Microwave Link Presentation

Microwave Transmission Microwave Range Microwave range starts from .3Ghz to 300Ghz MOST PRACTICAL RANGE FROM 1 GHz TO 100 GHz ALCATEL MW RANGE 7-8-13-15-18-23-25-28-38 GHz ADVANTAGES OF MW1- COST EFFECTIVE. 2- SINGLE POINT MAINTENANCE.3- QUICK DEPLOYMENT ACROSS RIVERS AND MOUNTAINS.

Alcatel-LucentAlcatel-LucentAlcatel-LucentAlcatel-LucentAlcatel-Lucent

TYPES OF LINKS

TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CAPACITY

PDH PHYLESIOCHRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY 4E1,16E1,64E1 Alcatel PDH(CM-PAK PROJECT). 4E1,8E1,16E1,32E1.SDH SYHCRONOUS DIGITAL HIRARCHY STM-1,STM-4,STM16,STM-64. PRACTICALLY (Pakistan) USED STM-1 & XPIC(2STM-1)


PDHAUDIO FREQUENCY =3.4 Khz INTELIGIBILITY NOT DISTURBEDSAMPLING RATE = 8Khz sample/sec TO AVOID ALISINGBITS PER SAMPLE = 8 bits/sample ENOUGH QUANTIZATION LEVEL TO DESCRIBE THE SIGNALDATA RATE = (8bits/sample )(8khz samples/sec)= 64kbpsE0 = 64kbpsE1 = (32 )(64Kbps) = 2.048 Mbps (32 CHANNELS, FIRST USED FOR SYNCHRONISATION & 16TH SIGNALING)E2 = (4)*E1 = 4 (2.048) = 8.448 MbpsE3 = (4)*E2 = 4(8.448) = 34.36 MbpsE4 = (4)*E3 = 4( 34.36) = 139.264 Mbps.


SDH

DATA RATE EQUILENT PDHSTM-1 155.52 Mbps 63E1 STM-4 4*155.52 = 622.08 Mbps 252E1STM-16 4*622.08 = 2.488 Gbps 1008E1STM-64 4*2.488 = 9.953 Gbps 4032E1


TYPES OF LINKS

1.2 TYPES OF THE LINKS ACCORDING TO CONFIGURATION

1+0 1+11+1 HST (EQUIPMENT PROTECTION)1+1 SD (EQUIPMENT + PATH PROTECTION +BEST METHOD TO MINIMIZE MULTIPATH INTERFERENCE.) 1+1 FD (CHANNEL PROTECTION)TWIN PATH (NODAL SOLUTION)


LINK BUDGET IF filter lossRF filter loss


MW DISH GAINSDISH GAIN DEPENDS UPON FREQUENCY AND SIZE AND DISH TYPE


RADIO MODEL


OUT PUT POWERTHE KEY IS SYSTEM GAIN


EMISSION DESIGNATAR


EMISSION DESIGNATAREmission designator


FREQUENCY CHANNELS


SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 4E1 FREQUENCY


SYSTEM CHARACTERISTICS 16E1 FREQUENCY


CAPACITY, MODULATION & BAND WIDTHAS THE CAPACITY INCREASES WE HAVE TO INCREASE BANDWIDTH OR MODULATION SCHEME, ITS DEPENDS UPON OUR CHOICE HOW TO SELECT BEST CHOICE.


MODULATION & BANDWIDTHMODULATOR128QAM64QAM16QAM8PSK4PSK2PSKF0+10+20+30+40+50-10-20-30-40-50FREQUENCY (MHz)100MB/ssupposed that100Mb/s data is carried by different levelof the modulator


LINK BUDGET EIRP ( EFFECTIVE ISOTROPIC RADIATED POWER)EIRP IS ACTUAL RF POWER MEASURED AS MEASURED IN THE MAIN LOOB.

EIRP = 24 dbm 1.7 dbm + 46.4 dbm = 68.70 dbmRECEIVER SENSITIVITY (RX THRESHOLD) IS THE WEAKEST RF SIGNAL THAT A RADIO NEEDS RECEIVE TO DEMODULATE & DECODE A PACKET OF DATA WITHOUT ERRORS. IT DEPENDS UPON BER THRESHOLD , FREQUENCY BAND , MODULATION SCHEME &. CAPACITY. IN THIS LINK BUDGET IT IS -85dBm.THERMAL FADE MARGIN (SYSTEM OPERATING MARGIN OR FADE MARGIN) FADE MARGIN= RX SIGNAL RECEIVER SENSITIVITY = -28.35 dbm-(-85dbm) = 56.65 dbm.


LINK BUDGETFREE SPACE LOSS The Free Space Loss is predictable and given by the formula. FSL = 92.4 + 20Log D + 20Log FFSL = Free Space Loss (dB)F = Frequency of transmission (GHz)D = Distance between antennas (km). FSL = 23.52 +24.30+ 92.4 = 140.29RX SIGNAL (dBm) RX Signal = EIRP - FSL + RX Antenna Gain Coax Cable Loss RX Signal = 68.70dBm -140.29 + 46.4 dBi 1.7dBm = -26.86dbm BY INCLUDING REGIONAL EFFECTS (PATH DEPENDENT LOSSES) RSL = -26.86 -1.46 = 28.32 dBm.


LINK BUDGETWhat Is the Minimum SOM(FADE MARGIN) Needed?Regarding the minimum SOM needed, there is no absolute answer to this question, but the higher it is, the better. Most agree that 20 dB or more is quite adequate. Some think as low as 14 dB is still good.POLARIZATION ORIENTATION OF ELECTRIC COMPANENT OF EM WAVE WITH RESPECT TO GROUND TYPES USED IN MW LINKS HORIZONTAL VERTICAL CHOICE CRITERIA : VERTICAL POLARIZATION IS PREFFERED BECAUSE IT IS LESS PRONE TO NOISE & FADING, BUT TO AVOID INTERFERENCE WE ALSO USE HORIZONTAL POLARIZATION.


IDU LEDs & FUNCTIONS.


LEDs FUNCTIONSON GREEN WHEN POWERED ON ODUW ( OUT DOOR UNIT WORKING) GREEN WHEN CARRYING TRAFFICRDI (REMOTE DEFECT INDICATION) RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON FAR ENDLDI (LOCAL DEFECT INDICATION) RED WHEN THERE IS ANY MINOR OR MAJOR ALARM ON NEAR ENDMIN (MINOR) RED MINOR ALARMSMAJ (MAJOR) RED MAJOR ALARMS


LEDs FUNCTIONSEOW (ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE) EOW IS COMMUNICATION PATH FOR VOICE OR DATA THIS IS TRI STSTE LED 1- GREEN ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE FREE. 2- YELLOW ENGINEERING ORDER WIRE BUSY. 3- YELLOW BLINKING RECEVING A CALLATTD (ATTENDED) YELLOW IT IS ON WHEN ACKNOWLEDGEMENT BUTTON HAS BEEN PUSHED


IDUMAIN IDU


IDU ACKNOWLEDGEMENT (PUSH BUTTON) THIS PUSH BUTTON IS USED FOR CALL .IT TURNS OFF LEDs MAJ/MIN AND TURN ON YELLOW LED.LAMP TEST (PUSH BUTTON) IT IS USED TO VERIFY THAT LEDS ARE WORKING PROPERLY OR NOT. RESET (PUSH BUTTON) IT IS USED FOR THE RESET .


IDUTPH ( TELEPHONE PORT RJ-11) EOW TELEPHONE RJ11 PORT.OS (OPERATING SYSTEM)10/100 base-T RJ-45 PORT ETHERNET CRAFT TERMIAL ACCESS. TWO LEDs ON IT 1- GREEN ETHERNET LINK IS UP 2- ORANGE BLINKING TX OR RX ACTIVITY IND (DEBUG) FOR FACTORY USE ONLY OS & IND BOTH ARE 10/100 base-T INTERFACE(100MBPS OR 10MBPS OVER TWISTED PAIR CABLEECT (EQUIPMENT CRAFT TEMINAL) RS-232 INTERFACE 9 PIN D TYPE FEMALE CONNECTOR


IDU8E1/DS1 ( 37 PIN D-SUB FEMALE CONNECTOR) 1-8E1/DS1 TRIBUTRIES ACCESS.ESC (ENGINEERING SERVICE CHANNEL) 15 PIN FEMALE CONNECTORALM (ALARM HOUSEKEEPING)NMS-G703 USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE. NMS-V11 USED TO ACCESS NE WITH ADJACENT NE.

SCSI (SMALL COMPUTER SERIAL INTERFACE) 1+1 INTERCONNECTION


IDUPOWER OPTIONS (3 PIN CONNECTOR) THERE ARE THREE OPTIONS 1- 48 TO 60 VDC 20% (9.6) 2- 24 VDC 20% (4.8) 3- 48 TO 60 VDC 20% (9.6)

WHY WE USE NEGATIVE VOLTAGE ( e.g. -48VDC) ? TO MINIMIZE THE INTERNAL NOISE IN VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS EQUIPMENT TO GROUND SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS LESS IN + VOLTAGE THE ELECTRON FLOW IS FROM GROUND TO EQUIPMENT SO NOISE POSSIBILITY IS HIGH


COMMISSIONINGSTARTING THE CRAFT TERMINAL SUPERVISION ---------> START


COMMISSIONINGSHOW EQUIPMENT


COMMISSIONINGUSER NAME = initialPassword = initialing


commissioning



commissioning




POWER CONTROL METHODSRTPC (RTPC STANDS FOR RADIO TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL ATPC (AUTOMATIC TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL) IN THIS CONFIGURATION WE SELECT THRESHOLD FOR THE POWER CONTROL ATPC MIN POWER 4 dbm ATPC MAX POWER 24dbm RX THRESHOLD LEVEL -50 to-100 dbm ATPC MAX VALUE DEPENDS UPON ACHIEVED RSL AND RX THRESHOLD LEVELMTPC (MANUAL TRANSMITTING POWER CONTROL) IN THIS POWER CONTROL METHOD THE TRANSMITTING POWER IS SET BY DEFAULT TO MAXIMUM VALUE,IF WE WANT TO REDUCE TX POWER WE HAVE TO INTRODUCE ATTENEUATION IN IT.


ATPC SETTINGS


COMMISSIONING


SHIFTER & CFSHIFTER & CENTRAL FREQUENCY(CF)

FOR EASY IDENTIFICATION 1&2 ARE CONSIDRED TO BE LOW AND 1P & 2P ARE HIGH SHIFTER = HIGH FREQ LOW FREQUnis of the above entries mhz

Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the UnitAlarm Replaceable Unit Type Mismatch Mismatch between the installed unit and its software configuration change the software according to unit specs or change the unit.Alarm Internal communication problem connection b/w odu & idu is lostAlarm Version Mismatch Mismatch between the CT software version and the equipment software version. Download the new software version.


commissioning







STATUS CHECKING


RSL CHECKING


RSL CHECK


IF FREQUENCYIF FREQUENCY (INTERMEDIATE FREQUENCE) BAND SPECIFIC ( AM,FM, VESTEGIAL ,MW etc) & EQUIPMENT SPECFIC (Alcatel, NEC, HARRIS etc) TWO MAJOR CLASSES IF TX FREQUENCY = 340 Mhz IF RX FREQUENCY = 140 Mhz & IF TX FREQUENCY = 850 Mhz IF RX FREQUENCY = 450 Mhz


IF CABLE CHARACTERISTICSIF TX FREQUENCY = 340 MhzIF RX FREQUENCY = 140 MhzCABLE IMPEDENCE = 50 OhmMAXIMUM LENGTH = 300mTNC CONNCETORS ARE USED AT EACH END.


MW DISH PARTSREFLECTOR CONVERGE THE INCOMMING WAVES TO FEED HORN & DIVERGE THE OUTGOING WAVES TO REFLECTOR .FEEDHORN THIS IS FEED MECHANISM.SHROUDER ALLIGN THE MISS ALIGN WAVES TO MINIMISE DIFFEREACTION & REFLECTION TO MINIMIZE THE INTEFERENCE.RADOME TO PROTECT THE REFLECTOR & FEED HORN AGAINST DUST, WATER etc.ASSEMBLY TO ATTACHE THE DISH WITH POLE.


HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARDCheck the flash card version. if the flash card is of version 2.0.2 or 2.0.3 then up gradation is required.CD of the required version.Insert the CD & make the path.After up gradation activate the upgraded version.


HOW TO UPGRAD FLASH CARD


Abnormal Condition List This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.


Abnormal Condition List This option enables you to check if there is any loopback or TX Mute activation.


TX MUTE This option helps you to avoid interference during Alignment of new link in the congested environment. Also used during alignment of SD links and XPIC links.


EVENT LOG Event log is very useful for the links which flactuates during night hours,at that time you are not on the site and you want to know the reason of fluctuations .


EVENT LOG


EVENT LOG


Loop Back


RF LOOP BACK BY RF LOOP BACK YOU CAN CHECK YOUR HARDWARE (IDU,ODU,IF CABLE,CONNECTORS),THAT THEY ARE WORKING PROPERLY


TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK BY TRIBUTRY LOOP BACK WE CAN PERFORM BIT ERROR RATE TEST .


SAVE CURRENT CONFIGURATION MIB MANAGEMENT MIB INCLUDES ALL THE SYSTEM INFORMATION EXCEPT ROUTING CONFIGURATION DATA,BECAUSE IT IS CONSIDERED TO BE UNIQUE FOR EACH LINK.


BACK UP 17 BY using this option we can save NE configuration on CT( craft terminal) Write the suitable filename then click on confirm Backup to make the Back up on CT.


RESTORE & ACTIVATE SELECT ONE OF THE BACK UP PRESS Confirm Restore By pressing the Reset previous configuration will be cancelled & new is applied. To activate new configuration click MIB Click activate


RESET BY SOFTWARE YOU CAN RESET NE FROM THIS OPTION.


BIT ERROR RATE THRESHOLDBER = ERRORS/TOTAL NUMBER OF BITSEB (Error Block) A block in which one or more bits are in error.ES (Error Second) A second during which an error block (EB) occurs.SES (Severely Error Second) Any second which contains more than 30% error Blocks.BBE (Background block error) An error block which is not part of SES.UAS (Unavailable seconds) Unavailable time begins after 10 consecutive SES.


PERFORMANCE


SES EXPLANATION


EQUIPMENT ALARM Alarm Replaceable Unit Problem Problem on a replaceable Unit Replace the UnitAlarm Replaceable Unit Type Mismatch Mismatch between the installed unit and its software configuration change the software according to unit specs or change the unit.Alarm Internal communication problem connection b/w odu & idu is lostAlarm Version Mismatch Mismatch between the CT software version and the equipment software version. Download the new software version.


RADIO ALARMCable LOS Problem on the IDU/ODU link cable or on the ODU itself. Check the cable (disconnected, loose connection, cut, short circuited, defective connector etc) If the alarm remains, change the ODU.Incompatible Frequency Frequency configuration setting incompatible with the ODU specs Adjust the frequency setting with the ODU frequency range or change the ODU.Incompatible PTx (ODU) Output power out of rangeTx fail (ODU) Transmitter failure Replace the ODU



RADIO ALARMMod fail (ODU) modulator failure Replace the ODULoss of frame & Rx fail (ODU) Loss of incoming frame at the antenna level. Check the received level. Check the remote station Tx path first. Check the local station Rx path. Check the antennas alignment & connection to ODU. Replace defective hardware part if any.High / Low BER High / Low Bit Error Rate at Rx side. Check the received level. Check the remote transmit path and the local receive path (Soft configuration and hardware.Investigate any frequency interference. Replace defective hardware part if any.


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Microwave Link Presentation