l`xyi ux`l laa oiaiptb ediryil iy

mikxer

xniidpte` oxd` ß onxd ixt'b ß xgy oa xi`n

icedid mrd zeclez xwgl xfy onlf fkxn

milyexi

mipiiprd okez

xac gzt9`ean11

iptb 'n ediryi ly mineqxtd zniyx17

laa :oey`x xry

xniidpte` oxd`cenlzd ztewza `fegn xird¨29oli` lhcenlza dcb` ly dnelr dqxb :laaa arxe miyp

(a"r ck ziprz) ilaad51xd cec dyn¤ilaa icenlz 'qpqpx'e ipqqÎixhq`exef 'qpqpx'

?mixwn sexiv :ziyilyd d`nd ziy`xa65onxd ixt'bip`n ,jyyÎxae `ax :ilaad exywda cenlzd

d`yxdine79liw iyixe`l ilaad cenlza fapen ly zizkldd ezhiyl

zixhq`exefd zextqd97

zevetzde l`xyi ux` :ipy xry

hlaceb cecdwizrd dtewzd on zeyi` ixhya ipz`d gepind151mkg gpdrtydd zl`yl :zizextqd dxivide eipeg zia

mixvna eipeg zgtyn ly zeayiizdd ly zizeaxzd113ohxbne`a hxal`miil`ehwlhpi` ,miizc miwte` - ely icedide qeqlw

dnecwd zicedid dxefta miizeaxze147odk diryovicÎxal 'zevx`d iweg xtq'a zaya dk`ln ixeqi`

ixeqd169oiel 'l l`xyiziyilyd d`na ze`iypd cqen zrted183

cptlie lrixaqd :'ef dcin icil `a epi`y mc` jl oi`'cenlzl inlyexid cenlzd oia - micigi ly miiperl

ilaad521

xgy oa xi`n'xc` qpkpyn' ziibeq :laaa 'dewze zixg` mkl izzpe'icedid aeyiil zizyzk (a"r-`"r hk ziprz ,ilaa)

laaa241

l"fg zextqa mip e ir : iyily xry

xtexh mxnrlr cner ip`yk dlek dxezd lk ipcnlzy zpn lr'xetiq ly ezeedzdl :'zg` lbx267

i`xtq a`fixehqid xewnk l"fg zextqa milynd287xhqiw mgpnzenecw zeicedi zeyxca zepyxte qenlet ,zinvr zedf

zeixvepd odizeliawnae319oncixt dcedi `nydl dvegne dpnn miptl :ib`t zia zneg343

uxeey ryedil"fg zextqa xrye rav ipiipr387xaxty l`ipcmi`b ipy - 'mieb ipy'140l`ixy xfril`zra dibelewipbd ly dixehqida wxt :myl zti oia

l"fg ixac zpadl gztnk dwizrd409

dycgd zrd on mihan :dwizrd zra micedi :iriax xry

iptb opgly ezenc zkxrdl :'`yxcin ian edewt` `c lr'd`nd ly dlkydd zextqa dinxi 'xdxyr ryzd419

uxeey l`ipcqetqei lr uxb :xyiin ezevxae mwrn ezevxa437iptb oae`xzqpkd izaa dlidwe dxag ,dcr :mzcr sep zipaz

-1920) milyexi fkxna laa icedi ly(1980447

uaewa mitzzynd477

zegztn479

343

dl dvegne dpnn miptl :ib`t zia zneg

oncixt dcedi `ny

inlyexi cici ,ilaa xweg

oerna enr ,oe`b zxez

?ipy zia ztewza dneg ztwen dziid ib`t zia xird m`d ?'ib`t zia zneg' idn,'ib`t zia' myd z` e`yp mixr dnk ?milyexi znegl iepik `ed 'ib`t zia zneg' m`d`yepa ?milyexi oick ib`t zia oic m`d ?yely e` ('ibt zia'e 'ib`t zia') miizy ,zg`aeiga dzprp `ly elld zel`yd on zg` oi`e ,mixwege mipyxt lv` dkean dxxy dfztwen mizifd xday ib`t zia dziid (dpeiÎia` l`kin) zknqen drc itl .dlilyae.dxizt izla dirae dnezq dcig df xbz` exicbdy in eid xak mixwegd oiae .dneg

,ipy zia inia milyexil mewn zaxwa ,ib`t zia aeyiid1mi`pz ixaca xkfene` ycwnd zia ly dxfra mzeevn meiw mewny miycw zeklda xwira ,minrt dnkxteqn mdae ,mixvepd ly mipeilbpee`d ixtqa riten s`e ,milyexi ly dizeneg oia

.milyexil ib`t zian oez` lr eyi zaikx lr2.cala ilaaa dxkfed 'ib`t zia zneg'

*wxtl izepyxtn wlg `ed xn`nd .rcnl zine`ld oxwd ici lr jnzp (1671/13 'qn) df xwgnmizyd dibeql qgiizn `ede ,cebi`d cenlz zxcqa xe`l z`vl zcnerd ,milretd z` xkeydzixard oeyll dincw`d ly ixehqidd oelind ,'mixb`n' it lr l"fg zextq zexewn gqep .dxyr

http://hebrew-treasures.huji.ac.il/`ztqezd zeqxb .micg` mixeviw ly dlw dagxd ztqeza,oli`Îxa zhiqxaipe` ly zi`pzd zextql gqepd icr xve` it lr `zlikndehttp://www.biu.

ac.il/JS/tannaim/onxail le`y y"r cenlzd xwgl oeknd xb`n it lr ilaad lye ,http://

liebermaninstitute.org/.cala oiirnd zeigepl md zeniiwd zexecdnd it lr micenr ipeiv .1,dpeiÎia` 'n) mizifd xd ly igxfnd oexcna xehÎ` xtkk mixwegd ici lr ddefn `ede

l`xyiÎux` ly zixehqid dit`xbe`ib3;my onqpde ,105 'nr ,b"kyz milyexi ,G. S. P. ¦§¨Freeman-Grenville (trans.), R. L. Chapman III (index), J. E. Taylor (ed.), The

Onomasticon by Eusebius of Caesarea, Jerusalem 2003, pp. 121–122

2) ibtÎzia l` e`ae milyexil eaxwzd xy`k'Βηθφαγçipy reyi gly ,mizifd xd l` ,( ²

exizd .dz` xire dxeyw oez` e`vnz cine mklenn xy` xtkd l` ekl :mdl exn`a micinlzlk .mze` glyi cine ,mdl wewf oec`d exn`z ,xac mkl xn`i edyin m`e .il` e`iade mze`xengÎlr akxe ipr ,jl `eai jkln dpd :oeivÎzal exn`" :`iapd xac miiwziy ick dxw dfz`e oez`d z` e`iad md .reyi zevnk eyre ekld micinlzd .(9 h dixkf) "zepz`Îoa xirÎlre

1 `k izn) 'mdilr ayi `ed mdicba z` mdilr enyy xg`le xird-1 `i qewxn :eeyd ;7-,729 hi qwel-.(34

oncixt dcedi `ny

344

:1 xei`.xg` aeyii lkn milyexil aexw ib`t zia,'zip`icexdd dtewza milyexi ly ilklkd sxerd' ,jexa '` it lr

.44 'nr ,(h"pyz ixyz) 89 dxczw

,mi`pzd zextqa cerizd itl .mizifd xda did ib`t ziay xn`p oeilbpee`d ixtqaxei`a dtn e`x) xird znegl aexwd milyexil uegny aeyiid `ed ib`t ziay rnzynmixken miyi` yebtl ,(dpil) mizexiy my `evnl ,my xearl ycwnd i`a eaxde ,(1`veike ,([`"r dn dheq ;ib`t ziaa ,xnelk] 'ib`t zia` o`vn') zicedid dxagd lymnewn xy` ,ziad onfn miicedi mi`vnny dxiaq dgpdk e`x mixwegd ,ok enk .dfa

ib`t zia zneg

345

lr daezkd miyi` zeny zniyx oebk ,'ib`t ziaa' e`vnp ,df xe`iz lr dper.ipy zia ztewzn ,dnwqelb3

mixtk ipy eidy mipey`x mixweg erivd zexewna e`vny zexizqd z` ayiil ickdrvd .'ib`t zia' myd z` e`ypy xzei e`,envr cenlza zenec zehiy epl dxikfn ef.a"eike ,'eed icaer ixz' uexiza oebk4ezezn` z` miiwl zxzeg z`fd dyibd

xewn lk mkezay ze`ivn i`pz z`vnd ici lr zexewnd on cg` lk ly zizcaerdzexewnd lk ly mlwyn z` eeyd mixwegd ly maex ,cer dne .enewn z` `vnixn`pd lr xy`n zegt `l cala ilaaa mi`ad mixac lr eknqe ,l"fg zextqn

.inlyexiae mii`pzd zexewnaiyrn z` zpgeae zeliawn ly zwcwecn d`eeyd lr zknqp oldl dhewpd dyibdcenlzdy zizxivid dkixra xwirae ,mdizenbn z`e miiwd avnd z` exviy dkixrdgpend z` xviy dkixrd dyrny oldl rivp df oecipa .eizexewn lr lirtn ilaadzxbqna rxi`y xac ,migpen ipy ly (divltpew) befin dyrn `ed 'ib`t zia zneg',cala ilaad lr jnzqi ixehqidd xwgndy dcina ,df itl .a"r gr zegpn ziibeqdnegy wiqdl did ie`x ,daxc` ,ze`ivna dcaerk ef dneg miraewd lv` did jke

.dziid lyn oin `l` ,dzpap `le dziid `l ib`t zia z` dtiwnd

dkeand .`

mixwege mipexg`

ewwfpe dcige xbz` eppiipra e`x ,maexa mixwegd od ,mipexg`d cenlzd iyxtn odzexizqde mipeyd zenewnl i"yx iyexita mpeir jezn xwira `ede ,zewegx zexaqlerivd mdn .mtebl zexewnd zpiga jezn `weec e`le ,elld miyexitd oia e`vnyxewqp o`k .'oeir jixv'a oexi`ydy e` ,dnecke (ib`t/ibt) aizk iiepiy it lr mivexiz

3'ibtÎzia ly xreynd enewn cil mizifd xd ly igxfnd cxena zicedi mixaw zxrn dzlbp'zenyd zniyxa' ;(102 'nr ,[e"vxz] f uiaxz ,'dizeaezke ibt zia zxrn' ,wipweq l"`),`nebe qxg lr ,dep 'i) 'ibt ziaa mixaw zxrna dzlbzpy ,dnwqelb ly dqkn lr dzxgpyrved dpexg`l eli`e ,milret ly mdizenyk dl` z` wifgd wipweq .(50 'nr ,a"pyz milyexiinia milyexi ly mixawd xir ,eqif 'ae xpelw 'r :e`x) 'mdizeveawl mixawpd zeny dl`'y

.(my onqpde ,126 'nr ,b"qyz milyexi ,ipy zia¦§¨4,'ilaad cenlza zixehqidd dcb`l' ,ixn`n e`x ,(a"r al oikxr) 'eed milyexi ixz' elit`e

'nr ,b"pyz milyexie wxeiÎeip ,onxail le`y iaxl oexkfd xtq ,(jxer) oncixt i"y :jezae` zenewn ,miyp` zltkd epcia dhewpd xwgnd zhiy itl mle` .147 ,46 dxrd 130 ,120

.dn`zd xqeg e` zexizql ie`x oexzt ynyl dleki dpi` ('eed icaer ixz') mirexi`

oncixt dcedi `ny

346

l`eny ,onlc ahqeb ,oncleb awri ,hedew jepg ,ecx`t cec 'x ly mdizerc z`.onxail le`ye i`xtq l`eny ,lbq oeivÎoa ,wal` jepg ,oiilw

1718) ecx`t cec 'x-`pw dwqt xacna ixtql eyexita eppiipra xird (1792,('z`vln aezkd exvr ,[g fh mixac] zxvr')5ib`t ziac `icdl rnyn `kd' :azke

miptl ib`t ziac `icda d`xp izkec dnkac dywe .mlyexil ueg `ed mewn:azk i"yx iyexita oeic xg`le .'mlyexia

my didy d`xpe ,mlyexi znegn ueg did ib`t zia oey`x ziaa `xwirnc dpin rny

`ny e` ipy ziaa k"g`e [...] dlila my epiliy milbx ilerl oken mizaa mewn

kde xird lr etiqed oey`x ziaa elit`zxg` dneg epae xird jez ib`t zia eqip

xg`l epiid exn`c iziipzn edpd lke [...] oick df mewn eycwe ib`t zian ueg dpevg

.dlgza dzidy dn itk ixii` oixtqc `zipzn jde ,edeycwy

,'ib`t zia' gpend ly ezernynl rbepa ezrcl zxxeyd 'dxizq'a jix`d hedew jepgdne' :`ed ezrc z` rivde ,i"yxe ,jexrd lra ,ozp 'x ,mipey`xd ixaca epeir jeznzia dxen (a [...] dlik` [...] (` ze`xed izy ib`t zial yiy `ed dfa 'd ippgydfi` dievne `ip`zial aexw zifd xda mewn my ok `xwp dide mibt mewn [...] ib`t

,'oeilb oe`a minrt6.elld zeiernynd zg`l miaizkd on cg` lk cgiil ywiae:eixac zivnz ef .ib`t ziaa oeica 'xy` ipa' extq z` gzt oncleb awri

dler myext oi` mbe ,di` enewn zriawa ekazqp q"yd iyxtn mipey`xd ilecb

mixzeq mdixacy yie ,my xkfpy oiprd itl cinz eyxtc meyn ,deey mewn lka

calne ,mewnl mewnn mdiyexit mipyn miyxtndy miiepyd cal dpde [...] f"`f

zxne` oeyld dn ,epipira `lti cer ,i"yxit lr zeiyewdibt zia znegrnync .

,ibt zia ixwznc dfd mewndl el didcdneg.7

`ztqez `xnbd d`ian `"r fh zereay 'qna' :jk bven ,dkex`a `ad ,exaqd'dgynd xda eid oi`via ipy xne` le`y `a` :l"fe ,b"t oixcdpqc8.`ziixad lk ,'eke

,daxd dxwgp ef `ztqez9:dpeyl dfe

5.oldl e`x df xewn lr6-79 'nr ,e"txz dpie ,a ,mlyd jexr xtq ,hed`w i"g.807.b 'nr ,c"txz eti ,xy` ipa xtq ,oncleb 'i8.d 'nr ,my9-12 'nr ,h"vxz aia` lz ,dcedi ux` ,oiilw 'y :ohw xganinia lbxl dilrd ,i`xtq 'y ;13

153 'nr ,1965 aia` lz ,ipy zia-i dtÎlray dxez ,'milyexie oixcdpq' ,oief i"y ;154.al±`l 'nr ,(j"yz)

ib`t zia zneg

347

oiyer od cvik10dpevigde zlk`p ziniptd odixg` zecez izye oikldn oic zia

exn`y zecez izy dilr oiaiig oi` myl qpkpd eli` lka ziyrp `ly lke ztxyp

la` ongla`l'e` le`y `a` .oxyaaoirevia izy11yexia e idmldpezgzd

`ly dlebd on elryk `l` deycw `l dpeilrde eli` lka dycwzp dpezgzd dpeilrde

oilke` ux`d inr dxenb dzyecw dzidy dpezgzd mineza `lye mixe`a `lye jlna

dpeilrde ipiy xyrn `l la` milw miycw mixiage ipiy xyrne milw miycw da

ipiy xyrn `l la` milw miycw da oilke` ux`d inr dxenb dzyecw dzid `ly

ly dtxezy iptn deycw `l dn iptne ipiy xyrn `le milw miycw `l mixiage

zxecdn] dpie i"k t"r ,c ,b oixcdpq ,`ztqez) mya yakil dgepe myn mlyexi

.([418 'nr ,lcpnxwev

zeneg yely o`kne ,ztqezl aiaqn dneg epa cinz xird lr etiqedyk ,dkldd itlxdl ziad xdn oiyer eid Uake' :e ,b dxt zpyn `iad oncleb .milyexi z` zetiwnd

:wiqde ,'eke 'dgynd

lr etiqedc 'fpd `ztqezd ixacly mewnd `ed `ede ,leabe dneg eteqa did i`ceae

`id `id z`fd dnegde [...] xirdibt zia znegxirdl dnegl dyny mbe dpevgd

ziniptd `id ziad xd znege ,zipevgd dnegd `id dgynd xd zneg [...]12jeYae©¨¤

.ibt zia mewn ,agx mewn13

,ilaaay `ziixad oeyl xg` ixnbl oncleb xxbp ,'`ztqez' xikfdy s`14jezne:`ztqeza la` .mizifd xda dneg oiipra ezxryd z` cinrd 'dgynd xda' dgqeplr `ztqezd z` sicrdl meid epkxck ,xwir i`ceea dfe ,'mlyexia eid oirevia izy'

.oiiprd okez itl cere ,dl zeliawnd micenlza zeziixa15,b ,` oixcdpq) inlyexia

10;'cg`e oirayly oic zia it lr `l` zexfrd lre xird lr oitiqen oi`' :d ,` oixcdpq lr aqen.a ,a zereay :eeyde

11.16 dxrd oldl e`x12'` ,eed zeneg 'b le`y `a`lc eixacn d`xp' :l"pd oixcdpq `ztqezl 'cec icqg'a dfl dneca

iletiya zxg` dneg [l"v jk] 'a ,ziad onfa dilr etiqed dl dvegy `l` ynn xird zneg`le `xfr inia ziyrpy xdd daeba dlrnl ziyilye ,'eke jln t"r ziyrpe mizifd xd

.'dycwzd13.d 'nr ,(7 dxrd lirl) oncleb14ixagn daxd lv` df oiiprl jke:lv` mb `vnp jke .my `ztqezl cec icqg eeyd .m

milyexia oixcdpqd :oixcdpqd ,xlkia '` ;187 'nr ,1959 aia` lz ,dpynd ikxc ,lrwp`xt 'f.59 'nr ,d"lyz milyexi ,(minbxzn) xi`n xa 've oezpb 'p ,zifbd zkylay lecbd oicd ziae

15,`ipz' :a"r±`"r ci migqt it lr cAEr `ziixad gqepy xyt`eizy xne` le`y `a`zexte idzeyxegdgynd xda`ziixal xzei aexw didy xewn ly ceair `ed d`xpk my s`e .'

oncixt dcedi `ny

348

miva izy 'ne` le`y `a`' :([1272 xeh] a"r hi16xaecny xywdd on xexae ,'my eid.milyexia17.mizifd xda dneg xaca di`xd dl dlf`e

onlc ahqeb

eixac jezn o`k oiivp .eixg` e`ay mixweg lr rityd ocic `yepa onlc ly exwgnjenq ,dgxfn milyexin rxzynd xef`k ib`t zia zriaw ,eizepwqn zivnz z` wx

.(my epiir) '[mlyexia] zeyxeg zext izy ipz' :([501 xeh] c"r fk ,d ,` migqt) inlyexiaygqt zkqn lr `zwizr `ztqez ,oncixt i"y :e`x my ilaaa 'dgynd xda' gqepd mrhl.10 dxrd ,107 'nr ,b"qyz ob znx ,`ean sexiva oyexite `ztqezde dpynd zeliawn :oey`x

16,`"r fh zereay ,i"yx) 'f"rla `"wyixn .mirva ipy' :(zereay ilaaa `ziixal) yxit i"yxla`' :xiaq yexit epi`y dywde ('mina xiyr mewn') df yexit oiilw `iad xake ,(ipy d"cdpeekd k"r .minybd zenian ueg ,milyexi ly dpetva dl`k zenewn oi`y ,mircei ep` ixddxrd ,12 'nr ,[9 dxrd lirl] l"pd) xzei rewy e` xzean rwxwdy mewn :(drva) 'dkizg'l:e`x ,(min ly) dvia/drva oeyl ,i"yx ly ekxca ekiynd mipelind .(my 11 dxrd eeyde ;16M. Jastrow, A Dictionary of the Targumim, the Talmud Babli and Yerushalmi and

the Midrashic Literature, New York 1903, pp. 184–185oeyld oeln ,dcedi oa xfril` ;ghy' :'rva' jxr ,587 'nr ,(1915) oaxegl d"nnz'` oilxae milyexi ,a ,dycgde dpyid zixard

dpynd gqepl `ean ,oiihyt` p"i :mb eeyd .'miwenr `l min3'nr ,q"yz aia` lze milyexi ,88-zixard oeyll dincw`d ly 'mixb`n'a .(o"ir `lle o"ira aizkd lr mye) 7 dxrd ,89

`ztqezay efe ,'min mewn ,dvia' rnynl zereay ilaaay ef :mikxr ipyl zeiexwidd ecxtedxe` uitdl ick mda yi m` ,edizzn oa sqei ixaca oeir mewn il yi .otxvl ie`xe ,'(rva) revia'.(l"fg ixacl eixac z`eeyda libxk) ixnbl mini`zn mixe`izd ipy oi`y s` lr ,eppiipr lroetvn[y] ghyd z` ecgi`e ,hrna `l ehytzd miayezd ok`e' :aezk micedid zngln extqazcevn len zpkey `id ;`zifziA z`xwpd ,ziriax drab mb eayii ik cr drabd mr ziad xdl¥¥¨on wezipdy ick ,dligz daygna dxtgp dlrzd .dwenr dlrza dpnn zcxtene dipFhp`d©§§¨

oky ;xzi mEx mdl zFeyl ick mbe .dipFhp`d zeceqil dyibd lr dywi drabddlrzd wner ©©§§¨©¨± `zifziA dycgd dpekyd d`xwp mewnd ipa oeyla .milcbnl ce`n ax daeb siqedxyt`y my ¥¥¨¥

"dycg xir"k oeei oeyll enbxzl ile`,onle` mebxz) ''nr ,d ,r"yz milyexi ,qiixte onvy:xewnd .(153 'nr ,[9 dxrd lirl] i`xtq oiire ;151-149ä åκλήθη åπιχωρίως Βεζεθá τï¢ ¢ ¢ ² ²

νεόκτιστον µέρος, ï µεθερµηνευόµενον Åλλάδι γλώσσ¥ καινç λέγοιô áν πόλιςepgp` . c ¢ ² ¢ d

,('dycg xir' ,zif zia) milyexi lr sqepy xef`d ly enyl zepexzt ipy sexivl o`k micrraw '`zifzia' mewna ,ibg l`eny ly enebxza .sqeil eribdy rcin ihxt ly befin oirnly xywda yexcd rnynl ce`n daexw sqei xqeny 'dycg xir' dxcbdd .(243 'nr) '`zivia'

izy' :oeyld dfa zgzete ,milyexi lr zetqed zriaw ldep zx`znd ,`ztqezdoireviaeid.xwge oeirl ie`x xacd .'eli` lka dycwzp dpezgzd dpeilrde dpezgzd mlyexia

17xda eid mivia izy' :(89 'nr ,mrp zxecdn :mii`lkd gqep) lel` 'c ,ziprz zlibnl oeilekqa,mrp :e`xe .ilaad gqepk ,'dgynd227 'nr ,my-zexewnl `ziixad zwif ziira lr ,228

"mirva ipy"a zwqerd `ziixa mb d`aed oeilekql mii`lkd gqepa' :jk lr dazke .miicenlzd.(226 'nr ,my) 'milyexia eidy

ib`t zia zneg

349

eixaca oecp .ib`t zia zneg `id `id ef dneg eli`ke ,gxfn cvn milyexi zneglepilrdy dna mze` znrl ick ,'zepwqn' xecna oldl hexhexta.ep`

[…] All these references to Beth Page are based on the supposition that it

lay outside the sanctuary proper, beginning apparently where the latter

ended. It lay outside Jerusalem, and there is a reference to a wall which was

supposed to have formed its boundary. It must have been a district situated

outside Jerusalem (in any case a suburb, but not a separate unit), beginning

at the border of the sanctuary, i.e. before the eastern wall of Jerusalem.18

mixg` mixweg

' dnyxp oiilw l`eny ly extqazneg' :ipy zia ini ly ze`ivnk 'ib`t ziaziaib`tsiwd ici lr dnr zxaegne ycwd xir ly wlgk ziad inin cer epl recidneg.'19

cenlzd'y oreh s` `ede ,'ib`t zia oiipra mikeap miyxtnd'y raw wal` jepg mbdid ib`t ziay ,xaeq ilaadjezaznegl ueg `ed ib`t zia znegl uege ,milyexi

.'milyexi20.'milyexil ueg did envr ibt ziay rnyn' inlyexiay siqen `ed21

iptl jiand avnd z` dpn`p bivn zicenlzd dictelwivp`a 'ib`t zia' jxron miptl ,milyexia reci mewn' :ezxzekÎzza zeiexyt` izy erawpe ,mipiirnd

.'dl dveg e` dnegd22

milyexia mewn my - ib`t zia' :azk dpyna ditxbe`bd lr extqa ,lbq oeivÎoauegn e` ,ziad xd cil ,xird zenegl mipta `ed m` ,ewlgp xak miyxtnd ipey`xe,xazqn' :uxize ,'o`kl mbe o`kl mb ,lekiak ,rnzyn zexewnd ony oeeik ,zenegl,ziad xd zaxwa ,xird znegl mipta ,cg`d .ib`t zia mnyy zenewn ipy eidy

"ib`t zia xtk" mb `xwpy ,xird znegl uegn xg`de.'23

18G. Dalman, Sacred Sites and Ways: Studies in the Topography of the Gospels,

London 1935, p. 252.ilyn dybcdd ;19.'dneg' ,'zneg' zeaizl dybcd iztqed .171 'nr ,(9 dxrd lirl) oiilw20;367 'nr ,f"hyz aia` lze milyexi ,miycw xcq ,dpyn ixcq dyy ,oeli 'ge wal` 'g

zexg` zeiexyt` yie ,cala i"yx ixacn zraep ef dqitzy oldl d`xp epgp` .ilyn dybcdd.cenlzd ixac yexita

21.my22.crx xeh ,b ,zicenlz dictelwivp`23zia xtk' lr .42 'nr ,h"lyz milyexi ,mkxre maih zenewnd :dpyna ditxbe`ibd ,lbq v"a

.` gtqp ,oldl e`x 'ib`t

oncixt dcedi `ny

350

,'zepwqn' xecna ,oldl eixaca epwqr .ep`yepl aeyg oeic yicwd i`xtq l`eny.epizepwqn xe`l

oiir' :eazka ,miicenlzd zexewnd oiay zexizqle miiywl fnx onxail y"xbd mb,mda zxkfp ibt ziay zenewnd aex z` sq`y [...] oncleb awri 'xl xy` ipa 'qa

.'mdipiay zexizqd z` `iade24

ib`t zia zneg

it lr zepaene zeayein dycgd zixaae mi`pzd zextqa 'ib`t zia' ly zeiexwidddpexg`d dpgzde ,mizifd xd ly igxfnd oexcna xtk ,ib`t zia ly laewnd xezi`d`le ,dl`d zeiexwida miiyw mi`ven ep` oi` .gxfnn dlery inl milyexi oeeikl

' .odipia zexizqznegilaaay dl` zeiexwid it lre ,cala ilaaa dxkfed 'ib`t ziazexizq `ln 'ib`t zia' oiipry mipiirnd eraw ,mi`pz ixacl oqgie ,ozvwn e`

.miiywezexewnd oia zexizq ayiile 'ib`t zia zneg' zcig z` xeztl ick elr zexaq dnk

`vnidl xen` ib`t zia cg` cvn :ef oebk ,mixwegd oda eygyuegn,milyexildl` mixac zeyrl dyixcd z` `lnn 'ib`t zia znegn miptl' dyrpd ipy cvne

jezaznieqn dtewzay uxzl ick mipey mipezp sxiv x`e`aiep slec` .milyexidneg epa s` d`xpk eixacle ,llka cre ib`t zia cr milyexi zeleab z` eaigxd

.mipta ib`t ziayk ,dlecbd milyexil aiaqn dycg25jnq x`e`aiepy wtq oi``vny `xnn owf zx`znd `ziixa xaqd myl `xnba xn`py uexizd lr ef dxaqzkyln z`vl oixcdpql xzed cvik el`yyke ,mdilr dxnde ib`t ziaa oixcdpq

24zeqgiizdl .13 dxrd ,625 'nr ,a"kyz wxei eip ,cren xcq ,dheytk `ztqez ,onxail 'ye xz` lr ,'ibt zia xtkd ly enewnl' ,edil` oa '` :dnbecl e`x oexg`d onfa 'ib`t zia'l

-51 'nr ,(q"yz)dnegd inegze ipyd ziad inia cec xir ly igxfnd oexcnd' ,bxaqexb '` ;62"dpeilrd"e "dpezgzd" :l"fg zexewna diipyd,(g"qyz) 3 dnecwd milyexie cec xir ixwgn ,'

85 'nr-.(xgy oa xi`n df oeiv lr epcinrd) 8625‘Pour concilier tous ces passages quelque peu contradictoires, il faut avoir recours

à 1’hypothèse suivante: Beth-Phagué se trouvait près de Jérusalem, au pied du mont

des Oliviers. A une certaine époque, quand de trop nombreux pèlerins affluaient

dans la capitale, au point que la ville proprement dite ne pouvait plus les contenir,

on joignit Beth-Phagué à la ville, en l’entourant d’un mur, et on lui accorda les

mêmes priviléges qu’à la capitale, concernant la consommation des offrandes’ (A.

Neubauer, La géographie du Talmud, Paris 1868, pp. 148–149)

ib`t zia zneg

351

.zexfrd lre xird lr siqedl ick e`viy xn`p ,ib`t zial ribdle ycwnay zifbd26

.lirl dxkfedy ,ecx`t cec 'x ly ezrvdl eixac miaexwe,ib`t zia aeyiid z` dtiwnd dnegd `id 'ib`t zia zneg' dpeiÎia` l`kin itl

:xaigy ictelwivp` jxra azky itke‘Bethphage, village on the Mount of

Olives in the immediate vicinity of Jerusalem […]. In ancient times, it was

surrounded by a wall’.27df xaqd it lr zeibeqd z` yxtl dqpiy in lky dnec`xnbd z` yxtl jxc `vnp elit`e .mihrn `l miitxbe`be miixehqid miiywa lwziiinia dneg swen 'ib`t zia' aeyiid zeidl ixehqid ceriz ynyln mixacd miwegx ,jkzextqd on xazqn jke - z`fa dpeiÎia` ly exewn .oldl xidapy itke ,ipyd ziad:jk oecipa azky jxrd z` gzty ,qxt ediryi ixacn `ed - l"pd jxra dneyxd.'(a bq migqt ,ilaa) dneg swen did `ed .milyexil jenq mewn .(ibt zia) ib`t zia'28

l"fg zextqa zei exwid

z` micwpe ,ogzppe l"fg zextqa 'ib`t zia zneg'e 'ib`t zia' zeiexwida oiirp oldl.mi`pz ixaca ze`ad dl`

[`]aexw mewnl lyn

:i`gei xa oerny iaxc `zlikna epipy

26lre xird lr oitiqen oi` :opzck ,zexfrd lre xird lr siqedl `nlc ,`l :iia` l"` [...]',odilr dxnde ibt zia` o`vn :sqei axc dizeek `ipz .cg`e miray ly oic ziaa `l` zexfrd:l"z ?d`xnd ez`xnd `dz leki ,zexfrd lre xird lr siqedl e` dlbr zcicnl e`viy oebk

.(a"r ci oixcdpq ;`"r dn dheq) 'mxeb mewndy cnln ,(g ,fi mixac) "zilre znwe"27M. Avi-Yonah and Sh. Gibson, ‘Bethphage’, Encyclopaedia Judaica2, M. Berenbaum

and F. Skolnik (eds.), Detroit 2007, p. 536.ilyn dybcdd ;28mb .96 'nr ,1951 milyexi ,` ,zixehqidÎzitxbeteh dictelwivp` ,l`xyiÎux` ,qxt 'i

z` dtiwnk ef 'dneg' yxtny wiicl ozip (154 'nr ,[9 dxrd lirl]) i`xtq l`eny ixacnzpya azekd ,iel oeyxb .(epizepwqna ezhiy lr epazky dn oldl epiire) ib`t zia aeyiid

:z`f lly `l mb mle` ,zeixehqid zerici df ceriz lr qqaln xdfp ,1903’According to

some passages of the Talmud, also, it would appear that Bethphage (Tos. Pes. viii)

was near, yet outside, Jerusalem (Sotah 45a). Yet it is referred to as surrounded by×a wall (Pes. 63b, 91a; Men. 78b), which description does not exactly correspond to

any known locality in the immediate neighborhood of Jerusalem. The exact location,

however, has not been determined’ (G. B. Levy, Jewish Encyclopedia, III, New York

and London 1903, p. 124, s.v. ‘Bethphage’)

oncixt dcedi `ny

352

`adl ibet zian `ad dnec oi` .mc`ly eilbx itl lkd .(14 bk zeny) 'milbx yly'

'nr ,cnlnÎoiihyt` zxecdn] ci ,bk ,i`gei xa oerny iaxc `zlikn) qxt zian

.([21729

wegx mewnn mi`ad lbx ilery mibcdl `pzd ywiayk30ly exkyn lecb mxky didiib`t zia z` qtz ,milyexil aexw mewnn `ay in31aexw oi`y mewnl oniqe lynk

.milyexil epnn32

[a]miycw zlik`

:ib`t zial xywda miycw zlik` ipic ep`vn s` mi`pzd ixacay zekldd oia

`iady ixd .z`vln 'zkd exvr ,(35 hk xacna) '[mkl didz] zxvr ipinyd meia'

jlie oilie 'yexia mlk`i iprney ,[mil]yexil ibt zian eiycw33l"z ?ib`t ziaa

z`vln aezkd exvr ,mkl didz zxvr ipinyd meiadqipk `l` dxivr oi` .34xn`py

'd zia `eal lke` `l xevr ip`'`ede zipy edinxi l` 'd xac idie' .(5 el dinxi) '

;br 'nr ,` ,`pdk zxecdn] `pw ,xacna ixtq) (1 bl my) 'dxhnd xvga xevr epcer

.([196 'nr ,uiaxed zxecdn

eilry miycw ecia yiy in .miycw zlik`l ie`x mewn ib`t zia oi`y o`kn rnzyn,xnelk) dpil oerh oaxwdy jezne .milyexia mlke`e ib`t zian m`iven mlk`lmy dpile ib`t zial d`ivia oi` ,(zxgnd xwea cr milyexia zedyl aiig aixwndjidl` 'd xgai xy` mewna zlk`e' xne` aezkd .milyexia dpil zeevn meiw meyn'mewn'd on 'd`ivi' lky o`kn ecnle ,(7 fh mixac) 'jild`l zklde xwaa zipte eallka ib`t zial d`ivie ,'jild`l zklde xwaa zipte' evd z` xtn xwead iptl

.dfd35

29.anwz 'nr ,wew axd cqen zxecdn ,zenyl lecbd yxcn :eeyd30.'qxt zia' lr ,my ,cnlnÎoiihyt` zxecdn e`x31.(my ,cnlnÎoiihyt` zxecdna zexrd) ib`t zia=ibet zia32ly efe (milyexi zneg jeza ibt zia) i"yx ly ef ,zewelgd zepyxtd zehiy z` rivp oldl

zyxc .zehiyd izyl qgid z` xewne xewn lk ab` o`k oiivp okle ,(dl dvegn) l`ppg epiax.lecb wgeca `l` ,i"yx zhiyl `le ,l`ppg epiax zhiyl dni`zn i"ayxc `zliknd

33,cxetqwe` i"k) 'olie jlie' :eeyd .oilie jlie :l"vBodl. 150.15.(cere34dheytk `ztqeza `aen) 'xwad cr milyexia qepk epiidc ,dqipk `l`' :lld epiax azke

.(625 'nr ,[24 dxrd lirl]35,oiihylwpit zxecdn] clw ,mixac ixtq) 'dpil miperhy cnln ,jild`l zklde xwaa zipte'

.i"yxk `le ,l`ppg epiaxk ,milyexil uegn `vnp ib`t ziay o`kn xexa .([190 'nr

ib`t zia zneg

353

: ipy gqtl xywa `ztqeza epipy oke [b ]

'x ,dpil oerh ipiyde dpil oerh oey`xd [...] ipiyl oey`xd oda oieyy mixac eli`

,dxfra egqt z` hgeye qpkp ,dyer `ed cvik `l` ,dpil oerh ipiyd oi` 'e` dcedi

'nr ,onxail zxecdn] g ,g migqt ,`ztqez) ibt ziaa eia` z` citqne `veie

185-.([186

.dil` daxwa la` milyexil uegn cner ib`t ziay xexa36epi` ipy gqty jeznezxg` deevn miiwl ick ib`t zial z`vl milrad i`yx ,dcedi 'x ixacl dpil oerh

.egqt z` lk`ie jk xg` xefgie eilr zlhend37ipy gqt s`y xaeqd `nw `pzl ixd.ib`t zial z`vl xeq` ,dpil oerh

[c]mgld izy38miptd mgle39

i ,gi wxt ,xen` `xtq` ,`i zegpn ,`ztqeza ,`i zegpn ,dpyn

,`"r cw ,qiie zxecdn),lcpnxwev zxecdn)(ontiew i"k)

(66 owihe i"k it lr `aen(e"ik it lr ,529 'nr

dzide'40edelk`e eipale oxd`l

(9 ck `xwie) 'yecw mewna

cw mewna ozlik`y cnln.ye

mewna dzlik` `li` il oi`mgl zg`e mgld izy zg`mgl cg` mgld izy cg`

dzkixre dzyil s` 'pn ,yecwuega ozkixre ozyil miptdozkixre ozyil miptd

.'dzide' 'el 'lz yecw mewnazegec oi`e mipta oziit`e.mipta oziit`e uega41

ozyil mgld izy s` lekixi`n 'x ixac zayd z`

36dkenq `idy iptn ,ib`t zia hwpe' :onxail ixac e`x .i"yxl dywe l`ppg epiax yexitl gepe.(625 'nr ,[24 dxrd lirl] dheytk `ztqez) 'milyexil

37.my ,my38ipy mizy dtepz mgl e`iaz' :zereayd bga dceard xcqn 17 bk `xwiea xn`pl dpeekd

'dl mixeka dpit`z ung dpiidz zlq mipxyr.'39-5 ck `xwiea eilr deehvpy `edznye [...] zelg dxyr mizy dz` zit`e zlq zgwle' :8

epkxri zayd meia zayd meia [...] 'd iptl xdhd oglyd lr zkxrnd yy zekxrn mizy mze`.'mler zixa l`xyi ipa z`n cinz 'd iptl

40.miptd mgl zgpn41i"ka oke ,`zil ontiew i"kae .'zayd z` zegec opi`e' :o`k sqep dinirce (el) 'bcixanw i"ka

zcxtp dcigia zeipynd mdipya) 120 owihe i"ke 95 okpin i"ka ilaad mry dpynae ,`nxt.(`xnbd on

oncixt dcedi `ny

354

'el 'lz yecw mewna ozkixre

.'miycw ycw ik'

mipta odiyrn lk 'e` dcedi 'xmipta odiyrn lk 'e` dcedi 'xmipta mdiyrn lk 'e` dcedi 'x

uega odiyrn lk 'e` oerny 'x

libx ied mlerl 'e` oerny 'xrpnz l` mlerl 'ne` oerny 'x'nel libx ied mlerl 'e` 'rny 'x

miptd mgle mgld izy xnelzg`e mgld izy zg` xnelzexiyk miptd mgle mgld izy

ziaa zexiyke dxfra zexykzexiyky jxck miptd mgl.ibt ziaa zexiyke dxfra42

.`bt43ib`t zia` zexiyk jk dxfra

jk dxfra zelqtpy jxck

.ib`t zia` zelqtp

mipdkd - (9 ck `xwie) 'ycw mewna edlk`e eipale oxd`l dzide' xn`p miptd mgl lrxaca zewelg mi`pzd ly mdizerc .ycwnay dxfra miptd mgl z` lek`l mieevniptly ozkixre ozyil lr oke ,mgld izy ziit`e ('dz` zit`e') miptd mgl ziit`Ÿlwn oerny 'x .uega mb e` cala mipta ycewa zeyrp dl` zelert s` m` ,diit`dlibx ied' :ccegn oeyla eixac z` wfgn s`e .uega mixyk mdiyrn lky xaeqe mlekn.'ib`t ziaa zexiyke dxfra zexiyk miptd mgle mgld izy ,xnel rpnz l`/xnelmibdep eide uega mziit` elit`y mixne`a mitfep eidy d`xpe' :wal` jepg xird dtie

.'df oeyla oerny 'x xn` jkitl [...] ok44cbpk ,iqenlet geqip `ed df ,xnelk.mixingnd45

- ib`t ziaa zexyke' :ef dpynay oerny 'x ixac z` yxit (a"r dv zegpn) i"yx

42cxetqwe` dfipb rhwaBodl. heb c. 21 fol. 13b.ib`t ziaa :cwepn§¥¨§¥õ43.ibt ziaa :cere 31 owihe i"ka oke .ibt iaa :qtcpa44.371 'nr ,(20 dxrd lirl) wal`45zakrn oaxwd zgiaf m` ,mgld izy zl`ya zwqer mi`pzd zextq zeaihgay zxg` dkld

' :ozyecw z`[...] (17 e xacna) "[zevnd lq lr] 'dl minly gaf dyri li`d z`e"zgiafmlyexia gafdy onfa izni` ongl z` zakrn zxvr iyak ipy zgiaf dngl z` zakrn dcezzxecdn] fi ,e xacnal `hef ixtq) 'ibt ziaa mglde mlyexia gafdy onfa `le mlyexia mglde,mgld ycw `l ezgiaf `lle ,mgld z` zycwn dcez zgiaf ,xnel dvex .([245 'nr ,uiaexedfn±a"r en zegpn) 'dhigy zrya mgl `diy jixvy micen lkd :opgei 'x xn`c' :ilaaa xen`k,izni` .'dwixf dil `ycwn `l dhigy zrya ded `l i`e' :xz` lr i"yx yxite ,(`"rz` zakrn dgiafd oi` df avnay ,'ibt ziaa mglde mlyexia gafdy onfa `le' ,milyexiamgld izyy ,oerny 'x zrck xaq df `pze .(o`k `hef ixtql mixt` ixitq eeyde) mgld zyecwsxiv ,miptd mgl z` df xzidl sxvl mewnay `l` ,ibt ziaa zexyk (zxvr iyak mr ze`ad)

.(oldl e`x mdilr) dcez ingl oic

ib`t zia zneg

355

lka'yecw mewn' lr exaic `yixay mi`pzd .'uega inp oziit` xaq `wc ,milyexixfrd ,yecw mewn lr zeaqenk ze`xp 'uega'e 'miptl' mbe ,ycwnd lr aqend oeylkd

zyecwa eyrii m` ice ,ycwn aiign epi` wlegd oerny 'xy i"yx wiic o`kn .ycwnayzia zneg' yxtl `ayk ,xnelk) mewn lka i"yx zhiy z` m`ez df yexit .milyexi

'ib`t.zenegl jenq xird jeza ghy `ed ib`t ziay (ilaad ixaca46dyw la`,(mi`pzd ixac zeaihga mi`ad ,`pz ixac mdy) oerny 'x ixac lr df yexit lihdl

recid aeyiid `ed ,(ib`t ziaa=) 'ib`t zia`' yxetna xn`yuegnjenqe milyexil,[a] 'ib`t ziaa oilie jlie' :lirl eeyd) mnvr z` mipikne my midey milerd eidy ,dl'xy ,xacd denze' :wal` ly ezdinz zayeine .([b] 'ib`t ziaa eia` z` citqne `veie'

!'ib`t ziaa :xne` `l` ,dxfrl "uega" xne` epi` oerny47aiign oerny 'x oi` ,ok`ezvilnk ,ib`t ziaa ,xnelk ,ynn uega md mixyk `l` ,milyexi `le dxfr `l.milyexil uegn xac ziiyrl zwdaend dnbecd `id ib`t ziay ,mewn lka mi`pz

`xnn owf [d]

d`xeda cxend ly eypere ,wtq zrya dpekpd dkldd xexia jild x`ezn dxezaowf' oic ea zeyrl `ed ,([12 fi mixac] '[...] rny izlal oecfa dyri xy` yi`de')Ÿ.zifbd zkyla zayeid oixcdpqd z`xeda cxny in lr lg `xnn owf oic .'`xnnmyny zifbd zkylay lecbd oic zial oi`a' :dpyna hxetn dkldd xexia jildz

'd xgai xy` `edd mewnd on" 'py '`xyi lkl `vei dxezoixcdpq) '(i ,fi mixac) ":micnl ep` zenewn ipya ilaaa diepyd `ziixaa .(a ,`i

zia` o`vn48ibt49xnel cenlz d`xnd ez`xnd `dz leki odilr dxnde (ibt ziaa=)

dn dheq ;a"r ci oixcdpq) mxeb mewndy cnln ,(8 fi mixac) 'mewnd l` zilre znwe'

.(`"r50

46znegl ueg ± ib`t zia` zexyke dxfra zexyk' :i"yx yxit (`"r bq zegpn) lirl dliawnadxfrdzg` dnegmpn` ,o`k epiptly yexitd eze`l oeekn df yexity xyt` .'dny oke

ueg' i"yxl qgeind mr cg` dpwa milere ,el eqgei `l` ,i"yx ixac mpi`y xyt`e ,dn wgecaepiid ± ib`t [zia] zneglziad xd znegl uegdneg' :epiptly oeyld mb .(a"r gr zegpn) '

'dny oke') mewn lka i"yx ly epepbq z` m`ez epi`e ,zvw mbnebn d`xp ,'dny oke' ,'zg`zexyt` itl .([a"r k dcp] 'dny oke dzid zixkp ± finxed `xti`' :heyt dxwna zg` mrtcr a"r ar scn `edy ,laewnd on xzei i"yxl qgeind yexitd zeleab z` aigxdl yi z`f

.hexhexta oldl e`x ,`"r cv sc47.371 'nr ,(20 dxrd lirl) wal`48.'ziaa' :1 bevxd axd ci ,milyexi i"k oixcdpqa49'bcixanw ,dfipb rhw dheqaT-S F2 (2) 64.oldl e`xe ,'qib`t' :

oncixt dcedi `ny

356

m` .'ziad xda dzidy ,zifbd zkyll ueg oixcdpql `xnn owf o`vn' :yxit i"yx,zeicenlzd zeaihgd x`ya ze`ceea zcrezn dppi` ilaaay ef `ziixa ik51d`xp

lr xryl aexwdaexwd dpgzk ib`t zia ly enewin .mi`pz ixac `idy oepbqd itmi`pzd zextqne dycgd zixad on eilr zerici x`ye gxfnd on jxca milyexilmi`veile ycwnd i`al ybtn mewn zetekz did `edy dqitzd z` miaxwnjildd zeyixc z` z`lnn ib`t ziaa oixcdpql diipt oi`y zcnln `ziixad .epnn

l` zilre' xne` aezkd .'`xnn owf' lydowf oica akrn 'mewnd' okle ,'mewn`le ,`weec (8 fi mixac) 'ea jidl` 'd xgai xy` mewnd l` zilre znwe' - `xnn

.ib`t zia52

mi ip ia mekiq

lkn dil` aexwd milyexil uegn mewnk ib`t zia ixekf` mii`pzd zexewna epi`xdnec oi` .mc`ly eilbx itl lkd' :df byen zxqend dvilnk `a `edy yi .xg` mewn

ib`t zian `ad53mewnn `ay inl dnec epi` aexw mewnn lbxl dlerd ,xnelk ,'[...]iprney ,milyexil ibt zian eiycw `iady ixd' :miycw zlik` lr .([`] xewn) wegx'z`vln aezkd exvr ,"zxvr" xnel cenlz ,ib`t ziaa oilie jlie milyexia mlke`aexw mewn ,ib`t zial d`ivi mb ,milyexin z`vl xeq` odiably zeevn oze`l .[a]qpkp' ?zxne` oeyld dn dpil oerh oaxwd oi`yke .dxeq` `ide d`ivi zaygp ,ce`nepi` ipy gqt oaxwy jezn .'ibt ziaa eia` z` citqne `veie dxfra egqt z` hgeyexefgle ,aexw mewn ,ib`t zial oebk ,milyexin z`vl xzen jxevd zrya ,dpil oerhizy ,xnel rpnz l`' :oerny 'x ixaca zrnyp dviln znip .[b] egqt z` lek`l ickzexyky myk ,xnelk .[c] 'ib`t ziaa zexiyke dxfra zexiyk miptd mgle mgldl` zilre znwe' :`xnn owf oiipra ,ilaaay `ziixaae .uega zexiyk jk ,mipta

50xn` okin' :xn`p mi`pz yxcnal"z d`xnd ez`xnd `dz leki odilr dxnde ibt ziaa o`vn ezxecdn ,mi`pz yxcn) 'mxeb mewndy cnln (8 ,fi mixac) 'd 'ai 'y` 'nd l` zilre znwe'zrcle ,mixac ixtqa `vnp eppi` ,xnelk ;zelecb zeize`a my qtcede) (102 'nr ,onted

.(mixacl `zliknd on `edy xyt` xicdnd51za`yp `id m` drxkd dkixv oiicr (50 dxrda) mi`pz yxcna zexwidd ik 'ze`ceea' izazk

.`l e` mixacl `zliknd on52dne' :azk (bn dxrd ,fi mixac) dninz dxez xtq lra .i"yx zhiyln xzei l`ppg epiaxl gep

jldnl cgeind `eand 'id my jxcc meyn ile`e ,oiprd x`azp `l ibt zia `wec qtzyzkyll okeld jxca o`vn xnelk ,ibt zia` o`vn oeyld wiecn jke ,zifbd zkyll oixcdpqd

.(mixfeg zrke ,deevn xacl e`viy ,'wetp' `xnba xn`py dn yxtie) 'zifbd53.'ibet' :aezk epiptl

ib`t zia zneg

357

deevnl mby epi`xe .[d] ib`t zia hrnn ?hrnn dn 'ea jidl` 'd xgai xy` mewndzia' :df byenl aed`de ixeivd oeyla `hazn 'ueg' byend ,dxfra zeyridl dxen`d

.'ib`tmewn `ed ib`t ziay ,dycgd zixaa rcind it lr dti miyxtzn dl` mi`pz ixac

.milyexil jxca dpexg`d dpgzd `edy myn fnexn s`e ,mizifd xda

dcez ingl [ e ]

,f zegpn) 'mgld ycw `l dnegl ueg dngle mipta dcezd z` hgeyd' :dpyna epipyi`ad mingld .(b11 f `xwie) dcezd oaxw mr m-zrya ezyecwa miycwzn (13

milyexi znegl ueg eid ok m` `l` ,oaxwd zhigy54s` diepy ef dkld .dry dze`a:oeyld dfa ,`ztqeza

dnegle miptl dcezd z` hgeyd55<dngle :l"v>56zia`57ycw `l (ibt ziaa=) ibt

54.o`k xaecn dneg efi`a dl`ya mi`xen` zwelgn oldl e`x55mitqep micr oi` el` caln .oey`x qetcae ,(o`k epeyl z` mi`ian ep`y) dpie i"ka `ed ok

.il mireci ef `ztqezl56milyexi ,` miycw ,cec icqg) 'dngle l"vc heytd zerhd' :cec icqg lra o`k dibd xak

qetc ,a"r bq migqt ,ilaaa s` `vnp 'dnegl' oial 'dngl' oia ,df yeaiy .(ehy 'nr ,c"pyz'iptl dcez hgeyd opzc' :dpynd on d`aena ,jli`e divpednegleuegdnegleycw `l

miptl dcez hgeyd' :my ciÎiazk dnka (dpey`xd zexwida) dfke ;'mglddnegle'dnegl uegdianelew i"k)X893 T141cxetqwe` i"k ;(Opp. Add. fol. 23('ueg dnegle') oicd `ede .

,fixt i"ka ,`ztqezay dkldd dze`k `ziixaae dpynd on dwqta ,a"r gr zegpn ,ilaaaAIU H147Ajexray ib`t zia jxra s` .dpyna 118 owihe i"ka ;`ziixaa my divpe qetca ;

eip i"k jexra mle` .oey`x qetca dnegle `ed oke .'[dngle l"v] (dnegl)' :(79 'nr ,a) mlydmipaxl yxcnd zia ,wxeiPhil 2870=ENA 344i"kePhil 2871=Enelow 842:dnegl mewna

i"ka ,ok`e .dngle :zixewnd dqxbd on `id cixy i`ceea ef 'e .daizd zligza 'e ,'dnegle'.ie`xk ,'dngle' :957 x`e`aiep belhw ,zihixad diixtqd ,oecpel

57zia` ezng qrka erlal' :o`xnew iazka ,ziwipita dcrez (Îa=Î`) ef dxev .ziaa=zia`'ezelb1QpHab XI,6)epiire ,[190 'nr ,e"nyz milyexi ,(dxicdn) ovip 'a ,wewag xyt]

,oeli 'g ;1259 'nr ,(16 dxrd lirl) oiihyt` :e`x ,l"fg oeylae daqek xa zexbi`a ,(my;175 'nr ,(`"iyz) fk xtq zixw ,'qexea zxecdn ,wewag xyte ediryi zlibn lr zxewia'cgeina dgiky l"fg oeyla .fq ,bq 'nr ,f"lyz milyexi ,zinx`ae zixara mixwgn ,xyhew 'i

o`vn' oebk ,ilaaa zeiexwidy `lt oi` .('ib`t zia`') oecipd sexiva 'zia`' dxevd'ib`t zia`jke ,(lr=) Î` zilaa zinx` ly ziligzk ze`xidl zelelr ,(`"r dn dheq ;a"r ci oixcdpq)'nr ,1960 aia`Îlz ,zilaa zinx` wecwc ,oiihyt` ield p"i) oiihyt` ly ezrc lr dlr:ly) ipeyld xaqdl xy` .my epiir ,glx 'nr ,mixwgn ,xyhew epnn biizqd xake ,(136±135oeylle glnd mi zelibn ly oeyld zxeqnl dzwife mipexneyd zexeqn' ,miigÎoa 'f :e`x ,(zia`

oncixt dcedi `ny

358

zxecdn] gi ,g zegpn ,`ztqez) mgld ycw `l uega odn cg`e mipta olek 'it` mgld

.(dpie i"k it lr ,[524 'nr ,lcpnxwev58

.'ibt (ziaa=) zia` dngl' `ztqeza eli`e ,'dnegl ueg' did mgldy xn`p dpyna`ed ib`t zia .oiiprd eze`a zexacn odizyy wtq oi` o`k `ztqezde dpynd oeincnoiivl ick miycw zekld oiiprl zetekz xkfen `ede ,milyexi zenegl uegn mewnepwqdy itk .dyecway mipiiprl milyexi zeleabl ueg aygpd la` ,aexw mewn,miptd mgle mgld izy oiipra (dpynae ,`ztqeza ,`xtqa) oerny 'x ixacn lirlef `ztqez iabl xnel yi jk ,dil` jenqd milyexil uegn mewn did ib`t ziay'dnegl ueg'l liawn ib`t zia xekf` day ,(45 dxrd lirl ,`hef ixtq oeyl iable)

.dpynay

`ztqezdpyn

dngle miptl dcezd z` hgeydibt zia`dngle mipta dcezd z` hgeyddnegl ueg

oeyld lr xenyl dcitwd (a ,`i zegpn) dpynd mb miptd mgle mgld izy oiipra`ly xiaqe ,my `ztqezae `xtqa zeliawnd oepbqke ,oerny 'x ixaca ibR ziaA§¥¨¥,mle` .oerny 'x zpyn ly wdaend dpepbq mvr z` silgdl oizipznc `pz d`x.dl dvegn e` milyexi znegl mipta dpeekde ,miptA ,uEgA xn`p my `yixa©¦§¦mrh jkl yiyk (oerny 'x ly df oebk) miixeiv mixeaic xnyl dpynd jxc jke

,cgein59`yixak ilnxete deab oepbql dpynd zxaer ,cgein mrh oi`yk la`iehiad ,dcez ingl oiipra ,o`k mb jk .'mipta' ,'uega' `l` 'ib`t zia`' `l .myueg' izextqd oepbql dxar dpynd eli`e ,`ztqeza x`yp 'ibt zia`' innrde ixeivd

.'dnegl:ef dpyna xaecn dneg efi`a dl`ya ewlg yiwl yixe opgei 'x

227 'nr ,(g"iyz) ak eppeyl ,'l"fg-'nr ,my ,xyhew ;(dpx 'nr ,my ,xyhew el oiiv) 22865 'nr ,g"qyz milyexi ,(a zeteq`) minkg oeyla xwgn iwxt ,hiaxy 'y ;glx-;66

88 'nr ,(d"nyz) dn eppeyl ,'epaed `ly miaizk' ,xy`Îxa 'n-zepeyl ,l"pd=) 90 ,89:mipey`x359 'nr ,a"ryz milyexi ,zinx`ae glnd mi zelibna ,`xwna oeyl ixwgn-;(360

zepeyl ,l"pd=] 28 dxrd ,29 'nr ,(h"qyz) 132 dxczw ,'xnrÎzian xhya oeyld lr' ,l"pdhÎg zelibn ,'minkg oeyl xwgne dcedi xacn zelibna zixard' ,l"pd ;[267 'nr ,mipey`x

293 'nr ,(r"yz)-.29458lirl e`x ,ib`t ziaa mi`vnpd dcez ingla zwqerd mi`pzd zextq zeaihgay zxg` dkldl

.45 dxrd59.99 'nr ,(15 dxrd lirl) izazky dn e`x

ib`t zia zneg

359

,e ,e `nei ,inlyexia"r bq migqt ,ilaagr zegpn ,ilaa

(592 xeh) c"r bn(6 okpin i"k)(dplie) a"r

oebltzi`c [...]`pnif `cg da ebilti` `de [...]

dngle mipta dcez hgeydmiptl dcezd z` hgeyd opzc

mgld ycw `l dnegl uegmgld ycw `l dnegl ueg dngle

dnegl ueg i`ndnegl ueg i`n

znegl ueg 'n` opgei 'xznegl ueg 'n` opgei 'xueg xn` opgei iax

'yexiqibt zia60zneglib`t zia

'n` yiwl oa oerny 'xueg 'n` yiwl yixueg 'n` yiwl yixe

dxfrd znegl uegdxfrd znegldxfrd znegl

znegl ueg '` opgei 'xqibt ziaueg xn` yiwl yix

yecw dxfrd znegl ueg la`lr opira dxfrd znegl

jenqa lr opira `l `nl`jenqa

dxfrd znegl ueg 'n` yiwl yixueg xn` opgei iaxe

jenqa lr opira `nl` yecw `lla` ib`t zia znegl

`le yecw dxfrl ueg

`de jenqa lr opira

`pnif `cg da ebilti`

[...]

opgei iaxc dizeek `ipz

dcezd z` hgeyd

ueg dngle miptl

`l ib`t zia znegl

mgld ycw

eli`e .dxfrd znegl uegn `ed m` ,mewn aexiwa mb lqtp mgld yiwl yix zrcl'milyexi znegl ueg' eppi`y lk ,dxfrl uegn `edyk mb (inlyexia) opgei 'x zrcl,ilaaa d`a zwelgnd dze` .dcez ingll xyk milyexi swid lk ezhiyly ,lqtp `lmiiepiya epiptl cg` xewn - ze`aend izy ly ozedfa wtq oi`e ,dlina dlin hrnk

60.a gtqp ,oldl e`x ('qibt') df aizk lr

oncixt dcedi `ny

360

.ce`n milwopge i 'x ixaca ' ib`t zia zneg ' hwep ilaaay oxqnd ,dpde! inlyexiay 'milyexi zneg ' mewnagp dn `ztqezd on eprny xakay

' `ztqezak dkldl oeekzn opgei 'x m` .'uega' aygp dne 'miptl'ibt zia`jke) '' :eixaca zgqepnd dkldd idef ixd (xiaqmilyexi znegl uegzenk ynn ,'

dngle' :zgz ,'dnegl ueg dngle' :ixewnd gqepd itlk dpynd dbdpzdyibt zia`.'ueg' ixd ,micenlzd ipya yiwl yixe opgei 'x zexnin ly dcenvd dlawdd jezn

!inlyexiay 'milyexi znegl ueg' `ed `ed ilaaay 'ib`t zia znegl61l"pd lk xe`l:opgei 'x zxnina inlyexide ilaad zlawdl aey qgiizdl epilr

,e ,e `nei ,inlyexia"r bq migqt ,ilaazegpn ,ilaa

(592 xeh) c"r bn(6 okpin i"k)(dplie) a"r gr

dnegl ueg i`ndnegl ueg i`n

znegl ueg 'n` opgei 'xznegl ueg 'n` opgei 'xueg xn` opgei iax

yexi'qibt ziazneglib`t zia

dligzn dyrp 'ib`t zia znegl ueg' qexbl ilaaa opgei 'x zxnin ceairy xyt`,'eke 'opgei iaxc dizeek `ipz' `ziixak my d`aedy `ztqezd it lr ,zegpn ilaaa

.'ib`t zia znegl ueg' :xn`p dae

gi ,g zegpn ,`ztqezb ,f zegpn ,dpyngr zegpn ,ilaa

,lcpnxwev zxecdn)(ontiew i"k)(fixt i"k) a"r

(524 'nr

opgei 'xc dizeek `ipz

miptl dcezd z` hgeydmiptA dcFYd z` hgFXd©¥¤©¨¦§¦miptl dcezd z` hgeyd

dngleibt zia`DOglednFgl uEg §©§¨©¨dngleibt zia znegl ueg

mgld ycw `lmgNd Wcw `lŸ¨©©¤¤mgld ycw `l

61ziad xda eid m` la` ziad xd znegl ueg epiid ± ib`t [zia] znegl ueg' :i"yxl qgeinamiptl iedc ab lr s`e .dxfrd znegl ueg .l"f [axd epxen=] d"n ,dxfra oi`y it lr s` eycwcr wx xizn ,wlegd opgei 'xy yiwl yix ixacn wiic df oyxt .'ycw `l ib`t zia znegnciÎazkn i"yx yexita mle` .miptd mgl oiipra i"yx ly eweic oldl eeyde .d`ad dnegdueg ± ib`t zia znegl ueg' :xn`p (oldl e`x ,izn`d i"yx yexit `ede ,xz` lr dplie q"ya)

.ynn inlyexiay dliawnk ,'milyexia dpevigd znegl

ib`t zia zneg

361

`eaiia ekxck dze` cair ,`ztqezay dkldd z` zFpWl `ayk ,d`laa `pzy dnec¦§.dil` dn`zdae dpynd on62dpynd oeyla bfEn 'ibt zia`' `ziixaay ixewnd oeyld

:xnelk .'ibt zia znegl ueg' xvepe ,'dnegl ueg'ueg = dnegl ueg + ibt zia`ibt zia znegl.63

oiadl xy`n zipepbqÎzipeyl dpigan d`laa `pz dyr dn oiadl xzei lw ,mle``ed mby s` lr) epcia llk ,cere .xviy ycgd iehiad z`xedl ezepyxte ezpeek z`dlrdy ixwird xacl zpeekn zizkixr zeaxrzdy ,(lfxa llk zeidl jixv epi`xvepd oeyld on zeycge zetqep zeiernyn rneyd wiiciy ezpeek oi`e ,ezrca rvandaxwl `l` d`laa `pz oeekzd `ly ,xaca zexiaq ly dcin yi s`e .zeaxrzdd awrzpigan ,xnelk .zixewnd dzpeekn dwzpl ilan ,dpynd oeyll `ziixad oeyl z`.jd epiide ,'milyexi znegl ueg' = 'ibt zia`' = 'ibt zia znegl ueg' ,rnynd64

migpend ipy z` bfinyk d`laa `pz lv` dzlr dxaq efi` xryln `et` ep` mixehtmpi` zexaq ixry ixde ,dl`k exqgi `ly it lr s` ,'ib`t zia zneg' ,cg` mzeyrldkixr jild xefgy edenke ,zeliawnd jezn xexa icewtzÎizkldd rnynd .milrpp

.ef zizxivily drck `id opgei 'x ly ezrc ixde ,`ziixad oeyl xvepy xg`l ,dzrn xen`opgei 'x zxnin z` carl `xnbd lra `a ,(dpyn ly dheyt `ide) `ziixad=`ztqezd'x ,ilaad itl ,eiykre ,ef `ziixal m`zda (inlyexiay oepbqk dxwirn dziidy)

.'ib`t zia znegl ueg' :xne` opgeimilindy zexyt`d `id 'jtdd'a izpeek .xiaq zegt la` ,ixyt` `ed jtdd mbzia znegl ueg' opgei 'x zxnin it lr my etqep `ziixaay 'ibt zia znegl ueg'

62oix`iea 'c :jeza ,'`ztqezay odizeliawnl oqgie ilaad cenlza zeziixad' ,oncixt i"y :e`xonlf miig 'text ceakl :zipaxde zicenlzd zextqa mixwgn :miigl dxhr ,(mikxer) mixg`e

-163 'nr ,q"yz milyexi ,iwqaexhinicmixwgn zteq` :mi`pz ly mzxezl ,l"pd=) 201149 'nr ,b"ryz milyexi ,miipeire miibelecezn-.(194

63:e`x dwizr zextqa oeekn (divltpew) befin lrJ. H. Tigay, ‘Conflation as a Redactional

Technique’, in: idem (ed.), Empirical Models for Biblical Criticism, Philadelphia

1985, pp. 53–95ny wenip ztqeda ,x`yd oia ,z`fd drtezd z` mibcd iibih .zay zxi,mirayd mebxza oiae o`xnewa `vnpy gqepa oia ,mixacay df ci lr zenyn zexaicd zxyra'`xaz') l"fg zextqa befin ly mireci mibeq yi .my epiir ,cere ,dxizqe zeybpzd ± d`vezde

241 'nr ,[16 dxrd lirl] oiihyt` e`xe ;'dze` epy micinlz ipy' ,'eke-eply oecipd .(242.l"fg zxeza dzenk e` ef drtez ly dneiw z` xxal ie`x eit lre ,`ed cgein dxwn

64jeza did ib`t ziay ,xaeq ilaad cenlzd' :ilaad oepbqn wiqd (lirl `aenk) wal`.(367 'nr ,[20 dxrd lirl] wal`) 'milyexi znegl ueg `ed ib`t zia znegl uege ,milyexi.milyexi ly dpevigd dnegd jeza xef` `ed ib`t ziay rawy ,i"yx zhiy z` ztwyn ef drc

.envr ilaal ef drc qgiil jxev oi` la`

oncixt dcedi `ny

362

.'ibt zia`' ,`ziixad ly ixewnd gqepd z` etilgde ,'ib`t65ly gqpnl oiipn ,mle`diabl xaqen xaky ,ef `ziixan `l m` ,'ib`t zia'l xewn ilaaa opgei 'x zxnin

?df oepbq da xvep cvik66

xg` xear gqtd zhigy [f]

dpynd it lr e ,g migqtdpynd it lr e ,g migqt

ociil i"k ,inlyexia(125 owihe i"k) ilaaa

e`ivedl edegihady in oke lba gwtnde ope`dedegihady ine lba gwtnde ope`d

owfde dlegd oixeq`d zianodyoilekilkelowfde dlegde oixeq`d zian e`ivedl

zifko ihgeyodilroil eki o i`yzifk lk`loihgey oi`

mdilr

`"r el ,e ,g migqt ,inlyexi`"r `v migqt ,ilaa

(548 xeh)(125 owihe i"k)

'x mya dpg xa xa `a` oea 'xia dqei 'x`l opgei 'x 'n` dpg xa xa dax 'n`

m` la` [l`x]'yi edeyagya 'zipzn opgeila` miiebly mixeqi`d ziaa `l` ep`y

mpinie `ey xaic mdit xy`' mieb edeyagodilr oihgey l`xyily mixeqi`d ziaa

.(8 cnw mildz) 'xwy oinidil iwtn i`ce degha`c oeik onvr ipta

`le dler eyri `l l`xyi zix`y' ['kc]

'zinxz oeyl mdita `vni `le afk exaci

.(13 b diptv)

oezpamlyexil uegoezpa la`jezai`wc `l` epy `l `cqg ax 'n`eueg

'yexi.egihady ink egihad `l 'it`ib`t zia znegli`w la`miptl

:gqep icr x`y] zian[zia znegn

ib`t67ilirnc xyti` ,odilr oihgey

.lik`e mzdl dil

65gpena zbvend `ziixae `xnin zedf xiaqdl llk jxca onhte`d zicedi dqtzy oeeikd edf:`ziixad lr `xnind zrtyd ,xnelk .'eke ,'dizeek `ipz' ,'ikd inp `ipz'‘the baraita, over

the course of time, had assimilated part of the memra’ (J. Hauptman, Development

of the Talmudic Sugya: Relationship between Tannaitic and Amoraic Sources,

Lanham, MD 1988, p. 217)

66.197 'nr ,my :e`x (`xnind lr `ziixad on) zvwna dnec dxwnl67ef dqxb xehtl oi`e .'ib`t zian miptl i`w la`' :df ciÎazka oeyll dpeekd i`ceea efe

ib`t zia zneg

363

lirl hlaend z` e`x) ilaaay dpynd oial inlyexiay dpynd oia ztlgen ef dpyn.m`zda mdipia ztlgen dilry dibeqd s`e ,(dpynd oeyla68'zipzn' inlyexia

edeyagya[l`x] 'yiedeyag m` la`miebmixeqi`d ziaa' ilaaae ,'mi i eblymixeqi`d ziaa la`l`xyilyxewny wtq oi` ,dibeqd oeyll xy` .'odilr oihgey

.dpyna ezqxb lbxl ilaaa cAEr xy` ,micenlzd ipya epiptl cg`69`ed df ceair.`xnind oeeik seligl m`zend ,xg` weqt z`ad lleke iceqie siwn

dpg xa xa dax mya (miiebe l`xyi oiipra) ef `xnin d`aed micenlzd ipya70

`xen` my zvivg `ll inlyexia `a xq`nd mewn lr jyndd .opgei 'x ly enynueg oezpa' oiiprd zpigan .`cqg 'x mya ilaaa eli`e ,opgei 'x zxnin oial epia,svxa lirl jenqa opgei 'x zxnin lr aqen ,oihgey oi`y ,inlyexiay 'eke 'mlyexil

miiebayoi`lr zaqen `cqg ax zxnin ilaaa eli`e ,'`ey xaic mdit' ,oihgeydyrpy iceqide agxd ceairl jiiy df lk .('`l` epy `l' :xn`e) 'oihgey oi`' ,dpynd

.`xen` my ztqed llekd ,ilaaa71mzq ly oeyl ipnnqa d`a ilaaa `xnind ok`e.cenlzd72

'yexi jeza [...] mlyexil ueg' ef zxbqnaib`t zia znegl ueg' ilaaa dgqep '`aenk ,'dcez ingl' ziibeqa rahedy oepbqd it lr ,'ib`t zia znegn miptl [...]'ib`t zia' gpend .'ib`t zia znegl ueg' < 'milyexi znegl ueg' my .[e] ,lirlyxtzn inlyexiay 'milyexil ueg' .[f] epiptly dibeqa mb jke .'milyexi' silgno`k ,dpde .'ib`t zia znegl ueg' :zgqpn ilaaa dibeqde ,'milyexi znegl ueg'

miptl oixeq`d ziaa df (?did :l"v) `ed m` la`' :l`ppg epiax yexita jk ixdy ,yeaiyk.l`ppg epiax ixac oldl e`x !'ib`t zian

68-712 'nr ,(16 dxrd lirl) oiihyt` ;'epy `l' d"c ,`"r `v migqt ,zetqez e`xlr mye ,713inlyexid ,onxail 'y ;dpynd gqep icr lk oiay dwelgde ilaaay dpyna mixtqd zeqxb

502 'nr ,d"vxz milyexi ,eheytk-.50369zqxbl xy` .ok gipdl jxev oi` ceriz `lly `l` ,l`xyiÎux`a rxi` df seligy gipp `l m`

ceriz e`xe .('wtq oi` k"`' d"c ,713 'nr ,my) xriy oiihyt`y dn e`x ,ilaaay dpynd.mi`pzd zextq zeaihgn my `iady

70280 'nr ,c"lxz okpin ,migqt zkqn ,e ,mixteq iwecwc :e`x '`ped ax xa dax' dqxbd lr,oncixt i"y :e`xe ,b ze`,(jexr cenlz) iyy wxt `rivn `aa ilaa :oipne`d z` xkeyd wxt

.417 'nr ,`"pyz milyexi ,miyexitd71' ,ixn`n e`xmzqe mi`xen`d zexninl aey :"`xen` my da xkfpy dtqed lr dnzz l`"

mixn`n uaew :zaygn zk`ln ,(mikxer) yny '`e zinr '` :jeza ,'ilaad zeibeqa cenlzd-101 'nr ,`"ryz ob znx ,zicenlzd zextqd ly zegztzde dkixr i`yepai"y=] 144

wxei eip ,gqepe akxd ,dpan ipiipra mixwgn zteq` :ilaad cenlzd xwga zeibeq ,oncixt56 'nr ,r"yz milyexie-.[(sqep wlg mye) 135

72.l"pd xn`nd e`x

oncixt dcedi `ny

364

'milyexi' dtilgd dibeqdyk .'milyexi jeza' xn`p mipecipd zexewna dpey`xl`et` dnec .'În miptl' oeyla dtlged 'jeza' zaiz if` ,'zneg' dtiqede ,'ib`t zia'a

.ef dibeqa dpey`xl rahed 'ib`t zia znegn miptl' oeyld rahny

ipy xyrna zext zyic [g]

dxizq uxzl `xnbd d`a (`"r v `rivn `aa) 'xyrne dnexza zeycd zext' ziibeqa`ed s` xaer dl`d zextd z` ziad lra mqg m` odn zg` itl .zeziixa izy oia,i`yxe ,xaer epi` zxg` `ziixa itle (4 dk mixac) 'eyica xey mqgz `l' ly e`ladvxizy xg`l .z`fd d`eazd on elk`i `ly ick zextd z` meqgl ,aiig s` e`itl .xyrn oiipra dxizqd z` uxzl dywia `id ,dnexz oiipra dxizqd z` `xnbd

dvexiz73daih dn .dyecwa elk`le milyexil ezelrdl deevny ipy xyrna xaecn'xle xi`n 'xl zeqgeind zewelg zerc izya ef dl`y xyew cenlzd ?ef dyecw lyoenn' `ed dcedi 'x itl eli`e ,`ed 'deab oenn' ipy xyrny xaeq xi`n 'x :dcedi'xaer oi`' zxne`d `ziixad .dxizqd z` uxzl `xnbd d`a ef zwelgn zxfra .'heicdzekf ea milral oi`e miny oiipw ,'deab oenn ipy xyrn' ,`id xi`n 'x dxtd zniqga,dnqgl eilr `l` ,'dxezd on ezndal elik`dl xeq` `ed deab lyc oeikc' ,zipiipwmilrad ici lr ezlik`e ipy xyrn ly dnlyd ezyecw .'meqgz la'a jka xaer epi`e

.'dnegd ipt d`xyn' ,milyexia `l` mpi`74zext zyic lr ayegy in lk i`ceeaoxeba ef dlert meiw envrl x`zn ,hxta ipy xyrn ly mileaiyae ,llka mileaiyaira `de' :`xnbd dywn z`f lr .milyexia ,ipexir xywda `le ,ziad lra ly

.(`"r v `rivn `aa) 'ib`t zia znegn miptl ycy oebk' :zvxzne ,'!dneg75ok`.milyexi znegn miptl ,epiidc ,'ib`t zia znegn miptl' zniiwzn ef dyic76

ixac .milyexi ly dpevigd dnegl iepik `ed o`k 'ib`t zia zneg'y icnl xexamle` .lirl epecipy ilaad zeibeqay df gpena yeniyd z` mikiynn cenlzd mzq

73.dxyr mizyd dibeqd ,(77 dxrdak) milretd z` xkeyd e`x ,mixg` zexewn itl mbe74.(a"r hi zekn) 'dnegd ipt d`xyn ?eilr oiaiig izni`n ipy xyrn :opgei 'x xn` iq` 'x xn`'

xy` mewna jidl` 'd iptl zlk`e xn`py milyexi znegn miptl eilral lk`p ipy xyrn''ebe my eny okyl xgai.b ,b zekn :e`x .(` ,a irax rhpe ipy xyrn zekld ,m"anx) '

75znegn miptl ycy oebk ?dneg ira `de ,oilaeya enicwdy inc ikide' :dxywda `xnbd oeylmicwnd ,epxeba xki` ly dpenz jl bivn ,mileaiya enicwdy ,oey`xd xe`izd .'ib`t zia

.zexyrn zyxtd ly libxd alyd ,ixk ziiyr iptle dyic iptl eizexyrn zeyxtd z`76opixn`ck ibt zia jez epiidc milyexi znegn miptl `edy oebke' :myl `"ahixd iyeciga

zneg' gpend dfae ,milyexi znegn miptl zniiwzn dyicdy `ed `et` uexizd xwir !'onwlxef` `ed ib`t ziay ,i"yx zhiyl m`zda ,yxtn `"ahixde .exvei zial xfged 'ib`t zia

.milyexi zeneg jeza

ib`t zia zneg

365

zneg') df iehia ueaiy ody ,ilaaay zeiexwidd x`yk `ly .mdipia oiiprn lcad yiyeniy o`k ,mi`xen`d oeyla e` `ziixad oeyla ixewn iehia mewna ('ib`t zia'ib`t zia znegn miptl' oeyld rahny lirl epi`x xak .df iehia ly izxivie i`nvrmiptl' oepbqd xvep my .[f] lirl ,'xg` xear gqtd zhigy' ziibeqa dpey`xl rahp`xnbd lra l`y myn .'milyexi jeza' oeyld z` silgdl ick 'ib`t zia znegn.elyn yeniy ea dyre ,'ib`t zia znegn miptl' ,df gpen (`rivn `aa) epziibeqa.'milyexi ly dwegxd dnegd' e` ,'zipevigd dnegd' oeebd z` `yep gpend eziibeqa,setv ipexir ghy epi` xy`a ,ea yecl ozip cg` cvny mewn `ed ef dnegn miptl

.'milyexi' izkldd xcbd jezae ,zenegd oia `ed dkldd itl ipy cvne77

mi ip ia mekiq

ynn dkldd dze` zxqen dpynd ,(ib`t ziaa=) 'ib`t zia`' zxne` `ztqezdykegl ueg' oepbqazia znegl ueg' oepbqd .milyexi znegl ueg :xexa eyexity ,'dn

('ib`t zia`') mezqd oepbqd z` silgdl ick ilaad ly `ziixaa rahedy 'ib`tixeivd oeyld lr cg` cvn xny ('ib`t zia znegl ueg') df oepbq ,`ztqezaysexivde ,dpynak ,'dneg' xekf` siqed ipy cvne ,('ib`t zia`') `ztqezay innrde'dnegl ueg' `id `id 'ib`t zia`' gpend ly dheytd ezpeeky ,yxtl xen` ycgdopgei 'x zxnin mb .eizecin z` deeyn ilaade .milyexi znegl ueg ,xnelk ,dpynakoicd `ede ,'ib`t zia znegn ueg' ilaaa dppbeq 'milyexi znegl ueg' inlyexiay

oezpa' inlyexid oeyl ,[f] 'oixeq`d zia' ziibeqamlyexil uegoezpa la`jeza'yexii`wc' `ede ,(mdipy oia slgen oicd oeeik zeidl m`zda) ilaaa slgen 'ueg

ib`t zia znegli`w la`miptlib`t zia znegndpey`xl rahed o`k .'' oeyld rahnmiptllr .xewnay 'ueg' ztwyn 'miptl' zaizyk ,'ib`t zia znegn

xewna .'ib`t zia znegn miptl' `xwp milyexi xird jeze ,ycg iehia xvep jk ici,l`xyiÎux` zexewn oepbql dtelgk `l `ad ,izxivi xzei yeniyl micr ep` [g]dnegd on miptl'=) oeeb ztqezl s` ile`e ,cenlzd mzq ly giya byen myk `l`

.('milyexi ly dpevigd

77dxrda) oecipd xeaica epiptl `nye .oldl e`x ,i"yx yexit lr rityd df oeeby xnel aexwea`yy ,xzei xge`n ,ipy `xnb lra `l` ,dlek dibeqa lrty `xnbd lra ixac `l ,(75elek rhwd lre ,df oiipr lr .ycg oeeb ly dnip mdn cg` lkl wiprde ,dibeql uegn zepeyl

td z` xkeyd ,cebi`d cenlz ,oncixt i"y :e`x ,hexhextaon iriay wxt `rivn `aa ,milre,(qetca) milyexi ,cenlzd zepyxtl cebi`d ,xwgnd jxc lr zepyxt mr ilaad cenlzd

.dxyr mizyd dibeqd

oncixt dcedi `ny

366

mipey`xd iyexit

,i"yx yexitn epefip 'ib`t zia zneg'e 'ib`t zia' zl`ya mipiirnd aexy lirl epi`x.mdizeqitz z` avrnde ,mdipeir ly `vend zcewp78miperihd z` xewqp jynda

z` ozipe uaewna dl` i"yx iyexita mcew oiirp mxa .elld mipeird lr miqqeand.mda `vnidl zexen`d 'zexizq'l zrcd

i"yx

oey`xy xyt`e ,el` z` el` mixzeq ib`t zia oiipra i"yx ixacy exird miax minkgjxr) oikxray d`ltd extqa (1799-1719) oilxa wit diryi 'x did df oeriha mlekl

:(ib`t zia

xnel gxkdd i"tr xyt` okle ,lilra d`xp ib`t zia lr eyexita i"yx zexizq dpde

,ibt oiae ib`t oia yi weligc i"yxl l"qc79cg`e milyexi zenegn miptl `edy cg`

.milyexi ly oevigd swid jeza `edy80

.df xaqda wtq lihde biizqd cin envr `edy `l`81

e`x) jexrd lra lr dywdy xg`l .mlyd jexrd xtqa hedew wifgd dxgd eixg`:siqed ,(oldl

metle ib`t zia zln xg` ote`a 'it mewn lka hrnky i"yxit dyw xzei zn`ae

r"aytd n"ra oe`bd ly eaeyii oke ,ezxizq dipiwxtic xbp xae xbp zil `hdix

zial yiy `ed dfa 'd ippgy dne .glvi `l jxr jda [oikxray d`ltd xagn lra=]

milw miycwe gqtd my milke`y mewn [...] dlik` mewn [...] (` ze`xed izy ib`t

78s` ,znieqn dcinae ,lwpxt xwira) mixwegd ipey`x lv` i"yx yexitl zecinvd lr:milyexil e`lqxan ,(jxer) oexin 'b :jeza ,'dpynd xwge lwpxt dixkf' ,ixn`n e`x (oiihyt`

-66 'nr ,g"qyz milyexi ,zebde xwgn iwxt :mipaxl yxcn iza84 ,67-.8579zkiiy ef dyib .oilxa wit i"x ly z`fd dyibd z` xg` oiipra oeic jezn iznbcd xak

zepey zeiernyn it lr zexizq uxzle qtcpd q"yay miaizkl cnvidl mipexg`d ly mziihpl,gPn :zicenlzd zextqa gepine oeyl ixwgn ,oncixt i"y) mipeyd miaizkl eqgiiy,riax gPn ª¨ª¨§¦©

.(248 'nr ,c"ryz milyexi80.'ib`t zia' jxr ,a"r hi ,1859 dpiee e`lqxa ,oikxray d`ltd ,oilxa wit 'i81lka i"yx 'it d"t`e mdl cg` oipr oixcdpqce dheqc `ibeq `dc r"v oiicre' :epeyl dfe

jeza `edy lk .ib`t ia`' :eyexita azk ,`"r dn dheq ,i"yx .'jci`l xzeqd ote`a ediizkeczneg on miptl mewn .ibt zia' :a"r ci oixcdpqae ,'ib`t ia iexw milyexi ly oevigd swid

.dxizq mey z`fa oi`y ,oldl epixaca epiire .'eixac lkl milyexik oecpe ,xird

ib`t zia zneg

367

xd znegl uege dxfrl ueg mrt gped mibt zia `edy ib`t zia z`f xearae mixenge

:ib`t zia' :a"r g"r 'egpn i"yxity dn dfe xird zneg on miptl mrt ziad82ueg

mewn [...] (a [...] oevigd swid jeza `edy lk 'it `"r d"n 'heqle ,'ziad xd znegl

mbe [...] epiax 'ita icin dyw `l eze [...] zifd xda mewn my ok `xwp dide mibt

mrte 'yexi zneg mrt 'ity eze`xa epiax ixg` xxbpy xyt`e md mipekp i"yx ixac

.'yexi zenegl ueg83

ikxev itl yinb enewiny ,'dlik` mewn' :dyely mdy miyexit ipy hedew yxit ixd,mizifd xda mwennd xg` mewne ,(miipy `edy cg` yexit=) zepeyd zekldd

.oncleb `hazd dnec oeyla .dycgd zixaa xkfende84

zia eixac lkle ,dxizq mda oi`y epcnll ieyr i"yx ly eiyexita oeird mle`dnegd' ,eppeyla) zexg`d on zwgexnd milyexi zneg dze` jeza mewn `ed ib`tzeler ekezn wxe ,el eppi` a"r gr zegpnl 'i"yx yexit'y `l` ,('ziyilyd

:el epi`y zegpnl yexitd oke ,i"yx ly eizepeyl dpd .zexkfend 'zexizq'd

(`)ib`t zia`ed mzd ,milyexiay oevig mewn epiid .ueg ib`t zia znegl uegc

`l i`ce mzd ,oilqtp my e`vi m`e ,milw miycw zlik` mewn epi`e ,`ed milyexil

zrya i`w gaf iab e`lc ab lr s` ,i`w dxfr znegl ueg i` la` ,dhigy dil `ycwn

a"r bq migqt) jenqa lr opira `le ,inc xity cner did exiykd mewnae li`ed dgiaf

([e xewn ,lirl]

(a)ib`t zia.milyexia oevig mewn .dil ili irnc,lek`l oixeq`d zia jeza gqtd on

.([f xewn lirl] `"r `v migqt) `ed milyexin miptl `dc

(b)ib`t ziaoeyl `edy il d`xpe ,ib`t zia iexw eilr etiqedy milyexi ly oevig swid .

dzyiag85ziae xeng dpw df :(`"r h) `nw wxt opixn`ck ,frla `"lbpey ,xir ly

.([g xewn lirl] `"r v `rivn `aa) dibt

82,dlik` zia = 'ib`t zia' `ed ,dlik`d mewn `ed ixd ,mipta lek`l miaiig m` ,xnelk .l"vk.'ib`t zia' `ed ,dlik`d mewn `ed ,uega lek`l xzen m`e

83-79 'nr ,(6 dxrd lirl) hed`wl"v igkepd jxray dngk xexa il d`xp k"`e' :miiqe .80ziaibt:s"l`a l"v ibt 'rae [...] mibt zia =ib`texzed dfae ,gkyze w"ece .ib`t zia `edy

.ibt jxra jk lr xfge .'zewtqd lk84.7 dxrd lirl e`x85aexa `ed oke ,'`zyiag' divpe qetcae epivpey qetca .s"ka ,'dzyiak' :miycgd miqetca

lk .ib`t ia`' :`"r dn dheql i"yx yexita mb .dzyiag/`zyiag :eyexit ly cidÎiazkdy d`xp ile .ib`t ia iexw milyexi ly oevigd swid jeza `edyoixewy enk dyiag oeyl `e

xqt` ly y`x zia `"xecichya (`"r h `rivn `aa) ib`t ziae xeng enk xir ly `"lbiv

oncixt dcedi `ny

368

(c)ibt zia.eixac lkl milyexik oecpe ,xird zneg on miptl mewn .o`vn`xnn owf

.([d xewn lirl] a"r ci oixcdpq) ziad xda dzidy ,zifbd zkyll ueg oixcdpql

(d)ib`t ia`oeyl `edy d`xp ile ib`t ia iexw milyexi ly oevigd swid jeza `edy lk .

`"lbiv oixewy enk dyiag86zia `"xecichya (h n"a) ib`t ziae xeng enk xir ly

.([d xewn lirl] `"r dn dheq) ok oixew xqt` ly y`x

(e)ib`t ziaa zexyke,lirl] a"r dv zegpn) uega inp oziit` xaq `wc milyexi lka .

.([c xewn

(f)ib`t zia` zexyke dxfra zexykzegpn) dny oke zg` dneg dxfrd znegl ueg .

.([c xewn lirl] `"r bq87

(g)azkl"f i"yx88dneg dxfrl ueg ibt zia ([c xewn lirl] zexyk d"c ` bq zegpn)

ibt oink dnegl ueg zeptcd zehleae dnega didy lcbn `pixg` `pyil .dny oke zg`

zexyk eid dhilad mewn cr dnegl ueg cre dp`z89'nr ,e wxt ,gxte xeztk xtq)

.(fhw

oeyl qexbl dvxy iny xyt`e .(3 ak ziy`xa) 'exng z` yagie' oeyln `ede ,'ok oixewŸŸi"yx lr .'xir ly dyiag'a iyew d`xy meyn ,xir lr dlind rnyn ayiil ywia 'dyiak',d"lyz milyexi ,ilaad cenlzl eyexita i"yx ly ekxc ,lwpxt dpei azk eppiipra dheqa'ibt zia' :jk z`fa i"yx iyexit zpeeke .hxit `le ,'xteq zeierh my yie' :15 dxrd 131 'nr

.dfkxnn wgexnd xir ly ghyd lr lgd gpen `l` ,mewn my eppi`86.b gtqp ,oldl e`x ea jexkde df frl rnyn lr87.46 dxrd lirl e`x88mixagnd on yie ,'df `vnp `l epiptly i"yxita' :upel n"`x ,xicdnd xird ef dlin lr

i"yx yexita `ed ok mle` .epiptl i"yxa epi`y epiive ,elek xeaicd lr mixacd z` eaqdyifpky` l`lva 'x iptl did la` ,`pixg` `pyild `ed epiptl epi`y dne ,'dny oke' cr epiptlenk ibt ixw dnegl ueg hleay dn `"l a"p' :38 'nr ,a ,zegpnl zvaewn dhiya `aenk`aend it lr ey`x z` milydl yie ,'zexyk eid dhila mewn cr dnegl ueg cre dp`z ibti"kae (421 'nr ,xl'vix belhw) 487 owihe i"ka `pixg` `pyill epyi oke .gxte xeztka

) bxeaxhtRNL Yevr IV 25dxfrl ueg ± ib`t zia` zexiyke dxfra zexiyk' :owihe i"ka .(ue?gl? dnegl ueg zeptcd zehleae dnega ?did? lcbn ib`t zia` `"l .dny oke zg` dneg:bxeaxht i"ka ;'zexiyk eid zehila mewn cre dnegl ueg cr eid dpi`z i?b?`t ?oink?didy lcbn ibt ia` `"l .dny oke zg` dneg zxfrl ueg ibt ia` zexyke dxfra zexiyk'eid [!]zhila mewn cr dnegl ueg cre dp`z ibt oink dnegl ueg zeptcd zehleae dnega

.'zexyk89xg` yexit yiy crzl ick ,oyxtd d`xy `edy lk xewn it lr `pixg` `pyil sqep o`k

zvtd jxc lre ,eyexit zvtd ixg` `vny zexewnn i"yx siqedy zetqed lr .eyexit caln,(jxer) cltpiihy `"v :jeza ,'zexecdne zedbd :cenlzl i"yx iyexit' ,ixn`n e`x ,zetqedd

-147 'nr ,b"pyz obÎznx ,ezxivia mipeir :i"yxoey`x' e` 'izrny `l' zepeyld lre ,174xeaicd m` dl`y mpn` zniiw .l"pd ixn`na e`x ,'`pixg` `pyil' ixg` mi`ad 'izrnye`x) el epi`e i"yxl qgeind ly geehl jiiy `edy e` ,i"yx ly ehrn `vi qtcpa oecipd

ib`t zia zneg

369

(h)ib`t [zia] znegl uegeycw ziad xda eid m` la` ziad xd znegl ueg epiid -

.l"f [axd epxen=] d"n .dxfra oi`y it lr s`dxfrd znegl ueg`e .iedc ab lr s

.([c xewn lirl] a"r gr zegpn) ycw `l ib`t zia znegn miptl90

(i):[c xewn lirl] my i"k i"yx91ib`t zia znegl uegdpevigd znegl ueg .

.milyexia92

(`i)ib`t ziaa zexyke.(a"r dv zegpn) uega inp oziit` xaq `wc ,milyexi lka .

gpen `ed `l` ,mdy lk xtk e` xir lr aqen eppi` 'ib`t zia' myd ,eiyexitl yexitghyd lk lr lgdip evigdoevig mewn') milyexi ly ,eply oecipae ,idylk xir ly

,('milyexiaymiptl= ib`t zia znegnmiptlly xzeia dwegxd dznegn.milyexi93,mgld ly 'exykd mewn' `ed .xac lkl milyexik oecip df 'ib`t zia'

,ixnbl milyexi zenegl uegn eyexit 'ib`t zia znegl ueg' .mingld ziit` ,xnelklr jk z`xwpe ,milyexi ly dpexg`d dnegd `id 'ib`t zia zneg'y oiadl lkep dfnezia ghy .'ib`t zia' ,xen`k ,`xwp df ghyy ,dnegd jeza dl jenqd ghyd myzia' ghya zxzen mingld ziit` .(b) ipy xyrne (a) migqt zlik`l xyk ib`tdf ghya oixcdpq zli`y oi` la` ,(e) xird lka xiyknd ,oerny 'x zrcl 'ib`t`le ,mxeb dxfrd mewn ,xnelk ,'mxeb mewnd' ik ,`xnn owf l`eyd z` zeyrl dleki

.milyexi mewnswid' ,i"yx mda ynzydy miiehiad oia dxizq `evnl ehp mipexg`doevigdly

mewn' znerl 'milyeximiptl,'miptl'l 'oevig' oia dxizq yi eli`k ,'xird zneg ondpexg`d dnegl jenq `ede fkxnd on wgexnd ghy dpeekdy ,oi`e)' o evig '(miptle

mvry xen`k eprh s` !'miptl' mbe 'oevig' mb ixd .'eixac lkl milyexik' `ede ,dpnn,el` z` el` mixzeq eiyexit94zkqnl i"yxl qgeind yexitd on mlrzp m` ,mle`

xkfp `ly otec `vei yexit eae ,`pixg` `pyil z`ad `ny ef zexyt` itl .(46 dxrd lirlqgeind yexitd xagn oyxt eze`l `l` i"yxl epi` df lky riiql dieyr ,i"yx iyexit x`ya

.i"yxl90.el eppi` i"yxl qgeiy df yexity ze`xdl ywap oldl91.i"yxl qgeind ,laewnd yexitd zgzn ,dplie qetca qtced 'i"zk i"yx' yexit92bexaxht i"ke 487 owihe i"ka aezkd yexita dfkeRNLYevr IV 25(95 dxrd oldl e`x)

zipevig znegl ueg ib`t zia znegl ueg [...] df cenray l"f i"yx 'it jlide' :w"nhya oke,[xicdn] oli` c"i ,a±` ,ifpky` l`lva epiaxl zegpn zkqn lr zvaewn dhiy) 'milyexi ly

.(99 'nr ,`"nyz±g"lyz wxa ipa ,a93.81 dxrd lirl e`x ,eixaca e`vny zg` dxizq zltep o`kne94.79 dxrd cil ,lirl

oncixt dcedi `ny

370

cge`n yexitd on dler mdne ,`iltdl mixexa envr i"yx ixeaic ,el epi`y zegpn.aiwre

zegpn zkqna i"yxl qgeind

'i"zk i"yx' mya qtcpa drcd ,i"yx zhiy zxcbda lirlc epixac itl95gr zegpna,mewn lka i"yx iyexitl ixnbl dni`zn a"r96'i"yxl qgein'a my xn`pd eli`e

dppi` 'ib`t zia zneg' ,yexit eze`a ixdy ,miihpze`d i"yx iyexit x`y z` cbep,xg` oyxt ly ezrc efe ,'ziad xd zneg' `id `l` milyexi ly dpevigd dnegd

.i"yx ly `le ,ipenl`97e` elek) zegpn zkqna i"yxl qgeindy miraewl wefig ixd.el eppi` (ezvwn98

95i"yx' :aezk ,iriay wxt yix ,(70 'nr ,[92 dxrd lirl]) ifpky` l`lva 'xl zvaewn dhiyawizrp [xyr cg` wxt=] mgld izy wxt cr wxtd dfn .l"f i"yx 'itn epi` qetcd yexitd dfd`aend z` izwqit .'zetqeza `ed oke cid ixtqa `vnpd l"f i"yx yexit cenre cenr lkadlek zkqnl i"yx my lr qtcpdy rnzyn `ny df weqit itle ,'dfn' zaiz iptl dcewpa ,jkzegpn el`e wxtn' :xn`p 'i"zk i"yx'n ze`aend y`xa ,a"r ar ,dplie qetc `xnba .el epi``vnpy ely q"yd oeilb lr l"vf ifpky` l`lva epiax ly w"ika wzrp mgld izy 't cri"yx 'itn epi` mgld izy cr zegpn el`e wxtn qetca `ed xy` yexitd df l"fe milyexialra ici lr qtcpd z`vedy rnyn df oepbqn .'i"k i"yx oeyl dfe .xg` oyxt ly `ed ,l"f.'i"zk i"yx' epl cxy exeary swid eze` cbpk wx zpeekn izn`d i"yx zwfgn zvaewn dhiy,` ,sl`d ixy xtqa .zexnqn zriaw ick `et` eprvdy eweqitne ep`ady oey`xd oepbqa oi`

a dnly 'x' :aezk ,fhy 'nrar sc on miwxt 'cl i"zkn .epiptly miqetca :(i"yx) wgvi x",aezk ifpky` l`lva 'x ly w"izkay ,'a ar sc my `aene .m`x qetca `"r cv sc cr - 'aly `id zeaiz iy`xa dnizgd .'(.l .y) xg` oyxt ly `ede i"yxl epi` qetcay i"yxityztxv inkg ,onqexb '` :epiire .'`aene' zaiza miligzn eixacy dnece ,l"f onxail y"xbd-216 'nr ,`"qyz milyexi ,zipgexd mzxivi ,xeaivd zbdpda mkxc ,mdizexew :mipey`xda"x zwzrd itÎlr m`x iqetca oezgzd qtcpd' :azk lwpxt dpei .my onqpde 277 dxrde ,217gqepk ep`vn meik .(17 dxrd ,131 'nr ,[85 dxrd lirl] l"pd) 'owize i"kak `ed ,ifpky`

bexaxht i"kae 487 owihe i"ka i"yxRNLYevr IV 25i"yx yexit ly ciÎiazk md el` ..'i"zk i"yx' yexitk mzqxb oecipd geehay `l` ,ef zkqnl zenlya

96.'xird zneg ± ibt zia znegl ueg' :my meyxb epaxl qgeind yexita jke97,[85 dxrd lirl] l"pd) 'xteqÎzerh e` d`iby yi zegpna i"yxl qgeina' :azk lwpxt dpei

,o`k dnly dpgad miyexitd ipy oia oigad lwpxt .epiptly xeaicl oeekzdy ipnec .(131 'nrzegpna miqtcpd i"yx ixeaic z` `iad extq x`ya .10 dxrd 165 'nra ,`"r er scl okeyiy mitcd caln i"yxl `ed qtcend yexitd ,xnelk .mewn lka i"yx ly ekxcl ze`nbeckyi ile`e .d`ad dxrda e`x .`"r cv sc cr a"r ar scn xnelk ,ciÎazk i"yx yexit mda

.46 dxrd lirl e`x ,xzei zvw i"yxl qgeind zeleab z` aigxdl98envr i"yx iyexita xg` mewna oncfn epi`y ,'l"f [axd epxen=] d"n' oeivd ef dpwqnl riiqne

.(cenlzd iqetca mi`ad)

ib`t zia zneg

371

a"r gr zegpn ,'i"yxl qgeind'a"r gr zegpn ,i"k i"yxa"r bq migqt ,i"yx

ib`t ziaepiidmewn

milyexiay oevig

`ed mzd

ib`t [zia] znegl uegepiidib`t zia znegl uegib`t zia znegl uegc

ziad xd znegl uegla`dpevigd znegl ueg`ed milyexil ueg

lr s` eycw ziad xda eid m`milyexia

.l"f d"n dxfra oi`y it

mixzeq i"yx ixacy mipiirnd aex zprh qiqaa cnry `ed i"yxl qgeinay df xeaic.el` z` el`99z` dzeeily dkeand z` xiqdl jxcd z` gzet z`fd dprhd weliq

.ilaad oeyla 'ib`t zia zneg' z`xedeywiay dxizqd z` wlqle ,miizn`d i"yx iyexita dhiyd z` xidadl epglvd'ib`t zia' zedn lr i"yx zhiyn cer xxgzydl epilr la` .eixaca lihdl mixagndzxg` dhiy mihwepd l`ppg epiax iyexit z` bivp .ipweec e` icrlae cigi yexitklr mb xy`) m"anxde jexrd lra iyexit z` deeyp s`e ,i"yx ly efn dketd s`e

.(dxizq zprh eprh eiyexit

l`ppg ep iax

`xnn owf o`vndxnde milyexil ueg `ede ibt zia `xwp mewn ib`t ziaa oixcdpql

.(a"r ci oixcdpq ,l`ppg epiax) odilr

ueg mewn 'it ,ib`t zia znegl ueg `edy oixeq`d ziaa [...] `cqg ax xn`

milyexil100`ed m` la` ,milw miycw my milke` oi`y101miptl oixeq`d ziaa df

99,[6 dxrd lirl]) mlyd jexra ,hed`w jke .oeir jixva xi`yd xbi` r"xl q"yd oeiliba xak,'dlik` mewn' `ed oey`xd xy` ,migpen ipyl (ib`t zia) gpend z` wligy xg`l ,(79 'nr:cin azk z`f lr .dlik` zenewn mdy mipeye miax zenewn lr ef d`xed ligdl ezpeekezneg on miptl mrt ziad xd znegl uege dxfrl ueg mrt gped [...] ib`t zia df xearae'

'egpn i"yxity dn dfe xirdjk xg`e ,'ziad xd znegl ueg [l"vk] ib`t zia [l"vk] a"r gr:eeyde .mewn lka eiyexitl epxcbdy dhiyk ib`t zia z` yxtn mday i"yx ixeaicn `iad

.18 dxrd ,131 'nr ,(85 dxrd lirl) lwpxt100.'milyexi zenegl' :dplie qetc cenlza l`ppg epiax yexita101.'did' :l"vy dnec

oncixt dcedi `ny

372

,l`ppg epiax) dil lik`e mzd `gqt dil opiliirnc xyt`c eilr oihgey ib`t zian

.(`"r `v migqt102

'ib`t zia' oi` .l`ppg epiax zhiya xexa xac ep` mirney xak elld mixeaicd on.'milyexil ueg mewn' `ed `l` ,i"yx zrck ,dizeneg oiae milyexi megz jeza

xn` opgei iax ,mgld ycw `l dnegl uega dngle [...]ibt zia znegl ueg

dcezd gaf lr aixwde' aizke mlyexin wegx `edy my elk`l leki epi`y mewna

`ed ik mgl `la gaf `vnpe `ed wegx ib`t zia znege (12 f `xwie) 'ebe 'zevn zelg

miycw my oilke`y ib`t zia znegn miptl la` ,xg` mewna mglde cg` mewna

zian miptl i`w m` la` ,oixeq`d ziaa yeagd oipra opiqxbck ,inc xity milw

`edy milyexia `ed m` dcezd mgl df mb ok ,lik`e mzdl dil iliirnc xyt` ib`t

bv migqt ,l`ppg epiax) dia `pixw gaf lrc mgld ycw milw miycw zlik` mewn

.(a"r103

mewn' `ed ib`t ziay wx `l ,xnelk .'`ed wegx ib`t zia znege' :l`ppg epiax azkib`t zia zneg' `l` ,'milyexil uegwegxzia zneg'y ezhiyl xazqn o`kn .'`ed

cner df xz`e ,ib`t zia xz`d z` dtiwnd dneg :zilelind dzernynk `id 'ib`t:ikxr qgi zriaw elld mixe`iza mb yi .ynn dil` jenq `le ,milyexin dn wegixamiycw lek`l xzen milyexi zneg oial milyexi len zcnerd ib`t zia zneg ew oia

.milw miycw lek`l xeq` df ewl xarn eli`e ,milw

jexrd xtq

ib`t zia jxr jexra104jxr jexrae ,'milyexi zneg `ed ib`t zia zneg 'it' :aezk:ibt105zia [jx]'ra [xg` yexit=] `"t .mlyexil ueg mewn my 'xit ibt zia zneg'

.'ib`t106xfg ,zeax ze`aen z`ada jix`d mye ,ib`t zia jxra azky dn xg`l

102l`iyeg xa l`ppg epiax iyexit ,xbvn cec zxecdn it lr mi`aen l`ppg epiax iyexit.fvw 'nr ,migqt ;a"ryz±o"yz milyexi ,cenlzl

103epiax yxtny d`xpe .`159 dxrda xicdnd dywdy dn my epiire .dnw±cnw 'nr ,my ,mymewn xiykn epi` z`f lka la` ,dxfra xnelk ,ynn 'jenqa lr' jixvn epi` opgei 'xy l`ppge`x ,milw miycw milke` myy ,ib`t zia znegn miptl ,xnelk ,aexw mewn `l` ,wegx

.165 dxrd ,cnw 'nra xicdnd ixace ,oldl m"anxd ixac eeyde .`ad xeaica104.79 'nr ,a ,(6 dxrd lirl) jexrd xtqa105.290 'nr ,e ,my106'xit' dlind z` iztqed;2870 c"ndia) wxeiÎeip i"k it lr 'ENA 344.(

ib`t zia zneg

373

2 xei`

.miyexitd ipy oia cebipd lr xird s`e ,xg` yexit yxtl ibt jxra dxvwa jexrd lraeixacl ,okezae oepbqa ,mi`zn ('mlyexil ueg mewn my') ibt jxra yexitdy wtq oi`

,l`ppg epiax ly107ly exeaign libxk miae`y jexrd lra ly eiyexit aexy itkez` m`ez ,'milyexi zneg `ed ib`t zia zneg' ib`t zia jxra eyexit .l`ppg epiaxopgei 'x ixaca `a `ede ,'ib`t zia zneg' gpena (epzrc itl) ipey`xd yeniydeli`e ,'milyexi znegl ueg' xn`p inlyexia :lirl epi`xy itk micenlzd oia seligaeppi` 'ib`t zia'y ,i"yx yexit z` lreta m`eze ,'ib`t zia znegl ueg' ilaaa

zneg `ed ib`t zia zneg' okle ,milyexi znegn miptl ghy `l` ,aeyii'milyexi.jexrd xtq xeaiga alzyn miyexitd ltk cvik oeir jixve .i"yx zrcl s`108

m"anx

,ibt zia znegl ueg exn`e edeyxit ,dnegl ueg109la` ,ziad xdl uegn mewn `ede

,ycwzn df ixd dxfrd znegl ueg `edy it lr s`e dxfrl aexw mgld did m`110

107.ib`t zia jxra hedew azk oke108.jexrd xtqa 'lrt' jxre 'qpk' jxr iabl ,(77 dxrd lirl) oncixt :e`x109,'miba zia' :(b ,f zegpn) m"anxl dpynd yexita mdiptly dqxbd z` epiiv daxd mixagn

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שיטת רבנו חננאל

oncixt dcedi `ny

374

,'mgld lr' aezka xn`py it lr s`e111.`wec jenqa `diy 'lr' lka oikixv ep` oi`

`xwp jkitle xifp iwiwxe dcez zelg my oite`y mewn did ibt zia ik izrcl aexwde

`ede ziad xd zaxwa dide (g ,` l`ipc) eizyn oiiae jlnd bazta oeyln ibt zia

oixcdpq xnba x`azpy enk wtq ila el dvegn112b ,f zegpn ,dpynd yexit)

[flw 'nr ,gt`w axd zxecdn].(113

li` mr `ad mgle zecezd zit`l crein didy dxfrl ueg zia ibt zia ik epx`a xak

'nr ,gt`w axd zxecdn] a ,`i zegpn ,dpynd yexit) `xaqa d`xpd itk xifp

.([gpw114

yexita m"anxd ixaca elld zewqtd izyy ddinz dzlred mipiirnd ixaca¦.efl ef zexzeq zeipynd115mewn `ede' :f wxta m"anxd ixacn i`ceea dgnv ef dpad

jeza la` dxfrl ueg ,ewiice ,'dxfrl ueg' :`i wxta xn`pd znerl ,'ziad xdl uegnla` ,dpecipd dkldd ly dgepina mewn lka azk m"anxd .`id `le .ziad xd zneg.opgei 'xk wqte ,yiwl yixe opgei 'x zwelgn z` swiy f wxta .mdipia dxizq oi`zia znegl ueg' xne`d ,opgei 'xe ,'dxfrd znegl ueg' xne` yiwl yixy zeid ,oklexd znegl dxfrd zneg oiay ghya mzwelgn z` myiil xyt` ,eilr wleg ,'ib`t:oerny 'x) `i wxta mb .'ziad xdl uegn mewn `ed' ib`t zia ixdy ,d`lde ziade` dxfra okedyk wx xyk mgld m` `ed weicd ('ib`t ziaa zexiyke dxfra zexyk'

ueg zia ibt zia ik epx`a xak'y raew m"anxd okle .dl dvegn mbdxfrldidy,ziad xdl ueg mb `ed dyrnl la` ,'xifp li` mr `ad mgle zecezd zit`l crein

.f wxta azky itk

zepwqn

oncfnd ,'ib`t zia zneg' gpend on wxe j` zraep 'ib`t zia'l qgia dkeandmi`pz ixaca 'ib`t zia' ixekf` .cala ilaaa116,dycgd zixaay xe`izl mini`zn

eyexita mle` .([8 ` l`ipc] 'eizyn oiiae jlnd bazta oeyln' my eyxit m"anxde) 'iba zia'zkqn ly cid iazk itl ilaad cenlza zixard ,x`iexa 'i :eeyd) 'ibt zia' `vnp ciÎazka

.(318 dxrd ,120 'nr ,a"qyz milyexi ,migqt110.fh ,ai oiycwend ileqt zekld ,m"anx :eeyd111.(13 f `xwie) 'ung mgl zNg lr' :aezkl dpeekde .iaxrd xewna 'mgld lr' `ed okŸ112.([d] xewn) a"r ci oixcdpq113.ezxecdnl gt`w axd ly eizexrda epiir114.11 dxrd ,my epiir .xewnd sexiva gt`w zxecdn115.lirl mi`aend eixace ,42 'nr ,(23 dxrd lirl) lbq :e`x116.llk inlyexia oncfn 'ib`t zia' oi`

ib`t zia zneg

375

zia ly dnewnk xehÎ` z` epiiv mixwegde ,mizifd xda aeyii `ed ib`t ziay.ib`t

zexaq jezn ilaaay df iehia ayiil eywiay mixweg eid ,'ib`t zia zneg'l xy`eaxd cer .cgi zexewnd lk ly aeyiie uexiz jxc ,zeizklde zeixehqid ,zeitxbe`biehiady yi .mipeyd miaizkd jnq lr minrtl ,daxd 'ib`t zia' reawle litkdlmizifd xday 'ib`t zia'y egipdy mixwegd one ,iphyt ote`a qtzp 'ib`t zia zneg'

.ipy zia inia dneg ztwen dziidjexk df gpen lr xe` uitdl ozip eit lry oeirdy epi`x ,z`f znerlze`eeyda

`ziixa/dpyn/`ztqez zeliawn oia - zicenlzd zextqa zeliawn oia zewcwecnzpad jk lr sqepe ,`qib jci`n inlyexide ilaad zeliawn oiae ,`qib cgn ilaaamileblbde ipy ilkl oey`x ilkn dl` mirhw zexarda mda ebdpy dkixrd iyrn

:mi`pzd ixac zlawd z` ztqep mrt o`k bivp .mdn erapy mipeyd

gi ,g zegpn ,`ztqezb ,f zegpn ,dpyna"r gr zegpn ,ilaa

,lcpnxwev zxecdn)(fixt i"k)

(524 'nr

opgei 'xc dizeek `ipz

miptl dcezd z` hgeydmiptA dcFYd z` hgFXd©¥¤©¨¦§¦miptl dcezd z` hgeyd

dngleibt zia`DOglednFgl uEg §©§¨©¨dngleibt zia znegl ueg

mgld ycw `lmgNd Wcw `lŸ¨©©¤¤mgld ycw `l

oeyl zxev eilr cirze) `ztqeza innrÎixewn geqip .md cg` elld zexewnd zyely,('ibt zia`' :zcgein117,'dnegl ueg' ddeab oeylae ilnxet aevira dpyna eit lre

`l` ,`ztqezd `id `id ilaaay `ziixad .'milyexi znegl ueg' heytd dyexityzizkixr dlert ,befin dyrna dpynd oeyll dze` mi`zd ,ekxck ,d`laa `pzyzelert xefgya .ib`t zia znegl ueg = dnegl ueg + ibt zia` :d`vezd .drecizexnl .oirl hlea ddfd ci lr dpeyd ixdy ,opiwiqr zegxet zexryda e`l dl`ipyn zizkldÎzipkez zernyn iepiy ea lihdl daiq oi` ,ycgd iehiad ly enebnb

.eizexewn.`cqg axe opgei 'x ,mi`xen`d myn zenewn ipya ilaaa riten 'ib`t zia zneg'`l dl`d mi`xen`d ipyy zcnln inlyexia zeliawnd zeibeql d`eeydd ,mle`

117`l` ,(jk xaqy in lv` owzl yie) y`xn azken llkk `ztqezl dxekad htyn z` ozep ippi`dkinz xacl yi dni`zn ef dqitz m` ,ef dwica xg`le .etebl dxwn lk zwica ici lr

.(15 dxrd lirl) `zwizr `ztqez ixtq e`x .xazqn jk mdl mby miax mixg` zenewnn

oncixt dcedi `ny

376

ueg' inlyexia xne` opgei 'xy mewna .ilaaay dl` mdizexnin z` mnvra egqipit lr xnel aexw ,'ib`t zia znegn ueg' ilaaa ezxnina egqip ,'milyexi znegn.'ib`t zia znegl ueg [...] opgei 'xc dizeek `ipz' ,lirl jenqa zxkfend `ziixadmikiiy (ilaaa cg`e inlyexia cg`) opgei 'x itay dl` miiehia ipyy wtq oi`e

,zg` zernynle zg` d`xedlly ez`xed z` yxtie inlyexiay ixewnd gqepd `eaidff `l zernynde ,xzei `le ipepbq aevir ,xnelk - ilaaay ycgd ipepbqd aevirdmzq ixac md dl` dligzny d`xn inlyexil `cqg ax zxnin z`eeyd .dnewnn

.xkfpk oepbqd z` eavir mbe ,`xen` my etiqed ilaaae ,inlyexia cenlzdzia' .mi`pzd zvilna 'milyexil uegn' onqnd wdaend mewnd `ed 'ib`t zia'`edy mewnl laewnd iehiad `ed ,daxc` `l` ,dxfrd ly agxend dnegz eppi` 'ib`t

.milyexil uegne ,ziad xdl uegne ,dxfrl uegnzia zneg' lr `l` ,llk 'ib`t zia' aeyiid lr xaec `l ilaaa zeiexwidd aexazneg' xy`n xzei eppi` iyrnd ernyn xy` ,d`laa `pz ycigy oeyl befin ,'ib`tzia aeyiid ly enewin lr dqitz e` ,drc e` ,oic mey xqen epi` `ede ,'milyexiefe llka l"fg oeylay dwixehxa oiirnd ,df wxt .ezaaeqd dneg lr e` ,ib`toeicd z` eeily dxizqd zeyegz z`e dkeand z` wlql ieyr ,hxta ilaaay

.elld zexewna

mixwegl daebz

zvwn ixacl xefgl ie`x ,epizepwqn z` epwqde `yepd z` epaily xg`l ,zrkahqeb :mdn miipya o`k weqrp .dl` zepwqn it lr mdixac z` oegale ,mixwegdoian ,i`xtq l`enye ,ycgd xwgnd zehiya eppiipr ixweg ipey`x oia cnry ,onlc

.mday mipexg`d

onlc

'ib`t zia' xekf` m`d :jk dl`yd z` gqpp onlc ly exwgn xexia z` cwnl ickmieqn wgxna `vnpd ghyd lk z` e` ,mieqn mewn onql crein zicenlzd zextqa`ed 'ib`t zia' mi`pz ixacay wtq oi` ,lirlc epixac itl ?milyexin e` dxfrd onzia' .mi`pzd zvilna 'milyexil uegn' onqnd wdaend mewnd `ede ,mieqn mewnwdaen gpen `ed ,daxc` `l` ,milyexi ly e` dxfrd ly agxend dnegz eppi` 'ib`tilaaa eli`e .milyexil uegne ziad xdl uegn ,dxfrl uegn `edy mewn lk oiivnddnegd' oaena 'ib`t zia zneg' iehiaa ynzydl eligzde e`ay ,yecig ycgzp

ib`t zia zneg

377

'ib`t zia'y ,df zernynÎax lcad lr ecnr `l mixwegd aex .'milyexi z` dtiwndmi`pz ixac lr elihd ,libxke ,cegl ilaaay 'ib`t zia zneg'e ,cegl mi`pzd lyoebk' :`"r v `rivn `aaay df ,oecipae ,ilaaa minieqn mixeaicn ehlwy rnynd z`

ycymiptl`l` oxn` `l' :`"r `v migqtay df oke ,'ib`t zia znegnuegzneglla` ib`t ziamiptl'ib`t zia' ayiil eywiay mdn yie .'eke 'ib`t zia znegn

z` mzpadk ,cv lkl mieqn wgxn milyexin wgexnd mly megzk mi`pzd ixacaydhytzd milyexi zyecw e` dxfrd zyecw minieqn mipiiprly xne`ke ,ilaad ixac

.mixac mze`l milyexi oick epice ,df megzl:azk jke ,ef dyiba liaend did onlc ahqeby ipnec118

In rabbinic literature there are many references to Beth Page. It is

particularly mentioned in connection with exact definitions of the limits119

within which a sacred thing can be prepared or used. In Mishnah Menachoth

xi. 2 the shewbreads and the two Pentecost loaves can be prepared,

according to Rabbi Simeon, in the holy court as well as in Beth Page.

efe ,eizepwqnl gzt o`kne ,zg` dywn zicenlzd zextqd lk ziiyra gzet onlcminieqn mipiiprl leabd dvw `l` ,xz` ib`t zia oi`y ,o`k dpey`x z`aendlr zeknzqdd .a ,`i zegpn zpyna oerny 'x ixac jezn mibcd z`f z` .dklday.myexit epi`y yexit oerny 'x ixacl zelrdl dnxb dxywdn wezipa ef dxvw d`aenoziit`e uega ozkixre ozyil miptd mgl cg`e mgld izy cg`' :dpynd oeyl efxne` oerny iax .mipta mdiyrn lk xne` dcedi iax .zayd z` zegec opi`e mipta'ib`t ziaa zexyke dxfra zexyk miptd mgle mgld izy xnel libx ied mlerl.mled epi` onlc ly eyexity miptl jixv oi` ,lirlc epixac jezn .(a ,`i zegpn)'mipta' wx mixyk miptd mgle mgld izy m`d `ed ef dpyna oeicl cnerd `yepd'xe `nw `pzy myk .llk dxfr mikixv mpi`y ,eyexity ,dxfrl 'uegn' mb e` dxfrdly opicy oerny 'x raew jk ,'uega' ly ecebipk 'mipta' ly avna miaygzn dcedidyixc `ll ,ixnbl uega ,xnelk ,'uega' s` `l` ,'mipta' wx `l epi` elld zeevndzexyk :izvilndÎinnrd gpena raen 'uega' byend .llk milyexi e` dxfr ly

zexyke dxfraib`t ziaami`aen eixacy itke ,dl dvegn oia ,dxfra oia =zia` zexiyk jk dxfra zexiyky jxck miptd mgl zg`e mgld izy zg`' :`ztqeza

118.252 'nr ,(18 dxrd lirl) onlc119ze`aend jynda dnecke 'xef`' mrnyny migpend x`y zybcda oicd `ede ,ilyn dybcdd

.eixacn

oncixt dcedi `ny

378

dxfra zexyky jxck ,xnelk .'ib`t zia` zelqtp jk dxfra zelqtpy jxck ,ib`toi`y ,mewn lka zeleqt eidi jk dxfra zeleqt eidiy jxcke ,dl dvegn zexyk jkjynd 'ib`t zia' oi`e ,milyexi zyecw `le dxfr zyecw `l mikixv dl` mingldxfrd zyecw eli`k onlc ixack `le ,hlgend dcebip `ed `l` ,dl deeye dxfrd

.milyexin ib`t zia wgxnk ,oeeik lka mieqn leab cr dhytzd,zenieqn zeevnl milyexi ly leabd dvw z` bviin 'ib`t zia'y ezqitz jezn

:(my) azk aey

All these references to Beth Page are based on the supposition that it lay

outside the sanctuary proper, beginning apparently where the latter ended.

It lay outside Jerusalem, and there is a reference to a wall which was

supposed to have formed its boundary.120 It must have been a district

situated outside Jerusalem (in any case a suburb, but not a separate unit),

beginning at the border of the sanctuary, i.e. before the eastern wall of

Jerusalem.

ipta mieqn ipexir xz` eppi` ib`t ziay drcd z` mi`pz ixac lr onlc lihn jk) envr‘not a separate unit’zeevn zexyk ea xy` ,milyexil aiaqn xef` `l` ,(

.dxfra e` milyexia zeyridl opicy zenieqn121:edyna znrnernd dxrdd on‘there is a reference to a wall which was supposed to have formed its

boundary’oefip o`ky lilra rnzyn ,ib`t zia leab z` dpiiv xy` dneg ,xnelk ,nlc mle` .'ib`t zia zneg' ly mixekf` ,ea wxe ,ea xy` ,ilaad on onlcywia o

,gi ,g zegpn `ztqezl dptde ,`weec mi`pzd ixacn oeiv o`k cinrdl122,xnelk' :wizr yeaiy eze`ldnegle' mewna 'ibt zia`dnglelr .([e] xewn) !'ibt zia`

.ilaad on `ivedy byenle ilaad oeyll mi`pzd ixac z` cariy jk icionlc z` d`iad milyexil aiaqn reaw wgxna xef`k 'ib`t zia' ly ef dqitzjke ,ib`t zia myd oexfiba zibelelitd ezpwqnl oke ,'qeicx' oaena 'dneg' yxtl

:azk

No wall enclosing the precincts of Jerusalem is to be assumed, so probably

in those rabbinic passages where there is a reference to the wall of Beth

120oldl epiir df oeiv zernyn lr .gi ,g zegpn `ztqezl onlc oiiv ef dlinl dcenvd dxrda.jenqa

121`ed ib`t ziay i"yx zhiya mixkfp ep`xe f``ed i"yx ixacay `l` ,jeza.milyexi zeneg122.120 dxrd lirl e`x

ib`t zia zneg

379

Page,123 the expression arose from the fixed legal term ‘wall’ in regard to

the definition of distance,124 and did not imply that there was an actual wall

surrounding Beth Page. The name of the district has usually been derived

from pag, ‘unripe, juiceless fig,’ although it is generally written with aleph

after the pe. It would be in accordance with its significance if the word were

to be derived from the Latin pagus. Then Beth Page would be = Bet Page

(=pagaiya), ‘the place of the pagi,’ i.e. the country district125 of Jerusalem,

her suburb.126

zneg' gpena .dit lr ilaaay dvilnd z` jted 'dneg' ly ilelind rnynd lehiazneg `id) dnega xaecn ixdy ,iehiaay ilelind ceqid `id 'dneg' zlin 'ib`t zia

.dl`yd jxc rnyn iepiya `ad ceqid `ed 'ib`t zia' eli`e ,(milyexi

i`xtq

l`eny ici lr xn`p xak onlc ly ezhiy lr epilrdy zxewiad on wlg ,ok`.i`xtq127zegpn zpyna i`xtq gzt ,'ef diraa mikexkd miixwird zexewnd' jezn

:dgce ,onlc dyry itk ,day oerny 'x ixac jezn `weece ,` ,`i

e` milyexil zkiiy ib`tÎzia ik epzcnln dpi` dligz dep`ady zegpna dpynd

`id ib`tÎziay `l` ycwnluegmzit`y miptdÎmgle mgld izy jkle dxfrl

uega dxykoia yxtd lk zepaxw dyrna ep`vn `l ik ib`tÎziaa s` zexyk

.dl dvegn s` xyk milyexia ezeyrl xyky dne ,milyexil ueg oiae milyexi128

zwcven ,mi`pzd ixac zeaihgn zexewnd oiipra ,onlc lr i`xtq ly ef zxewiazexewnd oia .ezpwqn lr miwelg lirlc epixac ,ilaaa xn`pl xy` ,mle` .ce`n

123.ilaaa mlek ,ocicl ,xen`k la` ,oiiv `l o`k124.wgxn = 'dneg' eitly 'reaw ihtyn gpen' ep`vn `l `wr `c125.ilyn dybcdd126zia raw eay ,mcewd epeir z` mitilgn o`k onlc ly eixac .253 'nr ,(18 dxrd lirl) onlc

zxg` dxryd s` o`k siqed ecbpke ,myd ly laewnd xaqdd z` uni`e ,mieqn xz` ib`t)G. Dalman, Die Worte Jesu2, Leipzig 1930, p. 54.(127s`) 154 'nr ,(9 dxrd lirl) i`xtq ,'cenll eywia'y mixweg mya dl` zexaq xikfd i`xtq

epiev onlc ly eixac mle` .153 'nr e`xe ,(zxg` izpiiv ok m` `l` ,df cenrl izpeek oldlonlc ixacl dni`zn dlrn i`xtqy drcd .mixg` mixagn ipyl oeiv mnre ,myl 239 dxrda

.dcewpl dcewp128.'milyexi lr ycwnd megz agxed miycw zlik` iabl wx' :i`xtq jiynde .dybcd iztqed

oncixt dcedi `ny

380

znegn miptl ycy') `"r v `rivn `aa md onlc ici lr e`aedy zei`xk i`xtq oiivyoixeq`d zia zxn`c `d ,`cqg ax xn`') `"r `v migqte ,([g xewn lirl] 'ib`t ziaoihgey ib`t zia znegn miptl la` ,ib`t zia znegl ueg `l` oxn` `l mixkpc`aae migqt zkqna ilaaa wx' :i`xtq azk z`f lr .([f xewn lirl] 'envr ipta eilrly mdicia dzid `ly `l` ,milyexi megzk dpic ib`tÎzia ik dxaqd dievn `rivnmipey`xl miaexn miiyw dnxb ef dxizq :dxrda] zipwiic zxeqn laa i`xen`dl` ilaad ixac z` yxity xazqn i`xtq ly epeyln .'[mipexg` ly miwegce

ik dxaqd') envr mizifd xday ib`t zia xz` lr miaqenkib`tÎziamegzk dpic,('milyexi129mizifd xday ib`t zia xz`d ilaad itly orh ,dnec jk ,z`f itlye

ib`t zia xz`l ilaad oeekzd `ly xnel d`xp lirlc epgezip itl .dneg swen didze`ivn lre ,llk mizifd xdayi`xen` ly mdicia dzid `l'y xnel yi ok` z`f

mdizeliawn it lr ilaad ixaca oecl yi epzrcl .llk 'zipwiic zxeqn laa.oecipa ewqry mixwegd lv` dyniy `ly dhiy ,mi`pzd ixac zeaihgae inlyexiaydn s` ,inlyexiay eixacl ilaaa opgei 'x ixace ,`ztqezl `ziixa zlawd lr sqep

:dliawnd it lr yxtzn `cqg ax ly enya `aedy

,e ,g migqt ,inlyexi`"r `v migqt ,ilaa

(548 xeh) `"r el

`l` epy `l `cqg ax 'n`e

oezpamlyexil uegi`wcib`t zia znegl ueg

oezpa la`yexi jeza'i`w la`miptlib`t zia znegn

egihady ink egihad `l 'it`odilr oihgey

mile`y oeyl ipnnq ueni`a ,dkldk dl`d mixywdd z` yxit ilaady rnyn o`kn.zexecd z` jiadl micizr eidy

yeniya ilaad ly ekxc zpad `ed 'ib`t zia zneg' iehiad zpadl gztnddf iehiaa 'milyexi znegl ueg' ,'dnegl ueg' zepeyld ztlgd oecipae ,eizexewna`l .llk zernynd z` zepyl dpeekd oi` df dyrnay ,('ib`t zia znegl ueg')zneg' gpend .el dxeyw e` ib`t zial dcenv ilaad cenlza zxkfend ef 'dneg' dziidcg` ,migqpnd iptl eidy mipey migpen sxvnd dkixr dyrnk mlerl `a 'ib`t ziaokle ,'milyexi zneg' `ed df gpen ly iyrnd orhnd .`ztqeza cg`e ,dpyna mdnixekf`l dxizq meyn 'ib`t zia znegl uegn' ,'ib`t zia znegn miptl' zepeyla oi`

129.'mizifdÎxd lr ,xazqnd itk ,dzidy ,ib`tÎzia' :azk my lirl

ib`t zia zneg

381

xzeia aexwd milyexil uegn aeyiid ,'ib`t zia' myy ,mi`pzd ixaca ib`t ziaxicbn dlilya e` aeiga eyeniye ,'milyexil uegn' byenl dvilne oeiv ynyn ,dil`

.milyexi znegl uegn xeq`d e` xzend z`

ibt zia xtk / ibt xtk :` gtqp

:epipy (211 'nr ,onxail zxecdn) ai ,a mii`lk `ztqeza

did dyrnxtkaibtdxede130.l`rnyi 'x ixack dingp 'x

lw l`eny azk ,('ibt xtk') df xz` iedifa.'`'Bt meid ,dewz gzt zeaiaqa' :oii131 ¤¤:epipy ([557 'nr ,lcpnxwev zxecdn] dpie i"k) d ,` dlirn `ztqeza ,dpde

izzayyk oerny 'x 'n`ib`t zia xtka`aiwr 'x icinlzn cg` cinlz ip`vn

mixacd izivxde iz`ayke dvxed eilr mcd z` wxfpe mirlwl ueg `viy xya il 'n`e

izivxde iz`ae leqtd lr dvxn j`id `ed leqt `lde il exn` lilba ixiag iptl

[...] il 'n`e `aiwr 'x iptl mixacd

zia xtk' z` .'ib`t zia xtk' dlirn `ztqezae ,'ibt xtk' oeyld mii`lk `ztqeza.mizifd xday ib`t zia mr ,'zia' dlind zekfa ,oiilw ddif 'ib`t132z`f mr

lr cnry ohw xtk `l` `ed ib`t zia mvr `l ile` ib`t zia xtk' :azke biizqd.'eci133

130dyrn' :oey`x qetca .my xvwd yexita onxail zxrd e`x .'dxede' :l"ve ,'dcede' :dpie i"kaibt xtka diddyre dcedi.'

131dheytk `ztqez ,eit lr onxaile ;96 'nr ,g"lyz milyexi ,aeyid xtq ,(jxer) oiilw 'y.617 'nr ,mii`lk ,(24 dxrd lirl)

132eid `l dnilyexi m`eaa lilbd iyp`' ;(91 'nr ,my ,oiilw) 'milyexi ci lr ib`t zia=' azke`ed ,ycwd xirl jenqd cg` xtka ezay `l` daxgd xird jeza miayeiib`t zia xtk.

l`xyi ux` ,uiaexed yi` ield a`f l`xyi mb jke .(170 'nr ,my) 'oerny 'x ricen jkib`t zia ,d`xpk `ed mewnd' oke .'zia' zlin `ll mb ,149 'nr ,b"txz dpie ,dizepkyeyeaikl cre `akekÎxa zngln xg`ln :dcedia icedid aeyiid ,uxeey 'i) 'milyexi ciÎlry

-135 iaxrd.(20 dxrd ,210 'nr ,e"nyz milyexi ,dxitql 640133zia mnyy zenewn ipy eidy xazqn' :lbq mb azk jke .171 'nr ,(131 dxrd lirl) oiilw

xtk" mb `xwpd ,xird znegl uegn xg`de ,ziad xd zaxwa ,xird znegl mipta ,cg`d ,ib`t"ib`t zia.(42 'nr ,[23 dxrd lirl]) '

oncixt dcedi `ny

382

mpn` .exaci zeqxbd o`k .ib`t zia xtk ,ib`t zia ,ib`t xtk :ecia dyely ixddfipb i"ka mle` .dpie i"ka 'ib`t zia xtk' dlirn `ztqeza `ed jkG6:134'x 'n`'

izayyk oernyibt ?x?tkaizzayyk oerny iax xn`' :oey`x qetca .'xtkaekrdqxbd z` silgn gikyd 'ekr xtk'yk ,zipiipz dqxb i`ceea `id qetcd zqxb .'

zexiaqd jk .'zia' zlin `ll ,dfipbd ciÎazkak 'ibt xtk' dziidy ,zixewnd'ibt' mewna 'ekr' dtlgdd dziidy xnel aexw 'zia' zlin sexivay iptn ,epzcnln

izkldyk' :dpey ,`"r f dlirn ,ilaaa dliawn `ziixa .zrpnp`bt xtkljke ,',gqepd icr lka el dneca e`135.'zia' qxebd cg` oi`e

/ib`t xtk'e (mizifd xda) 'ib`t zia' mde ,dyely `le ,miaeyii ipy ,o`kn xen`.('`'Bt meid ,dewz gzt zeaiaqa') '`bt136iptl mixacd izivxde iz`ayke' oeyla oi` ¤¤

ixiaglilbadl ick 'mb .lilba did `ly dyrn mwnl ick milyexi ixeext cr wigx:mdl xn`y jka iyew mey oi` dewz gzt ci lry `bt xtka ygxzdy dyrn iabl

ixiag iptl [...] iz`ayke'lilba.'

qibt zia :a gtqp

:zeiexwid rax`a ,migqta 6 okpin i"ka z`vnp 'ib`t zia' myd ly zicegii dxev

zia znegl ueg 'n` opgei 'xqibtzia znegl ueg '` opgei 'x [...]qibtbq migqt)

.(a"r137

,my) eilr oihgey qibt zia znegl miptl la` qibt zia znegl ueg `l` exn` `l

.(`"r `v

134'zi`pzd zextql gqepd icr xve` ,mi`pzd zxez' xz`a e`x df rhw lrhttp://www.biu.

ac.il/JS/tannaim/.(d"ryz zah dpexg`l wcap ;wpit sq` ly eixe`iz)135,cxetqwe`) '`bt xtkl izkldyk' :zeqxbd dl`Opp. 726 [370]izkldyk' ;(119 owihe ;

;(95 okpin i"k) '[ib`t `"b `ipt `"b] `pt xtkl izkldyk' ;(divpe qetc) '[!]ip`t xtkldvpxit i"k) '`bt zpicnl izkldyk' ;(120 owihe i"k) '`ipt xtkl izkldyk'II-I-7.(

136xevwa `edd xacd mr xywa xkfp mewnd my' :uxzl oiilw wgcp l"pd mii`lk `ztqezl xy`,[131 dxrd lirl] l"pd) '(ib`t zia xtkn dfd mewnd z` licadl oi` i`ceea la`) ibt xtk

.(171 'nr137zia znegl ueg' :onizny cidÎiazk ipya epivn ,ef zexwidae iba`c"ndia ,wxei eip) 'Rab.

1623,wxei eip ;Columbia X893 T141:x`iexa lv` dti dxaqed ef driztn dxev .(avgi<afgi<apgi<pgi<pagi.(120 'nr ,[109 dxrd lirl] l"pd)

383

:3 xei`.zexawd xir ztn .milyexi.233 'nr ,`"lyz milyexi ,l`xyi ux`a zeibele`ikx` zexitgl dictelwivp`

ib`t zia zneg

oncixt dcedi `ny

384

mixteq iwecwc lra xirde138.'xag iz`vn `l mdipyle' :(mixywdd ipya dqxbd lr):`"r dn dheql dfipb rhwa df oepbql xag ep`vn zrk

zia` o`vnqib`t139

,wdaen icxtq `ed 6 okpin i"k ly eazk140oepbql eay aizkd z` s` izkiiy xake.'icxtqd' aizkd141mpn` .('qib`t') dfd aizkd ly exewne e`venl oeir jixv cer

zia' myd z` xywl yiy ,mixg` mixweg lv` epnne ,onlc zxryd z` xikfn xacdzipihld dlinl 'ib`tpagus -i […] pagis m.:dzernyn xy` ,‘a village or

country district; a canton; province opp. to the city’.142zizyzd mpn`.epilr zlaewn dppi` ef drcl onlc z` d`iady zipyxtd143

mpexzte 'dyiag ' dlinl miqgiiznd i"yx yexita mifrld :b gtqp144

.mxtqa xhhqnxce miidcpela eazky itk ,md cg` '`"lbpiv' ,'`"lbpey' mifrld145

zepey`xd ze`aend yelyn ('ib`t zia' z` zeyxtnd) dl` ze`aen ewzep df jxra,'qeq ly oqx' yxet oday frld xy` ,jxr eze`a‘sangle (de cheval)’izyl .

zeize`) elld ze`aendd, e,(`rivn `aae dheq) 'ib`t zia'l zeqgiiznd ,(mxtqa

138.w ze` ,185 'nr migqtl139'bcixanwT-S F2 (2).'?q/m?ib`t' :wzred onxail le`y y"r cenlzd xwgl oeknd xb`na .

.zi`ce j"nq dpexg`d ze`d zriawy cnln wcwecn oeir la`140zine`ld diixtqd xz`a df ciÎazk ly azkd oeit` z` owzl yiehttp://web.nli.org.il/sites/

Hebrew/collections/jewish-collection/Talmud/Pages/default.aspx/dpexg`l wcap).(d"ryz zaha

141,(jxer) xy`Îxa 'n :jeza ,'aizk ly dibeletih :ilaad cenlzd ly cid iazk' ,oncixt i"y'nr ,e"pyz milyexi ,bxen dnlyl miyben :micedid zepeylae zixard oeyla mixwgn

-163317 'nr ,zeibeq=] 190-df ciÎazk lr hexhexta e`x .[335] 185 'nr hxtae ,[339miaizkd lr riavd mye ,migqtl dncwdde ,36 'nr ,zekxal mixteq iwecwc zncwd eizepekze

.'dteb' ,'dteq' ,'elt`'142:e`xCh. T. Lewis and Ch. Short, A Latin Dictionary: Founded on Andrews’ Edition

of Freund’s Latin Dictionary, Oxford 1922, p. 1290my ynyn df gpeny epiiv mye ..zecg` mixr ly

143.'zepwqn' ,lirl e`x144.i"yx zhiya oeica lirl e`x 'ibt zia' iehial mifrld lr145A. Darmesteter and D. S. Blondheim, Les gloses françaises dans les commentaires

talmudiques de Raschi, I–II, Paris 1929, p. 20, no. 165, d, e

ib`t zia zneg

385

'xir ly dneg' rnynd z` eraw‘enceinte (de ville)’dwelg m` invrl izxdxd .mixagnl rnzynd z` e` ,dwizrd ziztxvd ly zipeyld ze`ivnd z` ztwyn efhieiw wxn df xaca zerhln iplivd .`xnbd z` yxtl ezpeeka i"yx ixac jezn

)Marc Kiwitt,(146:mpeylk eixac z` `ia`e

Both meanings are well attested in Old French. The primary meaning of

cengle (this is the usual spelling of the word in Latin script) is indeed

‘bridle’, and a secondary meaning (which I would define ‘enclosure’ or

‘enclosed area’) is also relatively well attested. The oldest documentation

quoted by Tobler-Lommatzsch, vol. 2, p. 111, for the secondary meaning is

from mid-twelfth century (Roman d’Eneas), thus not very far from Rashi

chronologically, and it is in general not surprising to find a first attestation

of a word or meaning in Rashi’s commentaries, as there are not many Old

French texts that are older. Therefore I would follow Darmesteter’s and

Blondheim’s interpretation here.

iyy zehiyd zg` zpadl zpiiprn zixyt` jxc zgztp o`knziipaa i"yx lv` dynod df frl zeelnd zeiernyndÎec `weec `ny .eiyexit ixeg`n zecnerd zexaqdmb `yepd ,'dibt zia'l frld it lr ,mgezn ghyk 'ibt zia' yxtl i"yx z` egpdy

.ghy lr dlgd zernyn

146.mdipyl dkxade dcezd .'uiaewqei mdxa` zervn`a

Daniel Schwartz Putty in His Hands: Graetz on Josephus 437

Reuven Gafni Ethnicity, Society and Community in the

Synagogues of Babylonian Jews in the

Center of Jerusalem (1920–1980) 447

List of Contributors 477

Index 479

Shaye Cohen Sabbath Labor Prohibitions in “The Book

of the Laws of Countries” by Bardaisan the

Syrian 169

Yisrael L. Levine The Emergence of the Patriarchate in the

Third Century 183

Yael Wilfand ‘No-one can Avoid this Measure’: Explaining

Poverty among Individuals according to the

Babylonian and Palestinian Talmuds 215

Meir Ben Shahar “When Adar Begins” (B. Ta“anit 29a–b) as

a Foundational Text for Jewish Settlement in

Babylonia 241

C. Studies in Rabbinic Literature

Amram Tropper “On Condition that you Teach me the Entire

Torah while I Stand on One Foot”: The

Inception of a Story 267

Zeev Safrai Rabbinic Parables as an Historical Source 287

Menahem Kister Self-Identity, Polemics and Commentary in

Ancient Jewish Midrash and Christian

Parallels 319

Shamma Yehuda The Beth Page City Walls: Within and

Friedman Without 343

Joshua Schwartz Color and Hair in Rabbinic Literature 387

Daniel Sperber “Two Nations” – Two Proud Ones 401

Eliezer Sariel Between Japheth and Shem: A Chapter in

the History of Gynaecology in Antiquity as

the Key to Understanding Rabbinic

Tradition 409

D. Jews in Antiquity: Modern Perspectives

Hanan Gafni The Image of R. Jeremiah in the Nineteenth

Century Haskalah Literature 419

Table of Contents

Preface 9

Introduction 11

Bibliography: Isaiah M. Gafni 17

A. Babylonia

Aharon Oppenheimer The City of Mahoza in the Talmudic Era× 29

Tal Ilan Woman and Hunger in Babylonia: An

Unknown Version of Aggada in the

Babylonian Talmud, (Ta‘anit 24b) 51

Moshe David Herr A Zoroastrian-Sasanian and a Babylonian

Talmudic “Renaissance” at the Beginning of

the Third Century: Could this be a Mere

Coincidence? 65

Geoffrey Herman The Talmud in its Babylonian Context: Rava

and Bar-Sheshakh: Mani and Mihrshah 79

Yishai Kiel The Halakhic Approach of Monobaz in the

Babylonian Talmud in Light of Zoroastrian

Literature 97

B. The Land of Israel and the Diaspora

David Goodblatt On the Ethnic Terminology in Ancient

Marriage Documents 115

Noah Hacham Oniad Literature: On the Cultural Influence

of the Oniad Settlement in Egypt 131

Albert Baumgarten Celsus and his Jew: Religious, Intellectual,

and Cultural Horizons in the Ancient

Jewish Diaspora 147

Between Babylonia

and the Land of Israel

Studies in Honor of Isaiah M. Gafni

Edited by

Geoffrey Herman • Meir Ben Shahar • Aharon

Oppenheimer

The Zalman Shazar Center for Jewish History

Jerusalem