Marakas-Ch08

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Marakas: Decision Support Systems, 2nd Edition 2003, Prentice-Hall Capter ! - "

Chapter 8: Knowledge Engineering

and Acquisition

Decision Support Systems in the

21st

Century, 2nd

Editionby George M. Maraas


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Maraas: !ecision "upport "yste#s, 2nd Edition $2%%&, 'rentice()all

Chapter 8 ( 2

8-1: The Concept of Knowledge

Data: *acts, #easure#ents or obser+ations

with or without contet

Information: data organi-ed in a #anneruse*ul to a proble# sol+er in #aing

decisions

Knowledge: the application o* instincts, rules

and in*or#ation to guide the actions o* a

decision #aer


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Chapter 8 ( &

Knowledge perspectives

Representation: how nowledge ispresented *or ea#ple, a boo is not

nowledge but a representation o* itProduction: nowledge is a set o* in+entoriesthat can be #anu*actured as well as acquired

States:nowledge is a set o* si hierarchical

states:/. data 2. in*or#ation &. structured in*o

0. insight 1. udg#ent 3. decision


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Chapter 8 ( 0

Knowledge Types

'ri#ary

!escripti+e 4 data, in*or#ation

'rocedural 4 how to do so#ething5easoning 4 policies or rules

"econdary

6inguistic 4 +ocabulary or gra##arAssi#ilati+e 4 per#issible contents

'resentation 4 graphing, #essaging


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Chapter 8 ( 1

8-2: Knowledge Acquisition

for Expert yste!sMost #ethods begin with a #odel o* the tas

*or which the E" is to be built

7n addition, a description o* the do#ain isgenerated

inally, the nowledge engineer uses #odels,

hypotheses and cogniti+e analysis techniques

to elicit the proble#(sol+ing nowledge *ro#

eperts


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Chapter 8 ( 3

"i!ensions of Knowledge Acquisition

KEdri!en: the nowledge engineer interacts

directly with the eperts

E"pertdri!en: the epert encodes his or herepertise directly into the co#puter syste#

#achinedri!en: in*erence engines etract

the nowledge *ro# a set o* ea#ples


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Chapter 8 ( 9

Knowledge Acquisition Techniques

Inter!iewing: two co##on types are

unstructured con+ersational; and structured

using a script;$er%al Protocol &nalysis: a record is #ade as

an epert per*or#s a tas.


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Chapter 8 ( 8

#ultisource Knowledge Acquisition

7t is liely that #ultiple sources will be needed

to *ully acquire the nowledge *or a proble#

and con*licting +iews and opinions o*ten arise.


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Chapter 8 ( >

8-$: %&lid&ting &nd %erifying the

Knowledge '&se?nce nowledge is captured, it #ust bee+aluated *or usability and accuracy.


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Maraas: !ecision "upport "yste#s, 2nd Edition $2%%& 'rentice()all

Chapter 8 ( /%

o!e v&lid&tion !e&sures

Accuracy

Adaptability

Adequacy

readth

!epthace @alidity

Generality

'recision

5ealis#

5eliability

5obustnessBse*ulness

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