Mấy ý kiến về chủ trương hội nhập kinh tế quốc tế của Đảng và Nhà nước

7/31/2019 My kin v ch trng hi nhp kinh t quc t ca ng v Nh nc

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VNH3.TB5.24

MY KIN V CH TRNG HI NHP KINH TQUC T CA NG V NH NC

TS. Phm Vn Khnh

Bo Nhn Dn

t vn

Ch trng hi nhp kinh t quc t, thc hnh ng li i ngoi ha bnh, hungh vi cc quc gia, dn tc trn th gii c Ch tch H Ch Minh nu ra t khithnh lp Chnh ph Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha. Trong qu trnh lnh o cng cuc imi, ng v Nh nc ra ng li mca kinh t, chuyn nn kinh t sang kinh tth trng v hi nhp kinh t quc t. C th ni, tch cc v chng hi nhp kinh tquc t l ch trng ln ca ng v Nh nc ta trong qu trnh lnh o s nghip imi t nc. Thc hin ch trng ny, sau 20 nm i mi, nn kinh t nc ta hinhp su v ton din vo nn kinh t th gii. Tip tc ng li i ngoi rng m, Vn

kin i hi X ca ng nu r: Chng v tch cc hi nhp kinh t quc t theo ltrnh, ph hp vi chin lc pht trin t nc t nay n nm 2010 v tm nhn n nm2020. y mnh hot ng kinh ti ngoi, hi nhp su hn v y hn vi cc thch kinh t ton cu, khu vc v song phng, ly phc v li ch t nc lm mc tiucao nht. Pht huy vai tr ch th v tnh nng ng ca doanh nghip thuc mi thnh

phn kinh t trong hi nhp kinh t quc t. Xc tin mnh thng mi v u t, pht trinth trng mi, sn phm mi v thng hiu mi.

T khi Vit Nam chnh thc l thnh vin T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO)

t ra nhiu vn mi v l lun v thc tin. Bi vit nhm nghin cu v qun trit ttng H Ch Minh, quan im, ch trng ca ng Cng sn Vit Nam v hi nhp kinht quc t, trn c s phn tch thc trng qu trnh hi nhp ca nn kinh t nc tatrong cng cuc i mi v xut mt s gii php gp phn nng cao nhn thc l lun,y mnh tuyn truyn ng li, chnh sch ca ng v hi nhp kinh t.

Ni dung nghin cu bi vit gm:

- Khi lc t tng H Ch Minh v hi nhp v hp tc quc t.

- Thc hin ch trng hi nhp kinh t trong qu trnh i mi.- Mt s gii php to ra nhng iu kin hi nhp v hp tc quc t hiu qu.


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Ni dung v kt qu nghin cu c thc dng lm ti liu tham kho gip xydng chnh sch, lut php, tuyn truyn vng li, chnh sch hi nhp kinh t v gimcc bin php nng cao nng lc cnh tranh ca nn kinh t cng cc doanh nghip hi nhp kinh t quc t hiu qu.

1. Khi lc ttng H Ch Minh v hi nhp v hp tc quc tTrong hnh trnh 30 nm tm ng cu nc, bn ba khp nm chu, bn bin, sng

v hot ng trong phong tro gii phng dn tc v cng nhn quc t, thm nhun chngha Mc - Lnin, qua tri nghim thc tin u tranh cch mng, lnh t Nguyn i Quc- H Ch Minh t nn mng xy dng tnh hu i gia phong tro cch mng v cngnhn quc t, cc dn tc vi ng cng sn, t nc, nhn dn Vit Nam. V nc nm1941, trc tip lnh o cuc u tranh cch mng gii phng dn tc v Tng khi nghathng Tm nm 1945, sng lp nc Vit Nam Dn ch Cng ha, Ch tch H Ch Minh

ch trng thc hnh ng li i ngoi ha bnh, hu ngh v hi nhp vi th gii bo v ch quyn quc gia, kin thit nc nh.

Ngay sau Cch mng thng Tm thnh cng, xut pht t nn kinh t nng nghiplc hu, cng ngh, k thut km pht trin, b kit qu v bc lt ca ch ngha quc,Ch tch H Ch Minh ch trng Vit Nam mrng quan h vi cc nc hc tp,tip thu kinh nghim pht trin kinh t, vn ha, x hi. Trong th gi B trng Ngoi giaoHoa K ngy 1/11/1945, Ch tch H Ch Minh ngh: Nhn danh Hi Vn ha Vit

Nam, ti xin c by t nguyn vng ca Hi c gi mt phi on khong 50 thanhnin Vit Nam sang M vi nh mt mt thit lp nhng mi quan h vn ha thn thitvi thanh nin M, v mt khc xc tin vic tip tc nghin cu v k thut nngnghip cng nh cc lnh vc chuyn mn khc. (H Ch Minh, Ton tp, t4, tr.80)

Quan im ni bt trong hi nhp v hp tc quc t ca H Ch Minh l lm bnvi tt c mi nc dn ch v khng gy th on vi mt ai, th hin t tng ha bnh,hu ngh, cng c li. Mt ln tr li cc nh bo, H Ch Minh ni: C th rng, chngta hoan nghnh nhng ngi Php mun em t bn vo x ta khai thc nhng ngunnguyn liu cha c ai khai thc. C th rng: chng ta s mi nhng nh chuyn mnPhp, cng nh M, Nga hay Tu, n y gip vic cho chng ta trong cuc kin thitquc gia. Theo H Ch Minh, trong iu kin t nc cn ngho th hi nhp, hp tc quct, s gip ca cc nc l mt ngun vn qu cng nh thm vn cho ta. Ta phi khodng ci vn y bi b lc lng ca ta, pht trin kh nng ca ta. Ngi khng bao ginhm ln gia nhng gi tr vn minh ca nhn loi vi nhng xu xa ca ch ngha t bnthc dn. Ch tch H Ch Minh nhn thc r rng, mi thnh tu ca khoa hc k thut,mi ngun lc kinh t, vn ha c to ra u l ti sn chung ca vn minh nhn loi.Do , nc ta phi tch cc hi nhp thng qua cc hnh thc hp tc quc t khai thctt nht mi gi tr ngun lc ca nhn loi nhm lm giu v tng cng sc mnh cho dn

tc, gi vng quyn c lp t do, mu cu hnh phc cho ng bo. Ngay i vi ncPhp tng xm lc nc ta, Ch tch H Ch Minh cng nu r lp trng: C gng lp


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li mi quan h kinh t v vn ha trn nguyn tc bnh ng v hai bn cng c li. Chngta on kt vi nhn dn Php v nhn dn yu chung ha bnh th gii.

Ta v mt nc thuc a mi ginh c lp, li ngho, trong hi nhp, hp tcvi cc nc, bao gicng tim n nhiu iu bt li. Do vy, H Ch Minh i hi hp tc,

quan h quc t phi trn cstht th v cng c li, chng li mi thon dn ti scan thip v thn tnh ln nhau. Ngi khng nh: Vit Nam sn sng cng tc thn thinvi cng dn Php. Nhng ngi Php t bn hay cng nhn, thng gia hay tr thc, nuh mun tht th cng tc vi Vit Nam sc nhn dn Vit Nam hoan nghnh h nhanh em b bn. Song nhn dn Vit Nam kin quyt c tuyt nhng ngi Php qun phit.Trong quan h hp tc vi cc nc, Ch tch H Ch Minh tm mi cch ngn chnnhng tc ng xu, nhng hnh ng li dng hp tc vi phm c lp ch quyn lnh thca Vit Nam. Ngi ni: Nc Vit Nam dn ch cng ha sn sng t quan h thnthin hp tc vi bt k mt nc no trn nguyn tc tn trng s hon chnh v ch quyn

v lnh th ca nhau, khng can thip ni tr ca nhau, bnh ng cng c li v chung sngha bnh. Chng ti tin chc rng s hp tc s c li cho ci bn v c li cho cngcuc ha bnh ton th gii. (H Ch Minh, Ton tp, t8, tr.5)

Quan im tch cc hi nhp, hp tc quc t ca Ch tch H Ch Minh th hin rtrong th ca Ngi gi cho Lin hp quc thng 12/1946: i vi cc nc dn ch,nc Vit Nam sn sng thc thi chnh sch mca v hp tc trong mi lnh vc: a) NcVit Nam ginh s tip nhn thun li cho u t ca cc nh t bn, nh k thut ncngoi trong tt c cc ngnh k ngh ca mnh. b) Nc Vit Nam sn sng m rng cc

cng, sn bay v ng s giao thng cho vic bun bn v qu cnh quc t. c) Nc VitNam chp nhn tham gia mi t chc hp tc kinh t quc t di s lnh o ca Lin hpquc Trong cuc u tranh v nhng quyn thing ling ca mnh, nhn dn Vit Nam cmt nim tin su sc rng h cng chin u cho mt s nghip chung: l s khai thctt p nhng ngun li kinh t v mi t chc c hiu qu cho an ninh Vin ng. (HCh Minh, Ton tp, t4, tr.470)

Ngy nay, trong xu th ton cu ha, pht trin kinh t tri thc, qu trnh i mi nc ta cng i vo chiu su, hi nhp v hp tc quc t c vai tr to ln y mnh CNH,

HH t nc. Quan im ca Ch tch H Ch Minh v hi nhp, hp tc quc t tht s lkim ch nam dn tc ta vt ln sm thot khi i ngho, thc hin dn giu, nc mnh.

2. Thc hin ch trng hi nhp kinh t trong qu trnh i mi

T cui th k 20, ton cu ho kinh t pht trin mnh m, ton din c b rng vchiu su, nh hng su sc ti chnh tr, kinh t, vn ho, x hi cc quc gia, vng lnhth trn ton th gii. Qu trnh ton cu ho trong vng hai thp k qua cho thy cc nc

pht trin u th chng. Cc nc ang pht trin vo v th bng, i sau, thm trc nhng nc b gt ra ngoi l ca ton cu ho. i vi nhng nc kinh t chm vang pht trin, trong qu trnh hi nhp vo ton cu ho, nu khng nm bt c nhngthun li, chi do ton cu ho to ra pht trin th kinh t ngy cng tt li xa hn, b


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l thuc v kinh t, v vn, cng ngh, th trng, trthnh ni b khai thc, bc lt v tinguyn, sc lao ng, l th trng tiu th hng ho, ni mua t cc thit b, cng nghlc hu b thi loi v mi trng b nhim, hu hoi.

Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin, thc hin i mi, nn kinh t nc ta ang

chuyn i t cch hnh chnh bao cp sang cch kinh t th trng nh hng XNCN.Hi nhp, tham gia ton cu ho, nn kinh t Vit Nam ang trong qu trnh gn kt vikinh t khu vc v kinh t th gii trn tt c cc mt nh lu chuyn cc yu t sn xut,mca th trng, xut khu hng ho, xut khu lao ng, thu ht k thut, cng ngh, knng qun l, cc ngun vn u t nc ngoi v u t ra ngoi nc, bun bn thngmi; tham gia vo s phn cng lao ng quc t, gia nhp cc t chc kinh t th gii vkhu vc... gp phn lm thay i ccu, cht lng, tc tng trng ca nn kinh t.

Theo kt quiu tra ca Tng cc Thng k, trong thi gian 10 nm t 1991- 2000,

tng sn phm trong nc tng lin tc qua cc nm vi tc tng trng bnh qun minm 7,56%, ng vo hng cc nn kinh t trong khu vc c tc tng trng cao cathp nin 90. Cc nm 2001 n 2005 vn duy tr mc tng trng xp x 7,5%. cng lkt qu ca qu trnh thc hin hi nhp quc t v m ca th trng trong nc vi

phng chm Vit Nam mun lm bn vi tt c cc nc trong cng ng th gii, phnu v ho bnh, c lp v pht trin.

Chng ta tin hnh hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, m ca th trng trongnc bng nhng bc i v vic lm theo chng trnh, k hoch, ngha l chng chkhng bng. Do , tng bc vt qua thch thc, cn tr v pht huy c li thtrong hi nhp, thu c nhng kt qu quan trng.

M rng th trng xut nhp khu l kt qu trc tip ca qu trnh hi nhp. cbit, Vit Nam khc phc c khng hong th trng do Lin X v cc nc XHCNng u tan v, nh hng ca cuc khng hong kinh t, ti chnh, tin t khu vc chu. Tng mc lu chuyn hng ho xut nhp khu bnh qun mi nm t 14,3 t USD, gp2,5 ln so vi thi k 1981-1990. Ring nm 2000 mc lu chuyn ngoi thng t gn 30t USD, gp 6,5 ln nm 1989. Kim ngch xut khu tng t 2,4 t USD nm 1990 ln 15,1t USD nm 2001 v 15,6 t USD nm 2002. Nm 2004 l 26,5 t USD v cc nm 2005v 2006 xut khu gi tr cao hn nhp khu. Nm 1990 mi c 270 n v trc tip xutkhu do nh nc qun l, nm 2000 c hn 10.000 n v tham gia xut khu thuc mithnh phn kinh t. Quan h quc t c nhng chuyn bin, nu nm 1990 Vit Nam cquan h bun bn (thng mi) vi hn 50 nc v vng lnh th th hin nay ln tihn 170 nc v vng lnh thtt c cc chu lc, cc khi kinh t trn th gii.

C th thy trong qu trnh hi nhp, kinh ti ngoi ca nc ta c bc phttrin, th hin r trn cc phng din:

- Mc tng trng kh cao (gp 2,6 ln tc tng GDP).

- Cc thnh phn kinh t tham gia tch cc.


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- Sn phm cng nghip ch bin chim t l ngy cng cao (63,3%) v sn phmcng nghip ch bin tng bnh qun cao nht (34%).

ng ch l xut khu ca khu vc kinh t c vn u t nc ngoi c ng gphiu qu vo tng trng kim ngch xut khu (chim 37%). Bn cnh , cc doanh nghip

c vn u t nc ngoi cn gp phn thc y cc doanh nghip trong nc phi vn ln,i mi cng ngh, gim chi ph sn xut kinh doanh, nng cao cht lng sn phm, tip cnth trng, cnh tranh lnh mnh, tng bc thc hin hi nhp kinh t th gii.

i vi nhp khu, trong qu trnh hi nhp, nhp khu ca Vit Nam phc v ttmc tiu xut khu v p ng nhu cu thit yu ca sn xut, i sng nhn dn, t liusn xut nhp khu gp phn i mi trang thit b k thut v cng ngh sn xut, ann kinh t nc ta pht trin theo hng y mnh CNH, HH, nht l nng cao nng lccnh tranh cho cc doanh nghip, cht lng hng ho ngy cng tt hn, p ng th hiu

v yu cu th trng ni a v xut khu. Kim ngch nhp khu ca khu vc kinh t cvn u t nc ngoi chim ti gn 20%. y c coi l kt qu quan trng trong qutrnh hi nhp kinh t ca Vit Nam vi th gii v khu vc (tng ng ccu vn u tnc ngoi 18,6%).

Kt qu ca hi nhp v mca th trng trong thi gian qua khng tch ri s lnho ca ng. N bt ngun tng li chnh tr, ng li kinh t v nhng quyt schquan trng ca ng. Vi ng li i mi ton din t nc, pht trin nn kinh t hngho nhiu thnh phn, vn hnh theo c ch th trng theo nh hng XHCN; vi chtrng chng hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, mca th trng ni a; xc nh

pht trin kinh t l nhim v trung tm, ra sc pht huy ni lc, tranh th ngoi lc ymnh CNH, HH t nc pht huy c mi tim nng, kt hp sc mnh dn tc visc mnh thi i. ng Cng sn Vit Nam t chc v lnh o s nghip i mithng li, chnh trn nh l iu kin cbn cho kinh t pht trin. S tng trng cann kinh t, trong s tng trng ca cc ngnh sn xut quan trng l nng nghip, thusn, cng nghip l tin vt cht quyt nh cho sn nh x hi. Kinh t pht trin, xhi n nh, i sng tuyt i a s nhn dn c ci thin v nng cao mt bc l nhnt hng u thu ht u t quc t. Trong bi cnh tnh hnh chnh tr th gii c nhiu

bin ng sau khi h thng x hi ch ngha tan v, nht l sau s kin 11/9 M, chintranh pganixtan v Irc, ch ngha cng quyn ca M honh hnh khp th gii, stranh chp ch quyn cc nc trong khu vc gia tng... Vn gi vng c lp ch quynquc gia, nh hng pht trin t nc theo con ng i ln CNXH, bo m nn ho

bnh bn vng xy dng v pht trin t nc c ngha quyt nh cho hi nhp kinht th gii v khu vc t c kt qu.

Vic th ch ho ng li kinh t ca ng thnh nhng chnh sch ca Nh nc,sa i Hin php v xy dng lut php ca Nh nc to mi trng php l thun li

cho vic gn kt nn kinh t Vit Nam vi kinh t th gii v khu vc. Chnh sch vmca nh nc ta v gi c, hi oi, thu, ngn hng, ti chnh, hi quan, xo bc quyn


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ngoi thng... gp phn kch thch xut khu, tng thu ngoi t, to ra nhng iu kinthun li cho hi nhp kinh t khu vc v quc t.

Gi gn v pht huy bn sc vn ho dn tc l mt trong nhng bi hc kinh nghimtrong tin trnh hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, mca th trng ni a t hiu qu.

Xem xt, nh gi v xy dng chin lc, chng trnh, k hoch hi nhp kinh t quc tv khu vc khng th b qua yu t vn ho dn tc v hiu qu kinh t ca hi nhp, mca th trng khng th khng tnh n vn vn ho dn tc. Gi vng v pht huy bnsc vn ho dn tc trong tin trnh hi nhp c ngha va thc y kinh t ni a phttrin, va c tc dng kch thch thu ht u t nc ngoi trn mt s lnh vc quan trngnh du lch, gio dc, o to v hot ng vn ho. V lu di, cng tin hnh hi nhpkinh t th gii v khu vc, mca th trng ni a ton din v su th vic gi vng,

pht huy bn sc vn ho dn tc Vit Nam cng c v tr, vai tr quan trng trong gi vngc lp, t ch ca quc gia, dn tc. ng thi khng nh v th bn sc ca dn tc trong

qu trnh ton cu ho. Nhng nm qua, chng ta c c bi hc thnh cng v cha thnhcng trong gi gn v pht huy bn sc vn ho dn tc khi thc hin mca v hi nhp.Cuc xm lng v vn ho trong xu th ton cu ho khng t cc quc gia, dn tc gi mcho chng ta nhng suy ngh thc hin hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, mca thtrng. Him ho v mt bn sc vn ho dn tc trong ton cu ho l mt thc tt ra ivi cc nc ang pht trin nh Vit Nam trong khi tin hnh hi nhp v mca. Chng tacn c quan im v phng thc ng x tip thu tinh hoa vn ho trong giao thoa vn hocc dn tc trn th gii khi hi nhp lm giu, nng cao gi tr vn ho Vit Nam.

3. Mt s gii php to ra nhng iu kin hi nhp v hp tc quc t hiu qu

Chin lc pht trin kinh t - x hi mi nm t 2000 - 2010 v tm nhn 2020 ra mc tiu a nc ta thot khi nc ngho trthnh mt nc cng nghip theo hnghin i. Hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc hiu qu l phi gp phn thc hin mc tiuv nh hng nu trn.

Bc sang th k 21, trong thp nin u vn hi nhp kinh t th gii ca VitNam c nh du bng hai s kin quan trng: Mt l Vit Nam v Hoa K k hipnh thng mi song phng. Hai l, cui nm 2006 t chc thnh cng hi ngh APEC vgia nhp WTO, theo Vit Nam tip tc mca th trng hng ho, dch v, xy dng

php lut, xy dng chng trnh hnh ng thc hin cc cam kt, hip nh ca t chcthng mi th gii (WTO) v nhng bin php u t lin quan n thng mi, v sinhdch t, s hu tr tu lin quan n thng mi, tr gi hi quan. Trc , nm 2003 lnm u tin thc hin cc quy nh ca Hip nh u i thu quan Khu vc mu dch tdo ASEAN (CEPT/AFTA). Trong bi cnh ton cu ho kinh t pht trin mnh m v surng, cch mng khoa hc k thut, i mi cng ngh, bng n thng tin v tnh hnhchnh tr th gii c nhng bin ng khn lng, hi nhp c hiu qu, Vit Nam xc

nh phi chng, c bc i ph hp, tn dng thi c thun li, khc phc nhng cntr, kh khn trong tin trnh mca th trng v hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc.


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Trn csd bo s pht trin ca tnh hnh, xut pht t thc tin t nc cn c v tora nhng iu kin cbn tin hnh hi nhp c hiu qu.

Givng mi trng ho bnh, chnh tr - x hi n nh

y l iu kin cbn, tin quyt nht cho hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc ca

nc ta thnh cng. Ngh quyt i hi IX ng cng sn Vit Nam nhn nh: Trong vithp k ti, t c kh nng xy ra chin tranh th gii. Nhng chin tranh cc b, xung tv trang, xung t dn tc, tn gio, chy ua v trang, hot ng can thip lt , khng bcn xy ra nhiu ni vi tnh cht phc tp ngy cng tng. Ho bnh, hp tc v phttrin l xu th ln, phn nh i hi bc xc ca cc quc gia, dn tc... Ton cu ho kinht l mt xu th khch quan, li cun ngy cng nhiu nc tham gia; xu th ny ang bmt s nc pht trin v cc tp on kinh t t bn xuyn quc gia chi phi, cha ngnhiu mu thun, va c mt tch cc, va c mt tiu cc, va c hp tc va c u tranh.

Thc t chnh tr kinh t trn th gii nhng nm u th k 21 cho thy nhn nhca i hi IX l ng n. Mc d ch ngha cng quyn, cc th lc quc hiu chingy chin tranh nhiu ni; xung t v trang, khng b bo lon lt ... xy ra nhiunc, nhiu vng nhng ho bnh, hp tc v pht trin vn l yu cu, i hi bc xc canhiu quc gia, dn tc. i vi nc ta, t gia th k 20 phi tri qua nhiu cuc chintranh gii phng dn tc v bo vt nc th vic gi gn ho bnh lu di v bn vng

pht trin kinh t, mi c iu kin hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc. Do c ho bnhv thc hin i mi, nn kinh t nc ta c bc pht trin vi tc tng trng hn7,5% nm trong cc nm 1990-2000. Nu trc 1990 hng ho khan him, khng hongkinh t- x hi ko di th hin nay c nhiu hng ho tha, phi xut khu mi tiuthc v thc y sn xut trong nc.

Cng vi iu kin t nc ho bnh, chnh tr x hi n nh l iu kin rt cbn pht trin kinh t trong nc, to mi trng thun li thu ht u t nc ngoi. Trongs pht trin ca x hi, cc mu thun trong ni b nhn dn, mu thun gia cc dn tc,cc vng, gia h thng chnh tr v cc tng lp nhn dn l mt thc t khng th phnhn. Vic gii quyt, x l nhng loi mu thun ny khng kho, khng trit d dnn nhng xung t, gy mt n nh chnh tr, trt t x hi. Trong bi cnh chnh tr quct v khu vc din bin ht sc phc tp, cc th lc th ch cch mng Vit Nam vn tmcch kch ng, gy bo lon lt nhng vng m chng ta sh, yu km, nu chngta khng x l ng n s d gy ra nhng xung t chnh tr, x hi lm t nc ri lon,khng che do mt chnh quyn m cn l vn an nguy ca ch. Khi chnh tr, xhi ri ren, kinh t trong nc bnh hng, mt kh nng cnh tranh th khng th hinhp thnh cng. Do , hi nhp kinh t th gii phi bo m gi vng c lp ch quynquc gia, nh hng x hi ch ngha.

i mi v nng cao nhn thc ton din vhi nhp kinh tv WTO

Chng hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc cn c hiu y , ton din vsu sc trong iu kin kinh t Vit Nam cn l nc ngho, chm pht trin ang trong qu


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trnh chuyn i cch qun l t hnh chnh bao cp sang kinh t th trng nh hng xhi ch ngha. Gia nhp cc t chc kinh ta phng, tham gia vo s phn cng lao ngquc t, gn kt nn kinh t ni a vi cc nc trong khu vc v th gii l mt qu trnhva hp tc, va u tranh v phi thc hin nhng quy nh chung ca cc t chc kinh tth gii v lut nh ca cc nc, lut php quc t. Trong qu trnh hi nhp phi chp

nhn cnh tranh quc t ngy cng gay gt. Nhn thc v cnh tranh quc t hin nay cacc cp, cc ngnh, ca cc doanh nghip, thm tr cmt s cquan qun l v hi nhpquc t cn cha ton din v y . Tuyn truyn, gio dc, ph bin v hi nhp kinh tth gii mi ch l bc u, cha u khp v cha kp thi. Do , nhn thc x hi vHip nh thng mi Vit M, v T chc thng mi th gii, v cc t chc ti chnh,

Ngn hng th gii cn s lc. Nhng yu cu ca mca th trng v thu, cc binphp phi thu trong thng mi hng ho, dch v v u t... do cha nhn thc kp thi,y nn chm tr, mt chi gp phn lm cho u t nc ngoi vo Vit Nam gimthiu, hng ho ca ta xut khu b thua thit, gim gi tr.

Hn 11 nm m phn, ngy 7-11-2006, Vit Nam c kt np lm thnh vin th150 ca T chc Thng mi th gii (WTO). Gia nhp WTO nh du bc ngot caVit Nam hi nhp su rng, ton din hn vi nn kinh t th gii. Gia nhp t chcthng mi ln nht th gii trong xu th ton cu ha kinh t, c hi v thch thc anxen, chng ta cn phi suy nghnh th no?

T khi chng ta tin hnh i mi c nhiu cch hiu khc nhau v hi nhp kinht quc t. Qua thc t ca qu trnh hi nhp, k t khi Vit Nam tham gia Khu vc Mu

dch T do ASEAN v k kt Hip nh Thng mi song phng vi Hoa K (BTA) vcc hip nh a phng vi cc t chc khu vc ASEM, APEC, GMS, cng nhm phn gia nhp WTO, chng ta nhn thc ngy cng r hn, hi nhp kinh t quc t l mt qutrnh gn kt nn kinh t Vit Nam vi nn kinh t ton cu. S gn kt ny th hin mclu chuyn hng ha v cc yu t cu thnh lc lng sn xut, t nhn lc, khoa hc cngnghn phng tin sn xut, tiu dng. Nn kinh t Vit Nam khi hi nhp trthnh mt

b phn ca nn kinh t ton cu. iu cng c ngha l cng vi mca th trng nia th ng thi phi xm nhp su rng th trng th gii. Ni mt cch hnh nh, khicha mca th trng th ta mt mnh mt ch, cn khi hi nhp th ta i vo chquc

t. Nu bit pht huy cc li th so snh th hng ha ca ta bn ra c li, gp phn thcy sn xut pht trin, tng trng kinh t, nng cao i sng nhn dn. Ngc li, khng

bit tn dng thi c vt qua nhng ro cn, thch thc th phi gnh chu thua thit,ph thuc kinh t, pht trin chm, kh thot khi cnh ngho.

Tham gia WTO chng ta c iu kin hi nhp su rng vo nn kinh t khu vc vth gii pht trin kinh t, y mnh CNH, HH t nc. Vn c ngha hng ul thng nht nhn thc ca ton x hi. Rng, hi nhp l xu th khch quan, Vit Nammun sm thot khi nc ngho th phi bit kt hp sc mnh dn tc vi sc mnh thi

i trong iu kin lch s mi, chng, tch cc hi nhp nhi hi X ca ng chra l pht huy vai tr ch th v tnh nng ng ca doanh nghip thuc mi thnh phn


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kinh t trong hi nhp kinh t quc t. Mun chng, tch cc hi nhp, khi gia nhpWTO th vic u tin cn lm l nm vng lut chi, l nhng ni dung cbn, ccquy nh cbn ca WTO, nhng cam kt v mca th trng, tiu chun cht lng hngha, nht l v gim thu, d b hng ro phi quan thu, quy tc ng x, lut php Vit

Nam v lut php quc t... Cng cn thy nhng tc ng, nh hng tch cc v c nhng

nh hng, tc ng xu ca qu trnh hi nhp i vi kinh t, x hi, chnh tr, vn ha.Bi v tham gia WTO thun li v kh khn lun ng hnh, tc ng v nh hng lnnhau, do cn xc nh mt thi ng, khng lc quan qu mc vo WTO th s nhanhgiu cng nh khng bi quan, lo lng qu, sthua ngay sn nh. WTO l mt sn chi

bnh ng, mi thnh vin u bnh ng v lut chi, ty tng i tc m c cch chiph hp. S khn ngoan l ch tm ra cch chi chung cng nh cch chi ring vicc i tc cc bn u thng.

i mi v nng cao nhn thc v hi nhp kinh t quc t l mt qu trnh gn lin

vi thc tin tin hnh hi nhp. Xut pht tc im ca nn kinh tang chuyn i cnquan tm nng cao nhn thc v:

Sn xut ra hng ho l bn, xut khu ra th trng quc t v khu vc.

Cnh tranh tng th quc gia, li ch quc gia l quan trng trong hi nhp.

Cc doanh nghip (nh nc, cc thnh phn kinh t) tng cng tm hiu nghincu th trng quc t, khu vc, v cc nh ch, quy tc, nguyn tc, th hiu, tp qun, ccyu cu v k thut, cht lng hng ho.

Cc cquan thng tin i chng phi hp cc cquan hu quan v hi nhp trao ithng tin, ph bin, qun trit n cc tng lp cn b, nhn dn, cc doanh nghip, ccthnh phn kinh t.

a ni dung hi nhp vo chng trnh o to, bi dng cn b, sinh vin cchc vin, nh trng.

C thc gi gn, nng cao, pht huy bn sc vn ho dn tc trong hi nhp, mca.

Cng c, xy dng bi dng tnh cm quc t XHCN trong hi nhp m ca vnng cao thc chng din bin ho bnh, xm lng kinh t.

Pht trin kinh tnhanh v bn vng

V kinh t, Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin, thuc din nc ngho, thu nhp bnhqun u ngi cha vt qu 700 USD/ nm. Dn s thuc loi nc ng dn nhng scmua v nng lc tch lu cho ti u t m rng sn xut rt hn ch. Trong khi , sccnh tranh ca nn kinh t k c th trng ni a cn yu. Lc lng sn xut, nht ltrnh k thut v cng ngh cn yu km. Nng lc v kinh nghim qun l cn trnh

thp, yu km li tn ti dai dng, tm l li, trng chbao cp, bo h ca nh nc(khng ch cc doanh nghip nh nc m c nng dn, cc thnh phn kinh t). Trong xu


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th ton cu ha th c th gii l mt th trng, Vit Nam phi gn kt th trng ni avi th trng th gii, pht trin kinh t th trng. Do vy, vic mca th trng ccdoanh nghip nc ngoi vo lm n to sc p cnh tranh rt ln i vi cc doanh nghipv sn xut hng ha trong nc. ng thi cng to nhng iu kin mi cho cc doanhnghip trong nc pht trin, iu chnh ccu sn xut kinh doanh. Nng cao nng lc cnh

tranh ca nn kinh t, trc ht phi ni n l cc doanh nghip. Phn ln cc doanh nghipca Vit Nam l nh v va, (cui nm 2006 s lng doanh nghip nh nc ch chim3,61% s doanh nghip c nc) trong iu kin nn kinh ttrnh pht trin thp li angtrong qu trnh chuyn i cho nn nng lc cnh tranh yu km. y l thch thc ln nhtm cc doanh nghip trong nc cn c s h trca nh nc v cch, chnh sch nngcao sc cnh tranh, cng c v th doanh nghip th trng ni a. Trc tin l ch trngxy dng, hon thin th ch kinh t th trng cng cc thit ch thc hin ph hp vinhng quy nh ca WTO, cng khai l trnh hi nhp, nht l l trnh v thu, cc cam ktca Vit Nam khi gia nhp WTO. Vic ci cch hnh chnh cn c bc t ph, to ra nhngchuyn bin tht s trong h thng chnh tr, c bit l cc cquan cng quyn, khng chgim thiu phin h m l phc v nhanh, hiu qu cc doanh nghip pht trin. Nh ncxy dng, ban hnh cc chnh sch ln to iu kin hi nhp tm cao v chiu su. Chnghn chnh sch pht trin ngun nhn lc, nht l nhn lc cht lng cao. Hoc chuynquyn qun l, iu hnh cc doanh nghip cho cc hip hi ngnh hng, xy dng cc milin kt gia cc doanh nghip, h trthng tin, to iu kin cho nhau cng pht trin.

Xut pht t nhu cu th trng v cc ngnh, cc lnh vc u tin pht trin, ccdoanh nghip cn c chin lc pht trin trn c s t xc nh li th v kh khn camnh m t chc li sn xut kinh doanh, i mi cng ngh, nng cao trnh qun tr,nng cao nng sut lao ng, cht lng hng ha, xy dng thng hiu v gi ch tntrong quan h kinh doanh vi khch hng. Cc doanh nghip cn nm ly thi chi nhpmi m pht trin nh tm cch tip cn cc i tc v th trng quc t, hp tc cht chvi nhau, chia s kinh nghim, vn, h trthng tin pht huy li th cnh tranh.

Trong tin trnh i mi, chng ta tp trung pht trin kinh t hng mnh sangxut khu. Kt qu thu c rt to ln, gp phn quan trng vo tc tng trng cao cann kinh t hn mi nm qua. hi nhp su, rng hn sau khi gia nhp WTO, chng ta

cn nm bt chi tip cn th trng quc t v hng ha v dch v. Theo ci thinmi trng u t, nng cao hiu quu t, tp trung mi ngun lc pht trin cc ngnhkinh t c li th cnh tranh hng vo xut khu nh ch bin nng lm thy sn, dtmay, giy da (s dng nhiu lao ng), khuyn khch cc mt hng c hm lng cngngh, cht xm cao nhin t, tin hc v ch bin thc phm, dc phm, sm khc phcnhng hn ch ca ccu kinh tang trong qu trnh chuyn dch, cc ngun lc phn tn,cha c s dng c hiu qu, cn nhiu tht thot, lng ph, csh tng kinh t - x hicn yu km.

Trong nhng thp nin u ca th k 21, hi nhp thnh cng, Vit Nam phi vnln thot khi mt nc ngho, kinh t ni a tng trng nhanh v bn vng mi to ra iu


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kin tham gia ton cu ho m khng b thua thit. Cng vi y nhanh cng nghip ho nngnghip, nng thn, thc hin chuyn dch ccu kinh t theo hng hin i, hiu qu cn ynhanh tc c phn ho doanh nghip nh nc. ng thi to iu kin thun li cho kinh tt nhn pht trin pht huy kh nng cnh tranh cho hng ho Vit Nam th trng ni av khu vc v cht lng v chng loi hng ho. u th ca kinh t t nhn (doanh nghip t

nhn) l khng b rng buc bi cc th tc hnh chnh rm r, nng ng trong iu chnhmu m, quy cch sn phm, nm bt nhanh chng nhng chi kinh doanh, linh hot mmdo trong gi c nn c iu kin sn xut, tiu th hng ho th trng ni a v th trngkhu vc, th trng quc t, k c cc th trng mi, th trng ln.

Hin nay, Vit Nam c s dn hn 85 triu ngi, trong vi thp k ti con s s lhn mt trm triu dn. y l ngun lc quan trng nht pht trin t nc. Ngun lccon ngi Vit Nam cn c khai thc, pht huy y nhanh tc tng trng kinh t,

bn vng, hiu qu. Vic pht trin ngun nhn lc p ng yu cu s nghip y mnh

CNH, HH t nc cng to ra iu kin cho hi nhp thng li. Xt trn phng din luchuyn ngi lao ng trn ton cu, vi ngun nhn lc c o to, nhn lc ca ncta c kh nng tham gia trc tip vo cc qa trnh phn cng lao ng quc t ngy cngnhiu v s lng v cao v cht lng.

Xy dng h thng chnh sch ng b, ph hp cc nguyn tc ca cc tchc kinhtquc t

Trong qa trnh i mi, h thng chnh sch ca Nh nc ta c thay i rt cbn phc v nhim v pht trin kinh t, gp phn tng trng kinh t v hi nhp, mcath trng. Song trn thc t h thng chnh sch kinh t ca nc ta cha ng b, cha

ph hp vi nhng nguyn tc ca cc t chc kinh t quc t v khu vc. c bit l hthng chnh sch thu quan v phi thu quan, chnh sch thng mi, xut nhp khu. Tuychin lc pht trin kinh t- x hi 10 nm 2000-2010 c thng qua ti i hi IX vX ca ng nhng vic c th ho thnh cc chnh sch cn chm. Nhiu chnh sch banhnh mang tnh tnh th, chp v. Yu cu xy dng mt l trnh c th vi nhng chnhsch ph hp hin l yu cu bc xc. Mt s chnh sch hin nay khng cn ph hp vithc tin pht trin kinh t ca t nc v cc nguyn tc, quy nh ca cc t chc kinh t

khu vc v th gii nhng ta khng iu chnh kp thi gy cn tr, kh khn, lng tngcho cc gii doanh nghip trong v ngoi nc. Cha kn c nhng chnh sch ban hnhnhng cc quy nh li khng chi tit to ra shhoc vic thc hin tu tin, khng thngnht (chnh sch t ai, chnh sch gi, chnh sch xut khu lao ng...). i mi chnhsch kinh t mt cch ng b v ton din phc v mc tiu tng trng kinh t, ph hpnguyn tc, quy ch ca cc t chc kinh t khu vc v quc t to iu kin thun li hi nhp kinh t hiu qu l yu cu bc thit hin nay.

Hon thin h thng php lut, to mi trng php l thun li cho hi nhp, m

ca th trng


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T nm 1992, sau Hin php c ban hnh, Nh nc ta ban hnh hn 100 Lut,b lut; hng trm php lnh, Nghnh. Nhiu vn bn php quy, hng dn cc vn bnlut, b sung, chi tit ho cc quy phm php lut. Trong nhim k Quc hi Kha XI thng qua 84 lut, b lut v 16 ngh quyt c cha quy phm php lut, 32 php lnh. Tuynhin tnh kh thi cn thp v nng lc thi hnh cn nhiu bt cp, yu km nn hiu qu cc

vn bn php quy hn ch. Tin hnh hi nhp, thc t ca qu trnh tham gia AFTA, APEC,quan h thng mi vi Lin minh chu U (Eu), khu vc t do Bc M (NAFTA); thchin thng mi Vit- M; tin trnh tham gia T chc thng mi th gii (WTO)... Vit

Nam gp mt ro cn ln v lut php do h thng lut php nc ta cn nhiu khc bit sovi nhng nh ch ca cc t chc kinh t, cc quc gia ni trn. Bn cnh , cn c nhngchnh sch, quy ch khng ch khng ph hp m cn vi phm vi nhng nh ch ca cc tchc, quc gia ny v xut nhp khu hng ho, bun bn thng mi (ro cn k thut, tiuchun cht lng, tiu chun v sinh thc phm, tiu chun an ton cho ngi s dng, tiuchun lao ng...). Tham gia ton cu ho, tin hnh hi nhp, chng ta phi chp nhn hthng lut php, cc nh ch ca cc t chc kinh t th gii v cc quc gia m ta k hipnh thng mi song phng. chnh l nhng lut chi chung c th hin trong nhngiu c quc t rt phc tp. y cng l mt thch thc ln i vi Vit Nam v nc taang thc hin chuyn i nn kinh t sang cch kinh t th trng nh hng x hi chngha. Yu cu t ra i vi Vit Nam trong qa trnh chng hi nhp kinh t th gii vkhu vc phi tng bc hon thin h thng lut php (trc mt cn hon thin b lut ut v lut cnh tranh); iu chnh, b sung, xy dng mi nhng chnh sch kinh t, cchqun l kinh t ca nh nc (i vi lnh vc hi nhp) ph hp vi h thng lut php,

cc nh ch ca cc t chc quc t, cc quc gia ta k hip nh thng mi song phng;to mi trng php l vng chc, thng thong, thun li cho cc n v, ngnh kinh t thamgia hi nhp; ng thi bo m gi vng nh hng pht trin ca t nc, gi gn v phthuy, nng cao bn sc vn ho dn tc Vit Nam trong hi nhp.

Xy dng, pht trin h thng giao thng, csh tng kinh t, k thutng b,tin tin

Mt tiu ch quan trng nh gi trnh pht trin ca ton cu ho kinh t v hinhp kinh t th gii ca mt quc gia, vng lnh th l mc lu chuyn ca cc yu t

sn xut bao gm ti nguyn, sc lao ng, k thut, hng ho v tin vn gia cc qucgia, vng lnh th v trn ton th gii. Phng tin, iu kin thc hin s lun chuyn nyl giao thng, csh tng kinh t, k thut...

Vit Nam l nc ang pht trin , tin hnh hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vctrong bi cnh va thot khi cc cuc chin tranh c lit v lu di, do h thng giaothng, csh tng kinh t, k thut rt yu km. Trong khi thu nhp quc dn cn thp,iu kin u t cho ti sn xut v tch lu t ni b nn kinh t cn t th yu cu xydng , pht trin h thng giao thng, csh tng kinh t, k thut li rt ln p ng

yu cu pht trin sn xut, ci thin i sng nhn dn v thc hin hi nhp, mca thtrng, tip nhn u t v lu chuyn cc yu t sn xut trong nc, khu vc v th gii.


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Nh vy, gii quyt mu thun ny to iu kin cho hi nhp kinh t th gii v khuvc, trong thi gian u cn tp trung u t cho kt cu h tng kinh t, k thut, trong h thng giao thng cn c u tin xy dng, pht trin cng vi h thng nng lng vmng li thng tin.

Nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc, trng dng nhn tiNgun lc con ngi l yu t quyt nh nht thc hin hi nhp kinh t th gii

v khu vc. Pht trin v nng cao cht lng ngun lc con ngi gm th lc, tr tu vnhn cch. Tuy nc ta c xp vo hng quc gia c trnh hc vn cao nhng li thiunhng nh qun l gii, nhng nh doanh nghip, thng nhn c ti v nhng ngi laong tinh thng cng vic. So vi nhng nc pht trin, mt s nc trong khu vc thngun nhn lc ca nc ta cn trnh thp km. Theo s liu iu tra ca Tng ccthng k, nc ta hin c hn 50 triu ngi t 15 tui trln nhng t l qua o to ngh

nghip v chuyn mn k thut rt thp. S ngi tui t 13 trln ch c gn 8% co to, trong 2,3% l cng nhn k thut v nhn vin nghip v; 2,8% c trnh trung hc chuyn nghip; 0,7% cao ng v 1,7% i hc, 0,1% c trnh trn i hc (kc gio vin v thy thuc l hai ngnh t l qua o to cao nht). Ccu o to li bthp l: i hc v trn i hc l 1; Trung hc chuyn nghip l 1,13 v cng nhn k thutl 0,92 (th gi l 1- 4- 10). Do , tnh trng tha thy, thiu th trong nn kinh t ngycng trm trng. Sinh vin ra trng khng c vic lm ngy cng nhiu, song cc khu cngnghip, cc doanh nghip u t nc ngoi li khng tuyn chn c cng nhn kthut v thc tay ngh, chuyn gia v cc nh qun l ti nng.

Thi k t 2000 n 2020 kinh t nc ta trong giai on y mnh CNH, HHtrong xu th ton cu ho kinh t, khoa hc cng ngh pht trin, kinh t tri thc ngy cngc vai tr to ln. Yu cu v ngun nhn lc c o to c cht lng ngy cng cao lrt bc thit v cht lng lao ng l yu t quan trng hng u m cc doanh nghipquan tm ch khng phi s lng lao ng tp trung khai thc trc y.

nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc v nc ta c th chng hi nhp kinh tth gii v khu vc c hiu qu ch c gii php va cbn, va cp bch l pht trin , imi, nng cao cht lng gio dc o to mt cch ton din, gn kt gio dc v o tovi nghin cu khoa hc, cng ngh v bm st, thm tr i trc mt bc yu cu phttrin kinh tt nc. Trong ch trng hai lnh vc l m rng o to cng nhn, kthut vin, nhn vin nghip v v o to i hc, trn i hc. i mi phng php dyv hc, pht huy t duy sng to v nng lc to to ca ngi hc. i mi chngtrnh o to i hc, trung hc chuyn nghip v dy ngh thit thc, hin i. Cn quantm vic trang b kin thc tin hc, ngoi ng cho hc sinh, sinh vin v l nhng cngc c th tip cn nhanh vi x hi, th gii, tham gia vo qu trnh hi nhp kinh t mtcch nhanh chng v hiu qu. i vo kinh t tri thc, hi nhp, tham gia ton cu ho kinh

t, trong vi ba thp ku ca th k 21, Vit Nam phi xy dng mt chin lc tng thquc gia v chng trnh hnh ng c th vi mi v nng cao cht lng gio dc, oto. Trn csnng cao dn tr m pht trin, nng cao cht lng ngun nhn lc y


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mnh CNH, HH t nc, tin hnh hi nhp kinh t th gii. c bit cn c nhng cch, chnh sch thu ht v s dng nhn ti ngi Vit v nhn ti quc t.

y mnh ci cch hnh chnh lnh vc kinh thi nhp

Quan liu, ca quyn, tham nhng, thiu trch nhim, v li, km thc k lut, yu

v nng lc, kin thc ca h thng hnh chnh t Trung ng n a phng l nhng cntrrt ln i vi tin trnh hi nhp kinh t ca nc ta vi khu vc v th gii. Do , ymnh ci cch hnh chnh lnh vc kinh t hi nhp phi t ra thng xuyn v lm thngxuyn, khng ch phi c quyt tm m iu quan trng l xy dng b my c ch vnhnh, i ng cn b, cng chc. Trong lnh vc qun l kinh t hi nhp cn quy nh rrng, minh bch cc th tc hnh chnh. c bit l trch nhim c th ca cquan qun l,trch nhim c nhn ca cn b cng chc mi cp, mi ngnh, mi khu. n gin hocc th tc hnh chnh to iu kin d dng, thun li cho kinh t hi nhp. Cng vi vic

xy dng h thng lut php hon chnh, nht qun, ph hp lut php v thng l quc t,h thng hnh chnh vn hnh tri chy, sun s th cn xy dng, o to bi dng ing cn b, cng chc thnh tho cng vic, tinh thng ngh nghip, tn tu v trong sch.

Khuyn khch u tra nc ngoi, gn kt ton din nn kinh tquc gia vi kinhtthgii

Tp ch Nghin cu vn quc t s thng 6/2001 ca Vin nghin cu vn quc t Trung Quc nu nhn xt, trong s pht trin ca ton cu ho kinh t, cc nc

pht trin thi hnh chnh sch bun bn v u t quc t ngy cng c xu hng nghing

v li ch ca h. Do dn s lm vic ca cc nc pht trin hng nm s gim 1% sau nm2010 nn d tr v u t ton th gii s suy gim v lm s pht trin kinh t cc nc

pht trin chm li. Cng ty t vn u t ton cu Lander cho rng, kinh t ton cupht trin thnh cng th vn quan trng l to ra nhng iu kin thun li hng ho,tin vn v lao ng, k thut c t do lu chuyn xuyn quc gia.

Mt c im ln na trong qu trnh ton cu ho kinh t hin nay l s lu chuyncc yu t sn xut rt khng ng u trn ton th gii v c xu hng ngy cng gia tng.

Chng hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, mt mt nc ta mca th trng thu ht vn, k thut, k nng qun l t bn ngoi; kt hp vi sc mnh kinh t ni a pht trin kinh t nhanh, bn vng, hiu qu; mt khc chng ta cng phi xut khuton din t hng ho n cc yu t ca sn xut, gn kt cht ch nn kinh t ni a vinn kinh t th gii khu vc v tham gia vo s phn cng lao ng quc t, gia nhp cc tchc kinh ta phng.

Ngay t nhng thp nin u ca th k 21, Nh nc ta cn c chnh sch khuynkhch u t ra nc ngoi, to hnh lang php l thng thong cc thnh phn kinh t,

cc doanh nghip, cc ch th kinh t l ngi Vit Nam tm hiu th trng khu vc v thgii, pht huy li th so snh ca Vit Nam u t ra nc ngoi. Trong qu trnh hinhp kinh t th gii v khu vc, cn nghin cu nhng c im mi ca qu trnh ton


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cu ho th trng cc nc trong khu vc v trn th gii c nhng ng x kp thi,nm c chi xut khu hng ho, xut khu lao ng, thc hin c hiu qu vic gnkt cc yu t sn xut ca nn kinh t ni a vi nn kinh t th gii v cc t chc kinh ta phng. ng thi nng cao nng lc cnh tranh tng th quc gia ca nn kinh t, v lich quc gia dn tc khng v hi nhp, mca m li ph thuc v thua thit.

Nng cao hiu qu v nng lc cnh tranh ca nn kinh t

Hiu qu ca nn kinh t l chi ph thp m t c kt qu cao. i vi nc ta,vic duy tr tc tng trng 7,5% nm lin tc trong thi gian thp nin cui th k 20 vnhiu nm sau ny mi c tha nc ta thot khi tnh trng nc ngho v thc hinc mc tiu cbn trthnh nc cng nghip vo 2020. duy tr tc tng trngkinh t cao v bn vng, phi pht huy cao ni lc, ng thi kt hp s dng hiu qungoi lc. Ngha l nng cao hiu qu vic s dng cc ngun lc, cc ngun vn, pht huy

nhng tim nng, li th ca nn kinh t, sc mnh tng hp ca cc thnh phn kinh t.Ch c nng cao hiu qu nn kinh t mi tng cng nng lc cnh tranh. Nng lc

cnh tranh ca nn kinh t khi thc hin hi nhp v m ca trong iu kin kinh t thtrng, ton cu ho kinh t th hin tng mt hng, cc loi dch v, mi doanh nghipv tng th quc gia. Cn c nhng bin php khc phc cng sm cng tt nhng yu kmca cc doanh nghip Vit Nam v cc cquan qun l trong qu trnh hi nhp lm gimnng lc cnh tranh ca nn kinh t nh mu m hng ho n iu, gian ln thng mi,cht lng sn phm hng ha khng m bo chun v sinh, an ton cho ngi tiu dng,cht lng lao ng thp, nhng nhiu, tham nhng, chi ph u t qu cao. c bit cngim chi ph cho cc loi dch v m hin nay so vi cc nc l qu cao. Chng hn ccin thoi cao gp by ln Singapore, cao gp hai ln so vi Thi Lan v hai ln so viTrung Quc. V ph gi container cao gp ba ln Trung Quc; cao hn Thi Lan t 20%n 40%....

Hiu qu kinh t thp, nng lc cnh tranh yu li cng yu i s dn n thmbi ngay trn th trng ni a, khng th hi nhp kt qu. y l mt thc t khch quantrong nhng nm mca th trng, hi nhp kinh t th gii va qua. C th khng nhrng: Nng cao hiu qu v nng lc cnh tranh ca ton b nn kinh t quc gia l nhn tquyt nh nht cho hi nhp kinh t th gii v khu vc thnh cng.

Nhng iu kin cbn trn y hi nhp kinh t c hiu qu va l khch quan,va l ch quan. C nhng iu kin do thc tin qu trnh pht trin kinh t x hi, chnhtr th gii v trong nc m c, cng c nhng iu kin phi do chng ta to ra v kt hpgia ci khch quan v ci ch quan. cng l bin chng ca qu trnh lch s pht trinhi nhp nn kinh t Vit Nam vi kinh t quc t.

Kt lun

Nm 2007 c hai s kin nh du v th mi ca Vit Nam trong hi nhp kinh tquc t v quan hi ngoi: Nc ta trthnh thnh vin WTO v y vin khng thng


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trc Hi ng bo an Lin hp quc. l kt qu ca ng li i mi, mca, hi nhpkinh t quc t v i ngoi rng m. Song, gia nhp WTO nc ta cng gp nhng khkhn cn tip tc nghin cu, tm nguyn nhn v li gii, v sao:

Hng ha nng, hi sn xut khu ca Vit Nam cht lng khng ng u, v sinh

an ton thc phm cha bo m, thng hiu cha c uy tn, nguy cmt th trng c d bo? Lm g v lm th no nng dn Vit Nam tham gia hi nhp kinh t quct khng b thua thit, bo m an ninh lng thc quc gia v nng cao mc sng nginng dn.

Xut khu lao ng ca nc ta ch yu l nhn lc trnh thp v nhp khu laong l nhn lc c k thut, trnh cao. Nhn lc cht lng cao, c o to v c knng ngh nghip, chuyn mn rt thiu, khng p ng nhu cu pht trin kinh t. Giodc, o to, dy ngh nh th no pht trin ngun nhn lc p ng yu cu hi nhp?

Chnh sch g gn kt th trng ni a v th trng quc t m pht huy c nilc ca nn kinh t, li th so snh va kinh t, sn phm hng ha v ngun nhn lc conngi Vit Nam? Thu ht u t nc ngoi ngy cng gia tng nhng cng nhn lao ngtrong khu vc ny li biu tnh rng khp! Cn c nhng chnh sch no xy dng, bo v,

pht trin giai cp cng nhn, ngi lao ng trong qu trnh hi nhp v CNH, HH.

Nhng vn mi v nhng kh khn sau khi Vit Nam gia nhp WTO cn c snghin cu v phi hp ca nhiu cquan, nghin cu ban u ny kt qut c cnhn ch, cn c thc tin kim nghim.

TI LIU THAM KHO

1. Vn kinng Cng sn Vit Nam cc i hi 6, 7, 8, 9, 10.

2.H Ch Minh, Ton tp, cc tp 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12.

3. Vit Nam 20 nm i mi,Nxb Chnh tr Quc gia, H.2006.

4. GS Ng Qu Tng,Kinh ttri thc, xu thmi ca x hi thk 21,Nxb Chnh tr Qucgia, H.2000.

5. GS Trn Nhm (ch bin), C mt Vit Nam nhth-i mi v pht trin,Nxb Chnhtr Quc gia, H.1997.


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SOME IDEAS ON ADVOCACY OF INTERNATIONALECONOMIC INTEGRATION BY THE COMMUNIST PARTY AND

STATE OF VIETNAM

It is President Ho Chi Minh who had raised advocacy of international economicintegration and implementation of the line of friendly and peaceful foreign relations with allnations and countries in the world right after the establishment of the Government of theDemocratic Republic of Vietnam. In the process of leading the renewal cause, theCommunist Party and the State of Vietnam have worked out the line on open-dooreconomy, shifting the economy to the market economy and implementing the internationaleconomic integration. It is the great advocacy of the Party and the State to take active action

and the initiative in the process of leading the countrys renewal. As a result, after twentyyears of renewal, Vietnams economy has made comprehensive and deeper integration intothe worlds economy. To continue the open-door policy, the document of the Tenth

National Congress of the Party points out: Take the initiative and be active in theinternational economic integration in accordance with the roadmap in conformity with thecountrys development strategy from now to 2010 and the 2020 vision. Enhance the foreignrelations economy, integrate in a more comprehensive and deeper manner with all theglobal, regional and bilateral economic institutions, taking the service of national interestsas the primary objective. Promote the role of the subject and dynamism of businesses of allthe economic sectors in the international economic integration. Promote more vigorouslytrade and investment, develop new market, new products and new trade names.

A lot of new issues have been raised theoritically and practically sinceVietnams joining WTO. This subject aims to study and grasp Ho Chi Minh Thought, theview points and policies of the Communist Party of Vietnam on the international economicintegration, and on that basis, analyse the actual situation in the process of integration ofVietnamese economy in the renewal and hold out a number of solutions to make acontribution to raising the theoritical awareness and pushing ahead the dissemination of the

line and policy of the Party on economic integration.

The content of the research subject includes:

I/ A summary of Ho Chi Minh Thought on integration and international co-operation.

II/ Implementation of advocacy of economic integration in the process ofrenewal.

III/ A number of solutions that help create conditions for effectiveinternatioanl integration and co-operation.


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The content and the results of the research work can be used as a reference tomake policy and law, disseminate the line and policy of the economic integration andsuggest the measures to raise the competitive capacity of the economy in order to togetherwith businesses to make a more effective international economic integration.

I

A SUMMARY OF HO CHI MINH THOUGHT ON

INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION AND CO-OPERATION

On his 30-year long journey in search of the path for national salvation, through thefive continents and the four oceans, leader Nguyen Ai Quoc-Ho Chi Minh who lived andworked in the national liberation movement and the international workers movement,

penetated with Marxism-Leninism, experienced through the actuality of the revolutionarystruggle, had laid the foundation for the building of good friendship between therevolutionary movement and the international workers movement, between nations and theCommunist Party, between the country and the people of Vietnam. Having returned to his

homeland in 1941, President Ho Chi Minh who directly led the revolutionary struggle fornational liberation and the August 1945 General Uprising and established the DemocraticRepublic of Vietnam advocated to implement the foreign policy of peace, friendship andintegration with the world for the defence of national sovereignty and for nationalconstruction.

Right after the successful August revolution, stemming from a backwardagricutlrual economy, a less developed techonolgy and techniques and being utterly

exhausted by the exploitation of imperialism, President Ho Chi Minh advocated thatVietnam should open its relations with the outside world so that it could learn and take stock


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of experience in social, cultural and economic development. In his letter dated i Janaury1945 to the US Foreign Secretary, President Ho Chi Minh proposed: In the name of theCultural Association of Vietnam, I would like to express the Associations wish to send amission of about 50 Vietnamese young people to the US with the aim on the one hand ofestablishing the friendly cultural relations with the American young people, and on the other

hand of promoting the continutity of studying the agricultural techniques as well as otherprofessional areas (Ho Chi Minh, Complete works, T4, P. 80).

The prominent viewpoint of Ho Chi Minhs international integration and co-operation is to befriend all the democratic countries and make no enemies with anyone,reflecting the ideas of peace, friendship and mutual benefits. Ho Chi Minh once said in aninterview with a reporter: It can be said that we welcome the French who want to bring itscapitalism to our country to exploit all the material resources which have never beenexploited before. It can be said that we will invite the French as well as American, Russian

or Chinese specialists to come here to help us in the national construction. According HoChi Minh, in the condition that Vietnam was still a poor country, international integrationand co-operation and the assistance of foreign countries can be served as a valuable resourceof capital and an additional capital for us. So we should skilfully use that capital tostrengthen our forces and develop our capabilities. He had never been mistaken between thevalues of civilisation of human kind and the evils of colonialism and capitalism. PresidentHo Chi Minh was highly conscious that all the scientific and technical achievements, all theeconomic and cultural resources already created should belong to the common treasure ofcivilisation of human kind. Vietnam should therefore be active in its integration through theforms of international co-operation to exploit to the best all the values of resources ofhuman kind in order to enrich and beef up the strength for the nation, maintain itsindependence and freedom, and pursue happiness for the compatriots. Even as far as Francewho had invaded Vietnam is concerned, President Ho Chi Minh also made his viewpointclear: Efforts should made to re-establish the economic and cultural relations in the principleof equality and mutual benefits. We unite with the French people and the peace-loving

people in the world.

From a position of a colonial country which had just regained independence

and a poor country as well, there must be many hidden disadvantages once we startintegration and co-operation with foreign countries. For this reason, Ho Chi Minh demandedthat international co-operation and relations should be based on honesty and mutual interestsand he was against all the ploys that could lead to intervention and annexation. Hereaffirmed: Vietnam is ready to have friendly co-operation with French citizens. All theFrench capitalists or workers, businessmen or intellectuals, if they are honest in having co-operation with Vietnam, will be welcomed by the Vietnamese people as friends and

brothers. However, the Vietnamese people will resolutely repudiate the French militarists.

In the relations and co-operation with foreign countries, President Ho Chi Minh had foundall ways and means to stop all the adverse impacts, all the actions that took advantage of co-operation to violate independence and territorial sovereignty of Vietnam. He said: The


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Democratic Republic of Vietnam is ready to set up the friendly relations and co-operationwith any country on the principle of mutual respect of the completeness of sovereignty andterritories, without intereference in internal affairs, equality and mutual benefits and

peaceful co-existence. We believe that this co-operation will be beneficial for both sides andfor peace in the whole world. (Ho Chi Minh, Complete works, T 8, P. 5).

President Ho Chi Minhs active viewpoint on international integration and co-operation was clearly reflected in his letter to the United Nations Organisation (UNO) inDecember 1946: As for democratic countries, Vietnam is ready to materialise its open-doorand co-operation policy in all fields: a/ Vietnam reserves all favourable conditions to receiveinvestment of the foreign capitalists and technicians and all of their technologies. b/Vietnam is ready to open wide its sea ports, air ports and communication roads for trade andinternational transit. c/ Vietnam accepts to join all the international economic co-operationorganisations under the UNOs leadership.... In the struggle for their sacred interests, the

Vietnamese people have a profound belief that they are also fighting for the common cause:It is to exploit satisfactorily all the economic sources and all organisations just for theeffectiveness of security in the Far East (Ho Chi Minh, Complete works, T4, P.470).

Nowadays in the tendency of globalisation, the development of theknowledge-based economy, the process of Vietnams renewal has gone ever deeperinternational integration and co-operation plays a great role in the national industrialisationand modernisation. President Ho Chi Minhs viewpoint on international integration and co-operation is really the lodestar for the nation to strive to get out of hunger and poverty and

implement the objectives of prosperous people and powerful country.

II

IMPLEMENTATION OF ADVOCACY OF

ECONOMIC INTEGRATION IN THE RENEWAL PROCESS

In the late 20th century, economic globalisation developed vigorously andcomprehensively as far as its width and depth are concerned, making a profound influenceon politics, economy, culture and society of the countries and territories all over the world.

The two-decade long globalisation shows that the developed countries have been in theiractive position. The developing countries have been in passive position and even some ofthem have been brushed aside of globalisation. As for those countries with slow and


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developing economy, in the process of integration in globalisation, if they cannot seize theadvantages and opportunities created by globalisation, their economy will be left far behindand they will depend on economy, capital, technology and market and become the placeswhere their resources and labour will be exploited and they will be the goods consumingmarkets, will buy costly equipment and backward technology and their environment will

be polluted and destroyed.

Vietnam is a developing country. Having implemented the renewal line,Vietnams economy has shifted from the subsidized, administrative mechanism to thesocialist-oriented market economy. With its integration and participation in globalisation,Vietnams economy is in the process of linking to the regional and world economy in allareas such as the change of production factors, the opening of market, export of goods,export of labour, attraction of techniques, technology, managerial skills, sources of foreigndirect investment and investment abroad, trade, participation in international labour

distribution, accedence in the regional and world economic organisations, making acontribution to changing the structure, quality and growth rate of the economy.

According to the survey results conducted by the General Department ofStatistics, within ten years from 1991 to 2000, GDP had continuously increased withaverage annual growth rate of 7.56%, occupying the high position among the regionalcountries with high economic growth rate in the 1990s. From 2001 to 2005, a 7.5% growthrate was still maintained. This is the result of the process of implementing internationalintegration and opening the domestic market with a motto Vietnam wants to befriend all

the countries in the world community, striving for peace, independence and development.

It can be seen here that in the process of integration, Vietnams externaleconomy has seen development, manifesting in these aspects:

- A relatively high growth (2.6 times over GDP growth rate)

- Active participation of all economic sectors.

- Products of processing industry occupies an ever increasing rate (63.3%) and

products of processing industry has the highest average growth (34%).Worthy of note is that export of the economy with foreign direct investment

has made an effective contribution to increasing export turnover (37%). Apart from that,businesses with foreign direct investment have made a contribution to accelerating domesticbusinesses to strive forward, renovate their technologies, reduce production costs, raiseproducts quality, get access to market, hold for healthy competition and step by step carryout international economic integration.

As for export, in the process of integration, Vietnams export has served well

the export objectives and met the essential requirements of production and of the peopleslife; imported production materials have made a contribution to renovating technical


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equipment and production technolgy, bringing Vietnams economy to develop in thedirection of pushing ahead industrialisation and modernisation, particularly to raise thecompetitive capacity of the businesses; goods quality has become ever better, meeting thetaste and requirement of domestic market and export. Import turnover of the foreign directinvestment area is around 20%. This is considered an important result in the process of

Vietnams economic integration in the region and the world (corresponding to foreigninvested capital structure of 18.6%).

The results of integration and market opening in the recent past cannot beseperated from the leadership of the Communist Party of Vietnam. It has stemmed from the

political and economic lines and the important policies of the Party. With the nationalcomprehensive renewal line, the development of multi-sectoral commodities economyoperating in accordance with the socialist-oriented market mechanism; with the policy oftaking the initiative in the regional and international economic integration, opening the

domestic market; with economic development defined as the central task, striving topromote internal strength and taking advantage of external strength to push aheadindustrialisation and modernisation, all potentials have been brought into full play, thenational strength has been combined with the epochal strength. The Communist Party ofVietnam has organised and led the renewal cause successfully; political stability is thefundamental condition for economic development. The economic growth, including thegrowth of important production branches, in which agriculture, fisheries and industry arethe decisive material premise for social stability. Economic development, stable society,improved life of the majority of people are the top elements to attract internationalinvestment. In the background that there are changes in the worlds economic situation afterthe disintegration of the socialist system, particularly the September 11 incident in the US,the Iraqi and Afghanistan wars, together with the fact that with its violent might, the US hastried to rule the roost all over the world and the countries disputes over their sovereigntyhave increased in the region and so on and so forth, the maintenance of the nationalindependence and sovereignty, the orientation of national development on the path towardsocialism, the guarantee of a lasting peace for national construction and development are ofdecisive significance for the effective international and regional economic integration.

The institutionalization of the Partys economic line into the States policy,the amendment of the Constitution and the making of the States law have created afavourable legal environment for the linkage of Vietnams economy with the regional andworlds economy. The Vietnamese States macro policy on prices, foreign exchange, taxes,

banking, finance, customs, elimination of the monopoly of foreign trade and so on havemade a contribution to stimulating export, increasing foreign currencies, creating favourableconditions for the regional and international economic integration.

Maintaining and promoting the national cultural identity is one of the

experience lessons in the process of the international and regional economic integration andthe effective opening of the domestic market. While considering, assessing and building


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strategy, programme and plan of international and regional economic integration, it isimpossible to neglect the factor of the national culture, because the economic result byintegration and market opening cannot but take into account the national cultural issue.Maintaining and promoting the national cultural identity in the process of integration is ofsignificance both for enhancement of the development of domestic economy and for the

usefulness in stimulating the attraction of foreign invesment in a number of important areassuch as tourism, education, training and cultural activities. As for the long-term purposes,the more comprehensive and deeper is the international and regional economic integrationand the opening of domestic market, the more valuable is the maintenance and promotion ofVietnams national cultural identity and the more important is the maintenance of thenational independence and sovereignty. At the same time it will re-affirm the position of thenational identity in the process of globalisation. In recent years, we have learnt both thesuccessful and unsuccessful lessons in maintaining and promoting the national culturalidentity while implementing the policy on integration and door opening. The culturalinvasion in the trend of globalisation in not a few countries and nations has helped make usthink about the implementation of the international and regional economic integration andthe market opening. The danger of losing the national cultural identity in globalisation is afact posed to all such developing countries as Vietnam while implementing integration anddoor opening. It is necessary for us to have the viewpoint and mode of behaviour in such away as to absorb the cultural quintessence in the cultural confluence of the nations in theworld in the process of integration to enrich and raise the cultural values of Vietnam.

III

A NUMBER OF SOLUTIONS CREATE CONDITIONS

FOR EFFECTIVE INTERNATIONAL INTEGRATION AND CO-

OPERATION

The 2000-2010 social and economic development strategy and the 2020 visionhave mapped out the objectives to take Vietnam out of poverty to become a modernity-oriented industrialized country. The effective international and regional economicintegration is to make a contribution to carrying out the above-said objectives and

orientations.


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Entering the 21st century, the early years of Vietnams international economicintegration have been marked with two important events: First, Vietnam and the US signeda bilateral trade agreement. Second, in late 2006, it successfully organised the APECconference and joined the WTO. As a result of it, Vietnam continues to open its goods andservice market, make laws and the action programme to implement its commitments and

agreements with the WTO on the investment method in relation to trade, epidemic hygieneand intellectual property related to trade and customs value. Earlier, the year 2003 was thefirst year to carry out the stipulations of the ASEANs CEPT/AFTA. In the background ofglobalisation with vigorous and deep economic development, the scientific and technicalrevolution, technological innovation, information boom and unpredictable changes of theworlds political situation, to have effective integration, Vietnam affirms that it will take theinitiative and have suitable development steps, make full use of favourable opportunities,overcome any obstacles and difficulties in the process of opening the market and theinternational and regional economic integration. On the basis of the forecast of thedevelopment situation, stemming from the actual facts, Vietnam find it necessary to haveand create the fundamental conditions to have effective integration.

Maintaining peaceful environment and stable society and politics

This is the most fundamental prerequisite for a successful international and

regional economic integration of Vietnam. The Resolution of the 9th National PartyCongress states: In several decades to come, there is no prospect of any world war. But thelocal wars, armed conflicts, ethnic or religious conflicts, arms race, interference forsubversion and terrorism have still happened in many areas with an ever increasingcomplications. Peace, co-operation and development is the great trend, reflecting the urgentdemand of all nations and countries. Economic globalisation is the objective trend,attracting ever more countries to join; this trend is being governed by a number ofdeveloped countries and the trans-national capitalist economic groups, bearing manyconflicts, so it has both active and passive aspects, both co-operation and struggle.

The actual political and economic situation in the world in the early years ofthe 21st century shows that the analysis of the 9th National Party Congress is correct: Eventhough the war-like imperialists forces have used their violent might to cause the war inmany regions; armed conflicts and terrorism and subversion have happened in manycountries and many regions, peace, co-operation and development remain an urgent demandof many countries. As for Vietnam, it had to undergo the national liberation wars fornational defence since mid-20th century, the maintenance of a lasting peace for economicdevelopment can help have more conditions for international and regional economicintegration. Thanks to peace and renewal, Vietnams economy has seen vigorousdevelopment with annual growth rate of 7.5% in the 1900-2000 period. If before 1900, there


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was a shortage of goods and a long-lasting social and economic crisis, at present, there issome surplus of goods that need to be exported to push ahead domestic production.

Together with the country in peace, social and political stability is a veryfundamental condition for domestic economic development, creating favourable

environment to attract foreign direct investment. In the social development, it is anundeniable fact that there are internal conflicts among people, conflicts among nations andregions, between the political system and people of all strata. If these conflicts are notsettled and treated in a dexterious and thorough-going manner, it could lead toconfrontations, causing political instability and social disorder. In the background whenthere are very extremely conplicated international and regional developments, all ofVietnams hostile forces are still finding ways and means to excite and cause turmoils in theareas where we are off-guard and weak in administration, so if we do not handle it in askilful and correct way, it is very easy to cause social and political confrontation, causing

chaos in the country. It does not only threaten the loss of power, but also the safety andsecurity of our system. When there is social and political confusion, domestic economy will

be much influenced, losing its competetive capabilitiess, hence unsuccessful integration. Itis therefore necessary to guarantee the maintenance of national sovereignty and socialistorientation when we carry out international economic integration.

Renewal and raising comprehensive awareness of economic integration andWTO

It is necessary to understand the initiative we have taken in international andregional economic integration in a full, comprehensive and profound manner in theeconomic condition that Vietnam is still a poor, less developed country and it is in the

process of shifting its managerial mechanism from a subsidized economy to the socialist-oriented market economy. Joining the multilateral economic organisations, participating ininternational labour distribution, associating domestic economy with international and

regional economies is the process of both co-operation and struggle and of implementingthe general stipulations of the worlds economic organisations and the different countrieslaws and international law. In the process of integration, we have to accept the every acuteinternational competition. It is still incomplete and incomprehensive awareness ofinternational integration among branches, sectors and businesses, even among someagencies which do the job of managing integration. Dissemination, education and

popularisation of international economic integration is only the initial step and is yet to bespreading and timely. It is therefore still a simple social awareness of the Vietnam-US tradeagreement, of the World Trade Organisation, of the international financial organisations and

banks. It is still untimely awareness of the requirements of the market opening concerningtaxes, the non-tariff measures in commodities trade, service and investment, leading to


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delays and losses of opportunities, reducing foreign investments into Vietnam and causinglosses to exported goods.

After over eleven years of negotiations, on 7 November 2006, Vietnam wasadmitted as the 50th member of the WTO. This marked a turning point of Vietnam for its

broader and deeper integration in the worlds economy. This event also happened at the timewhen there was the trend of economic globalisation, the overlapping opportuniities andchallenges, so how do we think about it?

Since our renewal, there have been different understandings aboutinternational economic integration. Through the factual situation of the process ofintegration, since Vietnams joining ASEANs AFTA and signing the bilateral tradeagreement with the US and other multi-lateral agreements with the regional organisationslike ASEM, APEC and GMS, as well as the negotiations to join the WTO, we are ever more

conscious that international economic integration is the process of linking Vietnamseconomy to the global economy. This linkage manifests in the circulation of goods and thecomponential elements of production forces, from human force, science and technology tothe means of production and consumption. Vietnams economy once integrated has become

part of the global economy. This also means that together with the opening of domesticmarket, at the same time it is necessary to penetrate deeper in the worlds market.Figuratively speaking, when Vietnams market was yet to open, we were the one manshow in the market, but when we started our integration, we have entered the internationalmarket. If we know how to bring into full play the comparative advantages, Vietnams

goods will be sold with profits, making a contribution to pushing ahead the development ofproduction, strengthening economy and raising the peoples lives. On the contrary, it we donot know how to make full use of the opportunities to get over all the barriers andchallenges, we will have to bear all the losses and be landed in a state of economicdependence and slow development and we will find it difficult to get out of poverty.

By joining the WTO, we have conditions to make deeper and broaderintegration in the international and regional economy to develop our economy and pushahead the national industrialisation and modernisation. It is of primary significance to have

a unified awareness of the whole society that integration is the objective trend, if Vietnamwants to get out soon of poverty, it should know how to combine the national strength withthe epochal strength in the new historical condition, to take the intiative and to be moreactive in integration as the Partys 9th Congress had put forth: to bring into full play therole of the subject and dynamism of businesses under all the economic sectors ininternational economic integration. If we want to take the initiative and to be active inintegration, when joining the WTO, the first and foremost thing we need to know and graspis the rules of the game. They are the WTOs basic contents and fundamental stipulations,the commitments concerning the market opening, the good quality criteria, particularly the

reduction of taxes and the dismantle of none-tariff, the rule of conduct, Vietnams law andinternational law, and so on and so forth. It is also necessary to see the active impacts as


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well as adverse impacts in the process of integration on economy, society, politics andculture. It is because of the fact that joining the WTO, advantages and difficulties havealways gone together, making mutual impact and influence, so it is necessary to determine acorrect attitude with not too much optimism that having joined the WTO, we will get richfast, but also with not too much pessimism that we will lose immediately right on the home

ground. The WTO is a fair playing ground where all of its members are on equal footingconcerning the rules of the game, depending on each specific partner, we will have asuitable way of playing. The wit lies in the fact that we can find the common ground aswell as the private ground to play with all the partners so that all the parties will win inthe end together.

The renewal and the raising of the high sense of awareness of the internationaleconomic integration are a process of the close association with the fact when integration is

being implemented. Stemming from the characteristics of a shifting economy, it is necessary

to pay attention to raising the awarenes of the fact that:

Goods produced are for sale, for export on the regional and internationalmarket.

National overall competition, national interests are important in integration.

Businesses (the State-run businesses and businesses of other economicsectors) should enhance their understanding and research of the regional and internationalmarket, of the institutions, rules, principles, tastes, customs, technical requirements and

goods quality.

All the mass media agencies should co-ordinate with the agencies concernedto exchange information, popularize it among the people of all walks of life, businesses andthe economic sectors.

The content of integration should be included in the training programmes incourses for officials and in institutes and schools for students.

The national cultural identity should be maintained and raised in integration

and door opening.

The socialist international sentiments in integration and door opening shouldbe consolidated and built and the awareness against peaceful evolution and economicinvation should be raised.

Fast and sustainable economic development


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Economically, Vietnam is a developing country, lying in the area of a poorcountry with annual per capita income of only USD700.0. Its population belongs to thedensely populated countries, but its purchasing power and accumulation ability forreinvestment and production expansion remain limited. At the same time, the competition ofthe economy, even in the domestic market, is still weak. Production forces, particularly the

technical and technological levels, are still low. Managerial abilities and experience are stillat a low level, the sense of dependence and subsidy remains persistent (this sense is not onlyfound in the State-run businesses, but also among peasants and other economic sectors). Inthe trend of globalisation, the market here is the whole world and Vietnam should associatethe domestic market to the world market and develop the market economy. Thats why, theopening of the market for foreign businesses to come and do business here can create a great

pressure to domestic businesses and goods manufacturers. But at the same time it can alsocreate new conditions for the development of domestic businesses and adjust their businessstructure. To raise the competitive capacity of the economy, first of all businesses should bementioned here. Most of the Vietnamese businesses are small and medium-sized businesses(by the end of 2006, the number of the State-run businesses occupied only 3.61% of thenumber of the nation-wide businesses) in a condition that the economy was a low level ofdevelopment and it is in the shifting process, so the competitive capacity is poor. This is thegreatest challenge, so domestic businesses need the help from the State concerningmechanism and policy so as to reaise their competitive abilities, consolidate their position inthe domestic market. First of all, attention should be paid to building and perfecting themarket economic institution together with other institutions in conformity with the WTOs

stipulations. The roadmaps, particularly the roadmap of taxes, and Vietnams commitmentswhen it joined the WTO, should be made public. There should be a brealthrough in theadministrative reform so as to create the real changes in the political system, particularly inthe civil rights agencies, so that there is not only the reduction of troubles, but also the fastand effective services for the development of businesses. The State builds and promulgatesthe major policies to create conditions for integration in so far as the height and depth areconcerned. For example, it is the policy on development of human resource, particularly thehigh tech human resource. Or the transfer of the managerial right of businesses to thesectorial associations, the building of the linkages between businesses, the support of

information and creation of conditions for mutual development.

Stemming from the market demands and the demands of sectors and the areaswith priorities for development, businesses should have the development strategy on the

basis of determining the adgvantages and difficulties so as to reorganise their productionand business, innovate their technologies, raise their managerial level and productivitiy,goods quality, build their trade names and honour their prestige in business relations withtheir clients. Businesses should grasp the opportunities of integration for development. Forexample, they should get access to partners and international market, keep close co-

operation and share experience, capital and information to promote competitive advantages.


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In the process of renewal, economic development has been directed stronglyto export. The results are very great, making an important contribution to the high growthrate of the economy in the past ten years. To be able to have deeper and broader integrationafter having joined the WTO, Vietnam should grasp the opportunities to get access tointernational goods and service market. As a result, we can improve investment

environment, raise the effectiveness of investment, concentrate all development resources ofthe economic branches with the competitive advantages so as to direct them to export suchas agricultural and aqua products processing, textile and garments, leather shoes industries(these are the labour intensive industries), encourage the production of goods with hightechnological content such as electronics, information, food processing and phamaceuticalsso that we can overcome the limitations of the economy in the process of shifting such asthe scattered resources with no effective use, a lot of losses and wastes and poor social andeconomic infrastructures.

In the first decades of the 21st century, to have successful integration, Vietnamshould strive to get out of the state of a poor country, to have a fast and sustainable domesticeconomic growth so as to create conditions to join the globalisation without being incurredwith losses. Together with the accelaration of agricultural and rural industrialisation, theimplementation of shifting the economic structure in the direction of modernisation andeffectiveness, it is necessary to push ahead the speed of equitization of the State-run

businesses and at the same time to create favourable conditions for the development ofprivate economy so as to bring into full play all the competitive capabilities of Vietnam-made goods in the domestic and regional market in terms of goods quality and goodsvarieties. The advantages of private economy (private businesses) lie in the fact that it hasno binding to the troublesome administrative procedures. It is more dynamic to change theirsamples and designs of their products, quickly grasp business opportunities; it is moreflexible in terms of prices and so it has more conditions for production and sale of their

products in the domestic as well as in the regional and international markets, inclduing thenew and big markets.

At present, Vietnams population stands at over 85 million and in severaldecades to come, it will be over hundred million. This is the most important resource for the

development of the country. This resource should be exploited and promoted to acceleratethe economic growth rate in an effective and sustainable manner. The development ofhuman resource to meet the requirements of enhancing industrialisation and modernisationalso creates conditions for the succdessful integration. With the global movement oflabourers being considered, with the trained human resource, Vietnams human resourcewill be able to participate directly in the process of international labour distribution with anever greater quantity and ever better quality.


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Building a synchronous policy system in conformity with principles ofinternational economic organisations

In the process of renewal, the States policy system has changed fundamentally toserve the economic development tasks, making a contribution to economic growth andintegration and to market door opening. However, in fact, Vietnams policy system is yet to

be synchrnous and suitable to the principles of the international and regional economicorganisations. Particularly the tariff and non-tariff policy system, the trade, export-import

policy. Even though the 2000-2010 social and economic development strategy was

approved at the Partys 9th

and 10th

Congresses, the concretization of these polices have stillgone slowly. Many policies once made public could help solve only a certain actualsituation. The requirement for building a specific roadmap with the suitable policies remainsthe urgent requirement now. A number of policies are now not suitable to the realities ofeconomic development and all the principles and stipulations of the regional andinternational economic organisations, but no timely adjustments have ever been made, so ithas caused a lot of obstacles and difficulties, even confusions, to the domestic and foreign

businesses. Let alone the promulgated policies with no detailed stipulations have created alot of loopholes or careless and ununified implementation (the policies on land, prices,

labour export, ect.). The renovation of the economic policy in a synchronous andcomprehensive manner to help serve the objectives of economic growth, conform to the

principles and stipulations of the international and regional economic organisations so as tocreate favourable conditions for an effective economic integration is now an urgent demand.

Perfecting the law system, creating favourable environment for integration andmarket door opening

Since 1992, after the promulgation of the Constitution, the State of Vietnamhas promulgated over 100 laws and codes; hundreds of Ordinances and Decrees. Many legaldocuments have given guidance, amendments and details to the law regulations. The

National Assembly, its 11th tenure, passed 84 laws, codes and 16 degrees and 32 ordinances.However, the feasibility of these legal documents is still low and their inactment has still alot of insufficiencies and weaknesses, so their effectiveness is still limited. In the process ofintegration, through its participation in trade relations with AFTA, APEC, EU, NAFTA, the

US and the WTO, Vietnam has met with a lot of legal barriers due to the difference of itslegal system from the legal institutions of the above-said economic organisations and


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countries. Besides, there are still the policies and stipulations which are not only unsuitableto, but also in violation of, the institutions of these organisations and countries in terms ofexport of goods and trade relations (barriers in techniques, in criteria of quality and foodhygiene, in criteria of safety for users and criteria of labout). By joining globalisation andundertaking integration, we have to accept the law system and institutions of the economic

organisation of the countries and the world with which we have signed the bilateralagreements. This is the common rule of game reflected through the very complexinternational treaties. This is also the great challenge for Vietnam because it has beenimplementing the shift of its economy to the socialist-oriented market economy. Vietnam isrequired in the process of taking the initiative in the international and regional economicintegration to step by step perfect its law system (in the immediate future, it is necessary to

perfect the investment code and the competition law); adjust, add and formulate the neweconomic policies and the States economic managing mechanism (for the integration areas)to be in conformity with the law system and the institutions of the international organisationand countries with which Vietnam has signed the bilateral trade agreements; create a firmand favourable legal environment for integration by the economic units and branches; at thesame time guarantee to maintain the orientation of development of the country, maintain,

promote and raise Vietnams national cultural identity in integration.

Building and developing a synchronous and advanced communication system,economic and technical infrastructure

An important criterion to judge the development level of a countrys economicglobalisation and international economic integration is the territorial area. This is the levelof movement of the production elements including natural resources, labour force,techniques, goods and capital between nations, territories and the whole world. The meansand conditions to implement this movement is communication and the technical andeconomic infrastructure.

Vietnam is a developing country, so its communication system and thetechnical and economic infrastructre are still in poor conditions while it started undertakinginternational and regional economic integration in such a situation that it had just got out ofthe fierce and prolonged wars. While the national income was still low, investmentconditions for reproduction and accumulation from the inside of the economy were still notmany, the demands for construction and development of the communication system and thetechnical and economic infrastructure were very great to meet the requirements for thedevelopment of production, for the improvement of peoples life and the implementation ofintegration, for the market door opening, the reception of investment and the movement ofthe domestic, regional and international production elements. So to settle this contradictionto create condition for the international and regional economic integration, in the initial


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period of time, it is necessary to pool all efforts to make investment in the technical andeconomic infrastructure, in which priority should be given to the construction anddevelopment of the communication system together with the energy system and theinformation network.

Raising the quality of human resource and putting talents in importantpositions

Human resource is the most decisive factor to implement the international andregional economic integration. The quality of human resource with physical fitness, mentalabilities and personality should be developed and raised. Even though Vietnam is ranked

among the nations with high educational level, we still lack well-qualified managers,talented businessmen and traders and skilful workers. Human resource of Vietnam incomparison with the developed countries and a number of the regional countries is still at alow level. According to the survey figures of the General Department of Statistics, Vietnamnow has over 50 million people of 15 years of age and older, but the rate of these peopleundergoing the job and technical training is very low. The number of people of 13 years ofage and older through training occupies only 8%, in which 2.3% are technical workers and

professional staff; 2.8% have the vocational secondary school level; 0.7% has seniorsecondary education, 1.7% have university level and 0.1% has the post-graduate education

level (including teachers and physicians who have experienced the highest level training).The training structure is unreasonable: University and post-graduate education is 1; thevocational secondary school training is 1.13 and technical workers is 0.92 (while in theworld, this rate is 1- 4- 10 respectively). As a result, we have an ever more serious state of asurplus of teachers and a shortage of workers in the economy. Jobless university graduatesare in an ever greater number, but the industrial zones and foreign invested businessescannot recruit enough skilled technicians and workers and the talented experts andmanagers.

In the 2000-2020 period, Vietnams economy has been accelerating itsindustrialisation and modernisation in the tendency that the economy has been globalized,science and technology have developed and the knowledge-based economy has played amajor role. The requirement for an ever better quality trained human resource is very urgent

because labour quality is the primary important element that businesses have paid attnetionto, not the labour quantity they had exploited in the past.

To raise the quality of human resource and Vietnam can be able to take theintiative to have an effective international and regional economic integration, there is only

fundamental but urgent solution being development, renovation, improvement ofeducational and training quality in a comprehensive way, linkage of education and trainingto scientific and technological researches and sticking and even taking one step ahead to


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meet the requirements of national development. Attention should be paid to expanding thetraining of technical workers and professfional staff and the training of university and post-graduate education. The teaching and learning method should be renovated, the learnersthinking and self-teaching abilities should be promoted. The university and secondaryvocational training school programmes should be renovated to be more p

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