Lučni Mostovi - Seminarski Rad - Pisani Dio

7/25/2019 Luni Mostovi - Seminarski Rad - Pisani Dio

1/23

UNIVERZITET U TUZLIRUDARSKO-GEOLOKO-GRAEVINSKI FAKULTETGRAEVINSKI FAKULTETPREDMET: MOSTOVI

SEMINARSKI RAD

LUNI MOSTOVI

IVANI GORAN III-920/11


2/23


3/23

(+'*>&*( 33 +3)*(, +(%7'&% *4'*4 (3; +4%%(+*& ?8/L@.

S3)% 2. O(&*7&33'*73 (7*%

L5&3 4*( (, *(34%7&* &*(%5%,(%(*'3 3 * &36%*(%3< 3'*7%,)*'3 ( +3)%6%&3&% (3;3 C. U (5%')%% ( ()&%&% )*&();3'%, )*'% &*(3 )**7*6, &%%63 &%)*4 &%637%4* ' &%5&3 ()*+. O+>3 &%637 6% *7 3'*7 '

+*4*(.


4/23

S3)% C. P*'4*73 76%&3 6 (%74&3 5&3 4*( ( )**7*6*4 *

2.ISTORI"SKI RAZVO"

3(*3'()3 %67*' 5&3< 4*(*7% 73'%& ' +3)%6% ' ( %3 *'&*4 * &%'(%3'3< (3(4% 6% (%7%%7%&' 73< %(+*&%.K*6 &%'73 3* %7%&'% &) ++). S73 *(%3 (3(43 6&%&*( 4%3. I()(7% )*'% ( +3)+'&% 4&***'&34 %&'4)*7% &3( )(+3;3&* (%=%&% (%74&*' &'% %63&% 6&%&'% '*> (%=3 4&** 6%&%()3< +%73% )*'

' >)* &%*4'(33 4%4%35)34 4*34%.

P73 )*73 3 (7**73 7'*7%&* ( &%(%3 &% %3;3'3 %&'%%*4 3 ()*4. S7=&'73 * >5%&3< (%'3)% 33 ( +7*


5/23

%37* 6% ) 3 E8%% 3 T33(%. D7&3 %3'3 ( 35%&34 *)7334% 3 &%; 7&*)%4&* )*&6*&* (7*%.

N)3 ++*(%7'%' % ( +34337& ) +6 3'(7*% 36 +3* )*+3%&'4 )%4&3< )*7% &%(%3'%&'% ?>33 + %&

' 734% 2 3 C@. U +7*4 3' *7* +*%7'% +3)%6%&3 ((%4* 4*(*73 6&%5%'&3< %(+*&% )*'3 (%= 367*& 3&=&'()*+3&*( &% +*' )*&(3(%&'% 33 %&'%. B3 % 5&34*(*73 %&%( 4* )*&)3%3 34 (3(434% (%4* 6

%;3*&%36%;3' 367, * ( *7' (7(%&3 +* (35&34367&34 +*(+;34%.

#.IZVEDBE NA SKELI

S%3' 367 4*(*7% &% 7&34 ()%4% *7' &3(+3)%6%&, (+)*( *4 >* ( (%4 () 36&34&% 3&=&'()%*(7%&'%, &3')* (*=&3'% 6% (%35) %&%36 3 367 *

(%4* 4*(%. I67*'&% ( 7% 4*(% 73)3< %(+*&%, 367&%&% %635334 ()%4%, 3 ( %635334 '*4 4*&%=&3)%(*' ()3 ((%7% ;3%&3,*(*&'&*' (%4* &% 4' )%.

S3)% . S)3;% 4*(% G%(73, S&, 36 19#.

U S&, A(%3'%, 19#. ' 6%7>& 5&3 4*( G%(73,)*'3 ', ( %(+*&*4 * C0#,$ 4 =%* )* * *7>&'%K5)* 4*(% ?S3)% @. L) ( (%(*'3 * 533 >+'% (+*&%)%, >33& +* ,1 4, +%7** +(')% +*4'&'37 73(3&


9/23

?#,2 * ,9 4@. T*)*4 %&' 33 ( 4(*&* %64%)&36% C0 ;4, %)* % ( 4* 367(3 '%& +* '%&, &% 3(*' ()3.M+*(* ' ) &%)&%&* 6%+&'& *&*4. U6=&34*&%=&3 *('5;3 )*7% ( 6 6=& %4%, % (+%'%&3 (

4*)34 >)%4%. S)% ' 3% 535&%, ;3'7&%, % 3')*4367 *5&* ' +*43;%&% 533 +%. R)3)%;3'% )% 3*7%'%&' * () 367>&* ' %6+3%&'4 +>%4%(4'>&34 573&%4% %(+*&%. N%5&3 ()*+ 367& ')%* *>3' (%53&'& * 4*&%=&3< +&%+3< &*(%5%, )*'3 (+)* 4*&%=& &%%7&3; *(%&'%' &% 73) (*7 367&&% 4'(. N% (+*734% ' *(7%&% +*=&*( *>3'% 36(('&3< +*'%. N% ()%4% (3(4% ;3%&3, )*'3 ( %673'% *

H0-3< *3&% 20. (*'%, 367&* ' *)* H0 5&3< 4*(*7%.O(*3*( (3(4% ' )*3>&' %)3< >)%(3< &*(%5%, +*3'*734% 4*&%=&3) 7%, +% ( *& 73&*4 )*3(3* %+()34)%'734%.M*( N((%;%&% 3 (%%&% %+%4%. P7* ' 367& 7*(+%&3+&3 3* (), +**4 ( &% *7 3'*7 +3)'5& '&*)%&>), +3=%& +374&34 7'>%')%4%. S3>&'34>)%4% *%& ' (+%, %)* % +*(%& (%4*&*(. P*6%7%%&' +374&3< 6**7% *%& ' 3 (+%)*4+&*' >;3, ( +* +*%%&' *+% 4** +3(+33+*(+&*4 (3435&*4 *&3%&' *&' +*5 )%. S%3&*(>) *(3%&% '


10/23

S3)% $. . S)3;% 4*(% N((%;6(3< 3 (%4(3< *3&% QQ (*'% %673'&' 73 *' %63533< )3< +*(+%)% 6% 367 4%(37&3)3 4*(@.O+3(%&3 &%53& 367 *6&%53* ' 73) &%+%) %&'34%(37&3< 5&3< 4*(*7%, %3 ' 34%* 3&3< 6%4')3.B*&3%&' )*7% &% 4'(, *('5;34% =3& *)* C0 46%+' (%&5%(*+(')% ( 3 )*4*. 33&% 4 ' (%&%, *) ( 73(3&% 43'&'%* 2.9 4 +%4% * C. 4 '4&. N%5&3 ()*+ (%(*'3( * &36% *>3'%. P* 533 6=&% &*(%5% )**7*6% 367&%( )%* 4*&%=&3 +&%+3 4&3 '3& 2C.0 4.

S3)% 9. S)3;% 3&()* 4*(%, %(+*&% 2#,# 4, 36 19H.

O*) P% (+*'& ' ( )*+&*4 5&34 4*(*4 %(+*&% 19C.2 4.P4% (%35)*4 ((%7 %7&3 ' &*(%5 +3 ), 73(3&

(3; 2. 4, >* 4 %' *&*( 8:1:. L) (+*3)* *3)% '4& 34% 73(3& * C.0 4, % +3 +%4% 2.C 4, *) 4 '


12/23

>33&% (%&% 3 36&*(3 .0 4. R'>&' &%5&* %(+*&()*()*+%, %(+*&3 3 %(+* &*(%5% **7%%' )*&();3'3+343'&'&*' &% >3&()*4 4*(, ( 34 % ' &% >3&()*44*( +*4&% +** >3%.

.KONZOLNA IZVEDBA FORMIRAN"EM MREE

P*(+)*4 3(**&* %&'% )% 3 &%5&* ()*+% =3 (+*(33 )'537%&' 3'*7% 6%'&35)* &*>&' 7 3')*4%&' 3 ()%&' %'%&'% %&'%. P*(+%) ( (%(*'3 +*(+&*' 3673 >)%( )*&6*, )*'% ( (%(*'3 * 7%5&*+*'%(% &%5&* ()*+%, %5&* +*'%(% )% 3 +374&3)%(3()*+. O& &3' +73 >)%(3 ): +*6&%3 4*( R3+, A(%3'3,%(+*&% 1$C 4 (%%& ' )*&6*&34 +*(+)*4 (3&*4 0-

3< *3&%, &% %)%7 &%53& % ( 367&3 >)%( )*&6*,)*' ( '4& (+*'& 6**4.

.SAVREMENI MOSTOVI IZVEDENI KONZOLNIMPOSTUPKOM

K*&6*&3 +*(+%) ( +374&34 )*(34 6%%4% 3

*&3%&'4 *('5;34% %&%( ' 7'*'%&* &%'5>3 &%53&


14/23

367 )*7% 73)3< %(+*&%. O7' 33 +3)%6%&% 3 &*73'%4*(%, 367&% &% (35%& &%53&, * )*'3< (7%)3 34% &)3'%&'%,

367&3< 4*&*(3, +% 3 >7&3< *)*&*(3. P%73% )*'% 33 +3)%6%&% *7*4 *'') &3( &+*4'&'37%, %3 %'3()(7& *)73 )*'3< ( 4*=4* +3=%7%3 *), )%* 3()(&3+*')%&3, & 4* (+4&3 36 &'3< 3()*%533.

9. UOBIA"ENI SISTEMI

P7* +3%&' )* *3)*7%&'% ' )%% *+ +73'3 ) )%*(3(4 +4*>&'% ++) S4%% ( % 5&3 (3(43 4*33 )*&)&&3 *(%34% 6% %(+*& * #0 * #00 4. N%'73> (+34'&'' 6% %(+*& * H0 * 2H0 4. U +*>*(3, )%* >* '73'37* 36 +3)%6%, )*73 &3( 34%3 +%7 )*&)&;3' ((%734% 6% 7 %(+*&, %3 %&%( ( %64%%' 3 %'>&'%: 4%(37&3 &3 4*(*73 % ( * %(+*&% * C00 4,*) ( 6% 6%7'>& 4*(*7 ?4*(*7 ( )*(34 6%%4%@

%(+*&3 * 2H0 * CH0 4 (4%%' *+34%&34%. S*% ( *&',


16/23

' +*(*' (*73 6% +3'4


17/23

N% (&'34 3 734 %(+*&34% 1 *(&*7&3 (3(4 ' +3 ).G**7* (73 &*73'3 5&3 4*(*73 %(+*&% 7 * 100 4 ( +333 %(35&* +3. N%'5> ( 367* ( )*&3)*4 *, %)* >*( &% )*4 367*3 &%5&3 ()*+ )*'3 ( (%(*'3 * (*7% 3

&* ()*+%. N%5&3 ()*+ *35&* ' * %43%&* 33+&%+&* *&%, ( %(+*&34% * 10 * H0 4, %3367&3 ( 3 )%* (+&3. U+3 (7**73 ( &%''&*(%7&3'3 )*&()37&*4 +*. O&3 ( *()* (%35)3 &*&3,+% ( &'34% '%7'%' 6&%&% &%+6%&'% (3' +*4'&4+%, +*4%)% *(*&%;% +6%&'% 3 ()+'%&'% *&%.O63*4 &% *, *()3 ( 4%&'4 6**7% 4* +*(33&)3 )*&*4()3 53&;3 )* *3)*7%&'% (7**7%, %3 +%)(3

73&% 6**7% +(%7'% +*4 )* *=%7%&'%, +% 3%7% +*%%&34 +*4'&%4% +*+5&* +(')%, %*%&% &%+6%&'% +3 7%'% %64*33 )* 367, )%* +374&*'>&' )*'34 ( (4%&'' &)3 &+*7*'&3 ';%'3. E%(35&*+3 )*73 (+%(* *3)%, +*4'&'37* 4*4&% 3&;3' =)%, 367* ( &% %(+*&34% * #0 * 1H0 4. N%5&3 ()*+4*= ( 367(3 6 (*7% 33 ( 43&34%&34 *'4 (*7%.O63*4 &% &>* 73> ;3'& * &* ()*+%, *7%)73 4*(*73+**&3 ( 6% *)%;3' &% )*'34% ' 3&* %


18/23

6%)%&'% 7>)*% &* +*3%)%. T*6*&3 )*73 34%' (7*')%%)3(35%& *3): &%''3 ( &% *)*734%. I67373 ( 3%53'3, (*=&3 (3(43, +*36%>3 36 +*(&3< *)*&*(3+*')3%&'% 33 367. N)3 (%74&3 4*(*73 367&3 +%&'*()*' )%'4 20. (*'% +*)%6' % *3)*7&4*&*(3 )*7% &3 36%)% &3( 3(;+'&, *(*3* 6+34'& &*73< %37% 33 (+&3< ?)*4+*63&3* () (% 6%*4, L%&*7% % 33 N3(&*7 ), 7* 3')* (367* )%* 4%(37&3. N)*3)* 4%(37&3< 4*(*7% 367&* ' 8*43 )*7% ( +634 +*3()*4 3 )*&3)*4 *, %3 *7%)73 ((3(43 &3( 7%=33 ?(3)% 1C@.

S3)% 1C. N*35%'&3 (3(43 4%(37&3< 5&3< 4*(*7%, ( +634 +33()*4.


19/23

10.ZAKON PROM"ENE POPRENOG PRES"EKALUKAN%''&*(%7&3' ' +73'3 '&%) +*+5&3 +(') )%

+)* 53%7 &'*7 =3&. O7* '>&' 4*= 33 *+34%&* 3 +* 367, &% +34' %)* ( )*3(3 ()% &% )*'*' (*&3%' 6%(*+&3 *('5;3. M34, %)* +(') )%=34* ()%33 (% (3%4% 3 4*4&34% 34 +(';34%, *&%+(') )% % 43'&'%3 ()% ( &%&'34 (3%4%.U*35%'&3 +*+5&3 +(';3 4%(37&3< )*7% +3)%6%&3 ( &%(3)% 1#. N'3


20/23

"&*(%7&3 +&*(3'&3 (7**73 4* 33 '&*'&3 ?+(') 1@33 73>3'&3 ?+(') 2@. O35&* ( 367*&3 &% 4%&'34 3(&'34 %(+*&34%, ' ( 6% 7 %(+*& +*7*'&3'3 (%&5%(333 %(%7'&3 +(';3, )*'3 34%' 6&%&* 73 4*4& 3&;3' 6

3( +*7>3& +(')%. I66%) +(%7'% +&*(3'&3 )4*(% K, 367& N'4%5)*' 199., >* 6&%53 % ( 4*%3 %53'% +*43>'%&'%. R%67*'&3 73)3 )*73 ?+(';3 C 3 #@%' 33 4(*&* +*76%&3 *)7334% 33 (+*734%, %3*+%(&*(3 * 3673'%&'% 73)%&*' %7&3&3. P&*( %67*'&3&34 *&'34 +*)% %37%. D%&%( *7%' )33' 3 +(%&6&%5%', )*' ' 34%* +*>*(3, ' ' 6% ;3'& 4*(% (7

3&3'3 &%53& 367, % 6% 73& +*(+%)% +*7*'&3 ( 7*(35&3 +*+5&3 +(';3 = *(3 )%, 33 ( *&3 43'&'%' = )%


21/23

%)* % ' 7% 4%(% )*&;&3%&% 6 *(*&; ?'3 +*+5&3+(') 6 [email protected] (%3'*' (5&*' 3%3 &%+3(%& ( 4&* %(+%7 *6%)*& +*4'& 4*4&% *4*(3 3 +*4'& 7353&

+*+5&* +(')% = )% )%)* 3 ( +(') ()%3* (7353&*4 &%&'3< (3% +* )33' 43&34%&* *>)%%37%. P*=&3 ( 3 &)3 6%)*&3 +*4'& +*36%>3 36 =&'6% '&*(%7&3'34 %&%335)34 '>%7%&'4 )*7%. U %&%>&'73'4 )*&35)3< %5&%%, *7%)7% %64%%&'% 7%=&*(. Z% + )*7 +%)(3 ( &%'5> )*3(3* R3*736%6, )*'3 +*36%63 36 3'%%4% 4%)(34%&3< 4*4&%% +*4 ). P4% &'4, (&' 73' 3& %(+*&%

+(') **7* % 3 & % 43'&'%3, % ) 6 *(*&; %&%* +*7%3 &'*7 73(3&. I6%6 *7*3 76 *%%&34*4& 3&;3' '4& I( 3 4*4& 3&;3' +*367*'&*+(')% I6 +)* )% &%3% %&& &% *( )% X6:

1 (1 ) cos n I I z s

' ':& )*;3'& )*'3 *73(3 * *&*( (%&* 3 +*)&*

*+&'% *35%'&*: 6% ;(*7& 4*(*7 0,C % 6%='6&35) 0,20 * 0,2H.

S3)% 1. O6&%) 6 6%)*& +*4'& +*+5&3< +(')% 4%(37&3< )*7%.

V3'37* ' % 36%6 6% +*4'& +*+5&* +(')% *73(3 *&%+3' 6%%&*' )37'3 *(3 )%. P*'&*(%7'&3 36%6, )*'3++*(%7'% )*&(%&& +*');3' 4*4&% *4*(3 = )%,%(3:( 6 6 I I ;*(X


22/23

3 +**%& ' 6% &) +3&*4 +*+5&* +(')%.O%3 ( 6%)*& 364 &+*4'&'37* +*+5&* +(')%:A( A6 3 6%)*&% +*4'& +(')% +* )*(3&( )% %&&&% ): 1 ;*( 6 6 ( A A XO7%)7% +*4'&% ?+* 6%)*& )*(3&(%@ (3'3 6%)*& +*4'&6=& (3 = +(')%, %3 &% 734 %(+*&34% %'

367&* &+3


23/23

S3)% 1. Z%4'&()* '&*3)* *+&'

I6 * %6*% 73> &3' 4* *33 '&%53& ;3'* )% 6%7*&*4 *3) ' &% 4'(34% (*7% )37'% 34% *4*7.P*4 *37%&'% *+34%&* *3)% *(3 6% +*6&%3 %(+*& 3(3; )% (%(*'3 ( *:

*37%&'% )**3&%% %5%)% +**=%'% (*7% 3 *37%&'% ()+% '&%53&%3 )37'% )*' (+%'%' %5).

U +*(+) ' 3&

Documents

Lučni Mostovi - Seminarski Rad - Pisani Dio