh chun ha GPONTip tc trn kh nng ca kin trc si quang ti h gia nh FTTH (fiber to the home) c thc hin trong nhng nm 1990 bi nhm cng tc mng truy nhp dch v y FSAN (Full Service Access Network), c hnh thnh bi cc nh cung cp dch v v h thng ln. Hip hi vin thng quc t IT (International Telecommunications Union) lm cc cng vic tip theo tnh t lc chun ha trn hai th h ca tiu chun mng quang quang th ng APON/BPON v GPON. Chun c hn ITU-T G.983 trn nn ch truyn ti khng ng b ATM (Asynchronous transfer mode) v v vy c xem nh APON (ATM PON). S pht trin cao hn ca chun APON gc cng nh vi s dn mt a chung ca ATM nh mt giao thc chung dn n phin bn y , cui cng ca ITU-T G.983 c xem nh chun PON bng rng hay BPON (Broadband PON). Mt mng APON/BPON in hnh cung cp tc 622 Mbis lung xung v 155 Mbis lung ln, mc d chun cho php tc cao hn.

GPON c ITU-T chun ha theo chun G.984 bt u t nm 2003, m rng t chun BPON G.983.ITU-T G.984.1 ( 03/2003) G-PON: General characteristics: cung cp cc giao din mng ngi dng (UNI), giao din nt dch v (SNI) v mt s dch v. Chun ny k tha h thng G.982 (APON) v G.983.X (BPON) bng vic xem xt li dch v h tr, chnh sch bo mt, tc bit danh nh.ITU-T G.984.2 (03/2003) G-PON: PMD layer speciication: ch ra cc yu cu cho lp vt l v cc chi tit k thut cho lp PMD. N bao gm cc h thng c tc hng xung 1244.160 Mbis, 2488.320 Mbis v hng ln 155.520 Mbis, 622.080 Mbis, 1244.160 Mbit/s, 2488.320 Mbis. M t c h thng GPON i xng v bt i xng.ITU-T G.984.2 Adm 1 (02/2006): thm ph lc cho ITU-T G.984.2, cc xc minh v kh nng chp nhn gi thnh sn xut cng nghip i vi h thng G-PON 2.488/1.244 Gbit/sITU-T G.984.3 (02/2004) G-PON: TC layer speciication: m t lp hi t truyn dn (Transmission convergence - TC) cho cc mng G-PON bao gm nh dng khung, phng thc iu khin truy nhp mi trng, phng thc ranging, chc nng OAM v bo mt.ITU-T G.984.3 Adml (07/2005): ci tin ch tiu k thut lp TC, sa i hiu chnh v t ng G.984.3.ITU-T G.984.3 Adm2 (03/2006): thm thng tin phn ph lc -T G.984.3 cho phn k thut v nh dng tn hiu hng xung.ITU-T G.984.3 Adm3 (12/2006): sng t v c ng ni dung ITU-T G.984.3.ITU-T G.984.4 (06/2004) G-PON: ONT management and control interface specification: cung cp ch tiu k thut giao din iu khin (OMCI) v qun l ONT cc h thng GPONITU-T G.984.4 Adml (06/2005): sa i b sung ITU-T G.984.4.ITU-T G.984.4 Adm2 (03/2006): sa i b sung ITU-T G.984.4.ITU-T G.984.4 Adm3 (03/2006): lm r ngha cho phn G-OMCI, m t cc mc cnh bo, gii hn tc cc cng Ethernet, OMCI cho OMCI, vn chuyn lu lng pseudowireKin trc GPONHnh 2-1 m t cu hnh h thng G-PON bao gm OLT, cc ONU, mt b chia quang v cc si quang. Si quang c kt ni ti cc nhnh OLT ti b chia quang ra 64 si khc v cc si phn nhnh c kt ni ti ONU.

Hnh 2-1: Kin trc mng GPON

Thit bOLT (Optical Line Terminal): thit b kt cui cp quang tch cc lp t ti pha nh cung cp dch v thng c t ti cc i trm.ONT (Optical Network Terminal): thit b kt cui mng cp quang tch cc, kt ni OLT thng qua mng phn phi quang (ODN) dng cho trng hp cung cp kt ni quang ti nh thu bao (FTTH)ONU (Optical Network Unit): thit b kt cui mng cp quang tch cc, kt ni vi OLT thng qua mng phn phi quang (ODN) thng dng cho trng hp kt ni ti buiding hoc ti cc va h, cabin (FTTB, FTTC, FTTCab)

-B chia/ghp quang th ng (Splitter): Dng chia/ghp th ng tn hiu quang t nh cung cp dch v n khch hng v ngc li gip tn dng hiu qu si quang vt l. splitter thng c t ti cc im phn phi quang (DP) v cc im truy nhp quang (AP). B chia/ghp quang s c 2 loi, mt loi t ti cc nh trm vin thng s dng cc t kiu indoor, loi th 2 s l loi thit b c bc kn c th m ra c khi cn thit v t ti cc im mng xng.FDC - Fiber Distribution Cabinet: T phi quangFDB - Fiber Distribution Box: Hp phn phi quang loi nh.

Kt cui ng quang OLTOLT c kt ni ti mng chuyn mch thng qua cc giao din cchun ho. pha phn tn, OLT a ra giao din truy nhp quang tng ng

vi cc chun G-PON nh tc bit, qu cng sut, jitter,OLT bao gm ba phn chnh:Chc nng giao din cng dch vChc nng kt ni choGiao din mng phn tn quangCc khi OLT chnh c m t trong hnh sau:

Hnh 2-2: Cc khi chc nng ca OLT1 )PON core ShellKhi ny gm hai phn, phn giao din ODN v chc nng PON TC. Chc nng ca PON TC bao gm to khung, iu khin truy cp phng tin, OAM, DBA v qun l ONU. Mi PON TC c th la chn hot ng theo mt ch ATM, GEM v Dual.Cross-connect ShellCross-connect Shell cung cp ng truyn thng gia PON core Shell v Service Shell. Cc cng ngh s dng cho ng ny ph thuc vo cc dch v, kin trc bn trong ca OLT v cc yu t khc. OLT cung cp chc nng kt ni cho tng ng vi cc ch c la chn (ATM, GEM hoc Dual).Service ShellPhn ny h tr chuyn i gia cc giao din dch v v giao din khung TC ca phn PON.

Khi mng quang ONCc khi chc nng ca GPON ONU hu ht u ging nh ca OLT. V ON hot ng ch vi mt giao din PON n (hoc nhiu nht l hai giao din vi mc ch bo v), chc nng kt ni cho c th b b i. Tuy nhin, thay cho chc nng ny, chc nng dch v MUX v DMUX c h tr -#-

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x l lun lng, cu hnh in hnh ca mt ON uc m t trn hnh 2-3. Mi PON TC la chn mt ch ATM, GEM v Dual hot ng.

Hnh 2-3: Cc khi chc nng ca ONUMng phn phi quang ODNMng phn phi quang kt ni gia mt OLT vi mt hoc nhiu ONU s dng thit b tch/ghp quang v mng cp quang thu bao.

* B tch/ghp quangGPON s dng thit b th ng chia tn hiu quang t mt si truyn i trn nhiu si v nguc li, kt hp cc tn hiu quang t nhiu si thnh tn hiu trn mt si. Thit b ny uc gi l b tch/ghp quang.Dng n gin nht ca n l mt b ghp quang bao gm hai si quang uc hn dnh vo nhau. Tn hiu nhn uc bt c u vo no cng b chia thnh hai phn u ra. T l phn chia ca b tch/ghp c th uc iu khin bi di ca mi hn v v vy y c coi l tham s khng i.Cc b tch/ghp NxN c ch to bng cch ghp tng nhiu b 2x2 vi nhau nh hnh 2-4 hoc s dng cng ngh ng dn sng phang.

(a) 4-stage 8x8 coupler

(b) 3-stage 8x8 couplerHnh 2-4: Cc b ghp 8x8 c to ra t cc b ghp 2x2.Cc b tch/ghp c c trng bng cc tham s sau y:Su hao chia - l t l gia cng sut u ra v cng sut u vo ca b ghp, tnh theo dB. Vi mt b 2x2 l tng, gi tr ny l 3 dB. Hnh 2-4 biu din hai m hnh ca b 8x8 da trn cc b 2x2. Trong m hnh 4 tng (Hnh 2-4a), ch c 1/16 cng sut u vo c a ti tng u ra. Hnh 2- 4b biu din m hnh thit k hiu qu hn, mi u ra s nhn c 1/8 cng sut ca u vo.Su hao ghp - y l cng sut b tn hao do qu trnh sn xut, gi tr ny thng thng khong 0.1 dB n 1 dB.iu hng - y l mc cng sut o c u vo b d t mt u vo khc. Vi nhng b tch/ghp l thit b c kh nng nh hng cao th tham s iu hng khong t' 40 n 50 dB.Thng thng, cc b tch/ghp thng ch c ch to vi mt u vo hoc mt u ra. B tch/ghp c mt u vo ta gi l b chia (tch), cn b c mt u ra ta gi l b kt hp (ghp). Tuy nhin, cng c nhng b 2x2 c ch to khng i xng (vi t s chia khong 5/95 hoc 10/90). Loi tch/ghp ny ch yu c dng trch ra mt phn tn hiu quang cho mc ch kim tra, c gi l b ghp r.

* Mng cp quang thu baoMng cp thu bao quang c xc nh trong phm vi ranh gii t giao tip si quang gia thit b OLT n thit ONU/ONT.FMS IOLT* DPAP

FMPdQ\

Cp goc ODF Hr -4Cp phoi*Cu trc co bn FTTH ODN

ONTT#I Cp Ihu bao " i *Thiet b u cui. Bao aom c ucm...Hnh 2-5: cu trc c bn mng cp quang thu baoMng cp quang thu bao c cu thnh bi cc thnh phn chnh nhsau:Cp quang gc (Feeder Cable): xut pht t pha nh cung cp dch v (hay cn gi chung l Central Office) ti im phn phi c gi l DP (Distribution Point).im phn phi si quang (DP): l im kt thc ca on cp gc. Trn thc t trin khai, im phn phi si quang thng l mng xng quang, hoc cc t cp quang phi, u tin dng mng xng quang.Cp quang phi (Distribution optical Cable): xut pht t im phi quang (DP) ti cc im truy nhp mng (AP - Access Point) hay t cc t quang phi ti cc tp im quang.Cp quang thu bao (Drop Cable): xut pht t cc im truy nhp mng (AP) hay l t cc tp im quang n thu bao.H thng qun l mng quang (FMS - Fiber Management System) c s dng bo dng v x l s c.-#-

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im qun l quang (FMP - Fiber Management Point): d dng cho x l s c v pht hin t ng.

2.4. Thng s k thut Cc thng s k thut c bn ca mng GPON:Tc truyn dn:0,15552Gbps ng ln,1,24416 Gbpsng xung.0,62208Gbps ng ln,1,24416 Gbpsng xung.1,24416Gbps ng ln,1,24416 Gbpsng xung.0,15552Gbps ng ln,2,48832 Gbpsng xung.0,62208Gbps ng ln,2,48832 Gbpsng xung.1,24416Gbps ng ln,2,48832 Gbpsng xung.2,48832Gbps ng ln,2,48832 Gbpsng xung.

Cc thng s k thut khc:Bc sng: 1260-1360nm ng ln; 1480-1500nm ng xunga truy nhp hng ln: TDMACp pht bng thng ng DBA (Dynamic Bandwith Allocation)Loi lu lng: d liu sKhung truyn dn: GEMDch v: dch v y (Ethernet, TDM, POTS)T l chia ca b chia th ng: ti a 1:128Gi tr BER ln nht: 10'12Phm vi cng sut s dng lung xung: -3 n +2 dBm (lOkm ODN) hoc +2 n +7 (20Km ODN)Phm vi cng sut s dng lung ln: -1 n +4 dBm (lOKm v 20Km ODN)Loi cp: tiu chun ITU-T Rec. G.652Suy hao ti a gia cc ONU: 15dBC ly cp ti a: 20Km vi DFB laser lung ln, lOKm vi Fabry-Perot

K thut truy nhp v phong thc ghp knhCng ngh truyn dn a truy nhp l cc k thut chia s ti nguyn hu hn cho mt lng khch hng. Trong h thng GPON, ti nguyn chia s chnh l bng tn truyn dn. Ngi s dng cng chia s ti nguyn ny bao gm thu bao, nh cung cp dch v, nh khai thc v nhng thnh phn mng khc. Tuy khng cn l mt lnh vc mi m trong ngnh vin thng trn th gii nhng cc k thut truy nhp cng l mt trong nhng cng ngh i hi nhng yu cu ngy cng cao h thng tho mn c cc yu cu v n nh cao, thi gian x l thng tin v tr thp, tnh bo mt v an ton d liu cao.

K thut truy nhpK thut truy nhp c s dng ph bin trong cc h thng GPON hin nay l a truy nhp phn chia theo thi gian (TDMA).

TDMA l k thut phn chia bng tn truyn dn thnh nhng khe thi gian k tip nhau. Nhng khe thi gian ny c th c n nh trc cho mi khch hng hoc c th phn theo yu cu tu thuc vo phng thc chuyn giao ang s dng. Hnh 2-6 di y l mt v d v vic s dng TDMA trn GPON hnh cy. Mi thu bao c php gi s liu ng ln trong khe thi gian ring bit. B tch knh sp xp s liu n theo v tr khe thi gian ca n hoc thng tin c gi trong bn thn khe thi gian, s liu ng xung cng c gi trong nhng khe thi gian xc nh.-#-

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Hnh 2-6: TDMA GPONGPON s dng k thut TDMA c u im rt ln l cc ONU c th hot ng trn cng mt bc sng, v OLT hon ton c kh nng phn bit c lu lng ca tng ONU. OLT cng ch cn mt b thu, iu ny s d dng cho vic trin khai thit b, gim c chi ph cho cc qu trnh thit k, sn xut, hot ng v bo dng. Ngoi ra, vic s dng k thut ny cn c mt u im l c th lp t d dng thm cc ONU nu c nhu cu nng cp mngMt c tnh quan trng ca GPON s dng TDMA l yu cu bt buc v ng b ca lun lng ng ln trnh xung t s liu. Xung t ny s xy ra nu hai hay nhiu gi d liu t nhng thu bao khc nhau n b ghp cng mt thi im. Tn hiu ny ln tn hiu kia v to thnh tn hiu ghp. Pha u xa khng th nhn dng c chnh xc tn hiu ti, kt qu l sinh ra mt lot li bit v suy gim thng tin ng ln, nh hng n cht lng ca mng. Tuy nhin cc vn trn u c khc phc vi c ch nh c v phn nh bng thng ng ca GPON m chng ta s cp phn sau.Phong thc ghp knhPhng thc ghp knh trong GPON l ghp knh song hng. Cc h thng GPON hin nay s dng phng thc ghp knh phn chia khng gian.

y l gii php n gin nht i vi truyn dn song hng. N c thc hin nh s dng nhng si ring bit cho truyn dn ng ln v xung. S phn cch vt l ca cc hng truyn dn trnh c nh hng phn x quang trong mng v cng loi b vn kt hp v phn tch hai hng truyn dn. iu ny cho php tng c qu cng sut trong mng. Vic s dng hai si quang lm cho vic thit k mng mm do hn v lm tng kh dng bi v chng ta c th m rng mng bng cch s dng nhng b ghp knh theo bc sng trn mt hoc hai si. Kh nng m rng ny cho php pht trin dn dn nhng dch v mi trong tng lai. H thng ny s s dng cng bc sng, cng b pht v b thu nh nhau cho hai hng nn chi ph cho nhng phn t quang-in s gim.Nhc im chnh ca phng thc ny l cn gp i s lng si, mi hn v connector v trong GPON hnh cy th s lng b ghp quang cng cn gp i. Tuy nhin chi ph v si quang, phn t th ng v k thut hn ni vn ang gim v trong tng lai n ch chim t l nh trong ton b chi ph h thng.Phong thc ng gi d liuGPON nh ngha hai phng thc ng gi ATM v GEM (GPON Encapsulation Method). Cc ONU v OLT c th h tr c T-CONT nn ATM hoc GEM.

Phng thc ng gi d liu GPON (GPON Encapsulation Method - GEM) s dng ng gi d liu qua mng GPON. GEM cung cp kh nng thng tin kt ni nh hng tng t ATM. GPON cho php h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v khch hng khc nhau. Khch hng ATM c sp xp trong sut vo khung GEM trn c hai hng. Khch hng TDM c sp xp vo khung GEM s dng th tc ng gi GEM. Cc gi d liu bao gm c cc khung Ethernet cng c sp xp s dng th tc ng giGEM. GEM cng h tr vic phn mnh hoc chia nh cc khung ln thnh cc phn mnh nh v ghp li u thu nhm gim tr cho cc lu lng thi gian thc. Lu lng d liu bao gm cc khung Ethernet, cc gi tin IP, IPTV, VoIP v cc loi khc gip cho truyn dn khung GEM hiu qu v n gin. GPON s dng GEM mang li hiu qu cao trong truyn dn ti tin IP nh s dng ti 95% bng thng cho php trn knh truyn dnnh c v phn nh bng tn ng:2.7.1 Th tc nh c (Ranging):

e mt ONU c th vn hnh trong mng PON n phi c ranging (xc nh c ly gia ONU l OLT). C ly ranging ti a ca mng PON hin quy nh l 20km. Khong cch t OLT ti ONU l khc nhau vi mi ON v do tr kh hi RTD (Round Trip Delay) t mi ONU ti OLT l khc nhau. Tr' phi tr kh hi RTD c xc nh chnh xc th nh thi truyn dn s khng th thc hin.V vy nu c mt ONU mi kt ni vi mng th trc ht cn o RTD. Bng lnh ca h thng vn hnh, OLT t ng to ra ca s ranging ph hp o tr v xc nh ONU truyn tn hiu cho php o tr. Chiu di ca ca s ranging c thit lp ty theo khong cch gia OLT v ONU.C hai cch xc nh ONU cho qu trnh ranging. Mt phng php xc nh duy nht ONU ng k v phng php khc xc nh tt c cc ONU cha ng k. Trong phng php th nht, mt ONU vi s ID ring c xc nh trong h thng vn hnh. Trong phng php th hai OLT khng bit s ID ring ca mi ON, khi s c vi ONU c th truyn tn hiu cho qu trnh o tr din ra lin tc. Mt bin php gim xung t trong qu trnh ranging l truyn tn hiu cho qu trnh o tr vi mt khong thi gian ch ngu nhin, gn ging nh phng php c s dng trong Ethernet (CSMA/CD). Thm ch nu c xy ra xung t ngay bc u thvn c th tin hnh o tr bng cch lp li qu trnh truyn dn hai hay ba ln.V d liu thu bao khng c truyn trc khi qu trnh ranging kt thc nn s khng lm tng tr truyn dn d liu. Ngoi ra thi gian ch ngu nhin c s dng chng xung t khng c bao gm trong php o tr kh hi RTD.Th tc ranging ca GPON c chia thnh 2 pha. pha th nht ng k s sri cho ONU cha ng k v cp pht ON-ID cho ONU thc hin. S sri l ID xc nh ON v phi l duy nht, ng thi ONU-ID c s dng iu khin, theo di v kim tra ONU.Rarging window .1L_()ONU halt(2) Serial_number requestTime(4) Assgn ONU-ID

TimeTimePl (3) SN transmission* 1l ?.OLTONU#1ONU*2 New ONUdata*2data# 1Random delay T"fHgurt* 5J G-PON rangmg phase l: scnal numhcr proccss.Time

Hnh 2-7: GPON Ranging pha 1Cc bc trong pha th nht:OLT xc nh tt c cc ON hin ang hot ng cho dng qu trnh truyn dn (cc ONU ngng truyn dn - (1) ONU halt)-#-

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OLT xc nh ON khng c ONU-ID yu cu truyn s sri (bn tin yu cu s sri - (2) serial_number request)Sau khi nhn c yu cu truyn s sri, ON khng c ON-ID s truyn s sri (qu trnh truyn s sri - (3) SN transmission) sau khi ch mt khong thi gian ngu nhin (ti a 50ms).OLT ch nh mt ON-ID ti ONU cha ng k m OLT nhn c s sri (bn tin ch nh ONU-ID - (4) assign ONU-ID).

Trong pha tip theo RTD c o cho mi ONU ng k mi. Thm vo pha ny cng c p dng cho cc ONU b mt tn hiu trong qu trnh thng tin.

Rangng window

1 data#2 -RTD of new ONU-q 1data# 1(5) ONU halt

Tm

(6) Ranging

(8) Ranqing_tim

request

messagOLTTmONU#1

Tim

" (7) Ranging transmisslon

ONU#2 Nw ONU(9) Delay Tm qualizationIThut*: 5.4 GPON ranging phiiic 2: dclav mcasu re me nu.

Hnh 2-8: GPON Ranging pha 2Cc bc trong pha th hai bao gm:OLT xc nh tt c cc ONU ang thng tin cho dng qu trnh truyn dn lung ln (cc ONU ngng truyn dn - (5) ONU halt)

S dng cc s sri, OLT xc nh mt ONU nht nh v ch ONU c truyn tn hiu cho qu trnh o tr (bn tin yu cu ranging - (6) ranging request)ONU c s sri trng vi s sri OLT xc nh s truyn tn hiu cho qu trnh o tr (qu trnh truyn ranging - (7) ranging transmission), bao gm c ONU-ID ch nh trong pha 1.OLT o RTD ph thuc vo thi gian m tn hiu s dng cho php o tr c thu. Hn na, sau khi xc nhn s kt hp gia s sri v ON-ID l ng, OLT thng bo tr cn bng (Equalization Delay = Teqd - RTD) ti ONU (bn tin thi gian ranging - (8) Ranging_time message). Trong Tepd l hng s v gi tr RTD ln nht c xc nh trong mng PON. V d vi khong cch ti a 20km th Teqd = 200ms.ONU lun gi tr tr cn bng v to tr nh thi cho chui d liu truyn dn lung ln vi gi tr ny.

2.7.2 Phng thc cp pht bng thng:Ti hng ln bng thng c s dng bi cc ONU khng ch ph thuc vo bi cnh lu lng ti cc ONU c lin quan m ng thi lin quan n lu lng ti cc ONU khc trong mng. V s dng mi trng chia s bng thng nn lun lng truyn bi mi ONU c kh nng b xung t v qu trnh truyn li lm gim hiu sut. Do hng ln GPON s dng phng thc cp pht bng thng ng DBA (Dynamic Bandwidth Assignment). Cc khung truyn dn hng ln c chia thnh 5 loi I > V - TCONT (Transmission Container) s dng qun l vic cp pht bng thng hng lcn. Dch v loi I - TCONT trcn c s c cp pht bng thng c nh hay l dch v yu cu bng thng c nh, khng c phc v -#-

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bi DBA. Loi II - TCONT cho dch v c tc bit thay i vi yu cu v tr v jitter nh truyn hnh v VoIP. Loi III - TCONT cho cc dch v c m bo v tr. Loi IV - TCONT cho lu lng best-effort. Loi V - TCONT l kt hp ca hai hay nhiu loi X - TCONT trn. Bo co mu lun lng gi ti OLT bi mi ON bao gm mu ca mi loi TCONT v ch s cp pht t pha OLT. OLT s da vo loi TCONT ra quyt nh cp pht bng thng hng ln cho ONU.

Hnh 2-9: Bo co v phn b bng thng trong GPONTh tc cp pht ni chung gm cc bc sau:ON lu d liu thu bao cho luu lng hng ln vo b mKhi d liu cha trong b m c bo ti OLT nh mt yu cu ti mt thi im quy nh bi OLTOLT xc nh thi gian bt u truyn dn v khong thi gian truyn cho php (1/4 ca s truyn dn) ti ONU nh mt s cp phpONU nhn s cp php v truyn khi d liu xc nh

: GrantOLTONUAdataR dataTimeR dataTimeUser terminalTime: RequestHnh 2-10: Th tc cp pht bng thng trong GPONBo mt v m ha sa liBo mt: Do mng GPON l mng im - a im nn d liu hng xung c th c nhn bi tt c cc ONU. Cng ngh GPON s dng bo mt hng xung vi chun mt m tin tin AES (Advanced Encrytion Standard). D liu thu bao trong khung lung xung c bo v thng qua lc mt m ha AES v ch phn ti lun lng trong khung c m ho. Vi hng ln xem nh lin kt im - im v khng s dng m ha bo mt.

Sa li tin FEC (Forward Error Correction): Cng ngh GPON s dng phng php sa li tin FEC. FEC mang li kt qu tng qu ng truyn ln 3-HldB ( li m ha) v vy cho php tng tc bit v khong cch gia OLT v cc ONU cng nh h tr t s chia ln hn trong mng. FEC c ty chn s dng trong c hng ln v hng xung, dng m Reed Solomon thng l RS (255,239).

Kh nng cung cp bng thngHng xung:

Yu cu bng thng ca cc dch v c bn:Bng thng yu cu ca mt knh HDTV =18 MbisBng thng yu cu ca mt knh SDTV = 3 MbisTruy cp Internet tc cao =100 Mbis trn mi thu bao vi t l dng chung 20:1Voice IP tc 100 Kbis

Trong tc hng xung ca GPON = 2,488 Mbit/s X hiu sut 92% = 2289 Mbis. Trong ng dng nhiu nhm ngi s dng (MDU: multiple- dwelling-unit), vi t l chia l 1:32, GPON c th cung cp dch v c bn bao gm truy cp Internet tc cao v Voice n 32 ONU, mi ONU cung cp cho 8 thu bao.Hng ln:

IT G 984 GPON khng nhng c kh nng h tr tt c cc yu cu v h thng mng m cn cung cp mt c ch QoS ring cho lp PON vt ra ngoi cc phng thc Ethernet lp 2 v phn loi dch v (Class of Service - CoS) IP lp 3 m bo vic phn pht cc thng tin voice, video v TDM cht lng cao thng qua mi trng chia s trn nn TDMA. Tuy nhin, cc c ch CoS lp 2 v lp 3 ch c th t mc ti a l QoS lp truyn ti. Neu lp truyn ti c tr v dung sai ln th vic phn chia mc u tin dch v khng cn ngha. i vi TDMA PON, dung lng cung cp QoS hng ln s b hn ch khi tt c cc ON ca PON s dng ht bng thng hng ln v u tin ca n trong TDMA. Hng ln GPON c thng lng n 1,25 Gbits/s.GPON s dng bng thng ngoi bng cp pht bn vi khi nim khi lu lng (T-CONT) cho hng ln. Khung thi gian hng ln v hng xung s dng khung tiu chun vin thng 8 kHz (125 ps), v cc dch v c ng gi vo cc khung theo nguyn bn ca n thng qua qu trnh m hnh ng gi GPON (GEM). Ging nh trong SONET/SDH, GPON cung cp kh nng chuyn mch bo v vi thi gian nh hn 50ms. iu c bn lm cho GPON c tr thp l do tt c lun lng hng ln TDMA t cc ONU c ghp vo trong mt khung 8 KHz. Mi khung hng xung bao gm mt bn cp pht bng thng hiu qu c gi qung b n tt c cc ONU v c th h tr tnh nng tinh chnh cp pht bng thng. C ch ngoi bng ny cho php GPON DBA h tr vic iu chnh cp pht bng thng nhiu ln m khng cn phi sp xp li ti u ha tn dng bng thng.Bng thng hu ch:

Cng ngh GPON h tr tc ln ti 1,25 Gbit/s hoc 2,5 Gbit/s hng xung, v hng ln, h tr nhiu mc tc trong khong t 155 Mbit/s n 2,5 Gbit/s. Hiu sut s dng bng thng t trn 90%.Kh nng cung cp dch vc im dch v: GPON c trin khai p ng t l dung lng dch v/chi ph khi so snh vi mng cp ng/DSL v mng HFC c dung lng nh v cc mng SDH/SONET cng nh gii php quang Ethernet im - im c chi ph cao. V vy n ph hp vi cc h gia nh, doanh nghip va v nh, chnh ph v cc c quan cng s.

Cc dch v b ba dnh cho h gia nh:GPON c pht trin mang n cc dch v th h mi nh IPTV, truyn hnh theo yu cu, game trc tuyn, Internet tc cc cao v VoIP vi chi ph hiu qu, bng thng ln v cht lng m bo cho cc thu bao h gia nh.IP qung b qua cu hnh im - a im cho php mt lung video c th truyn ti nhiu thu bao mt cch ng thiKh nng cp pht bng thng ng v phc v qu ti cho php cc nh cung cp dch v ti u ha bng thng quang, to ra nhiu li nhun hn. Bng thng ln v dch v linh hot ca GPON gip cho GPON tr thnh mt s la chn hon ho cho vic cung cp dch v ti nhiu h thu bao MDU (Multiple Dwelling Units) nh cc ta nh, khch sn, chung c. GPON ONU c th phc v nh cc DSLAM VDSL2.Vi cc doanh nghip va v nh: GPON l s la chn hon ho cho cc doanh nghip va v nh c yu cu v thoi, truy nhp Internet, VPN v cc dch v Tl/El vi chi ph hp l. GPON c bng thng ln v c tnh nng QoS cho php cc dch v lp doanh nghip c th c cung cp trn cng c s h tng nh cc dch v h gia nh nhm loi tr yu cu xy dng c s h tng mi.Vi Chnh ph, Gio dc v Y t: Th trng cc c quan chnh ph yu cu cc dch v d liu v thoi c cht lng cao v bng thng ln vi chi ph thp. Kh nng ca GPON cho php phc v hiu qu mt s lng ln thu bao cc khu vc trung tm vn phng chnh ph, cc trng hc, bnh vin cng nh cc khu vui chi gii tr, khu cng nghip. Chnh quyn mt s quc gia thit lp mng GPON cung cp cc dch v thoi v d liu tc cao cho lc lng cnh st, vn phng chnh ph, ta n v cc lc lng cu ha, c nhim nng cao cht lng phc v cng ng. GPON l cch tt nht mang n cc trng hc Internet tc cao v cc dch v bng rng khc.Khong cch OLT - ONU: Gii hn c ly ca cng ngh GPON hin ti c quy nh trong khong 20 km v cung cp t l chia ln ti 1:128 (hin ti thng s dng t l 1:32).Cc ng dng c bn trong mng:

GPON c ng dng ch yu trong cc mng sau:GPON c ng dng trong cc mng truy nhp quang FTTx cung cp cc dch v nh IPTV, VoD, RF Video (chng ln), Internet tc cao, VoIP, Voice TDM vi tc d liu/ thu bao c th t lOOOMbps, h tr QoS y .Gii tr - CATV, HDTV, PPV, PDVR, IPTV - H thng ng ln Video hon thin cho modem DOCSIS v dch v Video tng tc, truyn hnh v tinh; tt c cc dch v trn cp quang GPON.Thng tin lin lc - Cc ng thoi, thng tin lin lc, Truy cp internet, intranet tc cao, Truy cp internet khng dy ti nhng a im cng cng, ng bng thng ln (BPLL) v lm backhaul cho mng khng dyBo mt - Camera, Bo chy, bo t nhp, Bo ng an ninh, trung tm iu khin 24/7 vi kh nng gim st, backup d liu, SAN

Mt s vn cn quan tm trong tnh ton thit k mng GPONVic tnh ton, thit k i vi mng GPON cn quan tm ti mt s vn sau:

m bo cc iu kin v thng s k thut cng ngh nh m t trong mc 2.4. (cc thng s k thut ca GPON).

m bo cc c tnh k thut c bn lp vt l:Khi nimHng xungHng ln

Di thng c bn1480-15001260-1360Bc sng (nm)Di thng tng cng (opl)1539-15651260-1360

Di thng tng cng (op2)1550-15601260-1360Cng sut raLp A-3 n -7,5-7,5 n 0

Lp B-2,5 n +2-5,5 n +2

Lp c-0,5 n +4-3,5 n +4Suy hao knh (tLp A2020

Lp B2525l chia 1:64) dB

Lp c3030 nhy b thuLp A-28,5-28,5

Lp B-28,5-31,5(dBm)

Lp c-31,5-34,5

Bng tn hot ng: i vi hng xung, OLT phn phi cc gi d liu ti mi ONU trong di bc sng t 1480 ti 1500 nm, thng thng cc thit b hin ti s dng bc sng 1490 nm. Cc ONU gi d liu ng ln OLT trong di bc sng 1260 nm n 1360 nm, thng thng cc thit b hin ti s dng bc sng 1310 nm.Xc nh t l phn tch (hin ti s dng ph bin 2 loi l 1:32 v 1:64).m bo c ly gia OLT v ONU/ONT trong gii hn cho php (< 20 km).

Kt lunQua cc nghin cu trn, chng ta c th rt ra mt s c im c bn ca cng ngh GPON nh sau:

Cng ngh GPON c ITU chun ho trong cc tiu chun ITU G984.XK thut truy nhp s dng trong GPON l TDMA.H tr nhiu loi tc truy nhp ng ln t 155 Mbit/s n 2,5 Gbis, h tr hai tc truy nhp ng xung 1,25 Gbis v 2,5 Gbit/s.Hng ti mng cung cp dch v y , h tr c cc dch v TDM v Ethernet vi hiu sut s dng bng thng cao.Vn tc nghn lu lng v nhng vn lin quan ca mng truy nhp quang tc cao c gii quyt bng cc th tc nh c v phn nh bng tn ng vi cc phng php kim xot vng vi chu k thch ng, c ch lp lch quay vng khng y v c bit l c ch phn nh bng tn s dng tp thng bo nhiu hng i.Cc th tc iu khin v bo hiu trong GPON on gin nhng vn m bo gii quyt cc vn c bn v k thut ca mng truy nhp bng rng tc cao, p ng cc yu cu k thut ca dch v, iu khin cho GPON l cng ngh s dng bng thng hiu qu nht trong cc loi cng ngh PON hin c. CHNG 3. TRIN KHAI GPON TRN MNG VIN THNG H NI3.1. Hin trng mng truy nhp bng rng ca Vin thng HN 3.1.1 Mng MAN-E- Cu trc mng MAN-E ti khu vc H ni c n thng 4/2009 bao gm:+ 04 Core CES - Cisco 7609 lp t ti inh Tin Hong, c Giang, Cu Giy, Thng nh kt ni vi nhau theo cu hnh Ring 10GE, mi Core CES c nng lc chuyn mch 720 Gbps. s giao din GE l 136 v 10GE l 8, phn b iu cho 04 Core CES.+ 16 Agg CES - Cisco 7609, mi Agg CES c nng lc chuyn 720 Gbps lp t ti 16 tng i Host: inh Tin Hong, Nguyn Du, Trn Kht Chn, Gip bt, c Giang, Tru Qu, ng Anh, Ph l, cu Giy, Hng Vng, Lng trung, Nam Thng Long, Thng nh, Ch Da, Kim Lin, Thanh Tr. Cc Agg CES kt ni ln cc Core CES qua 2 hng, mi hng OlxGE. S lng cng GE quang l 416, FE quang l 768 cng.+ 64 Acc CES gm 48 Cisco 7609 v 28 Cisco 4924, mi Acc CES c nng lc chuyn 720 Gbps , phn truy nhp c kt ni bng 2 lung cp quang vi bng thng 2 X lGbps ln Agg CES.-Ti Khu vc H Ty c:+ 04 Agg CES - Cisco 7609 lp t ti H ng, Sn Ty, ng Ho v Ho Lc kt ni vi nhau theo cu hnh Ring 20GE, mi Core CES c nng lc chuyn mch 720 Gbps. s giao din GE l 10 v 10GE l 28 phn b cho 04 Core CES.+ 20 Acc CES - Cisco 7609 v 7606, mi Acc CES c nng lc chuyn 720 Gbps lp t ti 19 tng i: H ng, Sn Ty, Chng M, Ngi Cu, Hoi c, an Phng, Ba V, Tn Lnh, Sn Lc, Xun Mai, Quc Oai,Thch Tht, Bnh , M c, Thng Tn, Ta v Ph Xuyn. Cc Acc CES kt ni vi nhau v qua cc Agg CES, Ring nxlOGE. s lng cng 10GE l 34, GE quang l 565 cng.- Vin thng H ni ang trin khai lp t thit b theo cu hnh mng MAN- E giai on 2007-2008 c Lnh o Tp on ph duyt, c th:+ M rng 04 Core CES : Kt ni 04 Core CES thnh Ring 50Gbps (5x10GE) ; kt ni ln Core Internet ca VDC vi bng thng 7x1 OGE ; kt ni ln PE/VTN vi bng thng 2x1 OGE. Mi Core CES c 24 cng GE kt ni cc BRAS cng v tr v cc h thng trong tng lai.+ M rng 16 Agg CES : sau khi m rng, tng s giao din GE trn 16 Agg CES s l 750 cng GE quang v 786 cng FE quang. Cc Agg CES kt ni ln Core CES bng 2x1 OGE+ Lp t mi 48 Access CES vi tng dung lng 654 cng GE quang. Cc Acc CES ni ln Agg CES bng giao din 2x1 GE quang.Cu trc mng MEN ca Vin thng H ni c m t ti hnh 3-1.-#-

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Hnh 3-1: cu trc mng MAN-E ca Vin thng H ni

Mng cp quang :Mng cp quang trung k :

Mng cp quang trung k khu vc H ni c (Ring II, Ring III) hin nay c tng chiu di khong 1000 Km. Hin dang trin khai lp dt mng Ring III giai don 2007-2008 vi tng chiu di khong 330 Km cp quang c dung lng t 24 Fo dn 96 Fo.Ti Khu vc H Ty c, Mng cp quang trung k (Ring n, Ring III) hin nay c tng chiu di khong 303 km cp quang dung lng t 8 Fo dn 48 Fo. Trong d:

+ Cp cng: 129,7 km.+ Cp treo: 172,3 km.Hin dang trin khai lp dt mng cp quang Ring III kt ni 32 dim chuyn mch mi vi tng chiu di khong 135 km. Dung lng mi tuyn quang l 48 Fo.Mng cp quang truy nhp:

Ti khu vc H ni c: Tng s si quang truy nhp hin c khong 11.500 Fo. ang trin khai thi cng d n FTTx giai don 2007-2008 vi tng dung lng khong 17000 Fo v tng chiu di cp quang khong 577 Km. Nh vy, trong giai don 2009-2010, hu ht mng cp quang truy nhp ca Vin thng H ni d sn sng cho vic trin khai dch v FTTx ti khch hng.Ti Khu vc H Ty c :ang trin khai xy dng mng truy nhp cp quang phc v du ni cc C quan, ng, Chnh quyn vi tng chiu di khong 20,5 km. D kin trin khai tip mng truy nhp cp quang FTTH nhm dp ng nhu cu s dng cc dch v bng rng ti cc khu cng nghip, d th mi v kt ni truyn dn cho cc trm BTS 3G, cc trm BTS dang s dng phng thc truyn dn viba ca Vinaphone. Tng chiu di d kin khong 925 km cp quang cc loi (dung lng t 4 Fo dn 96 Fo). Nh vy, trong nm 2010, mng cp quang truy nhp ti khu vc H Ty c dm bo sn sng cho vic trin khai dch v FTTH ti Khch hng.Mng cp quang truy nhp dc xy dng theo cu trc sau:

+ Mng cp quang FTTH dc d xut theo cu trc dim - dim v dim - da dim vi dim du l cc ODF tp trung dt ti cc tng di; dim phi cp l cc mng sng, t phi cp; dim truy nhp mng/kt cui l cc mng sng hoc ODF loi nh.+ Mng cp quang truy nhp dc xy dng theo phn vng phc v ca cc tng di.+ Dung lng cp quang ko t tng di Host l 96 Fo, t cc tng di v tinh l 64 Fo.+ Kt ni t dim truy nhp/kt cui mng dn Khch hng s dng cp thu bao si quang, dung lng t 4 Fo dn 8 Fo (ti khu vc H ty c dung lng t 2 Fo dn 4 Fo).+ Cc dim truy nhp mng/kt cui dc la chn dm bo yu cu v chiu di cp thu bao si quang t dim truy nhp mng/kt cui ti nh Khch hng < 1 km (ti khu vc H ty c =4Mbp tr ln v cc thu bao c doanh thu >=450.000/thng v mt s khch hng tim nng.

- Kt ni E1 ti cc trm vin thng TDM, v d nh kt ni cc BTS, BSC v MSC.Kho st nhu cu s dng cc dch v mng cp quang cakhch hng trn a bn TP H ni:3.3.1. Nhu cu dch v vin thng ca cc CO quan ng, Chnh phMt trng tm cn phi xt dn cu cung cp dch v kt ni da trn c s h tng mng vin thng ca Vin thng H ni l vic trin khai d n Tin hc ha qun l hnh chnh Nh nc (gi tt l n 112). Vi mc tiu ca d n l xy dng h thng thng tin phc v qun l ca cc c quan hnh chnh Nh nc; thc dy mnh m vic hin di ha cng ngh hnh chnh, thc hin tin hc ha cc quy trnh phc v nhn dn trong cc lnh vc dch v cng, nng cao nng lc ca cc c quan hnh chnh Nh nc trong vic cung cp cc dch v cng cho nhn dn v doanh nghip dc thun tin, nhanh gn v cht lng cao. Xt dn mc tiu thc hin ca d n ny th nhu cu cung cp cc kt ni truy nhp dn cc c quan hnh chnh ng, Chnh quyn v cc doanh nghip l rt ln cng nh vic kt ni trn mng din rng ca cc c quan ny v kt ni truy nhp c s d liu dng chung. Theo d n 112 th mng cc b ca cc dn v thuc cc c quan ng, Chnh quyn thnh ph H ni s dc kt ni thng qua cc knh thu ring tc d Nx2 Mbps hoc Nx64Kbps v cc dim tp trung v kt ni vi mng trc d hnh thnh mt mng din rng trn phm vi c nc. Tuy nhin, trong hon cnh hin ti, vi s bng n rt nhanh v nhu cu trao di thng tin v vic p dng cng ngh truyn dn chuyn mch th h mi nhm dp ng nhu cu bng thng kt ni cho ngi s dng th vic thay th kt ni truyn thng knh th ring kiu TDM nh d ni trn bng hnh thc kt ni mi c tc d truyn ti cao hn (lOMbps, lOOMbps, lGbps ...) l gii php mang tnh kh thi hn.

Theo s liu diu tra kho st, danh mc cc c quan ng v Nh nc thuc cp thnh ph, qun, huyn, x phng v thi trn trn da bn thnhph H ni gm c:31 tr s Thnh y, Qun u, Huyn u,51 tr s s, UBND qun/huyn

Theo d, s lng v nhu cu kt ni ca khi cc c quan ng, chnh quyn v cc don th l kh ln. Mt dc dim cn nhn mnh dy l tr s ca cc c quan ng v chnh quyn phn b theo cc dn v hnh chnh, da l. Do vy vic cung cp cc kt ni hin ti v trong tng lai cho cc don v ny di hi phi dc trin khai trn ton b c s h tng mng Vin Thng H ni. Gii php c th:Xy dng 02 mng VPN mi s dng cp quang ti tt c cc nhnh:01 mng VPN gm 31 nhnh phc v kt ni Thnh y ti cc Qun y v Huyn y.01 mng VPN gm 51 nhnh phc v kt ni UBND ti cc S v cc UBND Qun, Huyn.

u dim ca cu hnh mng cp quang mi:Khng b hin tng nghn c chai ti do cc nhnh du c kh nng nng cp tc d ln dn 1 Gbps.Cc thit b du cui du c h tr kh nng cung cp da dch v: video, voice v data trn cc nhnh VPN.H tr kh nng phn chia cc dch v ra theo cc nhm mng.Thit lp VPN trn nn dch v MetroNet, cp si quang dc ko dn tn nh khch hng nn dm bo d n dnh cng nh cht lng dch v rt cao.

3.3.2. Nhu cu dch v vin thng ca khi cc doanh nghip, t chc, gio dc o toTrong vi nm tr li dy vi s tng trng mnh v kinh t ca c nc ni chung v dc bit l H ni v mt s thnh ph ln khc; S pht trin v kinh t, nhu cu s dng my tnh v mng my tnh kt ni trao di, truy cp v lu tr thng tin dang pht trin ti mc bng n mi lnh vc hot dng ca di sng x hi nh trong lnh vc sn xut, kinh doanh, ti chnh, ngn hng, gio dc, do to, y t.... Cc loi hnh cung cp dch v kt ni vin thng tin hc ti thnh ph H ni c th phn chia cc dng sau dy:Cc dch v cung cp kt ni cho cc nh khai thc v cung cp dch v vin thng tin hc v dch v gia tng: Bao gm cc cng ty c nhu cu kt ni nh: Viettel, Saigon Postel, Cng ty Vin thng din lc, FPT, H Ni Telecom, cng ty vin thng Hng hi, .... V dc bit l cc nhu cu cung cp bng thng kt ni d trin khai dch v 3G ca cc mng di dng ln nh Vinaphone, MobiFone, k hoch dn ht nm 2010, VTHN s cung cp kt ni quang cho 2000 trm BTS.Cc doanh nghip ln nh cc Tng cng ty, cc doanh nghip hot dng trong lnh vc Ngn hng, Ti chnh, Bo him. Cc doanh nghip ny thng c nhng c s d liu dng chung nn c nhu cu rt ln v kt ni truy nhp ni b trong phm vi thnh ph H ni v kt ni vi mng ring trong phm vi ton quc. in hnh l cc dn v nh Ngn hng Cng thng, VIETCOMBANK, Ngn hng NN&PTNT, Ngn Hng TMCP Hng hi, Ngn hng TMCP Chu, TECOMBANK, Kho bc Nh nc ...Cc trung tm thng mi, khch sn, vn phng cho thu, cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut. Hin ti H ni d c hng nghn cc khu cng nghip, d th mi, khu chung c, cc ta nh vn phng thng mi, do d nhu cu kt ni bng thng rng khu vc ny rt ln.Cc trng hc, bnh vin, vin nghin cu, cc doanh nghip va v nh, cc nh my, ...

Nhu cu ca ni b Vin thng H niVin thng H ni hin ti c 10 dn v trc thuc gm Cng ty in thoi 1,2,3, Cng ty Dch v Vin thng, Trung tm iu hnh thng tin,

trung tm dch v khch hng, trung tm tin hc, Cng ty dch v vt t, Cc ban qun l d n; Qun l 18 tng di HOST, 2 tng di Tandem, 1 tng di CityPhone, 300 v tinh.Vin thng H ni cng c nhng nhu cu kt ni ni b trong mng vin thng ca mnh gia cc don v thnh vin, gia cc dim dt thit b nhm mc dch thc hin thng nht qun l, diu hnh sn xut kinh doanh bng mng my tnh kt ni ni b. Do mng Vin thng H ni l kh ln, cc don v tham gia sn xut kinh doanh, cung cp dch v cho khch hng l nhiu; dng thi VTHN cng d xy dng cc phn mm diu hnh SXKD, cung cp dch v khch hng v tin hc ha tt c cc khu trong qui trnh sn xut, nn khi lng d liu trao di trn mng l kh nhiu, gii php kt ni tt nht cho cc nt mng chuyn mch dnh tuyn ca mng ny l thc hin qua cc giao din Ethernet 100/1000/1000 Mbps.3.4. Xy dng cu trc mng GPON Vin thng H ni:3.4.1. Nguyn tc xy dng mng:3.4.1.1 Nguyn tc chung:Lp dt cc OLT ti cc di trm v du ni uplink vi thit b CES (thuc mng MAN E) s dng kt ni GE/10GE. Cc OLT s dt cng v tr vi CES.Lp dt ti da 2 cp b chia/ghp quang th dng (Splitter). Vic lp dt b chia phi tnh ti vn d suy hao d dm bo khi lp thit b vo h thng hot dng dc theo ng nh tnh ton.Suy hao ti da trong mng quang th dng khng qu 28dB (tnh t OLT dn ONU/ONT). Suy hao quang ph thuc vo nhiu yu t nh du ni quang, du ni tch cc, du ni c kh, suy hao si quang, suy hao b chia quang w... dy chi xt 3 tham s lin quan dn suy hao d l suy hao connector, suy hao si quang bao gm c cc mi hn v suy hao b chia quang.

Ch : Trong vic thit k, khi t 1 h chia no vo h thng, cho d cha dng ht cong nhung so lng suy hao van tnh hng gi tr suy hao tng ng ca thit h v d nh i vi b chia 1:64 l 20,5dBThng s suy hao lin quan dn b chia v si quang nh sau: Suy hao connector quangLoi connectorscSC/APCSuy hao (dB)0.30.3Suy hao ln nht0.50.5Suy hao b chia/ghp quang

T l1:21:41:81:161:321:64Suy hao ln nht (dB)3.57.310.513.817.120.5Suy hao si quang bao gm cc mi hn

Loi siBc sngSuy hao (dB/km)Si on mode13100.35Si dn mode14900.35Si on mode15500.25

Khong cch ti da gia OLT v ONU/ONT l 20 km. C th trin khai thit b ONU/ONT trong nh hoc ngoi dng, tuy nhin cn ch l thit b ny cn ngun cung cp.Cc Splitter s dc dt ti dim truy nhp quang, v c th dt ti dim phi quang nu tht cn thit v thit b ny khng cn cp ngun. Dung lng chia/ghp c th l 1:2, 1:4, 1:8, 1:16, 1:32, 1:64. Vic dt spliter phi tnh ton d dm bo ti da khng qu 64 cng quang cung cp ti khch hng trn 1 cng GPON ca OLT.Ch trin khai ti cc da dim cc khu vc c mt d thu bao cao, trung tm thnh ph, khu cng nghip, khu ch xut, khu cng ngh cao, khu kinh t m, d th dc bit, d th loi 1, d th loi 2.Bng thng dnh cho mi thu bao (dovvnload) yu cu l 17Mbps dn 35 Mbps. S lng thu bao ti da cho mt cng GPON dovvnlink t OLT l 128, d dm bo mi thu bao c bng thng kt ni ti thiu l 17Mbps.Kh nng bng thng uplink l 1,25Gbps (bng thng thc t l 1160 Mbps) v dovvnlink l 2,5 Gbps (bng thng thc t l 2300 Mbps) trn mt dng kt ni GPON.Lp dt ti da 2 cp b chia/ghp quang th dng (Splitter). t splitter (gi l splitter cp 1) ti v tr ph hp vi da l tng vng d phc v kt ni ti cc cm thu bao v dt cng gn thu bao cng tt d ti u ho vic s dng si quang. t splitter cp hai ti cc cm thu bao c s thu bao >10, v s ko thng cp quang ti tng thu bao thuc cm thu bao < 10 t splitter cp 1.Trin khai mi ton b cc si cp da trn cc cng b sn c, hn ch ti da vic xy dng cng b mi. Trong trng hp khong cch l OLT dn cc Splitter > lOkm th u tin s dng si cp cn trng trn -#-

-#-

-# -

tuyn cp c. Trong giai don trc mt cn trin khai gp th c th s dng cc tuyn cp t CES xung cc 1PDSLAM/MSAN d dc du t trong d n Man E.S lng cp quang gc: Thng thng cc si cp quang gc c dung lng ti thiu t 48 di si quang tr lnCc dim phn phi cp (DP) u tin s dng mng xng quang, trong cc trng hp tht cn thit c th dng ODF. Nu dng ODF th yu cu cu trc Module lp trong cc Rack tiu chun ETS1, dc dt ngoi tri hoc trong nh tu theo da bn, phi c kho ca d bo v, t phi phi c kh nng lp dt b chia/ghp (Splitter) cho mng GPON, hp ph kin quang (cassette, chuyn di quang, suy hao, dy nhy...)S lng cp quang phi: thng thng si cp quang phi c dung lng t 24 di si quang tr ln.Cc dim truy nhp/kt cui (AP) dc s dng l ODF loi nh, c dung lng t 24 FO dn 48 FO treo trn tng/ct, trong b cp hoc lp trn b bc ngoi tri, trong nh, phi c kho bo v v phi c kh nng lp dt b chia/ghp (Splitter).S lng cp quang thu bao: thng thng cc si cp quang thu bao c dung lng nh 4 si.Chun du ni quang l loi SC/APC.1.2 Cc bc xy dng cu hnh mng:La chn hnh thc cung cp FTTx La chn khu vc trin khaiD bo s lng thu bao (da trn s lng thu bao POST v xDSL hin c).Tnh ton s lng thit bTnh ton dung lng kt ni ln mng MANXc nh da dim lp dt thit bXy dng cu hnh mng

3.4.2. Xy dng mng cho VNPT H ni: thun li cho vic qun l, khai thc v bo dng mng truy nhp cp quang, trnh trng hp 1 trm OLT phi phc v mng ca nhiu Trung tm vin thng khc nhau; Mt khc, mng cp quang Ring 2,3 ca Vin thng H ni ch yu dc dng d kt ni cc thit b mng nn nng lc rt h ch, v vy cn trnh trng hp phi s dng soi quang trn cc tuyn quang Ring 2,3 d cung cp cho cc thu bao FTTx. Do vy Vin thng H ni s la chn dim dt OLT cn c theo phn vng phc v ca tng di, OLT dt trong vng phc v ca tng di no s ch dp ng nhu cu thu bao thuc phn vng ca tng di d.i vi cc thit b ONU (MDU) cho cu trc FTTB du c giao din Downlink l VDSL2, FE/GE, POTS. Tuy nhin, vic trin khai lp dt MDU yu cu phi c:o Phng lp dt thit b ring, dp ng cc diu kin cn thit v mitrng: v sinh, nhit d.o p ng cc yu cu v ngun din (AC/DC), chng st, tip t...o m bo an ton.Trong giai don 2009 - 2010, Vin thng H Ni s u tin la chn gii php FTTH v:o Khch hnh c nhu cu s dng dch v bng rng du tp trung ti:Cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut.Cc bnh vin, trng di hc.Cc to nh vn phng, cc khu d th mi.

Cc c quan, ban ngnh ti trung tm cc qun, huyn.

o Giai on du s lng thu bao FTTx khng nhiu nn thit b Splitter s dc trin khai trong cc trm vin thng, ti cc to nh cao tng v cc dim tp trung nhiu thu bao.o Vi cu trc FTTH cp quang s dc lp dt ti tn thit b ca Khch hng, diu ny dp ng s tho mn ca Khch hng v khng phi du t thm thit b O/E ti pha khch hng (nu s dng giao din FE/GE quang ti ONU s phi du t thm thit b O/E).o Vic trin khai cp UTP Cat5 ti cc to nh cc k' kh khn do h thng lun cp c sn ti cc to nh khng sn sng cho vic trin khai lp dt s lng ln cp UTP. Mt khc, cp UTP ch dp ng cc yu cu k thut vi chiu di < 100 mt.Do vy, d cung cp giao din VDSL2 cho cc KH cc to nh cao tng ti cc khu d th mi (d c sn mng cp dng), Vin thng H Ni la chn s dng thit b ONU ch c giao din VDSL2 dt gn cc t cp dng. i vi cc khch hng c nhu cu s dng kt ni giao din FE/GE s trin khai lp dt cp thu bao si quang dung lng 2 Fo hoc 4 Fo ko t cc cng PON ti Splitter ti thit b ONT dt ti nh KH.Nh vy nguyn tc trin khai c th nh sau:Lp dt cc OLT ti cc nh trm dt thit b tng di v du ni Uplink vi CES gn nht (thuc mng MAN-E) s dng 2xGE quang hoc 3xGE quang.Lp dt ti da 02 cp Splitter ti cc v tr ph hp d kt ni ti cc thu bao, dm bo ti u vic s dng si quang trn mng.Lp dt cc ONU/ONT ti cc to nh, cc cn h d cung cp cc giao din VDSL2, FE/GE din hoc quang.H s d phng thit b l 1,4.Mng FTTx-GPON dc trin khai ti cc khu vc sau:

Cc ta nh cao tng, vn phng.Cc Chung c cao cpCc ta nh cao tng kt hp cn h cao cp.Cc khu bit th cao cpCc chung c cao tng, nh chia l, bit th ti cc khu d th mi.Cc khu cng nghip, khu ch xut.Cc bnh vin, trng di hc.Cc c quan, ban ngnh ti trung tm cc qun, huyn.

Thu bao GPON ti tng khu vc dc d bo trn c s s lng thu bao POTS v ADSL dn ht nm 2008:

Thu bao ADSL dc d bo bng 60% thu bao POTS.Thu bao GPON dc d bo bng 30% thu bao ADSL (ring khu vc H Ty c d bo bng 15% dn 20% thu bao ADSL (tuv theo tng khu vc).Cc ta nh vn phng kt hp cn h cao cp s s dng c kt ni VDSL2 v FE/GE vi t l (FE/GE)/VDSL2 l 2:1.Cc khu bit th cao cp, khu cng nghip, bit th ti cc khu d th mi s dng kt ni FE/GE.Cc khu chung c cao tng ti cc khu d th mi (d c sn mng cp dng) s dng kt ni VDSL2.Theo kt qu d bo, s thu bao GPON nhu sau:

Khu vc H ni c: 5929 thu bao VDSL2; 5255 thu bao FE/GE.KHu vc H Ty c: 931 thu bao VDSL2; 2.721 thu bao FE/GE. (Bng thong k s lng thu hao ADSL, POST hin c v d ho thu hao GPON trnh hy ti ph lc so 1).Kt qu tnh ton bng thng: s dng phng php tnh, bng chi s (bng s 3-2) d dc hng dn ti ph lc km theo quyt dnh s 588/2007/Q-VT v c tnh dn cc yu t dc trng theo cu trc mng H Ni. Bng tnh ton bng thng chi tit cho mng GPON Vin thng H ni trnh by ti bng s 3-3.

Bng 3-2: Bng ch s bng thngLoithubaoBng thngCc tham s s dng tnh bng thng

TnGi tr (Mbps/thu bao)Tn nghaGi trThoi0.017alT l thu bao thoi s dng Codecl80%

a2T l thu bao thoi s dng Codec220%

CodeclBng thng 1 thu bao thoi dng Codec 1128 kbps

Codec2Bng thng 1 thu bao thoi dng Codec239 kbps

ccT l s dng dng thi15%TruynhpInternetbl + b2 ADSL2+ v SHDSL0.175bwlBng thng truy nhp Intemct/1 thuc bao (*)200 kbps

URrT l Rcsidential90%

CC1T l truy nhp Internet dng thi chim bng thng20%

bw2Bng thng truy nhp Intemct/1 thuc bao2,048 kbps

URbT l Bussiness10%

CC2Tv l truy nhp Internet dng thi70%

b3(Ethernet)1.60bw3Bng thng truy nhp Intemct/1 thuc bao2,048 kbps

CC3Tv l truy nhp Internet dng thi80%

b4(VDSL2)1.60bw4Bng thng truy nhp Intcmcl thu bao2,048 kbps

CC4T l truy nhp Internet dng thi80%VPNcl(ADSL2+)0.005cwlBng thng truy nhp/1 thuc bao640 kbps

URaT l thu bao s dng dch v1%

T l truy nhp ng thi70%

c2(SHDSL)0.70cw2Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao1,024 kbps

T l truy nhp ng thi70%

c3(Ethernet)3.50cw3Bng thng truy nhp/1 thu bao5 Mbps

T l truy nhp ng thi70%

c4(VDSL2)1.40cw3Bng thng truy nhp/1 thuc bao2 Mbps

T l truy nhp ng thi70%VoDdl(ADSL2+)0.01dwlBng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao2,048 kbps

SulT l thu bao ADSL2+ s dng dch v5%

URvlT l thu bao chicm bng thng10%

dw2Bng thng truy nhp Intcmcl thuc bao2,048 kbps

d2(VDSL2)0.1Su2T l thu bao VDSL2+ s dng dch v50%

URv2T l thu bao chim bng thng10%

ChTng knh IP/TV100IP/TVE (Mbps)200ewlBng thng truy nhp /1 thu bao2,048 kbps

Bng 3-3: Tnh on bng (hng chi tit cho mng GPON Vin thng H nistta imBng thng InternetBng thng VPNBngthngBngBng thng iratOLTBngthng u t cho hng OLT uplinkBWcntha

VDSI.2KthemetVDSL2KthemetVoDIPTV

(Mbps)B3(Mbps)C4(Mbps)C3(Mbps)D2(Mbps)E(Mbps)cs(Mbps)(Mbps)(Mbps)(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)(10)(11)A VNG TY NAM1OI ;r Cu Giy1399331631120053720488972OI ;r Hong Cu A621461480520050720489273OLT Ngoe Khnh139200311101120069120487434OLT Lng H771261769620049520489395om .ngTrung31807443200365204810696OLTThL31887483200377204810577OI ;r Hong I loa 'Ihm13915831871120062620488088OLT Vn Phc93812145820044820489869OI/r Thy Kh10817224949200607204882710OLT Nam 'Ihng Long18590414915200580204885411OLT Nguyn Phng S6272144052003932048104112OLT Lin Mc185

41

15200441204899313OI ;r th Xun nh154

34

122004002048103414OI ;r Trung Yn26241582321200605204882915OLTCu Din246

54

202005202048914

16OLTThe Manor18539412115200501204893317Oi;r M nh - M Tr937187205103742001706307244518OLT M inh6468214245512001166204826819OI ;n l Linh m76816416890602001450307270120OLT Bc Linh m738397162217582001772307237921OLT nh Gng23168851376182001564307258722OLTCiputra3841928410530200995204843923OLT Php Vn -THip646

142

512001039204839524oi;rThanh.X.Bc 2231131517218200703204873125OLTHost Kim Lin43119295105342001057204837726OLT Kim Lin169

37

142004202048101427OLT Hong Cu B10847242692004142048102028OI ,T ng Tin Pflng262139587621200756204867829Tng i Cng Moc9310821598200489204894530Tng i Nhn Chnh541308148168532001418204816BVNG NG BC31OLTHost inh Tin I ong24613835475620200265940%20932OLT Nguyn Du935302129082001142204829233OLT Cung Vn Ho1693203717514200915204851934OLTVnH6285144752004132048102135OLT Mai Hc 1392813115411200816204861836OLT 831. Thng Kit1542263412412200750204868437OLT Nguyn Cng Tr4773II4042003752048105938Ol ,T Hng Hnh93285211568200763204867139OLT Yn Ph 147144II794200485204894940OLT Yn Ph 23111676332004202048101441OLTVCB- 198 Trn Quang Khi318274532003682048106642OLT Nguyn Hu llun108205241129200658204877643OLTTN Vit_Uns'1306

286

1022001894307225744OI ;r Pham Ng l-o

144

79

2004232048101145OLT Bch khoa

105

58

20036320481071BVNG HA TAY (C)

1OLTHaLc01090750200384204810502OI/r Chang M02210121020054220488923OIT Xun Mai0172094020046620489684OLTThngTn01110610200372204810625OLT Sn Ty01410770200418204810166OI,T Sn l.c01080590200367204810677OLT H })6ng02270124020055120488838OLTMl^o799354019463200161030725419OLT Vn Qun38456084306302001564307258710OLTXaU738313162171582001642307250911OLT Hoi c047702610200938204849612OLT Ngi Cu010405702003612048107313OLThgllo01620890200451204898314OI ;r Quc Oai040503102006362048798

Nh vy: s lng giao din Uplink ti mi OLT nh sau: Khu vc H ni c:+ 30 OLT dng 2xGE Uplink.+ 14 OLT dng 3xGE Uplink.+ 01 OLT dng 4xGE Uplink.Khu vc H Ty c:+ 10OLT dng 2xGE Uplink.+ 04OLT dng 3xGE Uplink.Bng 3-4: Danh sch cc trm OLT - GPONstta imS lng thit b lp t

I.oai thit hi -OLTKt n Uplink ti mang MAN - E

a dimI.oi thit h MAN-EA VNG TY NAM

1Host Cu GiyOLTHost Cu GiyCES2Tng i Hong Cu AOLTTng di Hong Cu ACHS3Tng i Ngc KhnhOLTTng i Ngc KhnhCES4Tng i Ivng HOLTTng di Hong Cu ACES

5Tng i Ivng TrungOLTTng i I-ng TrungCHS6Tng i Th LOLTTng i Lng TrungCES7Tng i Hong Hoa ThmOLTTng i H.H.ThmCHS8Tng i Vn PhcOLTTng i Van PhcCES9Tng i Thuy KhOLTTng i Thuy KheCHS10Tng i Nam Thng LongOLTT.i Nam Thng LongCHS11Tng i Nguyn Phng ScOLTT.i Nguyn Phng ScCES12Tng i Lin McOLTT.i Nam Thng LongCHS13Tng i th Xun nhOLTT.i Nam Thng LongCHS14Tng i Trung YnOLTHost Cu GiyCHS15Tng i Cu DinOLTTng i Cu DinCHS16Tng i The ManorOLTTng i VPSCHS17Tng i M nh - M TrOLTHost Cu GiyCHS18Tng i M nhOLTHost Cu GiyCHS19Tng i H Linh mOLTHost Thng nhCHS20Tng i Bc Linh mOLTHost Thng nhCHS21Tng i inh CngOLTTng i inh cngCHS22Tng i CiputraOLTT.i Nam Thng LongCHS23Tng i Php Vn - T HipOLTHost Thanh TrCHS24Tng i Thanh.X.Bc 2OLTTng di TXB 2CHS25Tng i Host Kim LinOLTTng i Host K.LinCHS26Tng i Kim LinOLTTng i Host K.LinCHS27Tng i Hong Cu BOLTTng i Hong Cu BCHS28Tng i ng Tin ngOLTTng i .T.ngCHS29Tng i Cng McOLTHost Thng nhCHS30Tng i Nhn ChnhOLTTng i Nhn ChnhCHSBVNG NG BC

31Host inh Tin HongOLTHost inh Tin HongCHS32Tng i Nguyn DuOLTHost Trn Kht ChnCHS33Tng i Cung Vn HoOLTTng di C.Vn HoCHS34Tng i Vn HOLTHost Trn Kht ChnCHS35Tng i Mai Hc OLTHost Trn Kht ChnCHS36Tng i 83 L Thng KitOLTHost Trn Kht ChnCHS37T.i Nguyn Cng TrOLTT Nguyn cng TrCHS38Tng i Hng HnhOLTTng di Hng HnhCHS39Tng i Yn Phu 1OLTTng i Yn Phu 1CHS40Tng i Yn Ph 2OLTTng i Yn Phu 1CHS41Tng i VCB - 198 Trn uang KhiOLTHost inh Tin HongCHS42Tng i Nguyn Hu HunOLTT.di Nguyn.H.HunCHS43Tng i TN Vit HngOLTTng i c GiangCHS44Tng i Phm Ng LoOLTHost inh Tin HongCHScVNG HA TAY (CU)

45Trm Vin thng Ho LcOLTTrm VT Ho LcCHS46Trm Vin thng Chng MOLTTrm VT Chong MCHS47Trm Vin thng Xun MaiOLTTrm VT Xun MaiCHS48Trm Vin thng Thng TnOLTTrm VT Thng TnCHS

-#-

-# -

49Trm Vin thng Sn TyOLTTrm VT Sn TyCHS50Trm Vin thng Sn LcOLTTrm VT Sn LcCHS51Trm Vin thng H ngOLTTrm VT H ngCHS52Trm Vin thng M I^aoOLTTrm VT H ngCHS53Trm Vin thng Vn QunOLTTrm VT H ngCHS54Trm Vin thng Xa LaOLTTrm VT H ngCHS55Trm Vin thng Hoi cOLTTrm VT Hoi cCHS56Trm Vin thng Ngi CuOLTTrm VT Ngi CuCHS57Trm Vin thng ng HoOLTTrm VTngHoCHS58Trm Vin thng Quc OaiOLTTrm VT Quc OaiCHS

s lng thit b GPON cn u t ti Khu vc H ni c (s liu c th trong bng 3-5):o Lp dt mi 45 thit b OLT vi tng dung lng l 97 GE Uplink, 226 cng GPON Dovvnlink 74 Card GPON), dm bo dp ng kt ni bng rng cho 18994 thu bao (lcng GPON dp ng dc 64 thu bao), o Lp dt mi 208 b ONU vi tng dung lng 8532 cng VDSL2 km theo 5929 modem VDSL2 d cung cp kt ni VDSL2 cho 5929 thu bao VDSL2o Lp dt mi 5255 b ONT d cung cp kt ni FE/GE cho 5255 thu bao.o Splitter loi 1:2 l 28 b o Splitter loi 1:4 l 26 b o Splitter loi 1:8 l 32 b o Splitter loi 1:16 l 35 b o Splitler loi 1:32 l 120 b o Splitter loi 1:64 l 60 bBng 3-5: s lng thit b ti khu vc H Ni (c)SttOLTSplitterONU/BONT/H

V tr dtHng kt ni v CESS lung GE quang (LX/LH)S lung cig PON1:21:41:81:161:321:64

1Cu GiyAgg CHS - CGY24

1113902Hong Cu AAcc CES - HCA24

2121144Lng HaAcc CES - HCA24

32985Lng TrungAgg CHS - LTG23

2

1626Th LAgg CHS - LTG23

111687H.H.ThmAcc CES - HHT241

3141238Van PhcAcc CES - VPC23

226310N.Thang LongAggCES-NTL23

337011N.Phong scAcc CES - NPS23

225612Lin MacAggCES-NTL22

1

1

4

13T Xun inhAgg CES-NTL22

1

4

14Trung YnAgg CES - CGY22

2

33215Cu DinAcc CES - CDN22

1

1

5

16The ManorAcc CES - VPS22

1

23018M inhAgg CES-CGY23

11

1116419H Linh mAgg CES-TDH35

2

21512820Bc Linh mAgg CES-TDH39

1

51431021inh CngAgg CES-TDH314

11

15553722CiputraAggCES-NTL25

63515023P.Vn - T HipAgg CES-TT122

3

14

24T.Xun Bc 2Acc CHS - TX224

1

3410225Hosl Kim LinAgg CHS - KLN25

13515026Kim LinAgg CES-KLN22

21

3

27Hong Cu BAccCES-HCB22

113628ang nn ngAcc CES - DTD24

12310829Cng MacAgg CES-TDH24

1128430Nhn ChnhAcc CES - NCH27

1

41024031inh Tn HongAgg CES - DTH427714432

5108033Cung Van HoAccCES-CVH293

210

725034Vn HAgg CES - TKC231

3

26635Mai Hc Agg CES - TKC2721

7

32193683 LT.KitAgg CES - TKC26

3

11

217637N.Cng.TrAcc CHS - NCT231

12

25739Yn Phu 1Acc CES - YP1251

41211240YCn Phu 2Acc CHS - YP124

1219041198 T.Q.KhiAgg CES - DTH25

18

16442N.Hu HunAccCES-NHH2511

5

116043TN Vit HngAgg CES - DGG38

43

34

44Pham Ng LoAgg CHS - DTH24

4

11245Bch KhoaAgg CES - GBT241

3

82Tng cng97 1 22628263235120602085055

s lng thit b GPON cn du t ti Khu vc H Ty c (s liu c th trong bng 3-6):o Lp dt mi 14 thit b OLT vi tng dung lng l 31 GE Uplink, 96 cng PON Dovvnlink (24 card GPON) dm bo dp ng kt ni bng rng cho 6.144 thu bao PON.o Lp dt mi 29 b ONU vi tng dung lng 1.500 cng VDSL2 km theo 931 modem VDSL2 d cung cp kt ni VDSL2 cho 931 thu bao FTTB v 2.721 b ONT d cung cp kt ni FE/GE cho 2.721 thu bao FTTH.o Splitter loi 1:2: 17 b. o Splitter loi 1:4: 5 b. o Splitter loi 1:8: 22 b. o Splitter loi 1:16: 13 b. o Splitter loi 1:32: 35 b. o Splitter loi 1:64: 34 b.Bng 3-6: s lng thit b ti khu vc H Ty (c)sttOLTSplltterONU/BONT/H

ia im lp dtHng kt ni dnCESS lungs lng1:21:8

1:32-

1Trm Ho LcAgg Ho Lc24

1

3

2

1062Trm Chng MAgg Chng M281

9

22

1723Trm Xun MaiAgg Xun Mai2811

331

1344Trm Thng TnAgg Thng Tn24

8

2

865Trm Sn TyAgg Son Ty2411

32

1106Trm Sn LcAgg Son Lc241

21

847Trm H ngAgg H ng282

42

1778Trm M LaoAgg H ng38

2

51227610Trm Xa LaAgg H ng38212144924411Trm Hoi cAgg Hoi c2121

26

37212Trm Ngi cuAgg Ngi cu241

21

8113Trm Ung HoAgg U ng Ho241

21

12614Trm Quc OaiAgg Quc Oai281

25

316Tng cng319617522133534292,721

-#-

-#-

-#-

cu trc mng GPON:Cu trc tng th mng GPON c th hin trong hnh 3-7Cu trc tng th mng GPON khu vc inh Tin Hong c th hin trong hnh 3-8Cu trc tng th mng GPON cc khu vc khc dc th hin trong ph lc 3.

Vi khi lng thit b v cu trc nh trn, mng FTTx-GPON ca Vin thng H ni dm bo kh nng cung cp 100% kt ni ti cc ta nh vn phng, chung c v bit th cao cp, cc khu d th mi, cc khu ph, vn phng thng mi, cc khu cng nghip, ch xut (chim t l khong 30% din tch trn ton da bn c kh nng cung cp kt ni si quang).Hnh 3-7: cu trc mng FTTx- GPON ca Vin thng H ni

-#-

-#-

-#-

Hnh 3-8: cu trc mng FTTx-GPON khu vc inh Tin Hong

3.5. xut dch v trin khai trn mng GPON VTHN: 3.5.1. DchvlPTV:3.5.2. Dch v truy nhp Internet tc d cao

3.5.3. Dch v kt ni VPN:3.5.4. Dch v kt ni mng im - da dim:

CHNG 4. KT LUN V HUNG NGHIN cu TIP THEO4.1. Kt lunMng truy nhp quang dc xem l c s h tng tt nht cho cc dch v bng rng. Vic nghin cu hnh thi mng truy nhp quang mi vn dang nhn dc s quan tm dc bit. Mc tiu hng ti l mm do, gim gi thnh v nng cao hiu qu s dng bng tn si quang.Mng truy nhp quang th dng GPON l gii php hp l cho c ba mc tiu trn; th nht khng phi thay di cu hnh hoc xy lp mi tuyn cp quang, ch cn dt b chia ti dim tp trung cp; th hai, gim dc chi ph nh s chia s mi trng truyn dn gia nhng ngi s dng; th ba ph hp vi mi loi hnh chuyn giao thng tin nh bng tn rng ca si quang. Vi phng thc chuyn giao thng tin mm do linh hot hiu qu s dng bng tn si quang s tng dng k, dy cng l mt yu t lm gim chi ph. Cng ngh GPON ra di chnh l nhm mc dch kt hp cc dim mnh ca truyn ti TDM kt hp vi c s h tng l mng cp si quang chi ph thp, kt ni dim-da im, h tr c dch v TDM v Ethernet. y l cng ngh ha hn s gii quyt dc cc vn d tt nghn bng thng, cho php xy dng mng truy nhp ni ht nh l mt mng s ho, bng rng v c tnh tng tc cao.S dng k thut truy nhp TDMA kt hp vi cc phng thc dnh c v phn dnh bng tn dng l mt trong nhng dim ni bt ca cng ngh GPON gip gii quyt vn d bng thng, tc nghn trong truyn ti tc d cao. GPON s dng phng thc dng gi d liu GEM h tr cho c cc gi -#-

-#-

d liu TDM v Ethernet. Cc k thut d cho php GPON h tr nhiu loi hnh dch v khc nhau vi tc d truy nhp v cht lng cao.Hin nay, tiu chun GPON d dc 1TU chun ha, dy s l gii php cng ngh thch hp nht cho cc khu cng nghip, khu cng ngh cao, khu thcmg mi, chung c cao cp, ngn hng, v.v... GPON hon ton ph hp vi yu cu thc t ca th trng Vit Nam dang trong giai don pht trin mnh m cc khu vc kinh t k trn.VNPT l nh cung cp dch v vin thng hng du ti Vit Nam, VNPT lun l ngi di du trong vic trin khai cc dch v mi tin ch bng vic dn du cc cng ngh mi, hin di. Hin nay, VNPT dang gp rt trin khai nng cp ton mng ln mng NGN nhm cung cp dy d cc dch v cho khch hng trn nn tng mng thng nht. Xy dng mng truy nhp quang FTTx l mt trong nhng phn quan trng trong k hoch d, trong d cng ngh GPON l la chn hng du.Vi dnh hng ca VNPT, Vin thng H ni d thc hin la trn gii php cung cp dch v, xy dng cu trc mng GPON trn c s h thng mng bng rng hin ti v k hoch pht trin dn nm 2010, da trn vic phn tch, d bo nhu cu s dng dch v ca khch hng trn da bn TP H ni. 4.2. Hng nghin cu tip theoHng nghin cu tip theo ca lun vn l da trn cu hnh mng GPON ca Vin thng H ni d dc VNPT ph duyt, cn d ra cc bc trin khai lp dt v cung cp dch v cho khch hng, dc bit l tiu chun ha vic lp dt cc thit b ca mng ODN dm bo cht lng dch v.TI LIU THAM KHO. Credic F.Lam (2007), Passive Optical NeUvorks princeiples and practice, pp. 215-264. Paul E.Green, Jr. (2006), Fiber (o Ihe home the new empowermenl. ITU G.984.1 (2003), Gigabit-capable Passive Oplical Networks (GPON): General

characlerislics. ITU G.984.2 (2003), Gigabit-capable Passive Optical Netvvorks (GPON): Physical

Media Dependenl (PMD) layer specilication.. ITU G.984.3 (2004), Gigabit-capable Passive Optieal Networks (GPON):

Transmission convergence layer specification.. ITU G.984.4 (2004), Gigabit-capable Passive Optieal Netvvorks (GPON): ONT

management and control interace speeifcation.. ITUG.983.1 (1998), Broadband Oplical Access Systems Based on Passice Optieal

Nelworks (PON). ITU G.983.2 (2000), ONT Management and Control Interace SpeciDcation for ATM

PON. ITU G.983.3 (2001), Broadband Oplical Access Systems with Increased Service

Capability by Wavelenght Allocation.. ITU G.983.4 (2001), Broadband Oplical Access Systems with Increased Service

Capabilily using Dynamic Bandvvdilh Assigment.. Cng vn s 640/CV-VT ngy 5/3/2009 ca VNPT v/v Hng dn trin khai xy

dng cu trc mng truy nhp kt ni quang ti thu bao (FTTx GPON).. ti Nghin cu gii php cng ngh quang th ng Gigabit ph hp vi yu

cu mng VNPT ca tc gi Hong Vn Bnh.. www.itu.int. www.alcatel-lucent.com. www.quantrimang.com.vn-2-

-2-

-1 -

Ph lc 1: Tng hp thit b GPON nm 2009-2011stta imThu bao n cui thng 7/2008D bo thu bao GPON giai on 2009 - 2010

POTSADSLVDSL2FE/GELoai thit bi (OLT, ON, ONT, Splitter)Kt ni Uplink ti

a imLoi thit b(1)(2)(3)(4)(5)(6)(7)(8)(9)A VNG TY NAM1Host Cu Giy

OLTHost Cu GiyCES

Tp th B KHT

Splitter cp 1Host Cu GiyOLT

Tp th B KHT1368225

ON/BHost Cu GiySplilter

To nh CEMACO

Splitter cp 1Host Cu GiyOLT

To nh CEMACO25015015

ON/BHost Cu GiySplilter

To nh CEMACO250150

30ONT/HHost Cu GiySplilter

To nh 335 Cu Giy

Splitter cp 1Host Cu GiyOLT

To nh 335 Cu Giy50030030

ON/BHost Cu GiySplilter

To nh 335 Cu Giy500300

60ONT/HHost Cu GiySplilter2Tng i Hong Cu A

OLTTng i Hong Cu ACES

KI Thnh Cng

Splitter cp 1Tng i Hong Cu AOLT

Khu TT Thnh Cng500300

60ONT/HTng i Hong Cu ASplilter

To nh s 4 Lng H

Splitter cp 1Tng i Hong Cu AOLT

To nh s 4 Lng H25015015

ON/BTng i Hong Cu ASplilter

To nh s 4 Lng H250150

30ONT/HTng i Hong Cu ASplilter

To nh Du kh - 18 Lng H

Splitter cp 1Tng i Hong Cu AOLT

To nh Du kh - 18 Lng H20012012

ON/BTng i Hong Cu ASplilter

To nh Du kh - 18 Lng H200120

24ONT/HTng i Hong Cu ASplilter3Tng i Ngc Khnh

OLTTng i Ngc KhnhCES

S 25 Ngc Khnh

Splitter cp 1Tng i Ngc KhnhOLT

Ph Ngc Khnh166100

30ONT/HTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

S 15-17 Ngc Khnh

Splitter cp 1Tng i Ngc KhnhOLT

S 15-17 Ngc Khnh40024024

ON/BTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

S 15-17 Ngc Khnh400240

48ONT/HTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

Ta nh 535 Kim M

Splitter cp 1Tng i Ngc KhnhOLT

Ta nh 535 Kim M150909

ON/BTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

Ta nh 535 Kim M15090

18ONT/HTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

KS Daewo

Splitter cp 1Tng i Ngc KhnhOLT

KS Daewo55033033

ON/BTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter

KS Daewo550330

60ONT/HTng i Ngc KhnhSplilter4Tng i Lng H

OLTTng i Hong Cu ACES

Ng 3 Lng H

Splitter cp 1Tng i Lng HOLT

Ph Lng H, V Ngc Phan234140

42ONT/HTng i Lng HSplilter

Ta nh 88 Lng H

Splitter cp 1Tng i Lng HOLT

Ta nh 88 Lng H30018018

ON/BTng i Lng HSplilter

Ta nh 88 Lng H300180

36ONT/HTng i Lng HSplilter

Ta nh 22 Lng H

Splitter cp 1Tng i Lng HOLT

Ta nh 22 Lng H1609610

ON/BTng i Lng HSplilter

Ta nh 22 Lng H16096

20ONT/HTng i Lng HSplilter

BVJNG NG BC

31Host inh Tin Hong

OLTHost inh Tin HongCEvS

4

0.05271080

192

7

S 20 L Thng Kit

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.8

1:32

Ta nh 20 L.T.Kit20012013

ONU/BHost inh Tin HongSplitter1

1.5

24

Ta nh 20 L.T.Kit200120

27ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSpitter27

1.5

27

MX 96 Fo inh L+NQ

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.6

1:8

S 2 inh L

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

0.75

1:8

Ph inh L4527

8ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter8

1.5

8

S 63 L Thi T

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.1

1:8

Ph L Thi T4527

8ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter8

1.5

8

Khu vc KS Soitel

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

0.8

1:8

Khu vc KS Sofitel4527

8ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSpitter8

1.5

8

MX48 Fo LTK+NQ

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.9

1:4

S4LLai

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.2

1:16

Khu vuc UBND H Ni9054

16ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter16

1.5

16

S 10 L Ui

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.4

1:16

S 10 L Ui9054

16ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter16

1.8

16

S 14 L Ui

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.4

1:16

S 14 L Ui9054

16ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter16

2

16

Ngn hng Nh nc

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.5

1:16

Ngn hng Nh nc9054

16ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter16

2

16

Ta nh 63 L Thi T

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.2

1:32

Ta nh 63 L Thi T20012013

ONU/BHost inh Tin HongSplitter1

1.8

24

Ta nh 63 L Thi T200120

27ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSpitter27

1.8

27

MX 96 Fo QT+HBT

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.2

1:32

Khu vc ph Quang Trung, H.B.Tmg11267

20ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter20

2

20

MX 96 Fo QT+HBT

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.7

1:32

Khu vc ph Quang Trung6740

12ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter12

1.2

12

H Ni Tower

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.7

1:16

H Ni Tower48029072

ONU/BHost inh Tin HongSplitter1

2.5

108

H Ni Tower480290

15ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter15

2.5

15

S 1 Ng Quyn

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.3

1:32

S 1 Ng Quyn178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

2

32

KSMeia

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.4

1:32

KSMelia178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

2

32

MX 96 Fo QT+HBT

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.2

1:2

Ton ND

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.5

1:32

Ton ND178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSpitter32

2

32

Hai BTrng + Qun S

Splitter cp 2Host inh Tin HongSplitter

1.6

1:32

Hai BTrng + Qun S178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

2.5

32

MX 64 Fo -13A HBT

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.8

1:32

Ph Hai B Tmg, Nguvn Khc Cn178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

1.5

32

To nh Sun City - 13A ph HBT

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

1.1

1:32

To nh Sun City - 13A ph HBT178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

1.8

32

L Ui + Tn n

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.4

1:32

Ph L Ui + Tn n178106

32ONT/HHost inh Tin HongSplitter32

1.5

32

L.P.Hiu + L Thi T

Splitter cp 1Host inh Tin HongOLT

0.4

1:2