I HC QUC GIA THNH PH H CH MINH TRNG I HC BCH KHOA KHOA: K THUT HA HC B MN: QU TRNH & THIT B------------------o0o----------------- LUN VN TT NGHIP NGHINCU KHO ST KH NNG CHNG TC NGHN CA MNG LC THM THU NGC (RO)C PH LP VT LIU POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (PVA) V TiO2 TP.H CH MINH, Thng 01/2012 GVHD: T.SMai Thanh Phong & T.SNguyn Th Vinh SVTH: Trn Vn LamMSSV:60701223 i IHCQUCGIATp.HCM TRNG I HC BCH KHOA CNGHAXHICHNGHAVITNAM c lp T do Hnh phc -------------------------- S/ BKT NHIM V LUN VN TT NGHIP KHOA: K THUT HA HC B MN: MY & THIT B H & tn:TRN VN LAMMSSV: 60701223 Ngnh:MY & THIT BLp: HC07MB 1.ulunn:NGHINCUKHOSTKHNNGCHNGTC NGHN CA MNG LC THM THU NGC ROC PH LP VT LIU POLYVINYL ALCOHOL (PVA) V TiO2 . 2.Nhim v (yu cu v ni dung v s liu ban u):-Ch to mng lc thm thu ngc RO c ph/trn vt liu TiO2, PVA, PVA-TiO2. - Kho st cc c tnh mng (nh: thng lng, loi mui, tr lc)v biu hin tc nghn ca mng c ph/trn vt liu TiO2, PVA, PVA-TiO2. 3. Ngy giao nhim v Lun vn:15/09/2011 4. Ngy hon thnh nhim v:20/12/2011 5. H v tn ngi hng dn:Phn hng dn : T.SMAI THANH PHONGT.SNGUYN TH VINHTon b Lun vn Ni dung v yu cu LVTN c thng qua B mn Ngy 15 thng 09 nm 2011 CH NHIM B MNNGI HNG DN CHNH(k v ghi r h tn)(k v ghi r h tn) T.SMAITHANHPHONGSVTH: Trn Vn Lam ii LI CM N hon thnh c Lun Vn ny, trc tin xin gi li cm n su sc ti T.S Mai Thanh Phong v T.S Nguyn Th Vinh tn tnh hng dn, gip em trong sut qu trnh thc hin Lun vn. Xin gi li cm n n cc thy c, anh ch cng cc bn trong phng th nghim khoa Mi Trng to mi iu kin thun li nht cho em trong qu trnh th nghim. ng thi xin gi li cm n ti cc thnh vin trong nhm mng RO: anh Trn L Hi v Li V Ti cng tc, gip v cng gii quytmi kh khn trong sut qu trnh thc hin ti. V cng xin c gi li cm n chn thnh vi cc thy c trong khoa KT Ha Hc ni chung vb mn Qu Trnh & Thit B ni ring cung cp nhng kin thc cn thit em c th thc hin tt ti Lun vn. Cm n tt c cc bn trong lp HC07MB lun gip v mt tinh thn cng nh vt cht ti c th hon thnh Lun vn. V cui cng, xin gi li bit n n gia nh, ngi thn lun ng bn ng h v ng vin. l ngun ng lc ln lao, l ch da tinh thn vng chi cho ti trong sut c cuc i.

SVTH: Trn Vn Lam iii TM TT LUN VN Mng RO polyamide (PA) c bin tnh bng cch ph ln b mt mng mt lp mng PVA, PVA-TiO2hoctrncchtTiO2trongqutrnhtomngPA.Nhtnhanccaccvt liu bin tnh mng s nng cao tnh cht chng tc nghn cho b mt mng. Kt qu th nghim loimng PA c trn TiO2 cho thyshin din ca TiO2 tronglpmng PAlm cho thng lng thm canc tnglnnh ccht TiO2 c tnhsiu thm t vht cc phn tnc votrongmng.Tuynhinloimuicaloimngnybgimxungngkdoxp ca mng tng. Khi chy tc nghn vi nc mui bin kt hp alginate th cho thy tnh chng tcnghncaloimngnykhngthcsrrng(tuytthnmngthngmi).Mngc hm lng 0.01% TiO2 trong TMC cho thng lng kh cao (20.9L/m2.h) v loi mui chp nhn c (99.1%). i vi th nghim ch to mng PA ph lp PVA, qu trnh ni mng PVA trn b mt mng PA c em i nung 1000C cng tc nhn ni mng l acid malic. T kt qu th nghim cho thy, thng lng b gim khi ph lp mng PVA v thng lng gim mnh khi nng dung dchphPVAtngln.Tuynhin,khitngnng PVAthkhnngchngtcnghncng tng theo r rt. Mng c nng 0.1% PVA c c tnh kt hp gia thng lng v tnh khng tcnghnttnht.Do,dungdch0.01%PVAcsdngphntnTiO2vphln mng PA trong nghin cu ph lp PVA-TiO2 ln b mt mng PA. Kt qu thnghimloimng phlp PVA-TiO2 cho thy: vihmlng TiO2 tnh trn 1g PVA trong dung dch ph nh hn 10% (t 1-7%) th hu nh TiO2 b giam trong lp mng PVA lm gim th tch t do v linh ng ca PVA cho nn cc mng ny c thng lng thp hn mng ph PVA 0.1%. Khi hm lng TiO2 t 10% th mng PVA khng gi ht TiO2 trong cu trc mng cho nn TiO2 xut hin trn b mt mng lm tng cng nhm hydroxyl, tng tnh a nc ca b mt mng, ci thin tnh cht chng tc nghn. Khi mt lng kh ln TiO2 tn ti trn b mt mng chng s kt hp v vn li thnh kch thc ln lm tng khuyt tt mng cho nn lm tng thng lng thm ca nc.

SVTH: Trn Vn Lam iv MC LC NHIM V LUN VN TT NGHIP .................................................................................... i LI CM N ............................................................................................................................ ii TM TT LUN VN............................................................................................................ iii MC LC ................................................................................................................................ iv DANH MC HNH V ..............................................................................................................v DANH MC BNG BIU ....................................................................................................... vi DANH SCH CC T VIT TT ......................................................................................... vii CHNG 1 : T VN ......................................................................................................1 1.1 Tnh cp thit ca ti ......................................................................................................... 1 1.2 Tnh khoa hc v thc tin ca ti ..................................................................................... 3 1.3 Mc tiu nghin cu ca lun vn ......................................................................................... 4 1.4 Ni dung nghin cu ............................................................................................................. 4 CHNG 2:TNG QUAN ....................................................................................................5 2.1 nh ngha, phn loi mng v qu trnh mng ...................................................................... 5 2.1.1 nh ngha mng lc ...................................................................................................5 2.1.2 Qu trnh vn hnh mng ............................................................................................5 2.1.3 Gii thiu v cng ngh mng trong x l nc : ........................................................6 2.2 Tng qua v mng thm thu ngc RO : .............................................................................. 7 2.2.1 Khi nim v qu trnh thm thu ngc : ...................................................................7 2.2.3 Cu to mng lc RO composite (Thin Film Composite - TFC): ............................... 16 2.2.4Cc yu t nh hng ti nng sut qu trnh mng RO : ......................................... 18 2.3 Tng quan v vn tc nghn mng. ................................................................................. 19 2.4Cc phng php nh gi s tc nghn ca mng : ........................................................... 25 2.5 Cc cng trnh nghin cu cng b lin quan .................................................................. 26 CHNG 3 : PHNG PHP V M HNH NGHIN CU ............................................... 30 3.1 Ha cht v dng c th nghim :......................................................................................... 30 3.1.1 Vt liu v ha cht : ................................................................................................ 30 3.1.2 H thng v dng c th nghim :.............................................................................. 36 3.2 Cc ni dung thc hin : ...................................................................................................... 38 3.3Phng php nghin cu : .................................................................................................. 39 3.3.1 Quy trnh tng hp mng RO TFC/TFN ................................................................... 39 3.3.2 Quy trnh th nghim tng hp mng RO TFC ph PVA : ......................................... 41 3.3.3 Quy trnh th nghim tng hp mng RO TFC ph lp PVA_TiO2............................ 42 3.3.4 Quy trnh chy tc nghn: ......................................................................................... 43 CHNG 4 :KT QU V BIN LUN ............................................................................. 45 4.1 Mng TFN .......................................................................................................................... 45 4.1.1 Thng s nh gi c tnh mng : ............................................................................ 45 4.1.2 Chy tc nghn : ....................................................................................................... 47 4.2 Mng TFC ph PVA ........................................................................................................... 49 4.2.1 Cc thng s v tnh cht nh gi mng TFC-PVA sau khi bin tnh : ..................... 49 4.2.2Tnh u nc ca mng ph PVA : .......................................................................... 50 4.2.3Kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng PA sau khi ph PVA(TFC_PVA): .................. 51 4.3Mng TFC ph PVA-TiO2 .................................................................................................. 53 4.3.1 Cc thng s v tnh cht nh gi mng PVA-TiO2 ................................................. 53 4.3.2 Kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng PVA-TiO2 ....................................................... 54 SVTH: Trn Vn Lam v CHNG 5:KT LUN ........................................................................................................ 57 5.1 Kt lun: ............................................................................................................................. 57 5.1.1 V mng PA_P25 ..................................................................................................... 57 5.1.2 V mng PA ph PVA .............................................................................................. 57 5.1.3 V mng PA ph PVA .............................................................................................. 57 5.2 Cc kt qu t c ca ti lun vn: ............................................................................ 58 TI LIU THAM KHO ......................................................................................................... 59 DANH MC HNH V Hnh 1.1: Tc nghn mng, ra mng bng ha cht thng xuyn lm gim tui th mng1 Hnh 1.2: Phn b tr lng nc trn tri t [1]Igor Shiklomanov, UNESCO, Paris, 1999]2 Hnh 1.3: Chi ph ca qu trnh lc thm thu ngc.2 Hinh 2.1: Mng i xng v khng i xng[3]5 Hnh 2.2:Kh nng lc ca cc loi mng khc nhau trong x l nc6 Hnh 2.3: Cc kiu ch chy trong cng ngh mng7 Hnh 2.4: C ch ca qu trnh thm thu xui v thm thu ngc.8 Hnh 2.5:M t s vn chuyn dung mi qua mng xp v mng cht[3]9 Hnh 2.6: Th ho hc, p sut v hot ho dung mi qua mng theo m hnh khuch tn[3]11 Hnh2.7:Dliuvsloibmuivdngnciquakhichothmthumtdungdch mui (3.5 % NaCl)qua mt mng thm thu ngc cht lng cao. [3]12 Hnh 2.8:Hin tng phn cc nng 13 Hnh 2.9:Thay i nng trong mt ct ngang vung gc vi mng[2]15 Hnh 2.10:Cu to mng RO TFC16 Hnh 2.11: Cu to lp polyamide17 Hnh 2.12: Cng thc cu to ca polyamide trn c s TMC MPD17 Hnh 2.13: Mng lc RO dng cun (flat-sheet spiral) trn c s polyamide.18 Hnh 2.14: Mt s cht gy tc nghn mng20 Hnh 2.15:Phn loi theo nguyn nhn gy tc nghn mng20 Hnh 2.16:Tc nghn thun nghch v bt thun nghch22 Hnh 2.17: Ba loi c ch tc nghn23 Hnh 2.18:C ch tch t cht ha c t nhin ln b mt mng24 Hnh 2.19:S kt t ca vi sinh vt ln trn b mt mng24 Hnh 2.20: Phc cht ca Ca v alginate.27 Hnh 3.1:Cng thc cu to Pollysulfone [27]30 Hnh 3.2:S kt ni mng gia PVA v borax trong mi trng kim [15]32 Hnh 3.3:Phn ng ni mng gia PVA v GA [23]33 Hnh 3.4:Cu trc TiO2dng Rutil v Anatas33 Hnh 3.5:C ch oxi ha cc hp cht hu c ca TiO2 [25]34 Hnh 3.6: Tnh khng khun ca mng cha TiO2 khi c chiu tia UV35 Hnh 3.7 : S m hnh h thng36 Hnh 3.8:Hnh chp h thng th nghim37 Hnh3.9:S tm tt ni dung nghin cu38 Hnh 3.10:Quy trnh tng hp mng TFC/TFN39 Hnh 3.11: Quy trnh tng hp mng PA ph PVA41 SVTH: Trn Vn Lam vi Hnh 3.12:Quy trnh chy tc nghn43 Hnh 4.1: th xc nh tr lc mng trng thng qua h s gc quan h tuyn tnh ca p sut v thng lng.45 Hnh 4.2: th v hng s thm ca nc, ca mui v tr lc mng.45 Hnh 4.3: th thng lng khi chy nc, chy mui v loi mui.46 Hnh 4.4: th nh hng hm lng TiO2 ln gc thm t ca mngPA_P2546 Hnh 4.5: gim thnglng tng i camng thngmi,mng TFCvmng PA_P25 theo thi gian48 Hnh 4.6: gim thnglng tuyt icamng thngmi,mng TFCvmng PA_P25 theo thi gian48 Hnh 4.7 : th biu din gc thm t ca mng PVA50 Hnh 4.8 : thnh hng ca nng PVA trong dung dch nhng mng ln gim thng lng tng i trong qu trnh th nghim chy tc nghn vi tc nhn gy tc nghn Alginate.51 Hnh 4.9: th biu din gim thng lng theo thi gian ca mng PVA52 Hnh 4.10: th gc thm t ca mng PVA-TiO253 Hnh 4.11: th gim thng lng tng i so vi ban u ca mng PVA-TiO2 trong qu trnh chy tc nghn.55 Hnh 4.12 : th gim thng lng theo thi gian ca mng PVA-TiO255 DANH MC BNG BIU Bng 2.2 :Cc qu trnh vn hnh mng trong x l nc [3] ....................................................5 Bng 2.3: Tnh tan ca mt s loi mui trong nc[6]. ............................................................ 21 Bng 3.1: Ha cht th nghim .................................................................................................. 35 Bng 3.2: Dng c th nghim ................................................................................................... 37 Bng 3.3: Cc loi mngkho st trong phn th nghim v mng TFN ................................... 40 Bng 3.4: Cc loi mngkho st trong phn th nghim v mng PVA ................................... 42 Bng 3.5: Loi mng kho st trong th nghim v mng PVA-TiO2 ......................................... 42 Bng 4.1: Thng lng u, cui v gim thng lng ca mng thng mi, mng TFC v mng PA_P25 0.004 v 0.01%. ................................................................................................. 47 Bng 4.2: nh hng ca nng PVA ln cht lng mng ................................................... 49 Bng 4.3: Thng lng v gim thng lng ca mng PA ph PVA khi chy tc nghn. .... 51 Bng 4.4: nh hng ca nng TiO2 ln tnh cht v nng sut ca mng PVA-TiO2........... 53 Bng 4.5: Thng lng u v cui trong khi chy tc nghn tc nhn alginate ca mng PVA-TiO2 .......................................................................................................................................... 54 SVTH: Trn Vn Lam vii DANH SCH CC T VIT TT ROQu trnh lc thm thu ngc ( reverse osmosis ) MFQu trnh lc vi lc( micro filtration ) UFQu trnh lc siu lc ( ultra filtration ) NFQu trnh lc nano ( nano filtration ) TFCLp mng mng composite ( thin film composite ) TFNLp mng mng nanocomposite(thin film nanocomposite ) PA Lp mng polyamid PVAPolyVinylAlcohol PSF Mng lc Polysulfone PSE Mng lc polyethersulfone MAMalic Acid NOM Cht hu c t nhin ( natural organic matter ) TMCTrimesoyl Chloride MPD Meta-Phenyl Diamine CA Cellulose acetate UV n cc tm ( ultraviolet ) TOCTng carbon trong cht hu c ( total organic carbon ) MwKhi lng phn t XPS Quang ph tia X ( X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy) Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang1 CHNG 1:T VN CHNG 1 : T VN 1.1 Tnh cp thit ca ti Ngy nay, qu trnh lc mng c tm quan trng ln trong thc phm, ha hc, y hc, dc, cng ngh sinh hc, x l nc thi, v cc lnh vc khc ca ngnh cng nghip. Do kh nng loibbngkthutcaovxlcnhiumctiu.Tuynhin,mttrongnhngtrngi chnh khi s dng cngnghmngl tc nghnmng. Tc nghn c nhngha n ginl cc tc cht gy tc nghn bm ln mng v lm gim thng lng lc ca mng. Cht tc nghn mng lm nh hng n c cht lng v s lng ca sn phm v thi hn s dng ca mng. Do ,hu qu ca cht tc nghn lun lun lm gim hiu sut qu trnh.Mt s yu t quan trng nh hng n tc nghn l: qu trnh tin x l nguyn liu, iu chnh tnh cht ca mng, ci tin iu kin vn hnh v sp xp module 1 cch ti u... Mc d tt c cc phng php trnlm gim tc nghnmt mc no ch khngloib hon ton c tc nghn. Do , phng php lm sch mng lun lun c s dng trong thc t. Bn phng php lm sch c phn loi: lm sch thu lc, c kh, ha hc v in. Trong s nhng phng php ny, lm sch bng ha hc l quan trng nht phc hi thng lng vi 1 s ha cht c s dng ring rhoc kt hp. qu trnhxlbngmnghot ng c hiu qu, th qu trnh lc phi c ngng thng xuyn lm sch mng phc hi kh nng lc ca mng . Thng xuyn lm sch c ngha l tng chi ph cho nhn cng v lm phc tp qu trnh lc mng. Hn na, kt qu ca lm sch bng ha hc lm chi ph tng ln v cn x l ha cht thi v cui cng s nh hng n thi hn s dng ca mng. Hnh 1.1: Tc nghn mng, ra mng bng ha cht thng xuyn lm gim tui th mng Trong cc ng dng camng k trn th ng dngmngvo xlnclmt trong ng dngthctinvrngrinhttronggiaionhinnay.Trongrtnhiuloimngcs dngtrongquytrnhxlncthmngthmthungcROmangnmttph,mt Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang2 CHNG 1:T VN hng i mi trong vic x l nc l lc nc bin thnh nc ngt. c bit hin nay, vi ngun nc ngt ang thiu mt cch trm trng th y l mt con ng y trin vng trong cng ngh x l nc bin (97.5% nc trn tri t l nc mn). Hnh 1.2: Phn b tr lng nc trn tri t [1]Igor Shiklomanov, UNESCO, Paris, 1999] Tuy c nhng bc t ph v cng ngh v mng RO v quy trnh lc nc bin. Nhng chi ph cho mt h thng x l nc bin vn rt cao. Trong chi ph v mng lc chim 5% cng thm vi chi ph ha cht ra mng, x l ha cht sau khi ra mng gp li cng ng mt phn ln chi ph ca qu trnh lc thm thu ngc. Hnh 1.3: Chi ph ca qu trnh lc thm thu ngc. Vinghincuvtitcnghnny,tcgisphmtlpPolyvinylalcohol(PVA)v PVA/TiO2 ln mng thm thu ngc RO Thin Film Composites (TFC) mong mun to ra mt loi mngc tnh khng tc nghn cao. Vi nhng c tnh chung ca PVA v TiO2 l kh tr, khngc,ckhnngbintnhmngtheohngkhngtcnghn,cbithaichtnyr Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang3 CHNG 1:T VN tin, d kim qu trnh ph mng kh n gin, d thc hin. Vi nhng li th trn s to ra cloimngcnhngctnhkhngtcnghncao,hiuquphntchmuitt,thng lng nc cao v n nh dn tih gi thnh mng ng gp gim tng chi ph ca qu trnh lc thm thu ngc. Nu chi ph ca qu trnh ny ngy cng gim th quy trnh lc nc bin s ph cp v thnh hnh, mang li c hi cho ngi ngho cc nc ang pht trin c c hi c s dng ngun nc sch t chnh ngun nc bin gn nh l v tn. 1.2 Tnh khoa hc v thc tin ca ti Tnh thc tin:Trongmy thpnin gn y khoa hc nghin cu ng dngvmngni chung v c bit l cng ngh mng lc RO ni ring pht trin mnh m trn ton th gii. Vi nhnguimvkhnnglcncbinthnhncngt thnhncbin.ccncpht trin nghin cu, sn xut ch to mng lc RO v trin khai cc nh my ch to mng RO thng mi, thit k quy trnh v xy dng cc nh my x l nc bin thnh nc ngt. Trong cc nc c ngnh cng nghip mng RO pht trin nht phi k n 2 quc gia l Israel v M l hai quc gia c ngnh cng nghip t to mng v lc nc bin pht trin nht. Bn cnh 2 quc gia ny th mt s quc gia ang ch trng pht trin ngnh cng nghip ni trn v cng cnhngsphttrinngknh:iLoan,HnQuc,TrungQucKhimngnhcng ngh v mng lc RO ang pht trin rc r nh vy th trong qu trnh vn hnh cc h thng ngi ta thyyu t nhhngln thnglnglc ca h thnglc ROni ringvhunh tonbcchthngvnhnhmnglcnichunggimnhanhtheothigian.Nguynnhn chnh ca vic thng lng b gim l vn tc nghn. Do , ngi ta mun ch to ra mt loi mng c tnh chng tc nghn thng lng ca mng n nh vi thi gian lu hn, thi gianthaymngctnglnmbochtlngsnphmcngnhhgithnh. cng chnh l mc tiu ca ti theo ui. ivi Vit Nam chng ta lnc c dn s ng (khong 90 triungi tnh nnm 2011) khng thiu nc n mc trm trng nhng din tch t nc tri di dc theo 3260 km dc theo bbin,ngnghiplngnh pht trintheo hng nhbt xab philulungy ngoi bin, ngnh vn ti bin ang trn pht trin mnh m, nhng chin tu ch hng i trn binrtdingy.cbitdnctrnccocaVitNamvnchacncsinhhot. Ngun nc sinh hot cho c dn trn o ch yu l nc ma hoc nc c ch t t lin ra, tuynhinnc c ch t t lin ravi chi ph tng i cao v khng phil cch gii quyt tt nht. ng thi t nc ta ang trong qu trnh cng nghip ho mnh m, cc thnh phdulchvenbin,ccthnhphcngsmclnnhanhchngvticc thnyngun nc ngt cng khng d dng g c c. Trong my nm tr li y th i sng kinh t ca ngi dn cng c tng ln, nhu cu cung cpncschcchtlngcaolmchongnhlcncvimnglcROkhphttrin. Mt s cng ty cp nc, nc ng chai cng nh cc h gia nh s dng cng ngh mng lc RO cung cp nc sch cht lng cao. Tuy nhin,100% mng lcRO v gn nh 100% h thng mng lc RO Vit Nam c nhp khu t cc nc nh M, i Loan, Trung Quc, Hn Quc Hin nay cc nghin cu v mng RO trong nc rt t, hu nh l khng c. Dn nvicnmbtvlmchcngnghnycnchm.tilunvnNghincu,khost Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang4 CHNG 1:T VN khnngchngtcnghncamnglcthmthungccphlpvtliupolyvinyl alcohol (PVA) v TiO2 mong mun c nhng nghin cu ban u v ti ny lm tin cho nhng nghin cu sau bc u nm bt cng ngh v c nhng hiu bit ngy cng su hn v lnh vc ny c th a ra nhng ng dng trong tng lai khng xa. Tnhkhoahc:CngvivicnghincubintnhmnglcROnhmnngcaohiuqu phn tch camng (bao gm nng cao thmthu v ci thinhiu sutloi bmui), vic nghin cu tng kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng lc ang l mt trong nhng mc tiu m cc nh khoa hc v cc cng ty sn xut mng lc ang tp trung nghin cu. Trong gii hn ca lun vn nghin cu kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng lc RO c ph lp vt liu PVA v TiO2 hy vng m ra hng nghin cu mi v cng ngh mng RO mi c kh nng chng tc nghn cao ng dng trong lc mui nc bin cng nh ti sinh nc thi Vit Nam. 1.3 Mc tiu nghin cu ca lun vn-Phlpvtliu PVAv PVA/TiO2lnbmt camng RO tng khnng khng tc nghn ca mng RO trong qu trnh lc mui nc bin.-Phn tn ht nano TiO2 vo trong cu trc mng lc RO trong qu trnh ch to mng to ramngmngnanocomposite(TFN)nhmcithinkhnngchngtcnghnmng trong qu trnh lc mui nc bin. 1.4 Ni dung nghin cu Bao gm 4 mc tiu sau : -Ch to v kho st cc c tnh ca mng TFC, TFN, mng TFC ph PVA v mng RO ph PVA/TiO2 nh : thm thu ca nc v mui (A,B); Tr lc mng (Rm); loi mui (Xs). -KhostnhhngcahmlngTiO2(%kl)trongdungdchTMClnctnhcacc loi mng TFN khi chy nc v chy mui. -Kho st nh hng ca nng PVA (%kl) trong dung dch nhng ph ln b mt mng PA ln kh nng chng tc nghn cc loi mng ny khi chy tc nghn bng nc mui bin + alginate. -Kho st nh hng ca hm lng TiO2 (%kl) trong dung dch PVA 1% nhng ph ln bmtmngPAlnkhnngchngtcnghnccloimngnykhichytcnghn bng nc mui bin + alginate. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang5 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN CHNG 2:TNG QUAN2.1 nh ngha, phn loi mng v qu trnh mng2.1.1 nh ngha mng lc Mng c th c nh ngha nh mt lp phim mng tch hai pha hot ng nh mt ro cn cchnlcchovicvnchuynvtcht.nhnghanybaogmnhnghavmngthm chn lc v ng rng tn ti s khc nhau ca ha th gia hai pha. iu ny rt quan trng v n ch ra rngmng khng c nhnghanh mt loivtliu th ng (passive)nhng tt hnvtliu chcnng(functionalmaterial). Cu trc v c tnh camng c thhin qua thnglngv chnlc camng. Haiyu t ny chyu ph thuc vo bn cht ca cc thnh phn cha trong hai pha v ng lc ca qu trnh. yl l do v sao phn loi theo chn lc c kh nng th hin tt hn c trng ca mng so vi phn loi theo cu trc.[2] Hinh 2.1: Mng i xng v khng i xng[3] 2.1.2 Qu trnh vn hnh mng nh ngha qu trnh vn hnh mng (membranes operation) :L mt s vn hnh m trong c dng vo b phn ra hai dng : dng thm cha vt cht xuyn qua mng v dng c gi li khng thm qua mng. S vn hnh mng c th c s dng c c, lm sch cht tan, tch hn hp Trong s cc quy trnh phn tch th mng lc c s dng rng ri hn c. - Phn loi : C th phn loi cc loi vn hnh mng theo cc tiu ch sau y: +ng lc qu trnh +C ch tch loi +Cu trc ca mng +S tip xc pha Bng 2.2 :Cc qu trnh vn hnh mng trong x l nc [3] Membrane operation ng lc qu trnh C ch ca s phn tch Cutrcmng Phase 1*2 Vi lc (MF)p sutRy sng L mng ln hn 50nm LL Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang6 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN Siu lc (UF)p sutRy sngL mng t 2-50nmLL Lc nano (NF)p sut Ry sng + (ha an/khuch tn, + loi tr) L mng b hn 2nm LL Thm thu ngc (RO) p sut Ha an/khuch tn, + loi tr Dy khtLL Mng bay hi Hot ng (p sut mt phn) Ha tan-Khuch tnDy khLK Membrane stripping Hot ng(p sut mt phn) Bay hi L mng ln hn 50nm (Mng kh) LK Mng chng ct Hot ng(nhit ) Bay hi L mng ln hn 50nm (Mng kh) LL Thm tch Hot ng(nng ) Khuch tn L mng ln hn 50nm LL in thm tchin thTrao i IonTrao i IonLL * Phase 1 l pha trong dng vo 2.1.3 Gii thiu v cng ngh mng trong x l nc :Cng ngh mng x l nc thi v nc cp ngy cng pht trin mnh m. Tuy nhin, vn tc nghnmngvnl trngichnh ivis ng dng rng rica cngnghmng. Hn na, kh nngng dngquy m ln trong xl nc thi i hi sgim gi thnh mng.Trong nhng nm gn y, mt s nghin cu tp trung vo vn tc nghn mng m ch yu l cc nhn t gy tc nghn, c th l tnh cht bn, thng s vn hnh, vt liu ch to mng v tnh cht ca dng thi u vo. S phc tp ca cht gy tc nghn mng v bn hot tnh vn cn gy ra nhng vn kh hiu.C 4 loi cng nghlc mng c dng ph bin trong xl nc v nc thi : + Cng ngh mng vi lc (Microfiltration). + Cng ngh mng siu lc (Ultrafiltration). + Cng ngh mng lc nano (Nanofiltration). + Cng ngh mng lc thm thu ngc (Reverse Osmosis). Hnh 2.2:Kh nng lc ca cc loi mng khc nhau trong x l nc Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang7 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN Thng qua cc qu trnh ny, phn t cht tan v pha phn tn trong lu chtcn x l c loi tch thnh 2 dng, dng lu cht c nng cao v dng thm c x l. Trong cng ngh mng c 2 ch hot ng khcnhau ty thuc vo 2 kiu dng chy: kiu dng chyngang (cross-flow) v kiu dng chy ng (dead-end). a)Kiu dead-endb) Kiu cross-flowHnh 2.3: Cc kiu ch chy trong cng ngh mng Kiudng chy dead-end dn n hin tng tc nghn mng nhanh hn kiu dngchycross-flow,haynikhchnlkiudngchycross-flowkhcphcnhcimtcnghn mng nhanh chng ca kiu dngchydead-end v c s dng rng ri trong cc quy trnh xlnc. Trong kiu dng chy cross-flowlu cht c p sut c chyngang trn bmt mng tc cao lm hn ch s tc nghn do cc cht bn kha l xp v to lp b bn trn b mt mng. Mt s cht nhim bn trong nc thi tch ly dn dn trn mng to thnh lpmng trong sut qu trnhmnghot ng. Qu trnhnyc gil tc nghnvxy ra dn theo thi giankm vi ssuy gim lng nc thm qua mng. Khi mng khng cn t thng lngncschnhmongmun,ngi ta tinhnh raschmngbngnchoc ha cht. Mng c th c lm sch nhiu ln ty thuc ch hot ng v bo dng do nh sn xut qui nh. 2.2 Tng qua v mng thm thu ngc RO : 2.2.1 Khi nim v qu trnh thm thu ngc :S thm thungcxy ra khimtmngbn thmc tnh chnlc (chcho nc i qua, khng cho cht tan i qua) phn tch hai dung dch lng c nng khc nhau. Nu chnh lch p sut AP hai bn mng ln hn p sut thm thu At, hng dng lu cht thm thu s b o ngc so vi khi p sut cn bng (hoc AP100m),chtrnkeoln(supra-colloid)(1-100 m), cht rn keo (0,001-1 m), cht rn ha tan (106CFU/mlthkhnngtcnghnsinhhcrtkh trnh khi. Ch c th hn ch bng cch tin x l dit khun bng chlorine, tuy nhin chlorine chnh l cht oxi ha c kh nng ph hy mng. Mt trong nhng hng i sng sa v y trn vng gii quyt vn ny cmt s tc gi p dng v t c mt s thnh cng l ph 1lpTiO2lnbmtmng[9,10...].HiuqucaphccphntTiO2lnbmtmngv chiu bc x UV to ra mng c kh nng t lm sch. Lp ht TiO2ph b mt mng khng ch c tnh quang xc tc m cn lm tng tnh dnh t ca mng. Cht tc nghn hu c[11]: mt s cht hu c tn ti trong mi trng nc t nhin nh acid humic, acid alginic, Nng canhng cht ny trongmi trngncl khong 0,5 20 mg/L TOC v trong mi trng nc mn (nc b mt) khong 100 mg/L TOC. Chng thng kt hp vi cc ion m ch yu l Ca2+, Mg2+ to phc cht v kt hp thnhmt lp gel bm ln b mt mng gy hin tng tc nghn mng. Cc loi cht tc nghn hu c ny c th loi b bng qu trnh tin x l bng kt ta, kt t to bng vi cht to bng hydroxide, hp ph bng cacbon hot tnh hoc lc qua h thng lc MF (microfiltration) v UF (ultrafiltration) +) Phn loi theo biu hin hnh thnh tc nghn: Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang22 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN Tuy nhin nh cp, qu trnh tc nghn l qu trnh phc tp gy ra bi nhiu yu t gy tc nghn cng tn ti ng thinn ta cng phnloi tc nghn da trn biuhinhnh thnh lp tc nghn gm c:tc nghn thun nghch v tc nghn bt thun nghch. Hnh 2.16:Tc nghn thun nghch v bt thun nghchTc nghn bt thun nghch l hin tng tc nghn m khng thloi b bng phng php ra vtlnhng c thloib bng phng php ra ha hc. Cn tc nghn thun nghch c th loibbngchaiphngphpravtlvhahc.Nhvycththyctcnghn thun nghch s c xu hng hnh thnh lp tc nghn trn b mt mng, cn tc nghn bt thun nghch ch yu l s kha cc l xp ca mng. 2.3.2 C ch ca tc nghn mngTt c cc cht tc nghn bm ln b mt mng RO theo 3 bc sau:Thnhtl,svnchuynccphn t gytcnghnnbmtmnglcnychtipxc vi dung dch nc em lc din ra nh s kt hp hin tng i lu cng bc ca dng thm qua v khuch tn cc phn t ny quay tr li dung dch em lc. Giai on ny c s tc ng ca s phn cc nng hay n gin ch l lc li ko n thun. Th hai l, nhng tc nhn gy tc nghn u tin bm trn mng c quyt nh bi s cn bng cc thnh phnlc tc ng n cc phn t nybao gmlc gybi dng p lc cao v lc b mt gia mng v tc nhn gy tc nghn. Th ba l, sau khilpbm dnhban u hnh thnh, phn t bm dnh trnmng slm thay i tnh cht b mt mng, lc ny b dy lp phn t ny ln ln v c chi phi bi s khng ch cn bng gia lc gy ra bi dng p lc cao v lc tng tc gia tc nhn- tc nhn Tuynhintyvotngloitcnghnmcchhnhthnhvphttrinlnbmtkhc nhau. Thng thng c ch ca tc nghn mng ni chung c phn ra lm 3 c ch sau : Hp ph, kha l xp v lng ng/hnh thnh lp cake.[6] Ty vo t s =ng k nh ht tc nghnng k nh I xp ca cc trng hp c th m ngi ta phn cho n Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang23 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN thuc c ch no. Vi < 1 : C ch hp ph;~1 :C chbtl xp v >1 :c chlng ng/hnh thnh lp cake ph ln mng. Hnh 2.17: Ba loi c ch tc nghn ivimng c kht (dense), khng cl xp (nh RO, NF) th c ch chyu canhng loi mng ny l hnh thnh lp cake tc nghn. C ch hp ph v kha l xp th ph hp vi cc loi mng c l xp (nh MF, UF). Cc c ch c th to nn c ch hnh thnh lp cake tc nghn trong mng RO nh sau : Cchtcnghnktta:Datrnccthngssauyxcnhcchhnhthnhtc nghn do kt ta. -Da trn tch s tan ca mui AxBy : Tch nng m ln hn tch s tan th kt ta, nh hn s khng c kt ta.

-Hng s hot ha trung bnh ca mui AxBy : -Tha s nng , CF Vi Y: phc hi;R: loi mui -Phn cc nng CP C ch hnh thnh tc nghn cht hu c t nhin (NOM):NOM c th c phn loi da theo khi lng phn t hay c tnh i nc khc nhau. i Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang24 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN vikhilng phn t (MW), Lee [11] cho rng tc nghn ca NOMlmt phn cccht c khi lng phn t cao kha cc l trn b mt mng. Nhng nh nghin cu khc th dnh quan tm cho tc ng ca tnh k nc ca NOM trong tc nghn hu c. Ngi ta cho rng mt s c ch gii thch cho s tc mng gy ra bi nhng thnh phn k nc, phn a ncv cc thnh phn cc trung gian (transphiliccomponents) ln lt l s phn cc nng , tc nghn hp ph v s tch t lp b [12]. Hnh 2.18:C ch tch t cht ha c t nhin ln b mt mng C ch hnh thnh tc nghn do vi sinh vt : Hnh 2.19:S kt t ca vi sinh vt ln trn b mt mng Tc nghn sinh hc gy ra bi s pht trin ca cc vi sinh vt bm trn b mt mng hoc cc loi vi khun c gi li trn mng pht trin thnh lp b bao bc phn din tch lc ca mng. Trong qu trnh pht trin lp mng vi sinh vt ngy cng dy c v gy ra trlc i vi qu trnh lc, to cng l nguyn nhn dn ti tc nghn sinh hc khi hnh thnh nhng tp on bn trn b mt mng Hiroshi [13]. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang25 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN 2.4Cc phng php nh gi s tc nghn ca mng : B dy v tnh cht lp b lc bm ln mng :[6] B qua cc tr lc nh nh tr lc phn cc nng (Rcp) th thnh phn tr lc ca mng ch yu gm tr lc mng trng (Rm) v Tr lc lp b (Rc) : [ =p Atp( Rm+ Rc) Rm cxc nhban u(bngcch o thnglngnhiu psut xc nhhngs gc), Rt = Rm + Rcxc nh c ti mt thi gian t nht nh theo cng thc trn.T ta xc nh c tr lc lp b Rc dn tisxc nh b dy lp b theo cc cng thc sau:Rc= rc.oc Rcl tr lc ca lp cake hnh thnh; rc l tr lc ring ca lp b; oc l b dy lp b. oc=mcpp( 1-c) mc l khi lng lp cake trn mt n v din tch p: t trng ca cht tan hoc ht.Theo Kozeny-Carmantnhtr lc ring lp b rc =(1/kc)nh sau : Vi c : xp ca cake; ap: bn knh ht tc nghn; K=5 v S=3/ap Theo Happel Sphere-in-Celltr lc ring lp b c tnh nh sau : Vi c : xp ca cake; ap: bn knh ht tc nghn v S=3/ap T s tng i ca thng lng J/Jo : y l cch o trc quan v d dng nh gi gim tng i ca thng lng mng. Ban u lc t=0 th J/Jo=1 v gim dn theo thi gian. Nhn vo th biu din t s ny theo thi gian, da vo dc cng nh hnh thi th ta c th nhn xt c gim thng lng mt cch kh chnh xc. Vic lin h gia vic hnh thnh lp cake v gim thng lng nc cn c m t nh sau: Theonhlutbo tonkhilngvichnhthnhlpcakecmttheophngtrnhvi phnsau: d6cdt= [ [rc-rVi|c =1-cc

Thng lng ti thi im t:[ =p-At( Rm+occ) Kt hp hai cng thc trn v ly tch phn ta c: ]]0= ( 1 + ot)-12, Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang26 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN Vi[0= p/ Rm: l thng lng nc ban u. H so =2bc-bc.]0Rm, |b = 1-cb (|b RNaCl >RCaCl2 ~RMgCl2MWCO trung bnh cc loi mng khong 250-350 Da. Gn y,nghincu ch to mnglc kt hp htnano TiO2 ng dng trong cngngh lc ang rt c ch nh kh nng dit khun v phn hy cht bn bng hiu ng quang xc tc ca ht nano TiO2 khi c mt tia UV. Jian-HuaLivcccngs[19]cngbktqunghincuchtovctnhmnglc nanoSMA(syrene-alt-maleicanhydride)/PVDF(polyvinylideneflouride)vhtnanoTiO2 nhmci thin khnngchng tc nghnmng.Phng php ch to bng phng php (sol-gel)nhngmnglcSMA/PVDFvodungdchphntnhtnanoTiO2.Ktqunghincu cho thy gc tipxc giamngv nc gim r rt khi so snh vimng SMA/PVDF chng minhTiO2trnbmtgpphntngkhnnganccamnglmtngthnglngnc qualc, kt hpvi khnngloib cht bn (protein) cao khng nhhiu quchng tc nghn mng khi kt hp vi ht nano TiO2. Hyun Soo Lee v ng s [20] so snh hiu qu lc v kh nng loi mui gia cc loi mng lc PA (polyamide) ht nano TiO2 v mng lc PA. Kt qu cho thy s kt hp ht TiO2 vi mng lc PA lm tng tnh a nc ca mng gp phn lm tng thng lng nc qua lc ng Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang29 CHNG 2: TNG QUAN thicholoibmuicao.Bncnh,nnght TiO2cngcimtiu,nhhng ncutrc,bnvhiuquphntchcamnglc.Tcgichngminhbnbm dnhcahtnanoTiO2trnmngPAtheophngphpphnhngkmhnsoviphng php trn hp trc khi trng hp. Madaeni v N. Ghaemi [21] cng b kt qu nghin cu kh nng t lm sch ca mng RO ph ht nano TiO2 bng phng php ph nhng di iu kin chiu UV. Hai ng lm r tc ng ca hai tnh cht quang xc tc v siu a nc ca ht nano TiO2 trn mng RO. Nh tnh siu a nc to mt lp nc mng trn b mt mng, ngn cn cht bn tip xc trc tip vi b mt mng, kt hp tnh quang xc tc phn hy cc cht bn loi b cht bn bng qu trnh rabngnctrongqutrnhvnhnhhayvsinhnhk.Ktqunghincuchngminh hiuqulcvchngtcnghncamngROTiO2cchiutiaUVcaohnhnmngRO khng ph TiO2. V.Kochkodanv ngs [22] nghin cu sbm dnhca cc vikhunlnmng polymer khcnhaubngcchkhostsbmccloivikhunE.Coli(anc),P.putida,A. Calcoaceticus (k nc) ln cc loimng khc nhau (polysulfone, polyethersulfone (k nc), cellulose(anc)chngminhbmcavikhunlnmngkncthphnmnga nc. Trong khi , bm ca vi khun a nc km hn vi khun k nc. Kt qu cng cho thythngsthnglngncqualccamnggimtheothigianchngtldospht trin vi sinh vt trn b mt mng gy tc nghn. Cng trnh nghin cu cng trnh by hiu qu dit khunbng cchxlbmt mng bng ht nano TiO2, cho thymng s dnght nano TiO2 c hiu qu khng vi khun cao gp 1,7-2,3 ln so vi mng bnh thng to kh chng tc nghn bi s bm dnh vi sinh vt trn b mt mng trong qu trnh hot ng. Lifen Liu v cc ng s cng nghin cu v kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng trn c s PVAvTiO2[23].MngPolyrotaxanes(PRs)-TiO2-Polyvinylalcoholclmbngcchph nhng trn nn mng Terylene trong dung dch c dung mi l nc vi hm lng PR (0-3%), mtdnxutcao-cyclodextrin(o-CD),TiO2solandPVA(110%),sykhvxlni mng bng glutaraldehyde (GA). Kt qu cho thyrng, nng PVA v PR, t s PR vi TiO2 trong dung dchnhng nhhngln cc thng s ca s bin tnhnhimmobilization degree (ID), t s hp thu nc ca mng (Wr) v cc thng s v nng sut lc nh: tr lc tng (Rt), tcnghnkhngthunnghch(Rf),trlcmngbintnh(Rm)vdccaV-ttheoorder mu, trong khi dc ca Rt/V-t phn nh khuynhhng tc nghnmngbao gm s khal xp v s hnh thnh lp cake. Hn na, quy trnh bin tnh mng lm tng cng kh nng hp ph theo hng toluen trong nc. iu ny c th lm phc hi khc bit ca quang xc tc khi chiusngbng UV ph thuc vo iu kin bin tnhmngv thnh phnlp kt ta khi ph. Bin tnh mng nng PVA 5%, PR 2% v TiO2 em li kh nng khng tc nghn cho mng, nng sut lc ca mng, hp ph loi b toluene v ph hi. Bin tnh mng ti PVA 10% vTiO2toraloimngcnngsutlctthnnhngkmvkhnnghpph. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang30 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMCHNG 3 : PHNG PHP V M HNH NGHIN CU 3.1 Ha cht v dng c th nghim : 3.1.1 Vt liu v ha cht : Mng PSF-UF300 Polysulfone (PS) l 1 h polymer do chu nhit cha sulfur. Nhng polymer ny c tnh bn v kh nng n nh nhit cao. c im ca nhm sulfone l c n v cu to dng (aryl-SO2-aryl). Polysulfone c cng ty Union Carbide pht hin vo nm 1965 [29]. Hnh 3.1:Cng thc cu to Pollysulfone [27] Cc polymer ny c bn cao, trong sut v duy tr cc tnh cht trong khong nhit t -1000C 1500C. N c cu trc rt bn, ch thayi kch thc khi tipxcvinc sihoc dng kh nng 1500C, hi nc hoc nng di 0.1%. Nhit nng chy ca polysulfone l 1850C [29]. Tnh cht l ha ca Polysulfone [30]: -Kh nng khng acid, bazo, khng thy phn. -Khng dn in. -Khng chy, chu nhit cao. -Chu c pH trong khong 2-13. -Kh nng khng cc cht oxi ha do c th c lm sch bng cc cht ty trng.Vncngkhngccchthotngbmtvccloidu hydrocarbon. -Tuynhinnkhngkhngcccdungmiphnccthp(nhxeton, clorua hydrocarbon) v cc hydrocarbon thm. -V polysulfone c kh nng chu nn tt, khng bin dng do thng c s dng di p sut cao. Ngoi cc tnh cht trn Polysulfone cng c s dng sn xut mng nh vo tnh cht c kh nng ti sn xut v iu chnh kch thc l mng nh n 40 nm. Mng ny c th c s dng lc mu chy thn nhn to, lc nc, nc thi, thc phm v tch kh. Mng polysulfone PSFUF30 s dng trong nghin cu c sn xut bi cng ty Sepro, M c cc thng s nh sau [31]: Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang31 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM-B dy lp mng (bao gm c lp ): 0.165 mm. -Chiu rng cun mng: 1.02 m. -Chiu di cun mng: 125 m. -Thng lng nc qua mng: 1200 Lmh/Bar. - loi b 96 % (PEG-20K) . -Khong pH gii hn: 2-10. -Nhit gii hn ti a: 500C. Mng phi c bo quan ni kh thong, tt nht l bo qun ni khng kh kh mt trnh nh nng mt tri. Trnh tip xc, gy xc trn b mt mng. PVA v s ni mng PVA (Cross-linking PVA) PVA c cng thc phn t l (C2H4O)x ; l mt polymer mnh thng c th c iu ch bng cch thy phnpolyvinylacetate. Ty vo mc thy phnv trng ngng ca cc cht ban uthtoraccloiPVAckhilngphnt,nht, tnhtankhcnhau.PVAlmt chtkhtrvkhngc.KhiccmnglinktPVAvimtlnnskhngtantrong ncnhnglic tnhcht trngnnhmtloigelgingnhmtloihydrogel.Chonn PVA c ng dng kh rng ri trong cuc sng hngngy. Vinhng tnh cht PVA cnghincutrongcngnghmngvihyvngcithinkhnngchngtcnghnca mng. Cc phng php ni mng PVA : Phng php kt tinh [24]PVA c th c ni mng theo phng php vt l bng cch h nhit ri li nng nhit lntrongkhongnhitt-200Cn+250CvtinhthhacamngPVAt5.2n 11.6%, mc d tnh cht ca mng khng thay i trongmt thi gian dinhng kt nimng vtlthkhngmnhhockhngbnnhkhisdnghacht.ngthihmlngnc gim khi tng tinh th ha.Phng php x l nhit [24]PVAkhthyphnhontonvikhilngphnt86v115kDacgianhitkhong nhit 1200C n 1750C trongvng 30n 80 phtvmng c thnghimnhlmng RO. Kt qu v kh nng thm ca nc v mui ch ra rng cu trc mng tr nn kht hn khi tng nhit x l. Thnglng nc sch qua mng RO t qu trnh xl nhit PVAc so snh vi cc mng khc trong ti nghin cu. Mng x l nhit c xem l c tnh chu nn bi p lc tt hn cc phng php khc bi v cc chc htr ca vng tinh.Ni mng bng phn ng dehydrate ha vi xc tc acid [24]PhlnmngPFShocpolytetrafluoroethylenevidungdchPVAvacidsulphuric,xl nhit1500C,sautiptcphlnmnglpdungdchpoly(acrylicacid)vacid sulphuric rix lnhit1600C to thnhmng composite c loibcao nhng thng Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang32 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMlng li rt thp. Dung dch PVA vi thy phn 86-89% v khi lng phn t 72kDacha xc tc acid sulphuric cho phn ng dehydrate ha c phln trn mngnn, sau x l nhit 100-1250C trong vng 10-30 pht to kh nng khng ha tan c trong nc choPVA. Ni mng bng cc gc t do [24]X l PVA bng K2S2O8 s to PVA khng ha tan trong nc. Cht oxi ha mnh sto ra cc gc t do polymer dn n qu trnh kt ni mng, mng NF hnh thnh c loi btrn 80% khi xl dung dch MgSO4 c nng 1000 mg/lt. Phng php s dng ha chtPVA( thyphn99%)csdngchtomngvcnimngbngmtlng gii hn formaldehyde trong mt b cha ti nhit phng trong vng 24 gi, sau c xlnhit.formalhalthphn50%bivformaldehydertkhxmnhpvotinhth hnh thnh trong sut qu trnh x l nhit. Mngnnban u c hp ph PVA ln trn b mt mng, sau cc PVA c ni mng vi nhau bng cchnhng mng vo dung dch bi Borax trong mi trng kim [15]. Hnh 3.2:S kt ni mng gia PVA v borax trong mi trng kim [15] MngTyrylenecbintnhbngcchbanuphlnmngmtlphnhpgm PolyrotaxanesTiO2PVAvgitronglnung1000Ctrongvng24gi.Saumngli c nhng vo hn hp dung dch gm 1.9% khi lng ca GA cng vi acetone v HCl (t l khi lng l 6:300:8) trong vng 3 gi 500C, phn ng kt ni mng gia PVA v GA slm gim kh nng trng ca PVA trong nc [23]. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang33 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM Hnh 3.3:Phn ng ni mng gia PVA v GA [23] Xc tc quang TiO2 [25,26] TiO2l mt loi oxit bn dn thuc nhm ca kim loi chuyn tip, thng thng TiO2l cht bt mu trng, c kch c micromet, rt bn ha hc, khng c v r tin. kch c ny, TiO2 c dng lm cht n trong cng nghip sn v ho m phm t nhiu nm nay. Nhng gn y, cc nh khoa hc Nht Bn pht hin thy khi a TiO2 xung kch thc cc nh - c nanomet, th n th hin hng tnh cht vt l v ho hc khc hn. Khi TiO2 c s dng lm cht xc tc quang c hai dng cu trc ch yu l Rutil v Anatas. Trong c hai cu trc,miion Ti4+ tm cabt din nh oxi. Gc Ti-O-Ti trong Rutilbng 120o. Cc gc Ti-O-Ti trong Anatas gm mt gc bng 180o, hai gc cn li mi gc 90. Hnh 3.4:Cu trc TiO2dng Rutil v Anatas C ch ca phn ng xc tc quang TiO2 [25,26]Khi cht bn dn c chiu sng, khi cc photon c nng lng ln hn nng lng vng cm, cc electron s nhy t vng ho tr ln vng dn, v ton b qu trnh c th m t theo c ch sau: Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang34 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM Hnh 3.5:C ch oxi ha cc hp cht hu c ca TiO2 [25] ivi TiO2 dng cu trc Anatas th chnhlch nnglng giavng ho tr v vng dnl 3.2eV, v vy di tc dng ca photon c nng lng ln hn 3.2eV th s xy ra cc qu trnh sau:

I02 hv >3.2cv--ccb-+b+

Sxuthincaccltrngquangsinhmangintchdngb+trongmitrngncs xy ra phn ng to thnh gc hydroxyl OH*nh sau: b++ E20 0E+E+

Bn cnh , bn thnl trng b+ cng cnlmt tc nhn oxiho c kh nng oxiho cht phn ng. Nu cc cht phn ng hp phln b mt cht bn dn th n c kh nng i vo cc l trng thc hin phn ng. ng thi trn vng dn cng xy ra phnng to gc hydroxylOH*giaelectronquangsinhccb- vO2cmttrongmitrngnc: ccb-+ 02 02- 202-+ 2E20 E2 02+20E- + 02 E2 02+ccb- 0E+ 0E- Cc gc hydroxyl t do OH* v O-2l cc gc c th oxyha rt mnhc khnng phnhy cc hp cht hu c v tiu dit cc vi sinh vt c trong nc. Hin tng siu thm t [25,26]HintngsiuthmtlinquannqutrnhkhcationTi+4 thnhTi+3 ngthitonn mngliltrng trn bmt ca oxidebn dn TiO2 do qu trnh oxiha O-2 thnh O2,hai qu trnh kh v oxiha nyxy ra ng thi khi c nh sng UV chiuvo. Khic nh sng UV kch thch, cc in t s dch chuyn t vng ha tr ln vng dn, do ti vng dn cc in t vng dn ny s kh Ti+4 thnh Ti+3, cn vng ha trs xy ra s oxi ha O-2 thnh O2biccltrng,qu trnhnygiiphngO2vhnhthnhnnmngliltrng trnb mt cc ht TiO2, e- + Ti4+Ti3+ 4h+ + 2O2- O2 Do,khicsgpmtcanctrnbmt thccnguyntoxicaphntncnhanh chng chim cc l trng ny v quay hai nguyn t hidro cn li ra pha ngoi, chnh cc mng Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang35 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMlinguynthidroquayraphabnngoinytonnlinkthidroviccphntnc khc,lmchoccgitncbkomngratrn bmtcchtTiO2, tonnhintngsiu thm t. Hnh 3.6: Tnh khng khun ca mng cha TiO2 khi c chiu tia UV Bng 3.1: Ha cht th nghimSTSHa chtDng th hnhThng s k thutHng 1Mng UFTm phng Vt Liu: Polysulfone B dy: 0.165 mm Sepro,USA 2 Mng RO thng mi Tm phng-FILMTECHTM 3TiO2 Bt Din tch b mt ring : 50m2/g ng knh ht trung bnh : 30 nm P25 80% anatase, 20% rutile Degussa, Trung Quc 4 Polyvinyl Alcohol (PVA) Ht rn Mw ~31000 Da thy phn: 88% Sigma-Aldrich USA 5Acid MalicBt tinh khit : >99.5%Fluka, Germany 6 Sodium Alginate Bt trng nu CTPT: (C6H8O6)n , Mw= 10000- 60000, =1.61g/cm3 Sigma-Aldrich USA 7Acid HClLng Nng : 36-37% M= 36.46 Xilong-Trung Quc 8TMCHt rn 1,3,5-Benzenetricarboxylic acid chloride(C9H3Cl3O3)98% Sigma-Aldrich 9MPDHt rnm-Phenylenediamine hay 1,3- Sigma-Aldrich Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang36 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMdiaminobenzene C6H8N2 >99% 10n-HexanLngC6H14 99%Prolabo 11NaClOLngavailable chlorine 99%Vit Nam 3.1.2 H thng v dng c th nghim :- H thng th nghim chy tc nghn :Hnh 3.7 : S m hnh h thng + H thng chy mng bao gm mt bm pitton cao p( hng CAT PUPM), quay 1425 v/pht vipsuttial1000PSI,cngsut1.5HP.Mtbnchanc12litcgnhthng lnh(mylnhnnhi)duytrnhit250Cchodungdch.Bncttrnmtmy khuy t khuy trn dung dch ng nht v nng cng nh nhit . Bn cell gn mng Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang37 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMc lp trn h thng c th kho st cng lc 4 mng. Mt van by pass chnh th lu lng v p sut. Hai van xanh chnh p hai nhnh t p sut v lu lng yu cu. Hai rotameter hai nhnh quan st lu lng. Hnh 3.8:Hnh chp h thng th nghim Bng 3.2: Dng c th nghim STTDng c v thit bHng 1My khuy t-(Nht) 2L sy1000C1 (Xiong mao, China) 3T LnhHitachi (Nht) 4Cn phn tchSartorious BL210S (Germany) 5My o dn, pHNht 6ng h bm giHin th % giy, (China) 7Lu lng kKing Instrument, (USA) 8Nhit k thy ngnMax 1000C (Vit Nam) 9Bm cao p1425RPM,1.5 HP, (USA) 10Bng keo khng nc3M , (USA) 11p k(Taiwan) 12Hpknh nhng mng (ngang v ng)T ch 13Cell lc m phng Thp 304, t ch to theo kiu mu tham kho t i Hc UCLA,(USA) 14VanbypassTaiwan 15My lc chn khngChina 16Gin lm lnh iu nhitT thit k 17My nnTrung Quc 18Dao khT ch Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang38 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM19 Cc loi becker, ng ong, pipet, knh dn mng, v cc thit b ph kin khc i km khi iu ch v kho st th nghim 3.2 Cc ni dung thc hin : Hnh3.9:S tm tt ni dung nghin cu Ni Dung Nghin Cu Ch to mng RO TFN (TiO2)RO TFC_PVARO TFC_PVA/TiO2 Kho st c tnh ca mng (thng lng, loi mui, tr lc mng) khi chy bng nc ct v mui NaCl tinh khit. Kho st c tnh ca mng khi chy bng nc bin Kho st c tnh chng tc nghn ca mng khi chy nc bin c tc nhn gy tc nghn . Xl sliu, nh gi khnng chng tc nghn ca 3 loi mng khc nhau vi mng thng mi. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang39 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM3.3Phng php nghin cu : 3.3.1 Quy trnh tng hp mng RO TFC/TFN Hnh 3.10:Quy trnh tng hp mng TFC/TFN - Chun b mng PSF thng mi : Mng thng mi PSF c ct thnh tng hnh vung kch thc 10x10cm. Sau c ra quavngm trong nc ct khong 3-4 gi. Tip n,mng cmang ra hong kh trong iu kin phng th nghim cho ro nc. Cc tmmng kh c dn bng keo ln tm knh thy tinh sch (kch thc 12x16cm) c tc dng lm gi cho mng trong qu trnh to mng. Bng keo khng thmnc mongmun qu trnh to mng ch xy ra trn b mt, ngn khng cho to mng pha sau. - Chunbha cht : Haimonomer c chunb ring trong haidungmi khcnhau : MPD chatantrongnctrongkhiTMCchatantrongn-Hexane.MPDchatan2g trongl100mlncctvcbcknbilnhmtrnhboxy-habinhsng;0.1g TMC c ha tan trong 100ml dung mi n-Hexane. Hai dung dch c khuy bi my khuy t nhit phng t nht 3 gi trc khi dng. NaClO 200ppm v NaHSO3 1000ppmc pha trong 2 becher 1000ml khc nhau. - Dng c th nghim: My nn kh to p khong 2-3 bar; dao kh l cc tm kim loi hn li vi nhau cho ra dng khhpv u khinivimynn;thng t mng d y dao kh;2l 500ml ng TMCv MPD, 2becher 1000ml ng NaClO v NaHSO3, 2my khuy t, 2 bp Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang40 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMun nc, 2 bn nc bng thy tinh chu nhit ra mng bng nc nng; 1 khay ng v mt khaynmngang t (to bng thy tinh) kch thc phhp nhngmng; 1 khaynha t mngcng mt s dng c b tr khc. - Tin hnh th nghim to mng TFC :u tin bt my nn chy cho p, bt cng tc 2 bp unncln nnhit yu cuv duy trnhit . Chunbha cht v tt c dng c cn thit ln bn th nghim. TMC ra khay thy tinh ng, MPD ra khay nm ngang. Bt u lm th nghim: Dng tm king dn mng PSF (nh trn) nhng mt c dn mng ca tm king trong dung dch MPD trong vng 2 pht, mt cn li khng tip xc vi dd MPD. Sau 2 pht ly mng ra hong cho ro t nhin. Sau t nhanh nm ngang ln tm m cao su bmt chamngln trn, cm dao kh ynhv u tayvi gc nghing khong 300 v cchbmtmng2-3cmyMPDdrakhimngngthitomtlpddmonomer MPDu trn b mt mng. Thao tc y dao kh rt quan trng, quyt nh tnh ng u ca mng.Tiptheo,lytmkinglndngkhngiylauschphnMPDbdaokhyrakhi thnh.Tipnlqutrnhphnngtomnggiahaimonomerbngcchnhngchmtm king cha mng sau khi y dao kh vo trong khay ng cha dd TMC trong vng 1 pht phn ng to mng xy ra. Sau 1 pht ly tm knh ra t ng hong kh mng 2 pht n nh cu trc mng trc khi ra bng nc nng. Mng sau khi ngoi khng kh 2 pht c a vo bn nc nng 90-950 C trong vng 3 pht. Sau ly ra v dng dao tch mng ra khi tmknhrahacht(2phttrongNaClOraMPDd,1phttrongNaHSO3ra NaClObmlnmng).Cuicngamngngmtrongncnng2phtraschhon ton ha cht sau ly ra v bo qun mng trong nc. - Tin hnh th nghim to mng TFN :To mng TFN hon ton tng t nh to mng TFC ngoi tr vic thmnano TiO2 P25 vo dung dch TMCban uvi ccnng % TiO2 khc nhau. y kho st nng TiO2 pha vo dung dch TMC nh gi cu trc, tnh cht ca mng khi pha TiO2 vo vi nng % ln lt l 0.004%; 0.01%; 0.05%; 0.1%; 0.3% so snh vi nhau v so snh vi mng khng pha TiO2 (mng RO_TFC) cng vi mng thng mi Bng 3.3: Cc loi mngkho st trong phn th nghim v mng TFN K hiu mngT l TMC/MPDNng TiO2 (g/100ml TMC)Loi mng SWHRLE--Thng mi PA1/200TFC PA-P25_0.004%1/200.004TFN PA-P25_0.01%1/200.01TFN PA-P25_0.05%1/200.05TFN PA-P25_0.1%1/200.1TFN PA-P25_0.3%1/200.3TFN Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang41 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM3.3.2 Quy trnh th nghim tng hp mng RO TFC ph PVA : Hnh 3.11: Quy trnh tng hp mng PA ph PVA - Chun b ha cht v mng nhng :Mng TFC t l TMC/MPD ti ul 1/20 c chn nhngPVAcdnlntmking(tngtnhcchdnmngPSFtnghpmng TFC).PVAthng mi (Mw ~ 3100 ) vi nng kho st ring u c khuy trong nc nng 900 cho ti khi dung dch ng nht (khong 1 gi). Acid Malic 20% cha tan vo dd PVA vi khi lng c tnh bi cng thc nh sau : %Atd Malt =K.lng Atd MaltX h.lng phn th 1 m xth PVA ( 44)X2K.lng PVA/ l.K.lng pt Malt ( 118.92) -Quytrnh:MngTFCdnlntmknhcnhngchmtrongdungdchPVAln1trong vng10phtnhitphng.Sauckhtnhinnhitphngtrongvng24 gi. Tip theo mng TFC c ly nhng ln 2 vo dd PVA c nhng trong vng 10 giy v kh t nhin nh ln mt nhng trong vng 12 gi. Cui cng mng TFC ph PVA c em i nhit 1000C trong vng 10 pht trong t sy. Mng sau khi nhit c ngui sau bo qun trong nc v ly ra khi cn chy mu. ytaskhostnngdungdchPVAnhngnngsau:0.05%;0.1%;0.15%; 0.3%; 0.5% trong nc ct. khch quan hn trong so snh, do trong qu trnh iu ch mngTFC-PVA c giai on kt ni mng c em nhit(nung) cho nn a thm loi mng PA i nung cng iu kin so snh. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang42 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMBng 3.4: Cc loi mngkho st trong phn th nghim v mng PVA K hiu mngT l TMC/MPDNng PVA (g/100ml H2O)Loi mng SWHRLE--Thng mi PA1/200TFC PA nung 1/200TFC PVA 0.05%1/200.05TFCPVA PVA 0.1%1/200.1TFCPVA PVA 0.15%1/200.15TFCPVA PVA 0.3%1/200.3TFCPVA PVA 0.5%1/200.5TFCPVA 3.3.3 Quy trnh th nghim tng hp mng RO TFC ph lp PVA_TiO2

Qu trnh chun b ha cht v quy trnh to mng TFC ph PVA _TiO2 hon ton ging vi quy trnh tng hp mng TFC-PVA ngoi tr trong dung dch PVA c pha thm TiO2 theo tng nng kho st. S dng dung dch ph 0.1% PVA to ra dung dch ph PVA-TiO2. Tng t nh bin tnh mngPAbngPVA,trongphnnghincunyssdngnngdungdch0.1%PVA tiptcphacchtnanoTiO2 vodungdchnyviccnngkhostnhsau:1%;3%;5%; 7%; 10% tnh theo 1g PVA. y ch so snh vi mng bin tnh vi mng PA ban u Bng 3.5: Loi mng kho st trong th nghim v mng PVA-TiO2

K hiu mngT l TMC/MPDNng TiO2

(%TiO2 so vi 1g PVA) Loi mng PVA 0.1%1/200RO_TFC PVA PVA-TiO2 1%1/201RO_PVA-TiO2 PVA-TiO2 3%1/203RO_PVA-TiO2 PVA-TiO2 5%1/205RO_PVA-TiO2 PVA-TiO2 7%1/207RO_PVA-TiO2 PVA-TiO2 10%1/2010RO_PVA-TiO2 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang43 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIM3.3.4 Quy trnh chy tc nghn: Hnh 3.12:Quy trnh chy tc nghn - Quy trnh chy tc nghn :+ Lp mng : Ly mng ra t hp bo qun. Ct mng va kch thc quy nh ca cell. X ht nc trong h thng v lp mng vo sit cht bulon. Sau nc vo bn cha nc trong h thng d chun b chy. + Khi ng v tng p : u tin nc ct c cho vo bn cha, cho kh thot ht khi ng dn ti bm sau gn vo ng ng ht ca bm(tuyt i khng my bm chy kh gy va p thy lc lm hng pitton, xupap). Trc khi bt bm m ht cc van v kim tra mt lt tt c cc thit b cn li xem sn sng cha. Sau khi mi th sn sng th bt gin lnh v mykhuytchychonkhinhitnctkhong240C thkhingbm.Bmchy c 10 pht ng vanby passvbt chnh 2vanxanh tng p ln 850psi (Tng p u v chmkhong4phttng50pisbovbmvmng.Trongkhitngpcnch2kim rotameter 2 nhnh phi ngang nhau). + Chy nn mng(compaction): Bn cht mng c cc l xp, khi tng p ln gi tr cao th cc l xp b co li phn no lm cho mng b nn li. Ban u mng b nn khng u, thng lng skhngnnh.tnhtphichy12tingthnglngmngnnh.Nukhostqu trnh nn mng th phi chy 24 gi v o thng lng trong thi gian nn mng nh gi s nn mng lm gim thng lng ( gim t). + o tr lc mng trng : Sau khi chy nn mng, a p v 800psi v lu lng mi nhnh c dng chy ngang (cross flow) nm vch 0.12 GPM. o thng lng ca mng p sut ny. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang44 CHNG 3: M HNH V PHNG PHP TH NGHIMLm tng t vi 700psi, 600psi v 500psi. Ta s c c th gia thng lng v p sut lp ra ng thng chng s gco. chnhl tr lcmng trng camng khi chync ct.+ Chy nc mui tinh khit : Sau khi chy o tr lc mng trng tt my v pha mui tinh khit NaCl vo vi nng 32g/l(tng ng nng mui trong nc bin) khuy trong khong 30 phttanht.Tiptctngp(gingquytrnhtrn)vothnglngvdn(loi mui)800psivminhnhl0.12GPM(mithnghimsaunyuthchin250C, 800psi v 0.12GPM/nhnh so snh). + Chy mui bin : b dung dch chy mui tinh khit. Sau b mui bin sau khi nc lc th qua giy lc bnh lc chn khng (mui th c bn ngoi th trng pha nc cho c cnh bin sng) pha vi nc ct t nng 32g/l. Tng p sau o thng lng v dn cng iu kin nh trn (800psi, 0.12GPM, 250C). +Chytcnghn:Giddmuibintrongbn,ttmyvchonatriAlginateNaC6H7O6vo khuy cho ng nht (khong 60 pht) sau tng p ln 800psi chy 30 ting v mi ting o thng lng mt ln. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang45 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN CHNG 4 :KT QU V BIN LUN 4.1 Mng TFN 4.1.1 Thng s nh gi c tnh mng : Hnh 4.1: th xc nh tr lc mng trng thng qua h s gc quan h tuyn tnh ca p sut v thng lng. Hnh 4.2: th v hng s thm ca nc, ca mui v tr lc mng. y = 0.063x - 4.600y = 0.073x - 9.042y = 0.069x - 9.262y = 0.086x - 11.48y = 0.070x - 11.42202530354045505560300 400 500 600 700 800 900JL/m2.hP(Psi)PA-P25-0.004%PA-P25-0.01%PA-P25-0.05%PA-P25-0.1%PA-P25-0.3%0123456789Apure .10^7m/Bar.sRm .10^-14m-1B .10^9m/s Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang46 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Hnh 4.3: th thng lng khi chy nc, chy mui v loi mui. Vi :Jw: Thng lng khi chy ncJws: Thng lng nc khi chy mui NaCl Xs: loi b mui biu kinA: Hng s thm ca ncB: Hng s thm ca mui Rm : Tr lc mng trng . Hnh 4.4: th nh hng hm lng TiO2 ln gc thm t ca mngPA_P25 9.928 9.928 9.910 9.904 9.870 9.8569.796010203040506070SWHRLE PAPA-P25 0.004%PA-P25 0.01% PA-P25 0.05% PA-P25 0.1% PA-P25 0.3%Jw L/m2.hJwsL/m2.hXs .10%0102030405060SWHRLE PA PA-P25 0.004%PA-P25 0.01%PA-P25 0.05%PA-P25 0.1%PA-P25 0.3%degree Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang47 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Nhn xt :-Thng lng chy nc ct ca cc mng PA-P25 tuy thp hn mng thng mi nhng cao hnhnmng PA (hnh4.3). Thnglngchync cao v anc caol do ccht nano TiO2ln trongmng polyamideht cc phn t ncvo bn trongmng tng a nc ca mng thc y qu trnh thm ca nc qua mng [9,10].-Thnglng nc camng TFN tngln t im cc i ti nng TiO2 0.01% v gim xung khi tip tc tng hm lng TiO2. Ti im ti u ny, loi mui t c l99.1%vthnglngkhong20.9L/m2.h.TuynhinkhitngnngTiO2lnt 0.01-0.3%ththnglngncgimchodtnhanccamngtng(hnh4.3& 4.4).iu ny xy ra l do s hin din ca cc ht nano a nc trong pha hu c hp ph nc trong qu trnh polymer halm tng s tip xc pha gia cc hu c trong lc phn ng polymer ha trn b mt phn chia pha. iu ny s lm tng b rng ca vng phn ngto ra mt lpfilm dyhn[4].Qua lm gim tnh thm camng.Hn na, s gia tng tnh thm khi chymuiv gimbt loib c gii thchbi s tp hp cc ht TiO2 hm lng cao to ra cc khuyt tt trong mng PA_P25 [27]. -loimuicamngPAvmngthngminhnhhnmtchtsovimngPA-P25 do thng lng ca mng PA-P25 kh cao do cu trc mng thay i do cc ht nano TiO2 phn tntronglp PA dn nhng s thmcamui B caloimng ny cao hn v tng dn theo hm lng TiO2.[4,9] 4.1.2 Chy tc nghn : Theo gi tr loi mui hnh 5.3 th cc loi mng PA_P25 0.05%, 0.1% v 0.3 % c loi muibhn99%khngtyucungdngthcttrongvickhmuincbinnns khng em i nghin cu chy tc nghn. Bng4.1:Thnglngu,cuivgimthnglngcamngthngmi,mng TFC v mng PA_P25 0.004 v 0.01%. Loi mng Thng lng u (L/m2.h) Thng lng cui (L/m2.h) gim thng lng (%) SWHRLE20.921.4511.410.7845.45 PA16.951.8410.980.8035.21 PA-P25_0.004%19.590.7012.150.5237.97 PA-P25_0.01%21.451.5812.071.0743.72 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang48 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Hnh 4.5: gim thng lng tng i ca mng thng mi, mng TFC v mng PA_P25 theo thi gian Vi J0: l thng lng ban u khi chy tc nghn c tc nhn tc nghn alginate. J: l thng lng ti thi gian t trong lc chy tc nghn c tc nhn tc nghn alginate. Hnh 4.6: gim thng lng tuyt i ca mng thng mi, mng TFC v mng PA_P25 theo thi gian 0.40.50.60.70.80.91.00 5 10 15 20 25 30PAPA-P250.004%PA-P250.01%SWHRLE8101214161820220 5 10 15 20 25 30Thi gian (h)Flux(L/m2.h)PAPA-P25 0.004%PA-P250.01%SWHRLE Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang49 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Nhn xt :- nh hng ca hm lng TiO2 trong mng PA ln tnh a nc ca b mt mng TFN c nh gi bi gc tip xc camng vi nc tinh khit. Nh trn hnh 4.4 gc tip xc nc ct ca mng PA l cao nht ch ra rng tnh k nc ca lp film polyamide(chavngthmtrnbmtmng).Trongkhimngthngmicho gc tipxc thpnht. Khi tnghmlng TiO2 t 0.004-0.3% th gc tipxcvi nc ca mng gim dn. Gc tip xc gim ch ra rng khi thm TiO2 vo trong cu trcmngPAstora tnhuncchobmtmng[9].Scithincatnhu nc ca mng l do mt s lng ln nhm hydroxyl ca TiO2 trn b mt mng. - st gim thng lng trong lc chy tc nghn vi tc nhn alginate ca mng thng mi, mng PA v mng PA_P25 c th hin trong hnh 4.5 v 4.6. Khi thm alginate vo dng nc lc th nhn thy thng lng ca mng st gim nhanh trong 15giuvhunhkhngisau.Mngthngmichokhnngkhngtc nghnthpnhtsovimngchtotrongphngthnghim.stgimthng lng(%)gimdntmngthngmi,mngPA_P25vmngPA.Ktquny clgiilkhithnglngthmcamngtnglckoccchttcnghnv pha b mt mng [28]. Lc ko do thm thu (permeate drag force) gip thng c nng lng b mt gia cht tc nghn v mng hoc gia cht tc nghn vi cht tc nghnlngngtrnbmtmng[28].Do,thnglngbanucaong ngha vi vic gim thng lng (%) cng cao (bng 4.1). 4.2 Mng TFC ph PVA 4.2.1 Cc thng s v tnh cht nh gi mng TFC-PVA sau khi bin tnh :Bng 4.2: nh hng ca nng PVA ln cht lng mngMng Hm lng PVA (%kl) Thng lng chy nc ct(m/s) loi mui (%) thm (m/s.bar) x 1012 Rm (m-1) x 10-14 SWHRLE016.910.6699.280.15 3.080.093.650.11 PA ban u011.080.9199.280.14 2.050.085.430.21 PA nung07.990.4999.320.07 2.000.015.620.13 PVA 0.05% 0.058.130.0399.050.09 1.660.326.931.21 PVA 0.1% 0.18.481.5099.100.07 1.770.246.440.94 PVA0.15%0.155.710.4399.130.30 1.430.127.870.67 PVA 0.3%0.36.510.2899.180.20 1.450.348.001.72 PVA 0.5%0.57.510.7299.020.14 1.930.265.910.84 Nhn xt : Mng PA c ph PVA bng cch nhng sau em i x l nhit bng cch nung trong t nung 1000C. Trong qu trnh ny hnh thnh lp mng PVA kt tinh trn nn mng PA ban u. Ccnhm Hydroxyl c gn ktbiacidmalicnh phn ng esterha gianhm Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang50 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN chc -COOH ca acid malic vi nhm chc -OH ca PVA to ra cc cu ni ester, cc lin kt ny trong vng cu trc lm cho cu trc PVA cht hn cho nn lm lm gim thng lng nc chy qua mng. iu ny s lm gim tnh linh ng v th tch t do ca mng[16]. Cng chnh v vy, ha tan nc vo trong mng suy yu do kh nng khuch tn nc vo mng ( l yu tkhngchthnglngncquamng)gim.Ccnguynnhntrndntithnglng mng gim. Trong khi , cc nhm Hydroxyl t do cn lica PVA cng nh nhm Hydroxyl thm vo bi acid malic vn th hin tnh u nc rt cao. Nng PVA trong dung dch ph nm trong khong 0.05-0.1% kl thlm cho thnglngnc tng so vimng PAnung cng iu kin. Vi nng ny c th lm cho kh nng thm ca mng tng trong khi tr lc lp ph khng qu ln. Ngc li, khi nng PVA > 0.1%kl th cho d tnh thm tng nhng tr lc lp mng PVA li ln dn n thng lng thp. DophPVAtrnnnPAnnloimuicaccloimngsaukhibintnhthayi khngng k. 4.2.2Tnh u nc ca mng ph PVA : Tnhanccphnquytnhtitnhthmcamngcngnhkhnngchngtcnghn ca mng. Thng s c trng cho kh nng u nc ca mng l gc thm t ca mng. T gc thm t c th nh tnh a nc ca mng v cng c th tnh c nng lng d b mt camng.Gcthmtnc(purewatercontactangles)trongticgimuoti DSA10, Kruss.

Hnh 4.7 : th biu din gc thm t ca mng PVA Nhnxt:Trnhnh4.7chotathymngPAnungcgctipxccaonht(47.69o7.70o) tng ng vi tnh a nc thp nht. Gc thm t gim dn khi nng PVA trong dung dch nhng tngln. anc camng PVA tngln theo hmlng PVA cl giibi s -55152535455565SWHRLE PAPA nung PVA 0.05%PVA 0.1% PVA 0.15%PVA 0.3% PVA 0.5%Degree () Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang51 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN tng cng ngy cng nhiu nhm hydroxyl trn b mt mng[15]. Tnh a nc ca mng PA nung gim so vi mng PA ban u c gii thch l do trong qutrnhnung100oCththcyqutrnhnimngvskhnccaccaminv carboxylic cn li trn b mt mng. Hu qu l s lng cc nhm carboxylic c tnh a nc trong polyamide gim xung.4.2.3Kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng PA sau khi ph PVA(TFC_PVA): Bng4.3:ThnglngvgimthnglngcamngPAphPVAkhichytc nghn.Loi mng Hm lng PVA(wt%) Thng lng ban u(m/s) Thng lng cui (m/s) gim thng lng (%) SWHRLE-5.810.403.170.2245.45 PA 04.710.513.050.2235.21 PA nung03.630.082.580.0628.76 PVA 0.05%0.053.660.112.850.1422.03 PVA 0.1%0.13.790.562.970.4221.78 PVA 0.15%0.153.040.722.440.5419.50 PVA 0.3%0.33.060.312.560.2516.40 PVA 0.5%0.52.910.252.480.2114.69 Hnh 4.8: thnh hng ca nng PVA trong dung dch nhng mng ln gim thng lng tng i trong qu trnh th nghim chy tc nghn vi tc nhn gy tc nghn Alginate. 0.500.600.700.800.901.000 5 10 15 20 25 30Times (h)J/JoPASWHRLEPVA-0.5%PVA-1%PVA-1.5%PVA-3%PVA-5%PA-nung Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang52 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Hnh 4.9: th biu din gim thng lng theo thi gian ca mng PVA Nhnxt : Theo s liubng 4.3 ta thy tuy thnglngban u camng thngmilln nht sau n mng PA v PA nung v gim dn theo tng ca nng PVA ph ln mng, nhng gim tng i (]u-]cui]u . 100%)gia thng lng cui v u ca mng thng mi v mng PA li rt ln(45%,35% tng ng). iu ny cho thy mng thng mi c chng tcnghnrtkm.TrongkhiccloimngphbiPVAstgimthnglnguv cui ch di 22%;nng PVA ph cng ln gimcng t. Tnh cht chng tc nghn c th hin r trong hnh 4.9, khi nhn vo th ta thy dc ca mng thng mi ln nht ti mng PA v mng PA nung. Cc mng c ph PVA dc t v i ngang rt sm cho thy s n nh thng lng sm v duy tr lu di( th hin qua th i ngang). iu ny l do alginate rt kh bm ln b mt mng v nhanh n trng thi cn bng (lng cht tc nghn bm ln b mt bng lng cht tc nghn ra khi b mt). T sliubiu din trong th 4.8 v 4.9 cho thy sci thin tnh cht chng tcnghn ca mng c ph PVA l do tnh cht a nc ca mng PVA trn b mt mng. S gia tng tnhkhngtcnghntlthunvinngPVAtrongdungdchnhngdostngtnha nc ca b mt mng. Khi tnh a nc ca b mt mng tng s c mt s hp ph cnh tranh gia nc v cc cht gy tc nghn ln b mt mng. i vi cc mng a nc, hp ph nc chc chn d dng v chim u th hn v do d dng loi b tc nhn gy tc nghn Alginate [14]. 0.3000.4000.5000.6000.7000.8000.9000 5 10 15 20 25 30g/phTimes (h)PASWHRLEPVA-0.05PVA-0.1PVA-0.15PVA-0.3PVA-0.5PA-nung Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang53 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN 4.3Mng TFC ph PVA-TiO2 4.3.1 Cc thng s v tnh cht nh gi mng PVA-TiO2 Bng 4.4: nh hng ca nng TiO2 ln tnh cht v nng sut ca mng PVA-TiO2 Loi mngHm lng TiO2 (%kl) Thng lng nc (m/s) loimui (%) Hng s thm (m/s.bar) x 1012 Rm (m-1) x 10-14 PA07.990.4999.320.07 2.050.085.430.21 PVA 0.1% 08.481.5099.100.07 1.770.246.440.94 PVA-TiO2 1% 16.430.5399.150.06 1.620.076.960.31 PVA-TiO2 3% 36.610.5999.060.13 1.710.216.660.75 PVA-TiO2 5% 55.820.2999.020.11 1.580.037.110.16 PVA-TiO2 7% 76.250.2398.910.10 1.820.156.220.48 PVA-TiO2 10% 109.590.8198.880.09 2.660.264.260.45 Hnh 4.10: th gc thm t ca mng PVA-TiO2 Nhnxt:nhhngcahmlngTiO2lnctnhmngcthhintrongbng4.4. ThnglngncquanstccaccmngPVA-TiO2bgimxungtngngvihm lng TiO2 tng t 1-7%kl. Mc d c mt s ln nhm hydroxyl trn b mt mng lm tng tnh a nc ca mng PVA-TiO2 tuy nhin s gia tng hm lng ca n trn b mt mng lm cho thng lng nc gim th hin trong bng 4.4. Kt qu ny c th c gii thch bng thc t rng chnh ht TiO2 (khong 30nm) v s vn li ca chng (khong 1 m) l kh nh v 01020304050PVA 0.1% PVA-TiO2 1% PVA-TiO2 3% PVA-TiO2 5% PVA-TiO2 7% PVA-TiO2 10%Degree () Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang54 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN d dng phn tn v b gi li trong mng PVA trn b mt mng. Dung dch ph mng vi 7% kl TiO2 vn khng n c th hin din trn b mt mng. Nh theo kt qu v so sng anccamngPVA-TiO21%,PVA-TiO23%,PVA-TiO25%vPVA-TiO27%thhin trong th 4.10. Trong khi , ht TiO2 trongmng PVA s thhin gingnhmt cht n lmchoccdymngPVAkhthnvdogimtnhlinhng[16].iunyslmcho thng lng nc qua mng b gim so vi mng PVA 0.1% dng i chiu. Nh d kin cho thybng4.4,hmlngTiO2t1-7%kltrongddPVAphlnbmtmngdngnh khng ln nh hng ng k ln tnh cht cu trc mng PVA-TiO2. Tuy nhin, khi hm lngcanlnti10%klthmngPVAkhngkhnngbaobctonbhtTiO2.Do vy,mtslnglnhtTiO2(cchaccnhmhydroxyl)xuthintrnbmtmnglm tng r rt tnh a nc ca mng (khong 34.8%). Ngoi ra, s hnh thnh cc khuyt tt to ra bicchtTiO2vnlicngnhhnglnsthayicutrccashnhthnhlinkt ngang (crosslinked) ca lp mng PVA trn b mt mng PA[4]. S ci tin tnh a nc cng nhhnh thnhcc khuyt tt lnbmtmng c th c cholnguynnhn dn n thng lng thm nc tng ln theo d liu trong bng 4.4.4.3.2 Kh nng chng tc nghn ca mng PVA-TiO2

Qu trnh chy tc nghn vi tc nhn alginate hon ton tng t qu trnh chy tc nghn cc loimngtrn.thyr ththayichythmmtmumngPVA0.1%sosnh.Mi loi mng c chy t nht 3 mu mng ly gi tr trung bnh v sai s. Bng 4.5: Thng lng u v cui trongkhi chy tc nghn tc nhn alginate ca mngPVA-TiO2 Loi mng Hm lng TiO2 so vi 1g PVA(wt%) Thng lng ban u(m/s) Thng lng cui (m/s) gim thng lng (%) PVA 0.1%03.810.582.970.4122.09 PVA-TiO2 1% 12.970.272.440.2318.08 PVA-TiO2 3% 33.090.182.550.1817.34 PVA-TiO2 5% 52.720.272.440.1510.52 PVA-TiO2 7% 72.500.032.110.0715.32 PVA-TiO210% 103.970.313.280.1517.35 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang55 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Hnh 4.11: th gim thng lng tng i so vi ban u ca mng PVA-TiO2 trong qu trnh chy tc nghn. Hnh 4.12 : th gim thng lng theo thi gian ca mng PVA-TiO2 0.7500.8000.8500.9000.9501.0000 5 10 15 20 25 30Times (h)% FluxPVA-Ti O2-1%PVA-Ti O2-3%PVA-Ti O2-5%PVA-Ti O2-7%PVA-Ti O2-10%PVA 0.1%0.250.300.350.400.450.500.550.600 5 10 15 20 25 30Flux(g/min)PVA-Ti O2-1%PVA-Ti O2-3%PVA-Ti O2-5%PVA-Ti O2-7%PVA-Ti O2-10%PVA 0.1% Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang56 CHNG 4: KT QU V BN LUN Nhnxt:Tsliutacthnirngthnglngthmcamngnhhnglnlc tngtcgiatcnhntcnghnivibmtmng.Thnglngmngtngdnntng lc ht ca tc nhn tc nghn hng vo b mt mng. Do , lc do thm thu (permeate drag force)gipthngclcquntnhcadngchynganglnchttcnghn.Lcnycng thnglc y cabmtmngln cht tc nghnhoc gia cht tc nghn kt ta ln cht tc nghn lm cho cht tc nghn trong dng chy ngang bm ln b mt mng. iu ny lm gia tnglnglnchtktta[17].Vvy,thnglngbanucaohn(chynchaychy mui) th s gim nhanh hn sau khi chy tc nghn. TnhchtkhngtcnghncamngPVA-TiO2ctngcngkhisosnhvi mng PVA bi v chng c b sung nhm hydroxyl cho lp mng PVA t TiO2 thm vo. S hin din ca cc nhm hydroxyl lm cho tnh a nc cao. C kh nng to ra mt lp nc trn b mt mng v lm gim kh nng tip xc vi mng ca cht tc nghn. T hin tng tc nghn gim[9,21]. T bng 4.5, th 4.11 v 4.12 ch ra rng tng a nc th kh nng khng tc nghn camngccithin.TtcccmngchothyloimuiNaClcaohn.Trongscc mng PVA-TiO2 nghin cu, vinng dung dchnhng ca PVAv TiO2 tng ngl 1% v 5% cho thy thng lng thm ban u thp v c gim thng lng khi kt thc chy tc nghnlthpnht.Trongkhi,mngthngmiSWRLEcthnglngthmcaonht nhng li c tnh chng tc nghn thp nht. Kt qu ny cho thy s tng quan gia lc tng tc, thng lng thm ban u vi hin tng tc nghn. Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang57 CHNG 5: KT LUN CHNG 5:KT LUN5.1 Kt lun: 5.1.1 V mng PA_P25 ShindinTiO2tronglpmngPAqutrnhtomnglmchomngPA_P25c thng lng thm tng ln so vi mng TFC do ci thin tnh a nc t c ca loi mngny.HmlngTiO2trongdungdchHexan_TMCtiul0.01%choloi mui tt (99.1%) v thng lng khong 20.9L/m2h. Cao hn hm lng ti u ny lm tngbdymngvtoracckhuytttmng.Ccmngchtotrongphngth nghim cho tnh cht khng tc nghn tt hn mng thng mi. 5.1.2 V mng PA ph PVA Mng c ph PVA c cu trc thay i dn n thng lng chy qua mng b gim so vi mng PA ban u. Trong qu trnh nung mng lm cho lp polysulfone co li, ngoi ra cu trctrong lp polyamide dy kht hn v km linh ng hn do phn ng kh nc ca gia cc nhm amin v nhm acid carboxylic d lm cho mng PA nung km u nc hn mng PA ban u. thm ca mng c lin h cht ch vi tnh a nc ca mng do lp ph PVA to ra. Vinng thchhp(0.05-0.1%) th thnglngnc thm quamng PVA c th cao hn mng PA nung. Tuy nhin, khi nhng mng bi PVA thng lng mng b gim so vi mng PA ban u. TnhchtkhngtcnghnmngphPVActhhinrtrkhictcnhngytc nghn alginate. Tnh khng tc nghn c lin quan ti kh nng thm t ca mng v t l thun vi nng PVA trong dung dch ph mng. Mng PVA 0.1%c cc c tnh kt hp v thng lng, khng tc nghn, loi mui tt hn cc mng PVA cn li nn c s dng cho nghin cu mng PA ph PVA/TiO2. 5.1.3 V mng PA ph PVA Hm lng TiO2 t 1-7% trong dung dch nhng b nht trong cu trc mng gn nh hon ton nnlm cu trcmng khthnlm thnglngmngb gimsovimng PVA 0.1%. Tuy nhin khi nng ca n ln ti 10% th cu trc lp PVA khng cha htlngTiO2lmnxuthintrnbmttoratnhancrtlnnhnhm hydroxyl. Mt khc, mt s cc ht TiO2 kt hp li lm hnh thnh cc khuyt tt mng cng nh hng ln cu trc mng lm cho mng c thng lng tng ln r rt. Ccmng c thnglngban u thp th gim thnglngt trong qu trnh chy tc nghn v ngc li. iu ny chng t lc ko do thm thu (permeate drag force ) cng l mt nhn t quan trng nh hng n yu t tng tc gia b mt mng v tc nhngytcnghnhocgiatcnhngytcnghntrongdungdchvtrnbmt mng. Lc ko nyln s thng lc y gia tc nhn tc nghn vi b mt mng (hoc gia tc nhn gy tc nghn trong dung dchv trnbmtmng) vht cc cht gy Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang58 CHNG 5: KT LUN tc nghn bm ln b mt mng. Tnh a nc cao do s hin din ca nhm hydroxyl trn b mt mng lm cho kh nng lin lc gia b mt mng v alginate yu i cho nn lm gim tc nghn. Kh nng lin lc b gim st l do alginate c tnh k nc, cho nn khi mng c bin tnh thnh a nc nhiu hn th khng c alginate bm ln mng. 5.2 Cc kt qu t c ca ti lun vn: 1) ANTIFOULING PROPERTIES OF POLYVINYL ALCOHOL TiO2THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE MEMBRANE FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION Le Hai Tran(1), Vu Tai Lai(2), Van Lam Tran(2), Mai Thanh Phong(2), The-Vinh Nguyen(3)* 18th Regional Symposium on Chemical Engineering (RSCE2011) Innovation and Sustainability for a Rapidly Changing World 27th 28th October 2011, Ho Chi Minh City, Vietnam 2) STUDY ON POLYAMIDE-TiO2-BASED THIN FILM NANOCOMPOSITE (TFN) MEMBRANE FOR SEAWATER DESALINATION Le Hai Tran 1, Vu Tai Lai 2, Van Lam Tran 2, Huu Thao Vo 1 and The-Vinh Nguyen 3* The 3rd International Workshop on Nanotechnology and ApplicationIWNA 2011Vung Tau, Vietnam from November 10th to November 12th, 2011 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang59 TI LIU THAM KHO 1.http://maps.grida.no/go/graphic/a-world-of-salt 2.Many authors (1996). Water Treatment Membrane Process. McGraw-Hill Company 3.Richard W.Baker (2004). Membrane Technology and Application. Jonh Wiley & Sons .Ltd 4.MaryLauraLind,etal(2010).TailoringtheStructureofThinFilmNanocomposite MembranestoAchieveSeawaterROMembraneperformance.EnvironmentalScience& Technology, 44, 8230-8235. 5.XueJinetal(2009).Effectsoffeedwatertemperatureonseparationperformanceand organic fouling of brackish water RO membrane. ScienceDirect, 239, 346-359. 6.Elimelech M, Wiesner M. R.(2007). Membrane Separations in Aquatic Systems. University of California, Los Angeles. 7.Fulin Wang, Volodymyr V.Tarabara (2007). Coupled effects of colloidal deposition and salt concentrationpolarizationonROmembraneperformance.JounrnalofMembraneScience, 293, 111-123. 8.Chuyang Y.Tang, T.H. Chong, Anthony G.Fane (2010). Colloidal interaction and fouling of NF and RO membrane: A review. Advances in Colloid and Interface Science. 9.A.Rahimpouretal(2008).CouplingTiO2nanoparticleswithUVirradiationfor modification of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranes. Jounrnal of Membrane Science, 313, 158-169. 10. A.Rahimpouretal(2011).TiO2entrapppednano-compositePVDF/SPESmembrane: Preparation,characterization,antifloulingandantibacterialproperties.Desalination,278, 343-535. 11. SungyunLeeetal(2007).Naturalorganicmatterfloulingduetofoulant-membrane physicochemical interaction. Desalination, 202, 377-384. 12. A.W.Zularisametal(2007),Theeffectsofnaturalorganicmatter(NOM)fractionson foulingcharacteristicsandfluxrecoveryofultrafiltrationmembranes,Desalination212, 191208. 13. HiroshiYamamura,KatsukiKimura,YoshimasaWatanabe(2007).Mechanisminvolvein theevolutionofphysicallyirreversiblefoulinginmicrofiltrationandultrafiltrationmembranes used for drinking water treatment. Environ. Sci. Technol, 41, 67896794. 14. XueJin,XiaofeoHuangandEricM.V.Hoek(2009).RoleofSpecificIonInteractionsin Seawater RO Membrane Flouling by Alginic Acid. Environ. Sci. Technol. ,43 , 3580-3587. 15. XialeMa et al (2007). Enhancing the antifoulingpropery of polyethersulfone ultrafiltration membranesthroughsurfaceabsorption-crosslinkingofpoly(vinylalcohol).Jounrnalof Membrane Science, 300, 71-78. 16. FubingPeng,ZhongyiJiang,EricM.V.Hoek(2011).Tuningthemolecularstructure, separationperformanceandinterfacialpropertiesofpoly(vinylalcohol)polysulfone interfacial composite membranes. Jounrnal of Membrane Science, 368, 26-33. 17. ChuyangY.Tang,Young-NamKwon,JamesO.Leckie(2007).Foulingofreverseosmosis andnanoltrationmembranesbyhumicacidEffectsofsolutioncompositionand Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang60 hydrodynamic conditions. Jounrnal of Membrane Science, 290, 86-94. 18. J.M.Gohil,P.Ray(2009).Polyvinylalcoholasthebarrierlayerinthinfilmcomposite nanofiltrationmembranes:Preparation,characterization,andperformanceevaluation. Journal of colloid and Interface Science, 338, 121-127. 19. Jian-Hua Li et al (2009). Fabrication and characterization of a novel TiO2 nanoparticle self-assemblymembranewithimprovedfoulingresistance.JournalofMembraneScience,326, 659-666. 20. HyunSooLee(2008).Polyamidethin-filmnanofiltrationmembranescontainingTiO2 nanoparticles, Journal of Desalination, 219,48-56. 21. S.S.MadaeniandN.Ghaemi(2007).Characterizationofself-cleaningROmembranes coatedwithTiO2particlesunderUVirradiation.JournalofMembraneScience,303,221-233. 22. V.Kochkodanetal(2008).Adhesionofmicroorganismtopolymermembranes:a photobactericidal effect of surface treatment with TiO2. Journal of Desalination,220, 380-385. 23. LifenLiu,LuXiao,FenglinYang(2009).Terylenemembranemodicationwith Polyrotaxanes,TiO2andPolyvinylalcoholforbetterantifoulingandadsorptionproperty. Journal of Membrane Science, 333, 110-117. 24. BrianBoltoetal(2009).Crosslinkedpoly(vinylalcohol)membranes.ProgressinPolymer Science, 34, 969981. 25. RahulA.Damodar,Sheng-JieYou,Hui-HsiangChou(2009).Studytheselfcleaning, antibacterial and photocatalytic properties of TiO2 entrapped PVDFmembranes,Journal of Hazardous Materials, 172, 13211328. 26. O.Carp,C.L.Huismanb,A.Reller(2004).Photoinducedreactivityoftitaniumdioxide. Progress in Solid State Chemistry, 32, 33177. 27. H.S.Lee,S.J.Im,J.H.Kim(2009).Polyamidethin-filmnanofiltrationmembranes containing TiO2 nanoparticles. Desalination, 219, 48-56. 28. JeongB.Hetal(2009).Interfacialpolumerizationofthinfilmnanocomposites:Anew concept for reverse osmosis membrane. Journal of Membrane Science, 294, 1-7. 29. http://www.en.Wikipedia.org 30. Type Properties of Polysulfone, http://www.polymerprocessing.com 31. Membrane Products Summary, http://www.sepro.com Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang61 PH LC AMng TFNS liu v c tnh mng PA-P25 0.004% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 146.5616.7599.182.34E-074.79E+1499.982.09E-092.241.68E-09 253.8921.5298.913.23E-073.47E+1499.991.73E-093.342.31E-09 360.7521.9398.933.58E-073.14E+1499.991.08E-093.461.35E-09 449.3725.3599.442.89E-073.89E+1499.991.19E-094.642.83E-09 544.7120.8399.152.60E-074.33E+1499.982.43E-093.163.58E-09 646.9420.6998.942.81E-074.00E+1499.982.64E-093.123.63E-09 745.1520.0099.302.46E-074.57E+1499.981.95E-092.952.55E-09 847.9619.0498.952.46E-074.57E+1499.982.45E-092.712.64E-09 TB49.4220.7699.102.80E-074.10E+1499.991.95E-093.212.57E-09 Sai s5.4122.4670.1994.27E-085.77E+135.16E-035.82E-100.6968.08E-10 PA-P25 0.01% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 154.9120.0399.153.00E-073.75E+1499.991.26E-092.961.36E-09 262.0425.3298.933.98E-072.83E+1499.999.90E-104.611.86E-09 349.3721.1998.953.15E-073.57E+1499.982.25E-093.253.14E-09 461.8823.5698.853.94E-072.85E+1499.991.07E-093.971.62E-09 546.2017.2598932.71E-074.15E+1499.982.80E-092.332.44E-09 660.6122.5699.313.50E-073.21E+14100.07.00E-103.679.55E-10 744.5216.6199.132.70E-074.16E+1499.982.51E-092.222.08E-09 TB54.2220.9399.043.28E-073.50E+1499.991.66E-093.291.92E-09 Sai s7.5613.2120.1645.38E-085.61E+137.44E-038.42E-100.877.22E-10 PA-P25 0.05% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 145.9519.9599.272.78E-074.04E+1499.981.94E-092.942.48E-09 254.9920.3998.993.44E-073.26E+1499.991.50E-093.041.69E-09 347.9419.2099.012.70E-074.17E+1499.982.33E-092.752.57E-09 445.1018.6098.522.64E-074.26E+1499.974.17E-092.614.48E-09 565.0724.7998.393.85E-072.92E+1499.991.21E-094.392.03E-09 651.2420.8898.653.07E-073.66E+1499.982.56E-093.163.30E-09 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang62 748.1318.6599.082.85E-073.94E+1499.982.12E-092.632.16E-09 844.0218.8498.282.64E-074.26E+1499.965.19E-092.665.89E-09 952.2921.0898.843.26E-073.44E+1499.992.05E-093.222.66E-09 1050.7519.7897.963.09E-073.64E+1499.974.03E-092.874.50E-09 TB50.5520.2298.703.03E-073.76E+1499.982.71E-093.033.18E-09 Sai s6.1491.8390.4113.96E-084.54E+130.0111.30E-090.531.36E-09 PA-P25 0.1% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 158.3024.3899.223.45E-073.26E+1499.999.22E-104.271.65E-09 244.9318.6898.872.85E-073.95E+1499.973.20E-092.633.50E-09 356.5622.3297.963.70E-073.04E+1499.982.75E-093.553.85E-09 449.1519.3499.143.15E-073.57E+1499.991.87E-092.792.05E-09 550.3320.3396.913.29E-073.42E+1499.956.35E-092.987.63E-09 642.0718.9098.692.36E-074.76E+1499.964.42E-092.685.32E-09 737.2717.1698.992.20E-075.10E+1499.964.55E-092.324.85E-09 839.0715.2198.702.36E-074.77E+1499.955.28E-091.964.03E-09 TB47.2119.5498.562.92E-073.98E+1499.973.67E-092.904.11E-09 Sai s7.7502.8630.775.63E-087.91E+130.0161.81E-090.721.90E-09 PA-P25 0.3% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1 L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 144.3819.0997.403.11E-073.62E+1499.947.74E-092.698.96E-09 246.7821.0898.173.02E-073.72E+1499.964.64E-093.206.70E-09 343.5621.2797.292.61E-074.30E+1499.938.50E-093.231.34E-08 447.3622.2698.992.76E-074.07E+1499.982.46E-093.564.12E-09 TB45.5220.9297.962.87E-073.93E+1499.955.84E-093.178.29E-09 Sai s1.8361.3270.7882.29E-083.17E+130.0242.80E-090.363.94E-09 JwJwsXsApure . 10^7Rm .10^-14 L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1%m/Bar.sm-1 PA-P25 0.004%49.417 5.41220.762 2.46799.10 0.192.796 0.4274.095 0.577 PA-P25 0.01%54.218 7.56120.930 3.21299.03 0.163.281 0.5383.502 0.561 PA-P2550.548 6.14920.216 1.83998.70 0.413.032 0.3963.759 0.454 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang63 0.05% PA-P25 0.1%47.210 7.75019.540 2.86398.56 0.772.918 0.5633.983 0.791 PA-P25 0.3%45.519 1.83620.924 1.32797.96 0.792.874 0.2293.929 0.317 S liu chy tc nghn: Loi mng PAPA-P25-0.004%PA-P25-0.01%SWHRLE Thi gian (h) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) 016.951.8419.590.7021.451.5820.921.44 115.711.2618.330.5719.931.6917.640.96 214.631.1717.140.8218.651.5716.110.76 314.050.8415.950.4717.231.2315.061.02 413.530.7315.500.2416.681.0714.670.83 513.090.8915.140.5515.621.0514.000.97 612.750.9514.680.9015.291.2213.781.09 712.570.8814.490.8014.941.1313.121.34 812.360.9914.120.6614.551.0412.811.14 912.160.9613.980.5714.490.9512.751.19 1012.010.8713.760.4314.220.6612.721.37 1211.850.9113.520.6914.140.9912.241.46 1411.620.8913.290.5613.801.0011.951.23 1611.380.7313.000.5113.461.0711.711.36 1811.170.6712.830.5113.151.3011.571.21 2011.070.6912.630.5113.081.3311.451.25 2211.090.6712.630.5413.051.3311.371.26 2410.990.8212.620.4913.051.3311.541.26 2610.980.8012.640.4913.031.3311.411.25 2810.980.8012.610.5113.051.3311.411.25 3010.980.8012.620.5313.031.3311.410.78 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang64 PH LC B Mng ph PVA S liu v c tnh mng PVA 0.05% SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1 % m/bar.s m-1%m/smol/lm/s 1 29.3112.5999.152.0E-125.62E+1499.712.40E-089.22E-029.49E-10 2 29.1512.0799.012.0E-125.62E+1499.642.92E-088.81E-021.06E-09 3 29.3110.5598.992.0E-125.62E+1499.583.39E-087.76E-029.44E-10 TB 29.2611.7499.052.0E-125.62E+1499.642.91E-088.60E-029.85E-10 Sai s() 0.101.060.090.0E+000.00E+000.064.96E-097.55E-036.66E-11 PVA 0.1% 1 36.2815.1599.173.0E-123.75E+1499.772.34E-081.14E-011.12E-09 2 29.7812.1899.102.0E-125.62E+1499.682.69E-088.90E-029.76E-10 3 25.549.8499.022.0E-125.62E+1499.573.06E-087.31E-028.56E-10 TB 30.5312.3999.102.3E-124.99E+1499.672.70E-089.22E-029.83E-10 Sai s() 5.412.660.075.8E-131.08E+140.103.56E-092.09E-021.31E-10 PVA 0.15% 1 18.799.0699.472.0E-125.62E+1499.751.29E-086.86E-024.28E-10 2 21.217.9999.022.0E-125.62E+1499.502.98E-086.26E-026.98E-10 3 21.658.2698.912.0E-125.62E+1499.453.30E-086.40E-028.02E-10 TB 20.558.4499.132.0E-125.62E+1499.572.53E-086.51E-026.43E-10 Sai s() 1.540.560.300.0E+000.00E+000.161.08E-083.18E-031.93E-10 PVA 0.3% 1 22.4810.9699.302.0E-125.62E+1499.721.74E-088.05E-026.83E-10 2 23.337.4999.302.0E-125.62E+1499.632.43E-086.01E-024.67E-10 3 24.498.2498.952.0E-125.62E+1499.473.62E-086.38E-027.72E-10 TB 23.448.9099.182.0E-125.62E+1499.612.60E-086.81E-026.41E-10 Sai s() 1.011.830.200.0E+000.00E+000.139.47E-091.09E-021.57E-10 PVA 0.5% 1 28.8410.5598.882.0E-125.62E+1499.543.72E-087.75E-021.05E-09 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang65 2 24.059.3199.162.0E-125.62E+1499.612.59E-087.00E-026.99E-10 3 28.2110.3699.022.0E-125.62E+1499.593.25E-087.63E-029.06E-10 TB 27.0410.0799.022.0E-125.62E+1499.583.19E-087.46E-028.85E-10 Sai s() 2.600.670.140.0E+000.00E+000.045.68E-094.07E-031.77E-10 S liu chy tc nghn mng ph PVA: Loi mng PAPA nungSWHRLEPVA 0.05% Thi gian (h) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s( ) 017.094.4013.170.2921.101.5613.272.51 115.841.9511.450.3217.791.0812.671.79 215.001.5210.920.0716.250.2112.001.81 314.410.8810.690.2715.190.5811.731.83 413.880.7410.590.2114.800.3911.571.45 513.430.8610.450.2214.120.6811.351.12 613.070.8310.200.2613.900.6711.161.00 712.890.7610.170.2413.230.5911.010.93 812.670.9710.000.3612.910.4710.970.93 912.470.889.890.2812.850.4310.860.97 1012.320.739.810.2712.830.6010.750.94 1212.160.849.770.2412.187.0211.866.30 1411.920.699.730.2112.340.6110.640.78 1611.670.689.660.1411.626.5811.286.09 1811.450.589.620.1112.050.3310.610.80 2011.170.499.490.1811.210.6411.420.78 2211.180.489.380.2111.810.7510.540.74 2411.080.629.380.2111.670.6910.440.73 2611.070.629.380.2111.540.6310.360.73 2811.070.629.380.2111.470.5210.340.73 3011.070.629.380.2111.630.8010.340.73 Loi mng PVA 0.1%PVA 0.15%PVA 0.3%PVA 0.5% Thi gian (h) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s( ) 013.791.8011.042.6011.121.1210.550.32 113.091.9810.482.6210.450.9010.230.34 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang66 212.481.6910.162.4810.250.929.940.45 312.101.769.692.4510.100.929.760.42 412.061.749.692.4510.040.929.630.42 511.891.619.532.329.920.879.510.46 611.811.639.452.229.830.879.420.45 711.531.459.442.239.740.889.360.45 811.401.449.422.259.690.889.280.53 911.291.399.382.289.670.899.240.50 1011.061.239.312.289.620.879.210.47 1211.195.989.232.299.550.909.170.49 1411.021.219.162.169.530.899.130.47 1611.195.979.072.119.440.909.070.45 1811.021.228.962.069.380.899.010.38 2011.001.268.881.979.310.898.990.41 2210.961.248.881.979.310.898.990.41 2410.921.248.881.979.310.898.990.41 2610.781.248.881.979.310.898.990.41 2810.781.248.881.979.310.898.990.41 3010.781.248.881.979.310.898.990.41 PH LC C Mng ph PVA-TiO2

PA nung SttJwJwsXsApureRmRsBCmJs L.m-2.h-1L.m-2.h-1%m/bar.sm-1%m/sg/lm/s 127.8510.4199.092.00E-125.62E+1499.622.95E-087.67E-028.43E-10 230.3311.6098.992.00E-125.62E+1499.623.23E-088.47E-021.04E-09 328.109.6498.952.00E-125.62E+1499.533.66E-087.19E-028.99E-10 TB28.7610.5599.012.00E-125.62E+1499.593.28E-087.78E-029.29E-10 Sai s() 1.370.990.070.00E+000.00E+000.053.59E-096.50E-031.04E-10 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang67 PVA-TiO2 1% 121.217.8299.242.00E-125.62E+1499.612.34E-086.18E-025.30E-10 221.858.3899.102.00E-125.62E+1499.552.73E-086.46E-026.72E-10 324.5711.2199.122.00E-125.62E+1499.662.36E-088.21E-028.79E-10 TB22.549.1499.152.00E-125.62E+1499.602.47E-086.95E-026.94E-10 Sai s() 1.791.820.080.00E+000.00E+000.052.20E-091.10E-021.76E-10 PVA-TiO23% 121.217.8299.242.00E-125.62E+1499.612.34E-086.18E-025.30E-10 225.7910.4198.972.00E-125.62E+1499.573.08E-087.67E-029.49E-10 325.9510.5599.092.00E-125.62E+1499.622.73E-087.76E-028.57E-10 TB24.329.6099.102.00E-125.62E+1499.602.71E-087.20E-027.79E-10 Sai s() 2.691.540.130.00E+000.00E+000.033.72E-098.90E-032.20E-10 PVA-TiO2 5% 120.418.4398.902.00E-125.62E+1499.463.11E-086.49E-028.27E-10 220.758.9398.942.00E-125.62E+1499.502.91E-086.76E-028.44E-10 319.647.0099.042.00E-125.62E+1499.472.93E-085.76E-025.98E-10 TB20.278.1298.962.00E-125.62E+1499.472.98E-086.34E-027.56E-10 Sai s() 0.571.000.070.00E+000.00E+000.021.06E-095.21E-031.38E-10 PVA-TiO2 7% 121.389.0198.862.00E-125.62E+1499.473.19E-086.81E-029.10E-10 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang68 223.429.8498.832.00E-125.62E+1499.493.36E-087.30E-021.02E-09 322.599.4599.062.00E-125.62E+1499.582.68E-087.07E-027.89E-10 TB22.469.4398.922.00E-125.62E+1499.513.07E-087.06E-029.08E-10 Sai s() 1.030.410.120.00E+000.00E+000.063.53E-092.45E-031.17E-10 PVA-TiO2 10% 136.8913.0998.893.00E-123.75E+1499.633.81E-089.60E-021.29E-09 236.2613.7798.873.00E-123.75E+1499.643.60E-081.02E-011.39E-09 330.4412.7398.873.00E-123.75E+1499.613.29E-089.31E-021.28E-09 TB34.5313.2098.883.00E-123.75E+1499.633.57E-089.69E-021.32E-09 Sai s() 3.550.530.014.95E-280.00E+000.022.62E-094.37E-036.03E-11 S liu chy tc nghn mng ph PVA/TiO2: Loi mng PVA-TiO2 1%PVA-TiO2 3%PVA-TiO2 5%PVA-TiO2 7% PVA-TiO2 10% Thi gian (h) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s ( ) Thng Lng (L.m-2.h-1) Sai s( ) Thng Lng(L.m-2.h-1) Sai s( ) 010.790.9011.220.649.890.999.252.5014.411.11 110.080.9210.580.749.670.958.492.7613.951.07 29.790.8510.160.669.500.928.262.6013.661.00 39.600.889.870.639.390.928.152.4913.310.86 49.480.909.750.659.320.868.052.4412.900.66 59.410.879.610.619.230.807.972.1612.640.69 69.350.899.540.619.180.787.912.1112.420.67 79.280.879.470.599.070.687.852.0012.300.69 89.230.889.450.579.010.647.841.8812.180.72 99.200.899.410.599.010.647.811.8812.100.67 109.140.849.380.618.990.627.751.7712.020.65 129.070.829.380.628.950.597.731.7211.970.59 149.050.809.370.618.960.597.711.6611.910.54 169.000.799.310.648.930.587.681.6211.910.54 Lun Vn Tt NghipGVHD: T.S Mai Thanh Phong & T.S Nguyn Th Vinh Trang69 188.950.739.280.668.890.567.681.6011.910.54 208.890.769.270.648.890.567.681.5811.910.54 228.880.769.270.648.860.557.681.5811.910.54 248.850.779.270.648.850.557.681.5811.910.54 268.840.769.270.648.850.557.681.5811.910.54 288.840.769.270.648.850.557.681.5811.910.54 308.840.769.270.648.850.557.681.5811.910.54