Mir i Kazna-Florence Hartmann

8/18/2019 Mir i Kazna-Florence Hartmann

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Florence Hartmann

MIR I KAZNA

TAJNI RATOVIMEĐUNARODNE POLITIKE I

PRAVOSUĐA



Žrtvama masovnih zločina

Istina i tačnost, prije nego strast. Ravmond Aron

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NAPOMENA

Pr"#a $o%a &l"%e'" 'o(a)a &e "*a $+l"&a me)+naro'ne ,ol"t"$e " ,ra-o&+)a. A+tor"ca/ "a$one$a'a0n%a no-"nar$a ,ar"0$o( Le Mon'ea/ ne n+'" nam/ me)+t"m/ no-"nar&$o"&tra"-an%e/ ne(o nam $ao "*ra-an &-%e'o$ ot-ara ta *at-orena -rata. Na-o'" " o2a-"%e&t"$o%e 3e #"tatel% ot$r"-at"/ n"&+/ 'a$le/ ,r"$+,l%an" o' o&o2a na*o#n"4 ra*(o-or"ma/,re(o-aran%+ "l" *at-oren"m &a&tanc"ma/ na $o%"ma &e *2"-a -e3"na 'o(a)a%a $o%e,reno&"/ ne(o "4 %e a+tor"ca ne,o&re'no #+la " *a2"l%e"la.

U &-o%&t-+ (la&no(o-orn"ce " &a-%etn"ce *a 5al$an t+"tel%a Me)+naro'no( $a*neno(&+'a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89 o' o$to2ra :::. 'o o$to2ra ::;./ Florence Hartmann

nala*"la &e + &rc+ 'o(a)a%a o $o%"ma (o-or" + o-om '%el+. Kao o&o2a $o%a %e 2"la na&a&tanc"ma na $o%"ma &+ &e 'ono&"le &trate0$e o'l+$e S+'a/ &+'%el+%+3" + +n+tarn%"mra&,ra-ama T+"tel%&t-a o &trate("%ama $a*neno( ,ro(ona/ +$l%+#ena + ,r",reman%e&+&reta " na*o#na ra*(o-or"ma "*me)+ t+"tel%"ce 7arle 'el Ponte " na%-"0"4 ,ol"t"#$"4'+no&n"$a/ &-%e'o$ n%"4o-"4 tele<on&$"4 ra*m%ena (le'"0ta/ ,rate3" t+"tel%"c+ na &-"mn%e*"n"m ,+te-"ma/ ona nam %e 'ana& -o'"# $ro* &-"%et $o%" %e 'o &a'a 2"o *at-oren *a

%a-no&t.

A+tor"ca nam ta$o ,o&+)+%e &-o%e +0" " o#". Al" to #"n" $ao 2r"na no-"nar$a= "n<ormac"%e&+ ,r"$+,l%ene na temel%+ o&o2n"4 2"l%e0$"/ al" ta$o)er ,ro-%eren"4 " ,one$a'+,ot,+n%en"4 *a,"&n"c"ma &a &%e'n"ca " 'r+("m "ntern"m "*-%e0ta%"ma $o%"ma %e "mala,r"&t+,. I*-ore na-o'" &amo *a one "n<ormac"%e $o%e n"&+ ,r"$+,l%ene "*ra-no "l" 'ola*e

"*-an I7T8>a. No/ 'o(a)a%" $o%e %e $ro* 0e&t (o'"na ,ro"-l%a-ala "*n+tra ne mo(+ &e"*'-o%"t" "* $onte$&ta " o'"%el"t" o' ra*'o2l%a $o%e %e ,ret4o'"lo n%e*"n+ 'ola&$+ + Ha(/ +&%e'"0te I7T8>a + N"*o*em&$o%. A+tor"ca %e/ 'a$le/ na temel%+ "ntern"4 'o$+menatare$on&tr+"rala #"n%en"ce $o%e &+ ,ret4o'"le o$to2r+ :::. tr+'e3" &e 'o,r"%et" 'o na%man%e,o*nat"4 "l" #a$ ne&l+3en"4 a&,e$ata to( ra*'o2l%a.

Je'no ,o(la-l%e o-e $n%"(e na,om"n%e o're)en 2ro% elemenata 'o$a*a "*ne&en"4 na,roce&+ Slo2o'an+ M"lo0e-"3+/ ,r-om 0e<+ 'ra-e $o%em+ %e &+'"lo me)+naro'no,ra-o&+)e. D"o t"4 a+tent"#n"4 'o$+menata 'o&t+,an %e " na "nternet+/ ,o&e2no ne$atele<on&$a ,r"&l+0$"-an%a $o%a #"tatel% tamo moe na3". S+' %e na -la&t"to% "nternet&$o%&tran"c" 6 ???.+n.or(@"ct9 ,r"$+,"o *a,"&n"$e &+'&$"4 ra&,ra-a " &+'&$e o'l+$e/ al" n"%e

&+&ta-no &,o%"o 'o$a*e ,r"4-a3ene t"%e$om ra*l"#"t"4 &+'&$"4 ,o&t+,a$a. A+tor"ca &eo'l+#"la ra'"%e o&lan%at" na ra*a&+te " te0$o 'o&t+,ne 'o$+mente/ ne(o na &-%e'o#en%a"*ne&ena na %a-n"m &+'&$"m ra&,ra-ama.

Me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e ,r",a'a &-"ma nama %er %e &t-oreno 'a 2+'e + &l+2"

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http://www.un.org/icty




Co-%e#an&t-a. Ot$r"t" n%e(o-o &$r"-eno l"ce #"n" &e neo,4o'n"m #"me ta ot$r"3a

omo(+3+%+ 2ol%e ra*+m"%e-an%e/ ,a on'a " 2ol%e o-la'a-an%e +lo*"ma $o%" &e ocrta-a%+2e* na0e( *nan%a.

I*a *at-oren"4 -rata &-e &e +-"%e$ #+-a + ta%no&t". Te$ &"3+0an '"o "*ran%a ,r" ot-aran%+ar4"-a/ 'e&etl%e3"ma ,o&l"%e. S-e 0to %e re#eno "l" o2e3ano ne &m"%e &e *a2ora-"t" %er &-a$ar"%e# moe na$na'no *a'o2"t" ,o&e2n+ -ano&t. Prema &t+,n%+ ,o-%erl%"-o&t"/ te &e2"l%e0$e "l" ,re'a%+ ar4"-"ma "l" &e ,al%"-o &ta-l%a%+ ,o &tran"/ na ra&,ola(an%e o-la0teno%o&o2" $o%a 3e o'l+#"t" ,re'at" "4 "l" ne &-o%em &l%e'n"$+.

Pr" ne$"m &e &+&ret"ma o' &+'"on"$a tra" 'a n"0ta ne 2"l%ee. Moe &e #a$ *a4t"%e-at" 'a&e n" %e'an o' 'o$+menata o $o%"ma &e ra&,ra-l%alo ne "*no&" "* ,ro&tor"%e. Pone$a' &+&a-%etn"c" %e'ne o' &trana *amol%en" 'a "*")+. Kat$a' &e to tra" &ele$t"-no. Doma3"n

moe *a4t"%e-at"/ o-"&no o tem" ra&,ra-e/ "&$l%+#en%e %e'no(a o' &a-%etn"$a *2o( n%e(o-enac"onalno&t"/ +* "*l"$+ 'a "n<ormac"%e $o%e 3e &e ra*m"%en"t" mo(+ *an"mat" n%e(o-+-la'+. O&tal"ma &e na,rot"- o'o2ra-a 'a o&tan+. Ne$" -"&o$" '+no&n"c" -"0e -olera*(o-ore + #et"r" o$a + ,r"ro'" "l" + o'-o%en"m $a2"net"ma 'a 2" &e +-%er"l" + ,ot,+n+,o-%erl%"-o&t ra&,ra-e. I,a$ &e r"%et$o 'o(a)a 'a na $ra%+ ta$-"4 ra*(o-ora nema n"$a$-e*a2"l%e0$e/ #a$ n" ,r"-atne.

5"l%e0$e ,re'ane ar4"-"ma &a"ma%+ &a'ra% ra&,ra-a " "&t"#+ (la-ne ta#$e. 5+'+3" 'amora%+ &"ntet"*"rat" " ,ara<ra*"rat"/ on" $o%" "4 *a,"&+%+ ne ,reno&e -%erno l%+'&$+ "l",one$a' nel%+'&$+ '"men*"%+ t"4 "&t+,a " rea$c"%a/ $ao n" r"%e#" $o%e &+ +,otre2l%a-ane.A+tor"ca %e/ 'a$le/ o'l+#"la 'at" &amo a+tent"#ne na-o'e ra*l"#"t"4 &+'"on"$a $a$o 2" 2e*

ltera ,ro,+&t"la #"tatel%a + ta% *a2ran%en" ,ro&tor.

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PREDGOVOR Raspršeni snovi čovječanstva

Politika je umijeće sprečavanja ljudi da se bave onim što ih se tiče.Pa+l Valer-

V"0e o' 0e*'e&et (o'"na na$on S+'a + Nrn2er(+ " To$"%+/ me)+naro'na ,ra-'a 'o2"-ano-" ,olet/ $o%em+ &e '+(o n"%e na'ala. S c"l%em 'a ,ot"&ne ne>$an%"-o&t/ ona %e (olem$ora$ + na,ret$+ #o-%e#an&t-a. Al" 'a ta% ,ro%e$t/ + $o%" &-a$o l%+'&$o 2"3e "*loeno ratno%o,a&no&t" +lae tol"$e na'e/ ne 2" o&tao ne'o-r0en/ me)+naro'na ,ra-'a morat 3e &e/malo ,omalo/ nametn+t" &-"ma " *a &-a$o(a. St-oren 1!./ Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' *a2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89/ *at"m ona% + R+an'" 6I7TR9/ +&,o&ta-l%en &l%e'e3e (o'"ne/ 2"l" &+

,rete#e Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a $o%"/ o' Demo$rat&$e Re,+2l"$e Kon(o 'o S+'ana" U(an'e/ 'ana& tra" o'(o-orno&t (la-n"4 ratn"4 -o)a. U $o%em &+ &e o$r+en%+ ra*-"%alete ,r-e me)+naro'ne "n&tance ,o&l"%e on"4 $o%e &+ &t-orene na$on *a-r0et$a Dr+(o(&-%et&$o( rata Ko%" &+ "m 2"l" +&,%e&"/ ,o(re0$e/ $o%e &+ 2"t$e -o'"l" A$o ,etnae&ta$(o'"na ,o&l"%e n%e(o-a o&n"-an%a *aron"mo + $+l"&e Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89/ na3" 3emo 2ro%ne o'(o-ore " ra&-"%etl"t" "*a*o-e & $o%"ma 3e &e +(o'"nama " 'e&etl%e3"ma $o%a &l"%e'e morat" &+o#"t" me)+naro'na ,ra-'a $o%a 'ana&m+$+ m+#" 'a 2+'e +-%erl%"-a.

De&eto( marta 1. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r/ t+"tel%"ca Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89 +*nem"rena %e ,o(or0an%em &tan%a na Ko&o-+. Ona +,o*ora-a $a$o %e

na'lena *a c"%elo ,o'r+#%e 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e " 'a 'o2"-a "n<ormac"%e " 'o$a*e o"*(re'"ma na Ko&o-+. U <e2r+ar+ %e M"lo0e-"3 ,o&lao &,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce + 'ol"n+Dren"ce/ $ol"%e-$+ al2an&$e ,o2+ne na Ko&o-+ ,rot"- -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ "/ $a$o &e,ret,o&ta-l%a/ &%e'"0te c"%ele no-e Vo%&$e *a o&lo2o)en%e Ko&o-a 6U7K9. S"t+ac"%ane+mol%"-o $l"*" ,rema rat+. Se'mo( %+la/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,o%a#a-a ton= I*(re'" &+,rera&l" + or+an" &+$o2... ,rema tome/ nam%era-am ,o'n"%et" o,t+2e *a *lo#"ne ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" "l" ratne *lo#"ne a$o &e +t-r'e 'o$a*". Vel"$e &"le %e ,o'ra-a%+. D-"%ere*ol+c"%e V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ !1. marta te !. &e,tem2ra 1. "&t"#+ na'leno&t S+'a na'Ko&o-om " o2a-e*+ -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ 'a & n%"me &+ra)+%e. Ta% ,olet + $o%em &e #"n" 'a&+'&t-o "ma ,r-en&t-o ,re' ,ol"t"$om $rat$o( %e -"%e$a. Jer +,ra-o 'a 2" ,r"&"l"l"

M"lo0e-"3a na ,re(o-ore/ Amer"$anc" " E+ro,l%an" &-o%om ,o'r0$om ele +#"n"t"+-%erl%"-om ,r"%etn%+ o,t+2om ,rot"- na%o'(o-orn"%e( *a o-+ no-+ $am,an%+ etn"#$o(#"03en%a na 5al$an+ $ra%em . &tol%e3a.

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Tr"nae&to( o$to2ra 1. M"lo0e-"3 ,ot,"&+%e &,ora*+m o ,r"m"r%+ & amer"#$"m

,re(o-ara#em R"c4ar'om Hol2roo$eom/ $o%" " ne &,om"n%e I7T8. Na'leno&t Tr"2+nala nemoe 2"t" +lo( n" *a $a$-e ,re(o-ore/ o'2r+&"la %e o'ma4 t+"tel%"ca. Da 2" &e &ama+-%er"la 'a &+ *lo#"n" &t-arno ,o#"n%en"/ na%a-l%+%e $a$o el" 'o3" na l"ce m%e&ta. M"lo0e-"3&e ,rot"-". I*'a%e %o% -"*+ &amo *a 5eo(ra'/ 0to ona o'2"%a. N%e*"n" ,ona-l%an" *a4t%e-" 'ana Ko&o-o ,o0al%e &-o%e "&tra"tel%e o&ta%+ mrt-o &lo-o na ,a,"r+. V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" ne el"+(ro*"t" ,r"m"r%e o&+)+%+3" 5eo(ra' *2o( o'2"%an%a &+ra'n%e & me)+naro'nom ,ra-'om.Za -el"$e &"le &+' %e &amo or+)e/ $o%e %e $or"&no a$o &l+" n%"4o-"m ,ol"t"#$"m nam%erama.

M"lo0e-"3 ne 4a%e *a ,r"%etn%e $ana'&$e ma("&trat$"n%e1. Petnae&to( %an+ara 1.n%e(o-e %e'"n"ce *a+*"ma%+ &elo Ra#a$ " ,o(+2l%+%+ #etr'e&eta$ $o&o-&$"4 &el%a$a.Pr"m"r%e %e t"me ,on"0teno. e< me)+naro'ne m"&"%e *a'+ene *a na'(le'an%e ,r"m"r%a na

Ko&o-+ "ll"am al$er/ o'ma4 to ,ro(la0a-a *lo#"nom ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". Lo+"&eAr2o+r %e 2"%e&na " tele<on"ra al$er+.

1 Term"n ma("&trat@$"n%a &e o'no&" na t*-. -"0" ran( &+'aca $o%" "ma%+ " 'ra-ne o-la&t". Term"nma("&trat %e +o2"#a%en + +"m ,ra-n"m $r+(o-"ma/ naro#"to + an(loamer"#$"m *eml%ama.ra)an&$" &l+2en"$ $o%em &+ 'ane +,ra-ne " *a$on&$e o-la&t"/ 6o,. +r9



Po0al%"te &-o%e &tr+#n%a$e + ro$+ o' B &ata/ & -"*om "l" 2e* n%e/ ,re'lae Amer"$anac.

Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &e 1. %an+ara ,o%a-l%+%e na (ran"c" "*me)+ Ma$e'on"%e " Ko&o-a. Za,re$a %e ne,remo&t"-a. 7ar"n"$ &e r+(a l"&ta%+3" ,+to-n"c+ (la-ne t+"tel%"ce/ +&tano-l%+%e 'anema -"*+ " $ae %o% 'a &e -rat" natra( *a%e'no &a &-o%om "m,re&"-nom no-"nar&$om,ratn%om. Pora* %e t"m 2oln"%" 0to ne 'o2"-a n"$a$-+ ,ol"t"#$+ ,o'r0$+ "* ,r"%e&toln"ca $o%e&+ ,r"%e ,et (o'"na o&no-ale Tr"2+nal. Ia$o %e + na,a&t" 'a 'a'e o&ta-$+/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r&e &+*'ra-a ,r" ,o-rat$+ + Ha(. 7"%el" Tr"2+nal %o% ,r"re)+%e tr"%+m<alan 'o#e$. U&+'"la&e. O-"m ,+to-an%em "m,l"c"tno %e 'ala *na$ M"lo0e-"3+ 'a %e ,o' "&tra(om.

Al" &a'a %e -r"%eme '",lomac"%e. Po&l"%e '-a t%e'na ,re(o-ora + Ram2o+"llet+/ ,o%a-l%+%e&e nacrt &,ora*+ma $o%" ne -o'" mno(o ra#+na o Tr"2+nal+. Jo0 %e'nom %e ,ol"t"#$",ra(mat"*am "*na' &+'&t-a. Amer"#$a &+t$"n%a a2r"elle K"r$ McDonal'/ ,re'&%e'n"ca

Tr"2+nala/ 0al%e !. <e2r+ara ot-oreno ,"&mo <ranc+&$om " 2r"tan&$om m"n"&tr+ -an%&$"4,o&lo-a/ Ro2"n+ 7oo$+ " H+2ert+ Ve'r"ne+. Po*"-a "4 'a ne rt-+%+ na#ela na $o%"ma &etemel%" Tr"2+nal + $or"&t $rat$oro#n"4 ,ol"t"#$"4 "ntere&a. Nema m"ra 2e* ,ra-'e/,ot-r)+%e " t+"tel%"ca. M"lo0e-"3 o'l+#+%e >on ne el" n" m"r n" ,ra-'+.

U no3" "*me)+ !. " B. marta NATO ,o#"n%e o,erac"%+ Z'r+ene &na(e ,rot"- re"ma +5eo(ra'+. Zlo#"n" &e ne *a+&ta-l%a%+/ #a$ &e +'-o&tr+#+%+. Stot"ne 4"l%a'a Al2anaca'e,ort"rano %e ,rema $o&o-&$o% (ran"c". D-a'e&et 0e&to( marta Lo+"&e Ar2o+r +,o*ora-aM"lo0e-"3a 'a 3e "&tra"t" &-a te0$a $r0en%a me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a/,o&e2no ona $o%a +$l%+#+%+ *lo#"ne ,rot"- c"-"lno( &tano-n"0t-a... Za *a,a'ne,r"%e&toln"ce M"lo0e-"3 -"0e n"%e $l%+# ,ro2lema na 5al$an+/ ne(o &amo &rce ,ro2lema.One ,ono-o -"'e Tr"2+nal $ao or+%e ,rot"- ,al"$+3e. U 5r+Qelle&+/ Lon'on+/ Par"*+ "

a&4"n(ton+/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,r"ma%+ ra0"ren"4 r+$+. Za,a'n%a#$" '+no&n"c" o2e3a-a%+'a 3e ,re'at" Ha0$om &+'+ &-e "n<ormac"%e $o%"ma ra&,ola+ o o,erac"%ama n%e(o-"4or+an"4 &na(a/ n%"4o-o% or(an"*ac"%"/ l"n"%" *a,o-"%e'an%a " n%"4o-"m *lo#"n"ma. Na $ra%+ 3e

%o% ,re'at" &amo malen '"o. Al" el" &e + ,r-om re'+ &t"(mat"*"rat" ne,r"%atel%a 'a 2" &e2ol%e o,ra-'ao na&ta-a$ NA>TO>o-"4 2om2ar'"ran%a Sr2"%e. I 'a 2" to ,o&t"(l"/ neo$l"%e-a%+ +&,ore)"-at" M"lo0e-"3a & H"tlerom "l" Stal%"nom/ "l" (a na*"-at"/ $a$o to #"n"Ro2"n 7oo$/ &er"%&$"m etn"#$"m #"&ta#em. eor(e Ro2ert&on/ 2r"tan&$" m"n"&tar o2raneo,t++%e (a *a (enoc"'ne ,lano-e. To %e term"n $o%" *a,a'ne -la'e "*2%e(a-a%+ $a' neele "nter-en"rat". 5+'+3" 'a "4 me)+naro'na Kon-enc"%a o &,re#a-an%+ " $an%a-an%+*lo#"na (enoc"'a o2a-e*+%e na '%elo-an%e *a &,re#a-an%e "l" *a+&ta-l%an%e ta$-"4 *lo'%ela/"*2%e(a-ale &+ ta% term"n ne$ol"$o (o'"na ,r"%e + 5o&n"/ a %o0 -"0e + R+an'".

Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &e ne *a-ara-a. N%e*"n ra' "n&tr+mental"*"ra%+. Al" me)+naro'na ,ra-'a,re#e&to %e rt-a ,ol"t"#$o( ne4a%a/ a 'a &e ne 2" -e&el"la to% ,o'r0c". I&tra"tel%" I7T8>a,o#"n%+ ,r"$+,l%at" ,r-a &-%e'o#en%a "*2%e(l"ca $o%e 2%ee & Ko&o-a. U Ha(+ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r



,re+*"ma o&o2no ta% ,re'met. Imen+%e '-o%e mla'"4 amer"#$"4 ,ra-n"$a/ Nanc Pater&on

" 7l"nta "ll"am>&ona/ 'a &a&ta-e o,t+n"c+. Kao '"r"(ent ra-na o-"m '-amama("&trat"ma " ,ro+#a-a &-a$" 'o$+ment/ &-a$" 'o$a* $o%" &+ ,r"$+,"l" n%e*"n" "&tra"tel%"/al" " me)+naro'ne or(an"*ac"%e " ne-la'"ne +'r+(e. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r *na 'a %e +,ala + tr$+ &-remenom. Po#et$om ma%a NATO>o-" +'ar" %o0 n"&+ na-el" M"lo0e-"3a na ,o,+0tan%e " on

%o0 +-"%e$ o'2"%a ra&,ore)"-an%e me)+naro'ne &"le na Ko&o-+. Me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca %e+ &l"%e,o% +l"c". Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &tra4+%e 'a 3e &e M"lo0e-"3+ ,on+'"t" tr(o-"na= 'ola*a$me)+naro'n"4 &na(a + *am%en+ *a ,re$"' "&tra(e $o%+ %e ,rot"- n%e(a ot-or"o I7T8. Ratn"-o)a "ma &-e ra*lo(e 'a &e c%en$a o &-o%o% &lo2o'" + *am%en+ *a m"r. Sre'"nom ma%a5eo(ra' 'a%e na'+ + ot-aran%e " ,ro(la0a-a ,r"4-atl%"-"m ,r"%e'lo( ra&,ore)"-an%a -o%ne&"le +nato# ne$"m o(ra'ama. Kana'&$a t+"tel%"ca +,o*ora-a= Ne moe 2"t" n"$a$-ao2l"$a "m+n"teta 0to &e na& t"#e. I3" 3emo 'o$le nam to 'o,+0ta%+ 'o$a*". O'l+#+%e*a'at" ,o&l%e'n%" +'arac 'o$ tra%e %a$o '",lomat&$o '%elo-an%e + c"l%+ 'o(o-ora.U &+2ot+ . ma%a/ + &-o%em +re'+ + Ha(+/ + N"*o*em&$o%/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,ot,"&+%eo,t+n"c+. la-n" o,t+en"$ *o-e &e Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3. Pr-" ,+t + ,o-"%e&t"me)+naro'no &+'&t-o o,t+"lo %e %e'no( 'ra-no( ,o(la-ara na -la&t" *a *lo#"ne ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t". Lo+"&e Ar2o+r n"%e n"$o(a ,ret4o'no o2a-"%e&t"la. O'2"la %e $on*+lt"rat" &e &-el"$"m &"lama *2o( &tra4a 'a ne "*-r0e ,r"t"&a$. O2a-"%e0tena %e &amo 0a#"ca 2l"&$"4&+ra'n"$a. Al" mno(" %o0 -a+ *a " ,rot"-/ a ne$" &tra4+%+. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r " n%e*"noo$r+en%e ,r"m"l" &+ -"0eman%e e$&,l"c"tne &"(nale o' ne$"4 '",lomat&$"4 +re'a $o%" &e#+-a%+ &-e(a 0to 2" mo(lo +&,or"t" "l" $om,l"c"rat" r%e0en%e $r"*e/ 2o%e &e &-a$e 'o'atne*a,re$e na ,+t+ 'o(o-orno( r%e0en%a 'o $o%e( n"$a$o 'a &e 'o)e. C"n" &e 'a %e M"lo0e-"3&,reman ,r"4-at"t" ,r"%e'lo( &$+,"ne $o%"m 2" &e *a+&ta-"lo na&"l%e na Ko&o-+. Ne eleo'2ac"t" %e'"no( &+(o-orn"$a $o%" moe o'l+#"-at" o m"r+. S-a$a 2" o,t+2a 2"la,re+ran%ena/ #a$ $ata&tro<alna/ %er 2" no&"la o,a&no&t 'a &e M"lo0e-"3 *a"nat".O,t+n"ca 2" 'o-ela + o,a&no&t "*(le'e *a m"r/ t-r'" "*a&lan"$ "* Mo&$-e $o%" ,o&e2no'ola*" + Ha(. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &l"%ee ramen"ma. I&to #"n" " & Amer"$anc"ma $o%" ,re+*"ma%+-o'&t-o " +&tra%no trae 'a ,r"#e$a *(o'n"%" tren+ta$. Pre'laem Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t 'ame ne ,o$+0a-a na3"/ 'a%e na *nan%e %e'nom amer"#$om &+(o-orn"$+ $o%" %e na*"-a 'a2" or(an"*"rao tele<on&$" &a&tana$ & amer"#$om 'ra-nom ta%n"com. U &-a$om &l+#a%+/$a&no %e >o,t+n"ca %e ,ot,"&ana.



5+'"te ne,o,+&tl%"-"/ re$la m" %e Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t + #a&+ "meno-an%a 6+ I7T8/ +

&e,tem2r+ 1;. o,. a.9 ,a 'o2ro/ ,o$a*at 3+ 'a &am ne,o,+&tl%"-a/ o'(o-or"la %eLo+"&e Ar2o+r + o#" 74r"&t"an+ 74art"er+/ (la&no(o-orn"$+ Tr"2+nala. Kana)an$ao*na#a-a &-o% teren $a$o 2" &,r"%e#"la &-a$o ,ol"t"#$o +,l"tan%e. Ka' %e "*-r0"la ,o&ao/"*(+2"la &e na #etr'e&et o&am &at" na %+(+ Franc+&$e/ $o' ,r"%atel%a. O,t+n"ca n"%e &amo,rot"- Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a ne(o c"%elo( &r,&$o( -o'&t-a +$l%+#eno( + *lo#"ne ,rot"-$o&o-&$"4 Al2anaca. U* M"lana M"l+t"no-"3a/ ,re'&%e'n"$a Sr2"%e/ na n%o% &+ " Dra(ol%+2O%'an"3/ 0e< eneral0ta2a/ ,ot,re'&%e'n"$ &a-e*ne -la'e N"$ola a"no-"3 " m"n"&tar+n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a Sr2"%e Vla%$o Sto%"l%$o-"3. Al" + &$la'+ & ,roce'+raln"m ,ra-"l"ma I7T8>a/ o,t+n"ca n"%e ,ra-o-al%ana 'o$ %e ne ,ot-r'" " &+,ot,"&e &+'ac. 7"%el" ,re'met/ tr"4"l%a'e &tran"ca + 'e&eta$ 'e2el"4 re("&tratora/ ,re'an %e 'a$le &+c+ Da-"'+ H+nt+.Po&l"%e -"$en'a *a D+4o-e/ $o%" %e ,ro&%e'"o *at-oren + &-o%em +re'+ ,ro+#a-a%+3"

,re'met/ a+&tral&$" &+'ac ,ot,"&+%e B. marta o'l+$+ $o%om ,ot-r)+%e o,t+n"c+ ",r",a'a%+3e nalo(e *a +4"3en%e.

Al" Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ne el" o2%a-"t" o,t+n"c+ ,r"%e #et-rt$a . ma%a. Ra*lo( %e -rlo %e'no&ta-an. Je'an o' "&tra"tel%a Tr"2+nala nala*" &e + 5eo(ra'+ ,o' $r"n$om m"&"%e UN>a $o%+ -o'" Ser("o V"e"ra 'e Mello. Dele(ac"%a o'la*" & ter"tor"%a Sr2"%e + #et-rta$ +%+tro.Lo+"&e Ar2o+r o'2"%a " na%man%" r"*"$. U +tora$ G. ma%a let" *a Stoc$4olm/ ('%e (la-n"ta%n"$ UN>a Ko Annan &+'%el+%e na $on<erenc"%". N%e(a ,r-o(a o2a-%e0ta-a. Zat"m 0al%e0"<r"ran+ ,or+$+ n"*o*em&$om m"n"&tr+ -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a Jo&"a&+ -an Aart&en+= Po&lane&+ lo,t"ce *a (ol<. Sa'a m"n"&tar *na 'a &+ o,t+2e ,ot-r)ene " 'a mora/ ,rema 2r"l%"-o,r",reml%enom ,lan+/ &a&-"m '"&$retno/ ,ro&l"%e'"t" o2a-"%e&t ne$"ma o' &-o%"4 $ole(a

$a$o 2" mo(l" o,o*-at" &-o%e &+(ra)ane $o%" &+ + m"&"%" + to% re("%". Proc+r"t 3e "*amer"#$"4 "*-ora. Ve3 $ra%em ,o&l"%e,o'ne-a/ + &r"%e'+ ;. ma%a/ 7NN ot$r"-a 'aSlo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a tra" Ha0$" &+'. S-e%e'no. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &a*-ala %e no-"n&$+$on<erenc"%+ *a &+tra'an. Pre' ,re,+nom '-oranom o2%a-l%+%e o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- ,etor"ce"* 5eo(ra'a *2o( 'e,ort"ran%a &e'am&to #etr'e&et 4"l%a'a $o&o-&$"4 Al2anaca " *2o(+2o%&t-a na%man%e tr"&to #etr'e&et "'ent"c"ran"4 o&o2a. Da 2" ,rete$la one $o%" 3e ra'o+$a*"-at" na o,a&no&t" $o%e ta o,t+n"ca 'ono&" m"ro-nom ,roce&+ + t"%e$+/ o'(o-ara "m=U-%erena &am/ "&to $a$o %e 2"lo +-%ereno V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" $a' %e o&n"-alo Tr"2+nal " $a'

%e + -"0e na-rata ,o&l%e'n%"4 m%e&ec" ,o*"-alo 'a &e ,r",a*" na Ko&o-o/ 'a 3e ,lo' na0"4na,ora 'on"%et" *na#a%an 'o,r"no& m"r+. N"$a$a- tra%an " -%ero'o&to%an m"r ne moe,o#"-at" na ne,ra-'" " ne$an%"-o&t". O'2"%an%e *a4t"%e-an%a o' ratn"4 *lo#"naca 'a

o'(o-ara%+ *a &-o%a '%ela 2"la 2" +-re'a on"ma $o%" ,o0t+%+ *a$on/ 2"la 2" "*'a%a on"4 $o%"*a$on+ ,o-%era-a%+ &-o%e "-ote " &"(+rno&t. Ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,o&l"%e Lo+"&e Ar2o+ro'la*" "* Tr"2+nala.

O,t+n"ca ,rot"- Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a "*nena'"la %e *a,a'ne -la&to'r0ce $o%" (a %o0

1:



+-"%e$/ +nato# n%e(o-"m *lo#"n"ma/ &matra%+ n+n"m &+(o-orn"$om. Ona "m &+a-a

mane-ar&$" ,ro&tor +&re' ,roce&a ,re(o-aran%a. Pre' "m,erat"-om m"ra '",lomat"n"$a'a ne o$l"%e-a%+ o,t+"t" &l"%e,+ ,ra-'+ $o%a ne -o'" ra#+na o n%"4o-"m ,ote0$o3ama'a ratne -o)e 'o-e'+ *a ,re(o-ara#$" &tol. O,t+n"ca ,rot"- 'ra-no( ,o(la-ara moe/,rema n%"ma/ o&+%et"t" &-a$+ na'+ 'a 3e &e m"r ,o&t"3" ,re(o-or"ma. I ,o' "*l"$om 2or2e,rot"- ne,ra-'e/ ona %e moe ,ro'+l%"t". Al" -e3"na n%"4 ra'"%e &$r"-a &-o%+ *2+n%eno&t

%a-n"m "*%a-ama + $or"&t &+'a " 2or2e ,rot"- ne$an%"-o&t". Samo Mo&$-a ot-orenoo&+)+%e t+ o'l+$+ na*"-a%+3" %e ,ol"t"#$om " "&t"#e 'a 'ola*" +

;. ma%a 1. o&am "n'+&tr"%&$" na%ra*-"%en"%"4 *emal%a &-"%eta + &$+,"n" &lo"lo &e ora*m%e0tan%+ na Ko&o-+ me)+naro'n"4 +#"n$o-"t"4 c"-"ln"4 " &"(+rno&n"4 &na(a.

11



na%(orem #a&+. U Franc+&$o% Jean>P"erre 74e-enement/ m"n"&tar +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a/

%e'"n" %e $o%" o&+)+%e o-+ "n"c"%at"-+ 6$o%a o,. a.9 ne &l+" m"r+.Kao (o&,o'ar rata " m"ra -e3 o&am (o'"na/ Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 m"&l"o %e 'a %e ne'o'"rl%"-.Da n"%e ,ret%erao na Ko&o-+/ -%ero-atno n"$a' ne 2" 2"o ,o*-an na o'(o-orno&t. Sa'a/,r"t"%e0n%en +*a *"'/ &t"&n+t "*me)+ #e$"3a ,ra-'e " na$o-n%a NATO>a/ &tra4+%+3" 'a 3eo-om o,t+n"com 2"t" "*2a#en "* "(re/ ,r"&"l%en %e ,o,+&t"t". M"&l"o %e 'a 3e *a4-al%+%+3"&+&retl%"-o&t" Mo&$-e " '-o&tr+$o% "(r" Za,a'a "*2%e3" 2"%e& I7T8>a. U to% $+lt+r" "m,erat"-am"ra $o%" &e $+,+%e ,o' &-a$+ c"%en+/ ,r" #em+ &e #e&to ,re'lae ,re(le'a-an%e $ro*,r&te ,artner"ma neo,4o'n"ma *a ,re(o-aran%e/ M"lo0e-"3 %e -%ero-ao + &-o%+ne$an%"-o&t. N"&+ l" m+ %e -e3 %e'anom 'al" $a' %e ,ot,"&ao m"r + 5o&n" ,o&l"%e tr" " ,ol(o'"ne $r-o,rol"3a " ,o&l"%e ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ *a $o%e %e a&4"n(ton/ me)+t"m/ "mao

'o$a*e n%e(o-e +m"%e0ano&t"

!

Po2"%e'"t 3e (a 2or2eno&t Lo+"&e Ar2o+r. M"lo0e-"3 %e,r"&"l%en ,o*-at" natra( &-o%e ,&e rata " +0+t$at" or+%e. Tr"2+nal %e o'n"o ,o2%e'+ tamo('%e n"%e +&,%ela '",lomac"%a. V%er+%emo 'a %e ,ra-'a ma%$a m"ra/ l"$+%e + %+l+Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t.

D-a "*a&lan"$a/ R+& V"$tor Cernom"r'"n " F"nac Martt" A4t"&aar"/ &+&re3+ &e & M"lo0e-"3em,o#et$om %+na $a$o 2" *a,e#at"l" +-%ete m"ra $o%e 3e Re*ol+c"%a 1BB V"%e3a &"(+rno&t&l+2eno ,ro(la&"t" 1:. %+na 1. O,t+n"ca ne m"%en%a mno(o/ t-r'" amer"#$" StateDe,artement. Ka' &e -rat"o m"r/ Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3/ ,r-" ,re'&%e'n"$ na -la&t" $o%e( %eo,t+"lo me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e/ o&ta%e ne'o&t+,an ,ra-'". NATO/ $o%" 'r" &na(e naKo&o-+ 'a 2" %am#"o m"r/ nema ,r"&t+, &r,&$om ter"tor"%+ n" o-la&t" 'a +4"t" ratne*lo#"nce. A 7l"nton ,r"*na%e= A$o o&tane + Sr2"%"/ -%ero-atno ne3e 2"t" "*r+#en/ a ne

m"&l"m 'a Tran&atlant&$" &a-e* moe +,a&t" + 5eo(ra' $a$o 2" m+ +r+#"o o,t+n"c+.

T"(ar o' ,a,"ra +rl"$ao %e " ,r+"o $an'e/ al" %e " 'al%e &a&-"m 2e*o,a&an. O,t++%+3"Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/ Tr"2+nal %e ",a$ o,ra-'ao ra*lo(e &-o%e( ,o&to%an%a. U -la'ama$ao " + &amom I7T8>+ n"t$o *a"&ta ne -%er+%e 'a 3e &e $r-olo#nom -o)" %e'no( 'ana&+'"t". N%e(o-a o,t+n"ca "*a*"-a %e'no'+0>no&t %er &-"ma +m"r+%e &a-%e&t. Al" "*-r0en%e,ra-'e " 'al%e n"%e -%ero-atno. Vel"$"m &"lama M"lo0e-"3e-o +4"3en%e n"%e ,r"or"tet/ ,a #a$n" c"l%. Ta$o/ 'o$ Sr2"%" o2e3a-a%+ *na#a%n+ mater"%aln+ ,omo3 #"m M"lo0e-"3 2+'e &-r(n+t& -la&t"/ n%e(o-o +4"3en%e n"%e +$l%+#eno + ,o(o'2+. S-" + 5eo(ra'+ m"&le 'a %e M"lo0e-"3o,et 'o2"o ne$a$a- o2l"$ "m+n"teta + *am%en+ *a ,o'r0$+ m"ro-nom ,lan+ *a Ko&o-o.

Lo+"&e Ar2o+r 2r*o %e &4-at"la '-ol"#no&t 'ra-a + o'no&+ na ,r"m%en+ me)+naro'no(,ra-a $a' ona ,r"%et" 'a ,oremet" ,ol"t"#$+ ra#+n"c+. Ra*+m%ela %e $a$o me)+naro'no,ra-o&+)e te0$o *a'ra-a $ontrol+ na' &-o%om $a*nenom &trate("%om/ 2e* $o%e ne moete"t" ne*a-"&no&t"/ 'o$ m+ -el"$e &"le ot"ma%+ t+ mo3 ele3" o'l+#"-at" o +,+tno&t"$a*neno( ,ro(ona $a' 0e<o-" 'ra-a "l" -ane o&o2e/ o&+mn%"#ene *a ma&o-ne *lo#"ne/

1



"*(le'a%+ $ao %e'"ne $o%e mo(+ ,ot,"&at" m"ro-ne &,ora*+me. Me)+naro'na '",lomac"%a "

'al%e &,remno rt-+%e ,ra-'+ ,o' "*l"$om 'a ,ra-e'an m"r moe 'o-e&t" 'o na&ta-$arata/ o'no&no 'o &mrt" " ,atn%e #"ta-"4 naro'a. Al" ona *a2ora-l%a 'a %e M"lo0e-"3$+mo-ao na%e03"m $r-o,rol"3"ma + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%"/ onome + Sre2ren"c"/ *at"m naKo&o-+/ &-a$" ,+t $a' &e '",lomac"%a +,+&t"la + ,roce& m"ro-n"4 ,re(o-ora & n%"m. Pr"%eLo+"&e Ar2o+r/ n%e*"n ,ret4o'n"$ R"c4ar' ol'&tone -e3 %e +,o*ora-ao= M"r $o%",arara%+ ratn" *lo#"nc" ne -r"%e'" n"0ta-"0e ne(o t"nta " ,a,"r $o%"ma &e $or"&te.Na%o&%etl%"-"%" ,ro2lem me)+naro'no( ,ra-a 2"o %e " o&tao ta% 0to &e o'-"%a +n+tarme)+naro'n"4 o'no&a -o'en"4 &+,arn"#$"m lo("$ama $o%e %e te0$o +%e'"n"t"= %e'na/"'eal"&t"#$a/ 'a%e ,re'no&t ,otra*" *a ,ra-'om/ a 'r+(a/ ,ra(mat"#na/ 'a%e ,re'no&ttraen%+ m"ra.

Ra*lo*" $o%" &+ na-el" V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" 'a o&n+%e Tr"2+nal o' ,o#et$a &+ 2"l" '-o%2en". U,re(o-or"ma $o%" &+ ,ret4o'"l" +&tano-l%a-an%+ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a %a&no &e,o$a*alo 'a o're)en" 2ro% &taln"4 #lano-a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" &matra Tr"2+nal mo(+3om*a,re$om &,ora*+mnom r%e0en%+ $r"*e. Po&e2no %e R+&"%a *a$+l"&no '%elo-ala $a$o 2" &e+-%er"la 'a 3e Tr"2+nal 2"t" &amo <a&a'a. N" mot"-" SAD>a n"&+ 2"l" na%#"03". la-n" amer"#$",re(o-ara# na 5al$an+/ R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e/ ,r"*nao %e 'a &e + n%e(o-o% -la'" Tr"2+nal&4-a3a

! a&4"n(ton %e "*me)+ o&talo( 2"o + ,o&%e'+ &n"m$" tele<on&$"4 ra*(o-ora/ a tran&$r",te ne$"4o' n%"4 %e Al ore/ amer"#$" ,ot,re'&%e'n"$/ ,re'o#"o e+ro,&$"m ,o&re'n"c"ma +$l%+#en"ma +,roce& ,re(o-aran%a o m"r+ + 5o&n"/ ,r" %e'nom &+&ret+ + a+(+&t+ 1G. + 5"%elo% $+3".

1!



$ao o2"#no &re'&t-o *a %a-n+ +,otre2+ " $ao ,ol"t"#$" $or"&tan "n&tr+ment. a&4"n(ton %e

m"&l"o 'a 3e Tr"2+nal/ #a$ " a$o 2+'e &+'"o te$ 'r+(ora*re'n"m $r"-c"ma/ &-o%"mo,t+n"cama ,ome&t" $r"t"$e $o%e -el"$"m &"lama *am%era%+ 'a n"&+ 'o-ol%no +#"n"le 'a*a+&ta-e $r-o,rol"3e. O,t+n"ce &+ tre2ale ,o&l+"t" " 'a '",lomat&$" "*ol"ra%+ -o)eo&+mn%"#ene *a *lo#"ne/ 'a o%a#a%+ n%"4o-e ,rot"-n"$e na +n+tarn%o% ,o*orn"c" " 'a,ota$n+ me)+naro'n+ ,ol"t"#$+ -ol%+ 'a ,o&e(ne *a (o&,o'ar&$"m &an$c"%ama "l" *a&"lom. SAD " Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a m"&l"le &+ + ,o#et$+ 'a 3e o,t+n"ca ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a&man%"t" "*(le'e *a m"r/ al" &+ +2r*o &4-at"le 'a %e ona '%elot-oran "n&tr+ment *a&oton"*"ran%e &r,&$o( -o)e " o'ra-an%e ,o'r0$e %a-no&t" NATO>o-+ 2om2ar'"ran%+Sr2"%e/ ,"0e ta'a amer"#$" ,ra-n"$ M"c4ael Sc4ar</ $o%" %e ,r"%e tr" (o'"ne 2"o %e'an o'&a&ta-l%a#a Stat+ta Tr"2+nala.B

Petnae&t (la&o-a *a/ n"%e'an ,rot"-/ nema &+*'ran"4/ Re*ol+c"%a %e %e'no(la&no,r"4-a3ena. Ta$o %e G. ma%a 1!. (o'"ne R+&$" -ele,o&lan"$ $o%" ,re'&%e'a V"%e3em&"(+rno&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a na%a-"o &t-aran%e Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a 2"-0+

J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89/ ,r-e me)+naro'ne &+'2ene "n&tance ,o&l"%e S+'o-a + N+rn2er(+ " To$"%+. To %e ,o-"%e&n" tren+ta$.G

Prot"- mrn%e " 2ar2ar&t-a $o%" ta'a 2%e&ne o$o Sara%e-a/ e+ro,&$o( (ra'a $o%" -e3 '+l%eo' (o'"ne 'ana m+#en"#$" ,o'no&" 2om2ar'"ran%a 0to "4 -%erno ,reno&e me)+naro'n" TV,ro(ram"/ ,re' "&,"%en"m l"c"ma m+&l"man&$"4 *aro2l%en"$a &r,&$"4 lo(ora + Pr"%e'or+/ o'$o%"4 2" &e o'-rat"o ,o(le' 'a "4 me'"%" n"&+ &,a&"l" o' *a2ora-a +&re' l%eta 1./mo3n"c" "&t"#+ &l"$+ c"-"l"*ac"%e *a&no-ane na ,ra-+ $ao 0to &e ne$a'a ,re' Ant"$r"&tomma4alo ra&,elom. Jer/ #a$ n" a$o (a%" &an o ,o2%e'" ,ra-a na' na&"l%em &amo &na(om

&-o%"4 o&+'a " &-o%e ra*+mno&t"/ ,ra-'a ne moe *a+&ta-"t" rat. Ne moe *am"%en"t",ol"t"#$o '%elo-an%e %er %o% n"%e +lo(a 'a '%el+%e/ ne(o 'a &+'".

N"%e -r"%eme a$c"%e/ ne(o "*%a-a o 'o2r"m nam%erama. Um%e&to o'(o-ora na rat/ mo3n"c""&,"r+ +&ta +n"-er*aln"m -r"%e'no&t"ma #o-%e#no&t" $o%a &e ,ono-o "*-r(a-a%+ r+(l+. S-"%etreal,ol"t"$e +,+0ta &e + ,o'r+#%e l"%e,"4 o&%e3a%a/ *a4t"%e-a moralne &ta-o-e/ ,r"'r++%e&e (n+0an%+ me)+naro'no( %a-no( mn"%en%a/ ,re'lae *a+&ta-l%an%e *lo#"na +m%e&tone,o&re'n"%e "nter-enc"%e 'a "4 *a+&ta-". Vel"$e &"le nat%e#+ &e + &-%e'o#en%+ &-o%e -ol%e'a ,re$"n+ c"$l+& na&"l%a/ o&-ete " mrn%e. U-%era-a%+ 'a 3e Tr"2+nal 2"t" or+%eo'-ra3an%a/ 'a %e on -e3 &a'a ,r"%etn%a o'(o-orn"ma *a na%o'-ratn"%e *lo#"ne.

O-om a$c"%om "*%a-l%+%emo -ama/ rt-ama/ 'a -a0a a(on"%a/ -a0e rt-o-an%e " -a0ana'a + ,ra-'+ n"&+ *anemaren". A on"ma $o%" &+ ,o#"n"l" +a&ne *lo#"ne %a&no $aemo 'a3e ratn" *lo#"nc" 2"t" $a*neno ,ro(on%en" " 'a 3e ,ra-'a 2"t" *a'o-ol%ena/ "*%a-l%+%e ,re'V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t/ -ele,o&lan"ca SAD>a ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma.

1B



I7T8 %e ro)en "* el%e 'ra-a #lan"ca V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ "*-r0ne -la&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ "

na temel%+ ,o(la-l%aVII. Po-el%e UN>a/ ono( "&to( ,o(la-l%a $o%e 'o,+0ta &-a$" o2l"$ +,l"tan%a/ +$l%+#+%+3" ",r"2%e(a-an%e &"l"/ $a$o 2" &e *a+&ta-"lo etn"#$o #"03en%e. M"&"%a $o%a m+ %e ,o-%erena=tra"t" " ,ro(on"t" o&o2e $o%e &e &matra $r"-"ma *a te0$a $r0en%a me)+naro'no(4+man"tarno( ,ra-a o' %an+ara 11. + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%".

Stat+t Tr"2+nala o&"(+ra-a neo-"&no&t ,ra-o&+)a. O're)+%e 'a &+ &+c" neo-"&n" 6#lana$1.9 " 'a t+"tel%/ o'(o-oran *a "&tra(+ ,re'meta " *a "*-o)en%e ,ro(ona ne tra" " ne,r"ma +,+te n" o' $o%e -la'e n"t" $o%e(a 'r+(o( "*-ora 6#lana$ 1;.9. Uo&talom/ 'ra-e &+o2a-e*ne ,ot,+no &+ra)"-at" & Tr"2+nalom " 2e* o'la(an%a o'(o-or"t" na &-a$" *a4t%e- *a,omo3 "l" na &-a$" nalo( $o%" &e/ me)+ o&tal"m/ o'no&" na ,r"$+,l%an%e &-%e'o#en%a "

"*-o)en%e 'o$a*a/ $ao " na +4"3en%e " *at-aran%e o&o2a " na 'o-o)en%e o,t+en"4 ,re'S+' 6#lana$ .9. Vel"$e &+ &"le &t-or"le na ,a,"r+ (oto-o "'ealno &+'"0te. to/,ara'o$&alno/ 'o$a*+%e 'a n"&+ n"$a'a m"&l"le 'a 3e ono %e'no(a 'ana " ,rora'"t". Otome &-%e'o#" Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t= La$o %e 2"lo "*(la&at"

B Sc4ar< M"c4ael/ In'"cte' <or ar 7r"me&/ t4en ?4at/ a&4"n(ton Po&t/ !. o$to2ra 1.

G Tr"2+nal %e +&,o&ta-l%en '-%ema Re*ol+c"%ama V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" UN>a/ 2r. : o' . <e2r+ara1!. " 2r. o' G. ma%a 1!./ $o%e +t-r)+%+ n%e(o-o o&n"-an%e " o2a-e*+%+ &-e 'ra-e na,+n+ &+ra'n%+ & I7T8>em. Tr"2+nal %e &m%e0ten + Ha(/ + N"*o*em&$o%.

1G



Re*ol+c"%+/ al" ta'a n"t$o n"%e *am"0l%ao 'a 2" ta$a- Tr"2+nal mo(ao %e'no( 'ana

,ro<+n$c"on"rat". S-" &+ m"&l"l" 'a n"$a' ne3e 2"t" o,t+en"4/ n" ,roce&a. Ca$ &+ "na%o,t"m"&t"#n"%" ,r"4-a3al" 'a ne3e n"$a'a 2"t" ,re&+'a/ n"$a'a "*r"can%a $a*ne.;

N"t$o &e ne *a-ara-a. Da 2" "&,+n"o &-o%+ m"&"%+/ Tr"2+nal o-"&" o 'o2ro% -ol%" &-o%"4o&n"-a#a + V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" " o n%"4o-"m ,ol"t"#$"m "ntere&"ma.

S+tra'an na$on ,ola(an%a *a$let-e ,r-"4 &+'aca/ 1. no-em2ra 1!. me)+naro'n"t"&a$ ,o$a*+%e &$e,t"c"*am 'o$ &e + 5o&n" na&ta-l%a%+ rat " *lo#"n"= S+' o&+)en nane+&,%e4 Kre*+2" &+' Al"2"= -el"$e &"le &amo trae na#"na 'a +m"re &a-%e&t/ o&+mn%"#en""&to'o2no &+'%el+%+ + m"ro-n"m ra*(o-or"ma ,o' ,o$ro-"tel%&t-om U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a.

Polo"l" &mo *a$let-+ 1. no-em2ra " o'l+#"l" &mo ,o#et$om 'ecem2ra ot"3" $+3"/

,r"&%e3a &e tal"%an&$" &+'ac Anton"o 7a&&e&e/ ,r-" ,re'&%e'n"$ Tr"2+nala. Po&to%al" &+&amo &+c"/ n"0ta 'r+(o 6...9 U ,o#et$+ n"&mo "mal" n" ,rora#+n. U%e'"n%en" naro'" na0l" &+malo no-ca/ ne0to &a&-"m malo *a &l%e'e3a tr" m%e&eca/ $ao $a' &e 'a%e '%etet+ +*,re,or+$+ 'a ne ,otro0" &-e o'%e'nom. Ka$o ,o$ren+t" &+' $a' ne moete n" *a,o&l"t"l%+'e 'o'a%e n%e(o-a amer"#$a $ole("ca/ a2r"elle K"r$ McDonal'. A J+noa<r"$anacR"c4ar' ol'&tone/ ,r-" t+"tel% I7T8>a 'ome3e= Ka' &am &t"(ao + S+'/ + a+(+&t+ 1B./'-orane &+ 2"le ,ra*ne/ 2"lo %e &amo ne$ol"$o &tolaca " &tolo-a. Ca$ " on" & na%2ol%"mnam%erama ,re$r""l" &+ Tr"2+nal/ 'a " ne (o-or"m o ,rot"-n"c"ma ,ra-o&+)a.

N"$a'a n"%e 2"lo -ol%e *a &t-aran%em +#"n$o-"ta " &amo&talna ,ra-no( "n&tr+menta/ a$re'"2"l"tet &lat$or%e#"-"4 ,ro(la&a *a,a'n"4 -la&t" o 2e*re*er-no% ,o'r0c" 2or2" ,rot"-ne$an%"-o&t" -rlo %e mal". Jer ,rema lo("c" -"0"4 'ra-n"4 o2*"ra/ amne&t"%a &e +-"%e$&matrala (la-n"m '",lomat&$"m a'+tom. Ma $a$o o'-ano "*(le'ala/ o-a (e&ta &amo %e$r"n$a $o%a &$r"-a 4",o$r"*"%+ -el"$"4 &"la/ $o%"ma &e +r" 'a na na%%e<t"n"%" na#"n ola$0a%+&a-%e&t na $o%+ "4 +,o*ora-a n%"4o-o %a-no mn"%en%e/ '+2o$o ,otre&eno *lo#"n"ma #"%"o,&e( " &tra4ota *a&l++%+ o'(o-or. O-a% &+'/ $o%" 'ono&" tol"$o na'e/ *a o&n"-a#e %e&amo "*-or $or"&t". V+l(arno ,ol"t"#$o "&$or"0ta-an%e %e'ne o' na%l%e,0"4 +to,"%a/,ot"&$"-an%a 2ar2ar&t-a. Je'"no r%e0en%e 'a &e "*2%e(ne &-a$" *a,let $o%" 2" 'o-eo 'ome)+naro'no( -o%no( +,l"tan%a + 5o&n". Sre'&t-o $o%em+ %e + na%2ol%em &l+#a%+nam%ena o'-ra3an%e *lo#"naca o' na&ta-l%an%a n%"4o-"4 '%ela/ " ,o&e2no/ ,ot"can%e,ot"catel%a na *lo#"ne 'a &e ,o$a+ ra*+mn"%"ma *a ,re(o-ara#$"m &tolom. Za&tor na'nemo3"/ ,o'lo&t" " ne&,o&o2no&t" -el"$"4 'emo$rac"%a 'a *a+&ta-e #o-%e$a $o%" &+ro-"m$am,an%ama etn"#$o( #"03en%a/ + &rc+ E+ro,e " ,re' o#"ma me)+naro'n"4 $amera/o2na-l%a na%(ora &%e3an%a "* Dr+(o( &-%et&$o( rata.

Al" Re*ol+c"%a ot-or"t 3e ",a$ no-e o2*ore. Jer ta "n"c"%at"-a/ +nato# ,o'-al"/ &a'r",ro%e$t $o%" 'ono&" na'+/ na'+ + %a#an%e ,ra-a " $an%a-an%e *lo#"naca. Ulo(a o-o(a &+'a

1;



na'"la*" V"%e3e &"(+rno&t"/ na'"la*" (ran"ce 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e/ na'"la*" le("t"mne ten%e

rta-a " me)+naro'no( %a-no( mn"%en%a. Ten%a *a "&t"nom " ,ra-'om + &-"%et+ $o%e %o0+-"%e$ o,&%e'a%+ 'emon" $ona#no( r%e0en%a na -"'l%"- &e na#"n o'+,rla ,re0+3"-an%+

%e'n"4 " ot-orenom ,rot"-l%en%+ 'r+("4. Hla'n" rat &,r"%e#"o %e ra)an%e me)+naro'no( ,ra>-o&+)a/ o2e3ano( ,o&l"%e ,onora 4olo$a+&ta/ + ,olet+ &-e#ano( o2e3an%a n"$a' -"0e.

Ka' %e 2",olarn" &-"%et nano-o &,o%en/ mo(ao &e $ona#no ro'"t" ,ro%e$t ta$o '+(oo#e$"-ano(a me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Ia$o (a %e 'on"%ela me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca -rlo'-o%2en"4 nam%era/ &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779 ,o%a-l%+%e &e $ao ,r"ro'n"re*+ltat to(a *a4t%e-a *a ,ra-'om/ $o%" &e &talno

; Al2r"(4t Ma'ele"ne/ &-%e'o#en%e na &a&l+0an%+ na &+)en%+ 5"l%an" Pla-0"3/ I7T8/ 'ecem2ar ::.

Pet &taln"4 #lano-a &+ SAD/ Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a/ Franc+&$a/ R+&"%a " K"na. R+&"%a/ a naro#"to K"na/o,re'"%el"t 3e &e *a ,a&"-n"%e 'ran%e " na&ta-a$ &-o%e ,ol"t"$e/ ,re,+0ta%+3" o&tal"m tr"ma &taln"m#lano-"ma 'a r%e0a-a%+ ,ro2leme I7T8>a. Po&ta%+ a$t"-n"%e te$ $a' &e 'o)e 'o o(ran"#en%a,rora#+na " *a(o-aran%a *at-aran%a S+'a.

8 Klar"n M"r$o " V"'a$o-"3 M"na/ Unato# &-em+/ De&et ,r-"4 (o'"na Tr"2+nala/ 'o$+mentarac/Sen&e TV/ Ha(/ ::!. 4tt,=@@???.&en&e>a(enc.com.

1

http://www.sense-agency.com/

http://www.sense-agency.com/



-ra3a %o0 o' '-a'e&et"4 (o'"na . &tol%e3a. O&n"-an%e S+'o-a + Nrn2er(+ " To$"%+

,o&l"%e Dr+(o( &-%et&$o( rata o*na#a-a 2"tn+ eta,+ + o&-%e0ta-an%+ ,otre2e *ame)+naro'n"m &+'om $o%" 3e &+'"t" *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". I,a$/ t" ,r-" &+'o-"&"m2ol"*"ra%+ ,ra-'+ ,o2%e'n"$a. Ota'a &+ 'ra-e ,ot,"&ale ene-&$e $on-enc"%e + -er*"%""* 1B./ 0to %e &ama 2"t me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a/ te &e o2a-e*ale 'a 3e,ro(on"t" &-e ,re$r0"tel%e t"4 te$&to-a. Al" 4la'n" rat ,re&%e$ao %e ta% ,olet + $or"&t&t-aran%a &talne me)+naro'ne %+r"&'"$c"%e/ neo-"&ne o 'ra-ama. Zlo#"n" &+ &e $aoo'-ratna " (n+&na l"tan"%a na&ta-"l" o' A<r"$e 'o Kam2o'e/ o' Ka-$a*a 'o 5l"&$o( "&to$a.Stal%"no-e #"&t$e " $"ne&$a $+lt+rna re-ol+c"%a o&tale &+ ne$an%ene. 7r-en" Kmer"&matran" &+ ,o0to-an"m &+(o-orn"c"ma + #a&+ m"ro-n"4 ,re(o-ora. D"$tator" "* Lat"n&$eAmer"$e mo(l" &+ le(al"*"rat" 'el"$t m"0l%en%a " tort+r+ %er %e to 2"la *a,re$a 0"ren%+$om+n"*ma.

A Sa'am H+&e"n n"%e ,o2"%e)en + ,r-om Zal%e-&$om rat+ *ato 0to %e ,r"2%e(ao $em"%&$omor+%+ ,rot"- c"-"lno( $+r'&$o( &tano-n"0t-a.

Prema ,r"m%er+ S+'o-a + Nrn2er(+ " To$"%+ I7T8 %e *a'+en 'a &+'" *a (enoc"'/ *lo#"ne,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" " ratne *lo#"ne. Kao o'(o-or na (enoc"' $o%" &to 'ana 4ara R+an'om/o&ta-l%a%+3" na *elen"m 2re+l%c"ma te a<r"#$e -"car&$e 2l"*+ m"l"on o&a$a3en"4 le0"na/V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" o&n"-a + no-em2r+ 1B. 'r+(" me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'. O-e '-"%e"n&tance/ &t-orene ,o' ,o$ro-"tel%&t-om UN>a ,r"'on"%et 3e ,ono-nom %a-l%an%+ "'e%e o&talnom me)+naro'nom ,ra-o&+)+.

S"t+ac"%a %e ,o&e2no ,o-ol%na *a o&t-aren%e to(a &taro( &m%elo( &na. V"0e nema

2lo$o-&$e lo("$e/ &+$o2a ne,om"rl%"-"4 "'eolo("%a/ ,r"%etn%e a,o$al",>t"#n"m $ao&om $o%+no&" atom&$o or+%e. Unato# &-e 2ro%n"%"m &+$o2"ma na ,er"<er"%" >5al$an/ R+an'a/Somal"%a/ Ce#en"%a "t'. >,o&l"%e ,a'a 5erl"n&$o( *"'a #"n" &e 'a &+ (la-ne o,a&no&t"ot$lon%ene. O&no-na na#ela $o%a +,ra-l%a%+ na0"m 'emo$rac"%ama ,r"-la#e &-e -"0e*emal%a. C"n" &e 'a %e &-"%et *a0ao + no-+ er+. Ne$" #a$ -"'e 'a 'ola*" $ra% Po-"%e&t".Pr"l"$a $o%a &e ta'a %a-l%a *a &taln" $a*nen" &+' &a-r0ena %e "/ 2e* &+mn%e/ %e'"n&t-ena. To'o$a*+%e/ a ,o&ter"or"/ ra*'o2l%e na$on 11. &e,tem2ra ::1. " -el"$" me)+naro'n" nere'$o%" 3e &e + n%em+ ot$r"t".

O' 1G. %+na 'o 1G. %+la 1. R"m&$a $on<erenc"%a *a$l%+#+%e &e &t-aran%em te no-e "tol"$o o#e$"-ane &+'&$e "n&tance/ &talno( Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779.Pot,"&"-an%e R"m&$o( +(o-ora 1. %+la 1. $o%" %e ,ot,"&alo &to '-a'e&et 'ra-a,re'&ta-l%a o'l+#an tren+ta$ + na&t+,an%+ me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e & +n"-er*alnom-o$ac"%om/ $o%a 3e mo'a %e'no( 'ana +&,%et" $an%a-at" *lo#"ne " 0t"t"t" -e3" 2ro% rta-a.O,arene "&$+&t-om '-a%+ Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a/ t"m #+'o-"0tem $o%e &+&t-or"l"/ al" $o%e "m malo ,omalo "*m"#e/ 'ra-e &+ nametn+le &talnom Me)+naro'nom

1



$a*nenom &+'+ 6I779 o(ran"#en%a $o%a o*2"l%no &+a-a%+ n%e(o-o ,ol%e '%elo-an%a.1:

Unato# o-"m o(ran"#en%"ma/ #"n" &e ",a$ 'a %e ,roce& ne,o-ratno $ren+o. Staln"Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779 ra)a &e 11. a,r"la ::. $a' %e 'o&e(n+t ,ra( o'

I'e%a o me)+naro'nom $a*nenom ,ra-o&+)+/ na'lenom *a &+)en%e ,o%e'"nc"ma o'(o-orn"ma*a me)+naro'ne *lo#"ne/ n"%e no-a. Po$+0ala &e o&t-ar"t" $ro* c"%elo . &tol%e3e. I'e%a o &+'+ *a$an%a-an%e *lo#"na "l4elma II./ $o%a &e &+(er"ra Ver&a%&$"m +(o-orom 11. na,+0tena %e/ $ao "me)+naro'ne %+r"&'"$c"%e $o%e %e tre2alo &t-or"t" 'a 2" &t+,"la na &na(+ ene-&$a $on-enc"%a "*1!. o ,re-enc"%" " re,re&"%" teror"*ma/ N%+%or0$a $on-enc"%a "* 1B. o &,re#a-an%+ " $an%a-an%+*lo#"na (enoc"'a " Kon-enc"%a o &+*2"%an%+ " ,re-enc"%" *lo#"na a,art4e%'a "* 1!.

1: S+,rotno I7T8>+/ &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779 ,r"m%en%+%e na#elo $om,lementarno&t" "

nema/ 'a$le/ ,r-en&t-o ,re' nac"onaln"m &+'&t-"ma. Teor"%&$"/ &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' %e'"n"o %e m%e&to ('%e %e $a*nena ,ra-'a ,lanetarno na'lena/ 2e* (eo(ra<&$o( o(ran"#en%a. Al"2+'+#" 'a %e +&,o&ta-l%en +(o-orom/ + ,ra$&" %e na'lean &amo na ,o'r+#%+ *emal%a ,ot,"&n"ca. A&-a$a %e *eml%a &lo2o'na 'a (a ,ot,"0e "l" ne ,ot,"0e. O-la&t" t+"tel%a &man%ene &+ n%e(o-omo2a-e*om 'a tra" 'o*-ol+ &+'aca *a ,o$retan%e "&tra(a. Uo&talom/ #lana$ 1B n%e(o-a &tat+ta/+-e'en na "n"c"%at"-+ Franc+&$e/ omo(+3+%e &-a$o% 'ra-" 'a na &e'am (o'"na o'2"%e na'leno&tS+'a *a ,ret,o&ta-l%ene ratne *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene na n%e*"n+ ter"tor"%+. O&"m to(a/ #lana$ .'o,+0ta 'ra-ama $o%e n"&+ ,ot,"&n"ce 'a "*+*m+ o' na'leno&t" S+'a &-o%e (ra)ane a$o ,o#"ne*lo#"n +n+tar (ran"ca *emal%a ,ot,"&n"ca U(o-ora/ naro#"to a$o ,ot,"0+ 2"lateraln" +(o-or &a*eml%ama #lan"cama. O-a o(ran"#en%a/ $o%a &+ nametn+le -el"$e &"le/ "ma%+ *a c"l% + ,r-om re'+*a0t"t"t" n%"4o- nac"onaln" &+-eren"tet " &+*"t" ,ol%e '%elo-an%a me)+naro'no( &+'&t-a.

1



0e*'e&et *emal%a $o%e &+ rat"c"rale R"m&$" &,ora*+m. Po#"n%e '%elo-at" 1. %+la ::.11

Nam%ena m+ %e 'a &+'" *a (enoc"'/ *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" " ratne *lo#"ne/ *lo#"ne,o#"n%ene na%#e03e +* ,omo3 lo$aln"4 -la&t" $o%e &+/ *2o( to(a/ r"%et$o &$lone $an%a-at""4 ,re' &-o%"m &+'o-"ma. Ta$o &-a$" no-" Pol Pot/ A+(+&to P"noc4et "l" Sa'am H+&e"n -"0ene3e mo3" '%elo-at" ,ot,+no ne$an%eno.

rt-e no&e + &e2" *a4t%e- *a r"%e#%+ "&t"ne " ,ra-'e/ 2e* #e(a &e ne mo(+ o,ora-"t" ,o&l"%e(enoc"'a "l" &-a$o( 'r+(o( ma&o-no( *lo#"na. H-ata%+ &e *a t+ na'+ $o%a &e ra)a,o%a-om me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a. U tome trae &,a&. Kao " o&tata$ #o-%e#an&t-a$o%e *na 'a %e ran%"-o. Ko%e *na " 'a (a %e &amo ,ore'a$ $o%" na'"la*" (ran"ce " &e2"name3e ,ra( ne'o,+&t"-o(a $ao %e'"n"c+ -r"%e'no&t"/ &,o&o2an *a0t"t"t" o' &$retan%a,ol"t"$e " o' rata. To %e +lo(a &+'2eno( re'a + &l+2" Co-%e$a " n%e(o-"4 ,ra-a/

na&l"%e)ena o' N"rn2er0$o( &+'a/ o2o(a3ena o'on'a 2ro%n"m me)+naro'n"m$on-enc"%ama. U,ra-o ta% re' ,o$+0a-a%+ +-e&t" me)+naro'ne ,ra-o&+'ne +&tano-e. Al"one &e $re3+ ,o m"n"ranom teren+ %er tol"$o mo(+ ,one$a' 2"t" &+,rot&ta-l%en" ,r"or"tet"me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e " me)+naro'ne ,ol"t"$e.

Me)+naro'no $a*neno &+'&t-o na&t+,"lo %e ,o' *na$om %e'no( ne&,ora*+ma/ #a$,r"%e-are. Jer &+ moral " ,ra-o $or"0ten" 'a ,r"$r"%+ o'+&ta%an%e. U&+'"l" 2" &e re3"/ "*'a%+/

%er to o'+&ta%an%e o' ,re$"'a *ama4a o$r+tno&t" + &rc+ E+ro,e ne"*2%eno %e ,oma$lo(ran"ce ne'o,+&t"-o(a. Vel"$e &"le &+ + I7T8>+ (le'ale te$ c"-"l"*"ran na#"n ,o$a*"-an%a&na(e/ %e'no o' or+%a + &l+2" m"ra. N%"me &+ ma4ale $ao Damo$lo-"m ma#em $a$o 2",r"%et"le na%o'(o-orn"%"ma " +2r*al" ,re(o-ore. V"0" 'ra-n" o2*"r" ,on+'"l" &+ ta$o ratn"m-o)ama "*2or "*me)+ m"ra "l" *at-ora. Da 2" +&,or"l" n%e(o- &+'2en" ar " "*2%e(l" 'a

+(ro*" "*(le'e *a m"r "l" 'a ne ,o&tane 0tetan *a ra' '",lomata no-" "n&tr+ment morao %e o&tat" ,o' na'*orom. Pa " ,o' c"%en+ 'a &e ,on"0t" n%e(o-o '%elo-an%e. Me)+naro'n"$a*nen" &+' *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89/ 2e* &+mn%e -"0e ne(o " %e'an 'r+("/ *am"0l%en %e'a + ,r-om re'+ &l+" ,ol"t"c"/ a ne ,ra-'". O2e3an%a -el"$"4 'emo$rat&$"4 &"la 2"le &+&amo tla,n%e. t"t"t" "&t"n+ " ,ra-'+ &amo $a' &+ ,ol"t"#$" $or"&ne/ a ,o2"%at" "4 &-a$" ,+t$a' to n"&+/ ,o' "*l"$om 'a 2" &l"%e,o ,o$ora-an%e moralnom "m,erat"-+/ ne 2r"n+3" *a,o&l%e'"ce/ 2"lo $o2no *a ,ol"t"#$e -la&t" &-%e'o#" o *a2r"n%a-a%+3o% *2rc". Jerme)+naro'na ,ra-'a ne o-"&" o a,&tra$tnom "l" a,&ol+tnom moral+ $o%" 2" &-o%"mlanc"ma *aro2"o ,ol"t"#$e -la&t" 'o te m%ere 'a "4 +#"n" nemo3n"ma " ta$o 'o-e'e &-"%et +o,a&no&t. Ona &e *a&n"-a na &$+,+ "m,erat"-n"4 " %a&n"4 ,ra-"la $o%"ma %e c"l% *a0t"t"t"#o-%e#an&t-o o' na%te"4 ,atn%" $o%e m+ &e nano&e " na $o%e &+ &e &ame 'ra-eo2a-e*ale ,r"4-a3an%em me)+naro'n"4 $on-enc"%a ,o&l"%e tra+me 4olo$a+&ta.Me)+naro'na ,ra-'a n"%e + &+,rotno&t" & m"rom *ato 0to o'2"%a ne$an%"-o&t/ $a$o %o%,re#e&to ,re'2ac+%+ '",lomat". Ona %e/ 2a0 na,rot"-/ %e'an o' +-%eta m"ra 'o $o%e(a'o-o'" -ol%om 'a ,re$"ne & ne$an%"-o03+.

:



U tom $onte$&t+ &+mn%"#en%a te0$o %e S+'+ +#-r&t"t" &amo&talan ,oloa%/ a 'a ne 'o2"%e

e&to$"4 +'araca. Po-"%e&t Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a ,o-"%e&t %e "(ra#a '+'a*al+talo( + 2o$&a#$" r"n( +&re' ,r-en&t-a te0$e $ate(or"%e. +rn+t +&re' '+n(leme)+naro'n"4 o'no&a/ + +lo*" %e no-a%l"%e o'ma4 2a#eno( na ,o'/ al" 'o-ol%no o$retno('a &e ,r"'"(ne ,o&l"%e &-a$o( &,e$ta$+larno( no$a+ta " ta$o &,r"%e#" ,rot"-n"$a 'a la$o*a$l%+#" 2or2+. Za$+l"&ne $+4"n%e me)+naro'n"4 ,o&lo-a &l"#n"%e &+ *a'"ml%enom 3+me*+"* lma Lo-ac na %elene 6T4e Deer H+nter9/ ('%e &+ &-e "(re nam%e0tene/ ne(o "'"l"#n"m&l"$ama $o%e nam ,r"$a*+%+ nal"c$an" '",lomat" ra*(la2a%+3" o &-"%et+/ (oto-o t"4o/ +ra&$o0n"m &alon"ma ne$e ,ala#e "l" $on<erenc"%&$o( centra. Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+''+(+%e &-o%e ,re"-l%a-an%e " &-o%e +&,%e4e &amo &na*" " le("t"mno&t" &-o%e( man'ata $o%"nalae $a*nen" ,ro(on o'(o-orn"4 *a ma&o-ne *lo#"ne. O' ,r"ta%en"4 rato-a 'o &"lo-"tera*m%ene -atre/ o' *a-rtan%a r+$e 'o n%e*"na &t"&$a/ o' 'en"t"-n"4 ,re$"'a 'o

$rat$otra%n"4 *2l"a-an%a/ ,ol"t"#$a " &+'2ena -la&t ne &la+ &e 'o2ro na me)+naro'no%,o*orn"c" ('%e &e tr+'e *a%e'n"#$" '%elo-at". To ne #+'"/ & o2*"rom 'a +t%elo-l%+%+ '-"%era*l"#"te lo("$e/ o' $o%"4 %e'na '%el+%e + "me ,o&e2no(a/ nac"onalne &+-ereno&t"/ -"0"4'ra-n"4 ra*lo(a 'r+(a + "me +n"-er*alno&t" o&no-n"4 -r"%e'no&t" #o-%e#an&t-a " + "me*a$ona. Ka$o 2" &e +&$la'"l" t" o'no&"/ morat 3e &e #e$at" 'a/ $ao + 'emo$rac"%ama/o'no&" ,ol"t"#$e mo3"

11 Sre'"nom ::. &to " #et"r" o' &to 'e-e'e&et " %e'ne *eml%e #lan"ce U%e'"n%en"4 naro'arat"c"ralo %e Staln" me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779. SAD/ K"na/ R+&"%a/ In'"%a " I*rael o&ta%+ me)+*eml%ama $o%e $o%e n"&+ rat"c"rale ta% U(o-or.

1



,re&tan+ ,r"%e#"t" "*-r0a-an%e &+'2ene -la&t" " 'a ne 2+'+ *a,re$a n%e*"no% ne*a-"&no&t".

Pra-'a %e 2e* to(a ,roma0en ,ro%e$t/ o&+)en na ne+&,%e4. 5e* "$a$-e &+mn%e la$0e %eo$+,l%at" o$o na%man%e( *a%e'n"#$o( na*"-n"$a " "*(ra)"-at" $omerc"%aln+ &tran+(lo2al"*ac"%e ne(o (ra'"t" n%e*"n+ ,ra-o&+'n+ &tran+ o$o na%-"0"4 &tan'ar'a o $o%"manema c%en$an%a/ $a$o on"4 ,ra-n"4 ta$o " o$o &tro("4 o2a-e*a $ao 0to %e o'(o-orno&t,re' *a$onom *a &-o%a '%ela #a$ " $a' *a+*"mamo na%-"0e <+n$c"%e.

U me)+-remen+/ na&ta-"t 3e &e o-o &+#el%a-an%e "*me)+ me)+naro'n"4 ,ra-o&+'n"4"n&tanc" $o%e ne ele 2"t" ,ret-orene + ,ol"t"#$e "n&tr+mente " ,ol"t"#$e $la&e $o%a ne el"2"t" talac me)+naro'n"4 ,ra-o&+'n"4 "n&tanc". Me)+naro'n" &+'o-" trae ne*a-"&no&t/ a,ol"t"#$e -o)e ele *a'rat" mo(+3no&t ne,o0to-an%a ,ra-"la $a' ona o(ran"#a-a%+n%"4o-+ mo(+3no&t '%elo-an%a na me)+naro'no% ,o*orn"c". Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'o-"/

a 'ana& %o0 -"0e &taln" Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e/ o&lo2o'"t 3e &e +t%eca%a ,ol"t"$e &amoa$o 2e* ,re&tan$a *a4t"%e-a%+ neo-"&no&t $o%a "m ,o ,ra-+ ,r",a'a. I +m%e&to 'a o'ma4,ro(la0a-amo ne+&,%e4 me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e/ +,"ta%mo &e na%,r"%e tre2a l" o&+)"-at" t+,ra-'+ + *a#et$+ *ato 0to 'o &a'a n"%e *nala o&-o%"t" &-o%+ neo-"&no&t 2e* $o%e ne moe,o&tat" +n"-er*alnom/ "l" tre2a ,r"%e o,t+"-at" -ol%+ 'ra-a 'a %o% &talno &+a-a%+,o'r+#%e '%elo-an%a.

Nemo%mo n"$a'a *a2ora-"t"= #a$ " a$o &e 'ana& nametn+o $ao ,rete#a me)+naro'no(,ra-a + na&ta%an%+/ I7T8 n"%e n" &t-oren 'a +&,"%e. Ma $ol"$o &e to #"n"lo 0o$antn"m/ n"%e&t-oren *ato 'a &+'" na%o'(o-orn"%"m ,ol"t"#$"m " -o%n"m '+no&n"c"ma *a $r-o,rol"3a +2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%"/ ne(o 'a 2" &e mo(lo c%en$at" 'a%+3" "m ne$an%"-o&t + *am%en+ *a m"r.A &-" &+ *nal" " ,r"ro'+ " o2+%am *lo#"na/ $ao " "mena (la-n"4 o&+mn%"#en"4. La?rence

Ea(le2+r(er/ amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ ot$r"o %e to 1;. 'ecem2ra 1. + ene-"/ ne$ol"$o'ana ,r"%e na,+0tan%a &-o%"4 <+n$c"%a= Vrlo 'o2ro *namo 'a &+ "*-r0en" *lo#"n" ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" *namo " $a'a " ('%e. Znamo " $o%e &+ &na(e "*-r0"le te *lo#"ne/ ,o*nat" &+nam " -o)e $o%" &+ *a,o-"%e'al". A *namo " ,ol"t"#$e -o)eo $o%"ma &+ o-"&"l" " %o0 +-"%e$ o-"&e t" -o%n" *a,o-%e'n"c". Na ,o,"&+ o&+mn%"#en"4 ratn"4*lo#"naca $o%" %e 0e< amer"#$e '",lomac"%e 'ao %a-no&t" nala*"l" &+ &e -e3 on'a Slo2o'anM"lo0e-"3/ Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ Rat$o Mla'"3/ Vo%"&la- e0el%/ el%$o Ranato-"3>Ar$an. I*2or'a "*-r0a-an%e ,ra-'e ,o're'e "m,erat"-+ m"ra " ta$o o'(o'e ,ro(on na%-"0"4o'(o-orn"4 ,ol"t"#$"4 " -o%n"4 '+no&n"$a/ + na'" 'a 3e na%2re *a+&ta-"t" ,atn%e " 'a 3e,re(o-arat"/ n"%e 'o$a*ao &-o%+ +#"n$o-"to&t. 5a0 na,rot"-. M"ro-n" ,lano-" o'2ac"-al" &+&e %e'an *a 'r+("m. Rat &e na&ta-"o/ $ao " 2e&$ona#n" n"* *lo#"na. Sre2ren"ca/ na%-e3"

,o$ol% "$a'a ,o#"n%en + E+ro," ,o&l"%e 1BG./ n"%e &,r"%e#en + %+l+ 1G. to %e %o0 (ore/,o#"n"l" &+ (a on" $o%"ma %e 'o,+0teno 'a &lo2o'no ,ro-o'e &-o%e +2"la#$o l+'"lo m"&le3"'a 3e 2"t" o&lo2o)en" o'(o-orno&t" %er &+ ta'a 2"l" +$l%+#en" + m"ro-n" ,roce&. Ta$o -el"$e&"le o' 1. nema%+ 'r+(o( or+%a ne(o -o%n+ a$c"%+ $a$o 2" *a+&ta-"le no-o



,rol"%e-an%e $r-"/ o-a% ,+t na Ko&o-+. O'(o-orn" *a o-a% no-" +2"la#$" ,o4o' n"%e n"t$o

'r+(" ne(o M"lo0e-"3 " n%e(o-" ,la3en" +2o%"ce/ &-" on" $o%" &+ -e3 2"l" na ,o,"&+o&+mn%"#en"4 ratn"4 *lo#"naca "* 1.1

Vel"$e " male '",lomat&$e na(o'2e + ,r"lo( o-"4 o&+mn%"#en"$a n"*an%em (o'"na "ma&o-n"4 (ro2n"ca ,on"0ta-ale &+ o' &amo( ,o#et$a &-a$+ me)+naro'n+-%ero'o&to%no&t %er &+ "4 &-e &trane &4-a3ale $ao o'+&ta%an%a o' na0"4 -r"%e'no&t" " na0"4'emo$rat&$"4 na#ela. Pr"%etn%a 'a 3e %e'no( 'ana o'(o-arat" *a &-o%e *lo#"ne #a$ "'ra-n" ,o(la-ar"/ 'a$le ,ra-o&+'na <+n$c"%a o'-ra3an%a/ o&tala %e ne'%elot-orna %er n"%e2"la -%ero'o&to%na. Do$le (o' '-o&tr+$" &tan'ar'" " ne$an%"-o&t o&tan+ $ao %e'no o'(la-n"4 or+%a + ar&enal+ real,ol"t"$e/ &+'&$a ,r"%etn%a 2"t 3e +*al+'na. A 'o$le (o'&+'2ena -la&t ne +&,"%e na3" &-o%e ,ra-o m%e&to + o'no&"ma mo3" $o%" " 'al%e -la'a%+ +

me)+naro'n"m o'no&"ma " 'o$ &e ona ne o&t-ar+%e +* 2o$ ,ol"t"#$e -la&t"/ 'a 2"'%elo-ale *a%e'no " $om,lementarno/ + &-"%et+ 3emo 2"t" "*loen" ne,ra-'" " o,a&no&t"/$o%e c"n"*am " &ramotne na(o'2e &amo %o0 -"0e o4ra2r+%+. Do$le (o' real,ol"t"$a 2+'e*na#"la $+$a-"#l+$ " "*'a%+ o&no-n"4 " +n"-er*aln"4 -r"%e'no&t"/ a ne &"non"m *'ra-o(ra*+ma/ m+'ro&t" " 'o&l%e'no&t" + tra(an%+ *a r%e0en%"ma $o%a ,o0t+%+ ta na#ela/ no-"M"lo0e-"3" o' *lo#"na 3e (ra'"t" &+&ta-/ 5"n La'en 3e te"t" +n"0ten%+ &-o%"4 2"-0"4&a-e*n"$a/ no-" Sa'am" H+&e"n" $or"&t"t 3e &e ,l"nom *a -r0en%e (enoc"'a/ Jo&e,4 Konne3e

1 U* "*n"m$+ Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a $o%"/ $a$o &e #"n"/ n"%e n"$a$o ,o-e*an &a *lo#"n"ma,o#"n%en"ma na Ko&o-+. Na,rot"-/ Mla'"3/ ta'a a$t"-n" #a&n"$ &r,&$o>crno(or&$e -o%&$e/ "a$o %e -e32"o o,t+en/ ot"0ao %e 2arem %e'an,+t na Ko&o-o *a -r"%eme $am,an%e etn"#$o( #"03en%a $o%+ %e,ro-o'"o 5eo(ra'.

!



,re'at" or+%e 'o$ ne 2+'e amne&t"ran/ Iran 3e &e ,re'a-at" + r+$e ,"romana/ 5l"&$" "&to$

3e " 'al%e +*(a%at" ,lo'o-e (n%e-a/ a R+&"%a " K"na -"0e 3e -ol%et" $a,"tal"*am ne(o'emo$rac"%+ " l%+'&$a ,ra-a.

Sa- na,re'a$ na0"4 'emo$rac"%a + *a0t"t" l%+'&$o( 2"3a " na'a 'a te -r"%e'no&t" na,re'+%++ &-"%et+ 2"t 3e +*al+'n". Na&t+,an%em me)+naro'no( ,ra-a na ,r"%ela*+ &tol%e3a/*a4-al%+%+3" +to,"%" $o%a %e ,o&tala &t-arno&t/ -%ero-alo &e 'a 3e ,ra-o na,re'o-at" "nametn+t" &e/ ,o&t+,no/ $ao &re'&t-o m"rno( re(+l"ran%a l%+'&$"4 o'no&a na ,lanetarno%ra*"n"/ tamo ('%e %e -la'ala &amo &"la. Sla-" &e +*m"can%e ne$an%"-o&t". Kr+,n"m$orac"ma/ $a$o $a+. To &e ra*+m"%e. Zlo#"n"/ na%#e03e ne$an%a-an"/ $ona#no 'ola*e,re' &+'. e<o-" 'ra-a/ 'one'a-no &"(+rn" 'a n"$a'a ne3e morat" o'(o-arat" *a &-o%a'%ela/ -"0e ne mo(+ m"rno &,a-at". U4"3en%a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/ A+(+&ta P"noc4eta/

Jeana Kam2an'a/

1!

74arle&a Talora "l" Sa'ama H+&e"na ,r"m%er" &+ $o%" ,ot-r)+%+ o-a%&retn" ra*-o%. Pra-'a %e %o0 ne&a-r0ena + &-o%em <+n$c"on"ran%+/ al" n%e*"n %e na,re'a$ne,o2"tan. Ne$" #a$/ 2e* &+mn%e malo ,rerano/ &matra%+ 'a%e ne,o-ratan. St-aran%e&talno( Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779/ $o%" %e ,lo' &,o%a +to,"%e " t-r'o(la-o&t"/,r+a &a'a &-e -e3em 2ro%+ rta-a na'+ 'a 3e &e mo3" o&lo2o'"t" &tra0no( teretane,o,ra-l%"-e ,ro0lo&t"/ ne mora%+3" ,r"2%e(a-at" o&-et".

I7T8 &e ,o'"e/ &-e -"0e " -"0e/ ,one$a' m+$otr,no/ al" +&,"%e-a o&tat" + r"n(+. Znao %e t++na,r"%e' "*(+2l%en+ 2"t$+/ + $o%o% &e n"t$o n"%e $la'"o + n%e(o-e "*(le'e 'a &e o'+,re/ ,a" &amo *a $o%" #a&a$/ ,ret-or"t" + +*2+'l%"-+ 2or2+ #"%" "&4o' " 'ana& o&ta%e ne,re'-"'l%"-.Nam%era m" %e "&,r"#at" -am +,ra-o t+ neo#e$"-an+ +ta$m"c+/ + $o%o% %e &-e &+mn%"-o/ a,r"-"' %o0 -arl%"-"%" ne(o o2"#no.

I. POGLAVLJE

porazum nade, ili kad politika i pravda djeluju slo!no

S-"ma on"ma $o%" &+ &a-%eto-al" "*r+#en%e Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a %a&no &am o'(o-or"o=Ne. Ha0$" &+' %e ,ol"t"#$a "n&t"t+c"%a $o%a nema n"#e( me)+naro'no(. To %e amer"#$"&+'.1B To(a G. o$to2ra :::. Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca &la-" &-o%+ ,o2%e'+. U,ra-o %e "*a2ran *a,re'&%e'n"$a %e'ne o' <e'eraln"4 re,+2l"$a J+(o&la-"%e/ &-e'ene na Sr2"%+ " 7rn+ or+.

To(a 'ana Sr2"%a %e "*"0la na +l"ce 'a *2ac" ono(a $o%" %e tr"nae&t (o'"na -la'ao $ao(o&,o'ar " o' B. &e,tem2ra o'2"%ao ,r"*nat" "*2orn" ,ora*. Na,+0ten o' &-o%e ,ol"c"%e/$o%a %e &tala +* ,ro&-%e'n"$e " o' -o%&$e $o%a m+ %e +&$rat"la ,o&l+0no&t " o'2"la +(+0"t",o2+n+ + $r-"/ M"lo0e-"3 %e ,r"&"l%en ,o-+3" &e. Al" *a4t"%e-a o' &-o%e( na&l%e'n"$a

B



o2e3an%e 'a ne3e 2"t" ,re'an me)+naro'nom ,ra-o&+)+. Ko0t+n"ca ne nam%era-a

,re$"n+t" &r,&$" nac"onal"&t"#$" ,ot4-at n" o&+'"t" *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene + n%e(o-o "me.Pr"4-a3a " o&"(+ra-a m+ *a0t"t+ -o%&$e. Sr+0enom '"$tator+ 'o,+0teno %e 'a o&tane +,re'&%e'n"#$o% -"l"/ na *elen"m +*-"&"nama 5eo(ra'a/ +* 'o2r+ *a0t"t+ el"tn"4 %e'"n"ca.Mo3" 3e &e 2a-"t" &-o%"m ,o&lo-"ma " -o'"t" &-o%+ &tran$+. M"lo0e-"3/ ,ot"catel% -el"$e-e3"ne *lo#"na $o%" &+ +,rl%al" tlo 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e/ "*na' *a$ona %e.1G

Z2o( ola$0an%a M"lo0e-"3e-"m r+0en%em $o%e &+ one ,ot"cale o' rata na Ko&o-+/ -el"$e&"le ne o&+)+%+ o'l+$+ no-o( 0e<a 'ra-e. S"t+ac"%a %e 'el"$atna. SAD &e -e&el"'o(a)a%"ma + 5eo(ra'+/ al" tra" o' -a& 'a 2+'ete ra*+mn". Nemo%te + o-om tren+t$+*a4t"%e-at" M"lo0e-"3e-o "*r+#en%e/ ra'"%e 2+'"te &+*'ran"/

1! Jean Kam2an'a 2"o %e ,re'&%e'n"$ Vla'e R+an'e + -r"%eme (enoc"'a. U4"3en %e 1. +Ken"%" + o2ran" %e ,r"*nao $r"-n%+ *a (enoc"' " o&+)en %e 1. na 'o"-otn" *at-or/ a ,re&+'a %e,ot-r)ena " + al2enom ,o&t+,$+ :::. (.

1B O-a%/ $ao " &-" $a&n"%" na-o'" &r,&$"4 '+no&n"$a + $n%"*"/ ,rene&en" &+ "* <ranc+&$o("*-orn"$a/ " + tom o2l"$+ "4 o2%a-l%+%emo 6o,. +r.9

1G Hartmann Florence/ M"lo0e-"3/ la '"a(onale '+ <o+ 6M"lo0e-"3/ '"%a(onala l+)a$a9/ ,ro0"reno"*'an%e/ Fol"o all"mar'/ Par"0/ ::/ &tr. GG;. >;:1.

G



o2%a0n%a-a Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t $o%a tele<on"ra 7arl" 'el Ponte ;. o$to2ra :::. $ra%em

'ana. T+"tel%"ca Ha0$o( &+'a ,r"&ta%e. Al" +,o*ora-a= Ka' o-a o,a&no&t 2+'eot$lon%ena/ morat 3e &e ,rom"%en"t" &trate("%a. Za,a' &e 2o%" 0tete $o%+ 2" + o-om,r"%ela*nom ra*'o2l%+ mo(ao nan"%et" ,ra-n" "'eal"*am. Po&e2no na$on o'l+$e E+ro,&$e+n"%e/ . o$to2ra/ 'a +$"ne *ra#n" " na<tn" em2ar(o $o%" %e Sr2"%a tr,%ela o' 1./ a 'a,r"tom n"%e &,omen+to ,o&to%an%e me)+naro'no( +4"'2eno( nalo(a ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a.7arla 'el Ponte ,r"%et" 'a 3e +,o*or"t" na 0+tn%+ *a,a'n"4 ,r"%e&toln"ca. Ma'ele"neAl2r"(4t na*"-a %e 1:. o$to2ra= Mol"m Va&. I 'al%e &e &+*'ra-a%te o' (o-oren%a t"&$+ oM"lo0e-"3+ " o n+no&t" 'a 2+'e ,re'an.

7arla 'el Ponte %o0 +-"%e$ nema + 5eo(ra'+ &+(o-orn"$a $o%em+ moe ,re'at" +4"'2en"nalo( " mora #e$at" re*+ltate ,arlamentarn"4 "*2ora + 'ecem2r+ :::. (. " +&,o&ta-+

'emo$rat&$e -la'e $a$o 2" tra"la ,r"m%en+ *a$ona. Al" + me)+-remen+/ a$o ,r"4-a3a&m"r"t" "(r+/ ",a$ el" +,o*or"t" *a,a'n%a$e na o'(o-orno&t " na(o-or"t" "4 'a ,ola(ano,r",rema%+ teren. H+2ert Ve'r"ne/ <ranc+&$" m"n"&tar -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a ot"0ao %e +5eo(ra' + "me E+ro,&$e +n"%e $o%o% ,re'&%e'a Franc+&$a ,o*'ra-"t" ono(a $o%" %e &r+0"oM"lo0e-"3a. 7arla Del Ponte *o-e (a na$on n%e(o-a ,o-rat$a/ 11. o$to2ra. Ha0$" &+' n"%e,r"or"tet *a ,re'&%e'n"$a Ko0t+n"c+. N%e(o- %e ,r"or"tet ,re+*"man%e ,ol"t"#$e $ontrole +"n&t"t+c"%ama " +&,o&ta-l%an%e no-e -la&t". Ne ,rot"-" &e ,re'a%" M"lo0e-"3a &+'&t-+/ al" el"'a to 2+'e na%,r"%e + Sr2"%"/ *a *lo#"ne + Sr2"%". Tra" 'a &e ne ,otee ,"tan%e Ha(a 'o,arlamentarn"4 "*2ora + 'ecem2r+/ "n*"&t"ra 0e< <ranc+&$e '",lomac"%e. A *at"m 'o'a%e=o-or"t 3emo o M"lo0e-"3e-o% 2+'+3no&t" + 5"arr"t*+.

Petnae&tor"ca ,ro&t"r+ cr-en" te,"4 Ko0t+n"c"/ $o%e(a %e Franc+&$a 1B. o$to2ra ,o*-ala na

&a&tana$ -r4a 0e<o-a 'ra-a " -la'a E+ro,&$e +n"%e + tom l%eto-al"0t+ na atlant&$o% o2al".E+ro,a &e 'o(o-ara 'a ne ,o'+*"ma n"0ta 0to 2" mo(lo +(ro*"t" ,rom%ene 'o $o%"4 %e'o0lo + Sr2"%" " oteat" *a'ata$ Ko0t+n"c". //A $a' *a to 'o)e -r"%eme/ no-e 3e -la&t"&-a$a$o morat" 'at" o'(o-ore na ,"tan%a o $o%"ma &mo ra*(o-aral"/ + ,r-om re'+ m"&l"mna &+'2"n+ M"lo0e-"3a/ 2ran" &e ,re'&%e'n"$ Jac+e& 74"rac. Parlamentarn" "*2or" !.'ecem2ra ,ot-r)+%+ ,o2%e'+ 'emo$rat&$e o,o*"c"%e " 'o-o'e n%e*"na ,r-a$a ZoranaĐ"n)"3a na m%e&to ,re'&%e'n"$a -la'e. Zoran Đ"n)"3 ,r",a'a on"m 'emo$rat"ma $o%" &+tra"l" neo'lono "*r+#en%e M"lo0e-"3a Ha(+ +-e#er G. o$to2ra :::. el" ,re'at"M"lo0e-"3a ,ra-'" *2o( +2o%&ta-a " ,o$+0a%a +2o%&ta-a &r,&$"4 o,o*"c"on"&ta " *2o(,o&-ema0n%e ,l%a#$e n%e(o-e *eml%e/ al" " *2o( *lo#"na na Ko&o-+ *2o( $o%"4 (a ,otra+%eI7T8. I to on ot-oreno na%a-l%+%e ,r" ,re+*"man%+ '+no&t". Mo%a *a0t"ta o-"&" o,re'&%e'n"$+ Ko0t+n"c"/ o'ma4 o'(o-ara M"lo0e-"3 + "nter-%++ tal"%an&$om l"&t+ Latam,a/ + $o%em+ +&,ore)+%e Ha0$" &+' & $oncentrac"%&$"m lo(orom $o%" &+ o&no-al"*a,a'n%ac" 'a 2" ,ro(on"l" Sr2e.

;



Đ"n)"3 ,r-" ,+t &+&re3e 7arl+ 'el Ponte G. %an+ara ::1./ *a -r"%eme ,r-o( ,o&%eta

t+"tel%"ce Sr2"%". Ko0t+n"ca/ no-" ,re'&%e'n"$ Re,+2l"$e/ +,ra-o %e "*n"o ,re' n%+ o0tr+o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- Ha0$o( &+'a " 'ao 'o *nan%a 'a o'2"%a &-a$+ &+ra'n%+. N%e(o- &ta- nera*l"$+%e &e n"malo o' M"lo0e-"3e-a. Na&+,rot tom+/ &r2"%an&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ -la'e,re'lae *a%e'n"#$+ a$c"%+. Đ"n)"3 el" "*-+3" Sr2"%+ "* M"lo0e-"3e-e ere " re4a2"l"t"rat" %ena me)+naro'no% &cen". el" +&,o&ta-"t" ,ro(ram '%elot-orne &+ra'n%e & Ha0$"m &+'omta$o 'a ne 'e&ta2"l"*"ra *eml%+. O' tr"'e&et &e'am o,t+en"$a + 2"%e(+ o' Ha0$o( &+'a/'-a'e&eta$ 2%e(+naca na0lo %e &$lon"0te + Sr2"%". Moramo *a%e'no "'ent"c"rat",r"or"tete. M"lo0e-"3 2" morao 2"t" +4a,0en *a m%e&ec 'ana *2o( $or+,c"%e/ al" moemom+ &+'"t" " *a ratne *lo#"ne. Jo0 nemamo $ontrol+ na' ,ol"c"%om/ ta%n"m &l+2ama "-o%&$om/ ta% ,roce& 3e ,otra%at". Moramo ta$o)er o2%a&n"t" l%+'"ma 0to &e 'o(o'"lo/ 'a &e,ra-'a mora ,ro-e&t"/ 'a to ra'"mo *2o( na&/ a ne *ato 0to to tra" Ha0$" &+'. Vla'a 3emorat" o'(o-arat" na "*a*o-e na,re'+%+3" ,ola(ano. M"&l"m 'a 2" Ra'o-an Kara'"3/Rat$o Mla'"3/ o,t+en" *a Sre2ren"c+/ "l" on" *a V+$o-ar/ moral" ,r-" "3" + Ha(. T+ ne 2"&m%elo 2"t" ,ro2lema. M"lo0e-"3 3e 'o3" o'ma4 *a n%"ma/ %er *a&a'a %e ,rerano.



Sporazu !in"i# $%e& Ponte

R"%et$e &+ &"t+ac"%e + $o%"ma &e ,ol"t"#$o '%elo-an%e ,o'+'ara & '%elo-an%em ,ra-o&+)ana me)+naro'no% &cen". Jo0 &+ r%e)e one $o%"ma %e c"l% +&$la'"t" me)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+ "-o)en%e +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a. Đ"n)"3 el" '%elo-at". N" #a&a ne &+mn%a 'a %e M"lo0e-"3+m%e&to + *at-or+. Al" Sr2" 2" 4t%el" 'a m+ &e &+'" *a ,atn%e $o%e %e nan"o &-o%em naro'+/'a ,lat" 0to %e +n"0t"o Sr2"%+ " "*(+2"o #et"r" rata. Ne ele 2"t" ,r"&"l%en" &+o#"t" &e & ,"tan%em*lo#"na $o%e %e ,o#"n"o/ na%#e03e +* n%"4o- ,r"&tana$/ + Hr-at&$o%/ + 5o&n" "l" na Ko&o-+.I,a$/ Đ"n)"3 "m ,o$+0a-a to re3". C"m %e ,re+*eo &-o%+ <+n$c"%+/ "*%a-l%+%e 'a ,o&to%e -rlote0$" 'o$a*" o M"lo0e-"3e-"m *lo#"n"ma ,rot"- Al2anaca. Po$a*at 3e "m to + ma%+ot$r"-a%+3" ,o&to%an%e (ro2n"ca ,re' -rat"ma 5eo(ra'a " na -"0e 'r+("4 m%e&ta + Sr2"%"/('%e %e M"lo0e-"3 'ao ,ren"%et" o$o 4"l%a'+ rta-a $a$o 2" +$lon"o ne$e tra(o-e &-o(ne#a&no( '%ela na Ko&o-+. Tr+'" &e o2%a&n"t" "m 'a t" *lo#"n" ne mo(+ o&tat" ne$an%en"a$o Sr2"%a el" ,re$"n+t" &a &-o%om ,ro0lo03+ " ,o-e*at" &e &a &-"%etom. Zna " to 'a&r2"%an&$o ,ra-o&+)e/ ,aral"*"rano M"lo0e-"3e-om erom/ %o0 ne moe *am"%en"t" Ha0$" &+'" 'a 2"/ #a$ " $a' 2" to ,o$+0alo/ +ron"lo Sr2"%+ + ra*'o2l%e %o0 -e3e ne&ta2"lno&t". O&"mto(a/ tre2a +'al%"t" M"lo0e-"3a/ 'en"t"-no m+ o'+*et" &,o&o2no&t 'a 0tet"/ ra*2"t" la $o%+,o$+0a-a o'ra-at" na&ta-l%a%+3" &-o%e &+'%elo-an%e + ,ol"t"#$om "-ot+ & o2*"rom na to'a %e o&tao 0e< &tran$e/ na%%a#e + no-o% o,o*"c"%". U to% &"t+ac"%" *a $o%+ Đ"n)"3 *na 'a %eneo'r"-a " 'a o&+)+%e na ne+&,%e4 &-a$" ,o$+0a% '+2"n&$o( re<orm"ran%a Sr2"%e/ Ha0$"&+' %e *a n%e(a na%2ol%e r%e0en%e. U n%em+ -"'" &re'&t-o ,o-e*"-an%a ,ra-a " ,ol"t"#$o('%elo-an%a. U,ra-o ta% &,o%/ ta% &+&ret '-"%+ -la&t"/ $o%e &e #e&to ,erc","ra%+ $ao&+,rot&ta-l%ene na ,o'r+#%+ me)+naro'n"4 o'no&a/ 2"t 3e ,o$reta# "&,or+#"-an%a M">lo0e-"3a + neo#e$"-ano $rat$om ro$+. Ta% &+&ret &"m2ol"*"ra &+&ret '-"%+ ,o'%e'na$oo'l+#n"4 o&o2no&t". T+"tel%"ca Ha0$o( &+'a $o%a/ ,r-" ,+t + ,o-"%e&t"/ 4o3e "*-e&t" ,re'me)+naro'no &+'&t-o %e'no( 0e<a 'ra-e. I ,re'&%e'n"$ &r2"%an&$e -la'e $o%" el""0#+,at" "* Sr2"%e #o-%e$a $o%" %e (la-n" <a$tor ne&ta2"lno&t" + n%e(o-o% *eml%".

Unato# ,r"-"'"ma/ +nato# ,erce,c"%" $o%a %e o&tala/ ,a$t "*me)+ Đ"n)">3a " 7arle 'el Ponte*a,e#a3en %e 2e* *nan%a -el"$"4 &"la. Unato# Đ"n)"3e-"m &ta-o-"ma/ Za,a' ,re,or+#+%eo,re* " 0+tn%+. U$o#ena *2o( $r4$o&t" &r,&$"4 'emo$rata/ E+ro,a %e +,a'l%"-o o'&+tna "ne ra*+m"%e $a$-e to o,a&no&t" no&". I ne (ra2" ,r"l"$e $o%e &e ,o%a-l%+%+ 'a &,o%e ,ra-o "'",lomac"%+. Na&+,rot tom+/ SAD/ ne$o -r"%eme ,o-+#en *2o( ,rom%ene a'm"n"&trac"%e/,o$a*at 3e &,o&o2no&t ,r"la(o)"-an%a/ $o%+ 3e 2e* &+mn%e %o0 -"0e ola$0at" n%e(o- ,ono&

0to &e ,ro(la0a-a ,r-a$om me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e. Na to 3e +t%ecat" " M"lo0e-"3e- &tat+&.1;

N" M"lo0e-"3e- &tat+& n"%e 2e* +t%eca%a. Jer &ta- -el"$"4 ,rema ,ra-+ c"n"#an %e "&ele$t"-an. O' NATO>o-e "nter-enc"%e + -r"%eme rata na Ko&o-+ M"lo0e-"3 %e ,o&taone,r"%atel%. Po&l"%e tol"$o (o'"na *a,a'n%a#$e &+&retl%"-o&t" ,rema &+(o-orn"$+ $o%" %e



neo,4o'an/ 'a$le ne'o'"rl%"-/ M"lo0e-"3 ,o&ta%e + n%"4o-"m o#"ma "*-e'"- ,re' ,ra-'+/ na

ne$" na#"n l"0en ,r"-"le("%e ne$an%"-o&t". U tom ,o&e2nom $onte$&t+ Amer"$anc"ma n"%ete0$o ra*+m%et" $a$o 2" (olem+ $or"&t "mal" ,r"'r++%+3" &e Đ"n'"3+ " 7arl" 'el Ponte/ "-o'"t" '-o&tr+$+ ,ol"t"$+ $o%a + "&t" ma4 ,o(o'+%e n%"4o-"m "ntere&"ma " "ntere&"mame)+naro'ne ,ra-'e. Al" n%"4o-a +lo(a + ,re'a-an%+ M"lo0e-"3a Ha0$om &+'+ 2"t 3e +$ona#n"c" &a&-"m 'r+(ora*re'na.

Sr2"%a %e/ 'o'+0e/ "*loena amer"#$"m ,r"t"&c"ma/ a "&to ta$o " e+ro,&$"m/ al" n"a&4"n(ton n" 5r+Qelle& ne *a4t"%e-a%+ "*r+#en%e M"lo0e-"3a Ha0$om &+'+. Kra%em<e2r+ara Ana L"n't/ m"n"&tr"ca -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a -e'&$e/ $o%a ,re'&%e'a-a E+ro,&$om+n"%om + ,r-om ,ol+(o'"0t+ ::1./ o2%a0n%a-a 7arl" 'el Ponte= el"mo 'a 2r*o ,o#n+'%elo-at"/ al" *a ra*l"$+ o' SAD>a ne el"mo ,o&ta-"t" +lt"mat+m. Mora%+ "*-e&t" %e'no

+4"3en%e ,r"%e $ra%a marta/ ne n+no M"lo0e-"3e-o/ moe ne$o( 'r+(o( o,t+en"$a a$oele. T+ "m ,or+$+ ,reno&"mo. SAD %e ,o&ta-"o %e'anae&t +-%eta *a "&,lat+ nanc"%&$e,omo3"/ nam"%en%ene te (o'"ne Sr2"%". Po&ta-"o "4 %e Kon(re& $o%" mora 'at" *eleno &-%etloamer"#$o% a'm"n"&trac"%" 'a 2" &e no-ac 'o'"%el"o. To %e ,roce& ,ro-%ere $o%o% &e,o'-r(a-a%+ ,ro2lemat"#ne *eml%e me)+ $o%"ma %e " Sr2"%a. Pret4o'ne (o'"ne

1; SAD &e ,ro(la0a-a ,r-a$om me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e "a$o n"%e rat"c"rao me)+naro'ne"n&tr+mente " #e&to ra'"%e ,r"m%en%+%e &-o%e -o%ne ,ra-ne ,ro,"&e ne(o me)+naro'ne $on-enc"%e.O&"m na%no-"%"4 ,r"m%era + -e*" & Ira$om/ *a ,ot,+n"%" ,o-"%e&n" ,re(le' ,ro#"ta%te "*-r&no '%elo=Po?er Samant4a/ A ,ro2lem <rom Hell/ Amer"ca an' t4e A(e o< enoc"'e/ Perenn"al/ Ne? 8or$/::.



SAD %e tra"o +$lan%an%e M"lo0e-"3a & -la&t" + *am%en+ *a nanc"%&$+ ,omo3. Sa'a %e

+-%et+%+ ,o$retan%em re<orm"/ al" " 'o$a*om ,ra-e &+ra'n%e & Ha0$"m &+'om. Dr+("mr"%e#"ma/ trae +4"3en%e M"lo0e-"3a ne *a4t"%e-a%+3" n%e(o-o "*r+#en%e/ ,re2ac"-an%e +Ha( 2arem %e'no( o,t+eno(a " ,r"4-a3an%e *a$ona $o%" *a4t"%e-a Ko0t+n"ca 'a 2",o$ren+o 2"lo $a$a- o2l"$ &+ra'n%e & Tr"2+nalom. Kon(re& mora 'on"%et" o'l+$+ na%$a&n"%e'o !1. marta. Pol"t"#$" real"*am 2e* &+mn%e ,o'rao 2" $om,rom"& " ,ret-or"o o-e +-%ete+ &$romne el%e/ tol"$o %e Sr2"%" tre2ao ta% no-ac 'a ,o'r" 'emo$rat&$+ tran*"c"%+/ 'a "4Đ"n)"3 n"%e ,rete$ao.

Prea Mi&oševi#evu u'i#enju

S+tra'an na$on ,o&%eta 7arle 'el Ponte 5eo(ra'+/ Đ"n)"3 %a-no "*%a-l%+%e 'a "*r+#en%eM"lo0e-"3a Ha(+ ne 2" 2"la ,re-"&o$a c"%ena *a ,r"&t+, E+ro,". Đ"n)"3 o'ra-a o2e3an%e.5eo(ra'&$" %a-n" t+"tel% ot-or"o %e "&tra(+ ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a *a $or+,c"%+ " *lo,ora2+-la&t". 5"-0" 0e< 'ra-e ne &amo 'a %e o,l%a#$ao " + crno *a-"o 'o2ar '"o 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%ene(o %e oro2"o Sr2"%+ " na$+,"o -"0e m"l"%ar'" 'olara na ra#+n"ma + &tran"m 2an$ama. Al"'o$a*e %e te0$o ,r"$+,"t"/ ,o(oto-o na 2r*"n+. M%e&ec 'ana ,o&l"%e Đ"n)"3 tra" %o0 %e'an&+&ret & 7arlom 'el Ponte/ al" el" 'a o&tane + ta%no&t". Nala*e &e + &+2ot+ !. marta +L+(an+/ ro'nom (ra'+ (o&,o)e "* T"c"na. U +re'+ 0e<a $antonalne ,ol"c"%e/ $o%" (a %era'o &ta-"o na ra&,ola(an%e $a$o 2" &e "*2%e(ao ,+2l"c"tet/ t+"tel%"ca Ha0$o( &+'a "&r2"%an&$" ,rem"%er ra*(o-ara%+ '-a '+(a &ata + #et"r" o$a. Sr2"n "*no&" ,o'ro2n+ &l"$+

,ol"t"#$e &"t+ac"%e + &-o%o% *eml%". M"lo0e-"3 " 'al%e -o'" &-o%+ &oc"%al"&t"#$+ &tran$+ " +"-a+ +lo*" 0e<a o,o*"c"%e ne&tr,l%"-o o#e$+%+3" #a& o&-ete. Kao 0to %e to o&%et"o na-e#er G.o$to2ra/ Đ"n)"3 mora +'al%"t" M"lo0e-"3a a$o el" ,o$ren+t" *eml%+. O2%a0n%a-a 7arl" 'elPonte 'a m+ %e ,otre2na ,o'r0$a SAD>a " n%e(o-a e$onom&$a ,omo3. el"/ 'a$le/ +4"t"t"Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a ,r"%e !1. marta/ 'at+ma cert"$ac"%e amer"#$o( Kon(re&a. Me)+t"mKo0t+n"ca %e *a,re$a n%e(o-"m ,lano-"ma. Sr2"%an&$" ,re'&%e'n"$/ $o%" &+mn%"#" Đ"n)"3a'a el" "*r+#"t" M"lo0e-"3a Ha(+/ tra" o' -o%ne o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e 'a (a na'*"re. Đ"n)"3&e na to al". Kae 'a 3e (a Ko0t+n"ca ,o$+0at" &r+0"t". Đ"n)"3/ 'a$le/ ,re'lae 'a &eM"lo0e-"3a &m%e&t" "*a re0eta$a na%,r"%e + 5eo(ra'+ ,a 'a &e #e$a ,o(o'n"%" tren+ta$ *a"*r+#en%e Ha0$om &+'+. U me)+-remen+ 3e o&"(+rat" 'o2ro-ol%n+ ,re'a%+ %e'no(a "l"'-a%+ o,t+en"$a Ha0$o( &+'a/ $ao 'o$a* -ol%e n%e(o-e -la'e 'a &+ra)+%e &

me)+naro'n"m ,ra-o&+)em.1

Zat"m Đ"n)"3 na&ta-l%a= M"lo0e-"3 3e *a ne$ol"$o 'ana 2"t""&,"t"-an *2o( &-o%e +,leteno&t" + ,o$+0a% +2o%&t-a V+$a Dra0$o-"3a 6%e'no( o' l"'era&r,&$e o,o*"c"%e/ #lana no-e -e3"ne o,. a.9. 5"t 3e o,t+en " *a $or+,c"%+/ *a *lo+,otre2+,oloa%a " "*2orne ,re-are. To 3e o-"&"t" o 'o$a*"ma $o%e +&,"%emo &$+,"t" 'o 1G. marta

!:



$a' m"&l"mo *atra"t" n%e(o-o +4"3en%e. Nara-no/ 2"t 3e +4a,0en *a 'r+(e *lo#"ne/ a ne

one $o%" -a& *an"ma%+. Al" 2"t 3e nam nemo(+3e *a'rat" (a + ,r"t-or+ %a$o '+(o. Da$le/"*r+#"t 3+ -am (a/ a$o %e ,otre2no #a$ " otm"com. Samo/ ne mo(+ -am %o0 re3" $a'a.

Kra%em marta &r,&$o ,ra-o&+)e ne ra&,olae & 'o-ol%no 'o$a*a 'a o,t+" M"lo0e-"3a/ al"",a$ & 'o&tatno 'a *atra" "&tra(+. Na ,+t+ *a a&4"n(ton Đ"n)"3 %e :. marta ,re&%e'ao+ am&ter'am&$o% *ra#no% l+c". 7arla 'el Ponte 'ola*" tamo na 'r+(" ta%n" &a&tana$.I*nena)ena %e %er "m n"*o*em&$a ,ol"c"%a ne +&,"%e-a na3" ,r"-atn" &alon. 7arla 'el Ponte "Đ"n)"3 trae o' t%ele&ne (ar'e 'a &e +'al%" " 0e3+ &e 4o'n"c"ma *ra#ne l+$e + Sc4",ol+$ao '-a o2"#na ,+tn"$a. Na,re'+%emo/ +4"t"t 3emo M"lo0e-"3a *a $o%" 'an. Al" "mamo,ro2lem & amer"#$"m +lt"mat+mom. Ne el"mo o&ta-"t" 'o%am 'a '%el+%emo ,o'amer"#$"m ,r"t"&$om. 5"lo 2" mo'a 2ol%e 'a ,r"#e$amo ,o#eta$ a,r"la +m%e&to !1.

marta. Sto &e t"#e *eleno( &-%etla *a &+ra'n%+ & Tr"2+nalom/ Ko0t+n"ca " 'al%e o$l"%e-a.Za4t"%e-a 'a &e to +re'" *a$onom/ al" nam ne $ae $a' 3e ,arlament *a&%e'at". O2e3ao %e +&$oro/ al" &a' $ae 'a ne *na.

Ro$ cert"$ac"%e amer"#$o( Kon(re&a 'a%e al"2" Đ"n)"3+ 'a ,r"&"l" na '%elo-an%e one $o%"&+ M"lo0e-"3+ o2e3al" "m+n"tet. Prem"%er $or"&t" Ko0t+n"c"no ,+to-an%e + ene-+ 'a +4"t"M"lo0e-"3a. No on n"%e o'(o-or"o na ,o*"- &+ca $o%" (a %e tre2ao "&,"tat" + o$-"r+ "&tra(e$o%a %e + to$+. Tr"'e&eto( marta &,ec"%alna ,ol"c"%a

1 5la(o%e S"m"3 2"t 3e ,rem%e0ten + Ha( &l%e'e3e( t%e'na/ M"lora' ta$"3/ ta$o)er o,t+en +,re'met+ lo(ora + Pr"%e'or+/ ,re'an %e !. marta ::1. Sama Sr2"%a "ma ta'a na &-o%em ,o'r+#%+o$o o&amnae&t 2%e(+naca.

!1



o,$ol"la %e -"l+. Al" +m"%e0ala &e -o%&$a. A$c"%a %e *a+&ta-l%ena. Na ,o-rat$+ + 5eo(ra'/

!1. marta/ Ko0t+n"ca &e o,"re/ al" na $ra%+ ,o,+0ta. Tele-"*"%e c"%elo( &-"%eta &t"(le &+ +&r,&$+ ,r"%e&toln"c+ " o#e$+%+ "&4o' te 2or2e. 5eo(ra' -"0e ne moe +&t+$n+t"/ o tomeo-"&" o'l+$a Kon(re&a. Ko0t+n"ca ,r"4-a3a *a,o-%e'"t" -o%&c" 'a ,ro,+&te ,ol"c"%&$e &na(e/+ *am%en+ *a +-%era-an%e 'a M"lo0e-"3 ne3e 2"t" "*r+#en Ha0$om &+'+. M"lo0e-"3,o&ta-l%a "&t" +-%et $a' %e ,r"&tao 'a &e ,re'a ,o&l"%e 'e&et &at" ,re(o-ora. U *or+ 1.a,r"la +la*" + ,ro&tor 7entralno( *at-ora + 5eo(ra'+.

Europs(i otpori

O-o na& o2e3an%e n" na 0to ne o2a-e*+%e. N"&mo (a &ta-"l" + a-"on *a Ha(/ a to %e "tra"o. I&,o0to-al" &mo &-o%e o2e3an%e/ o2%a0n%a-a Đ"n)"3 7arl" 'el Ponte + tele<on&$omra*(o-or+. T+"tel%"ca -"0e nema &+mn%"/ ,rem"%er nam%era-a "3" 'o $ra%a. M"lo0e-"3 3e+&$oro 2"t" + Ha(+. Al" &a'a %o% ,reo&ta%e +-%er"t" E+ro,l%ane " Amer"$ance 'a ,ota$n+*a-r0n+ <a*+ >"*r+#"-an%e. I(ra n"%e +na,r"%e' 'o2"-ena %er n"t$o ne t%era 2eo(ra'&$e-la&t" 'a ,re'a%+ M"lo0e-"3a me)+naro'no% ,ra-'". Zat-aran%e 2"-0e( 0e<a 'ra-e n"%e"*a*-alo n"$a$-e ,otre&e + Sr2"%". Um"rene/ -el"$e &"le #"n" &e 'a &e t"me *a'o-ol%a-a%+.Ne -"'e *a,re$e + tome 'a Sr2"%a o$l"%e-a ,re'at" &-o%e( 2"-0e( ,o(la-ara me)+naro'no%,ra-'"/ " ta$o ,ot-r'" &-o%+ o,re'%el%eno&t *a <+n$c"on"ran%e ,ra-ne 'ra-e. Jer/ $ona#no/*a n%"4 %e me)+naro'na ,ra-'a &amo me)+,o&ta%a 'o$ &e ne o&-"%e&t" &+-eren"tet/tren+tno *natno nar+0en *2o( *lo#"na#$e 'ra-ne ,ol"t"$e. Sa' $a' %e M"lo0e-"3 &r+0en "2a#en + *at-or/ Sr2"%a moe ,ono-no *a4t"%e-at" 'a %o% &e ,r"*na le("t"mn" +n+tarn%"&+-eren"tet " &ama &+'"t" &-o%em t"ran"n+. Al" *a,a'n%ac" *a2ora-l%a%+ ra*m%ere "(eo(ra%+ *lo#"na/ *a2ora-l%a%+ 'a &e (olema -e3"na n%e(o-"4 rta-a nala*" "*-an Sr2"%e/*anemar+%+ &la2o&t +n+tarn%e( ,ra-o&+'no( &+&ta-a $o%" n"%e n" o#"03en n" re<orm"ran/ "$ona#no ,r"$r"-a%+ #"n%en"c+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 + &-o%o% *eml%" o,t+en &amo *a $or+,c"%+ "*lo,ora2+ -la&t"/ a ne *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". Pono-o &e %a-l%a n%"4o- ot,or #"n%en"c"'a %e'an 0e< 'ra-e o'(o-ara *a &-o%e *lo#"ne " %o0 -"0e +#-r03+%+ M"lo0e-"3a + +-%eren%+'a n"$a'a ne3e 2"t" "*r+#en Ha0$om &+'+. Ne tol"$o *ato 0to &e Sr2" tome &+,rot&ta-l%a%+/$ol"$o &to(a 0to 3e on" $o%" &+ na "&tom ,oloa%+ o'2"t" "(rat" ,rot"- %e'no( o' &-o%"4$ole(a/ &t-ara%+3" ta$o -rlo ne*(o'an ,re&e'an. M"lo0e-"3 %e +-%eren 'a 3e &e +&$oro"*-+3". Al" Ha0$" &+' ne3e +&t+$n+t" ,re' %e'no'+0n"m &ta-om 'a &e o'(o'" n%e(o-o,re2ac"-an%e + Ha(. Po+r+%e &e ,o'&%et"t" na ,r-en&t-o na'leno&t" $o%e m+ %e'o'"%el%eno + o'no&+ na nac"onalna ,ra-o&+)a " -e3 ;. a,r"la 0al%e &-o%e( #"no-n"$a +5eo(ra' $a$o 2" ,re'ao M"lo0e-"3+ me)+naro'n" +4"'2en" nalo(.

!



Pre2l"*+ &mo c"l%+ 'a 2"&mo o'+&tal"/ *a+*"ma &e 7arla 'el Ponte + ,r"%e&toln"cama. Al"

E+ro,a o&ta%e (l+4a " ,o'"%el%ena. Franc+&$a/ $o%a %e 'ala "n"c"%at"-+ *a o&n"-an%e Ha0$o(&+'a/ mo'a 3e %e ,o'rat". 7arla 'el Ponte o'la*" + Par"* . ma%a ::1. Al" ,ret4o'no'a%e "nter-%+ Le Mon'e+ " + n%em+ ,o*"-a na +rno "*r+#"-an%e o,t+eno( M"lo0e-"3a/$ao " &-"4 'r+("4 o,t+en"4. Ona t+ ,o*"-a " na a$t"-n"%+ ,o'r0$+ me)+naro'ne*a%e'n"ce ,r" +4"3en%"ma traen"4 o&o2a. H+2ert Ve'r"ne/ 0e< <ranc+&$e '",lomac"%e ,r"ma

%e + 'r+0t-+ & Ala"nom R"c4ar'om/ m"n"&trom o2rane. On &e +*2+)+%e/ $r"t"*"ra "nter-%+Le Mon'e+/ na&t+,a ne,r"%atel%&$". 7arla 'el Ponte $ao 'a #+%e Ko0t+n"c+. Franc+&$"m"n"&tar &lo"o &e & "'e%om 'a &e M"lo0e-"3+ &+'" + Sr2"%". I to %a-no $ae. E+ro,a+(la-nom o'2"%a nametn+t" 5eo(ra'+ ro$ *a me)+naro'no &+)en%e M"lo0e-"3+. S-a$",r"t"&a$ + tom &m"&l+ ,r"%et"o 2" 'a o'(o'" ,roce& 'emo$rat"*ac"%e/ +-%era-a -e3"naE+ro,l%ana. T%e'an 'ana na$on to(a t+"tel%"ca let" *a a&4"n(ton. SAD %e na(ra'"o

+4"3en%e M"lo0e-"3a " "&,lat"o Sr2"%" G: m"l"ona 'olara o2e3ane ,omo3". Al"/ "a$o &+S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ,o*'ra-"le na,ore 5eo(ra'a/ on %e %o0 'ale$o o' to(a 'a"&,o0t+%e &-o%e o2a-e*e. Zato &+ o'(o'"le &+'%elo-an%e na 'onator&$o% $on<erenc"%"/,re'-")eno% *a %+n"/ 'o ,r"4-a3an%a to( <amo*no( *a$ona/ 2e* $o%e(a Ko0t+n"ca o'2"%a&-a$+ &+ra'n%+ & Ha0$"m &+'om/ " 'o no-"4 +4"3en%a.1 Al" $ao n" E+ro,l%an"ma/ n"%e "m,r"or"tet M"lo0e-"3e- ,roce&

1 7"l% 'onator&$"4 $on<erenc"%a %e&t &$+,l%an%e -el"$"4 "*-anre'n"4 nanc"%&$"4 'o,r"no&a *a,omo3 + ,o'"*an%+ *emal%a ,o&l"%e &+$o2a "l" te0$e $r"*e.

!!



+ Ha(+. I,a$/ Đ"n)"3+ &e +r". Zat-aran%e M"lo0e-"3a n"%e &l+"lo n"#em+. I* &-o%e 3el"%e on

na&ta-l%a ,ol"t"#$e a$t"-no&t"/ ,r"ma #lano-e &-o%e &tran$e " &tr,l%"-o ,r",rema &-o%,o-rata$ na -la&t. A &r2"%an&$o ,ra-o&+)e &to%" na m%e&t+. Po&to%" o,a&no&t 'a M"lo0e-"32+'e ,+0ten. Đ"n)"3 na&ta-l%a &-o% ,+t. U ma%+ &+o#a-a &r2"%an&$o %a-no mn"%en%e &a*lo#"n"ma $o%" &+ ,rema M"lo>0e-"3e-o% nare'2" +#"n%en" na Ko&o-+. O,erac"%a ,r"$r"-an%a'o$a*a D+2"na / $o%+ %e M"lo0e-"3 *a,o-%e'"o &re'"nom ma%a 1./ +o#" "nter-enc"%eNATO&na(a na Ko&o-+/ ,re'-")ala %e ne &amo ,r"%eno& '"%ela t"%ela al2an&$"4 rta-a +o$ol"c+ 5eo(ra'a " na 'e&et m%e&ta + Sr2"%" ne(o " +n"0ta-an%e le0e-a &,al%"-an%em.I*nena'a &+o#ena &a &-o%om na%tamn"%om ,ro0lo03+/ Sr2"%a/ + 0o$+/ ,o&ta%e &-%e&nama&o-n"4 *lo#"na o $o%"ma %e 'ota' ra'"%e 0+t%ela. Pr-" ,+t M"lo0e-"3 + o#"ma Sr2a "*(le'a$ao ratn" *lo#"nac. Sr2"%an&$o %a-no mn"%en%e ra*+m"%e 'a %e 2ol%e o&lo2o'"t" &emon&tr+ma ne(o (a ,r"4-at"t". Sa'a %e &,remno ,r"4-at"t" ,re2ac"-an%e $o%e Đ"n)"3

*a$+l"&no ,r",rema -e3 ne$ol"$o m%e&ec".

)&o* e"unaro%ni' %onators(i' (on+eren,ija

7arla 'el Ponte el" +-%er"t" SAD 'a &e ,r"'r+" tom na,or+. Samo no-" ro$ me)+naro'ne*a%e'n"ce omo(+3"o 2" Đ"n)"3+ 'a *a$l%+#" &t-ar. A + tom+ a&4"n(ton moe "(rat"o'l+#+%+3+ +lo(+. M"lo0e-"3e-a &+'2"na 2"t 3e *a,e#a3ena . ma%a ::1. + &+n#anom+re'+ 7ol"na Po?ella. No-" amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ o2e3a-a= O'rat 3emo ,r"t"&a$. M" &ene3emo/ $ao n" Kon(re&/ *a'o-ol%"t" 'o$ ne 2+'+ &+ra)"-al". Pot-r'"l" &mo ,omo3 +-%etno.

No/ o' 1. a,r"la n"&+ mno(o na,ra-"l"/ to %e ne,r"4-atl%"-o. 7arla 'el Ponte o2a-%e0ta-ao Đ"n)"3e-o% -ol%" 'a "*r+#" M"lo0e-"3a I7T8>e-"m &+c"ma/ 0to Amer"$anac/ #"n" &e/ ne *na.Ona m+ o2%a0n%a-a & $a$-"m &e ,ote0$o3ama &+&re3e *2o( ot,ora ,re'&%e'n"$aKo0t+n"ce " tra" n%e(o-+ ,omo3. Vano %e 'a 5eo(ra' na%a-" 'at+m M"lo0e-"3e-a"*r+#en%a %er %e r"%e# o *a$on&$o% o2a-e*" o $o%o% nema ,re(o-ora. Mo(l" 2"&te tra"t" o'Ko0t+n"ce 'a -am $ae 'at+m $a' (a &+tra -"'"te. M"lo0e-"3e-o "*r+#en%e %e te&t= a$o &e5eo(ra'+ 'o,+&t" 'a &e o,"re/ I7T8 3e 2"t" &amo &+'>al"2"/ &-e'en na &+)en%e &amo&"tn"m r"2ama. Do'ala %e 'a %e &am Đ"n)"3 +-%eren + ne&,o&o2no&t &r2"%an&$o(,ra-o&+)a 'a &+'" M"lo0e-"3+ &l%e'e3e '-"%e "l" tr" (o'"ne *2o( te0$o3a + "&tra*" o ,l%a#$"&-o%e *eml%e. M" &mo + Ha(+/ na,rot"-/ &,remn". Do o$to2ra "mat 3emo '-"%e no-eo,t+n"ce ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/ *a Hr-at&$+ " 5o&n+. Tra"t 3emo &,a%an%e ra*l"#"t"4 ,re'meta

" na,ra-"t" %e'"n&t-en ,roce&. Ka' *a-r0"mo &+)en%e + Ha(+/ I7T8 (a moe ,re'at"&r2"%an&$"m &+c"ma 'a o'(o-ara *a 'r+(e *lo#"ne. 7ol"n Po?ell 'ao &e +-%er"t" " &l%e'e3"4&e t%e'ana ,o$a*ao -%eran o2e3an%+.

I Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca %e + a&4"n(ton+. Do0ao %e mo2"l"*"rat" ,rot"-n"$e me)+naro'no(

!B



,ra-o&+)a + na%$on*er-at"-n"%"m $r+(o-"ma $a$o 2" on" ,ota$l" 5+&4o-+ a'm"n"&trac"%+

'a ,o-+#e &-o%+ ,o'r0$+ I7T8>+. Po&l"%e ,on"0ta-an%a 7l"ntono-a ,ot,"&a na R"m&$"&,ora*+m ;. ma%a " o0tr"4 amer"#$"4 $r"t"$a na ra#+n I7T8>a/ &r2"%an&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ m"&l"'a moe na-e&t" Amer"$ance 'a ,o,+t E+ro,l%ana ,r"4-ate "'e%+ o ,roce&+ M"lo0e-"3+ +5eo(ra'+. Al" State De,artment ra*2"%a m+ &-e "l+*"%e= 2e* &+ra'n%e & Ha0$"m &+'om/5eo(ra' -"0e ne3e mo3" ra#+nat" na me)+naro'n+ nanc"%&$+ ,omo3. Vla&t" mora%+ 'at"'at+m M"lo0e-"3e-a "*r+#en%a. 7arla 'el Ponte o'n"%ela %e %e'n+ ,o2%e'+. Al" n%e*"ne'",lomat&$e a$t"-no&t" ,rema amer"#$"m -la&t"ma %a$o &meta%+ (la-nom ta%n"$+ UN>a.De&eto( ma%a Ko Annan ,o*"-a t+"tel%"c+ $o%a %e na ,rola&$+ $ro* Ne? 8or$= Po&to%e(ran"ce $o%e 2" t+"tel% morao ,o0to-at" $a' *a(o-ara &+ra'n%+ -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ & I7T8>em. Me)+t"m/ o2a-e*a 'ra-a 'a &+ra)+%+ ,ro"*la*" "* o2a-e*+%+3e re*ol+c"%e V"%e3a&"(+rno&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a " "ma &na(+ *a$ona/ no (la-n" ta%n"$ ,ot"#e 7arl+ 'el Ponte

'a '%el+%e -"0e '",lomat&$". Za$on ne ,o'no&" 'a &e ,o0t+%e o-"&no o o$olno&t"ma/,o$+0a-a o2%a&n"t" -"car$a/ ne&$lona tom+ 'a ,o&tane re-n" #+-ar ,ol"t"#$e ra-notee/o&o2"to a$o &e na&to%" "3" na r+$+ -la&t"ma na%man%e ra&,oloen"ma 'a ,re'a%+ &-o%eo,t+en"$e " n%"4o-e ta%ne. "-o -am &a-%et+%em 'a ra*m"&l"te o #"n%en"c" 'a ,o&to%e(ran"ce $o%e &e ne &m"%+ ,r"%e3". Ne &matram '+no03+ t+"tel%a 'a ra&,ra-l%a o(o&,o'ar&$o% ,omo3" %e'no% *eml%"/ "n*"&t"ra ra*'raeno (o&,o'"n "* ane. Ne$ol"$ot%e'ana ,o&l"%e/ ,o*'ra-"t 3e "*r+#"-an%e Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a $ao ,o-"%e&n" tren+ta$ *aU%e'"n%ene naro'e.

U 5eo(ra'+ &+ ,o#el" ,re(o-or" + c"l%+ +&-a%an%a Za$ona o &+ra'n%" & I7>T8>em/ al" &+ +&l"%e,o% +l"c".

!G



M"lo0e-"3e-" &a-e*n"c"/ %o0 +-"%e$ + -e3"n" + Sa-e*no% &$+,0t"n" Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/

&ta-l%a%+ -eto. Demo$rat&$" 2lo$ o&ta%e ,o'"%el%en. Đ"n)"3 %e +,o*ora-ao >&l%e'e3a 3e <a*a,otra%at". Ne3e 2"t" n"$a$-o( ,re2ac"-an%a ,r"%e +&-a%an%a Za$ona %er 2" to mo(lo +(ro*"t"#"ta- ,roce&. Al" ,o&l"%e +&-a%an%a/ 'o $o%e( 3e/ m"&l"m/ 'o3" + %+n+/ ,re2ac"-an%a 3e &ena&ta-"t" 6...9 M"lo0e-"3 %e ,o&e2an &l+#a%/ ne mo(+ &e o2a-e*at"/ n,r. 'at" ne$" 'at+m/,re-"0e %e ne"*-%e&no. Mo(+ &amo re3" 'a &+ &-" &-%e&n" 'a &amo +&-a%an%e Za$ona ne3e2"t" 'o-ol%no " 'a 3e &e morat" ,o'+*et" 'r+(e $on$retne a$c"%e ,r"%e 'onator&$e$on<erenc"%e/ o2%a0n%a-a Đ"n)"3 %e'nom "*a&lan"$+ 7arle 'el Ponte/ ,o&lanom + 5eo(ra'$ra%em ma%a ::1. U&,ore'no/ Đ"n)"3 ,o$+0a-a +m"r"t" &-o%e ,rot"-n"$e $o%" (a %o0 +-"%e$&+mn%"#e 'a el" ,re'at" M"lo0e-"3a I7T8>+= M"lo0e-"3 na%,r"%e mora o'(o-arat" *a '%ela +&-o%o% *eml%". 6...9 5"lo 2" ,re%e'no&ta-no ,o&lat" (a + Ha( $ao ,a$et.

Sre'"nom %+na a&4"n(ton *a'ra-a #-r&t &ta- " o'2"%a &+'%elo-at" . %+na na'onator&$o% $on<erenc"%"/ &-e 'o$ Za$on ne 2+'e +&-o%en " o're)en 'at+m M"lo0e-"3e-a"*r+#en%a. Đ"n)"3 *o-e 7arl+ 'el Ponte= 7arla/ M"lo0e-"3 3e 2"t" +&$oro "*r+#en. Ima%te,o-%eren%a + mene. Imam ,lan 'a *ao2")em Sa-e*n+ &$+,0t"n+. V"'%et 3ete. U#"n"t 3emo0to %e ,otre2no. Đ"n)"3 ta'a ,r"la*" Amer"$anc"ma 'a 2" 'o*nao 2" l" on"/ + &l+#a%+e-ent+alno( M"lo0e-"3e-a "*r+#en%a Ha(+/ 2"l" &,remn" 'at" a-"on *a n%e(o-o,re2ac"-an%e + N"*o*em&$+.

E+ro,l%an" &+ 2"l" na #el+ 2or2e ,rot"- ne$an%"-o&t" mo3n"$a $a' &+ ,ot,"&"-al" R"m&$"+(o-or $o%"m &e +&tano-l%+%e &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'. Al" M"lo0e-"3 %e tre2ao 2"t",r-" 0e< 'ra-e $o%em+ %e "$a'a &+)eno ,re' me)+naro'n"m &+'om/ a 'a + tome E+ro,an"%e n" ,r&tom ,oma$la. M"lo0e-"3e-o "*r+#en%e #"n"lo 2" &e amer"#$om ,o2%e'om. Sr2"%a

2" to *am%erala Đ"n)"3+. Tre2alo %e +-%er"t" E+ro,l%ane 'a &e ,o,n+ + %+re3" -la$/ 2arem na$ra%+ -on%e. 7arla 'el Ponte o'l+#+%e ,o*-at" N"%emce " Franc+*e. Na%,r"%e 1. %+na let" +5erl"n. N"%emc"/ $ao " -e3"na E+ro,l%ana/ *am%era%+ me)+naro'nom ,ra-o&+)+ ne2r"(+ o,ol"t"#$o% &"t+ac"%". O,t++%+ ,r"t"&$e I7T8>a " amer"#$+ o'l+$+ 'a 2o%$ot"ra 'onator&$e$on<erenc"%e/ +* r"*"$ 'a o&la2e -la&t + 5eo(ra'+. 7arla 'el Ponte &+,rot&ta-l%a "mmo(+3no&t M"lo0e-"3e-a o&lo2a)an%a $ao mno(o o,a&n"%+. 5eo(ra' "ma na#"na 'a &a'a"*r+#" M"lo0e-"3a. Al" to "*r+#en%e 2"t 3e "&$l%+#"-o amer"#$a ,o2%e'a " o#"t ne+&,%e4E+ro,e/ 'o2ac+%e Jo&c4$" F"&c4er+. N"$a'a ne 2"&mo mo(l" *am"&l"t" 'a 3e M"lo0e-"3 2"t""*r+#en + *am%en+ *a no-ac/ #+'" &e n%ema#$" m"n"&tar -an%&$" ,o&lo-a ,o&l"%e *a-r0et$ara*(o-ora. U &-o%em &a&-"m no-om +re'+ n%ema#$e -la'e/ & ,o(le'om na Re"c4&ta(/er4ar' Sc4ro'er ne o$l"%e-a n" #a&a. Kancelar ,re'lae 'a &e Ko0t+n"c" ,o0al%e,o-%erl%"-a ,or+$a $o%om &e *a4t"%e-a M"lo0e-"3e-o 4"tno "*r+#en%e.

S+tra'an 7arla 'el Ponte tele<on&$" ra*(o-ara &a Jac+e&om 74"racom. M"lo0e-"3e-o %e"*r+#en%e na 'o4-at r+c"/ al" o&ta%+ 2ro%ne *a,re$e. A$o me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca >a ne

!;



&amo SAD >ne ,o$ae o'ma4 " e$&,l"c"tno #-r&t+ -ol%+ 'a -"'" M"lo0e-"3a "*r+#eno(

Ha(+/ "*laemo &e o,a&no&t" 'a ,o&l"%e 'onator&$e $on<erenc"%e "*(+2"mo '"nam"$+&t-oren+ &a'a0n%om &"t+ac"%om. 6...9 U*"mam &" *a ,ra-o/ (o&,o'"ne ,re'&%e'n"#e/ 'a Va&+&r'no *amol"m 'a +,otr"%e2"te &a- &-o% ,ol"t"#$" " moraln" +t%eca%/ $ao " +(le' Franc+&$e'a *atra"te o' 5eo(ra'a >na na#"n $o%" oc"%en"te na%2ol%"m >'a M"lo0e-"3 2+'e 0to ,r"%e,re2a#en + Ha(. Na"me/ #"n" m" &e ,re&+'n"m 'a &e #+%e (la& E+ro,e/ a ,o&e2noFranc+&$e/ ona$o %a&no $a$o to ,o-"%e&ne o$olno&t" *a4t"%e-a%+. I *a$l%+#+%e= Ne,re,+0ta%te *a&l+(+ &amo Amer"$anc"ma/ N"%emc" &+ -e3 ,r"4-at"l" *alo"t" &e... I<ranc+&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ ,r"&ta%e ,r"*-at" ,amet" Ko0t+n"c+. Pr-" ,+t + ,o-"%e&t" Vel"$",r"4-a3a%+ &ta-"t" &-o%+ mo3 + &l+2+ me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e 'a 2" mo(la &+'"t" 2"-0em0e<+ 'ra-e.

O%&učuju#a !in"i#eva interven,ija

Na$on 2lo$a'e S$+,0t"ne &a-e*na -la'a ,ro(la&"la %e *a -r"%eme -"$en'a 'e$ret/ $o%"&t+,a na &na(+ + *or+ + ,one'%el%a$ G. %+na. U na#el+/ &-e *a,re$e "*r+#en%+ ratn"4*lo#"naca $o%e %e o,t+"o I7T8 &a' &+ +$lon%ene. Al" Ko0t+n"ca " n%e(o-" &a-e*n"c"+&tra%a-a%+ na &-o%"m &ta%al"0t"ma. Na'a%+ &e 'a 3e &e Amer"$anc" *a'o-ol%"t" 'e$retom ",ot-r'"t" &-o%e &+'%elo-an%e na 'onator&$o% $on<erenc"%" . %+na + Stoc$4olm+/ o $o%o%o-"&" 2+'+3no&t Sr2"%e. a&4"n(ton ne ,o,+0ta " tra" $on$retn+ &+ra'n%+ ,r"%e $ra%n%e('at+ma. S+&ret + 5eo(ra'+ "*me)+ Đ"n)"3a " Amer"$anaca + &r"%e'+ ,r"%e,o'ne/ . %+na/

,re&+'an %e. Sr2"%an&$" ,rem"%er +-%era-a "4 'a m+ ,omo(n+ + ,o&l%e'n%em ,ote*+na%a-l%+%+3" 2e* ote*an%a n%"4o-o &+'%elo-an%e na Kon<erenc"%" + Stoc$4olm+/ "a$o +-%et"n"&+ "&,+n%en". O2%a0n%a-a 'a M"lo0e-"3e-o "*r+#en%e -"0e ne o-"&" o &a-e*n"m -la&t"ma/ne(o o -la&t"ma Sr2"%e. Za4-al%+%+3" tom 'e$ret+/ 2eo(ra'&$" %e &+' *a,o#eo o'ma4/ -e3+ ,one'%el%a$/ ,roce'+r+ "*-r0en%a me)+naro'no( +4"'2eno( nalo(a. Đ"n)"3 o2e3a-a 'a3e n%e(o-a -la'a 'at" *eleno &-%etlo + na%$ra3em ro$+/ al" n"%e &"(+ran 'a 3e to +&,%et",r"%e . %+na. Za2r"n+t *a &ta2"lno&t &-o%e *eml%e/ el" &e ,ret4o'no +-%er"t" 'a (aKo0t+n"ca ne3e ,o$+0at" + tome &,r"%e#"t". Amer"$anc" m+ o'l+#+%+ 'at" ,o-%eren%e. Ot"3"3e + Stoc$4olm al"/ a$o M"lo0e-"3 ne 2+'e ,re'an Ha0$om tr"2+nal+ ,r"%e 1:. %+la/o2e3an%a 'onatora 2"t 3e ,on"0tena.1 Na%a-a/ ,o&l"%e to( 'ana/ &+'%elo-an%a SAD>a na'onator&$"m $on<erenc"%ama "*nena'"t 3e &-e.

!



D-a'e&et o&mo( %+na U&ta-n" &+' o&,ora-a le(alno&t -la'"na 'e$reta " o'l+#+%e (a

&+&,en'"rat". Đ"n)"3 %e ,r"&"l%en '%elo-at" 4"tno. Sa*"-a -la'+. S-" m"n"&tr" o&"m %e'no(a(la&+%+ *a neo'(o'"-o M"lo0e-"3e-o "*r+#en%e.: Đ"n)"3 *o-e 7arl+ 'el Ponte malo ,o&l"%e1;.!: &at"= M"lo0e-"3 $re3e/ 4"tno nam ,o0al%"te ne$o(a 'a (a ,rat" 'o Ha(a. Ro$o-" &+,re$rat"o 'a &e ,o0al%e *a,r"&e(n+t" #a&n"$ "* Ha(a + 5eo(ra'. Ke-"n 7+rt"&/ %e'an o'2r"tan&$"4 "&tra"tel%a I7T8>a -e3 &e nala*" + &r,&$o% ,r"%e&toln"c"/ ('%e na*o#"e$&4+mac"%ama ne'a-no ot$r"-en"4 (ro2n"ca. O'ma4 (a ,o*"-a%+ " on &e &%e3a= O$o1.!: &at"/ + #et-rta$ . %+na ::1. 2"o &am + %e'no% o' &l+2en"4 *(ra'a 6In&t"t+t 2e*>2e'no&t" + 5eo(ra'+ o,. a.9. Tr" 4el"$o,tera #e$ala &+ "*a *(ra'e. Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3&t"(ao %e "* *at-ora + <+r(on+. N"%e &e #"n"lo 'a *na 'a $re3e *a Ha( %er %e/ #"m %e "*"0ao "*-o*"la/ ,o#eo '"*at" r+$e ,rema ne2+ " ,"tat" +,ra-"tel% *at-ora $o%" (a %e ,rat"o 0to &e'o(a)a. U,ra-"tel% m+ %e o'(o-or"o 'a o'la*" + Ha(. M"lo0e-"3 %e o'2r+&"o 'a ne ,r"*na%e

Tr"2+nal/ 'a (a ne ,o0t+%e " 'a ne3e $ren+t". 5+'+3" 'a &e n"t$o n"%e m"cao/ *atra"o &amo' +,ra-"tel%a *at-ora 'a (a 'o-e'e 'o mene/ 0to %e on +#"n"o. Ta'a &am m+ ,ro#"tao,ra-a " &l+2eno m+ 'ao ,r"o,3"o 'a %e +4"3en.

M"lo0e-"3 %e o'2"o +*et" ,a,"re $o%e &am m+ ,o$+0a-ao ,re'at". Ka' &+ (a ,retra"l"/,o,eo &am &e + 4el"$o,ter 'o $o%e(a %e 'o-e'en. 7"%ela %e o,erac"%a &n"mana. Za -r"%emeleta 4el"$o,terom M"lo0e-"3 %e ,ot,+no ,rom"%en"o 'ran%e " ,o$+0ao *a,o#et" ra*(o-or&a mnom na en(le&$ome.

S,+&t"l" &mo &e + -o%n+ 2a*+ + T+*l" ('%e na& %e 'o#e$ala &$+,"na naor+an"4 -o%n"$a6amer"#$o( $ont"n(enta NATO>a9 $o%" &+ na& o'-el" + montan+ *(ra'+ na r+2+ ,"&te. T+&mo o&tal" o$o &at " ,ol. Sn"mal" &+ na& *a c"%elo( tra%an%a o-o( *a'ra-an%a. U %e'nom

tren+t$+ M"lo0e-"3 %e ,o$+0ao *a,o#et" ra*(o-or & -o%n"c"ma $o%" &+ to o'2"l".

Ot,r"l"$e o$o 1.BG o2a-"%e0ten" &mo 'a %e a-"on $o%" 3e na& o'-e&t" + N"*o*em&$+ +,ra-o&let"o " 'a 3emo $ren+t" #"m +*me (or"-o. Zat"m &+ na& o'-el" 'o a-"ona. Pet l%+'" + c"-"l+&ta-"lo %e ta'a M"lo0e-"3+ l"&"ce " o'-elo (a + a-"on. O2%a&n"o &am %e'nome o' n%"4 'a,roce'+ra I7T8>a ,re'-")a a+'"o>&n"man%e c"%elo(a ,+to-an%a. Al" o'(o-oreno m" %e 'a ton"%e 'o,+0teno " 'a M"lo0e-"3 "ona$o nema ,ra-o (o-or"t". Ta'a %e M"lo0e-"3 o2a-"%e0ten'a mora 0+t%et" o&"m a$o ne el" ne0to ,"tat".1 Po&l"%e na-e#er/ &let%el" &mo + -o%n+ 2a*+ +E"n'4o-en+. M"lo0e-"3 %e ta'a ,re'an n"*o*em&$"m -la&t"ma " 4el"$o,terom o'-e'en 'o*at-ora + Sc4e-en"n(en+. 7arla 'el Ponte %e 2"la $o' $+3e $a' %o% %e + 1.!: . %+na*a*-on"o tele<on. M"&"%a "*-r0ena/ re$ao %o% %e &+ra'n"$. M"lo0e-"3 %e +,ra-o &t"(ao +

*at-or + Sc4e-en"n(en+/ ('%e &e nala*" ,r"t-or I7T8>a. Tele<on&$" ,o*"-" 2"l" &+ 2ro%n" c"%ele-e#er". Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t ,r-a %e #e&t"tala 7arl" 'el Ponte/ a *a n%om amer"#$"-ele,o&lan"$ + Ha(+/ 0e< Ka2"neta n%ema#$o( $ancelara er4ar'a Sc4ro'era " e&le7lar$/ *a,o-%e'n"$ NATO>&na(a + E+ro,". S+tra'an/ ,re' &tot"nama tele-"*"%&$"4 $amera/

!



7arla 'el Ponte ,o*'ra-l%a Đ"n)">3a " n%e(o-+ -la'+/ $ao " 'ra-e $o%e &+ $ona#no

,r"'on"%ele o-om "*r+#en%+. Po&e2no &am *a4-alna1 O&amnae&t m"l"%ar'" 'olara &$+,"t 3e &e $ona#no + Stoc$4olm+ $a$o 2" &e ,omo(lo Sr2"%" 'a*a,o#ne re<orme.

: Ka' ,re'-e#er . %+na ::1. na%a-" 'a %e ,re2ac"-an%e Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a + t"%e$+/ Đ"n)"3"*%a-l%+%e Sr2"ma= M%e&to %e na0e *eml%e + me)+naro'no% *a%e'n"c". O-+ o'l+$+ n"&mo 'on"%el" n"*2o( na&/ n" *2o( na0"4 ro'"tel%a/ ne(o *2o( na0e '%ece. Zato -a& mol"m 'a &4-at"te o-+ te0$+ al",ra-e'n+ o'l+$+.

1 Prema ,r"#" #a&n"$a I7T8>a Ke-"na 7+rt"&a/ *a -r"%eme leta M"lo0e-"3 %e ",a$ tra"o 'o,+0ten%e'a ,+0"/ 0to m+ %e o'2"%eno.

!



SAD>+/ a naro#"to 'ra-nom ta%n"$+ 7ol"n+ Po?ell+/ n%ema#$om $ancelar+ Sc4ro'er+/

<ranc+&$om ,re'&%e'n"$+ Jac+e&+ 74"rac+. S,om"n%em "4 ,o"mence %er &am ,o&l%e'n%"4'ana 2"la + ne,o&re'nom $onta$t+ & n%"ma. Sto &e t"#e %+#era0n%e o,erac"%e/ ,o&e2no*a4-al%+%em Vel"$o% 5r"tan"%" " n"*o*em&$"m -la&t"ma *a n%"4o-+ 'ra(oc%en+ ,o'r0$+. Natraen%e Amer"$anaca 2r"tan&$e *ra#ne &na(e Roal A"r Force 'ale &+ 7>1!: $o%" %e,re-e*ao M"lo0e-"3a "* 5o&ne + N"*o*em&$+. I*r+#en%e ,r-o( 0e<a 'ra-e $o%" %e "$a'a,re'an me)+naro'no% ,ra-'" #"n" &e 'a %e ,lo' me)+naro'no( '",lomat&$o( na,ora 2e*,re&e'ana/ + $or"&t "'eala ,ra-'e. N"%e -ano 0to %e ta ,o'r0$a "*n+)ena " ,r+ena +,o&l%e'n%em tren+t$+. N"%e -ano 0to + #a&+ (la&o-an%a o &t-aran%+ Me)+naro'no($a*neno( &+'a n"%e'an #lan V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" n"%e mo(ao *am"&l"t" 'a 3e &e M"lo0e-"3

%e'no( 'ana na3" + *at-or+ + Sc4e-en"n(en+. To %e ,o2%e'a na' ne$an%"-o03+ mo3n"4.ran"ce "*a $o%"4 &+ &e '"$tator" o&%e3al" *a0t"3en"ma &a'a -"0e n"&+ 2e'em". I7T8 %e ono/

0to n"%e 2"lo -%ero-atno/ +,ra-o ,ret-or"o + &t-arno&t.

7"%el" &-"%et &la-" t+ ,o-"%e&n+ ,o2%e'+ *a me)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+. O&"m ne$"4. Mo&$-atra" o' &-o%e( am2a&a'ora + UN>+ 'a &,r"%e#" 'a ,re'&%e'n"$ V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" "*ra*"*a'o-ol%&t-o o-"m 'o(a)a%em/ F"'el 7a&tro al" ,ol"t"#$+ ,o(re0$+/ a Tr",ol" o,t++%e'-o&tr+$a m%er"la me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce. Ne$" +-o'n"#ar" $r"t"*"ra%+ ,ra-'+ #e$o-ne$n%""ce ne ra*+m"%e-a%+3" 'a me)+naro'na ,ra-'a/ $a$o 2" mo(la *at-or"t" o,t+ene/o-"&" o 'ra-ama. N%o% %e -"0e ne(o "$ome 'r+(ome ,otre2na mo3 $o%a le" + ,ol"t"#$o%-la&t" 'ra-a 'a 2" &e "*-r0a-ale ,re&+'e ne -o'e3" ra#+na o (ran"cama. Ta o-"&no&tme)+naro'ne ,ra-'e o mo3" ,r"&"le/ $o%om ra&,ola+ &amo 'ra-e " $o%om &e one&ele$t"-no $or"&te/ &la2" +t%eca% me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e " &+a-a %o% le("t"m"tet. Tre2a l" *ato

o'+&tat" o' me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e/ $a$o ne$" ,re,or+#+%+/ "l" o,t+"-at" moral"*ammo3n"4 $o%" te"n+ *lo#"na/ %e'"n" ,ra-" $r"ter"% ,ra-'e/ *am%en%+%+ ,ol"t"#$"mra*matran%"ma/ ,o&e2no &matra%+3" ,o'lon"ma ,ra-'" &-o%e ne,r"%atel%e ,r"%e ne(o l",r"%atel%e/ "l" $o%" ,re,or+#+%+ 'r+("ma ono 0to 'o2ro ,a*e 'a ne ,r"m%en%+%+ na &e2eDo$ (o' me)+naro'na ,ra-'a ne 2+'e ,r"m%en%"-a na &-e/ "*(le'at 3e $ao "(ra#$amo3n"4 ,rot"- &la2"4. To %e $r"t"$a $o%+ 3e M"lo0e-"3/ a ,o&l"%e " Sa'am H+&e"n/ &nano"&t"cat" $ro* c"%elo tra%an%e ,roce&a.

I*-ana o-"&an o 'o2ro% -ol%" 'ra-a/ I7T8 %e "*n+tra teor"%&$" &am &-o% (o&,o'ar. Stat+t m+'a%e ta$-+ neo-"&no&t 'a 3e &e 'ra-e/ ne$ol"$o (o'"na ,o&l"%e/ tr+'"t" 'a *a+*'a%+Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' ,o' c"%en+ te0$"4 +*m"can%a/ ,o&e2no &+a-a%+3" o-la&t"t+"tel%a 'a (on" " 'a%+3" V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" &na(+ 'a *a+&ta-l%a ,ro(one. Vel"$e &"le +2r*o&4-a3a%+ o,a&no&t $o%+ ,re'&ta-l%a me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e $o%e/ 'o'+0e/ nema &-o%"4&na(a na ra&,ola(an%+/ al" na $o%e one nema%+ n"$a$-a +t%eca%a. 5o%e &e *al"%etan%aMe)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a na ,ol"t"#$+ ,o*orn"c+ " *ato &e tr+'e +$rot"t" *-"%er. Ma$ol"$o 2"la mo3na/ ,ra-'a nema n" no-#an"$/ n" ma#. O&ta%e/ 'a$le/ ran%"-a.

B:



Ovisnost I-/$a o ve&i(i si&aa

Za4-al%+%+3" "*no&+ o' ! m"l"ona 'olara &,a&ono&n"4 'onac"%a Pa$"&tana " Male*"%e/ Tr"2+nal %e $ona#no mo(ao ,o#et" & ra'om &re'"nom 1B. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e,o%+r"le &+ o'ma4 + Ha(. St"(le &+ &a &-om ,otre2nom "n<ormat"#$om o,remom

T+"tel%&t-+ " '-a'e&et'-o%"c" #"no-n"$a $o%" &+ 'o0l" ra-no "* Penta(ona " "* 7IA>e " $o%e &+2e&,latno +&t+,"l" na ra&,ola(an%e I7T8>+. Pra-n"c"/ -o%n" anal"t"#ar" " ,ol"ca%c" "* &-"4*emal%a 7om>mon?ealt4a &l"%e'"l" &+ "4 " +r"l" + Ha(. Franc+&$a *ao&ta%e. Do$ T+"tel%&t-o",roce'+ra ,a'a%+ + an(lo&a$&on&$e r+$e/ Par"* ne el" &+'%elo-at" + tom na,or+. I7T8/me)+t"m/ 2e* ,rora#+na o-"&" o 'o2ro-ol%n"m ,r"lo*"ma. o'"n+ 'ana ,o&l"%e/ Franc+&$a

%o0 +-"%e$ n"%e +,lat"la n" centa. Je'-a %e ,r"4-at"la ,o*-at" ne$ol"$o -olontera "* &-o%e(

M"n"&tar&t-a +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a " M"n"&tar&t-a ,ra-o&+)a te "4 0al%e ,o' +-%etom 'a "4,la3a%+ U%e'"n%en" naro'".

Te ra*l"$e + 'ran%+ "*me)+ Franc+*a " An(lo&a$&onaca/ -"'l%"-e o' &amo( ,o#et$a/ n"&+&l+#a%ne. S-" real"&t" + Tr"2+nal+ -"'e &amo ,ro'+en%e ,ol"t"#$e -la&t"/ n%e*"n &+'&$"o(rana$. C"m &+ +2rane '"-"'en'e e<e$ta na%a-e/ &-" &e &la+ 'a %e c"l% 'o&t"(n+t. I7T8 %e,o&l+"o *a o,ra-'an%e ,ol"t"#ar"ma/ a $ao o'+0a$ emoc"%ama "*a*-an"ma &tra4otamane'%ela + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". O'ma4 *at"m %e na,+0ten/ 2e* &re'&ta-a *a o,&tana$/ 2e*,rora#+na. Prot"- &-a$o( o#e$"-an%a/ 0a#"ca 'o-ol%no "'eal"&t"#$"4 ma("&trata otr(n+t 3e(a me)+t"m o' n%e(o-e &+'2"ne "&tro0eno( al"2"%a/ o'2a#eno( + $o0. K+ca%+ na &-a -rata" $ona#no nala*e <on'o-e *a ot-aran%e ,r-"4 "&tra(a. O-o neo#e$"-ano 2+)en%e 'o-o'"

-el"$e &"le + ne+(o'an ,oloa%. Dale &+ o2e3an%a $o%a n"&+ nam%era-ale "&,+n"t"/ &t-or"le&+ &ame &e2" o2a-e*e *a $o%e n"&+ &matrale 'a "4 -e*+%+. Sa'a 3e &e morat" na(o'"t" %er3e ra' Tr"2+nala "mat" 2e* &+mn%e ,ol"t"#$e "m,l"$ac"%e. S-e -el"$e &"le ",a$ ne rea("ra%+

%e'na$o 2r*o n" "&t"m E or+%"ma ,re' tom $reat+rom $o%a "m "*m"#e "* r+$+ " $o%e &e 2o%e.

B1



Pr-" rea("ra SAD $a$o 2" &,r"%e#"o Tr"2+nal 'a &e o&lo2o'". SAD %e +-"%e$ 4t"o 'a Tr"2+nal

2+'e ,o' &$r2n"0t-om/ o'no&no ,o' -la03+ V"%e3a &"(+r no&t"/ 2e* ,ra-e &amo&talno&t".Pro%e$t $o%" SAD n+'" + mart+ 1!./ $a' &e &t-arao I7T8/ ,re'lae 'a V"%e3e &"(+rno&t"2+'e o-la0teno *a na'*or ,r"$+,l%an%a l%+'"/ nanc"ran%e o,erac"%a Tr"2+nala/ a naro#"tot+"tel%a. Ta% ,r"%e'lo( $ona#no %e na,+0ten + $or"&t ,ro%e$ta $o%" &+ na'a4n+l" Franc+*" "

Tal"%an"/ $o%"m &e ,re,or+#+%e ne*a-"&no&t Tr"2+nala. Al" *a a&4"n(ton ,r"or"tet ",a$o&ta%e na#elo *a'ra-an%a $ontrole na' tom "n&t"t+c"%om.

Franc+&$a -%er+%e + er+ l%+'&$"4 ,ra-a " + na'+ $o%+ 'ono&" me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e ,a %e ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" +&,%e0no 2ran"la ,r"nc", ne*a-"&no&t" Tr"2+nala. Kao 'omo-"naDe$larac"%e o l%+'&$"m ,ra-"ma ona &e '"#" 'a %e "*m"&l"la &+'&$o +,l"tan%e ,o mo'el+4+man"tarno( +,l"tan%a/ " ra'o na,om"n%e 'a %e 2"la %e'na o' ,o$reta#$"4 &na(a +

&t-aran%+ ,r-e me)+naro'ne $a*nene "n&tance ,o&l"%e Nrn2er(a " To$"%a. U,ra-o nan%e*"n ,ot"ca% nametn+la &e "'e%a me)+naro'no( &+'a/ nam"%en%eno( &,re#a-an%+na&ta-$a *lo#"na + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" " $an%a-an%+ $r"-aca. Rolan' D+ma&/ + ono -r"%emen%e*"n m"n"&tar -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a/ ,r-" %e 1. to %a-no "*ra*"o. Al"/ $ao " o&tal" n%e(o-aran(a/ el"o %e ,r"%e &-e(a 'o$"n+t" &-a$+ el%+ 'a &e -o%nom &"lom o'(o-ara na ne'%ela$o%a &e 'o(a)a%+. Par"* te0$o +&$la)+%e &-o%e ,lemen"te "'eale &a &-o%om '",lomac"%om.Ka' mrt-oro)en" &+' ,o#ne ,o&to%at"/ Franc+&$a ne +&,"%e-a &t-or"t" n"$a$-+ &trate("%+.Za'o-ol%a-a &e na&ta-$om "(nor"ran%a to( no-o( #"n"tel%a $o%" &e &am 2e*o2*"rno ,o*"-ana me)+naro'n+ &cen+/ a n%e*"na (a '",lomac"%a " 'al%e ,re*"re. oto-o 2"&mo &e moral"tome -e&el"t" 'a %e tome ra*lo( o#+-an%e ne*a-"&no&t" me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Al" to

%e 'ran%e o$r+tan o'&%a% nee$a&no&t" <ranc+&$e -an%&$e ,ol"t"$e

,o&l%e'n%"4 '-a'e&et (o'"na.

Za ra*l"$+ o' Franc+*a/ An(lo&a$&onc" ne #e$a%+3" ra*-"%a%+ &trate("%+ ,rema tom t"(r+ o',a,"ra $o%" &e 2+'". Za n%"4 &+ &t-ar" %e'no&ta-ne. 5+'+3" 'a I7T8 &t-ara o2a-e*e-la'ama/ ne moe o&tat" + 2e&te"n&$om &tan%+ + o'no&+ na &-e ,ol"t"#$e -la&t". 5+'+3"'a %e I7T8 &re'&t-o +,l"tan%a/ mora &e #+-at" + to,l"n" "&,o' $r"la ,ol"t"#ara. S o2*"rom nato 'a *a n%"4 &+'2ena -la&t n"%e n+no o'"%el%ena o' ,ol"t"#$e -la&t"/ moe 2"t" n%e*"no&re'&t-o. Ra'"%e na&to%e &ta-"t" ,ra-o + &l+2+ n%"4o-e mo3" ne(o 'a %o% ono 2+'e*a,re$a. U,ra-o "*-r0a-a%+3" &-o%+ -o'e3+ +lo(+ na' t"m no-"m &re'&t-om/ na%la$0e 3e'o-e&t" ,ra-o + &l+2+ '",lomat&$e a$c"%e " ,o're'"t" (a a$o 2" *a,r"%et"lo ometan%emn%"4o-e ,ol"t"#$e nam%ere.

Za Amer"$ance me)+naro'no %e ,ra-o + "&t" ma4 &re'&t-o 'om"nac"%e " "'eal *aFranc+*e ono %e &amo "'eal. Re*+ltat= Franc+&$a &e +r" 2ran"t" (a/ a n%e*"na '",lomac"%a/$o%a ne *na 0to 2" & "'eal"ma/ +r" &e $le-etat" (a. Za -"&o$e '+no&n"$e M"n"&tar&t-a-an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a Re,+2l"$e Franc+&$e I7T8 %e " 'al%e na%(ora "'e%a ,o&l%e'n%"4 (o'"na.

B



O'atle ,a&"-no&t Par"*a + o'no&+ na I7T8. Do$ An(lo&a$&onc" *a+*"ma%+ ,ro&tor/

Franc+&$a &e ,ona0a $ao rt-a "n&t"t+c"%e na $o%+ nema +t%eca%a. Franc+&$" '",lomat" "-o%n"c" %a-no ,o$a*+%+ &-o%e ne,o-%eren%e/ -r"%e)a%+ &e *2o( *a4t%e-a ,ra-o&+)a $o%e "4na-o'no &,re#a-a 'a ra'e &-o% ,o&ao. T+e &e na mo3 ,ra-o&+)a $o%e &e (+ra tamo ('%em+ n"%e m%e&to/ $o%e 2" n%"4o-e -o%n"$e + 5o&n" 4t%elo ,ret-or"t" + ,omo3n"$e ,ra-o&+)a "$o%e +m"0l%a 'a &-o%"m o,t+n"cama moe o'l+#"-at" t$o moe/ a t$o ne moe &%e&t" *a,re(o-ara#$" &tol. N"&+ Franc+*" %e'"n" $o%" ta$o m"&le/ al" &+ ,r-" $o%" to %a&no " (la&no$a+. Ta "m 2a4ato&t +2r*o 'ono&" ne*a4-alno " ne*a&l+eno m%e&to na%lo0"%"4 'a$ame)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a " m%e&to om"l%en"4 meta t+"tel%a I7T8>a " t"&$a. H+2ert Ve'r"ne" Her-e 'e 74arette "* M"n"&tar&t-a -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a/ Ala"n

V"'"= La&&erre I&a2elle/ L"m,+"&&ance<ranca"&e 6Franc+&$a nemo39/ Flammar"on/ Par"*/ ::.

B!



R"c4ar' "* M"n"&tar&t-a o2rane tome &+ o2"lato ,r"'on"%el". N%"4o- ot-oren" an"mo*"tet/

,one$a' " &r'2a/ o&tal" &+ + ,am3en%+ ne$ol"$o &+'aca " t+"tel%a/ $ao " + anal"ma I7T8>a.Ne*(o'ne ne&,retno&t" $o%e o'a%+ &meteno&t/ ne&,o&o2no&t ,r"la(o'2e &"t+ac"%" $o%+ n"Franc+*" n"t" n%"4o-" ,artner" + V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" n"&+ ,re'-"'%el" $a' &+ ma4al" t"m&mo$-"n"m l"&tom n%"4o-e "nerc"%e.

O'&+tna/ &to(a nemo3na/ Franc+&$a n"%e + &tan%+ +t%ecat" na I7T8 n" $a'a %e r"%e# o"*2or+ a$+*atorno( ,o&t+,$a/ $o%" %e &nano na'a4n+t an(lo&a$&on&$"m ,ra-om/ n" $a'a

%e r"%e# o +,otre2" <ranc+&$o(/ %e*"$a $o%" %e + teor"%"/ +* en(le&$"/ &l+2en" %e*"$ &+'&t-a/n"t" $a'a %e r"%e# o n%e(o-+ '%elo-an%+. V"0e *2o( ,a&"-no&t" ne(o ,o "*2or+/ ,o$a*at 3e&e $ao *eml%a $o%a na%-"0e ,o0t+%e neo-"&no&t &+'&t-a me)+ &taln"m #lan"cama V"%e3a&"(+rno&t". O' to(a %e mo(la na,ra-"t" ,ra-+ ,ol"t"$+/ &ta-"t" &-o% ,ono& + &l+2+

$on$retne " #e&t"te am2"c"%e " 2"t" + &$la'+ &a &amom &o2om. Ta$o 2" &te$la ,ra-o 'ao,t++%e/ ,a " 'a &e 2or" ,rot"- an(lo&a$&on&$"4 ,r"t"&a$a na &+'&$" ,roce& te &,o&o2no&t'a $or"&no 2ran" ona% "'eal ,ra-'e *a $o%" $ae 'a (a ta$o ar$o el" ,rom"cat". Ta$o 2""(rala $l%+#n+ +lo(+ $o%+ *a &e2e tra" na ,o'r+#%+ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Al" +ne'o&tat$+ &trate("%e + o'no&+ na Tr"2+nal/ Franc+&$+ &e moe &+'"t" &amo ,o '%el"mana -an%&$o% ,o*orn"c". Tamo ('%e &e na(a)a & I7T8>em " me)+naro'n"m ,ra-o&+)em $o%e&e ,o&t+,no ra'a/ tamo ('%e n+no 'a%e ,re'no&t ,ol"t"#$om real"*m+ na&,ram "'eal+,ra-'e " ,on"0ta-a/ "&to ta$o #e&to $ao 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc"/ me)+naro'no ,ra-o &-a$",+t $a' &e ono ,rot"-" n%e*"n"m ,art"$+larn"m "ntere&"ma.

Franc+&$a ,ro&-%e'+%e ,re' an(lo&a$&on&$om ,re-la&t"/ $o%a &e + I7T8>+ ,ot-r)+%e "*(o'"ne + (o'"n+. Za4t"%e-a -e3+ *a&t+,l%eno&t/ al" ne ra'" n"0ta. On"4 &e'am'e&eta$

Franc+*a $o%" ,o&t+,no &t"+ + Ha( 'o0l" &+ na -la&t"t+ "n"c"%at"-+/ ,o&t"(l" &+ &-o%a,roma$n+3a -la&t"tom *a&l+(om " "mal" &+ r"%et$+ ,re'no&t 'a "4 -la&t"ta -la'a n"$a' ne,o*"-a 'a "m ne0to ,o-%er" "l" 'a "m 'a 2"lo $a$-e +,+te. Franc+&$a *na 'a %e/ $ao "-e3"na E+ro,l%ana/ "*(+2"la 2"t$+ " "*-+3" 3e "* to(a le$c"%+ $a' 'o)e na re' &taln"Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'. An(lo&a$&onc" &+ &lo2o'n" na&ta-"t" &-o%+ &trate("%+ &tro(e$ontrole " "nltr">ran%a + "n&t"t+c"%e/ 0to &+ *a,o#el" o' &amo( ,o#et$a. N%"4o-a-ele,o&lan&t-a ,o%a#a-a%+ &-o%e t"mo-e + Ha(+/ $o%" %e ,o#et$om ra'a &talno(Me)+naro'no( &+'a 1. %+la ::. ,o&tao -"0e ne(o "$a' ,r"%e&toln"com me)+naro'no(,ra-o&+)a.! Ve3 ,o' 7l"ntonom a&4"n(ton %e ot-or"o m%e&to ,o&e2no( -ele,o&lan"$a*a'+eno( *a ,"tan%a me)+naro'no( ,ra-a/ a *a'rala (a %e " 5+&4o-a a'm"n"&trac"%a. Ta<+n$c"%a/ + $o%o% &e ,o%a-l%+%+ " '",lomac"%a " ,ra-o/ $o%" &+ ,rema n%"4o-+ m"0l%en%+nera*'-o%"-"/ +-"%e$ &e ,o-%era-a ,ra-n"$+.

7"%ela (enerac"%a mla'"4 '",lomata la?era ,r"-"$a-a &e me)+naro'nom ,ra-+ "'%elo-an%+ n%e(o-"4 ,ra-o&+'n"4 "n&t"t+c"%a/ +nato# amer"#$o% o'2o%no&t" ,rema 0"ren%+ te

BB



,ra-'e $o%a te" ,o&tat" +n"-er*alnom " ,rot"- $o%e 3e &e 5+&4 e&to$o 2or"t". Ka' &+ +

,rol%e3e 1. 5r"tanc" +0l" + 2"t$+/ *a4-al%+%+3" 'ola&$+ 5la"ra na #elo Vla'e/ " on" &+ na$onc+ +* &-o%e( 0e<a '",lomac"%e ,o&ta-"l" mla'o( ,ra-n"$a $o%" %e "*+#"o *anat + I7T8>+('%e %e *a'rao 2ro%ne $onta$te " #"%e &-e $ota#"3e ,o*na%e. Franc+&$a "ma + Ha(+ &amo

%e'n+ $om,etentn+ " *a"ntere&"ran+ o&o2+/ al" n%e*"ne &l+2ene 2"l%e0$e nema%+ n"$a$-a+t%eca%a. U Par"*+ %e ,ra-n"m &a-%etn"c"ma/ ,re,+n"ma &-"4 mo(+3"4 ,re'ra&+'a "ne'ora&l"ma o-ome no-om "n&tr+ment+ $o%" %e'-a ,o*na%+/ ,re,+0tena &-a 2r"(a o I7T8>+. On" &+ o&,o&o2l%en" o2ra)"-at" &amo a&,e$te $o%" &e o'no&e na &+'&$+ &+ra'n%+ &

Tr"2+nalom >,r"&t+, &-%e'oc"ma/ ar4"-"ma "t'. >$ao 'a &e +lo( %e'ne "n&t"t+c"%e/ &a' -e3o,&$r2l%ene ,rora#+nom o' 1:: m"l"ona 'olara " $o%a *a,o0l%a-a -"0e o' 4"l%a'+ o&o2a/o(ran"#a-a &amo na to.

Unato# '"%el+ mot"-a $o%e &e ne moe ,r"*nat"/ An(lo&a$&onc" &e + ,ot,+no&t" $or"&te&l"$om $o%+ "m + n%"4o-+ %a-nom mn"%en%+ 'ono&" ta a$t"-na " -"0e'"men*"onalna ,o'r0$aI7T8>+ " n%e(o-+ ,ra-o&+'nom 2l"*anc+/ ,o&-e3enom R+an'". Kao ,r-o/ amer"#$a -la'a"*(le'a $ao 'a -o'" -an%&$+ ,ol"t"$+ $o%a ,o0t+%e l%+'&$a ,ra-a. Ia$o na& ra*'o2l%e ,o&l"%e11. &e,tem2ra na-o'" 'a to *a2ora-"mo/ ta %e 2r"(a + 'e-e'e&et"m (o'"nama 2"la&t-arna/ naro#"to ,o&l"%e (enoc"'a + R+an'" "* 1B. (o'"ne " &re2ren"#$e &ramote "*1G./ $a' %e amer"#$a %a-no&t ta% ,olet + $or"&t me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e 'o"-l%a-ala $ao#"n $a%an%a n%"4o-e -la'e. to ,rora#+n I7T8>a -"0e ra&te/ &tot"ne ,ra-n"$a " ,ol"ca%aca/o4ra2ren"4 amer"#$om ,ot,orom $o%a 'a%e

! U Ha(+ &e/ o&"m I7T8>a " &talno( Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779 nala*" " Me)+naro'n" &+',ra-'e 6I7J9/ $o%" %e me)+naro'n"/ al" n"%e $a*nen" &+' $ao 'r+(a '-a/ " *a'+en %e *a &,oro-e

me'+ 'ra-ama.

BG



$re'"2"l"tet ,ra-o&+)+/ +,+3+%+ &e ,rema Ha(+. Amer"$anc"/ 5r"tanc"/ A+&tralc"/

J+noa<r"$anc"/ No-o*elan)an"/ Kana)an".../ 'ola*e -e3"nom "* 7ommon--ealt4a. Ne$" %e'-a *na%+ ('%e %e 5al$an. O,&%e'a%+ T+"tel%&t-o/ ,o$reta# Tr"2+nala/ #"%" &+ &+c",ot"&n+t" + +lo(+ ar2"tra "*me)+ o2rane " t+"tel%a. Vo%n" anal"t"#ar" " ,ra-n"c"/o2a-%e0ta%c"/ la$o &e +ta,a%+ + (om"l+ na&ta-l%a%+3" *a+*"mat" &$romna/ al" &trate0$am%e&ta " &l+"t" -"0e &-o%o% -la'" ne(o I7T8>+.

V"0e &e ne ,o0t+%e ,ol"t"#$a $-ota $o%+ name3+ U%e'"n%en" naro'" 'a 2" *a%am#"l"m+lt"$+lt+ralno&t &-o%"4 "n&t"t+c"%a. Ne$" (o'"nama +$a*+%+ na ,o&l%e'"ce to(a ne+&,"%e-a%+3" "4 "&,ra-"t". De&et o' &e'amnae&t o'(o-orn"4 m%e&ta + I&tranom o'%el+

T+"tel%&t-a *a+*"ma%+ (ra)an" tr"%+ *eml%al%a/ A+&tral"%e/ No-o( Zelan'a " Vel"$e5r"tan"%e/ "*no&" %e'an 2"-0" "&to#noe+ro,&$" "&tra"tel% I7T8>a + &-o%o% t+2" Sl+2"

+n+tarn%e $ontrole U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a. U n%o% ot$r"-a " ne,ot"*am ,r"l"$om *a,o0l%a-an%a/0to 'o-o'" 'o "meno-an%a na -"&o$e <+n$c"%e "&tra"tel%a 2e* &-e+#"l"0no( o2ra*o-an%a.Mno(" me'+ n%"ma &+ A+&tralc"/ $o%e + n%"4o-+ m+n%e-"tom +&,on+ o4ra2r+%e&+naro'n%a$/ *am%en"$ (la-ne t+"tel%"ce ra4am 5le--"tt/ $o%" %e + Ha(+ o' 1B. I ne$"An(lo&a$&onc" ot$r"-a%+ $l"%entel"*am $o%" ,on"0ta-a '%elot-orno&t t+"tel%&t-a. 7l"nt"ll"am&on/ $o%" %e ::;. ,o&tao ,o&e2n" amer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ *a ratne *lo#"ne/ t+" &ena to + a,r"l+ ::1. 'o$ %o0 ra'" + I7T8>+.

Amer"#$a " 2r"tan&$a -la'a ne trae *a &e2e (la-no m%e&to. Al" $or"&te3" &ean(lo&a$&on&$om ,remo3" " 'o-"tl%"-o ra&,ore)enom mreom na teren+/ on" &+ ,r-"o2a-"%e0ten" o o'l+$ama "l" &trate("%ama $a*neno( ,ro(ona. Ta$o mo(+ ,o$+0at" +t%ecat"na n%"4. Al" 'o2ro *na%+ 'a &e na'me3+ & mo3" ,ra-o&+)a/ $o%e ne mora n"$ome ,ola(at"

ra#+ne. T+"tel% ne tra" " ne ,r"ma +,+te n" o' $o%e -la'e/ n"t" "* 2"lo $o%e( 'r+(o("*-ora/ o're)+%e #lana$ 1;. Stat+ta I7T8>a $o%" %e +&-o%"lo V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" G. ma%a1!. I,a$ &e T+"tel%&t-o #e&to ,erc","ra $ao na%,ol"t"#$"%" or(an o-e "n&t"t+c"%e/ ona% $o%"&e mora ,r"la(o'"t" ,ol"t"#$om o$r+en%+/ tr+'"t" na3" ra-note+ "*me)+ "m,erat"-a,ra-'e " ,ol"t"$e '"&$rec"%&$o ,ra-o $o%e m+ %e 'ano + "&t" %e ma4 n%e(o-a &na(a "n%e(o-a &la2o&t/ o-"&no o tome $or"&t" l" &e n%"me 'a *a'o-ol%" o#e$"-an%a 'ra-a "l" rta-a" &-"4 on"4 $o%" &e na'a%+ 'a 3e &e 'o$"n+t" ne$an%"-o&t. Pr-" t+"tel% %o0 ne%a$e "n&t"t+c"%e

J+noa<r"$anac R"c4ar' ol'&tone 61B. >1;.9 -"0e %e &l+0ao 'ra-e ne(o n%e(o-"&l%e'n"c". Do,ala (a %e te0$a *a'a3a 'a +&$la'" '-a le("t"mna ,roce&a/ &+'&$" ,roce&/ *a$o%" %e 2"o *a'+en/ " ,ol"t"#$e ,re(o-ore $o%e %e +&,ore'no -o'"la me)+naro'na*a%e'n"ca 'a 2" &e ,r"-eo $ra%+ rat + 5o&n". T-r'o(la-"%e/ Kana)an$a Lo+"&e Ar2o+r 61;.>1.9 " -"car$a 7arla 'el Ponte 61. >::.9 n"&+ ra&,oloene +&t+$n+t" ,re' -"0"m'ra-n"m o2*"r"ma n" o(r"%e0"t" &e o #lana$ 1;. $o%" %am#" n%"4o-+ neo-"&no&t/ ,a ma$ar,oremet"le me)+naro'na ,ra-"la "(re ,o*"-a%+3" ,r-" ,+t %e'no( 0e<a 'ra-e 'a ,olo"ra#+ne *a *lo#"na#$e ,o&l%e'"ce &-o%e( ,ol"t"#$o( '%elo-an%a. Ne,o,+&tl%"-e/ omo(+3"le &+

B;



'a &e ,o&t+,no nametne *am"&ao 'a n"$a$-o ,ol"t"#$o r%e0en%e &+$o2a "/ $ona#no/

n"$a$-o ,om"ren%e n"&+ mo(+3" a$o rt-ama n"%e 'o&+)ena ,ra-'a. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r n"%e,r"4-a3ala ,r"t"&a$ 'ra-a " o'+&tala %e na$on o,t+n"ce ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a. -"car$a &et-r'o(la-o 2or" o&am (o'"na. U &-o%"m me)+naro'n"m "&tra(ama ,rot"- ma%e= r+&$e/$ol+m2"%&$e/ me$&"#$e "l" tal"%an&$o>amer"#$e/ -o)en"ma "* -"car&$e/ "mala %e ,r"l"$+na"la*"t" na ra*l"#"te ,ol"t"#$e *a,re$e te "&te -"car&$e $o%a %e l%+2omorno #+-ala &-o%+2an$ar&$+ ta%n+ ,rot"- $o%e &e 2or"la 7arla 'el Ponte. Al" n"$a'a/ $a$o ,o-%era-a na $ra%+&-o%e( man'ata/ n"%e mo(la *am"&l"t" 'a ,o&ao me)+naro'no( t+"tel%a moe 2"t" ta$ora*l"#"t o' ,o&la 'ra-no( o'-%etn"$a/ tol"$o &+ ,r"t"&c" " ,o$+0a%" m"%e0an%a ,ol"t"#ara 2"l"2ro%n". S+o#en" &a &,o&o2no03+ ne,o&l+4a t+"tel%a/ An(lo&a$&onc" &e ne mo(+*a'o-ol%"t" '"%el%en%em &a-%eta $o%" &e ,re-"0e r"%et$o &l"%e'e. Zato +&,ore'no ra*-"%a%+mno(o ,o'm+$l"%e " o,a&n"%e &trate("%e/ $o%e ma("&trat" ne3e +-"%e$ na -r"%eme ot$r"t".

I7T8 %e +-"%e$ ,o2+)"-ao la$omo&t. S-" 2" 4t%el" *nat" 0to &e 'o(a)a "*a -rata "mno(o2ro%n"4 &"(+rno&n"4 *a,re$a "*a $o%"4 mo(+ &t+,"t" &amo &retn" o'a2ran"c" &a$re'"tac"%ama/ t"m ,o&l%e'n%"m Se*ame/ ot-or" &e. Pro'r"%et" + ta% ,re(ra)en" &-"%et/ &n%e(o-"m &e<o-"ma/ ,o&e2n"m o-la&t"ma/ tele<on"ma " 0"<r"ran"m <a$&o-"ma/ &"(+rno&n"mlo*"n$ama. I ('%e -la'a ne,o-%eren%e me)+ o'%el"ma/ me)+ $ato-"ma/ me'+ ra*l"#"t"mnac"onalno&t"ma. I&tran" ,o&t+,a$ mora o&tat" ,o-%erl%"-/ to &e ,o'ra*+m"%e-a. Al"o,a&no&t" &+ &e +-"%e$ ,roc%en%"-ale '"&$r"m"nac"%&$" $ao 'a mo(+ 'ola*"t" &amo o' 2"-0"4

J+(o&la-ena/ on"4 $o%e %e Tr"2+nal 2"o *a'+en ,ro(on"t". No n"%e "4 mno(o ra'"lo + o-o%"n&tanc". V%e0t"%a "l" man%e -%e0ta "(ra n%"4o-"4 -la&t"/ $ao 0to &+ ,o$+0a%" "nltr"ran%a&r,&$"4/ 4r-at&$"4 "l" 2o0n%a#$"4 0,"%+na/ &talno "*a*"-a%+ %a$+ +*nem"reno&t. Pone$a' &

ra*lo(om. Al" na%-e3a o,a&no&t 'ola*" "*-an Tr"2+nala/ $a' ta%ne &l+2e "* *emal%a 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e 0,"%+n"ra%+ "&tra"tel%e $o%" &+ + m"&"%" + re("%" " ,"&l+0$+%+ n%"4o-e tele<on&$era*(o-ore. U -"0e na-rata +4-at"l" &+ "4 na '%el+/ 2"lo Tr"2+nal 2"lo t"&a$ "* 2"-0e

J+(o&la-"%e $o%" el%no o'a%e male ta%ne me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Ka' -la'e ,r",remelane &-%e'o$e/ ,o'metn+ lane 'o$+mente. Ta &e &trate("%a ,o$a*ala ne+#"n$o-"tom "lo$alne %e -la&t" 2r*o na,+0ta%+ %er ,o&t+,a$ na%#e03e omo(+3a-a ot$r"-an%e ,re-are na-r"%eme. Strate("%a $o%a %e +#"n$o-"t"%a " (oto-o %+ %e nemo(+3e &+*2"t" o&ta%e na-o)en%e&-%e'o$a ,r"%etn%om o'ma*'om "l" #a$ ,r"%etn%om &mr3+/ ,one$a' #a$ " "*-r0a-an%em te,r"%etn%e.B

Dra-e 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e ,o$+0a-a%+ o&+%et"t" o-a% &+' $o%" $o,a ,o n%"4o-o% na%&ramotn"%o% ,ro0lo&t"/ &,r"%e#"t" m+ ,r"&t+, $om,rom"t"ra%+3"m

ta%nama/ ne+tral"*"rat" n%e(o-o '%elo-an%e. Pone$a' + tom+ +&,"%e-a%+/ al" nema%+ &t-arno( +t%eca%a na Tr"2+nal " n%e(o-e o'l+$e. Pra-o&+)e %e &,remno na

,rot+na,a'e &-o%"4 o&+mn%"#en"$a " n%"4o-"4 "*ra-n"4 ,oma(a#a. Al" ne *na &e 2ran"t" o' na,a'a &-o%"4 &a-e*n"$a.

B



U#"n$o-"to&t me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a o-"&" o n%e(o-o% &,o&o2no&t" ,r"&t+,a 'o$a*"ma/

0to %e $l%+# +&,%e4a S+'a + N+rn2er(+W/ -ole ,ona-l%at" ma("&trat" + Ha(+. Al" o-a% ,+t&a-e*n"c" I7T8>a n"&+ m+ &,remn" 'at" n+n+ ,omo3 'a 2" +t-r'"o "&t"n+. I on" &e #+-a%++,a'a ,ra-'e $o%a ,r"%et" o(ol%e>n%em ne$"4 n%"4o-"4 ta%n". I/ 'a 2" &e *a0t"t"l"/ $or"&te &e"&t"m meto'ama $ao -la'e 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e >tele<on&$"m ,r"&l+0$"-an%em/ "nltrac"%om +

Tr"2+nal/ ,r"$r"-an%em 'o$a*a "l" &-%e'o$a >al" ta$o '%elot-orno 'a to n%"4o- +t%eca% naI7T8 #"n" &tra4o-"t"m. U tom+ le" ,ra-a o,a&no&t *a me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e.

Do$ &e Franc+&$a '+r" na Tr"2+nal $o%" %e ,ot,ao ,o' amer"#$" +t%eca%/ Amer"$anc" "5r"tanc" m+ &e &ta-l%a%+ na ra&,ola(an%e. Pra-e &e 'a ,re'a%+ "n<ormac"%e $o%e &e mo(+,r"2a-"t" &amo &re'&t-"ma $o%"ma one ra&,ola+. S%e3amo &e &atel"t&$"4 &l"$a $o%"ma %e,re' t"&$om ma4ala ,o#et$om a+(+&ta 1G. Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t/ a $o%e ,o$a*+%+ m%e&tana $o%"ma %e *eml%a &-%ee $o,ana/ 0to &+ -%ero-atno m%e&ta ma&o-n"4(ro2n"ca ,o&l"%e ,a'a en$la-e Sre2ren"ce. Al" on" ,re'a%+ &amo ono 0to eleman",+l"ra%+3" ta$o I7T8>em.G In<ormac"%e $o%e &+ t"%e$om c"%elo( rata ,r"$+,l%ale -el"$e&"le omo(+3"le 2" t+"tel%&t-+ I7T8>a 'a &e 2r*o ,o,ne ,o *a,o-%e'nom lanc+ " 'a 2e*o$l"%e-an%a ra*ot$r"%e na%o'(o-orn"%e *a &tra4ote $o%e &+ &e na&ta-l%ale + 2"-0o%

J+(o&la-"%". No t" 4+0$a#" 2"l" &+ &+(o-orn"c" $o%e %e tre2alo ,a*"t". Ola$0a-a%+3" ,o&aoI7T8>+/ -el"$e 2" &"le r"&$"rale ,re$"' '"%alo(a $o%" &+ 4t%ele ,o' &-a$+ c"%en+ ,o'+,"rat".Zato &+ 'o*"rale ,r"&t+,/ o'no&no +&$rat"le ,oraa-a%+3e 'o$a*e $o%e &+ "male 'a ne 2"o&+%et"le '",lomat&$+ a$c"%+. I7T8 3e 'o2"t" &amo '"o &l"$a ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ $o%e &++"-o ,rat"l" amer"#$" 0,"%+n&$" &atel"t". One ,ot-r)+%+ 'a %e *lo#"n/ $o%" &+ ,re"-%el" ,o#el"ot$r"-at" -e3 $ra%em %+la 1G. + &-o%"m ,r-"m &-%e'o#en%"ma t"&$+ " "&tra"tel%"ma I7T8>a/&t-aran. O-om &nano me'"%&$" ,o,ra3enom (e&tom SAD &e na&to%ao o,ra-'at" ,re'

%a-n"m mn"%en%em $o%e ne ra*+m"%e *a0to &re2ren"#$a en$la-a n"%e 2"la *a0t"3ena " tra"o2%a0n%en%a o na,+0tan%+ o-e ,o,+lac"%e $o%+ &+ &e -el"$e &"le o2a-e*ale Re*ol+c"%omV"%e3a &"(+rno&t" "* a,r"la 1!. &ta-"t" "*-an 'o&e(a &na(a (enerala Mla'"3a/ ratno(-o)e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. SAD " n%e(o-" &a-e*n"c" ne ele 'a o-e &l"$e 2+'+ o2%a-l%ene %er'o$a*+%+ 'a &+ na -r"%eme "mal" "n<ormac"%e $o%e &+ "4 mo(le ,r"&"l"t" 'a '%el+%+ $a$o 2"*a+&ta-"l" &ramotn" ,o$ol% o&am 4"l%a'a l%+'"/ $o%" &e ,o#eo 'o(a)at" ,re' n%"4o-"m o#"ma.SAD n" ta'a n" ,o&l"%e ne 'a%e &n"m$e ra*(o-ora $o%e "ma " $o%e -e3 'o$a*+%+ +m"%e0ano&t5eo(ra'a. A 'o2ro *na%+ 'a %e $oman'ant eneral0ta2a Vo%&$e + 5eo(ra'+ Mom#"loPer"0"3 *a -r"%eme o,erac"%a o$o Sre2ren"ce 2"o + re'o-"t+ $onta$t+ & Mla'"3em/ 'a %e"n<orm"rao M"lo0e-"3a o &"t+ac"%" " 'a %e ra*(o-arao & Mla'"3em *a -r"%eme "*-r0a-an%a*lo'%ela.

B Na%"*loen"%" &-%e'oc" $or"&te &e m%erama *a0t"te/ "me "m &e/ 'a$le/ ne &m"%e o2%a-"t". I,a$/ -"0eo' 'e&eta$ &-%e'o$a na ,o-%erl%"-"m ,o,"&"ma I7T8>a +2"%eno %e 0"rom 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Vel"$ 2ro%morao &e ,r"-remeno "l" tra%no "&el"t" " 'o2"o %e no-" "'ent"tet *a4-al%+%+3" ,omo3" tre3"4 *emal%a.

B



Ne$" &-%e'oc" $o%"ma &e ,r"%et"lo o'+&tal" &+ o' &-%e'o#en%a/ 'r+(" &+ ra'"%e ot$r"-al" "'ent"tet/

m"&le3" 'a 3e "4 ,+2l"c"tet *a0t"t"t"/ $ao '-o%"ca no-"nara "* 5eo(ra'a >De%an Ana&ta&"%e-"3 " Jo-anD+lo-"3. I $ona#no/ ne$" &+ ,o,+&t"l" ,r"t"&c"ma " o'2"l" ,ot-r'"t" o,t++%+3e &-%e'o#en%e na &+'&$o%ra&,ra-" " ta$o &e ,ret-or"l" + &-%e'o$e o2rane.

G 74arle& Lane " Tom S4an$er/ 5o&n"a= 4att4e 7I A '"'nttell +&/ T4eNe? 8or$ Re-"e? o<5oo$&/ . ma%a 1;. O-a% #lana$ -rlo rano ,reno&" ra&,ra-e +n+tar amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e/ a,o&e2no +n+tar 7IA>e o ,r"%eno&+ I7T8>+ "n<ormac"%a ,r"$+,l%en"4 o2a-%e0ta%n"m &re'&t-"ma.

B



M"lo0e-"3 %e $l%+# m"ra/ ona% $o%" 3e + no-em2r+ 1G. ,ot,"&at" De%ton&$" &,ora*+m

$o%"ma 3e *a-r0"t" tro",ol(o'"0n%" rat " et>n"#$o #"03en%e + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". N%e(o-o$om,rom"t"ran%e ,re'a%om 'o>$a*a o'-rat"lo 2" o' &-a$o( '"%alo(a/ &,r"%e#"lo 'a (a ,r"&"lena ,re(o-ore $o%" " &+ -e3 na -"'"$+. Za,a'n" -o'e -"0e -ole ,o$r"t" l"ce " ,re0+t%et"&-eto(r)e $o%e %e ,o#"n"o M"lo0e-"3/ ,ret-ara%+3" + r+(lo " + &-o%+ $or"&t +c%en+'",lomac"%e >m"r "l" ,ra-'a >'a 2" na&ta-"o *lo#"ne/ *na%+3" 'a 3e m+ &-e ,ro(le'at" $ro*,r&te *2o( %e'no( +(o-ora.

O'atle o,&tr+$t"-na ,ol"t"$a -el"$"4 &"la ,rema I7T8>+/ +nato# re*ol+c"%" V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"$o%a "4 o2a-e*+%e na ,+n+ &+ra'n%+ & ,ra-o&+)em. To na& na-o'" 'a -%er+%emo 'a %e,ra-a nam%era $ontrola ,r"&t+,a I7T8>a "&t"n" t+" &e + 'ecem2r+ 1. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r.N%e*"n+ 3e $r"t"$+ -"0e ,+ta ,ono-"t" 7arla 'el Ponte/ ,o&e2no ,r"l"$om ,roce&aM"lo0e-"3+. Al" ta'a %e $r"t"$a +,+3ena Franc+&$o% $o%a ,r-a name3e &"tn"#a-+,roce'+r+ $a$o 2" o'-rat"la t+"tel%&t-o o' "&,"t"-an%a n%e*"n"4 -o%n"$a + &l+2" + &na(ama

UN>a + 5o&n". Moramo o &-a$om ,"tan%+ ,o&e2no ,re(o-arat" & ,ra-n"c"maM"n"&tar&t-a o2rane/ t+" &e Lo+"&e Ar2o+r.; S-e 3e -la'e +&-o%"t" "&t+ ,ol"t"$+.S+#el%a-an%e Tr"2+nala/ nemo3no( 2e* ,o'r0$e 'ra-a/ " 'ra-a o'l+#n"4 'a *a're &-o%eta%ne/ na&ta-l%a &e "*a $+l"&a %o0 " 'ana&. Prot"- o-e ,ol"t"$e $o%a 'o-o'" + o,a&no&t &a-ra' Tr"2+nala ,ro&-%e'+%e + 'ecem2r+ 1. " ,re'&%e'n"ca I7T8>a/ Amer"$an$a a2r"elleK"r$ McDonal'. No I7T8 %e ,r-a ,ra$t"#na m%era + ,o&l%e'n%"4 ,e'e&et (o'"na ,rema&t-aran%+ &-"%eta + $o%em 3e l%+'&$a ,ra-a/ %e'na$o&t " ,ra-'a 2"t" -"0e ne(o r"%e#" na,a,"r+/ ,o'&%e3a ona $a$o 2" 2ol%e "&ta$n+la ne&$la' "*me)+ (o-ora " '%ela ,ol"t"#$"4-o'a. Po' "*l"$om 'a &+ &-" 'o$+ment" $o%" &+ "*'an" + -an%&$"m o,erac"%ama ,o-%erl%"-"/

-el"$e &"le mo(+ ,re0+3"-at" n%"4o-o ,o&to%an%e/ a &$"n+t" ta%no&t & ono(a 0to "mo'(o-ara/ o'no&no 0to "m ne &meta.

U &tra4+ 'a &e "&tra(e I7T8>a ne ,ret-ore + 'o-o)en%e + ,"tan%e -o%n"$a " '",lomata $o%e&e mora &a&l+0at" $ao &-%e'o$e one o(ran"#a-a%+ n%"4o-o &-%e'o#en%e. Ta$o/ $a' Ure't+"tel%"ce tra" 'o,+0ten%e -la&t" 'a "4 "&,"ta/ mora ,"tan%a ,o&ta-"t" ,"&meno. A$o n"&+'o-ol%no ,rec"*na/ %e'no&ta-no &e o'2ace. A $a' &+ "&cr,na/ 'etal%>no "4 ,re(le'a-a%+,ra-ne &l+2e m"n"&tar&ta-a $o%"4 &e to t"#e te "4 re+/ "*2ac+%+ " 2"ra%+ 'a 2" na $onc+o&tao &amo mal" '"o. No -la'e &e na%-"0e 2o%e ,rot+"&,"t"-an%a ,re'-")eno( ,o&t+,$omo,t+2e Tr"2+nala %er o-la03+%e &+,rotn+ &tran+ 'a (oto-o &-"m &re'&t-"ma '"&$re'"t"ra&-%e'o$a. I&,"t+%e (a &e o 'r+("m/ o&o2n"%"m/ a&,e$t"ma/ a ne o #"n%en"cama. Vla'e&tra4+%+ na ,om"&ao 'a n%"4o-o o&o2l%e moe 2"t" na-e'eno 'a + ,rot+"&,"t"-an%+ $r"t"*"raa,&+r'no&t &-o%"4 man'ata + o,erac"%ama o'ra-an%a m"ra/ "l" 'a ot$r"%e ta%ne &-o%em"&"%e. Pro#eln"ca Pra-o&+'no( o'%ela ,r" <ranc+&$om M"n"&tar&t-+ o2rane/ 7at4er"ne5er(eal/ +$a*+%e + 'ecem2r+ ::;. na o,a&no&t 'a &e o' &-%e'o$a ,o&tane o,t+en"$0to 2" o-a ,o&e2no&t an(lo&a$&on&$e ,roce'+re mo(la ola$0at". Na %e'nom &$+,+

G:



or(an"*"ranom + -o%no% 0$ol" + Par"*+/ ona o2%a0n%a-a= Ne tra" &e o' n%"4 'a "&,r"#a%+ 0to

&+ -"'%el"/ ne(o 'a $a+ 'a &mo o'2"l" '%elo-at" 'a &,r"%e#"mo ono 0to &mo -"'%el" "l" 'an"&mo -"'%el" ono 0to &mo tre2al" -"'%et". Vla'e/ 'a$le/ trae 'a &e 0to %e mo(+3e -"0e&man%" o,&e( &-%e'o#en%a $a$o 2" &e t"me &man%"o o,&e( ,rot+"&,"t"-an%a " *a4t"%e-a%+/$a$o na ,re&l+0a-an%+ ta$o " na ra&,ra-"/ na*o#no&t ,re'&ta-n"$a nac"onaln"4 -la&t"o-la0ten"4 'a *atrae ,o-la#en%e ne$o( ,"tan%a "l" 'a *a4t"%e-a%+ ,o&t+,a$ "*a *at-oren"4-rata. 5e* t"4 'ra&t"#n"4 m%era/ "&t"#+ on"/ n%"4o-a -o%&$a ne 2" -"0e mo(la "nter-en"rat" +-an%&$"m o,erac"%ama/ 0to 2" ,ol"t"#$e -la&t" l"0"lo n%"4o-e '%elatne &"le na me)+naro'no%,o*orn"c". Ra*lo( %e %e'no&ta-an= + ,ra-+ &e &matra 'a &-a$a o&o2a $o%a *na "l" %e&,o&o2na ,re'-"'%et" 'a 3e &e "*-r0"t" *lo#"n"/ mora "4 ,o$+0at" &,r"%e#"t"/ "na#e %e $r"-"#noo'(o-orna. A$o to ,ra-"lo -r"%e'" *a &-a$o( 4"%erar4"%&$" na're)eno( + -o%&$ama $o%e #"ne*lo#"ne/ ,r"m%en%+%e &e " na me)+naro'ne &na(e $o%e/ 'o'+0e/ nema%+ -la&t" na' lo$aln"m

"*-r0"tel%"ma "l" na' n%"4o-om -o%&$om/ al" #"%a "4 0+tn%a " ne'%elo-an%e #"ne &+'"on"c"ma +&m"&l+ $a*neno( ,ra-a. A to %e na%-e3" $amen &,ot"can%a + o'no&"ma "*me)+ -el"$"4 &"la "me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e. Zlo#"n" ,o#"n%en" + Sre2ren"c"/ *a0t"3eno% en$la-" UN>a/ "l" on""*-r0en" + R+an'" *a -r"%eme o,erac"%e T"r$"*/ n"&+ %e'"n" o' $o%"4 -la'e &tre,e. Stra4-el"$"4 &"la 'a 3e

; Le Mon'e/ 1B. 'ecem2ra 1.

Kra%em %+na 1B. <ranc+&$e &na(e ,o&lane + o,erac"%+ T"r$"* o'2"le &+ ,omo3" on"ma $o%" &+"*2%e(l" (enoc"'/ o$+,l%en"ma na 2re+l%c"ma 5"&e&ero/ na *a,a'+ R+an'e. Polo-"na n%"4/ t%. o$o4"l%a'+ T+t&"%a/ ,o$lano %e &l%e'e3"4 'ana.

G1



&e na3" na o,t+en"#$o% $l+," "*raen %e " *a -r"%eme NATO>o-"4 o,erac"%a na Ko&o-+.

Na'leno&t I7T8>a (eo(ra<&$" %e o(ran"#ena na 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+/ al" n"%e o(ran"#ena n" na %e'n+ &na(+ + &+$o2+. Atlant&$" &a-e* %e 'a$le ,o' n%e(o-om na'leno03+ + &l+#a%+ratn"4 *lo#"na. U&re' "nter-enc"%e &a-e*n"#$"4 &na(a/ 1. ma%a 1./ Jam"e S4ea/(la&no(o-orn"$ NATO>a/ &a-r0eno &a"ma m"&ao -el"$"4 &"la $a' $ae t"&$+= M"&l"m 'amoramo ra*l"$o-at" teor"%+ o' ,ra$&e. Ka' t+"tel%"ca Ar2o+r ot-ara "&tra(+ 6o *lo#"n"mana Ko&o-+ o,. a.9/ to #"n" *ato 0to &mo %o% to 'o,+&t"l". N"%e %o% M"lo0e-"3 'ao -"*+ 'a "'ena Ko&o-o "&tra"-at". A$o n%e*"n+ &+'+/ $ao 0to el"mo/ 2+'e 'o,+0ten ,r"&t+,/ 2"t 3e to*a4-al%+%+3" NATO>+. NATO %e 'a$le ,r"%atel% Tr"2+nala. Zeml%e #lan"ce NATO>&a-e*a &+ te$o%e &+ 'ale ,otre2na nanc"%&$a &re'&t-a *a ,o$retan%e to( &+'a. 5+'"te &"(+rn" 'a &mom" " Tr"2+nal %e'no te "&to/ el"mo 'a &e ratn"m *lo#"nc"ma &+'" " &"(+ran &am 'a 3eLo+"&e Ar2o+r/ $a' ot")e na Ko&o-o " ra*motr" #"n%en"ce/ o,t+"t" &amo o&o2e

%+(o&la-en&$e nac"onalno&t" " n"$o(a 'r+(o(.

Pr"%e ne(o 0to %e ot"0la &a &-o%"4 <+n$c"%a/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r %e ",a$ ot-or"la ,rel"m"narn+"&tra(+ nam"%en%en+ "&,"t"-an%+ al2" ,rot"- NATO>a/ ,ota$n+t"4 2om2ar'"ran%em $o%e %e,ro+*ro#"lo -el"$e c"-"lne rt-e. NATO o'(o-ara %a-n"m ,r"%etn%ama. I*a $+l"&a/ -el"$e &"le,o%a#a-a%+ ,r"t"&$e $o%" &-%e'o#e 'a o'2"%a%+ ,r"4-at"t" +n"-er*alno ,ra-no ,ra-"lo ,rema$o%em+ &+ o'(o-orne S+'+ + &l+#a%+ $r0en%a ene-&$"4 $on-enc"%a $a' -o%no"nter-en"ra%+. Ka+ 'a ne ra*+m"%+ $a$o &e moe &ta-"t" na "&t+ ra*"n+ ,ra-e'an rat "re,re&"-an rat & etn"#$"m #"03en%em. U %+n+ :::. 'one&en" &+ *a$l%+#c" + $o%"ma &e$ae 'a nema ,otre2e ot-arat" "&tra(+ %er NATO>o-e (re0$e n"&+ 2"le nam%erne.Pro&-%e'o-alo %e -"0e ne-la'"n"4 +'r+(a/ me'+ $o%"ma " Amne&t Internat"onal. Al"

Tr"2+nal n"%e tol"$o $r"- *2o( na*o#no&t" $ol"$o %e rt-a *2o( &-o%e nemo3" 'a 'o2"%e,omo3 'ra-a $a' one to o'2"%a%+. N" Sr2"%a/ $o%a %e ta$o &,remna o,t+"t" Atlant&$"&a-e* *a ratne *lo#"ne/ n" NATO ne 'a%+ S+'+ 'o$a*e 2e* $o%"4 I7T8 ne moe +t-r'"t"#"n%en"ce " '%elo-at". O-"&no&t I7T8>a o -el"$"m &"lama ne "*raa-a &e/ &+,rotno na%#e03emm"0l%en%+/ +*a%amn"m +&t+,c"ma. I7T8/ a ,o&e2no T+"tel%&t-o/ *na 'a 2" "*(+2"o &-a$"$re'"2"l"tet/ a o&o2"to 'a 2" rt-o-ao &-o%+ %e'"n+ &na(+/ $o%a ,o#"-a +,ra-o na n%e(o-o%neo-"&no&t". Me)+t"m/ nema na#"na 'a &e 2or" ,rot"- *a'ra-an%a "n<ormac"%a "l",r"$r"-an%a 'o$a*a $a' to #"ne -el"$e &"le/ %er &amo V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" "ma mo3 o&+'"t"o'2"%an%e 'ra-a 'a ,r+e ,omo3 I7T8>+. Ka' &e 7arla 'el Ponte nam%era-ala ,o*a2a-"t","tan%em na-o'n"4 ratn"4 *lo#"na NATO>a " $a' %e ,o&l"%e M"lo0e-"3e-a ,a'a ,o#ela,ot"cat" &r2"%an&$e -la&t" 'a %o% 'a%+ elemente $o%"ma ra&,ola+/ Atlant&$" &a-e* ,ono-o

,r"%et". NATO &e me)+t"m nema #e(a 2o%at"/ %er 5eo(ra' ,re'a%e Ha(+ &amo ne$ol"$o+ra'a$a $o%e ,ot,"&+%+ M"lo0e-"3e-e ,ro,a(an'ne &l+2e.

Pol"t"$a &e *a+&ta-l%a na -rat"ma &+'n"ce. Vel"$e &"le ,o0t+%+ to ,ra-"lo/ al" &matra%+ 'a "m

G



#"n%en"ca 0to ,oma+ t+"tel%+ 'a%e ,ra-o m"%e0a%t" &e + n%e(o-e "*2ore " o'l+$e ,r"%e

,roce&a. T+"tel%" $o%" &+ &e re'al" moral" &+ -"%+(at" + mor+ ,+nom mor&$"4 ,a&a. Lo+"&eAr2o+r " 7arla 'el Ponte 2ore &e *+2"ma " no$t"ma ,rot"- ,o$+0a%a 'ra-a 'a &e m"%e0a%++ n%"4o- ra'. Al" n"$a'a n"&+ "male &re'&ta-a 'a o&+%ete ,ol"t"#$e nam%ere $a' &+ &e"*raa-ale 'r+$#"%e ne(o ,re,or+$ama "l" +,o*oren%"ma. Me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e/ %o0man%e ne(o nac"onalno/ ne moe ta#no ,roc"%en"t" $ol"$o &+ na n%e(o- ra' +t%ecal",r"$r"-an%e 'o$a*a/ *a$+l"&ne ra'n%e/ &$r"-ene "nter-enc"%e -el"$"4 &"la/ %er ono to na%#e03en"%e n" *nalo. A +,ra-o + tome le" ,"tan%e ,r"&trano&t" me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a/ ,a'a$le " I7T8>a. R"%et$o %e to &ta-/ &lo2o'an "*2or/ a ne ,o&l%e'"ca ono(a 0to m+ &enam%erno ,r"$r"-a "l" o'2"%a. U to% nam%e0teno% "(r" o-"&no&t" " neo-"&no&t" + o'no&+ na'ra-e " n%"4o-e o'no&e &na(a/ I7T8 %e "*-r(n+t te0$om "&,"t+.

N" nemo3na n" &-emo3na/ me)+naro'na ,ra-'a n"%e ,re&tala na,re'o-at" n" na #"%o%*eml%" ne *na%+3" o'a$le 3e 'o3" &l%e'e3" ,+can% n" & $o%e &+ %o% &trane l"n"%e &a-e*n"c".Zato tre2a +ron"t" + $+l"&e I7T8>a/ &"3" + +tro2+ *-"%er" 'a &e -"'" $a$a- %e otro- ,o$+0a-a,aral"*"rat" " +n"0t"t".

G!



II. POGLAVLJE

Iza kulisa pro"esa lobodanu #iloševiću

Pre'met IT>:>GB= t+"tel% ,rot"- Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a. U &r"%e'+ !. %+la ::1. 2r"tan&$"&+'ac R"c4ar' Ma/ $o%" ,re'&%e'a -"%e3+ &a&ta-l%enom o' tr" &+ca/ ot-ara ra&,ra-+.Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 &%e'a na o,t+en"#$+ $l+,+. Ula*e3" + ta% &ter"ln" &-"%et -"&o$ete4n"$e/ ne$ol"$o tren+ta$a ,r"%e "n&t"n$t"-no &e +,+t"o ,rema &re'"0t+ ,o*orn"ce ('%eo2"#no &%e'e &-%e'oc". Tro%"ca &tra>ara $o%" (a ,rate o'ma4 m+ ,o$a*+%+ &tolac/ +l"%e-om $ra%+ '-orane/ ona% nam"%en%en o&+mn%"#en"ma *a "*-r0en%e "l" ,ot"can%e *lo#"na$o%" &-o%om te"nom " ma&o-no03+ ,ot,a'a%+ ,o' 4+man"tarno me)+naro'no ,ra-o.

M"lo0e-"3 n"%e ,o*-an 'a ,re'&%e'a na (o-orn"c"/ $a$o %e na-"$ao/ ne(o 'a o'(o-ara *a&-o%a '%ela. Pr-" ,+t + ,o-"%e&t" %e'nom &e 2"-0em 0e<+ 'ra-e ,re' me)+naro'n"m&+'om &+'" *a n%e(o-+ *lo#"na#$+ ,ol"t"$+. Za &,one $o%e ,o-e*+%+ -la'ar&$+ ,ala#+ ",ol%a &mrt".

Stot"ne tele-"*"%&$"4 $amera 'o0le &+ *a2"l%e"t" ta% ,o-"%e&n" tren+ta$. Ne nala*e+n"0teno( #o-%e$a $o%e(a %e &+&t"(la n%e(o-a na%crn%a ,ro0lo&t. Ta% #o-%e$ ne ,o$a*+%e n"na%man%" *na$ &$romno&t". Pono&no no&" $ra-at+ + 2o%ama Sr2"%e " %o0 +-"%e$ "ma (or'o'ran%e 0e<a 'ra-e >o4olo( " 2a4ato(. U #et-rta$ 1. %+la ::B. Sa'am H+&e"n *a+*"ma"&t" &ta- + ,r-om ,o%a-l%"-an%+ ,re' "ra#$"m &+'om. D"$tator" $ao 'a &e ne 2o%e&+o#a-an%a & ,ra-'om. O'2"%a%+ %e/ "&t"#+ ne,r"*na-an%e $ao %e'"n+ "&t"n+. S+'ac R"c4ar'

Ma o$re3e &e o,t+enome= o&,o'"ne M"lo0e-"3/ -"'"m 'a 'ana& nemate o'-%etn"$a. To %e -a0 "*2or. Imate ,ra-o 2ran"t" &e &am"/ al" ra*m"&l"te= %e l" to *2"l%a + -a0em "ntere&+Po&t+,a$ 3e 2"t" '+( " &loen ... Mo'a 2"&te mo(l" ,ono-o ra*motr"t" &-o%+ o'l+$+. Tre2al" -am -"0e -remena 'a o'l+#"te M"lo0e-"3 o'(o-ara na en(le&$ome= Smatram 'a %eo-a% &+' lan" &+'/ 'a %e o-a o,t+n"ca lana o,t+n"ca. O-a% %e &+' ne*a$on"t/ n"%e (a+&tano-"la O,3a &$+,0t"na U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a. Prema tome nemam n"$a$-e ,otre2e 'ao're'"m o'-%etn"$a ,re' tom ne*a$on"tom "n&tancom. M"lo0e-"3 &e o'2"%a o#"to-at" o$r"-n%"/ 'rae m+ %e o,t+"-at" na,a'e NATO>&na(a. U,+0ta &e + e&to$" na,a' na ta%to2on%" &+'. I&$l%+#+%+ m+ m"$ro<on. 5r"tan&$" &+'ac ne tra" #"tan%e o,t+n"ce. +r"m+ &e " ta$o ,ro,+0ta o'at" ,o#a&t rt-ama " ,re$"'a ra&,ra-+. M"lo0e-"3 *a'o-ol%no(le'a &at. Ra&,ra-a %e tra%ala &amo '-anae&t m"n+ta. Na ,o-rat$+ + ,r"t-or ra&,"t+%e &e

o e<e$t+ &-o%e ,re'&ta-e. T"m+ Mac Fa''en+/ $o%" +,ra-l%a *at-orom/ $ae= Do2roo'"(rano/ *ar ne

Pr" 'ola&$+ + Ha( Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 o$r"-l%en %e &amo *a *lo#"ne na Ko&o-+. T+"tel%&t-o

GB



%e + -remen&$om t%e&nac+. O' ,a'a M"lo0e-"3a + o$to2r+ :::. 7arla 'el Ponte ,o&ta-"la

%e c"%el" t"m 'a ra'" ,+no ra'no -r"%eme na tom &l+#a%+/ &a *a'at$om 'a ,r"%e l%eta *a-r0""&tra(+ o Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n".

Al" $ra%em marta/ $a' %e &-r(n+t" -o'a +4"3en + 5eo(ra'+/ t"m %e %o0 'ale$o o' c"l%a. N"%e-"0e +,"tna &l+tn%a ne(o '%elo-an%e. M"lo0e-"3 3e &t"3" ,r"%e $ra>%a (o'"ne. Da%em -am-remena 'o 1. o$to2ra 'a na,"0ete o,t+n"c+. Nacrt mora 2"t" na mo%em &tol+ na%$a&n"%e,o#et$om &e,tem2ra. U me)+-remen+ 3emo "mat" re'o-"te &a&tan$e 'a/ +* elemente'o$a*a/ +t-r'"mo &trate("%+ ,ro(ona. N"%e -r"%eme 'a $renete na o'mor 7arla 'elPonte ,o$+0a-a na'o$na'"t" "*(+2l%eno -r"%eme. Da ,o'r" te na,ore/ ona %e'nom,ra-n"$+ ,o#et$om a,r"la ,o-%era-a *a'a3+ 'a -o'" t"m "&tra"tel%a " tra" o' n%e(a 'a,o%a#a re'o-e e$",e $o%a ra'" na &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3. P+na ,o-%eren%a/ ,o-%era-a ta'a

t"&$+= Ka' &t"(ne M"lo0e-"3/ ,rot"- n%e(a 3emo/ 2e* &+mn%e/ "mat" ne &amo% o,t+n"c+$o%a 3e o2+4-a3at" &amo ne'%ela na Ko&o-+/ *2o( $o%"4 %e +4"3en/ ne(o " #"n%en"ce $o%"ma(a nam%era-amo teret"t" *a n%e(o-o '%elo-an%e + Hr>-at&$o% " 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n".

To o#"to $a0n%en%e ,ro(ona "*a*"-a ne$e $r"t"$e. 74er"< 5a&&"o+n"/ &la-n" ,ro<e&orme)+naro'no( ,ra-a/ $o%" %e ,re'&%e'ao I&tranom $om"&"%om U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a o$r0en%"ma 4+man"tarno( me)+naro'no( ,ra-a + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%"/ &t-orenom 1.6Re*ol+c"%a : V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"9/ t+" &e *2o( to(a. Na%,r"%e + 2o&an&$om t"&$+ $ra%emma%a ::1. *at"m + ,"&m+ 7arl" 'el Ponte ;. %+na ::1. A$o &te o'l+#"l" &te(n+t"$a*nen+ &trate("%+ o$o na%o'>(o-orn"%"4/ M"lo0e-"3 %e morao 2"t" o,t+en *a *lo#"ne,o#"n%ene + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n"/ o&"m a$o te o,t+2e -e3 ne ,o&to%e/ al" %o0 n"&+ o2%a-l%ene.No a$o ne ,o&to%e/ moramo &e +,"tat" o ra*lo*"ma. Mno(" &+mn%a%+ + ,ol"t"#$+ tr(o-">n+

$o%a %e -%ero-atno -e*ana +* De%ton&$" &,ora*+m. Al" +-"%e$ &am "&t"cao 'a ne,o&to%an%eo,t+n"ce ne o'l+#+%e +na,r"%e' o 2+'+3no&t"/ " 'a %e ta%m"n( ,o'loan ,ol"t"#$"m,ro&+'2ama $o%e &e moe +*et" + o2*"r + "ntere&+ ,ra-'e " m"ra 6...9 I,a$ &am +-%eren 'a,o&to%" 'o-ol%no 'o$a*a 'a 2" &e M"lo0e-"3a $a*neno ,ro(on"lo *a *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene"*me)+ 11. " 1G. + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n"/ + "me o'(o-orno&t" $ao 4"%erar4"%&$"na're)eno(a. Znam 'a ta$a- ,r"&t+,/ *2o( ra*l"#"t"4 ra*lo(a/ "*a*"-a ot,ore + -a0emUre'+. I&t"na %e 'a to n"%e %e'no&ta-no 'o$a*at"/ al" ,o&to%e 2e* "$a$-e &+mn%e e,"*o'e/$ao 0to %e o,&a'a Sara%e-a/ $o%e o,ra-'a-a%+ 0to &e o&lan%amo na na#elo o'(o-orno&t"4"%erar4"%&$" na're)en"4 'a 2"&mo o,t+"l" na%-"0e *a,o-%e'n"$e. Al" $ol"$o *nam/ to n"%e+#"n%eno ,o&l%e'n%"4 (o'"na 6...9 Znam 'a *a'ata$ t+"tel%a n"%e la$ " 'a na"la*" na&-a$o%a$e ,ote0$o3e= 2"ro$rat&$e/ nanc"%&$e/ ,ol"t"#$e. Nara-no/ la$o %e $r"t"*"rat" "*-ana.I,a$/ $r"t"$a n"%e +-"%e$ *a *lo/ ona moe 2"t" $or"&na $a' n+'" t+"tel%+ mo(+3no&t 'a,o$ae 'a %a-no mn"%en%e o#e$+%e mno(o -"0e.

GG



Amer"#$o>e(",at&$" &tr+#n%a$ "ma &-e ra*lo(e *a 2r"(+. U a,r"l+ 1B. n%e(o-a %e "&trana

$om"&"%a ra&,+0tena +,ra-o $a' %e 2"o 2l"*+ 'a/ ,omo3+ 'o$+menata/ +t-r'" (la-ne -e*e"*me)+ M"lo0e-"3a " *lo#"na $o%e &+ ,o#"n"l" n%e(o-" ,o+*'an"c" + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". D-"%e (o'"ne ,o&l"%e/ $a' %e -e3 *a-r0"o rat " $a' %e ter"tor"% 'o&t+,an"&tra"tel%"ma/ M"lo0e-"3 %o0 +-"%e$ n"%e na n"0an+ I7T8>a. Amer"$anac R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e/ar4"te$t m"ro-n"4 +(o-ora + Daton+/ (oto-o ot-oreno "*raa-a *a'o-ol%&t-o 1G.<e2r+ara 1;. + F"nanc"al F"me&+. O&+mn%"#en"$ 2ro% 1/ $o%e( %e *a,a'n%a#$a '",lomac"%a,roma$n+la + #o-%e$a m"ra/ o#"to &e na(o'"o 'a 'o2"%e &lo2o'+ + *am%en+ *a m"r. Te$ +,rol%e3e 1./ & o,t+2om ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a *a Ko&o-o/ #"n" &e 'a %e 'o-e'en + ,"tan%e,re0+tn" 'o(o-or. Za 74er"<a 5a&&"o+n"a n"%e me)+t"m "&$l%+#eno 'a 3e *a,a'n%ac",o$+0a-at" o'-rat"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte o' ,ro(ona M"lo0e-"3a *a ,r"%a0n%e *lo#"ne. On &ena'a 'a 3e %o% ,o'r0$a %a-no( mn"%en%a/ %e'an o' motora ,ra-'e/ ,omo3" 'a &e "*ma$ne

mo(+3"m ,ol"t"#$"m ,r"t"&c"ma.

No ::1. (. n"t$o &e ne +&+)+%e n" &+(er"rat" t+"tel%+ I7T8>a 'a o'+&tane "l" o'(o'"no-+ o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a. O,t+"t" M"lo0e-"3a *a Ko&o-o/ a ne +#"n"t" n"0ta *a&tot"ne 4"l%a'a 2o0n%a#$"4 " 4r-at&$"4 rta-a/ 2"lo 2" %e'no&ta-no neo2ran%"-o. Zato 0to %e2"la -rlo ,ol"t"#$a/ ta 2" o'l+$a no&"la o,a&no&t 'a ,ota$ne o,t+2e *a &+$r"-n%+/ $o%e %e

%a-no mn"%en%e +,+3"-alo *a,a'n"m -o'ama/ a &m"r"la (a %e/ ,o&l"%e (o'"na &+&te*an%a/"nter-enc"%a NA>TO>&na(a na Ko&o-+. U ma%+ 1. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,o2"%e'"la %e + tomna'metan%+ " ot-or"la ,roce& *a $o%" *na%+ 'a %e ne,o-ratan. 7arla 'el Ponte n"%e mo(lan"0ta 'r+(o ne(o na&ta-"t" "&tra(+. Na(lo o&+%et"t" m"&"%+ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a/ $o%e

%e +,ra-o ,o&t"(lo (olem +&,%e4 ,re'a%+3" 2"-0e( 0e<a 'ra-e &+c"ma/ 2"lo %e ,re-"0e

r"*"#no. Vel"$e &+ &"le ,r"&tale/ +nato# '+2o$"m ne&la(an%"ma.

-ar&a %e& Ponte protiv iner,ije tu0ite&jstva

C"m %e &t"(la + Ha( + &e,tem2r+ 1./ 7arla 'el Ponte tra" o' &-o%e( +re'a 'a na&ta-""&tra(+ o +,leteno&t" M"lo0e-"3a + *lo#"ne na Ko&o-+ $o%" &+ +*ro$o-al" &mrt o$o 'e&et4"l%a'a Al2anaca. Ona el" ,o%a#at" o,t+n"c+ $o%+ %e + +r2" ,ot,"&ala Lo+"&e Ar2o+r. O',o-la#en%a M"lo0e-"3e-"4 &na(a & Ko&o-a/ &re'"nom %+na/ "&tra"tel%" I7T8>a "ma%+&lo2o'an ,r"&t+, ter"tor"%+ $o%" %e &a'a ,o' na'*orom NATO>&na(a. E$&4+mac"%e $o%e &+

,o#ele t"%e$om l%eta 'on"%et 3e %o0 -"0e 'o$a*a + tom ,re'met+. -"car$a %e +-%erena 'an%e*"n" "&tra"tel%" +&,ore'no ra'e na +t-r)"-an%+ -e*a "*me)+ M"lo0e-"3a " *lo#"na"*-r0en"4 + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%. N%e*"n ,omo3n"$/ A+&tralac ra4am 5le?"tt/ +m"r+%e %e/ al"o&ta%e neo're)en $a' %e r"%e# o na,re'o-an%+

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I*-%e0ta% o' #et"r" 4"l%a'e &tran"ca $o%" %e ,ro"*a0ao "* to(a re$on&tr+"ra anatom"%+ etn"#$o(

#"03en%a. 5"t 3e ,re'an *a%e'no & 'o$+ment"ma " ,r",a'a%+3"m a$t"ma t+"tel%&t-+ + Ha(+ ",o&l+"t 3e $ao ,ola*na ta#$a *a "&tra(e I7T8>a. 74er"< 5a&&"o+n" 2"o %e ,re'-")en + a+(+&t+ 1!.*a ,r-o( t+"tel%a I7T8>a/ al" n"%e 'o2"o %e'no'+0n" ,r"&tana$ V"%e3a &"(+rno&t". Ta$o %e (o'"n+ 'ana,o&l"%e/ + %+l+ 1B. "meno-an R"c4ar' ol'&tone.

G



"&tra"-an%a. Pr"*na%e 'a m+ to n"%e ,r"or"tet. Smatra 'a Ure' nema n" -remena n"

'o-ol%no "&tra"tel%a 'a 2" &e ,o&-et"o ,re'met+ #"%" (la-n" o&+mn%"#en"$ n"$a' ne3e 2"t",re'an. Pr"%e &-e(a ne -%er+%e + ne$+ -el"$+ M"lo0e-"3e-+ +lo(+ + ,o'+*"man%+ etn"#$o(#"03en%a $o%e &+ &r,&$" e$&trem"&t" -o'"l" + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n". I +-%ereno o2%a0n%a-a no-omo$r+en%+ 7arle 'el Ponte= Ne tre2a m"%e0at" 2o&an&$e Sr2e & on"ma + Hr-at&$o% "l" Sr2"%"/to n"%e "&to/ ,r",a'a%+ ra*l"#"t"m 'ra-ama/ 2e* me)+&o2ne -e*e. Do'+0e/ #lano-"n%e(o-a +re'a " &+'aca I7>T8>a -e3 &+ o'a-no 'o-el" + ,"tan%e +-%eren%a o-o( A+&tralca.U &l+#a%+ D+0$a Ta'"3a/ m+#"tel%a "* lo(ora + Pr"%e'or+/ &+c" &+ 1./ a on'a " +,r"*"-nom ,o&t+,$+ 1G. %+la 1./ *a$l%+#"l" 'a %e -o%&$a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 2"la ,o' o,3"m*a,o-%e'n"0t-om 5eo(ra'a. A+&tralac %e ",a$ o'l+#"o 'a Ra'o-an Kara'"3" Rat$oMla'"3/ o,t+en" 1G. *a (enoc"' " *lo#"n ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t"/ n"&+ o-"&n" n" o $ome " 'a&+ &am" mo(l" $ontrol"rat" tr+,e ,o' &-o%"m *a,o-%e'n"0t-om *a -r"%eme *lo#"na

,o#"n%en"4 + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". On &matra 2e&$or"&n"m tra"t" 'r+('%e ,ot"catel%e te*lo#"na#$e ,ol"t"$e %er &+ on" &am" n%e*"n" *a#etn"c". U n%e(o-"m o#"ma/ t+"tel%&t-o %e"&,+n"lo *a'ata$ o,t++%+3" -o'e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ a &a'a m+ ,reo&ta%e &amo ,o&t"3" 'a "4+4"te NATO>&na(e + 5o&n" $a$o 2" "m &e mo(lo &+'"t". Ka'a %e r"%e# o Hr-at&$o%/ 5le?"ttne -"'" $a$o &e M"lo0e-"3+ mo(+ ,r","&at" *lo#"n" $o%e &+ + V+$o-ar+ "l" D+2ro-n"$+,o#"n"le JNA " ,ara-o%ne &r,&$e %e'"n"ce $o%"ma on n"%e *a,o-"%e'ao. Za2ora-l%a 'a %eM"lo0e-"3 ,reo2rat"o JNA + &r,&$+ -o%&$+ " naor+ao &r,&$e ,ara-o%ne &na(e + Hr-at&$o%te "m na #elo ,o&ta-"o &-o%e l%+'e.

ra4am 5le--"tt/ $o%" %e ,r-" &t"(ao + T+"tel%&t-o + %an+ar+ 1B./ ,o ,r"ro'" n"%e 2or2en.On o$ol"0a/ "*2%e(a-a +'arce/ "*m"#e 'a 2" 2ol%e "*'+2"o &-o%e (n"%e*'o. Vol" $a' &e $ae

'a %e T+"tel%&t-o n%e(o-a &t-ar. 5e* n%e(a ne 2" ,o&to%alo. To %e '"%elom "&t"n"to. Me)+t"m/&"tn"#a- $a$a- %e&t/ +&tro%"o (a %e $ao ,ro-"nc"%&$o t+"tel%&t-o + $o%em+ %e ,o're)eno&to2a-e*na/ a na,re'o-an%e %e ra*m%erno &t+,n%+ -%erno&t"/ a ne $om,etenc"%" "l" +,orno&t".O'%el "&tra(e/ ,ra-n"$a/ anal"t"#ara/ &-e %e ,o'"%el%eno 'o $ra%n%e m%ere/ ta$o 'a &eonemo(+3+%e +-"' + c%el"n+. O' ,o#et$a ra'a T+"tel%&t-a/ on el" ,o' &-o%om -la03+*a'rat" $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+. D"re$t"-e &+ m+ nal"$ n%e(o-o% *"onom"%"/ &-e %e *ao2l%eno.Vano %e n"0ta ne ,oremet"t" " &l"%e'"t" ,r"ro'n" re' &t-ar". Re*+ltat= "&tra(e &+ &e na%,r"%eo'no&"le na *lo#"ne " ne,o&re'ne "*-r0"tel%e/ 0to %e ne"*2%ean $ora$/ nara-no/ al" &e(o'"nama n"%e -o'"la 2r"(a o me)+&o2no% ,o-e*ano&t" t"4 *lo#"na " ,o na#"n+ "*-o)en%a/ ",o ,ona-l%an%"ma/ " ,o nam%er"/ " ,o *a%e'n"#$om lanc+ *a,o-"%e'an%a/ $a$o 2" &e 'o0lo 'o-r4a. Za'a3a &+'&t-a mo(la 2" *a-r0"t" 'o&e*an%em on"4 na -r4+ -la&t"/ al" &e t"me ne

*a'o-ol%a-a. Sa&to%" &e " o' $a*neno( ,ro(ona "*-r0"tel%a " ,o&re'n"$a $o%" &+ omo(+3"l"(o&,o'ar+ 'a "* ,ala#e o&t-ar" &-o%e mra#ne ,lano-e/ ne mora%+3" +2"%at" -la&t"t"mr+$ama. I*(ra'n%a ,ra-no( ,re'meta *a4t"%e-a re$on&tr+$c"%+ lanca 'o(a)an%a "*a,o-"%e'an%a 'a 2" &e 'o4-at"l" ,ra-" ,ot"catel%" $o%" &+ o2"#no 'o2ro ,a*"l" 'a ne o&ta-e

G



$om,rom"t"ra%+3e ,"&ane *a,o-"%e'". U tom ,o(le'+ ,roce&" n""m ra*"nama n+n" &+

$a$o 2" ,ra-'" omo(+3"l" 'a &e o$rene ,rot"- n%"ma na're)en"4. Al" T+"tel%&t-o + Ha(+o&talo %e ,re'+(o *a(l"2l%eno + &trate("%+ ,r-"4 re'o-a " ,o$a*alo &e ne&,o&o2n"m 'a na-r"%eme ,r"%e)e + -e3+ 2r*"n+. Jer me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e '+no %e ,r"%e &-e(a,r",rem"t" $a*nen" ,ro(on na%"&ta$n+t"%"4 (+ra me'+ +2o%"cama *a'+en"m *a"*-r0a-an%e na%,rl%a-"%"4 ,o&lo-a/ n%"4o-"m na're)en"ma " ,ot"catel%"ma. Pro(on &-"4m+#"tel%a tra%ao 2" 'e&etl%e3"ma/ tol"$o &+ 2"l" 2ro%n" on" $o%" &+ &+'%elo-al" + t"mma&o-n"m *lo#"n"ma. Al" ra4am 5le--"tt "ma "&$+&t-o + ,ra-o&+)+ $o%e "ma -remena "nema nam%er+ m"%en%at" na-"$e na o-o% "n&tanc" $o%a %e ",a$ ,r"-remena. O,t+n"ca ,rot"-Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a 1G. ,oremet"la %e to$ n%e(o-e '+(e/ m"rne r"%e$e. To m+ neo'(o-ara= t+ &+ o,t+n"c+ "0#+,al" $l"%e0t"ma &+c" $o%e %e ta'a &a2lan%a-ala t+"tel%e-a"nertno&t. Kao 0to %e " o,t+n"ca ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/ "n"c"%at"-a Lo+"&e Ar2o+r/ 2"la "*ra-an

o'(o-or na -al na&"l%a $o%" &e ta'a &r+#"o na Ko&o-o. Ka' %e Kana)an$a ot"0la/ 5le?"tt,ono-o +&,o&ta-l%a +&tal%en" re'. N" #a&a ne -%er+%e 'a 3e M"lo0e-"3 %e'no( 'ana 2"t",re'an Ha(+ " &matra ne,otre2n"m 'a m+ &e ,o&-et" " na%man%" na,or.

7arl" 'el Ponte tre2alo %e -"0e m%e&ec" 'a ,roc"%en" $ol"$" %e nemar n%e*"na *am%en"$a/+nato# +,o*oren%"ma Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,r" ,re'a%" '+no&t". Ka' %e M"lo0e-"3 + o$to2r+ :::.,ao/ ona ot$r"-a 'a &e n%e*"ne +,+te "* ,ret4o'ne (o'"ne n"&+ &l"%e'"le. Do'atna "&tra(a,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a na Ko&o-+ %o0 %e na mrt-o% ta#$". 5le?"tt &e o,"re " na-o'" "&te ra*lo(e=Nema n" -remena n" o&o2l%a/ na tome 3emo ra'"t" ,o&l"%e/ a$o M"lo0e-"3 %e'no( 'ana2+'e "*r+#en. 7arla 'el Ponte &+,rot&ta-l%a &e n%e(o-+ ote*an%+. U,"&+%e M"lo0e-"3ame'+ ,r"or"tete t+"tel%&t-a " &a&ta-l%a t"m $o%" %e + ,+nom ra'nom -remen+ *a'+en *a

ta% ,re'met. I*me)+ 7arle 'el Ponte " a+&tral&$o( t"ma + n%e*"n+ +re'+ 'ola*" 'o &-a)e.M"lo0e-"3 %e + &re'"0t+ &,ora.

G



Po#et$om ::1. t+"tel%"ca ,o*"-a ra4ama 5le?"tta " -o'"tel%a O'%ela *a "&tra(e/ Jo4na

Ral&tona/ a+&tral&$o( ,ol"ca%ca -rlo &$romn"4 &,o&o2no&t"/ $o%e(a %e 5le?"tt ,o&ta-"o nato o'(o-orno m%e&to. el" -"'%et" 'o$a*e $o%" &+ 'o&a' &$+,l%en" o '"%el+ "&tra(e $o%" &eo'no&" na Hr-at&$+ " 5o&n+. ra4am 5le--"tt ,o$a*ao %o% %e ta'a re' re("&tratora/,o&ta-l%en na ,ol"c+. D-a'e&eta$ re("&tratora + $o%"ma &+ 2e* re'a na2acane "n<ormac"%e$o%e +,+3+%+ na +,le>teno&t &na(a "* Sr2"%e + *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene na 'r+(o% &tran" (ran"ce.Sm%e0tene + %e'nom $+t+/ n"$a'a n"&+ 2"le anal"*"rane. 7arla 'el Ponte ot$r"-a 'a %en%e*"n +re' na,ra-"o ta#n+ $arto(ra%+ *lo#"na ,o#"n%en"4 + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ 'a %e-e3 o' ,r-o( &l+#a%a/ o' D+0$a Ta'"3a/ "'ent"c"rao '"o -e*a "*me)+ -o%&$e "* 5eo(ra'a "-o%&$e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ al" 'a n"$a'a/ +nato# nare'2ama Lo+"&e Ar2o+r/ a *at"mn%e*"n"ma/ n"%e ,o$+0ao ,o3" +*la*no ,o *a,o-%e'nom lanc+ n" ,ro-%er"t" -o'" l" on 'o-o%n"4 " ,ol"t"#$"4 -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+. Do ta'a <ormalno n"%e ot-orena n"$a$-a "&tra(a

,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a n" 2"lo $o%e( 'r+(o( '+no&n"$a "* 5eo(ra'a.

U-%eren 'a M"lo0e-"3 n"$a'a ne3e 2"t" "*r+#en I7T8>+/ ra4am 5le?"tt *a'o-ol%"o &e t"me0to %e &a-%eto-ao ra*l"#"t"m t"mo-"ma T+"tel%&t-a 'a &ta -e ,o &tran" 'o$a*e na $o%e&l+#a%no na")+ ,r" "&tra(ama " *a $o%e "m &e #"n 'a mo(+ %e'no( 'ana ,o&l+"t" 'a,o,+ne "&tran" 'o&%e. U ne'o&tat$+ %a&n"4 +,+ta malo &e t"mo-a ,otr+'"lo "*-r0"t" ta%*a'ata$. M"lo0e-"3 n"%e "*n"m$a Hr-at&$e -la&t"/ ,o' -o'&t-om Fran%e T+)mana/ $ao "M"lo0e-"3/ ta$o)er &+ &e 'ale na $oma'an%e 5o&ne etn"#$"m #"03en%em ter"tor"%a $o%e &+,r"el%$"-ale. A$o 5le?"tt ne &matra +,+tn"m -o'"t" "&tra(+ o &r,&$"m 4+0$a#"ma +5eo(ra'+/ lo("#no %e 'a &e ne *an"ma n" *a 4+0$a#e + Za(re2+. 7arla 'el Ponte el"&-e&t" $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+ na na%o'(o-orn"%e &a &-"4 &trana " *a ,o#eta$ %e *atra"la 'a &e *a

m%e&ec %+l" ,r",rem" o,t+n"ca ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a + ,re'met+ o Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". ra4am 5le--"tt &e ,o$ora-a. Jo4n Ral&ton o'l+#+%e ot"3".

7arla 'el Ponte mora m+ na3" *am%en"$a &,o&o2no( ,ro-e&t" n%e*"n+ $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+ ",o,+n"t" ,ro,+&te '-a%+ A+&tralaca. Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a " SAD +re 0to ,r"%e 'o*nat" n%e*"nenam%ere. U2r*o o2%a-l%+%+ 'a ele -"'%et" %e'no( An(lo&a$&onca na tom ,oloa%+. Al"o$l"%e-a%+ "*-r0"t" "*ra-ne ,r"t"&$e na -"car$+. Na%,r"%e &e o2ra3a%+ '",lomat&$om&a-%etn"$+/ ene-l%an"n+ Jean>Ja>c+e&+ Jor"&+ " &+(er"ra%+ "meno-an%e Ro2erta Re"'a/ %o0

%e'no( a+&tral&$o( ,ol"ca%ca 2e* 0"r"ne/ 'ota'a0n%e( Ral&tono-a ,omo3n"$a. U mart+::1. Jor">&a ,o*"-a%+ + -ele,o&lan&t-o SAD>a + Ha(+. O're)en" %e 2ro% *emal%a"&$l%+#en/ $a+ on". Del Ponte ne ,om"0l%a n" na ne$o( R+&a/ n" na K"ne*a/ o'(o-ara

Jor"& & ,re,re'en"m o&m"%e4om. Moramo "mat" ,ot,+no ,o-%eren%e + t+ o&o2+. Imamo'o2ro m"0l%en%e o 5o2+ Re"'+. Al" #"n" &e 'a -" ne ra*+m"%ete 'a to mora 2"t" 5r"tanac/Kana)an"n/ No-o*elan)an"n/ A+&tralac "l" Amer"$anac/ o'2r+&e m+.

Amer"$anc" 2e* &+mn%e *na%+ 'a %e ,re'-")en" $an'"'at Franc+*/ " $ tom+ %o0 "&tran"

;:



&+'ac. On" 4o3e #lana 7ommon?ealt4a/ ,o(o'n"%e( 'a 2ran" n%"4o-e ,o&e2ne "ntere&e "

,r"4-at" ne$e &"tne na(o'2e. Ka$o 2" &e +-%er"o 'a 3e ,or+$a 2"t" ,r"ml%ena/ ,r-" ta%n"$amer"#$o( -ele,o&lan&t-a o'la*" 7arl" 'el Ponte= La$0e nam %e ot$r"-at" o&%etl%"-e"n<ormac"%e (ra)an"n+ Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e/ SAD>a/ No-o( Zelan'a/ A+&tral"%e "l" Kana'e. 5"lo2" nam -rlo $or"&no ,ro-%er"t" ,o,"& $an'"'ata $a$o 2"&mo &e +-%er"l" 'a nam n" %e'no "men"%e ,ro2lemat"#no. Pr"t"&c" &e na&ta-l%a%+ %o0 '-a m%e&eca. U*al+'. Patr"c$ Lo,e*>Terre&/<ranc+&$" ma("&trat $o%" %e 'o0ao + I7T8 1;. $ona#no %e "meno-an na #elo t"ma"&tra"tel%a + ma%+ ::1. 5"t 3e ,r-" " %e'"n" Franc+* + U,ra-" Ha0$o( t+"tel%&t-a. T"m $o%"ra'" na M"lo0e-"3e-+ &l+#a%+ ,o%a#an %e " ra'"t 3e &e'am 'ana t%e'no 'a na'o$na'""*(+2l%eno -r"%eme. U ,rora#+n+ *a ::1. 5le?"tt n"%e ,re'-"'"o t"m *a &l+#a% M"lo0e-"3/

%o0 man%e *a ,r",reme ,roce&a. U ,an"c" $ra%em %+la $or"&t" o'la*a$ &-o%"4 na're)en"4 nao'more 'a 2"/ 2e* n%"4o-a *nan%a/ tra"o -an%&$e &,on*ore *a nanc"ran%e ,roce&a.

N%e(o- ,ro%e$t ,r"l%e-a &re'&ta-a/ na -r"%eme

29 S+)en%e na ,r-o% "n&tanc" "* 1. + &l+#a%+ D+0$a Ta'"3a "&t"#e X*a%e'n"#$e &trate0$ec"l%e-eW '-"%+ -o%&$". Dr+(o&t+,an%&$o &+)en%e 1. ,o$a*+%e 'a &e X$ontrola $o%+ %e-r0"la -o%&$a "* 5eo(ra'a na' &r,&$"m &na(ama + 5o&n" n"%e o(ran"#a-ala na nanc"%&$+ "lo("&t"#$+ ,ot,or+/ ne(o &e o(le'ala + &+'%elo-an%+ + o,3o% <orm+lac"%" nare'2"/ +$oor'"nac"%" " na'(le'an%+ '%elo-an%a " o,erac"%a &r,&$e -o%&$e + 5o&n"W. V"'"???.+n.or(@"ct.

;1





*a+&ta-l%en/ 2"o %e +,+3en Amer"$anc"ma/ En(le*"ma/ al" " 5o0n%ac"ma. O-" ,o&l%e'n%" 2"l"

2" ,o*-an" 'a nanc"ra%+ '"o o 5o&n" + ,roce&+ M"lo0e-"3+ " 'a mole ,omo3 m+&l"man&$"4*emal%a

Nastava( istra*e

S-" t"mo-" $o%" ra'e na &r,&$"m *lo#"n"ma moral" &+ &e 'at" na ,o&ao. 5+'+3" 'a m+#"tel%""ma%+ "&t" ,lan/ -e3 mno(o ,r"$+,l%en"4 'o$a*a & %e'no( $ra%a J+(o&la-"%e na 'r+(",o,+n%a-a%+ %e'an te "&t" ,re'met/ $o%" 3e 'o-e&t" 'o ,ra-o( '"r"(enta &r,&$o(

*lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata etn"#$o( #"03en%a. Moralo &e "* 2r'a n"$a'a anal"*"ran"4 ar4"-a"*-la#"t" elemente 'o$a*a $o%" ,o$a*+%+ +m"%e0ano&t 5eo(ra'a. U t"m ,ra0n%a-"m$arton"ma/ ('%e %e na(om"lano &-e 0to &e n"%e &la(alo & "&tra(ama + t"%e$+/ nala*" &e '"o'o$+menata $o%" o&-%etl%a-a%+ ,o,re#ne l"n"%e *a,o-"%e'an%a. Im,re&"-na $ol"#"na'o$+menata "*ran%a "* te *a$a0n%ele ,otra(e. Al" ,ra-n"c" mora%+ ra*-"t" &,o&o2no&tanal"*"ran%a na $o%" "4 n%"4o- ra'/ 'o &a'a <ra(mentaran/ n"%e ,r",rem"o. Ne$" 2" 4t%el"o,t+"t" M"lo0e-"3a *a nanc"%&$+ " lo("&t"#$+ ,ot,or+ &r,&$"m &na(ama + 5o&n" "Hr-at&$o%/ ne 2a0 +-%eren" + n%e(o-+ &,o&o2no&t $ontrol"ran%a te &na(e. Dr+(",roc%en%+%+ 'a %e 2"o ,ra-" "*-r0"tel% etn"#$o( #"03en%a. Nema &+mn%e + "*ra-n+M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t na Ko&o-+/ ,o$ra%"n" ,o' n%e(o-om $ontrolom. Kao 0e< 'ra-e2"o %e " -r4o-n" *a,o-%e'n"$ &r,&$"4 or+an"4 &na(a +$l%+#en"4 + t+ ,o&l%e'n%+ $am,an%+

*lo#"na. U 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o% n%e(o-a %e *lo#"na#$a o'(o-orno&t &loen"%a %er Sr2"%a $o%o% %eta'a 2"o na #el+ &l+2eno n"%e 2"la + rat+. Mora &e/ 'a$le/ +t-r'"t" n%e(o- ,ra-" +t%eca% na*a,o-%e'ne lance $o%e 'e %+re ne $ontrol"ra " na +&,ore'ne lance/ +&,o&ta-l%ene 'a 2" &emo(l" ,ro-e&t" n%e(o-" na+m". Za'ata$ %e tea$ " 'o-o'" 'o e&to$"4 ra&,ra-a +n+tart+"tel%&t-a ,o'"%el%eno( na one $o%" &e n"$a'a n"&+ *an"mal" *a M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t*a *lo#"ne " on"4 $o%" ne mo(+ ra*+m%et" ta$a- nemar/ $o%" ne &amo 'a %e -o'"o I7T8 +ne+&,%e4/ ne(o %e o' n%e(a #"n"o ,+$" Pol"t"#$" "n&tr+ment mo3n"$a.

Unato# &la2o&t"ma T+"tel%&t-a/ o,t+"t" M"lo0e-"3a *a Hr-at&$+ ,o$a*alo &e + $ona#n"c"la$0e ne(o 0to &e o#e$"-alo. Pra-n"c" $o%" &+ -o'"l" "&tra(+ + Hr-at&$o%/ ,o&e2no +V+$o-ar+ " D+2ro-n"$+/ & ne&tr,l%en%em &+ o#e$"-al" 'a &e Ure' $ona#no o'l+#" ,ro(on"t"M"lo0e-"3a. Pal%"-o &+ #+-al" &-e 'o$a*e +,leteno&t" 2eo(ra'&$"4 -la&t" + ,o$+0a% 'a

*a+*"man%em ter"tor"%a " "&t%er"-a>n%em ne&r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a $o%e %e t+ "-%elo ,r",o%eta% '"o Hr-at&$e Sr2"%".

Kra%em a+(+&ta ::1. ,r-" nacrt o,t+n"ce -e3 %e na t+"tel%"#"n+ &tol+. D-a'e&et

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&e'mo( &e,tem2ra 7arla 'el Ponte ,ot,"&+%e $ona#n+ -er*"%+. O&mo( o$to2ra ::1.

na$on 0to %+ %e ,ot-r'"o %e'an o' &+'aca/ Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 &l+2eno %e o,t+en *a*lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" + Hr-at&$o%. Ta no-a o,t+2a nema "&t" me)+naro'n" o'%e$ $aoona ,r-a. Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc" +,ra-o &+ ,o$ren+l" o,erac"%+ Tra%na &lo2o'a +A<(an"&tan+ $o%a o*na#a-a ,o#eta$ '+(o( rata ,rot"- teror"*ma.

D"o o 5o&n" na"la*" na 2ro%ne ,ote0$o3e. I&tra(a nema ,ote0$o3a 'a 'o$ae M"lo0e-"3e-+&+ra'n%+ + to% *lo#"na#$o% ,ol"t"c" etn"#$o( #"03en%a/ n" ,o&to%an%e &m"0l%eno( ,lana 'a 2"&e ono "*-elo/ al" n"%e +&,%ela re$on&tr+"rat" *a,o-%e'n" lanac $o%" %a&no 'o,"re 'o -r4a'ra-e + 5eo(ra'+. Za&a'a %e M"lo0e-"3 &ta-l%en + ran( mo3ne ,o'r0$e/ a ne o&o2e $o%ao'l+#+%e "l" ,ot"#e. T% ,otra*" *a "&t"nom I7T8 &e ne moe t"me *a'o-ol%"t" " mora ,ro-%er"t"$o%a %e &t-arna M"lo0e-"3e-a +lo(a/ 2e* o2*"ra na ,r"-"'e.

Kra%em a+(+&ta 7arla 'el Ponte -ra3a &-o%e t"mo-e na ,o&ao= Na0a %e +lo(a ,o-"%e&na/o,t+n"ca *a 5o&n+ "ma ,r-ora*re'an *na#a%/ ne &m"%emo *a2rl%at". Do$ &e t"m 'a%e na,o&ao 'a ot$r"%e ,o&l%e'n%e $ar"$e &loene &la(al"ce $o%+ %e M"lo0e-"3 &tr,l%"-o (ra'"o $a$o2" "* 'al%"ne na'(le'ao *lo#"ne + "me 4e(emon"%&$o( ,ro%e$ta Vel"$e Sr2"%e/ +#nera&,ra-e -o'e &e + $+loar"ma t+"tel%&t-a. One &+ o'ra* ne,o*na-an%a to( &+$o2a/ al" %o0-"0e '+2o$"4 " "*nena)+%+3"4 ot,ora *am"&l" 'a mora%+ ,r"*nat" (olem+ M"lo0e-"3e-+o'(o-orno&t *a *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene + 5o&n" *2o( n%e(o-a +t%eca%a na -o)e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2aRa'o-ana Kara'"3a " Rat$a Mla'"3a. Ne$" &e 2+ne ,o' "*l"$om 'a &e ne 2" &m%elo+man%"-at" neo&,orn+ +lo(+ '-o%"ce -e3 o,t+en"4 $r-olo#n"4 ratn"4 -o)a " ,ret-or"t" "4 +,+$e M"lo0e-"3e-e mar"onete. U "me o-e ,o*nate ,ol"t"$e m"r"&a $r-" $o%a %e ,re'+(o

o(ran"#a-ala "&tra(e na $r-n"$e " n%"4o-e "*ra-ne nar+#"oce/ on" n"$a'a n"&+ ,ro0"r"l""&tra(e "*-an (ran"ca 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne. Sa'a o'2"%a%+ &+mn%"#"t" M"lo0e-"3a $ao,ra-o( $+ma te ,ol"t"$e/ $o%a %e *a%e'n"#$a &-"m &r,&$"m o&+mn%"#en"c"ma/ " $o%o% %e c"l%2"o *lo#"nom ra*'-o%"t" ra*l"#"te etn"#$e *a%e'n"ce.

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Te0$o %e ,om"r"t" &t-arno&t ma&o-n"4 *lo#"na & ta$-"m m"n"mal"&t"#$"m ,r"&t+,om/

,r"m%en%"-"m na *lo#"ne o,3e( ,ra-a. Ma&o-n" *lo#"n" ne ,ro"*la*e "* ,o%e'"na#n"4 '%ela/ne(o "* ,ol"t"$e $o%a *lo#"n ,o'"e na ra*"n+ &+&ta-a " ,ret,o&ta-l%a mno0t-o &+'"on"$a/&+&ta-a $o%" o'l+#+%e 'a ne$" -"0e nema%+ ,ra-o "mat" ,ra-a " $o%" ne &amo 'a &e $or"&t"-o%n"m " ,ol"c"%&$"m &re'&t-"ma ,rot"- %e'no( '"%ela &tano-n"0t-a/ ne(o ta$o)er mo2"l"*"ra&-e re&+r&e %e'no( 'r+0t-a/ o' a'm"n"&trac"%e/ ,rometa/ nanc"%&$"4 &re'&ta-a/ t"&$a ,a#a$ " ,ra-o&+)a. T" ma&o-n" *lo#"n" ,o#"n%en" &+ + "me %e'ne ,ol"t"$e/ %e'no( $ole$t"-no(,ro%e$ta. Pa #a$ " a$o n"%e ,otre2no 'a 2+'+ ,o-e*an" & %e'nom ,ol"t"$om"n&t"t+c"onal"*"ranom na ra*"n" 'ra-e/ mo3 &e 'ra-e &-e #e03e &ta-l%a + &l+2+ *lo#"na.7"l% me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a +,ra-o %e ,re,o*na-an%e *lo#"na#$"4 ,ol"t"$a "&t"(mat"*"ran%e 'ra-a $o%e &+/ +m%e&to 'a %am#e &"(+rno&t &-o%"4 (ra)ana/ "*a2rale$r0en%e re'a " l"0a-an%e '"%ela &-o%e( &tano-n"0t-a ,ra-a na "-ot. I7T8 &e n"%e mo(ao

o&lo2o'"t" to( tra(an%a " o'+&tat" o' nalaen%a on"4 $o%" &+ *a#el" " o'l+#"l" ,ro-e&t"etn"#$o #"03en%e na ,o'r+#%"ma ,o' n%"4o-om $ontrolom/ ,a 2"lo to " "*-an (ran"can%"4o-e 'ra-e 'a 2" $a*n"l" ,ra-e "*a*"-a#e rata " ,r"'on"%el" &,re#a-an%+ ,ona-l%an%ama&o-n"4 *lo#"na. Ne$" +n+tar I7T8>a to &+ &4-at"l" " ,o$+0a-a%+ ot$r"t" mo(+3e -e*e"*me)+ ma&o-n"4 (ro2n"ca " -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+.

O(ršaj 1&e2itt $De& Ponte

Kra%em &e,tem2ra ::1. t"m T+"tel%&t-a &a&ta-"o %e &ol"'an ,ra-n" 'o$+ment $o%"

re$on&tr+"ra lanac 'o(a)a%a " 'o$a*+%e M"lo0e-"3e-+ &re'"0n%+ +lo(+ + &m"0l%enom,ot4-at+ etn"#$o( #"03en%a + 5o&n". Al" ,ro%e$t o,t+n"ce $o%" %e ,re'an 7arl" 'el Ponte ne&a'r" n" ,o$ol%e + Sre2ren"c" n" o,&a'+ Sara%e-a. -"car$a o'ma4 &a*"-a &a&tana$. el"ra*+m%et" $a$o to 'a ta% &,"& omo(+3a-a 'a &e ,rat" lanac *a,o-"%e'an%a " +t-r'""n'"-"'+alna M"lo0e-"3e-a o'(o-orno&t + -e3"n" *lo#"na $o%e %e &+ ,o#"n"l" 2o&an&$" Sr2"/ ane 'ono&" 'o-ol%no 'o$a*a 'a (a &e o$r"-" *a o-a '-a na%-e3a &l+#a%a/ neo'-o%"-a o'&r,&$o( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata. O'(o-or %e o0tar= Nema 'o$a*a. Ta% 2" &e ar(+mentmo(ao 2ran"t" 'a %e o,t+2a $ren+la lo0"m ,ra-cem/ 'a M"lo0e-"3 n"$a'a n"%e 2"o n" na$o%" na#"n +,leten + o,&a'+ Sara%e-a/ + *a+*"man%e Sre2ren"ce " +2"%an%a $o%a &+ &l"%e'"la.U,ra-o &e to ne$" tr+'e ,ot-r'"t" na &a&tan$+. 5le?"tt "4 ,o'ra-a " ,o$+0a-a 'o-e&t"0ec+ + man%"n+. Sa&tana$ &e ,ret-ara + &+$o2. 7arla 'el Ponte ne el" o'+&tat" ,o'

"*(o-orom n"&mo to "&tra"-al" $ao 0to &e #"ta-o -r"%eme ra&,ra-e tr+'"o ,ona-l%at"n%e*"n *am%en"$. Ona ,re'lae $om,rom"&= "*"3" & o,t+n"com ta$-om $a$-a %e&t " +-e&t"'o,+ne na$on *a-r0et$+ "&tra(e. Nema n" na%man%e( 'o$a*a $o%" 2" M"lo0e-"3a -e*"-ao+* o,&a'+ Sara%e-a " ,o$ol%e + Sre2ren"c"/ ,ona-l%a%+ n%e*"n" ,rot"-n"c" 2e* 'r+("4

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o2%a0n%en%a. Dr+(" *a &tolom &la+ &e 'a ,o&to%" ,remalo 'o$a*a/ al" "&t"#+ 'a ,o&to%"

#"ta-a le,e*a "n'"c"%a $o%e *a-re)+%+ 'a &e "&trae. 7arla 'el Ponte o'l+#+%e= Morate-o'"t" "&tra(+ o Sara%e-+ " Sre2ren"c"/ 'a%em -am 0e&t t%e'ana 'a *a-r0"te "&tra"-an%e.Pot,"&"-an%e M"lo0e-"3e-e o,t+n"ce *a 5o&n+ o'(o)eno %e *a &re'"n+ no-em2ra.

5or2a $o%a %e +,ra-o ,o#ela na&ta-"t 3e &e *a -r"%eme c"%elo( ,roce&a ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a.D"o T+"tel%&t-a $o#" &a &-e #et"r" no(e " $or"&t" t"4 0e&t t%e'ana 'a 'o$ae ne,r"4-atl%"-o&tte*e $o%+ 2ran" (la-na t+"tel%"ca. ra4am 5le?"tt $o%" %o0 n"%e +&,"o ,o-rat"t" &-o%a+tor"tet na' Ure'om ne moe -"0e mane-r"rat" *ate*an%em. Tr+'" &e/ 'a$le/ na-e&t"7arl+ 'el Ponte na $ora$ +natra(/ a naro#"to na o'+&ta%an%e o' ,ro(ona M"lo0e-"3a *a(enoc"'. U a+(+&t+ ::1. I7T8 %e na*-ao ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c" (enoc"'om na &+)en%+(eneral+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a Ra'"&la-+ Kr&t"3+/ *a,o-%e'n"$+ Dr"n&$o( $or,+&a/ na%-an"%o%

-o%>no% &"l" +$l%+#eno% + $r-o,rol"3e + %+l+ 1G. 7arla 'el Ponte ra*matra/ 'a$le/mo(+3no&t 'a M"lo0e-"3a o,t+" *a (enoc"' *a Sre2ren"c+/ al" " *a ne$ol"$o 'r+("4 o,3"na+ 5o&n" ('%e %e etn"#$o #"03en%e ,o,r"m"lo ra*m%ere (enoc"'a/ t+"tel%"ca &l+0a &-o%e(,omo3n"$a " ,o$+0a-a m+ o2%a&n"t" 'a o,t+n"ca ne moe na-o'"t" ,o&to%an%e&m"0l%eno( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata #"%" 2" M"lo0e-"3 2"o %e'an o' "&ta$n+t"4 #lano-a/o'no&no 0e</ " "&to'o2no t-r'"t" 'a ne '"%el" "&t+ *lo#"na#$+ o'(o-orno&t $ao " &,ore'n"&+'"on"c"/ $ao 0to %e to &l+#a% + &-a$om *lo#"na#$om +'r+en%+. Pomo3n"$ t+"tel%a*a4t"%e-a/ ra&,ra-a %e na,eta. Nemamo 'o$a*a *a (enoc"'/ t-r'" 5le?"tt/ $o%" o'2"%a&-a$+ -e*+ "*me)+ ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c" " -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+. Za n%e(a &re2ren"#$a&ramota ne ,ro"*la*" tol"$o "* &m"0l%eno( ,lana $ol"$o "* na&t+,a l+'"la (enerala Mla'"3a.

Te*a n"%e no-a. Pre' &tra4otom " o,&e(om ,o$ol%a/ *a,a'n%a#$" -o%n"c" " '",lomat" 2rane

t+ te*+ o' ,r-"4 'ana " &l+e &e n%ome 'a o,ra-'a%+ ne'%elo-an%e $o%e %e on'a &amore*+ltat n%"4o-e ne&,o&o2no&t" 'a ,re'-"'e 0to 3e &e 'o(o'"t". 7arla 'el Ponte o'-ra3a=Moral" &te ot-or"t" "&tra(+ 1B./ to %e ,r-a &t-ar $o%+ &e moralo +#"n"t" Na$on*a-r0et$a &a&tan$a ona 'o2ac+%e &-o%"m &a-%etn"c"ma= Mo(+ on" na&ta-"t" &a &-o%"ml+$a-0t"nama/ al" ne3+ o'+&tat" o' (enoc"'a. Imamo 'o$a*e "/ a$o ra4am 'r" 'a "4nema 'o&ta/ ne$a m" $ae 0to %e ra'"o &-"4 o-"4 (o'"na +m%e&to 'a "&tra+%e oM"lo0e-"3+. Mo'a &+ mo(l" &,r"%e#"t" ne$" no-" rat " no-e ,o$ol%e. Al" *a to -r"%eme 'r+(",re2"r+ &,"&e T+"tel%&t-a/ "'ent"c"ra%+ &-%e'o$e " ot$r"-a%+ no-e ,o'+'arno&t" $o%e,o-e*+%+ M"lo0e-"3a &a Sre2ren"com " Sara%e-om. Sre'"nom no-em2ra 7arla 'el Pontemoe ,ot,"&at" o,t+n"c+ " ,re'at" %e &+c+.

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D-a'e&et tre3e( no-em2ra ::1. (. na$on 0to %e &+'ac $o%" ,ot-r)+%e "&,"tao 'o$+ment

T+"tel%&t-a/ M"lo0e-"3 %e <ormalno o,t+en *a (enoc"'/ &+'"on"0t-o + (enoc"'+ " *a*lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" *2o( n%e(o-e o&o2ne o'(o-orno&t" *a *lo#"ne $o%e &+ ,o#"n"l"2o&an&$" Sr2"/ "*me)+ o&talo( + Sara%e-+ " Sre2ren"c". T+"tel%&t-o %e ta'a + mo(+3no&t"*atra"t" o' S+'a 'a &,o%" &-e ,o&t+,$e ot-orene ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a $a$o 2" &e or(an"*"ralo-o)en%e %e'"n&t-eno( ,roce&a. Jer &r,&$" *lo#"n" + Hr-at&$o% 11./ + 5o&n" o' 1. 'o1G. " na Ko&o-+ o' 1. 'o 1. '"o &+ %e'ne te "&te ,ol"t"$e $o%o% %e c"l% terorom*a+-"%e$ "&t%erat" ne&r,&$o &tano-n"0t-o "* ,o'r+#%a $o%a o&-o%e "l" ,r"el%$+%+ &r,&$e&na(e. Proce& Slo2o'an+ M"lo0e-"3+ ot-ara &e 1. <e2r+ara ::.!: O,t+en"$+ %e'o,+0teno 'a &am ,re+*me o2ran+.

Mi&oševi#eva optu0ni,a3 poza%ina &jute 4or4e

Ka$o o2%a&n"t" 'a %e t+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a/ ,r-a me)+naro'na %+r"&'"$c"%a ,o&l"%e Nrn2er(a " To$"%a/ $o%a &e ne,re&tano tr+'"la o&lo2o'"t" o' &-o%"4 o&n"-a#a/ 'o ::1. (o'"ne,ro,+&t"la "&tra"-at" M"lo0e-"3e-+ $a*nen+ o'(o-orno&t *a,o#eta$ " o'-"%an%e rata +5o&n" " Hr-at&$o% To &e ne moe o,ra-'at" &la2o&t"ma/ $ao 0to &e n%"ma ne moeo2%a&n"t" n" +&tra%no o'2"%an%e ne$"4 #lano-a T+"tel%&t-a 'a trae "&t"n+ " +*m+ + o2*"r&-e o'(o-orno&t" $a'

%e r"%e# o Sre2ren"c" "l" o o,&a'" 2o&an&$o( (la-no( (ra'a/ '+(o% 4"l%a'+ tr"&to ,e'e&et

'ana/ ta '-a &"m2ol"#na l"ca rata + 5o&n". T+ ,o&to%" %e'na "*nena)+%+3a $on&tanta/ " "&tota$o #+'ne ,o'+'arno&t". Po lo("c" 2" ,o&l"%e o,t+2e ,rot"- Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a " Rat$aMla'"3a/ n%e(o-"4 ,o+*'an"$a + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ M"lo0e-"3 tre2ao 2"t" ,r"or"tetnameta t+"tel%e-a Ure'a. Pre'&%e'n"$ Tr"2+nala/ Tal"%an Anton"o 7a&&e&e/ ,ot,re'&%e'n"$/Franc+* 7la+'e Jor'a " 'r+(" &+c" " &am" &+ to + -"0e na-rata ,r"m"%et"l" t+"tel%+. O'n%"4o-e G. ,lenarne &%e'n"ce &re'"nom %an+ara 1G./ &+c" &+ ot-oreno +*nem"ren" *2o(ne'o&l%e'no( ,ro(rama o,t+"-an%a T+"tel%&t-a $o%e/ ,o n%"4o-+ -")en%+/ n" ,r"m%ereno/n" +#"n$o-"to ne o'(o-ara m"&"%" I7T8>a/ " "&t"#+ 4"tno&t ,en%an%a ,o *a,o-%e'n"m lanc"ma$a$o 2" &e "*2%e(lo 'a ,ra-o&+)e *a(l"2". No -"'%e-0" 'o$a*e $o%e ,r"ma%+ ,r" ,ot-r'"o,t+n"ce/ +t-r'"l" &+ ,o-e*ano&t 'o$a*a $o%a 'a%e na&l+t"t" 'a 2" &e o'(o-orno&t" *a*lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" mo(le tra"t" me)+ -"&o$"m '+no&n"c"ma Sr2"%e.

O#e$+%+/ 'a$le/ 'a -"'e t+"tel%a ol'&tona " n%e(o-a *am%en"$a 5le?"tta $a$o "&tra+%+ oe-ent+alno% M"lo0e-"3e-o% o'(o-orno&t".

No/ -o'"tel%" T+"tel%&t-a "*a2ral" &+ 'r+$#"%+ $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+. O'+&ta%+ o' ,re-la'a-an%a*a,re$a $o%e

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30 Kao + &-"m &l+#a%e-"ma ,re' I7T8>em/ *a,"&n"c" %a-n"4 ra&,ra-a mo(+ &e na3" na ???.

+n.or(@"ct.

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http://un.org/icty

http://un.org/icty



,o&ta-l%a%+ -el"$e &"le $o%e + Daton+ 'e <acto 'o'%el%+%+ ne$an%"-o&t (la-nom

o&+mn%"#en"$+. Za,a'n%ac" ne ele 'a &e Tr"2+nal "*2l"*a *an"ma *a ono(a $o%" %eor$e&tr"rao ,ol"t"$om etn"#$o( #"03en%a $o%a %e ,o4arala 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ " 'o2ro ,a*e 'am+ ne ,r+e elemente 'o$a*a $o%e ,o&%e'+%+/ $ao 0to &+ na,ra-"le + Nrn2er(+. A$o %e1B;. "ntere& &a-e*n"$a 2"o 0to 2re 'o$a*at" 'a %e H"tlero-a N%ema#$a *a,o#ela2ar2ar&$" rat na $o%" &+ on" &amo o'(o-or"l"/ o-a% ,+t ne ele 'a I7T8/ ,ro(one3"M"lo0e-"3a/ ot$r"%e 'a %e #o-%e$ & $o%"m &+ +,ra-o ,ot,"&al" m"r/ $ra%em 1G. 'o,+&t"o,o-rata$ 2ar2ar&t-a +&re' E+ro,e. O,t+"t" M"lo0e-"3a ta'a 2" *na#"lo ,oremet"t" &tat+&+o 0to 2" &e 'o"-%elo $ao #"n ,rot"- m"ra. T+"tel%&t-o to *na " ne ,o$+0a-a ot-or"t" ta%,re'met +&,ore'no & 'r+("m "&tra(ama. U nemo(+3no&t" ,r"&t+,a 2eo(ra'&$"m ar4"-"ma"l" on"ma -el"$"4 &"la/ mo(lo %e ,o$+0at" *a'o2"t" &+ra'n%+ 5o&ne " Hr-at&$e " $o,at" ,oar4"-"ma 2o&an&$"4 " 4r-at&$"4 Sr2a/ $o%" &+ -rlo 2o(at" "n<ormac"%ama/ ,r"%e ne(o 0to "4

M"lo0e-"3e-" "*a&lan"c" ,o#n+ 1. o'no&"t" + 5eo(ra'. Jer &am M"lo0e-"3 &+mn%"#" I7T8'a &e ,o#"n%e &tr,l%"-o ,en%at" ,o *a,o-%e'nom lanc+ " "*-an (ran"ca *ara3en"4 re,+2l"$a/&-e 'o Sr2"%e/ 'o -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+.

Dale$o %e o' ,om"&l" 'a n" on n" n%e(o-o o$r+en%e/ ,a #a$ n" -o'e ,ara-o%n"4 %e'"n"ca/n"&+ na ,o>,"&+ o&+mn%"#en"4 Ha0$o( &+'a. Franc+&$" &+'ac 7la+'e Jor'a $o%" na m%e&t+Pre'&%e'n"$a I7T8>a na&l%e)+%e Anton"%a 7a&&e&ea " a2r"elle K"r$ McDonal'/ o2ara &e nane'o&tata$ 0"r"ne o'(o-orn"4 + t+"tel%&t-+/ $o%" &e ,re-"0e 2r"n+ *a to 'a ne +*2+r$a%+ "ne *a$om,l"c"ra%+ ra' *a,a'n"4 '",lomac"%a. U 'o%ml%"-o% ,ara2ol" o$r"-l%+%e neo'l+#n+,ol"t"$+ ,ro(ona= Po' "*l"$om 'a Man'at I7T8>a o-la03+%e " ,ro(on H"tlera " -o*a#alo$omot"-e $o%a %e -o*"la + A+&c4?"t*/ on %e *a ,o#eta$/ &amo 'a -"'" $a$a- 3e -%etar

,+4n+t"/ o,t+"o me4an"#are " -la$o-o'e. Do$ &+ mo*(o-" etn"#$o( #"03en%a na &lo2o'"/n"* &"tn"4 r"2a *a$r#+%e &+'n"ce I7T8>a. Da 2" &e "*2%e(lo ,aral"*"ran%e Tr"2+nala Lo+"&eAr2o+r/ $o%a %e &re'"nom 1;. *am"%en"la ol'&tonea/ ,r"&"l%ena %e o2+&ta-"t" tre3"n+o,t+n"ca/ n%"4 '-a'e&eta$. Nalae &-o%em ,omo3n"$+ ra4am+ 5le?"tt+ 'a &e+&re'oto#" na (orn%e re'o-e. U&,ore'no &t-ara Le>a'er&4", Re&earc4 Team 6LRT9. Ta% t"m'o2r"4 ,o*na-atel%a 5al$ana ,o-%eren %e %e'nom J+noa<r"$anc+ $o%" " 'al%e ne -o'"ra#+na o -e*ama "*me)+ lo$aln"4 &tr+$t+ra *a,o-"%e'an%a " 5eo(ra'a/ na -el"$one*a'o-ol%&t-o n%e(o-e e$",e.

Pa n" $a' o' 1. M"lo0e-"3 na&ta-" &-o%+ *lo#"na#$+ ,ol"t"$+ na Ko&o-+/ na%o'(o-orn"%" + T+"tel%&t-+/ on" $o%" &+ ,r-" &t"(l" + Ha( " $o%" "ma%+ -e3 -"0e o' #et"r" (o'"ne "&$+&t-a &me)+naro'nom ,ra-'om/ ne "*la*e "* &-o%e +#malo&t"/ ,aral"*"ran" $a$-" %e&+ ,om"0l%+ 'a,ro(one 0e<a 'ra-e $o%" %e na -la&t"/ 'a r+0e ta2+/ 'a &e *am%ere -el"$"m &"lama. Do tem%ere 'a to "*a*"-a *a,re,a0ten%e Lo+"&e Ar2o+r. O(or#ena ,a&"-no03+ -"&o$"4'+no&n"$a &-o%e( +re'a/ $ana'&$a t+"tel%"ca ,o-%era-a na%2l""m &+ra'n"c"ma= Sram"m&e 0to n"t$o ne $+ca na mo%a -rata. Je'an o' n%"4 &%e3a &e= Ve3"na + Ure'+ 2"la %e ,rot"-

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o,t+"-an%a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/ ta'a 0e<a 'ra-e. No ne tre2a "*a to( ot-oreno(

o,"ran%a tra"t" ne$a$-+ *a-%er+. Na "*-or+ te &la2o&t" 62e* &+mn%e o,. a.9 &+ne&,o&o2no&t/ ne*nan%e/ (l+,o&t. Al" to %e o2%a0n%en%e 'ale$o o' to(a 'a na& *a'o-ol%",re' *a#+)+%+3om ,o'+'arno&t" ot,ora +n+tar I7T8>a " $o#en%a $o%e -r0e -el"$e &"le. Ta,o'+'arno&t ne moe 2"t" &l+#a%na/ t"m -"0e 0to 3e &e " 'al%e ,ot-r)"-at" ,o&l"%eo,t+"-an%a M"lo0e-"3a/ + &%en" n%e(o-a ,roce&a. O,t+2e *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c" te *aSara%e-o n"&+ &amo +n+tar Ure'a t+"tel%a +*roc" &taln"4 tr-en%a/ ne(o &+ to " "*me)+I7T8>a " -el"$"4 &"la. O'atle ,"tan%a o +t%eca%+ &trate("%e an(lo&a$&on&$"4 -la'a " n%"4o-a,remre"-an%a T+"tel%&t-a/ ,re-"0e ,o'm+$lo( 'a 2" &e mo(lo $-ant"c"rat"/ al" $o%e nemoe 2"t" &trano ne'o&tat$+ -ol%e 'a &e o,t+" M"lo0e-"3a " ot,or"ma $o%" &e %a-l%a%+ +&-a$om $l%+#nom 'o(a)a%+ o-o( ,re'meta.

Pr-" ,o-"%e&n" " +temel%"tel%&$" #"n me)+naro'no( $a*neno( ,ra-o&+)a '+(+%emo4ra2ro&t" Lo+"&e Ar2o+r " t-r'o(la-o&t" 7arle 'el Ponte %er (olema M"lo0e-"3e-ao'(o-orno&t/ o*2"l%no&t " ra*m%er" n%e(o-"4 (n+&n"4 *lo#"na ne 2" 2"l" 'o-ol%n" 'a (a"*-e'+ ,re' S+'. S+,rotno ra0"ren+ m"0l%en%+/ &amo ,o&to%an%e I7T8>a n"%e ,r+alon"$a$-a %am&t-a 'a 3emo %e'no( 'ana -"'%et" na o,t+en"#$o% $l+," #o-%e$a $o%" %e + er"*a$let-e n"$a'a -"0e + &rc+ E+ro,e " ,re' o#"ma me)+naro'n"4 $amera &t-or"ore"n$arnac"%+ $ona#no( r%e0en%a. Po' c"%en+ 2"ta$a $o%e %a-no&t n"%e n" &l+t"la M"lo0e-"3a

%e $ona#no 'o&t"(la ,ra-'a.

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)tr(a s vreeno

Ka' %e 1. <e2r+ara ::. ot-oren ,roce& ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/ &+c" &+ ,o>*"-al" t+"tel%&t-o'a "*no0en%e 'o$a*a *a,o#ne & Ko&o-om. Da$le o2rn+to o' $ronolo0$o( re'a tr"%+ rato-ana $o%e &e ,roce& o'no&". Proce'+ra I7T8>a %e a$+*atorna/ ,ro"*"0la "* common la?a. Zara*l"$+ o' "n$-"*"tor&$o( &+&ta-a r"m&$o( ,ra-a/ na*-ano( $ont"nentaln"m/ + $o%em+&+'ac "ma a$t"-n+ +lo(+ + tra(an%+ *a "&t"nom/ + a$+*ator&$o% ,roce'+r" to tra(an%e/ ,o'ar2"traom &+'aca/ "*-o'e t+"tel% " o'-%etn"c" o2rane "l"/ + M"lo0e-"3e-+ &l+#a%+/ o,t+en"$o%" &am &e2e *a&t+,a. Do$ &e + "n$-"*"tor&$om &+&ta-+ ,r"$+,l%an%e ,"&an"4 'o$a*a'o(a)a *a -r"%eme "&tra(e/ + ,roce'+r" $o%a %e na &na*" + I7T8>+ &-e &e 'o(a)a na %a-no%ra&,ra-". Proce'+ra %e 'a$le +&mena " *a&no-ana na 'o$a*"-an%+ &-%e'o#en%em/ &"&,"t"-an%em " ,rot+"&,"t"-an%em/ 'a$le na na,re'o-an%+ ,rema "&t"n" + c"$ca$ l"n"%". O-a,roce'+ra "&,re$"'ano( r"tma n"%e narat"-na $ao 0to to moe 2"t" ,r",o-"%e'an%e $o%e"*no&" "&tran" &+'ac + ,roce'+r" $ont"nentalno( t",a.

Da 2" na'(le'ala ra*l"#"te t"mo-e $o%" &+ ,r"re)"-al" &,"& o,t+2e/ 7arla 'el Ponte"meno-ala %e + no-em2r+ ::1. no-o( t+"tel%a. M%e&to '"r"(enta o,t+2e + ,roce&+M"lo0e-"3 'o2"o %e 5r"tanac eoYre N"ce. 7arla 'el Ponte 'o,+&t"la %e 'a %e ,r"&"l" n%e*"n*am%en"$. I&$or"&t"-0" 2ro%na ,+to-an%a o-e -"car$e/ ra4am 5le?"tt %e + ,rol%e3e ::1.o'let"o + Lon'on " ,o*-ao en(le&$o( o'-%etn"$a $o%" %e ,o#et$om (o'"ne na,+&t"o I7T8.O-a% &e n"%e 'ao mol"t" ne(o %e/ *2o( -el"$"4 o'(o-orno&t"/ o'ma4 *atra"o -e3+ ,la3+.Unato# le(en'arno% tromo&t" &-o%"4 ,ro,"&a/ UN 2r*o nala*" na#"na 'a *a'o-ol%" o&o2ne*a4t%e-e eoYre-%a N"cea. 7arla 'el Ponte %e &ta-l%ena ,re' (oto- #"n. 5+'+3" 'a %o% &e

+r"/ o'+&ta%e o' traen%a 'r+("4 $an'"'ata " ,ot-r)+%e ta% "*2or. eoYre N"ce ,o*na%eI7T8 " n%e(o-+ ,roce'+r+/ ,re'no&t m+ %e 0to moe o'ma4 '%elo-at".

Kra%em &e,tem2ra ::. o,t+2a %e *a-r0"la & '+(om l"tan"%om ,o$ol%a " 'e,ortac"%a #"%e&+ rt-e 2"l" $o&o-&$" Al2anc" " ,o#"n%e ,o*"-at" &-%e'o$e $o%" 'ola*e (o-or"t" o *lo#"n"ma0to &+ "4 &r,&$e &na(e "*-r0"le + Hr-at&$o%. Ce$a%+3" 'a 'o)e na re' 5o&na/ &+c" &+ 1.&e,tem2ra nare'"l" T+"tel%&t-+ 'a &man%" o,t+n" &,"& $o%" %e ,rema n%"ma ,reo,0"ran.O're)en" 2ro% o,3"na $o%e &+ 2"le ,o*orn"ca na&"lno( etn"#$o( #"03en%a + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n" mora 'a$le 2"t" +$lon%en 'a 2" &e o(ran"#"o 2ro% ,r"m%era *lo#"na/ ,a 'a$le ",r"#a &-%e'o$a. Z2o( &taln"4 M"lo0e-"3e-"4 "*o&tana$a $o%" 'o-o'e 'o ,re$"'a ra&,ra-e "*2o( o,&eno&t" &,"&a $o%" o2+4-a3a tr" rata/ &+c"ma &e +r" *a-r0"t" <a*+ o,t+2e. Proce&

Slo2o'an+ M"lo0e-"3+ ,o&tao %e ,ra-a +tr$a & -remenom. T+"tel%&t-o mora 'o ;.o$to2ra "*-e&t" ta &$ra3en%a " ,re'at" no-+ o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a *a 5o&n+. Stare&-a)e o'ma4 &e o2na-l%a%+. U +tora$ . o$to2ra ::. + 1G &at" 7arla 'el Ponte &a*"-aUre'. Pret4o'no( 'ana t"m $o%" ra'" na ,re'met+ M"lo0e-"3 ,re'ao %o% %e -rlo

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+*nem"r+%+3" ,o-%erl%"-" memoran'+m. U nemo(+3no&t" 'a "*-e'+ 'o-ol%an 2ro%

&-%e'o$a/ eoYre N"ce " n%e(o-" &+ra'n"c" &tra4+%+ 'a ne3e +&,%et" +-%er"t" &+ce +M"lo0e-"3e-+ $r"-n%+ *a o,&a'+ Sara%e-a. Pre'la+ tr" r%e0en%a= ,o-+3" o,&a'+ Sara%e-a "*o,t+n"ce/ &-e&t" &,"& na ono na%%e'no&ta-n"%e +&re'oto#"-0" &e na %e'an 'o '-a &l+#a%a&na%,er&$o( ,+can%a " 2om2ar'"ran%a "l" ,o$+0at" o,3en"to ,r"$a*at" $am,an%+ terora,rot"- c"-"lno( &tano-n"0t-a 2o&an&$o( (la-no( (ra'a ne o2ra)+%+3" ,o%e'"ne "*(re'e. Da2" &e "*2%e(lo (+2l%en%e ne$ol"$o 'ana o' -remena $o%e "m %e 'o'"%el%eno/ "*-%e0ta%,re,or+#+%e 7arl" 'el Ponte 'a "&,+&t" &,"& o Sara%e-+. Pr"%e ne(o 0to 3e &e &+o#"t" &t"mom/ t+"tel%"ca &e &a-%et+%e & o$ol"nom. N%e*"n %e +re' *a,re,a0ten. Anton N"$"<oro-/r+&$" '",lomat&$" &a-%etn"$/ $o%" o' &-o%e( 'ola&$a 1. me'+ -o'"tel%"ma T+"tel%&t-a"(ra +lo(+ &,ec"%al"&ta *a 5al$an/ t+ %e 'a &m"r" re-no&t -"car$e. Sa-%et+%e %o%/ 'a$le/ 'a,r"4-at". Dr+(" %e'no'+0no ,lan+= A$o %e T+"tel%&t-o + &tan%+ 'o$a*at" M"lo0e-"3e-

+t%eca% na -o%&$+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ nema n"$a$-a ra*lo(a 'a &e "*2ac" Sara%e-o/ %e'na o'na%'o%ml%"-"%"4 #"n%en"ca o-o( rata. Sl%e'e3" ,+t $a' 2+'emo "mal" ta$-+ ra&,ra-+/ on"3e *atra"t" 'a "*2ac"mo Sre2ren"c+ "* o,t+n"ce/ 'o2ac+%e + *na$ o#a%a %e'an o'&a-%etn"$a.

7arla 'el Ponte ,r"'r+"la &e t"m+ $o%" ra'" na &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3 + $on><erenc"%&$o%'-oran" na $ra%+ 4o'n"$a. Atmo&<era %e te0$a. Kol"$o %e mrt-"4 2"lo *a -r"%eme o,&a'e+,"tala %e #"m %e &t"(la. Cetr'e&et #et"r" m%e&eca o,&a'e/ 'e&et 4"l%a'a mrt-"4 o' $o%"44"l%a'+ ,et&to '%ece/ ,rema &l+2en"m ,o'ac"ma... Pra-n"c" t"ma *a &l+#a% M"lo0e-"3,re,or+#+%+ ra*2or"to&t " ,ra(mat"*am. Ca$ &+ ,r",rem"l" " ne$ol"$o <orm+la nam"%en%en"4+m"r"-an%+ no-"na " rta-a/ $ao ,r"m%er"ce nemamo -remena 0to na,rot"- ,r"%et"

"*a*"-an%em ne(o'o-an%a. T+"tel%"ca (ra2" 'o$+ment $o%" %e ,re' n%om " ,o#"n%e (a l"&tat".O-o %e nacrt aman'mana na o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- Rat$a Mla'"3a/ + n%o% %e ",a$ o,&a'aSara%e-a... L"&to-" $l"*e ,o' n%e*"n"m r+$ama " ona "*nena'a +*-"$ne= Ne -"'"mSara%e-o... Po(le'a%te &am" U no-o% -er*"%" o,t+n"ce ,rot"- Mla'"3a $o%+ %e 7arla 'elPonte 4t%ela ,ono-no a$t+al"*"rat" *a &l+#a% 'a $ona#no 2+'e +4-a3en/ Sara%e-o $o%e %e-o%&$a ,o' n%e(o-"m *a,o-%e'n"0t-om (+0"la " teror"*"rala tr" *"me/ *a+*"ma &amone$ol"$o re'a$a. O,&a'a 2o&an&$e ,r"%e&toln"ce &-e'ena %e na o2"#no $r0en%e ,ra-a "o2"#a%a rata. Pr"%e'lo( n"%e ,ot,"&an. Sa&tana$ %e ,re$"n+t.

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U '-a &l+#a%a $o%" o2+4-a3a%+ na%-"0e '+no&n"$e o'(o-orne *a rat + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/

'"o t+"tel%&t-a "&to'o2no ,re'lae 'a &e "*2ace ne-%ero-atne ,atn%e na $o%e %e 4ot"m"ce,r"&"l%a-ano #et"r"&to 4"l%a'a &tano-n"$a Sara%e-a/ &taln"4 meta &na%,era " &r,&$e te0$eart"l%er"%e/ talaca &tra4a/ 4la'no3e " (la'"/ rta-a $am,an%e terora ,o' nemo3n"m,o(le'om &na(a U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ na*o#n"4 + (la-nom (ra'+ *a c"%ele o,&a'e. Samo&+ '-a +*a&to,na *a,o-%e'n"$a $or,+&a &r,&$e -o%&$e $o%" %e o,$ol%a-ao Sara%e-o 'ota'a 2"la o,t+ena.!1 Po' ,erom ,ra-n"$a I7T8>a Sara%e-o $r"0om ,o,r"ma o2l"$ ,o&e2netra(e'"%e/ "*'-o%ene "* $onte$&ta/ $o%a n"%e rt-a ,ol"t"$e $o%a %e etn"#$"m #"03en%em al" "(+0en%em " 2om2ar'"ran%em o,&%e'n+t"4 (ra'o-a "mala *a c"l% ne,o-ratno ra*'-o%"t"etn"#$e *a%e'n"ce $o%e %e ,o-"%e&t ,om"%e0ala " "&,rem">%e0ala. No Sara%e-o " Sre2ren"ca2"le &+ +,ra-o '-"%e <a*e -r4+nca &r,&$o( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata + 5o&n". 5"le &+ " '-ana%o#"t"%a &"m2ola ne2r"(e *a,a'n"4 -la'a.

Sa&tanc" &+ &e n"*al". Sl%e'e3e( t%e'na eo<Tre N"ce ,ono-o ,o$+0a-a. Na-o'e3",oman%$an%e -remena &a-%et+%e 7arl" 'el Ponte ne &amo 'a o&ta-" ,o &tran" Sara%e-one(o " ,o$ol%e + Sre2ren"c"/ na%(ore $r-o,rol"3e + E+ro," o' nac"&t"#$"4 *lo#"na. T+"tel%"ca"&$a*+%e &-o%e *a,re,a0ten%e/ ,+0ta &-o%e &a-%etn"$e 'a ar(+ment"ra%+/ ,o$+0a-a +-%er"t"&-o%e *am%en"$e 'a ne 'ono&e ,rena(l%ene o'l+$e. Al" N"ce ne el" n"0ta #+t". Po',r"t"&$om "&t%ecan%a -remena $ae 'a %e &$lon ,r"4-at"t" &trate("%+ +*ora$a $o%+ *a&t+,a%+&+c". Mora &e &$ra3"-at"/ &talno &$ra3"-at" o-a% ta$o &loen &l+#a%/ mora &e &-e&t" na onona%%e'no&ta-n"%e " ,o&t"3" o&+'+ M"lo0e-"3a/ ma$ar " ,r"$r"l" '"o n%e(o-e o'(o-orno&t". T"m-"0e 0to M"lo0e-"3 +"-a ,ro'+"-at" ,rot+"&,"t"-an%e &-%e'o$a $o%" (a o,t++%+ tro0e3"ta$o &$oro ,olo-"n+ -remena 'o'"%el%eno( o,t+2".! S+c" &talno ,o*"-a%+ na re' " trae 'a

M"lo0e-"3 ne (+2" -r"%eme na ne-an"m a&,e$t"ma &-%e'o#en%a/ o,om"n%+ (a 'a ,r"%e)ena 'r+(a ,"tan%a/ al" na $ra%+ ,o,+0ta%+ ,o' "*l"$om 'a &am -o'" &-o%+ o2ran+. M"lo0e-"3/$o%" *na "&$or"&t"t" &-o% ,oloa%/ ne,re&tano +,otre2l%a-a ta$t"$+ '"-er*"%e/ +* r"*"$ 'ana%#e03e 2+'e "*-an teme. O,t+2a ",a$ mora *a-r0"t" & "*no0en%em &-o%"4 'o$a*a 'o,rol%e3a ::!.!! Da 2" ra*r"%e0"o %e'na'2+/ N"ce ne o$l"%e-a rt-o-at" Sara%e-o "Sre2ren"c+/ '-a ,o(la-l%a *a $o%a $ae 'a + n%"4 ne -%er+%e. 7arla 'el Ponte &e ,rot"-"=A$o nam me)+naro'n" &-%e'oc"/ $o%"ma M"lo0e-"3 "ona$o n"%e n"0ta (o-or"o/ n"&+&,o&o2n" 'on"%et" 'o-ol%no 'o$a*a &-o%"m &-%e'o#en%em/ ,r"2%e3" 3emo "n&"'er"ma %er on"&+ + &tan%+ + $rat$om -remen+ ra&-"%etl"t" &-e 'o$a*e $o%e &mo ,r"$+,"l". eoYre N"ce&e o'+,"re. !. o$to2ra ::. ,re'a%e &+c"ma &$ra3en" nacrt o,t+n"ce *a 5o&n+ " tra"o' n%"4 'o'atn"4 m%e&ec 'ana *a ,re'a%+ 'en"t"-ne -er*"%e/ $ol"$o m+ %e ,otre2no 'a

"*-r0" %o0 2"tn"4 &$ra3en%a. U$rat$o= tre2a m+ -remena 'a o' 7arle 'el Ponte "*n+'"*eleno &-%etlo. T+"tel%"ca ne ,o,+0ta= Pre,+&t"mo &+c"ma o'(o-orno&t *a o'+&ta%an%e o'Sara%e-a " Sre2ren"ce a$o nam ne 'a%+ ,otre2no -r"%eme 'a 'o$aemo M"lo0e-"3e-+o'(o-orno&t. . no-em2ra ona ,ot,"&+%e ,rom"%en%en+ o,t+n"c+. S+$la'no *a4t%e-+



&+'aca/ &man%en %e 2ro% o,3"na "*m"%en%en"4 etn"#$"m #"03en%em/ al" Sara%e-o " Sre2ren"ca

&+ *a'ran".!1 eneral" Stan"&la- al"3 " Dra(om"r M"lo0e-"3/ $o%" &+ %e'an *a 'r+("m 2"l" *a,o-%e'n"c"Sara%e-&$o( $or,+&a/ &+)en" &+ *a o,&a'+ (la-no( (ra'a 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne. al"3 %e o&+)en*a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" na 'o"-otn" *at-or. Dra(om"r M"lo0e-"3/ #"%" %e ,roce& o'ran ::.o#e$+%e ,re&+'+. eneral Đor)e Đ+$"3/ o'(o-oran *a lo("&t"$+/ +mro %e ,r"%e ne(o m+ %e ,o#elo&+)en%e.

! O' '-%e&to 'e-e'e&et " o&am 'ana ra&,ra-e/ ,o'"%el%en"4 na #et"r" &ata 'ne-no/ $ol"$o %etra%alo "*no0en%e c"%elo( o,t+no( &,"&a/ tr"&to 0e*'e&et &at" "&$or"&t"lo %e t+"tel%&t-o/ a o2rana'-%e&to #etr'e&et &at" + o$-"r+ ,rot+"&,"t"-an%a. M"lo0e-"3 %e +o&talom 'o2"o #etrnae&t ,re$"'ara&,ra-a *2o( *'ra-&t-en"4 ra*lo(a/ 0to #"n" 0e*'e&et 0e&t &at" ra&,ra-e.!! Ta% 3e ro$ $ona#no 2"t" ,oma$n+t 'o ,o#et$a ::B. 'a 2" &e na'o$na'"l" 'an" M"lo0e-"3e-e

2ole&t".

!



eoYre N"ce ne ,olae or+%e. U ane$&+ no-e o,t+n"ce 'o'ao %e ,"&mo +,+3eno

&+c"ma. //U &-%etl+ -remen&$o( o(ran"#en%a " *2o( 'r+("4 ra*lo(a na&tal"4 *2o(&loeno&t" o-o( ,re'meta/ mo(le 2" &e ,o$a*at" ,otre2n"ma 'o'atne ,rom%ene/ -o'e3"ra#+na o '+"n" o,t+2" $o%e &e o'no&e na Sre2ren"c+ " Sara%e-o. Zato 2" &e 'o$a*" o o-a'-a m%e&ta moral" "*-o'"t" te$ na $ra%+ ,re'&ta-l%an%a &,"&a o,t+2e. S"(+rno 3eo,t+en"$+ 2"t" $or"&no *nat" 'a ne mora o'ma4 ,r",remat" 'o$+mente $o%" &e o'no&e nao-a '-a &,"&a. T+"tel%&t-o 3e o2a-"%e&t"t" &-e &trane $ao " S+'&$o -"%e3e a$o o'l+#"'on"%et" na$na'ne "*m%ene o,t+n"ce. 7arl" 'el Ponte $o%a tra" o2%a0n%en%e eoYreN"ce %o0 %e'nom o'-ra3a 'a %e ,otre2no ,r",rem"t" %a-no mn"%en%e. L%+'" 3e 2ol%era*+m%et" $a' &e ,o-+#e Sara%e-o " Sre2ren"ca a$o "4 &e +na,r"%e' +,o*or"/ 'ome3ea-"n R+Qton. Kao ,ra-n" &a-%etn"$ + U,ra-" T+"tel%&t-a/ on &+(er"ra o2%a-l%"-an%e&l+2eno( "*-%e03a $a$o 2" &e t"&a$ +-%er"o + o,ra-'ano&t nam%era o,t+2e. Nemo(+3e

%e/ me)+t"m/ ,re' 4"l%a'ama rta-a o,ra-'at" 'a &amo *2o( ne'o&tat$a -remena Tr"2+nal o'+&ta%e o' +t-r)"-an%a "&t"ne o M"lo0e-"3e-o% o'(o-orno&t" + te '-"%ena%+,e#atl%"-"%e e,"*o'e rata + 5o&n". Ta$o)er %e nemo(+3e +-%er"t" t"&a$ 'a ar(+ment-remena moe &am *a &e2e mot"-"rat" ta$-+ o'l+$+. C"n" &e 'a to ne +*nem"r+%eeoYre-%a N"cea/ mo'a *ato 0to &+ +n+tar &amo( T+"tel%&t-a r"%et$" on" $o%" &e ,"ta%+ on%e(o-"m ,ra-"m mot"-"ma "l" o n%e(o-"m -e*ama & Fore"(n Oceom. 7arla 'el Ponte/$o%a %e +,ra-o ,o2"%e'"la + ,r-o% r+n'"/ ne tra" ,o-la#en%e ,"&ma +,+3eno( &+c"ma/ ne(o*a4t"%e-a 'a ono o&tane ,o-%erl%"-o.

Ne+&,%e4 eoYre-%a N"cea omo(+3"o %e na'-la'a-an%e ot,ora -o%n"4 anal"t"#ara. No-ao,t+2a ,rot"- Mla'"3a morala &e &la(at" & M"lo0e-"3e-om. Pot,"&ana %e "&tom ,r"l"$om.

Kao n" M"lo0e-"3/ n" ratn" -o'a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a ne ,ro(on" &e %er %e *a,o-%e'"o ,ret%erano2om2ar'"ran%e ,r"%e&toln"ce + $o%o% &e &$r"-alo ne$ol"$o to,o-a Arm"%e 5"H/ 0to &,a'a +$r0en%a ,ra-"la " o2"#a%a rata 6%e'ne o' na%la$0"4 o,t+2" na l%e&t-"c" 2ar2ar&t-a9/ ne(o+,ra-o *a $am,an%+ terora ,rot"- &ara%e-&$"4 c"-"la/ 0to %e *lo#"n ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t".

No/ eoYre N"ce ne ,o,+0ta. U 'ecem2r+ ::. T+"tel%&t-o *a-r0a-a "*no0en%e 'o$a*a+ '"%el+ o Hr-at&$o%. D"o o 5o&n" ,re'-")en %e *a &re'"n+ <e2r+ara ::!. To %e ,r"l"$a *ao-o( 5r"tanca 'a *a,o#ne no-+ o<en*"-+. Kra%em 'ecem2ra na%a-l%+%e 7arl" 'el Ponte 'a&e &,rema %o0 %e'nom tra"t" na,+0tan%e o,t+2" *a Sara%e-o. Smatra 'a ne ,o&to%e -e*e"*me)+ M"lo0e-"3a " Mla'"3a " 'a 3e 2"t" ,otre2no mno(o -remena 'a &e 'o$ae $a$o %e*lo#"ne omo(+3"la lo("&t"#$a ,ot,ora 5eo(ra'a &r,&$"m &na(ama $o%e 're Sara%e-o +o$r+en%+. Ne3emo ,o-+3" ta#$+ o,t+n"ce &amo *ato 0to nam ne'o&ta%e -remena. Nemoemo &man%"-at" *lo#"na#$+ o'(o-orno&t %e'no( o,t+en"$a *2o( -remen&$"4o(ran"#en%a/ ,ono-o m+ o'l+#no o'-ra3a -"car$a. e&nae&to( %an+ara ::!. +$on<erenc"%&$o% '-oran" na 'r+(om $at+ T+"tel%&t-a eoYre N"ce %e +,oran= Nemoemo &" 'o,+&t"t" l+$&+* 'a +tro0"mo '-a'e&et 'ana ra&,ra-e $a$o 2"&mo ,o&t"(l"

B



o&lo2a)an%e o,t+eno(a o' o,t+2" *a Sara%e-o. Pre' o,"ran%em 7arle 'el Ponte

na'o'a%e= 5+'"mo real"&t". S+c" nam ne3e 'at" -"0e -remena. A "mamo "&t" ,ro2lem &aSre2ren"com. A$o ra&,r0"mo &na(e na Sara%e-o " Sre2ren"c+/ o&la2"t 3emo #-r&te ta#$e,re'meta ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a.

la-n" o'-%etn"$ t-r'" 'a "ma -"0e 'o$a*a o2rane ne(o o,t+2e/ 'a M"lo>%e-"3 n"$a'a n"%e,ro,+&t"o ,re' me)+naro'n"m &+(o-orn"c"ma o&+'"t" o,&a'+ Sara%e-a " 'a %e + -"0ena-rata "nter-en"rao + $or"&t o2+&ta-l%an%a 2om2ar'"ran%a 2o&an&$e ,r"%e&toln"ce. N"ceo'ma4+%+3" r+$om o'2ac+%e m"&ao 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 ,re' *a,a'n"m "*a&lan"c"ma "*"(ra-aom"r"tel%a " 'a n%e(o-a &,o&o2no&t 'a ,o&t"(ne '-a'e&et#et-ero&atn" "l"#etr'e&eto&mo&atn" ,re$"' 2om2ar'"ran%a/ 2a0 na,rot"-/ ,ot-r)+%e n%e(o- &t-arn" +t%eca%na &na(e $o%e &+ o,$ol%a-ale (ra'/ 0to &$+, ,o'+'arn"4 ,o%e'"no&t" -e3 omo(+3a-a 'a

&e 'o$ae. C"n" &e 'a on ne ra*+m"%e c"n"*am o-o( ,al"$+3e $o%" "* &-o%e(a 2eo(ra'&$o(+re'a ,o-la#" $once rata ,r"$a*ano( $ao ne"*2%eno( " 2rato+2"la#$o( ,ret-ara%+3" &e,r"tom 'a ,r+a 'o2re +&l+(e me)+naro'no% *a%e'n"c" $o%a +"-a + -la&t"to% na"-no&t".

Mot"-" *a ,o-la#en%e Sara%e-a " Sre2ren"ce "* &,"&a o M"lo0e-"3+ n"&+ n" -r"%eme n"ne'o&tata$ 'o$a*a/ ne(o ,or"can%e #"n%en"ca. Nam%erno ,or"can%e on"4 $o%" &+ ,o nalo(+ne,re&tano ,ot"cal" t+ ,o(re0n+ anal"*+ 'o(a)a%a/ $o%+ %e '+(o -remena 0"r"la *a,a'na'",lomac"%a. Por"can%e "* *a'o-ol%&t-a "l" "* ne&,o&o2no&t" 'r+("4 $o%" &+ +* to ,r"&ta%al".

G



Sarajevo i Sre4reni,a3 teš(a potra*a za %o(azia

Vo%n" anal"t"#ar"/ ,o*-an" na &%e'n"c+ $ao ,o%a#an%e/ t-r'e +nato# o#"(le'no&t" 'aSara%e-o n"%e '"o c"l%e-a &m"0l%eno( ,lana + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ ne(o Pre'&ta-l%a,o&e2an ,ro%e$t & o2*"rom na to 'a &e Mla'"3e-a -o%&$a ra'"%e *a'o-ol%"la t"me 'a +(ra2"ter"tor"%e o$o (ra'a ne(o 'a (a *a+*me. Zna%+/ me)+t"m/ ,o 'o$+ment"ma $o%e,o&%e'+%+/ 'a ,o'%ela Sara%e-a &to%" me)+ 0e&t &trate0$"4 c"l%e-a 0to "4 %e Ra'o-anKara'"3 o2l"$o-ao 1. ma%a 1. ,re' S$+,0t"nom 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Po2"%a%+ $ tome*lo#"na#$+ nara- o,&a'e Sara%e-a= Mo'a %e 2"la -o%no le("t"mna *2o( ,r"%etn%e $o%+ %e,re'&ta-l%ala 2o0n%a#$a -o%&$a #"%" &e la-n" &toer nala*"o + (la-nom (ra'+. Ra&,ra-a

%e/ 'o'+0e/ Pra-n"#$a/ al" t-r'o(la-o o'2"%a &a(le'at" #"n%en"ce. H"l%a'e &ara%e-&$"4

c"-"ln"4 rta-a/ na%#e03e mete &r,&$"4 &na(a/ ta$o &+ ,ret-orene + te$ $olateralne 0tete.Um"%e0ao &e 5"ll Fen'r"$/ $ana'&$" oc"r " &tr+#n%a$ *a ratno ,ra-o= //Sara%e-o %e le(alna-o%na a$c"%a + $o%o% &+ ,o#"n%ena nele(alna '%ela.

O,t+2a %o0 ne ra&,olae 'o$+ment"ma $o%" 'o$a*+%+ &t-aran M"lo0e-">3e- +t%eca% na-o%&$+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Ka' &+ t"%e$om ::!. 'o2"-en" o-" 'o$+ment"/ ,o$a*al" &++n+tarn%e -e*e "*me)+ &r,&$e -o%&$e + 5o&n" " 5eo(ra'a. Mla'"3e-a -o%&$a + n%"ma ne,o$a*+%e &e $ao atom $o%" &e ot$"n+o o' &re'"0n%e &tr+$t+re/ ne(o $ao ,ro'+eta$2eo(ra'&$e -o%&$e/ ,r"-%e&a$ #"%" la-n" &toer " &-" n%e(o-" $a'ro-" ,r",a'a%+ (la-n"n"$o%a %e ,o' &re'"0n%om -la03+ 5eo(ra'a. Po' ,ol"t"#$om -la03+ + M"lo0e-"3e-"m r+$ama$o%"/ $a$o 3e to ,o$a*at" o-" 'o$+ment"/ <orm+l"ra &trate0$e c"l%e-e *a%e'n"#$o( ,lana. Al"

$ra%em ::. T+"tel%&t-o -e3 moe 'o$a*at" 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 &-o%"m &a-e*n"c"ma/2o&an&$"m Sr2"ma &ta-"o na ra&,ola(an%e ratn" &tro% $o%" "m %e omo(+3"o 'a ,o#"ne*lo#"ne/ ,o&e2no + Sara%e-+. Moe 'o$a*at" 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 na&ta-"o nanc"rat" ratn"na,or/ 'a-at" lo("&t"#$+ " &trate0$+ ,o'r0$+ 0al%+3" *a ,o%a#an%e -o%ne &tr+#n%a$e "

%e'"n"ce &,ec"%alne ,ol"c"%e/ &-a$" ,+t $a' &+ &na(e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a "male ,ote0$o3a +o'ra-an%+ o,&a'e "l" + +$lan%an%+ ne&r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a "* (ra'&$"4 #et-rt" $o%e 2",re0le ,o' n%"4o-+ $ontrol+. O,&a'a Sara%e-a ,re'&ta-l%a/ 'a$le/ ne'%el%"- '"o ,lana$o%em+ %e c"l% 2"o tra%no ra&ta-"t" etn"#$e *a%e'n"ce + 5o&n".

Ne$ol"$o &tr+#n%a$a t"ma ,o$+0alo %e +,o*or"t" eoYre-%a N"cea na o,a&no&t 'a &e o&la2"c%el"n+ o,t+no( &,"&a ,o-la#e3" "* n%e(a Sara%e-o. 5"t 3e te0$o +-%er"t" &+ce +M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,re&+'n+ +lo(+ + *a%e'n"#$om *lo#"na#$om ,ot4-at+ + 5o&n" 2e*

'o$a*"-an%a 'a %e &+'%elo-ao + &-"m -el"$"m eta,ama to( 'o(o-oreno( ,lana. Al" (la-n"o'-%etn"$ n"%e "4 n" #+o n"t" ,o*-ao na &a&tana$. I*a2rao %e/ na,rot"-/ o&lon"t" &e na2r"tan&$e " amer"#$e -o%ne anal"t"#are/ $o%" &+ &talno ,or"cal" &-a$+ ,o-e*ano&t "*me)+Mla'"3a " 5eo(ra'a/ "*me)+ 5eo(ra'a " Sre2ren"ce "l" Sara%e-a/ "*me)+ -o%&$e 2o&an&$"4

;



Sr2a " -o%&$e + 5eo(ra'+/ "*me)+ ,ara-o%n"4 %e'"n"ca " &re'"0n%e &r,&$e -la&t". O-" &+ &e

anal"t"#ar" (o'"nama na&to%al" &+,rot&ta-"t" &-a$ome t$o %e "*no&"o ta$-e ,ret,o&ta-$e/ "to ta$-om e&t"nom 'a %e ona ,o&ta%ala &+mn%"-om. N"&+ &e *ala(al" *a o,re*/ n"&+,ot"cal" na ,ro'+2l%en%e tra(o-a/ %e'no&ta-no &+ ,r"%e#"l". S-e 0to %e mo(lo ra&-"%etl"t" o-e-e*e o'2ac"-alo &e/ o'ra-a%+3" '+(o (o'"na T+"tel%&t-o + "l+*"%" 'a 5eo(ra' nema n"0ta& ratom + 5o&n"/ a %o0 man%e & ,o$ol%em + Sre2ren"c". Pr"$r"-a%+3" ta$o "&t"n+ $o%a &e -e3na*"rala + &-a$om 'o$a*+ &,"&a/ &+'%elo-al" &+ $a$o + M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,or"can%+/ ta$o " +onom *a,a'ne '",lomac"%e. On" &+ '+(o -remena -o'"l" "(r+.

5e* ,r"&t+,a -o%n"m &r,&$"m ar4"-"ma/ 2e* ,omo3" *a,a'n"4 -la'a $o%e o'2"%a%+ ,o'"%el"t"&-o%e &,o*na%e " l"n"%e *a,o-"%e'an%a $o%e &+ n%"4o-e o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e o'a-nore$on&tr+"rale/ T+"tel%&t-o %e 2"lo la$ ,l"%en. Vo%n" anal"t"#ar"/ o$+,l%en" + M"l"tar Anal&t

Team+/ MAT + ar(on+ Ha0$o( &+'a/ 2"l" &+ ne"*2%ean ,+t &-a$o( ,ra-n"$a "l" "&tra"tel%a$o%" el" anal"*"rat" 4"%erar4"%&$e &tr+$t+re/ &ec"rat" or(an"*ac"%&$e &4eme/ "'ent"c"rat" one$o%" nare)+%+. Kao o&%etl%"-o " *a0t"3eno m%e&to + &re'"0t+ &+'&$o( &tro%a o'ma4 ,o2+)+%ela$omo&t -el"$"4 &"la. O-a% *a'ata$/ ,re-"0e ,rec"*an " &loen 'a 2" &e ,o-%er"one"&$+&n"m o&o2l%em/ 'o'"%el%en %e &a&-"m lo("#no &tr+#n%ac"ma. Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc",o+r"l" &+ &e 'at" to -"&o$o $-al"c"rano o&o2l%e/ $o%e omo(+3a-a na'*"ran%e $a*nen"4&trate("%a "* 'al%"ne. Vo%n" anal"t"#ar"/ $o%" &+ ,ote$l" "* na%2ol%"4 o2a-%e0ta%n"4 &l+2" "o&tal" -%ern" &-o%"m -la'ama/ 2"l" &+ 2e* &+mn%e me)+ na%$om,etentn"%"m #lano-"ma I7T8>a/ al" &+ m+ nametal" ,r"&trano&t. o'"nama &+ o2e&4ra2r"-al" &-a$" ,o$+0a% ,ro(ona,ra-"4 4+0$a#a etn"#$o( #"03en%a " +t+-"l" -e3"n" + T+"tel%&t-+ 'a Mla'"3 " Kara'"3 '%el+%+na &-o%+ r+$+ " 'a &e ne moe *am"&l"t" 'o(o-orna ,ol"t"$+ 5eo(ra'a " Pala/ &%e'"0ta

&r,&$"4 e$&trem"&ta + 5o&n". Kao 'a %e &amo mrn%a ,rot"- 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana " n%"4o-a-ol%a 'a + $r-" ra&$oma'a%+ 5o&n+ ,o-e*"-ala Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a + to% (n+&no%,+&tolo-"n". Kao 'a %e to 2"lo 'o-ol%no 'a &e na ;:[ 2o&an&$o( ter"tor"%a n"ot$+'a ,o%a-"&r,&$a 'ra-a te 'a &e ,o&t"(ne ,r"$l%+#en%e mo3ne %+(o&la-en&$e -o%&$e 6VJ9 " -el"$o('"%ela &r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a + 5o&n"/ $o%e %e 5eo(ra' 2e* ,o&e2n"4 nam%era o,&$r2l%"-aoor+%em



Po&l%e'"ce o-e man",+lac"%e +a&ne &+= ,o&l"%e o&am (o'"na "&tra"-an%a/ T+"tel%&t-o %o0

::!. &+mn%a + *na#a% t"4 "n<ormac"%a/ ne +&+)+%e &e *a3" & on+ &tran+ ,r"-"'a *a $o%" %eM"lo0e-"3 ,o&tao ,ra-" ma%&tor. T+"tel%&t-o l+ta/ (+2" 'ra(oc%eno -r"%eme. A -e3 1./&amo ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" ,o&l"%e ,o#et$a rata + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ *a,a'ne -la'e -e3*na%+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 ta% $o%" -+#e $once o-e no-e $am,an%e etn"#$o( #"03en%a.Za2r"n%a-a "4 $ol"#"na *lo#"na/ n%"4o-a &+&ta-no&t " or(an"*"rano&t ta$o 'a &e ,"ta%+ ne'o(a)a l" &e (enoc"'/ 0to 2" "4/ ,rema Kon-enc"%" o &,re#a-an%+ " $an%a-an%+ *lo#"na(enoc"'a/ ,r"&"l"lo 'a &-e ,o'+*m+ 'a (a &,r"%e#e. O'%el *a anal"*"ran%e " o2a-%e0ta%n" ra'State De,artmenta "&,"t+%e &"t+ac"%+ na &-o%"m *a&lon"ma " -e3 o' ,r-"4 t%e'ana rata ,"0e"*-%e0ta%e r"%et$o -")ene ,rec"*no&t" o na,re'o-an%+ " na#"n+ o,erac"%a &r,&$"4 %e'"n"ca/ teo nam%er" 'a &"lom " na&"l%em &t-ore &r,&$+ 'ra-+ + 5o&n".!B

Za n%"4 %e r"%e# o %a&no ,lan"ranom ,roce&+ $o%" &e ,ot"#e "* 5eo(ra'a. Ne$ol"$o 'ana ,r"%e&t+,an%a na -la&t 5"lla 7l"ntona $o%" %e na #el+ 'emo$rata ,o2"%e'"o na ,re'&%e'n"#$"m"*2or"ma/ 0e< '",lomac"%e + a'm"n"&trac"%" 5+&4a 6oca9/ La?rence Ea(le2+r(er re$ao %e to&$oro -rlo ot-oreno na Me)+naro'no% $on<erenc"%" o 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" 1;. 'ecem2ra1./ $o%a &e o'ra-ala + ene-"= //S %e'ne &trane "mamo moraln+ o2a-e*+ 'a &e ,o'r+(" P+t + o-om &tol%e3+ ne "*ma$nemo $a' %e'nom naro'+ ,r"%et" ne&ta%an%e. Al""mamo " ,ol"t"#$+ o2a-e*+ %a&no +,o*or"t" naro' + Sr2"%" $a$o &e &a'a "*lae o,a&no&t" 'a'"%el" ne"*2%en+ &+'2"n+ on"4 $o%" + n%e(o-o "me "*-o'e etn"#$o #"03en%e. Sr2" mora%+'o2ro &4-at"t" 'a "4 #e$a 'r+(" Nrn2er(. Me)+ na%o'(o-orn"%"ma Ea(le2+r(er "men+%eM"lo0e-"3a/ Kara'"3a/ Mla'"3a $ao " '-o%"c+ -o'a ,ara-o%n"4 <ormac"%a "* Sr2"%e/ Ar$ana "e0el%a.

Dermot roome/ amer"#$" t+"tel% *a 2o&an&$" '"o M"lo0e-"3e-a ,re'mete/ ,r"t%e#e +,omo3 eoYre-%+ N"ce+ na &a&tan$+ 1;. %an+ara ::!. //Po-la#e3" Sara%e-o " Sre2ren"c+ne na,+0tamo n" %e'n+ ta#$+ o,t+n"ce/ &amo &man%+%emo o,&e( &re'&ta-a 'o$a*"-an%a6...9 Imamo %o0 &amo &e'am'e&et 'ana *a 'o$a*eo 5o&n". A &amo *a &,"& o Sre2ren"c" tre2a nam '-a'e&et ,et 'o tr"'e&et 'ana 6ra&,ra-eo,. a.9. Po&to%e '-a na#"na 'a ,r"&t+,"mo o-om ,"tan%+= 'o$a*at" M"lo0e-"#e-+o'(o-orno&t $ro* Mla'"3e-+/ ,re$o -o%&$e " ,re$o 'o(o-orno( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata/ a$omoemo 'o$a*at" 'a &+ + to -r"%eme/ 1G. (o'"ne/ M"lo0e-"3 " n%e(o-" &a-e*n"c" %o0+-"%e$ "mal" *a%e'n"#$" *lo#"na#$" ,lan. No ne$" &matra%+ 'a &+ 1G. 2o&an&$" Sr2"'%elo-al" 2e* ,r"&tan$a 5eo(ra'a/ ,o&e2no + &l+#a%+ &re2ren"#$o( ,o$ol%a. Moe &era*motr"t" " mo(+3no&t 'a ,o$aemo M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t 'o$a*+%+3" ,r"&+tno&t

&na(a "* Sr2"%e + -r"%eme ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ al" *a &a'a nemamo o tome n"$a$-a'o$a*a. Dermot roome %e o,re*an. Ne el" &e &+,rot&ta-"t" eo<<re%+ N"ce+. I,a$ %e/-"'%e-0" 2ro%ne ,o'+'arne "n'"c"%e/ +-%eren + ,o&to%an%e 'o$a*a $o%" ta'a ne'o&ta%+/ al"$o%e -e3 tra" " $o%e 3e na $onc+ ,r"$+,"t".



la-n" 0ta2 + 5eo(ra'+ ,o&ta-"o %e 2e* "*n"m$e &-e #a&n"$e $o%" *a+*"ma%+ ,oloa%e +

&r,&$"m &na(ama + 5o&n"/ +$l%+#ene + *a+*"man%e Sre2ren"ce " + ,o$ol%e $o%" &+ +&l"%e'"l"/" 5eo(ra' "4 na&ta-l%a ,la3at". oto-o 'e&et (o'"na MAT %e &$r"-ao t+ "n<ormac"%+&,re#a-a%+3" ta$o T+"tel%&t-o 'a &e ,"ta o ,ra-o% ,r"ro'" $ontrole $o%+ %e -r0"la &re'"0n%a-la&t + 5eo(ra'+ na' $a'ro-"ma -o%&$e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a + -r"%eme 'o(a)a%a + Sre2ren"c".O$o 'e&et (o'"na -o%n" &tr+#n%ac" T+"tel%&t-a t-r'o(la-o &+ "&$l%+#"-al" &-a$o mo(+3e&+'%elo-an%e &,ec"%aln"4 &na(a "* Sr2"%e + ,o$ol%+ "* %+la 1G. + Sre2ren"c". A-"'eo&n"m$a $o%a ,r"$a*+%e ,o(+2l%en%e 0e&t mla'"4 5o0n%a$a "* Sre2ren"ce/ $o%e %e,o#"n"la %e'"n"ca $or,"on"/ ,r"$a*ana na ,roce&+ 1. %+na ::G. &-%e'o#" +,ra-o o"*ra-nom &+'%elo-an%+ &,ec"%alaca &r2"%an&$o( M"n"&tar&t-a +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a. Al" +

%an+ar+ ::!. T+"tel%&t-o %o0 ne ra&,olae t"m 'o$a*"ma $o%" mo(+ ,re-a(n+t". T"m $o%"ra'" na &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3 mora &e *a'o-ol%"t" ,r"l"#no o(ran"#en"m &$+,om ,o'+'arn"4

,o$a*atel%a 'a 2" &e &+,rot&ta-"o

!B Po?er Samant4a/ A Pro2lem <rom Hell/ Amer"ca an' t4e A(e o< enoc"'e/Perenn"al/ Ne? 8or$/ ::!/ &tran"ce B. >!.



-o%n"m anal"t"#ar"ma " 'o$a*ao M"lo0e-"3e-+ $a*nen+ o'(o-orno&t *a (enoc"' +

Sre2ren"c". Te0$o %e 'o$a*at" M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c". Ca$ " 'a&+ ,o$ol%" 2"l" e-ent+alno ,re'-"'l%"-"/ M"lo0e-"3 n"%e ,o$a*ao ,o&e2n+ nam%er+/ 'o'a%+'r+(" ,ra-n"c" o-o(a t"ma. I *a$l%+#+%+= Pre-"0e ,ro2lema " ,remalo -remena

Peter Mc7lo&$e $o%" $oor'"n"ra &e'amnae&t ,re'meta o Sre2ren"c"!G ne -ol" 'a &en%e(o-e o,t+en"$e &,+0ta na ra*"n+ "*-r0"tel%a $o%"ma $ao mar"onetama *a,o-"%e'aM"lo0e-"3. To &la2" mo%+ &,o&o2no&t 'o$a*"-an%a $r"-n%e mo%"4 o,t+en"$a na &$ora0n%em,roce&+ o Sre2ren"c". Za amer"#$o( t+"tel%a -el"$" re'atel% (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c" %e&tMla'"3 " n"t$o 'r+(". A ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c"/ &"m2ol m+#en"0t-a 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana &amo

%e Mla'"3e- //l+)a#$" #"n= Po$ol% &e n"%e mo(ao ,re'-"'%et"/ a n"%e +-%erl%"-o 'a %eM"lo0e-"3 "mamo -la&t na' -o%&$om 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Ne ,o&to%" ,o-e*ano&t. A,&+r'no %e

t-r'"t" 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 na 2"lo $o%" na#"n +m"%e0an + ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c". Peter Mc7lo&$e&e -ara/ al" ne el" to n" ,om"&l"t"/ tol"$o &+ -o%n" anal"t"#ar" + +re'+ & $o%"ma ra'" o' ,r-"4'ana "*r"#"t"= &l+#a% ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c" ne ,rela*" (ran"ce 5o&ne. I n"&+ +-%er"l" &amo*am%en"$a/ ne(o c"%el" t"m *a'+en *a ,re'met Sre2ren"ca/ na%2ol%" t"m + T+"tel%&t-+. Uto -r"%eme T+"tel%&t-o nema %o0 + r+$ama &-e '"%elo-e &la(al"ce/ a on" $o%e "ma n"&+ %o0o*2"l%no ,o&la(an". 5ro%ne $l%+#ne "n<ormac"%e + ,o&%e'+ T+"tel%&t-a/ ,re0+3ene &+.Kat$a'a nam%erno/ $at$a'a *2o( *a&l"%e,l%eno&t". S-e *a%e'no ",a$ &+ t-or"le &$+,elemenata 'o-ol%no ,o'+'arn"4 'a &e "* n%"4 "*-+#e *a$l%+#a$ o &+'%elo-an%+ 5eo(ra'a +o,erac"%ama ,rot"- Sre2ren"ce. V"0e &-%e'o$a "n&"'era $o%e %e ,r"%e ne$ol"$o (o'"na "&,"taot"m *a Sre2ren"c+/ &,om"n%alo %e te -e*e. Je'an o' n%"4/ &r,&$" (eneral/ "&t"cao %e 'a %eM"lo0e-"3 &a*-ao + ma%+ 1G. Mla'"3a " Per"0"3a 'a ,r",rem" *a+*"man%e te en$la-e.

Je'an 'r+(" o,"&"-ao %e me4an"*me +&,o&ta-l%ene 'a ne o&tane n"$a$a- ,"&an" tra( o*a,o-"%e'"ma $o%" &e o'no&e na 'ola&$e " o'la&$e %e'"n"ca "* Sr2"%e + 5o&n+/ " 'a &e o'me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce &a$r"%e to a$t"-no " ne,re&tano &+'%elo-an%e + +&,o&ta-l%an%+etn"#$" #"&to(/ a (eo(ra<&$" $om,a$tno( &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". U$a*"-ao

%e 'a %e ,r" &-a$o% o<en*"-" ,rot"- en$la-e + Sre2ren"c" + %+l+ 1G./ a -e3 " o' 1!./5eo(ra' &lao $ao ,o%a#an%e &-o%e &,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce -o%&$e " ,ol"c"%e. Al" te &+ &-%e'o$e&+&ta-no '"&$-al"c"ral" -o%n" anal"t"#ar". Da 2" ,o2"l" #"n%en"ce $o%e &+ el%el" &a$r"t"/#lano-" MAT>a ,ro(la&"l" 2" 'a &-%e'o$ "l" ne*(o'n" '"%elo-" n%e(o-a &-%e'o#en%a n"&+-%ero'o&to%n". To %e 2"o -r4+n&$" "*(o-or 'a &e o'2ace c"%el" $oma'" ono(a 0to %e mo(lo2"t" "&t"na " 'a &e o2e&4ra2r" &-a$a 'al%n%a "&tra(a. Te ,o2"%ene "n'"c"%e n"&+ &e +no&"le +2an$+ ,o'ata$a T+"tel%&t-a/ $o%a %e &-a$om t"m+ omo(+3"-ala 'a ,omo3+ $l%+#n"4 r"%e#"

"'ent"c"ra -e3 ,o&to%e3e 'o$+mente $o%" mo(+ ,o&l+"t" + 'r+("m "&tra(ama.An(lo&a$&on&$" -o%n" anal"t"#ar" 6n"%e 2"lo <ranc+&$"49!; &-%e&no &+ " &+&ta-no ,r"$r"-al""*ra-n+ M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t *a *lo#"ne + 5o&n"/ Po&e2no + Sre2ren"c". U &l+2"&-o%"4 -la'a/ on" &+ '+(o o2l"$o-al" ra*+m"%e-an%e &,"&a $a$o &+ 4t%el" " "*2%e(a-al" 'a

:



Tr"2+nal/ &t-oren 'a ,r"$r"%e n%"4o-+ ,ol"t"#$+ nemo3/ &l+#a%no ne ot$r"%e ,o'lo&t -el"$"4

&"la *a -r"%eme rato-a + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%".

Ne%ostata( sura%nje ve&i(i' si&a

T+"tel%&t-o %e "*(+2"lo mno(o -remena *2o( +n+tarn%e &a2otae " *a'ra-an%a"n<ormac"%a 0to &+ #"n"le *a,a'ne &"le. Amer"$anc"/ 5r"tanc" " Franc+*" n"&+ ,reno&"l""n<ormac"%e $o%e &+ "mal"/ a $o%e 2" omo(+3"le 'a &e + %e'nom ma4+ ot$lon" &-a$a&+mn%a. To &+ o'2"%al" 'o &amo( $ra%a. Vel"$e &"le n"&+ t"me na&to%ale

,o0te'%et" M"lo0e-"3a. Po$+0a-ale &+ *a0t"t"t" &ame &e2e o' "&t"ne $o%+ 2" I7T8/ #a$ " 'a %en"%e tra"o/ na $onc+ "*-+$ao re$on&tr+"ra%+3" M"lo0e-"3e-o *lo#"na#$o '%elo-an%e $ro*c"%elo tra%an%e &+$o2a. O' ,r-o( #a&a *nale

35 Se'amnae&t 2o&an&$" Sr2a/ me'+ $o%"ma Kara'"3 " Mla'"3/ o,t+eno %e *a ,o$ol%e +Sre2ren"c". V"0e n%"4 &+ o2"#n" "*-r0"tel%"/ 'r+(" ,re'&ta-l%a%+ &re'n%e "l" -"0e $ar"$e + lo$alnomlanc+ *a,o-"%e'an%a.

!; M"l"tar Anal&t Team n"%e +$l%+#"-ao n" %e'no( Franc+*a/ ta$o 'a a+tor"ca ne moe (o>-or"t" oFranc+&$o%. I,a$/ ,o(re0ne te*e $o%e &+ an(lo&a$&on&$" -o%n" anal"t"#ar" ,o$+0a-al" *ametn+t"t+"tel%&t-+ I7T8>a ne ra*l"$+%+ &e n"malo o' on"4 $o%e %e 'o &a'a 2ran"o Par"*.

1



&+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 ,al"$+3a 5al$ana. I,a$ &+ o' n%e(a na,ra-"le ,o-la0teno( &+(o-orn"$a

*na%+3" 'a 3e ta$o ,+4at" + ar +m%e&to 'a (a&e -atr+.Za,a'n%a#$e o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e 0,"%+n"rale &+ '%ela " ,o$rete &r,&$e -o%&$e + 5o&n"/ a,o&e2no n%e*"n+ $om+n"$ac"%+ & 5eo(ra'om. Te "n<ormac"%e 'o$a*+%+ M"lo0e-"3e-++,leteno&t/ -"0e ne(o 0to &e "t$o na'ao. O' ::. 7arla 'el Ponte tra" o' a&4"n(tona'a %o% ,re'a &n"m$e ra*(o-ora "* ,rol%e3a 1G. Ia$o %e eoYre N"ce ne(o'o-ao/*atra"la %e o' &-o%e( -o'"tel%a Ure'a *a "&tra(e 'a ,r",rem" ta% *a4t%e-/ al" (a %eamer"#$a -la'a/ $ao " &-e &l%e'e3e/ *anemar"la. Re*+ltat= (o'"nama ,o&l"%e 'o(a)a%aSre2ren"ca &e %o0 +-"%e$ 'o"-l%a-a $ao ,o&e2an &l+#a%/ $ao l+)a#$" #"n/ + &$la'+ &-er*"%om $o%+ 2rane &-e -la'e o' 1G. To %e &a-r0ena te*a *a -el"$e &"le %er/ &+ro- $ol"$o" ne,re'-"'"-/ l+)a#$" #"n n"%e mo(+3e &,r"%e#"t".

Kra%em l%eta 1G. amer"#$a a'm"n"&trac"%a ,o&lala %e + &-o%e &l+2e 'a $r+"memoran'+m + $o%em &e ta#no na-o'" na $o%" na#"n tre2a o'(o-arat" t"&$+ o Sre2ren"c".

Ta$o amer"#$" '+no&n"c" mora%+ t-r'"t" 'a on"/ $ao n" U%e'"n%en" naro'"/ n"&+ *nal" 'a &+Sr2" ,lan"ral" o&-o%"t" en$la-+ " 'a n"&+ "mal" "n<ormac"%a o ,omac"ma tr+,a 2o&an&$"4Sr2a. O ,re'-"'"-o&t" *-%er&ta-a amer"#$" '+no&n"c" mora%+ 'o(o-arat"= N"&mo "mal"n"$a$-e "n<ormac"%e o 2"lo $a$-o% nam%er" 'a &e ,o#"ne *-%er&t-a ,rot"- m+&l"man&$"42ran"tel%a "l" ,rot"- &tano-n"0t-a Sre2ren"ce. Znal" &mo 'a ta$-a '%ela n"&+ nemo(+3a"ma%+3" na +m+ ,o-"%e&t (enoc"'a "etn"#$o( #"03en%a na 5al$an+.! U a&4"n(ton+/ Par"*+ "l" Lon'on+ ,r"#a &e n"%e m"%en%ala.Ca$ " 'e&et (o'"na ,o&l"%e t"4 'o(a)a%a/ -el"$e &"le ne ele ,r"*nat" 'a &+ "n<ormac"%e$o%"ma &+ ra&,ola(ale %a&no na%a-l%"-ale ,r"%etn%+ $o%a &e na'-"la na' m+&l"man&$"m

&tano-n"0t-om a$o en$la-a ,a'ne + r+$e Mla'"3a " n%e(o-e -o%&$e. One ne 2" mo(leo,ra-'at" 0to n"&+/ +nato# '",lomat&$"m " -o%n"m &re'&t-"ma/ ,o'+*ele n"0ta 'a &e"*2%e(n+ 'o(a)a%" $o%" &+ &e na&l+3"-al". 5e* &+mn%e n"&+ *nale 'a 3e +2"%an%e 'o3" 'o,aro$&"*ma. Al" *nale &+/ na,rot"-/ 'a Mla'"3 ne3e o$l"%e-at". S-" m+0$arc" 'o-ol%no &tar"'a no&e or+%e + mno(o &+ na-rata 2"l" &t"(mat"*"ran"/ a Mla'"3 " n%e(o-e tr+,ena%a-l%"-al" &+/ %o0 o' ne+&,%e4a + *a+*"man%+ en$la-e 1!./ -ol%+ 'a &e o&-ete/,r"%etn%+ $o%+ &+ ,ono-"l" +o#" ,o$ol%a. Vel"$e &"le &+*'rale &+ &e o' '%elo-an%a/ ,o&e2no*ra#n"m na,a'"ma/ $a$o &+ to ra'"le + 'r+("m &"t+ac"%ama $a' ra*m%er" *lo#"na n"&+ 2"l"n" +&,ore'"-"/ $ao . ma%a 1G. na$on 0to %e (ranata +2"la &e'am'e&eta$ l%+'" +&re'"0t+ T+*le. O' &tra4a 'a t"m ,ro,+&tom ne ot$r"%+ &-o%+ o'(o-orno&t/ ota'a &e&$r"-a%+ "*a to2on%e ne,re'-"'"-o&t" o-o( ,o$ol%a +nato# #"n%en"cama " me)+naro'n"m

&-%e'o#an&t-"ma $o%a &+ -e3 ta'a 'a-ala na&l+t"t" &+,rotno/ a 'ana& to 'o$a*+%+.5+'+3" 'a &+ 2"l" 2ol%e o,reml%en" o' &-o%"4 &a-e*n"$a/ Amer"$anc"ma %e na%ne+(o'n"%e +to% a<er". U to &+ -r"%eme ra&,ola(al" mo(+3no&t"ma ,r"&l+0$"-an%a/ al" " & ,et &atel"ta +,o(on+ $o%" &+ ,ro"*-o'"l" o$o ,et 4"l%a'a &l"$a 'ne-no. Pomo3n"ca 'ra-no( ta%n"$a *a



o2a-%e0ta%ne ,o&lo-e " "&tra"-an%a *a -r"%eme 7l"ntono-a man'ata To2 at" ,r"*na%e=

O-a% ne+&,%e4 n"%e 2"o ne+&,%e4 o2a-%e0ta%n"4 &,o&o2no&t". 6...9 Na0o% ,ol"t"c" etn"#$o#"03en%e n"%e 2"lo ,r"or"tet. Ka' &e o' ,o#et$a o'l+#"te 'a ne3ete o'(o-or"t" a$o &e ta$one0to 'o(o'"/ on'a &e/ naalo&t/ ta$-e &t-ar" na $ra%+ " 'o(o'e.! Mla'"3 &e ",a$*a2r"n+o *2o( rea$c"%e Za,a'a " ne *a'o-ol%a-a &e +m"r+%+3"m r"%e#"ma "* 5eo(ra'a.

Tele<on&$a ,r"&l+0$"-an%a *a -r"%eme ,o$ol%a ,o$a*+%+ 'a %e on tra"o -la&t"te $onta$te +"no*em&t-+ 'a m+ ,ot-r'e $a$o -el"$e &"le o'2"%a%+ "nter-en"rat". Me)+ n%"ma 2"o %e "

%e'an no-"nar "* 5eo(ra'a $ao " %e'an &r,&$o>amer"#$" lo2"&t M"lo0 Ko&t"3/ ,+$o-n"$amer"#$e -o%&$e + m"ro-"n"/ $o%" %e ne$a' ra'"o *a -o%n+ o2a-%e0ta%n+ &l+2+.!

! Po?er Samant4a/ na-e'eno '%elo/ &tr. B:.

! Po?er Samant4a/ "2"'./ &tr. B:. O o2a-%e0ta%n"m mo(+3no&t"ma " na'*or+/ Mom"r 5+lato-"o3/,re'&%e'n"$ 7rne ore o' 1:. 'o 1. "*%a-l%+%e + "nter-%++ o2%a-l%enom ;. a,r"la ::. +4r-at&$"m 'ne-n"m no-"nama Ve#ern%" l"&t 'a %e 1G. R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e ,o$a*ao &atel"t&$e &l"$ena $o%"ma &e -"'e $am"on">c"&terne $a$o ,rela*e "* Sr2"%e + 5o&n+/ 2+'+3" 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 t-r'"o'a ,re-o*e ml"%e$o/ Hol2roo$e m+ %e ta'a 'ao &,e$tro&$o,&$+ anal"*+ $o%a %e 'o$a*"-ala 'a %er"%e# o '"*el>(or"-+.

39 Mal"3 or'an/ lo2+&/ Za(re2/ %an+ar ::;. Pre-e'eno na en(le&$" na= 4tt,=@@&re2ren"ca

!



Rasprave se zaoštravaju

e&nae&to( %an+ara ::!. + '-oran" *a $on<erenc"%e eoYre N"ce 'o,+&t"o %e*am%en"c"ma 'a (a na,a'a%+ o$o &at -remena. Pomo3+ 'o$+menata tr+'"l" &+ &eo'-rat"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte o' M"lo0e-"3e-a ,ro(ona *a ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c". Pre' n%"4o-om

%e'no'+0no03+ #"n" &e 'a &e t+"tel%"ca ,o$ole2ala. eoYre N"ce to $or"&t" " +*"ma r"%e#=Da &+ ,ret4o'no -o)ene 'r+(e "&tra(e/ mo'a/ al" na temel%+ ono(a 0to "mamo/ to %enemo(+3e. Moral" 2"&mo to ,o-+3" o,re*no/ al" &-a$a$o ne + *a'n%" tren. Zam%en"c",ona-l%a%+= Nemate na#"na 'a 'o$aete o,t+2+ ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a *a (enoc"'/ &-" %a-n"t+"tel%" o-o( t+"tel%&t-a + to &+ +-%eren". Sara%e-o/ Sre2ren"ca/ o,t+2a *a (enoc"'= to&+ %e'"na tr" $amena &,ot"can%a + I7T8>+/ + o#"ma me)+naro'ne %a-no&t" na%%a#" &"m2ol"

ne'%elo-an%a " c"n"*ma -el"$"4 &"la na 5al$an+. Ka' %e &a&tana$ *a-r0en/ 7arla 'el Ponteo$+,l%a &-o% +re'. Ne mo(+ &e o,"rat" c"%elome t"m+/ &,"& %e + n%"4o-"m r+$ama. A$o on"o,&tr+"ra%+/ nemam 'r+(o( "*2ora ne(o o'+&tat". Al" ne3+ to ola$o o'l+#"t". Pro#"tat 3+&-e 'o$+mente $o%e %e t"m ,r"$+,"o " -"'%et 3+. Me)+t"m/ ne ra*+m"%em *a0to "m/ &e tol"$o+r"/ *a0to tol"$o na-al%+%+ 'a &e ta o'l+$a 'one&e o'ma4. Pa nema +r2e/ &-%e'oc" "l"'o$+ment" mo(+ "&$r&n+t" + &-a$o 'o2a. N"$a' &e ne *na Tre2a o&ta-"t" ot-orena -rata.Naalo&t/ ne ele &4-at"t" 'a 2" 2"lo m+'r"%e 0to %e mo(+3e '+l%e *a'rat" te ,re'mete ,o'm"0$om.

5e* Sr2"%e n"0ta &e ne 2" 'o(o'"lo/ ne 2"&mo "mal" &re'&ta-a " ne 2"&mo mo(l" rato-at"/,o'&%e3a Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ ,re'&%e'n"$ &amo,ro(la0ene Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e 'e&eto(

ma%a 1B. ,re' S$+,0t"nom 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Za,"&n"c" &a &$+,0t"n&$"4 &%e'n"ca/+4-a3en" tele<on&$" ra*(o-or"/ -o%ne nare'2e $n%"(o-o'&t-en" re("&tr" >&,"&" Slo2o'anaM"lo0e-"3a o 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" na $o%" &e 2aca 7arla 'el Ponte/ o,&en" &+. Po$a*+%+$ont"n+"tet M"lo0e-"3e-e +lo(e t"%e$om c"%elo( *lo#"na#$o( ,roce&a/ %o0 ,r"%e ,o#et$a&+$o2a. M"lo0e-"3 %e 2"o + re'o-"t+ $onta$t+ &a &-o%"m ,o+*'an"c"ma + 5o&n". Uno-em2r+ 11./ ,et m%e&ec" ,r"%e "*2"%an%a ne,r"%atel%&ta-a/ Ra'o-an Kara'"3 re'o-"too2a-%e0ta-a M"lo0e-"3a o &"t+ac"%" + Sara%e-+ " ra&,ra-l%a & n%"m o ,r",remama *ao,&a'+.B: M"lo0e-"3 -o'" *lo#"na#$" ,ro%e$t "* 5eo(ra'a/ +&,o&ta-l%a mree o,&$r2eor+%em nam"%en%ene &r,&$om &tano-n"0t-+ 5o&ne/ or(an"*"ra ,rone-%ere no-ca "* %a-n"4<on'o-a + o,3"nama 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne $o%e ,r"el%$+%+ Sr2" 'a 2" "4 +&m%era-ao +&re'"0n%+ 2la(a%n+ + Sr2"%"/ ,r",rema ,ret-aran%e %+(o&la-en&$e -o%&$e + &r,&$+ $a$o 2"

Sr2"ma + 5o&n" omo(+3"o &re'&t-a *a rato-an%e " ,re+*"man%e $ontrole na' -el"$"m'"%elom 2o&an&$o( ter"tor"%a ,o' c"%en+ &+&ta-no( "&t%er"-an%a ne&r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a.Na ta% %e na#"n ra&,ore)ena -o%&$a ,re'-")ena *a o,&a'+ Sara%e-a. Do$+ment" ,ot-r)+%+'ola*a$/ $rat$o na$on ,o#et$a rata + a,r"l+ 1./ &,ec"%aln"4 %e'"n"ca "* Sr2"%e/ 7r-en"4

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2eret$"/ %e'"n"ca e0el%a " Ar$ana/ '-o%"ce ,ara-o%n"4 -o'a "* 5eo(ra'a/ + '"%elo-e

Sara%e-a $o%" &+ o&tal" + &r,&$"m r+$ama " ('%e ,ro-o'e ,ol"t"$+ etn"#$o( #"03en%a. On",o$a*+%+ $a$o " 5eo(ra'/ *a4-al%+%+3" t"&$an%+ no-ca/ na&ta-l%a t"%e$om c"%elo( &+$o2ananc"rat" rat 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ $o%" &am" nema%+ n" nanc"%&$"4 n" lo("&t"#$"4 &re'&ta-a *ao'ra-an%e 2lo$a'e 2o&an&$e ,r"%e&toln"ce. Kao 0to nema%+ n" &re'&ta-a 'a *a're$ontrol+ na' '-%ema tre3"nama ter"tor"%a 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne $o%"4 &+ &e 'o$o,al"*a4-al%+%+3" ratnom &tro%+ $o%" "m %e 'ao M"lo0e-"3. Pro%e$t na&"lno( ra*'-a%an%a etn"#$"4*a%e'n"ca 'o(o-oren %e/ +na,r"%e' &m"0l%en " -o)en "* 5eo(ra'a.

Sl+0a%+3" ne,re&tano $a$o n%e*"n" *am%en"c" ,o2"%a%+ 'o$a*e ,r"$+,l%ene ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/7arla 'el Ponte ,o#ela %e " &ama &+mn%at" $ol"$o %e ta% &,"& #-r&t. Al" na$on 0to %e +ron"la +ta%ne -o'&t-a + 5eo(ra'+/ &4-at"la %e 'a ne &m"%e ,o,+&t"t" " el" o tome o2a-"%e&t"t" t"m.

eoYre N"ce +,ra-o %e ,olet"o + Ar+&4+/ tan*an"%&$o &%e'"0te Me)+naro'no( $a*neno(&+'a *a R+an'+ 6I7TR9/ ('%e &e ta'a/ + %an+ar+ ::!./ o'ra-ala $on<erenc"%a *am%en"$at+"tel%a. Po*"-a Dermota roomea " ot$r"-a 'a %e o-a% ,o'ra-ao te*e eoYrea N"cea'a "*2%e(ne ra&$ol +n+tar t"ma/ 0to 2" 2"lo 0tetno *a ,roce&. Amer"#$" %a-n" t+"tel%o2%a0n%a-a 'a %e -r"%eme $o%e %e o're)eno *a 'o$a*"-an%e '"%ela o 5o&n"/ +$+,no&e'am'e&et 'ana ra&,ra-e/ na"me

(enoc"'e.2lo(&,ot.com@::;@:1@c"a>tran&cr",t&>on>mla'"c.4tml.

40 Ne$"4 '-%e&to ,e'e&et ,r"&l+0$"-an"4 ra*(o-ora "*me)+ -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ " 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a"*me)+ 11. " 1./ ,re'an"4 ,roce&+ ::./ moe &e na3" na ???.'omo-"na.net.

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http://www.domovina.net/

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ne'o-ol%no/ al" 'a 'o$a*" o M"lo0e-"3e-o% o'(o-orno&t" + &,"&+ o Sara%e-+ " Sre2ren"c"

,o&to%e. Samo %a " mo% (la-n" "&tra"tel% -e3 '+(o m"&l"mo 'a &+ -o%&$a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a " %+(o&la-en&$a -o%&$a %e'na te "&ta -o%&$a. Mo(+ to 'o$a*at"/ al" 2"l" &mo ,ot,+no+&aml%en" +n+tar t"ma 6$o%" t-r'" 'a &+ te '-"%e -o%&$e o'"%el%ene " &amo&talne o,. a.9.Po&l"%e ne$ol"$o 'ana 7arla 'el Ponte/ $o%a o2na0a " <+n$c"%+ (la-no( t+"tel%a I7TR>a/&t"e + Ar+&4+. O'ma4 o2a-%e0ta-a eoYre%a N"cea o &-o%o% -ol%" 'a *a'r" Sara%e-o "Sre2ren"c+ " 'a 'o'"%el" ,o%a#an%e t"m+ $o%" ra'" na &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3 $a$o 2" na&ta-"o"&tra(+. N"ce ,r"4-a3a " o2e3a-a 'a 3e o2a-"%e&t"t" &-o%e &+ra'n"$e. Na$on ,o-rat$a +Ha( 5r"tanac &a*"-a &-o% t"m. Al" ne o2a-%e0ta-a (a o o'l+c" 7arle 'el Ponte n" o 'ola&$+,o%a#an%a. Na,rot"-/ 'a%e "m ,etnae&t 'ana 'a ,r"$+,e no-e 'o$a*e + ,r"lo( "&,+0tan%aSara%e-a " Sre2ren"ce. Na $ra%+ &a&tan$a eoYre N"ce o$om"o &e na '-o%"c+ &a-%etn"$a7arle Del Ponte= La$o -am %e '"%el"t" &a-%ete t+"tel%"c"/ re3" %o% 0to tre2a ra'"t". Al" %a &am

ta% $o%" na $ra%+ ,re+*"ma r"*"$. Zna%te 'a ne3+ &ta-"t" na $oc$+ &-o%+ re,+tac"%+ 'a 2"4*a'o-ol%"o e(o 7arle Del Ponte " 2ran"o &,"& 2e* 'o$a*a. U $+loar"ma T+"tel%&t-a ota'a3e one/ $o%" ne,re&tano +,o*ora-a%+ eoYrea N"cea " n%e(o-o o$r+en%e 'a ne &m"%+,roma0"t" "&t"n+ " 'a %e na&ta-e tra"t"/ na*"-at" *a-%eren"c"ma.

Tre3e( <e2r+ara eoYre N"ce &a*"-a ra*l"#"te &tr+#n%a$e T+"tel%&t-a ne ,r"o,3a-a%+3" "m'ne-n" re'. Na'a &e 'a 3e "4 *ate3" ne&,remne " na-e&t" "4 'a (a ,o're $a$o 2" 'o-eo7arl+ 'el Ponte + man%"n&$" ,oloa% " ,r"&"l"o %e 'a ,on"0t" &-o%+ o'l+$+ #"m &e -rat" "*Ar+&4e. Vo%n" anal"t"#ar" *a &tolom malo>2ro%n"%" &+ o' &tr+#n%a$a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+/ o'$o%"4 &+ mno(" ,o'r"%etlom "* te re("%e. On" ,r-" o&ta%+ ,o-+#en"/ o#e$+%+3" + $o%em 3e&m%er+ $ren+t" &t-ar". Pre-"0e %e #"n%en"ca $o%e +$a*+%+ na ,o&to%an%e t"%e&n"4 -e*a

"*me)+ &r,&$"4 &na(a + 5o&n" " + 5eo(ra'+ $r+"lo ,o&l%e'n%"4 t%e'ana + +re'+ 'a 2" "4,o2"%al" ,re' ta$o 0"ro$"m &$+,om &tr+#n%a$a. O-" 'r+(" &+ %e'no'+0n". Pet" $ota#/ on"$o%e &e +-"%e$ ,o*"-a 'a anal"*"ra%+ 'o$a*e $o%e &+ ,r"$+,">+ "&tra"tel%"/ al" "4 &e n"$a'a ne,"ta *a &a-%et o &trate("%ama "&tra(e/ #lano-" Lea'er&4", Re&earc4 Teama/ %e'"ne &$+,"na&tr+#n%a$a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ + T+"tel%&t-+/ +(ra2"l" &+ o-+ r"%et$+ ,r"l"$+ 'a "*ra*e&-o%e m"0l%en%e. Za n%"4 %e %e'no&ta-no ne&4-atl%"-o $a$o &e eoYre N"ce/ (la-n"o'-%etn"$ o,t+2e + &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3/ moe ,"tat" o -ano&t" ta$-a '-a &,"&a $ao 0to &+on" o Sara%e-+ " Sre2ren"c". Ta$o o$rn%"t" M"lo0e-"3e-+ o,t+n"c+ *2"l%a %e ne*am">&l"-o. To2" *na#"lo "&$r"-"t" &m"&ao M"lo0e-"3e-e o'(o-orno&t"/ +na$a*"t" '%elo. I on" m+/o&lan%a%+3" &e na #"n%en"ce/ o2%a0n%a-a%+ *a0to. eoYre N"ce %e *2+n%en n%"4o-om,ro&+'2om 2e* mo(+3no&t" ,r"(o-ora. O'l+#+%e &e ,r"4-at"t" o'l+$+ 7arle 'el Ponte/ al"

o'2"%a ,on+)ena ,o%a#an%a *2o( &tra4a 'a 3e "*(+2"t" $ontrol+ na' Dermotomroomeom " -o)en%em '"%ela o 5o&n"/ + &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3.

S,"&" o Sre2ren"c" " Sara%e-+/ ,o&l"%e m+#no( nate*an%a/ $ona#no &+ *a'ran". Al" eoYreN"ce ,r"4-at"o %e to ,rot"- &-o%e -ol%e/ no on %e ta% $o%" &-a$o'ne-no +,ra-l%a ,roce&om/ a

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ne 7arla 'el Ponte. U tren+t$+ $a' *a,o#"n%e ,re'&ta-l%an%e ,o&l%e'n%e( '"%ela o,t+n"ce/

'o$a*a o,t+2e o 5o&n"/ T+"tel%&t-o %o0 n"%e +t-r'"lo %a&n+ &trate("%+. S,"& o Ko&o-+/ $o%" %e -e3 ,r" ot-aran%+ ,r"$a*ao $ana'&$" 'ra-n" t+"tel% D"r$ Rene-el'/ n"%e ,re'&ta-l%ao,ro2lem $a'a %e r"%e# o M"lo0e-"3e-o% +lo*" + ,o$ol%+ o$o 'e&et 4"l%a'a Al2anaca " 'e>,ortac"%" %o0 n%"4 o$o o&am &tot"na 4"l%a'a %er %e '%elo-ao + o$-"r+ 'ra-e $o%om %e,re'&%e'a-ao. S,"& 6Pre'met9 o Hr-at&$o%/ ,o' '"r"(ent&$om ,al"com n%ema#$e 'ra-net+"tel%"ce H"l'e(ar' Uert*>Ret*laY ,o$a*ao %e + #etr'e&et 'ana ra&,ra-e/ *a4-al%+%+3"'o$+ment"ma " naro#"to &-%e'o#en%+ ,o$a%n"$a/ $ao 0to %e M"lan 5a2"3/ 'a &+ ,o$ol%" "'e,ortac"%e 2"l" nar+#"-an" " -o'en" "* 5eo(ra'a. Me)+t"m/ $a$o 3e na ra&,ra-" re3" 5a2"3/2"-0" nac"onal"&t"#$" -o)a Sr2a + Hr-at&$o%/ $o%" &e 2ran"o ,r"*na-0" $r"-n%+ *a *lo#"ne,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" $ao " &-o%+ +lo(+ + $am,an%" etn"#$o( #"03en%a + Hr-at&$o%= 5eo(ra'/to %e M"lo0e-"3. Ta$o &e ,o$a*alo 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 ,ra-" (o&,o'ar %+(o&la-en&$e -o%&$e$o%+ %e ,reo2rat"o + -o%&$+ + &l+2" &r,&$o( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata/ (o&,o'ar ,ol"c"%&$"4&na(a Sr2"%e/ ,ara-o%n"4 &$+,"na " lo$aln"4 &r,&$"4 -la&t" $o%e &+ *a%e'n"#$" -o'"le$am,an%+ terora & c"l%em "&t%er"-an%a ne&r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a & ter"tor"%a $o%e &+ el%ele,r"$l%+#"t" &r,&$o% 'ra-". T+"tel%&t-+ %e o&talo %o0 &amo 'a na&ta-" 'o$a*"-an%e o 5o&n"/'r+(o% o' tr" <a*e "&te *lo#"na#$e ,ol"t"$e/ -o'ene &m"0l%en"m ,lanom " ,one$a'*a%e'n"#$"m &+'"on"c"ma " &l"#n"m/ o'no&no "&t"m na#"nom '%elo-an%a. Al" eoYre- N"ce "Dermot roome ne &la+ &e + tome $o%+ &trate("%+ tre2a &l"%e'"t".



5r"tanac nam%era-a 'o$a*"-at" neo&,oran M"lo0e-"3e- +t%eca% na a$tere o-e no-e eta,e

etn"#$o( #"03en%a %er "m 0al%e ,omo3 ,otre2n+ *a na&ta-a$ n%"4o-"4 ,lano-a. Amer"$anacel" 'o$a*at" 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 -el"$" $olo-o)a ,ol"t"$e etn"#$o( #"03en%a + 5o&n"/ $ao " naKo&o-+ " + Hr-at&$o%. Za %e'no(a %e -el"$" r"*n"#ar $o%" +t%e#e na &-o%e &a-e*n"$e/ al" "4 ne$ontrol"ra +-"%e$. Za 'r+(o(a on %e mo*a$ 2e* $o%e(a &e ne 2" 'o(o'"la n" %e'na e,"*o'a-el"$e 2o&an&$e tra(e'"%e. D-a *am%en"$a 'ra-no( t+"tel%a/ $o%" 3e &e "*m%en%"-at" ,r""&,"t"-an%+ &-%e'o$a/ &,rema%+ &e + <e2r+ar+ ::!. ne+&$la)en" $ren+t" na ra&,ra-+2ran"t" *a'n%" '"o o,t+n"ce. U t"m +-%et"ma &+)en%e moe ,roma0"t" "&t"n+ $o%o% &-a$"&+'&$" ,o&t+,a$ te"/ "&t"n+/ *a $o%+ n" -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ n" *a,a'n%ac" ne ele 'a 2+'e"*loena na &-%etlo 'ana.

) tra*anju za nepo4itni %o(azia3 zapisni( Vr'ovno* savjeta o4rane Ju*os&avije56

Nalaen%e no-"4 #"n%en"#n"4 'o$a*a omo(+3"t 3e o,t+2" 'a &,a&" &-o% +lo(. Dat 3e %o% no'a ,re&"%e#e " 'one&e o'l+$+ "*me)+ '-"%+ "nter,retac"%a t+"tel%&$o( &,"&a $o%" -e3,o&%e'+%e. R"%e# %e o or"("nalnom *a,"&n"$+ &%e'n"ca na na%-"0o% ra*"n" + 5eo(ra'+/ al" " o&-%e'o#en%"ma -"0e ,o$a%n"$a. Ve3 &$oro (o'"n+ 'ana eoYre N"ce -o'" o(or#en+ 2or2+.Po$+0a-a &e 'o$o,at" *a,"&n"$a "l" "*-%e0ta%a &a &%e'n"ca Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9M"lo0e-"3e-e $rn%e J+(o&la-"%e. To %e or(an + $o%em+ *a&%e'a ,re'&%e'n"$ &a-e*ne -la'e/

,re'&%e'n"c" '-"%+ <e'eraln"4 re,+2l"$a/ Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/ $ao " *a,o-%e'n"$ Vo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e.B Al" 5eo(ra' &e o'+,"re +nato# o2a-e*" &+ra)"-an%a & I7>T8>em %er t" ar4"-"&a're na%o#"t"%e 'o$a*e +lo(e M"lo0e-"3a " &r,&$o( -o'&t-a + rato-"ma + Hr-at&$o% "5o&n". Da 2" &e "*-+$la "* &l"%e,e +l"ce ,r"%e $ra%a <a*e o,t+2e + ,roce&+/ 7arla 'el Ponte&e + ,"&m+ +,+3enom ,o#et$om ma%a ::!. m"n"&tr+ -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a oran+S-"lano-"3+ o2a-e*+%e 'a &e ne3e ,rot"-"t" e-ent+alnom *a4t%e-+ 'a &e ne$" '"%elo-"ar4"-a ne 'a%+ + %a-no&t a$o *a0t"tne m%ere $o%e tra" 5eo(ra' o&tan+ ra*+mne "&+$la'ne ,ra-"ln"$+ I7T8>a. Po'ra*+m"%e-a &e 'a &e/ + "ntere&+ tran&,arentno&t",roce&a/ ta$-e m%ere ,r"m%en%+%+ &amo + "*n"mn"m o$olno&t"ma " na o(ran"#ene'"%elo-e/ ,"0e ta'a t+"tel%"ca. Clana$ GB. 2"& 6F9 Pra-"ln"$a Tr"2+nala o ,o&t+,$+ "'o$a*"ma o-la03+%e/ na"me/ 'ra-e 'a *atrae *a0t"tne m%ere na' 'o$+ment"ma "l"

+lomc"ma 'o$+menata #"%e 2" 0"ren%e 'o-elo + o,a&no&t n%"4o-e "ntere&e nac"onalne&"(+rno&t". 5eo(ra'/ +m"ren ,"&mom 7arle 'el Ponte/ ra'" +&t+,a$ $ra%em ma%a ::!.

Je'nom &tr+#n%a$+ T+"tel%&t-a I7T8>a o'o2reno %e 'a 'o)e '-a 'ana ,re(le'a-at" "*2or "*ar4"-a Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9. No ne &m"%e n"0ta $o,"rat"/ moe &amo ,ra-"t"



2"l%e0$e. 5eo(ra'/ $o%" n"%e +4"t"o n" Mla'"3a n" 'r+(e 2%e(+nce/ " $o%" &e o(l+0"o o nare'2e

&+'aca 'a t+"tel%&t-+ ,re'a 'o$+mente/ &tra4+%e 'a V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'ane ,re+*me $a*nen" ,ro(on " ne ,ro*o-e 5eo(ra' *2o( $r0en%a *a$on&$"4 o2a-e*a.Unato# 'ra$on&$"m +-%et"ma n%e(o-e m"&"%e/ &tr+#n%a$ %e +&,"o +t-r'"t" -ano&t'o$+menata $o%"ma 5eo(ra' ,r"%e#" ,r"&t+, -e3 &$oro '-"%e (o'"ne= on" &a're $l%+# &-"4*a(onet$". M"lo0e-"3 n"%e 2"o &amo &+a+tor &mrtono&no( ,lana etn"#$o( #"03en%a "ar4"te$t rata/ on %e 'o $ra%a " n%"4o- (la-n" ra-natel%. Pot-r)+%+3" &-%e'o#en%e ne$"4,o$a%n"$a/ 'o$+ment" %a&no Po$a*+%+ ,o're)eno&t &r,&$"4 -o'a + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o% "n%"4o-e -o%&$e -la&t"ma + 5eo(ra'+. Ot$r"-a%+ 'o ta'a ne&l+3eno ,o&to%an%e '-"%+ &l+2"+n+tar eneral0ta2a + 5eo(ra'+. St-orene 1G. no-em2ra 1!. 'e$retom $o%" %e o&taota%an/ te &+ '-"%e &l+2e *a'+ene +,ra-l%at" o&o2l%em " <on'o-"ma $o%e %e 5eo(ra' &ta-"ona

ra&,ola(an%e -o%&$ama + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n".B! Ar4"-" Vr4o-no( &a-%etao2rane 6VSO9 ot$r"-a%+ "

B1 Ra'" &e/ *a,ra-o/ o Vr4o-nom &a-et+ o'2rane J+(o&la-"%e 6VSOJ9/ $o%" o-'%e $ao " + o&tat$+$n%"(e/ 'ono&"mo + o2l"$+ Vr4o-n" &a-%et o2rane 6VSO9. 6o,. +r9

B Za c"%elo -r"%eme rata/ $a' &e J+(o&la-"%a -e3 ra&,ala/ M"lo0e-"3 %e el"o *a'rat" na*"- J+(o&la-"%a *a 'ra-+ $o%+ &+ &a#"n%a-ale Sr2"%a " 7rna ora. Po&l"%e n%e(o-a ,a'a + o$to2r+ :::.no-e -la&t" ,rom"%en"le &+ "me + Sr2"%a " 7rna ora 'o o'-a%an%a 7rne ore + ,rol%e3e ::G. B! To&+ !:. " B:. Ka'ro-&$" centar eneral0ta2a Vo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e. !:. centar/ *a'+en *a -o%&$+2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ omo(+3"-ao %e 'a &e +#"n$o-"t"%e +,ra-l%a & m"l"ona e+ra $o%e %e 5eo(ra'(o'"0n%e 'o*na#"-ao Mla'"3e-"m tr+,ama *a ,la3e o' 1. (o'"ne/ " to &-e 'o 1G.



M"lo0e-"3e-a nare)en%a 'a &e $or"&t" t"&$an%e no-ca *a nanc"ran%e rata $a$o 2" ,omo3

$o%+ 'a%e ,r"$r"o -"4orom "n\ac"%e 3"%" 3e ra*m%er" +&$oro ,rema0"t" 'o ta'a ne'o&e(n+t+"n\ac"%+ $rat$otra%ne e"mar&$e Re,+2l"$e. Nate*an%e "*me)+ t+"tel%"ce " '"%ela t"ma*a'+eno( *a M"lo0e-"3e- $a*nen" ,ro(on/ &a' %e &amo r+na +&,omena. Do$+ment"Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 #"n" &e 'a &+ +-%er"l" #a$ " one +n+tar t+"tel%&t-a $o%" &+&e na%-"0e o,"ral".Da 2" 'o$a*alo "*ra-n+ +m"%e0ano&t &r,&$e 'ra-e " n%e*"na 0e<a + rat " *lo#"ne + 5o&n"/

T+"tel%&t-o mora 2e*+-%etno ,re'&ta-"t" 'o$a*e na S+'+. Na *a4t%e- T+"tel%&t-a &+c" &+!:. %+la ::!. o2no-"l" nalo( 5eo(ra'+ 'a ,re'a *a,"&n"$e. 5eo(ra' &e o'ma4&+,rot&ta-l%a to% o'l+c" " &re'"nom o$to2ra +&,"%e-a nametn+t" *a0t"tne m%ere na''o$+ment"ma na %e'nom ro#"0t+ eQ>,arte + #et"r" o$a "*me)+ &+'aca " ,re'&ta-n"$a&r,&$e 'ra-e/ + o'&+tno&t" &trana + ,o&t+,$+. U$rat$o/ $a$o 2" &,r"%e#"la 'a te ne*(o'ne"&t"ne 2+'+ "*loene na &-%etlo 'ana/ Sr2"%a %e +-%er"la S+'&$o -"%e3e *a'+eno *a &l+#a%M"lo0e-"3 'a %o% o'o2r" o(ran"#a-an%e +,otre2e t"4 'o$+menata &amo na M"lo0e-"3e-,roce& " 'a *a2ran" 0"ren%e '"%elo-a $o%" %e na%-"0e $om,rom"t"ra%+/ ne &amo + %a-no&t"ne(o " &-a$o% &+'&$o% "n&tanc" o&"m I7T8>a. S+c" &e ta$o mo(+ o&lan%at" na c%el"n+,re'an"4 'o$+menata + o're)"-an%+ M"lo0e-"3e-e $r"-n%e/ al" ne3e mo3" + %a-no% -er*"%"&-o%e ,re&+'e na-o'"t" +lom$e $o%" &e " 'al%e -o'e $ao ,o-%erl%"-".5eo(ra' %e +&,"o 'o2"t" ,arn"c+ ,o*"-a%+3" &e na -"taln" nac"onaln" "ntere& &r,&$e'ra-e. Pra-"ln"$/ me)+t"m/ ,re'-")a 'a &e ta$-a m%era o'o2r" &amo ra'" *a0t"te"n<ormac"%a $o%e 2" mo(le 'o-e&t" + o,a&no&t &"(+rno&t 'ra-e. U t"m +-%et"ma 7arla 'elPonte ne o&%e3a &e -"0e -e*anom &-o%"m ,"&men"m o2e3an%em "* ma%a= t+"tel%&t-oo'l+#+%e o&,or"t" t+ o'l+$+ " tra" 'a (a &+c" &a&l+0a%+. 5e* +&,%e4a. U %e&en ::!.

T+"tel%&t-o ne *na n"0ta o &r,&$"m ar(+ment"ma " mot"-"ma o'l+$e S+'&$o( -"%e3a/ $o%"

&+ na *a4t%e- 5eo(ra'a o&tal" ,o-%erl%"-". Ot$r"t 3e "4 te$ + %an+ar+ ::B. $a' ,o$+0a,o*-at" na &-%e'o#en%e %e'no( o' &+'"on"$a &a&tana$a Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9. BB

Do$a" ,o'-r(n+t" cen*+r" t"#+ &e nanc"%&$e " lo("&t"#$e ,ot,ore $o%+ %e M"lo0e-"3e-aSr2"%a ,r+ala &r,&$"m &na(ama + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%/ &t-arne M"lo0e-"3e-e -la&t" na' t"m&na(ama " na' lo$aln"m ,ol"t"#$"m -o'ama/ -o%a#en%a &r,&$"4 ,la3en"$a na -an%&$"m<rontama/ "&,late ,la3a oc"r"ma -o%&$e "* 5eo(ra'a $o%" &+ &l+"l" + &r,&$o% -o%&c" +Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n"/ te m%era ,re'loen"4 *a $r0en%e em2ar(a $a$o 2" &e na&ta-"lo ,r+at"*natn+ lo("&t"#$+ ,o>mo3 &r,&$"m &na(ama + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%. Za mno(e l%+'e + re("%"to n"%e n"$a$-a ta%na. No &-e to ,ot-r)eno + 'ra-n"m ar4"-"ma omo(+3a-a 'a &e "*-an&-a$e ra*+mne &+mn%e/ (la-no( $r"ter"%a 'o$a*a + an(lo&a$&on&$om ,ra-+/ 'o$ae(olema o'(o-orno&t M"lo0e-"3a " n%e(o-e 'ra-e *a rat " *lo#"ne + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n". Jer

Vr4o-n" &a-%et o2rane 6VSO9/ *a'+en 'a o're'" &trate0$e 'ra-ne c"l%e-e/ &+'%elo-ao %e+ ,r",rem" " "*-o)en%+ 'o(o-oreno( ,lana " <orm+l"rao '"re$t"-e $o%e %e M"lo0e-"3 *at"m,re2ac"o na le)a &r,&$"4 -la&t" + 5o&n" na' $o%"ma %e "mao &t-arn+ $ontrol+. A te &+ -la&t"+,ra-o " +&,o&ta-l%ene + 5o&n" 'a 2+'+ ,ara-an " ot$lone &-a$+ o'(o-orno&t &a

:



&re'"0n%e &r,&$e 'ra-e " n%e*"n"4 +,ra-l%a#a + $am,an%" etn"#$o( #"03en%a $o%a &e -o'"la

"*-an n%e*"n"4 (ran"ca. 5eo(ra' 4o3e ,o' &-a$+ c"%en+ &a#+-at" o-+ lan+ o,lat+ 'a 2""*2%e(ao ,la3an%e m"l"ona 'olara ratne o'0tete &-o%"m &+&%e'"ma. o'"ne 1!. 5o&na "Herce(o-"na " Hr-at&$a ,o'n"%ele &+ t+2+ *a a(re&"%+ " (enoc"' ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3e-eSr2"%e ,re' Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e 6I7J9/ %e'n+ 'r+(+ me)+naro'n+ &+'&$+ "n&tanc+&m%e0ten+ + Ha(+/ #"%" man'at n"%e &+)en%e ,o%e'"nc"ma/ ne(o re(+l"ran%e &,oro-a me)+'ra-ama. Da %e &r,&$a 'ra-a ,ro(la0ena $r"-om/ no-e -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ morale 2",re+*et" o'(o-orno&t. O'atle n%"4o-a -ol%a *a &,r%e#a-an%em $or"0ten%a ar4"-a Vr4o-no(&a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 ,re' Me)+naro'n"m &+'om ,ra-'e. O'atle " n%"4o-a -ol%a *a"*2ac"-an%em '"%elo-a $o%" %e na%-"0e $om,rom"t"ra%+ " ta$o &a$r"%+ "n<ormac"%e o' o,3e("ntere&a/ $o%e ,r"'ono&e ra&-%etl%a-an%+ &+$o2a " #"%e ne0"ren%e ometa ra' ,ra-o&+)a "traen%e "&t"ne.

BB Vr4o-n" &a-%et o2rane 6VSO9 Sa-e*ne Re,+2l"$e J+(o&la-"%e &a&ta-l%ene o' Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/&t-oren . a,r"la 1./ &a&tao &e &e'am'e&et " #et"r" ,+ta "*me)+ &re'"ne %+na 1. " &re'"nemarta 1./ o' #e(a ,e'e&et " &e'am ,+ta *a -r"%eme rata + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" M"lo0e-"3 %e %e'"n" o' &-"4 &+'"on"$a $o%" %e 2"o ,r"&+tan na &-a &e'am'e&et " #et"r" &a&tan$a. 5eo(ra' n"%e,re'ao t+"tel%&t-+ I7T8>a *a,"&n"$e &-"4 *atraen"4 &%e'n"ca. Po nalo(+ &+'"on"$a n"&+ &e ,ra-"len"$a$-e &teno(ra<&$e 2"l%e0$e &e'amnae&t &%e'n"ca o' $o%"4 &e 'e-et o' no&" na 1G. " ra*'o2l%e$o%e %e ,ret4o'"lo " &l"%e'"lo na$on ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c". T+"tel%&t-o &e moralo *a'o-ol%"t" &l+2en"m"*-%e0ta%"ma ,re'an"m ar4"-+ VSO>a/ $o%"ma ,one$a' ne'o&ta%+ ne$e &tran"ce.

1



Sr,&$" '+no&n"c" " &am" &+ +-%eren" 'a ar4"-" Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 mo(+

'o-e&t" 'o o&+'e Sr2"%e *a (enoc"'. C"n" &e 'a ne el"te ra*+m%et" ,ol"t"#$" $onte$&t +$o%em &e nala*"mo/ "&t"cao %e !. o$to2ra ::!. o>ran S-"lano-"3/ &r2"%an&$" m"n"&tar-an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a + +re'+ 7arle 'el Ponte. I ,rec"*"rao %e= A$o -am ,omo(nemo 'a,o&t"(nete M"lo0e-"3e-+ o&+'+ *a (enoc"'/ " na0a 3e 'ra-a ,re' Me)+naro'n"m &+'om,ra-'e 2"t" o&+)ena *a (enoc"' " morat 3emo ,lat"t" m"l"%ar'e o'0tete 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". Ht%el" 2"&mo & 5o&nom ,re(o-arat" o ,o-la#en%+ t+2e/ al" *a to 2" tre2alor"%e0"t" Mla'"3e-o ,"tan%e 6n%e(o-o +4"3en%e o,. a.9. C"m &e to r"%e0"/ &t-ar" 3e "3"na2ol%e.BG

5eo(ra' t-r'" 'a ,ra-'a " "&t"na 0tete &ta2"lno&t" re("%e " 'a '%el+%+ ,rot"- m"ra. V"taln"nac"onaln" "ntere& *eml%e/ na-e'en ,re' I7T8>em %e&t 'a$le/ &$r"-at" ,re' Me)+naro'n"m

&+'om ,ra-'e 6I7J9 &-e "n<ormac"%e $o%e %e o,t++%+ %er 2" o&+'a *a (enoc"' ,ro'+2"la %a* "*me)+ Dra-ne Za%e'n"ce Sr2"%e " 7rne ore " 5o&ne/ al" " "*me)+ '-a &a&ta-naent"teta 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne/ 0to 2" mo(lo 'o-e&t" 'o o,3e ne&ta2"lno&t" + re("%" " 'oel%e *a o&-etom Mno("/ na"me/ &tra4+%+ 'a o&-%etl%a-a%+3" ,ro0lo&t " &t"(mat"*"ra%+3",ol"t"$+ $o%a %e *lo#"n +#"n"la &+&ta-om " &ta-"la mo3 &r,&$e 'ra-e + &l+2+ ,ro%e$ta &(enoc"'n"m nam%erama/ me)+naro'n" ,ra-o&+'n" or(an" ne ,ota$n+ na re-"*"%+De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma. M"r ,ot,"&an 1G. 2la(o&lo-"o %e re*+ltate etn"#$o( #"03en%a+#"n"-0" 5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+ &la2om %e'"n&t-enom 'ra-om/ ,o'"%el%enom + '-ao'-o%ena ,ol"t"#$a ent"teta $o%" n"&+ ,o&to%al" ,r"%e &+$o2a= na 4r-at&$o>2o0n%a#$+<e'erac"%+ " Re,+2l"$+ Sr,&$+/ +&,o&ta-l%en+ na ,o'r+#%"ma na $o%"ma %e "-%ela %a$a2o0n%a#$a *a%e'n"ca/ al" 'ana& &l+2eno na n%"ma "-" (oto-o &amo &r,&$o &tano-n"0t-o.

5ro%n" Sr2" 2o%e &e ,on"0ten%a o-e ,o'%ele nametn+te + $r-" " ,o-rat$a na 5o&n+ "Herce(o-"n+/ %e'n+ " ne'%el%"-+/ $a$-a %e 2"la ,r"%e &+$o2a/ + $o%o% &+ etn"#$e *a%e'n"ce"-%ele +&$o ,om"%e0ane.

T+"tel%&t-o ne ra*+m"%e *a0to &+c" I7T8>a ,oma+ %e'no% 'ra-" 'a +&$rat" &,o*na%+'o$a*a %e'no% 'r+(o% me)+naro'no% &+'&$o% "n&tanc" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ Me)+naro'nom&+'+ ,ra-'e 6I7J9/ $a$o 2" (a &,r"%e#"o 'a o'l+#+%e na temel%+ #"n%en"ca " 'a "*re$nee-ent+aln+ o&+'+. T"m -"0e 0to Pra-"ln"$ o ,o&t+,$+ " 'o$a*"ma I7T8>a ne 'o,+0ta&+c"ma o're)"-an%e *a0t"tne m%ere &amo *ato 'a &e ,re' 'r+("m &+'om &a$r"%eo'(o-orno&t ne$e 'ra-e. Ca$ &e " V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a + Re*ol+c"%" "* 1!./ ono% $o%om &e o&n"-a Tr"2+nal/ ,o2r"n+lo %a&no "&ta$n+t" + Clan$+ 'a 3e &e*a'ata$ &+'a "&,+n%a-at" ne $rn%e3" ,ra-o rta-a 'a o'(o-ara%+3"m ,+tem trae o'0tete*a 0tete na&tale $r0en%em me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a. T+"tel%&t-o &e #+'" 'ame)+naro'na $a*nena "n&tanca $ao 0to %e I7T8 ,o,+0ta ,re' *a4t%e-"ma %e'ne 'ra-e "o(ran"#a-a +,otre2+ 'o$a*a $o%" &+ m+ ,re'an" %er ,o&ta-l%a ,"tan%e o'(o-orno&t",o%e'"naca "l" "n&t"t+c"%a *a *lo#"ne *a $o%e 2" rt-e "male ,ra-o ne &amo tra"t" ne(o "



'o2"t" o'0tet+ ,re' 2"lo $o%"m ,ra-o&+)em na'len"m *a ta ,"tan%a. I ,r"m%e3+%e= Ta% %e

ar(+ment o#"to a,&+r'an/ " to t"m -"0e 0to %e 5eo(ra' -"0e ,+ta "&t"cao 2a&no&lo-ne&-ote $o%e 2" 2"o ,r"&"l%en ,la3at" + "me t"4 o'0teta. Al" S+'&$o -"%e3e I7T8>a/ *a'+eno *aM"lo0e-"3e- &l+#a%/ to %e *anemar"-alo ,+0ta%+3" 'a (a 5eo(ra' +-%er" 'a 2" o&+'aMe)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e 6I7J9 +(ro*"la me)+naro'n" ,oloa% Sr2"%e/ " nan"%elane,o,ra-l%"-e 0tete *eml%" #"%e %e (o&,o'ar&t-o -e3 +n"0teno. Pr"4-at"lo %e ar(+ment5eo(ra'a ,rema $o%em+ 2" o2%a-a c%el"ne ar4"-a &,r"%e#"la ,ono-no +&,o&ta-l%an%e "o'ra-an%e m"ra ,r"*na%+3" -e3 &am"m t"me -ano&t o-"4 'o$+menata. 5r"tan&$" &+'acR"c4ar' Ma/ %ama%#$" Patr"c$ Ro2"n&on " %+no$ore%&$" O>on K?on 'al" &+ ,re'no&t,ret,o&ta-l%eno% &ta2"lno&t" *eml%e ,re' "ntere&om ,ra-'e " "&t"ne/ " ta$o ,o'le(l" $l%+#no%r"%e#" + me)+naro'n"m o'no&"ma. T"me &+ ,o&tal" &+'"on"c"ma + la"/ 4"ne3" 'a ne *na%+'a %e -"taln" nac"onaln" "ntere& -e3 ,r"*"-an *a o,ra-'an%e *lo#"na *a $o%e &+ &a'a

*a'+en" &+'"t". O'2"l" &+ tra"t" 'r+(a m"0l%en%a " +&,ore'"t" ar(+mente &r,&$"4 -la&t" &on"ma o,t+2e "l" o2rane. Kao " t+"tel%"ma/ &+c"ma %e (la-n" *a'ata$ 2"o ot$r"t"/ $ol"$o %emo(+3e/ #"n%en"ce $o%e ra&-%etl%a-a%+ na%(ora *-%er&t-a ,o#"n%ena + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%".Do$+ment"

45 Sara%e-o n"%e o'+&talo o' &-o%e t+2e +nato# "nter-enc"%" Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e + $or"&t*a4t%e-a 5eo(ra'a. Sl+#a% %e ,retre&an ,o#et$om ::;. S+c" Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'en"&+ 4t%el" tra"t" o' 5eo(ra'a 'a ,re'a 'o$+mente Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane. Na &+)en%+;. <e2r+ara ::. "*re#ena %e ,re&+'a $o%om %e o'2"%en *a4t%e- 5o&ne " Herce(o-"neSr2"%a n"%e ,ro(la0ena o'(o-ornom *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ al" %e o&+)ena %er/ &-o%"mo'2"%an%em 'a +4"t" Rat$a Mla'"3a " Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a/ n"%e "*-r0"la &-o%+ o2a-e*+ 'a

(a &,r"%e#" n" 'a $a*n" $r"-ce.

!



VSO>a +la*e + ta% ,r"or"tet " n"&+ &m%el" 'o2"t" n"$a$-e ola$0"ce ,r" o're)"-an%+ *a0t"tn"4

m%era. T+"tel%&t-o %e + -"0e na-rata ,o$+0alo ,o&t"3" ,on"0ten%e o-e o'l+$e/ al" &+c" 2lo$"ra%+&-a$+ mol2+ *a +la(an%em ,r"*"-a. Kra%em &e,tem2ra ::G. ,r+a &e no-a ,r"l"$a.5eo(ra'+/ $o%" " 'al%e *a4t"%e-a *a0t"tne m%ere na' &-"m 'o$+ment"ma $o%"ma &e moe+t-r'"t" -la&t Sr2"%e na' &-o%"m ,o+*'an"c"ma + 5o&n"/ Pr"*"-no -"%e3e o'o2r"lo %eneo2%a-l%"-an%e ne$"4 '"%elo-a o&o2n"4 -o%n"4 ,o'ata$a -"0e -"&o$"4 #a&n"$ -o%&$e2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ me)+ $o%"ma " Rat$a Mla'"3a/ #"me &e/ na$on n%e(o-a +na,re)en%a/,ot-r)+%e 'a %e -o%n" *a,o-%e'n"$ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 'o"&ta *a -r"%eme rata ,ot,a'ao ,o'-r4o-no *a,o-%e'n"0t-o + 5eo(ra'+. Jer n"%e Kara'"3/ ,ol"t"#$" -o)a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ne(o L"l"3/ ,re'&%e'n"$ &r,&$o>crno(or&$e 'ra-e/ ta% $o%" o'l+$om VSO>a 'o'a%e %e'n+

(eneral&$+ *-"%e*'+ Rat$+ Mla'"3+ 'e$retom o' 1;. %+na 1B. Pet &+'aca Pr"*"-no(-"%e3a &matralo %e 'a -"taln" nac"onaln" "ntere& $o%" "*no&" Sr2"%a/ 'a 2" &e o&"(+rala o'to(a 'a %e Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e 6I7J9 o&+'" *a (enoc"'/ n"%e ,r"4-atl%"- " 'a %e S+'&$o-"%e3e *a'+eno *a &l+#a% M"lo0e-"3 2"lo + $r"-+ $a' (a %e ::!. "*%e'na#"lo & ,"tan%"manac"onalne &"(+rno&t" *eml%e/ $a$o 2" o,ra-'alo o're)"-an%e *a0t"tn"4 m%era na'ar4"-om VSO>a. Al" +m%e&to 'a "&,ra-" ,o(re0$+ $o%+ %e +t-r'"lo " 'a +$"ne ta%no&t t"4'o$+menata/ Pr"*"-no -"%e3e "&ta$n+lo %e "&tom ,r"l"$om $a$o %e #"n%en"ca 'a &+ ta$-em%ere o'o2rene ,r"%e '-"%e (o'"ne &t-or"la le("t"mna o#e$"-an%a 5eo(ra'a 'a 3e &-"mn%e(o-"m $a&n"%"m *a4t%e-"ma 2"t" +'o-ol%eno "&t"m temel%em. Pet &+'aca Pr"*"-no( -"%e3ata$o %e ,o&talo 'o2ro-ol%n"m &++#e&n"c"ma man",+lac"%e $o%+ or(an"*"ra%+ -la&t" +5eo(ra'+ & %e'"n"m c"l%em 'a ,ota$n+ %e'n+ 'r+(o Pra-o&+'no t"%elo/ Me)+naro'n" &+'

,ra-'e 6I7J9/ 'a ,o#"n" "&t+ &+'&$+ ,o(re0$+ %er nema ,r"&t+,a 'o$+ment"ma.7arla 'el Ponte/ t"m *a'+en *a M"lo0e-"3e- ,re'met " (la-n" ,ra-n" &a-%etn"c"

T+"tel%&t-a/ 0o$"ran" o-om o'l+$om/ &a&tal" &+ &e 1. &e,tem2ra ::G. 'a o'l+#e $o%"m,+tem "3". Slo"l" &+ &e 'a ,o'ne&+ ,r"%a-+ &+c"ma + ,re'met+ M"lo0e-"3 " 'a ,ro-e'+,on"0ten%e -"talno( nac"onalno( "ntere&a $a$o 2" &e o'ma4 *atra"lo +$"'an%e m%era#+-an%a ,o-%erl%"-o&t" ar4"-a VSO>a. S+c" Ia"n 5onom-/ na&l%e'n"$ R"c4ar'a Maa/ "Ro2"n&on/ +nato# ,rot"-l%en%+ &+ca K?ona/ ;. 'ecem2ra ::G. ,r"4-a3a%+ ,on"0t"t" m%ere*a0t"te $o%e &+ na &na*" o' ::!. &4-a3a%+3" 'a 5eo(ra' ne na&to%" *a0t"t"t" &-o%+nac"onaln+ &"(+rno&t ne(o &,r"%e#"t" ,ra-'+ + traen%+ "&t"ne. 5eo(ra' o'ma4 +lae al2+" ,o&t"e ,r"-remen+ &+&,en*"%+ te o'l+$e &,re#a-a%+3" ta$o 5o&n+ 'a ,re'a ar4"- VSO>aMe)+naro'nom &+'+ ,ra-'e 6I7J9 ,r"%e ot-aran%a ra&,ra-a *a$a*an"4 *a n%e*"n+ al2+ *a$ra% <e2r+ara ::;. Po&l"%e ra*matran%a ar(+menata T+"tel%&t-a/ ;. a,r"la ::;./ ,et&+'aca Pr"*"-no( -"%e3a/ $o%"m %o0 +-"%e$ ,re'&%e'a-a Tal"%an Fa+&to Pocar/ o'l+#+%e,on"0t"t" o'l+$+ o' ;. 'ecem2ra ::G. In<ormac"%e o "*ra-no% +m"%e0ano&t" Sr2"%e + rat +5o&n" " + ,o$ol%e + Sre2ren"c" o&ta%+ ta$o ne'o&t+,ne I7J>+ " %a-no&t". T+"tel%&t-o n"%e +

B



mo(+3no&t" "*n"%et" ta% &$an'al + %a-no&t %er &+ &+c" &-a$+ &-o%+ o'l+$+ o*na#"l"

,o-%erl%"-om.

U o$to2r+ ::!. oran S-"lano-"3 " n%e(o- t"m ,ra-n"$a/ $o%" &+ 'o0l" 2ran"t" 'ra-+ Sr2"%+,re' Tr"2+nalom/ tol"$o &+ "*nena)en" &-o%om ,o2%e'om 'a &e 2o%e re-"*"%e o-e o'l+$e$o%+ T+"tel%&t-o o&,ora-a. Kra%em ::!./ &amo ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,r"%e *at-aran%a <a*eo,t+2e + ,roce&+/ *a,"&n"c" Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane %o0 +-"%e$ n"&+ ,re'an" I7T8>+.

T+"tel%&t-o &e mora *a'o-ol%"t" & ne$ol"$o "*-a'a$a $o%e &+ ,r"$+,"l" &tr+#n%ac"/ $o%"ma %eo'o2reno 'a %o0 %e'nom/ + a+(+&t+ ::!. na l"c+ m%e&ta/ + 5eo(ra'+/ ,re(le'a%+"*-%e0ta%e " *a,"&n"$e &a &a&tana$a. Za o&talo o&lan%a &e na "n&"'ere/ &-%e'o$e $o%" &+&+'%elo-al" + *lo#"na#$om ,ot4-at+/ 'a 2" o2%a&n"lo *a,o-%e'n" lanac/ na#"ne nanc"ran%a" "*ra-no &+'%elo-an%e &,ec"%aln"4 %e'"n"ca "* Sr2"%e + $am,an%" etn"#$o( #"03en%a. Po'

"*l"$om $a0n%en%a + ,re'a%" ar4"-a VSO>a eoYre N"ce ,o-%era-a 7arl" 'el Ponte 1G.'ecem2ra ::!.= Ne3+ &e ,rot"-"t" ,o-la#en%+ ta#$e o,t+n"ce o (enoc"'+ a$o O2rana,o'ne&e *a4t%e- *a o2+&ta-+ ,o&t+,$a.

Za,"&n"c" Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 &t"+ ::B. ,o&l"%e *a-r0et$a a$+*atorne <a*e,roce&a. S+c" "4 ,r"4-a3a%+ + &,"&/ al" T+"tel%&t-o "ma ,r"l"$+ na ro#"0t"ma o(ol"t" te$&a&-"m mal" '"o. U mart+ ::;./ 'a$le '-"%e (o'"ne ,o&l"%e/ eoYre- N"ce el" "&$or"&t"t"'ola*a$ Mom"ra 5+lato-"3a/ %e'no( o' ,o&l%e'n%"4 &-%e'o$a o2rane na M"lo0e-"3e-+,o,"&+/ 'a 2" ,r"$a*ao 0"re "*-at$e ,r"l"$om +na$r&no( "&,"t"-an%a. Kao ,re'&%e'n"$ 7rneore $a' %e M"lo0e-"3 2"o ,re'&%e'n"$ Sr2"%e/ Mom"r 5+lato-"3 %e &a &-o%"m &r,&$"m&a-e*n"$om &+'%elo-ao na t"m &a&tanc"ma na -r4+ *a -r"%eme rato-a + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%.

Al" M"lo0e-"3 tra" t%e'an 'ana &+&,en*"%e ra&,ra-e 'a 2" ,r",rem"o ,re&l+0a-an%e &-o%e(&-%e'o$a. To m+ %e o'o2reno. U &+2ot+ 11. marta ::;. ,r"%e ne(o 0to %e 5+lato-"3 +&,"o'o3" na m%e&to *a &-%e'o$e/ M"lo0e-"3 %e na)en 2e"-otan + 3el"%" E:B "&trano( *at-oraI7T8>a. M"lo0e-"3 n"%e +ma$ao &-o%"m &+c"ma ne(o ,re&+'". N%e(o- ,roce& o&ta%ene'o-r0en/ %a-no&t -%ero-atno ne3e n"$a'a "mat" ,ot-r'+ -ano&t" ar4"-a Vr4o-no(&a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9/ & ,e#atom 'ra-na ta%na >&tro(o ,o-%erl%"-o/ *a +t-r)"-an%eo'(o-orno&t" o-o( o,t+en"$a *a *lo#"ne.

G



M"lo0e-"3 %e ,o &-o% ,r"l"c" +mro + &n+/ o$o .BG &at"/ o' &r#ano( +'ara. U +tora$ ,r"%e

n%e(o-e &mrt"/ M"lo0e-"3 %e o' I7T8>a ,r"m"o "*-%e0ta% & re*+ltat"ma anal"*e $r-" $o%a %e,o$a*"-ala 'a %e &am +*"mao r"<am,"c"n/ ant"2"ot"$ &a &e$+n'arn"m '%elo-an%emne+tral"*"ran%a l"%e$o-a ,rot"- -"&o$o( $r-no( tla$a/ o' #e(a %e ,at"o. K+t"%a to(a l"%e$a/,ro"*-e'ena + Sr2"%"/ na)ena %e ,o#et$om (o'"ne me)+ n%e(o-"m &t-ar"ma + ,r"t-or+.Dan +o#" n%e(o-e &mrt"/ + ,eta$ 1:. marta/ M"lo0e-"3 %e ,re'ao &-o%em ,ra-nom,omo3n"$+/ Z'en$+ Tornano-"3+/ ,"&mo +,+3eno r+&$"m -la&t"ma/ + $o%em+ $ae 'a m+,r"%et" tro-an%e. Kao 'o$a* na-o'" re*+ltate anal"*e $o%a ot$r"-a ,r"&+tno&t -"&o$e 'o*eant"2"ot"$a $o%" &e o2"#no +*"ma + l"%e#en%+ (+2e "l" t+2er$+lo*e. 5+'+3" 'a a+to,&"%a "to$&"$olo0$e ,retra(e n"&+ ,o$a*ale ,r"&+tno&t &+mn%"-"4 t-ar"/ I7T8 %e *a$l%+#"o 'a %er"%e# o ,r"ro'no% &mrt". Al" M"lo0e-"3 n"%e o$l"%e-ao + mno(o na-rata 'o-e&t" &-o% "-ot +o,a&no&t= ne$e 'r+(e anal"*e + ,ro0lo&t" ,o$a*ale &+ 'a ne +*"ma l"%e$o-e ,ro,"&ane *a

$r-n" tla$/ *at"m/ $a' %e 2"o ,r"&"l%en +*"mat" "4 ,re' &traarom/ na2a-"o %e r"<am,"c"n 'ane+tral"*"ra n%"4o- +#"na$. O-a% r"%et$" ant"2"ot"$ ,o*nat %e ,o tome 0to o&ta-l%a tra( + $r-"&amo '-a "l" tr" &ata ,o&l"%e +*"man%a. Ve3 -"0e m%e&ec" M"lo0e-"3 &e $or"&t"o &-o%"m*'ra-&t-en"m &tan%em $a$o 2" +-%er"o &+ce 'a (a ,+&te na l"%e#en%e + R+&"%+/ ('%e &+ m+"-%el" ena/ &"n " 2rat. S+c" &+ o'2ac"l" n%e(o-e mol2e. Ka$o &e ,roce& 2l""o $ra%+/M"lo0e-"3 %e o#a%n"#$" tra"o "*la* ,r"%e ,re&+'e.

U <e2r+ar+ ::B. T+"tel%&t-o %e -e3 "malo ,ote0$o3a. Za *a-r0eta$ a$+*atorne <a*e,roce&a/ &,rema &e ,o*-at" #et"r" -rlo -ana &-%e'o$a "n&"'era. Al" M"lo0e-"3 &e,o&l%e'n%"4 'e&et 'ana -o'" $ao 2ole&tan. Za -r"%eme ,re$"'a ra&,ra-e ,re'&%e'n"$S+'&$o( -"%e3a/ R"c4ar' Ma/ ta$o)er &e ra*2ol"o. Na$on ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" +m"re o'

,ro(re&"-no( t+mora.B;

Z2o( o'&+tno&t" %e'no(a o' tro%"ce &+'aca T+"tel%&t-+ %eo'o2reno &amo ,et 'ana/ +m%e&to 'e&et/ 'a *a-r0" ra&,ra-+. eoYre N"ce o'l+#"*a-r0"t" "&,"t"-an%e &-%e'o$a $o%e %e + t"%e$+/ " ,r"&"l%a-a Dermota roomea/ $o%" & n%"m,re'&ta-l%a '"o o 5o&n"/ 'a o'+&tane o' "n&"'era $o%" &+ tre2al" 2ac"t" no-o &-%etlo na"*ra-n+ M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t *a *lo#"ne + 5o&n". A$+*atorna <a*a *at-orena %e G.<e2r+ara ::B.

Optu04a tereti za *eno,i%

Za ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" 'o3" 3e re' na M"lo0e-"3a 'a o'(o-ara na o,t+2e "*ne&ene ,rot"-n%e(a. U me)+-remen+ an(lo&a$&on&$a ,roce'+ra o'o2ra-a O2ran" 'a tra" o2+&ta-+,o&t+,$a *2o( ne'o&tat$a 'o$a*a *a c"%el+ o,t+n"c+ "l" n%e*"n '"o. Pra-n" &a-%etn"c"Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a ta$o " ,o&t+,a%+. U 'e2elom ,o'ne&$+ ,re'anom G. marta ::B.

;



ta#$+ ,o ta#$+ r+0e ra' o,t+2e o' ot-aran%a ,roce&a. T+"tel%&t-o mora na to o'(o-or"t"

,r"%e ne(o 0to &+c" 'one&+ o'l+$+. To %e ,r"l"$a *a no-" &+$o2 "*me)+ 7arle 'el Ponte "oYre%a N"cea. Po' c"%en+ no-"4 ra*'ora +n+tar &-o%e( t"ma/ N"ce ,re,or+#+%e 'a &e+'o-ol%" *a4t%e-+ *a o2+&ta-+ ,o&t+,$a " o'+&tane o' &-"4 o,t+2" *a (enoc"'. Une'o&tat$+ c%el"ne *a,"&n"$a &%e'n"ca Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 *a -r"%eme rata +5o&n"/ o,t+2a (a + na%2ol%em &l+#a%+ moe teret"t" *a &+'"on"0t-o + (enoc"'+ + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n"/ 'o,+0ta N"ce 2e* 'r+("4 o2%a0n%en%a. 7arla 'el Ponte ne el" &e ,re'at" 2e*2or2e= O'l+$a %e na &+c"ma. P+&t"mo on'a &+ce 'a o tome o'l+#e. U Ha( %e &t"(lone$ol"$o malo2ro%n"4 &tr+#n%a$a ,re$al%en"4 + Ar+&4" na ,"tan%+ (enoc"'a + R+an'".-"car$a "4 name3e eoYre%+ N"ce+ " n%e(o-+ t"m+. Pr"%e &t-aran%a Me)+naro'n"4$a*nen"4 &+'o-a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ " R+an'+/ Kon-enc"%a o

B; S+ca R"c4ar'a Maa "* Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e *am"%en"o %e 'r+(" 2r"tan&$" &+'ac/ Ia"n5onom/ $o%" ,re+*"ma n%e(o-e <+n$c"%e 1. %+na ::B./ +,ra-o ,r"%e ,o#et$a o2rane.



&,re#a-an%+ " $an%a-an%+ *lo#"na (enoc"'a "* 1B. n"$a'a n"%e ,r"m"%en%ena na ne$o%

&+'&$o% "n&tanc". A "*me)+ teor"%e " ,ra$&e $at$a'a ,o&to%" (olem %a*. Al" -r"%eme let". T"m"ma &amo 'e&eta$ 'ana 'a ,o'ne&e &-o% o'(o-or.

Ne trate3" -r"%eme/ -eteran" "* Ar+&4e "* ma&e 'o$a*a/ ,r"$a*an"4 na ra&,ra-" "l",r"4-a3en"4 o' S+'&$o( -"%e3a/ "'ent"c"ra%+ " &a&ta-l%a%+ elemente $o%" ot$r"-a%+(enoc"'ne c"l%e-e ,ol"t"$e etn"#$o( #"03en%a 'a 2" *at"m 'o$a*al" &+c"ma 'a %e M"lo0e-"3*nao nam%ere >o'no&no "mao "&te nam%ere >ne &amo 'a &e ,o#"ne *lo#"n" ne(o 'a &e +c"%elo&t" "l" '%elom"#no +n"0t" %e'na nac"onalna/ etn"#$a/ ra&na "l" -%er&$a &$+,"na/ + o-om&l+#a%+ 2o&an&$" M+&l"man". Pra-o nalae 'a &e *a &-a$" *lo#"n +t-r'" $a$o *a,o-%e'n"lanac -o'" 'o o,t+eno(a/ 'a$le/ + M"lo0e-"3e-+ &l+#a%+/ 'o -r4a 'ra-e. Al" ne nalae'o2"-an%e e$&,l"c"tno( 'o$a*a (enoc"'ne nam%ere. N"$a'a n"%e na)eno H"tle>ro-o "*r"#"to

nare)en%e 'a &e "&$or"%ene "'o-" "* E+ro,e. Prema tome/ ,ra-o 'o,+0ta 'a &e (enoc"'nanam%era "*-e'e "* elemenata 'o$a*a $a' %e mo(+3e 'o$a*at" &+&ta-no&t *lo#"na ,rot"-ne$e &$+,"ne/ #"n%en"c+ 'a &+ o're)ene rt-e &+&ta-no na +'ar+ *2o( ,r",a'no&t" to%&$+,"n"/ -el"$e ra*m%ere *-%er&ta-a " +#e&talo&t ,ona-l%an%a 'e&tr+$t"-n"4 '%ela "'"&$r"m"nac"%e ,rema n%"ma. I,a$/ mora &e 'o$a*at" 'a *lo#"ne -o'" nam%era *"#$o(+n"0ten%a te &$+,"ne/ a ne +n"0ten%e n%"4o-a "'ent"teta. Vaan %e/ 'a$le/ c"l% $o%em+ te",o#"n"tel%/ a to ne mora n+no 2"t" ,ot,+no +n"0ten%e &$+,"ne/ ne(o +n"0ten%e n%e*"na*na#a%no( "l" re,re*entat"-no( '"%ela. enoc"' &e ra*l"$+%e o' *lo#"na ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t",r"%e &-e(a ,o naro#"to% nam%er" "&tre2l%en%a $o%a (a -o'". D%ela ,o#"n%ena + (enoc"'+ "'%ela $o%a #"ne *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t"/ $o%a &+ ta$o)er &+&ta-na "l" ,ro0"rena ",lan"rana/ "&,re,l"3+ &e= ,o&e2no +2o%&t-a/ "&tre2l%en%e "l" 'e,ortac"%a "l" ,r"&"lno

,rem%e0tan%e.Na ,ot"ca% &tr+#n%a$a "* Ar+&4e T+"tel%&t-o o'l+#+%e/ & o'l+#no03+ $o%a %e 'o ta'ane'o&ta%ala t"m+ eoYre%a N"cea/ *a&t+,at" M"lo0e-"3e-o &+'%elo-an%e/ +* Kara'"3a "Mla'"3a/ + *a%e'n"#$om *lo#"na#$om ,ot4-at+ & c"l%em +n"0ten%a m+&l"man&$e etn"#$e&$+,"ne + 5o&n" na '"%elo-"ma 2o&an&$o( ter"tor"%a $o%e &+ nam%era-al" ,r",o%"t" &r,&$o%'ra-". Na 1;. &$+,0t"n" 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ + ma%+ 1./ na &amom ,o#et$+ rata/ +&-o%eno

%e 0e&t c"l%e-a $o%" 3e -o'"t" +%e'"n%en%+ Sr2a + &l%e'e3e #et"r" (o'"ne. Me)+ n%"ma=ra*'-a%an%e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a o' o&tal"4 '-"%+ nac"onaln"4 *a%e'n"ca " to ra*'-a%an%e + o'>-o%ene 'ra-e #"%" &+ (eo(ra<&$" o2r"&" -e3 *acrtan"/ al" " ,o'%ela Sara%e-a na &r,&$+ "m+&l"man&$+ *on+. Na$on to(a &r,&$" &+ e$&trem"&t" &+&ta-no (ra2"l" ter"tor"%e $o%e &+el%el" ,r",o%"t" to% &r,&$o% 'ra-". Al" 2+'+3" 'a &+ 4t%el" 2"t" n%e*"n" %e'"n" (o&,o'ar"/ c"l% "m

%e 2"o "&$or"%en"t" &-a$+ ,r"&+tno&t ne>Sr>Pro-o'"l" &+/ 'a$le/ (enoc"'n+ ,ol"t"$+ ,rema-e3"n&$o% &$+,"n" +&,o&ta->l%a%+3" ne,re&tano ra*ara%+3e " '"&$r"m"n"ra%+3e me4an"*me +o'no&+ na 2o&an&$e M+&l"mane. Do$a*"-an%e %e +-%erl%"-o. N%"me &e ra*ot$r"-a c"%elo,lan"ran%e " ,o$retan%e ,ol"t"$e etn"#$o( #"03en%a. S-" $oma'" &la(al"ce/ $o%" &+ *a -r"%eme



c"%elo( ,roce&a 2acan" na 4r,+/ *2o( +n+tarn%"4 ra*m"mo"laen%a + t"m+ " *2o(

"&,re$"'ane an(lo&a$&on&$e ,roce'+re/ &a'a &e &re)+%+ 'a 2" $ona#no &t-or"l" #"tl%"-+c%el"n+ >"&,r",o-"%e'an+ c%el"n+ $a$-+ 2" 2e* &+mn%e ,r"$a*ao ne$" "&tran" &+'ac +$ont"nentalnom ,o&t+,$+. S-e &e &lae/ ,o$la,a/ +$r0ta-a. Za&no-ana na +$+,no&t"'o$a*a $o%e %e ,re'&ta-"lo t+"tel%&t-o/ %a-na %e -er*"%a o#"03ena o' &-"4 '"%elo-a $o%" &+2"l" ,o' *a0t"tn"m m%erama/ 2"lo 'a %e r"%e# o &-%e'o#en%"ma "*a *at-oren"4 -rata "l" o'o$+ment"ma 'an"ma ,o' +-%etom 'a 2+'+ &tro(o ,o-%erl%"-".B M"r$o Klar"n/ %e'an o'r"%et$"4 no-"nara $o%" %e + Ha(+ ,rat"o &-"4 '-%e&to 'e-e'e&et o&am 'ana ra&,ra-e/o'no&no ne$"4 4"l%a'+ &at" ,re'&ta-l%an%a o,t+2e 6T+"tel%&t-o %e +$+,no ,re'&ta-"lo ;&-%e'o$a9 o2%a0n%a-a on"ma $o%" (a $ao 'o2ro( ,o*na-atel%a ,"ta%+ *a m"0l%en%e oe-ent+alno% M"lo0e-"3e-o% o'(o-orno&t" *a (enoc"'= Samo &am + &tan%+ &4-at"t" $ol"$om" ne'o&ta%+ element" 'a "*-+#em "$a$a- *a$l%+#a$. O&"m &-%e'o#en%a "*a *at-oren"4

-rata/ 0to + $ona#n"c" ,re'&ta-l%a -rlo mal" '"o ra&,ra-e/ 'e&ec" 4"l%a'a &tran"ca +2a#en"&+ + &,"& $ao element" 'o$a*a $o%"ma %a-no&t nema ,r"&t+,a. Nemam elemenata 'a&t-or"m o2%e$t"-no m"0l%en%e.

Ka' ne$" o,t+en"$ ,o'ra-a ,ol"t"$+ & (enoc"'n"m nam%erama/ ta nam%era m+ &e moe,r","&at" -e3 a$o &am +&-o%" t+ ,ol"t"$+/ 2"lo *2o( ,ra$t"#n"4 ra*lo(a/ "l" *2o( c"n"#n"%"4ra*lo(a/ $ao/ ,r"m%er"ce/ 'a &e o'r" na -la&t". A M"lo0e-"3 %e *nao -rlo -%e0to "&$or"&t"t"nac"onal"&t"#$+ "'eolo("%+ $o%o% %e c"l% 2"o *a+-"%e$ ra*'-o%"t" 'o

B Pro&ec+t"on Re&,on&e to Am"c" 7+r"ae Mot"on <or J+'(ement o< Ac+"ttal P+r&+ant to R+le 2"&/ %a-na -er*"%a/ I7T8/ Ha(/ !. ma%a ::B. Te$&t &amo na en(le&$om.



ta'a "*m"%e0ane *a%e'n"ce. Sta-"o %e me'"%e + &l+2+ (o-ora mrn%e 'a 2" %a#e

&t"(mat"*"rao ne,r"%atel%a/ Dr+(o(a. Ta$o %e +-eo ra*l"$o-an%e "*me)+ na& " n%"4 $a$o2" o%a#ao $o4e*"%+ *a%e'n"ce na& ,o' c"%en+ o'2ac"-an%a Dr+(o(a. Ta% %e ,roce& 'o-eo'e 'e4+man"*ac"%e Dr+(o(a/ " te &t"(mat"*"rane/ o&aml%ene/ 'e4+man"*"rane o&o2e+#"n"o la$"m metama 2+'+3"4 ma&o-n"4 *lo#"na. D-anae&to( no-em2ra 1!. 2e*o$ol"0an%a ,o-%era-a Hr-o%+ ar"n"3+/ 4r-at&$om -"&o$om '+no&n"$+ "* Za(re2a/ 'a 3e&-" Sr2" ra&+t" ,o ter"tor"%+ 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e +&$oro 2"t" +%e'"n%en" + %e'no% 'ra-"=Ot-oreno Vam $a>em/ 'a &am & Re,+2l"$om Sr,&$om + 5o&n"/ $o%a 3e ,r"%e "l" ,o&l"%e,o&tat" '"%elom Sr2"%e/ r"%e0"o :[ &r,&$o( nac"onalno( ,"tan%a/ "&to $ao 0to %e T+)man/r"%e0"o 4r-at&$o nac"onalno ,"tan%e ,re$o Herce(>5o&ne.

Na %e'no% &%e'n"c" Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane !:. a+(+&ta 1B./ ,o&-e3eno m"ro-nom

,lan+ $o%" %e ,re'lo"la Konta$tna (r+,a 6-el"$"4 &"la9/B

M"lo0e-"3 na &-o% na#"n 'en"ranac"onaln" "ntere&= Vo'e3" *a%e'n"#$" %e'n+ %e'"n+ ,: l"t"$+/ moram re3" +&,%e0no/ +&,%el"

&mo &a#+-at" na0+ *eml%+ 6Sr2"%+ " 7rn+ or+ $o%e %e M"lo0e-"3

na*"-ao J+(o&la-"%om o,. a.9 o' rata ,r+a%+3" &-+ ,o'r0$+ $o%+ &mo mo(l" na0emnaro'+ & on+ &tran+ Dr"ne/ &t-ara%+3" Re,+2l"$+ Sr,&$+ " Re,+2l"$+ Sr,&$+ Kra%"n+ ",o&t"(a-0" *a n%"4 normaln" &tat+& *a ,re(o-ara#$"m &tolom/ 0to 3e nam omo(+3"t" 'ao&t-ar"mo na0 $ra%n%" c"l% $o%" %e me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca -e3 ,re'lo"la ,r"*nat". M"&l"m naRe,+2l"$+. Sr,&$+/ $o%a &e &a' -e3 ,r+a na ,olo-"n" ter"tor"%a 2"-0e 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne.6...9 S-a$a nac"onalna ,ol"t"$a/ a$o 4o3e 2"t" e$a&na/ mora +*et" + o2*"r &-e te <a$tore.Pon+)eno nam %e 'a ,o-e3amo na0 ter"tor"% *a G[ " na0e &tano-n"0t-o *a 1:[ "/ $

tome/ 'a &-e to le(al"*"ramo. Dana nam %e #a$ " mo(+3no&t 'a o'ma4 &t-or"mo$on<e'erac"%+ 6& ter"tor"%"ma ,o' &r,&$om $ontrolom + 5o&n" o,. a.9.

M"lo0e-"3e- c"l% o'+-"%e$ %e 2"o ,o&t"3" ,r"*nan%e &-o%"4 ter"tor"%aln"4 o&-a%an%a/ *2o( $o%"4 %e ,rol"-eno tol"$o $r-". Na V"%e3+ *a +&$la)"-an%e ,ol"t"$e/ t"%el+ &m%e0tenom + 5eo(ra'+/('%e &e &a&ta%+ &r,&$" -la&to'r0c" "* 5o&ne " '+no&n"c" &r,&$o>crno(or&$e 'ra-e ra'"ra*(o-ora o ,o$retan%+ *a%e'n"#$o( ,ot4-ata/ M"lo0e-"3 + %an+ar+ 1!. o ,"tan%+n+no&t" +%e'"n%en%a &r,&$o( naro'a "*%a-l%+%e= To -e3 "mamo 'e <acto. P"tan%e %e &a'a$a$o to *a%am#"t"/ $a$o ,ret-or"t" o-+ &"t+ac"%+ $o%a ,o&to%" 'e <acto + 'e %+re Dan ,r"%eM"lo0e-"3 %e ,re' r+&$"m ,rem"%erom E-(en"%em Pr"ma$o-"m o,o-r(a-ao 2"lo $a$-+ -ol%+'a &t-or" Vel"$+ Sr2"%+= Te$ 2" &tra0no $r-o,rol"3e omo(+3"lo 'a &e o&t-ar" ta$a-,ro%e$t/ n"&am &,reman to na,ra-"t".

M"lo0e-"3 $oma'a &+&%e'ne *eml%e/ na&ta-l%a &-o%e ,lano-e ne -o'e3" n"$a' 2r"(+ o,atn%ama $o%e nano&" ne&r,&$"m naro'"ma/ n"$a' ne +*"ma%+3" + o2*"r #"n%en"c+ 'an%e(o- ,lan ,o'ra*+m"%e-a %e'no&trano " na&"lno "&t%er"-an%e '"%ela &tano-n"0t-a. N%e(o-a

1::



el%a 'a +&,o&ta-" %e'"n&t-en ter"tor"% $o%" 3e mo3" ,r"$l%+#"t" Sr2"%" *a,e#at"t 3e to$om

l%eta 1G. &+'2"n+ m+&l"man&$"4 en$la-a na "&to$+ 5o&ne. Kao& + $o%" tone 5o&nan"$a$o n"%e ,o&l%e'"ca *lo#"na#$"4 '%ela lo$aln"4 "*-r0"laca/ ne(o %e re*+ltat ,ro%e$ta $o%" %era*ra'"o " -o'"o M"lo0e-"3.

M"lo0e-"3 n"%e mo'a n"$a'a "*ra*"o nam%er+ 'a m+ meta 2+'+ 2o&an&$" M+&l"man" &c"l%em 'a "4 +n"0t". Pre,+&t"o %e ra'"%e 'r+("ma/ ,o&e2no &r,&$"m -o'ama + 5o&n"/ +,r-om re'+ Ra'o-an+ Kara'"3+/ 'a +o2l"#" *a%e'n"#$+ nam%er+. U ,r"-atn"mra*(o-or"ma/ $ao " + %a-n"m (o-or"ma/ -o)e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a n"&+ &$r"-al" &-o%e (enoc"'neam2"c"%e. Mno(" 'o$a*" + &,"&+ ,o$a*+%+ 'a &+ o &-o%"m nam%erama "n<orm"ral"me)+naro'n+ *a%e'n"c+/ $ao " M"lo0e-"3a. Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ $ao " n%e(o-a ,omo3n"ca5"l%ana Pla-0"3/ o2a-"%e&t"l" &+/ ,r"m%er"ce/ Da-"'a Harlan'a ta'a0n%e( -o'"tel%a 7"-"lno(

o'%ela UN>a + 5o&n"/ o &-o%o% nam%er" 'a ,r"&t+,e etn"#$om #"03en%+ 2o&an&$"4M+&l"mana. B

B Konta$tn+ (r+,+/ &t-oren+ 1B./ $o%a ,re'&ta-l%a me)+naro'n+ *a%e'n"c+ +,re(o-or"ma o *a-r0et$+ &+$o2a + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%"/ #"ne Franc+&$a/ Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a/SAD/ R+&"%a>N%ema#$a " Ital"%a.

49 U 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" M+&l"man" 6& -el"$"m &lo-om9 2"l" &+ %e'an o' 0e&t $on&t"t+t"-n"4 naro'a.Pot%e#+ "* &la-en&$e *a%e'n"ce "&lam"*"rane *a -r"%eme O&man&$o( car&t-a. On" &+ Kra%em rata/1G. ,re"meno-an" + 5o0n%a$e. Z2o( +,otre2e na*"-a X 2o&an&$" M+&l"ma>n" + &-"m'o$+ment"ma I7T8>a " + o-o% $n%"*" %e #e03e +,otre2l%a-an ne(o &l+2en" na*"- 5o0n%ac".

1:1



U o$to2r+ 11./ &amo ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" ,r"%e ,o#et$a rata/ Kara'"3 tele<on&$" "*lae &-o%

,lan ne$ol"c"n" 2l"&$"4 &+ra'n"$a. 1. o$to2ra ,ona-l%a ,et ,+ta + "&tom tele<on&$omra*(o-or+ 'a 3e + &l+#a%+ rata M+&l"man" ne&tat" On" 6-o)e 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana o,.a.9 ne ra*+m"%+ 'a 3e 'o3" 'o $r-o,rol"3a " 'a 3e M+&l"man" 2"t" "&tr"%e2l%en". T" %a'n"M+&l"man" ne -"'e $+' "4 -o'" n%"4o- -o)a " na 0to "4 o&+)+%e/ na ne&tana$. 6...9 Ne&tat3e/ t" 3e l%+'" ne&tat" & l"ca Zeml%e a$o na&ta-e 6*a4t"%e-at" ne*a-"&no&t ,o&l"%e ra&,a'a

J+(o&la-"%e ra'"%e ne(o 'a ,r"4-ate ,r",o%en%e 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne Sr2"%"/ $a$o to 4o3eKara'"3 o,. a.9. Je'"na "m %e 0an&a 'a tome "*ma$n+ 2"la ,r"4-at"t" ono 0to &mo "m,on+'"l". I to %e -e3 2"lo ,re-"0e/ ,on+'"l" &mo "m ,+no ,re-"0e

U no-om tele<on&$om ra*(o-or+/ 1G. o$to2ra 11. Kara'"3 ,ono-o na%a-l%+%e"&tre2l%en%e 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana + &l+#a%+ rata. Kao ,r-o/ n"t$o o' n%"4o-"4 -o)a ne3e

o&tat" na "-ot+. Za tr">#et"r" &ata &-" 3e 2"t" ,o+2"%an". Ne3e "mat" n"$a$-e 0an&e 'a,re"-e. I&to( 'ana/ + &-o%em &la-nom (o-or+ ,re' S$+,0t"nom 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne +Sara%e-+/ Kara'"3 %a-no ,r"%et" M+&l"man"ma 'a 3e ne&tat" a$o ne ,r"4-ate ,r",o%en%e5o&ne Sr2"%".

5o&an&$e &+ &l+2e ,r"%e " na &amom ,o#et$+ rata &n"m"le na &tot"ne tele<on&$"4ra*(o-ora "*me)+ Kara'"3a " &r,&$"4 nac"onal"&t"#$"4 -o'a. Sn"m$e &+ ot$r"-ene %a-no&t"'e&et (o'"na ,o&l"%e/ na &+)en%+ M"lo0e-"3+ ,re' I7T8>em. Al" -el"$e &"le o'a-no &+,o*na-ale &a'ra% t"4 ra*(o-ora. U,o*or"le &+ "4 (oto-o o'ma4 -la&t" + Sara%e-+/ $o%e &+tra"le ,omo3 + &,re#a-an%+ &+$o2a. Pre' ra&t+3om ,r"%etn%om 0"ren%a rata $o%" %e 2%e&n"o+ Hr-at&$o%/ *a,a'ne &+ -la'e +%e&en 11. ,omno ,rat"le ra*-o% &"t+ac"%e + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". N"&+ mo(le ne *nat" *a *lo#"na#$e ,lano-e Kara'"3a " n%e(o-"4/ tol"$o &+ "4

o-" 'o m"le -ol%e ,ona-l%al". No ,ro%e$t etn"#$" 4omo(ene 'ra-e/ <orm+l"ran +o$olno&t"ma m"%e0ano( &tano-n"0t-a/ n+no %e ,re'-")ao "&$l%+#en%e &-a$e &$+,"ne $o%a&e n"%e "'ent"c"rala &a &r,&$om. Kon$retn" "*ra*" to(a ,ro%e$ta/ $o%" &+ <orm+l"ral"Kara'"3 " n%e(o-a &tran$a SDS %o0 ,r"%e &+$o2a/ naro#"to naor+a-an%e Sr2a + 5o&n" "o$retan%e JNA na &tran+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ -e3 %e +$a*"-ao na nam%er+ na&"lno("&$l%+#"-an%a o-"4 &$+,"na. Kara'"3 " n%e(o-a &tran$a n"&+ &$r"-al"/ n" ,r"%e &+$o2a/ 'a 3e"m (la-na meta 2"t" 2o&an&$" M+&l"man"/ $o%e &+ &matral" ne,r"%atel%"ma/ on"ma & $o%"mane mo(+ na3" *a%e'n"#$a (le'"0ta o 2+'+3no&t" 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne/ $ao & Hr-at"ma.On"ma #"%e " &amo ,o&to%an%e &,re#a-a +$"'an%e 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne " n%e*"n+ ,o'%el+"*me)+ Sr2"%e " Hr-at&$e. Pr"&l+0$"-an" ra*(o-or" "* "&to( ra*'o2l%a &,om"n%+ re'o-"te$onta$te & %e'n"m Franc+*om/ M"tterran'o-"m "*a&lan"$om #"%e "me n"$a'a ne"*(o-ara%+ " $o%" %e 'ola*"o Kara'"3+ + Sara%e-o " M"lo0e-"3+ + 5eo(ra'ra&,"t"-at" &e o &"t+ac"%" " o nam%erama Sr2a. O tom "*a&lan"$+/ #"%e "me Franc+&$a n"%en"$a'a o'ala/ (o-ore & mno(o ,o0to-an%a/ $ao o #o-%e$+ *a $o%e(a -%er+%+ 'a (a mo(+

1:



,r"'o2"t" *a &-o%+ &t-ar. Par"* %e *nao 'a &r,&$" nac"onal"&t" nam%era-a%+ ra&$oma'at"

5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+ + $r-" 'a 2" ,o'"%el"l" me)+&o2no +&$o ,o-e*ane *a%e'n"ce "ot$"n+te ter"tor"%e o$+,"l" + %e'n+ &r,&$+ 'ra-+.

T"%e$om rata Sr2" &+ +&,o&ta-"l" no-e $om+n"$ac"%&$e mree ,o-e*ane & 5eo(ra'om.5o0n%ac" ota'a -"0e n"&+ + &tan%+ na&ta-"t" ,r"&l+0$"-an%a. Za,a'ne o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e+2r*o "4 *am%en%+%+ na ra*ne na#"ne= o2a-%e0ta%c" na teren+/ ra'ar&$" na'*or "t'. U to &e-r"%eme -el"$e &"le ne $or"&te t"m 'ra(oc%en"m "n<ormac"%ama 'a 2" ,reo2l"$o-ale &-o%+,ol"t"$+ ,rema 5al$an+ " ,o$+0ale &,r"%e#"t" "l" 0to 2re *a+&ta-"t" *lo#"na#$" ,lan o $o%em+*na%+ (oto-o &-e. Ka' %e t+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a 1B. ot-or"lo ,r-e "&tra(e/ one ne &matra%+,o(o'n"m 'a m+ "4 ,re'a%+. Pa #a$ n" ,o&l"%e. Te %e'"n&t-ene "n<ormac"%e/ *a $o%e 3e

T+"tel%&t-o +tro0"t" tol"$o (o'"na 'a 'o)e 'o n%"4/ 2"t 3e 2a#ene + *a2ora-. Na,rot"-/ -e31B. Sara%e-o 'o&ta-l%a ra4am+ 5le?"tt+ " ,r-o,r"&t">(l"m *a,o&len"c"ma T+"tel%&t-a,r"&l+0$"-ane ra*(o-ore & ,o#et$a rata. T+"tel%&t-o 3e "4 '+(o $or"&t"t" &amo 'a ,o,+n"&,"& o Kara'"3+ " lo$aln"m -o)ama $o%" + &-o%"m o,3"nama ,ro-o'e ,ol"t"$+ etn"#$o(#"03en%a. A +,ra-o t" ,r-" ,r"&l+0$"-an" ra*(o-or" ot$r"-a%+ -e*+ & 5eo(ra'om "M"lo0e-"3e- +t%eca% na -o'&t-o 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Al" to %e -r"%eme $a' ra4am 5le?"tt "-el"$ '"o t+"tel%e-a Ure'a ne("ra%+ &-a$+ +m"%e0ano&t 5eo(ra'a. Tre2at 3e &e + "&tra*" oM"lo0e-"3+ #e$at" ot-aran%e '"%ela o 5o&n" ::1. (o'"ne 'a 2" &e na,o$on ,ot,+no"&$or"&t"l".

1:!



Do(azi (oji teš(o terete

U ma%+ 1./ ,r"l"$om 1;. *a&%e'an%a S$+,0t"ne 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ Mla'"3 +,o*ora-a= Nemoemo o#"&t"t" n"t" &-e ,ro&"%at" 'a 2" o'"%el"l" Sr2e o' o&tal"4 " *a'ral" &amo Sr2e/ 'o$ 2"'r+(" ot"0l". Ne *nam $a$o 3e (o&,o'a Kara'"3 " Kra%"0n"$ to o2%a&n"t" &-"%et+. E% l%+'" To2" 2"o (enoc"'... Kara'"3 o'(o-ara= to 'a ra'"mo a$o 'o2"%emo 'ra-+ + $o%o% &mo +man%"n" to 'a ra'"mo a$o na& o,et 2+'+ +2"%al" " a$o %o0 %e'nom na0" ne,r"%atel%" 2+'+ +na0o% 'ra-" E+ro,a ne3e " ne el" ,re+*et" r"*"$ 'a ,+&t" 'a &e o-'%e &t-or" "&lam&$a'ra-a. To %e na0 na%-e3" ,ro2lem. ele 'a o&tanemo & Hr-at"ma +%e'"n%en" + %e'no%'ra-" 5o&n" 'a 2"&mo $ontrol"ral" M+&l"mane. Dra(an Kal"n"3/ %e'an o' Kara'"3e-"4(la-n"4 ,omo3n"$a/ ta'a +*"ma r"%e#= Po*na%+3" na0e ne,r"%atel%e 62o&an&$e M+&l"maneo,. a.9 " n%"4o-+ ,o'm+$lo&t/ " 'o $o%e "m &e m%ere ne &m"%e -%ero-at" 'o$ ne 2+'+ *"#$"/-o%no +n"0ten" " &atrt" 0to o#"to ,ret,o&ta-l%a +$lan%an%e " l"$-"'ac"%+ $l%+#n"4 l%+'"/ neo$l"%e-am o,re'"%el"t" &e *a ,r-o r%e0en%e/ *a rat...

Na %e'nom 'r+(om *a&%e'an%+ S$+,0t"ne/ :. %+la 1!. Kara'"3 %e o2e3ao $r-o,rol"3e+ Sre2ren"c"/ %e'nom o' r"%et$"4 'e,o-a ot,ora $o%+ n"%e o'n"o (olem" -al etn"#$o(#"03en%a $o%" %e/ -e3 + ,rol%e3e 1. "*2r"&ao & $arte m+&l"man&$o/ "a$o -e3"n&$o&tano-n"0t-o na "&to$+ 5o&ne/ na ,o'r+#%+ $o%e o' Sr2"%e '"%el" r"%e$a Dr"na. Sr2" n"&++&,%el" *a+*et" t+ en$la-+ $ra%em *"me " ta %e *ona &ta-l%ena ,o' *a0t"t+ U%e'"n%en"4naro'a. O' ta'a &tr,l%"-o ,r",rema%+ no-" na,a'. Kara'"3 ,ono-o 1B. (o'"ne ,re',re'&ta-n"c"ma 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a &,om"n%e &+'2"n+ m+&l"man&$"4 en$la-a "&to#ne 5o&ne=A$o me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca & nama ,o&t+,a $ao &a "-ot"n%ama/ m" 3emo &e ,ona0at"

$ao "-ot"n%e. Cet-rto( %+la 1B. &na(e (enerala Mla'"3a/ ra&,ore)ene + "&to#no% 5o&n"/,r"ma%+ ,r-e '"re$t"-e o' &-o%e(a (eneral0ta2a= Moramo na&ta-"t" naor+a-at"/+-%e2a-at" " ,r",remat" -o%&$+ 'a "*-e'e o-+ 2"tn+ m"&"%+= "&t%er"-an%e M+&l"mana "*&re2ren"#$e en$la-e. Moramo na,re'o-at". Moramo +-%ete "-ota ne,r"%atel%a +#"n"t"ne,o'no0l%"-"ma/ a n%e(o- ,r"-remen" 2ora-a$ + en$la-" nemo(+3"m. . marta 1G.Kara'"3 &l+2eno ,r"4-a3a "n&tr+$c"%e Mla'"3e-e -o%&$e " ,ot,"&+%e D"re$t"-+ 2r. =Plan"ran"m " 'o2ro ,r",reml%en"m 2or2en"m o,erac"%ama &t-or"te ne,o'no0l%"-+ &"t+ac"%+,ot,+ne ne&"(+rno&t" $o%a ne3e &tano-n"c"ma Sre2ren"ce " e,e o&ta-"t" n"$a$-e na'e +,re"-l%a-an%e "l" "-ot. M"ro&la- Deron%"3/ ,re'&%e'n"$ o,3"ne 5rat+nac/ &+&%e'ne o,3"n"Sre2ren"ca/ #"%e %e etn"#$o #"03en%e +&,%e0no or(an"*"rao 1. "*no&" na &+)en%+ 0to m+

%e Kara'"3 re$ao . %+la 1G.= M"ro&la-e/ mora%+ &-" 2"t" ,o+2"%an" 6...9 &-" $o%e +&,"%ete

+4-at"t". 1!. %+la 1G./ $a' %e en$la-a ,ala/ ,+$o-n"$ L%+2"0a 5eara ,ot-r)+%eDeron%"3+= Do2"o &am nare)en%a & -r4a/ nare)en%a o' -o'a/ 'a +2"%emo &-e*aro2l%en"$e.

1:B



Po&l"%e ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ Kara'"3 o2%a0n%a-a 1G. o$to2ra 1G. ,re' S$+,0t"nom

2o&an&$"4 Sr2a= Kao -r4o-n" *a,o-%e'n"$ 2"o &am +$l%+#en + ,lano-e $o%" &e t"#+ e,e "Sre2ren"ce/ ,o&e2no Sre2ren"ce. O&o2no &am 2ac"o ,o(le' na ,lano-e/ a 'a to ne *na6Mla'"3e- o,. a.9 eneral0ta2. Sl+#a%no &am &+&reo (enerala Kr&t"3a " &a-%eto-ao m+ 'a"'e + Sre2ren"c+ " ,ro(la&" ,a' (ra'a ,r"%e ne(o 0to 2+'emo mo(l" "&t%erat" T+r$e $ro*0+m+ 6$ao 0to %e %a-no o2%a-"o Mla'"3 11. %+la o,. a.9. O'o2r"o &am t+ ra'"$aln+ m"&"%+ "nemam n"$a$-e (r"n%e &a-%e&t" 0to &am to +#"n"o. Na &a&tanc"ma 11. " 1. %+la 1G. +4otel+ Fontana + 5rat+nc+/ Mla'"3 ,r"%et" c"-"ln"m ,re'&ta-n"c"ma Sre2ren"ce= M+&l"man"mo(+ 2"rat" "*me)+ ,re"-l%a-an%a " ne&tan$a/ ra*+m"%ete l" &+'2"na -a0e( naro'a %e +-a0"m r+$ama/ " to ne &amo na o-om ter"tor"%+. Mla'"3 *a4t"%e-a ,re'a%+ 2o0n%a#$"4&na(a $o%e &+ ,o2%e(le ,re$o 2re+l%a$a 'a "*ma$n+ &+'2"n" $o%+ "m %e ,r",remao.N%e(o-a &+(o-orn"$a/ Ne&"2 Man'"3a/ ,re2ac"l" &+ n"*o*em&$e ,la-e $ac"(e/ a o&am

4"l%a'a m+0$araca " mla'"3a "* en$la-e ,o(+2l%eno %e. Samo %e enama/ '%ec" " &tarc"ma'ato 'a ,re"-e ,o' +-%etom 'a ne ,r+a%+ ot,or *a -r"%eme 'e,ortac"%e. Ne$" 3e ",a$ 2"t"+2"%en". I7T8 %e ,o&l"%e ne$ol"$o t%e'ana o,t+"o Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a *a (enoc"'. Ve3'-anae&t (o'"na I7T8 +*al+'no *a4t"%e-a n%"4o-o +4"3en%e.

N" %e'an o' ,r"&l+0$"-an"4 ra*(o-ora "*me)+ M"lo0e-"3a " Kara'"3a me'+ on"ma,re'an"ma I7T8>+/ ne o'no&" &e "*ra-no na (enoc"'. Me)+t"m M"lo0e-"3 n"%e mo(ao ne*nat" Kara'"3e-e (enoc"'ne nam%ere + 5o&n"/ & o2*"rom na n%"4o-e 2l"&$e o'no&e.

T+"tel%&t-o + Ha(+ re$on&tr+"ralo %e -e*e $o%e &,a%a%+ ,re'&%e'n"#$+ ,ala#+ & ,ol%"ma&mrt" ,re$o n%e(o-a +t%eca%a na Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. T"me 'o$a*+%e $a$o %e M"lo0e-"3"*ra-no &+'%elo-ao + "*ra'" &trate0$"4 c"l%e-a *a%e'n"#$o(a *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata + 5o&n".

1:G



D-anae&to( marta 1!. M"lo0e-"3 o2a-%e0ta-a #lano-e Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane o

+,+tama $o%e %e 'ao Kara'"3+= Re$ao &am Ra'o-an+ 'a +#"n" ra'"$alne +&t+,$e 'a 2"&a#+-ao ter"tor"% na l"%e-o% o2al" Dr"ne " $or"'or na &%e-er+ ra'"%e ne(o 'a &e $-a#" *a&-a$" #et-orn" metar &ara%e-&$o( $ra%a. M"lo0e-"3 %e $ontrol"rao Mla'"3a " Kara'"3a.Unato# n%"4o-"m ne&+(la&"cama/ ,o&e2no *a ,re(o-ara#$"m &tolom ('%e %e Kara'"3o'2"%ao &-a$" $om,rom"& -e*an +* ter"tor"%/ M"lo0e-"3 %e " 'al%e/ &-e 'o 1G. -r0"o +t%eca%na t+ '-o%"c+ -o'a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Do$a*" ,r"$a*an" na ,roce&+ ot$r"-a%+ ,o're)eno&tMla'"3a M"lo0e-"3+. o&,o'ar + 5eo(ra'+ na'*"rao %e 'e <acto &-e &na(e &r,&$"4 -o%&$"=-o%&$+ 5eo(ra'a " n%e*"ne ,ro'+et$e + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%. Za 5eo(ra'/ o-e &+ tr" -o%&$e2"le %e'na te "&ta -o%&$a/ *a'+ena 'a o&t-ar" ,ol"t"$+ etn"#$o( #"03en%a. F"nanc"rane &+ "*"&to( ,rora#+na " o-"&"le &+ o "&to% ,ol"t"#$o% -la&t" $o%a %e o'l+#"-ala o nanc"ran%+/ "&,lat"'o4o'a$a/ +na,re)en%"ma/ ,rem%e0tan%+ $a'ro-a/ lo("&t"#$o% ,ot,or" " &trate0$"m

,lano-"ma. No ta -r4o-na -la&t n"%e n"t$o 'r+(" ne(o Vr4o-n" &a-%et o2rane 6VSO9&m%e0ten + &re'"0t+ -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+. Vla'a%+3" ,oloa% M"lo0e-"3a + VSO>+ #"n"o (a %e(la-n"m Mla'"3e-"m 0e<om. Mla'"3 " #lano-" n%e(o-a &toera " &am" &+ o2"#a-al" re3"= Ne,r"mamo nare)en%a o' Kara'"3a. A $oman'ant eneral0ta2a + 5eo(ra'+/ Mom#"loPer"0"3/ ,ot-r'"o %e to + a,r"l+ 1G./ +o#" ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"= M" "mamo -"0e +t%eca%ana n%"4 ne(o Kara'"3 #"%" %e c"l% ,ro(+rat" 0to -"0e oc"ra $o%" &+ #lano-" n%e(o-e &tran$e/SDS>a/ 'a 2" "mao +t%eca%a na -o%&$+. A Mla'"3 +,ra-o to el" &,r"%e#"t". Al" Kara'"3 %e2"o ,r"%e$o ,otre2an 'a "*ra*" (enoc"'ne nam%ere/ 'a ,ot,"0e '"re$t"-e " ,re+*me 'e %+re+lo(+ -r4o-no( *a,o-%e'n"$a na' &na(ama $o%e 'e <acto ne $ontrol"ra/ " ta$o omo(+3"5eo(ra'+ 'a &$"ne &a &e2e &-a$+ ,ra-n+ o'(o-orno&t. I,a$/ 2a0 %e + 0ta2+ + U*"cama/-o%nom &re'"0t+ na *a,a'+ &re'n%e Sr2"%e/ ,lan"rana " ,r",reml%ena o<en*"-a na

Sre2ren"c+/ + $oor'"nac"%" "*me)+ Rat$a Mla'"3a " Mom#"la Per"0"3a/ ,rema '"re$t"-ama,ol"t"#$"4 -la&t" "* 5eo(ra'a. O'atle (olema o'(o-orno&t M"lo0e-"3e-e 'ra-e *a (enoc"'+ Sre2ren"c".

O&"m -o%&$e/ M"lo0e-"3 %e 'e %+re na'*"rao (la-ne ,ol"c"%&$e &na(e Sr2"%e/ re'o-"te "&,ec"%alne/ $o%e &+ ta$o)er &+'%elo-ale + *lo#"n"ma + 5o&n". Na M"lo0e-"3e- *a4t%e- ne$e&,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce o,&$r2l%ene &+ "*-anre'n"m nanc"%&$"m " lo("&t"#$"m &re'&t-"ma/,r"m%er"ce/ ,o*nate 7r-ene 2eret$e/ ,ra-" e&$a'ron" &mrt" + &l+2" M"lo0e-"3a " n%e(o-a*lo#"na#$o( ,ro%e$ta. V"'eo>*a,"& &n"ml%en + n%"4o-+ *at-orenom ta2or+ + K+l"/ &%e-ernoo' 5eo(ra'a/ B. rna%a 1./ ,r"(o'om 0e&te (o'"0n%"ce o&n+t$a te ,o *l+ ,o*nate

%e'"n"ce/ ,o$a*+%e *a,o-%e'n"$a "-o%"na I-ano-"3a $a$o 'r" *'ra-"c+ + #a&t M"lo0e-"3a

$o%" %e 'o0ao o'rat" &motr+ &-o%"4 tr+,a= //U &l+2" 0e<a 'ra-e Zat"m Jo-"ca Stan"0"3/0e< Sl+2e 'ra-ne &"(+rno&t"/G: M"lo0e-"3e-a 'e&na r+$a *a ,rl%a-e ,o&lo-e/ 'o'a%e=o&,o'"ne ,re'&%e'n"#e/ &-e 0to &mo 'o&a' na,ra-"l"/ na,ra-"l" &mo +* Va0 ,r"&tana$ "o2a-%e0ta-a%+3" Va&. . %+la 1G./ $a' Kara'"3 $ae M"ro&la-+ Deron%"3+ 'a &-"

1:;



&re2ren"#$" M+&l"man" $o%" &t"(n+ + n%e(o-+ o,3"n+ ,o&l"%e *a+*"man%a te en$la-e mora%+

2"t" +2"%en"/ 2"o %e na "*la&$+ &a &a&tan$a & Jo-"com Stan"0"3em $o%e(a %e M"lo0e-"3 ,o&lao&r,&$om -o'&t-+ + 5o&n". Dan ,r"%e " Stan"0"3e- ,omo3n"$/ Fran$o "mato-"3/ 2"o %e +5o&n"/ + Vla&en"c"/ eneral0ta2+ &r,&$"4 &na(a $o%e &+ '-a 'ana ,r"%e ,o$ren+le o<en*"-+na Sre2ren"c+. 1!. %+la/ + %e$+ ,o$ol%a/ *a,o-%e'n"$ %+(o&la-en&$e -o%&$e Mom#"lo Per"0"3,ot,"&+%e nare'2+ $o%om *a,o-"%e'a tr"'e&etor"c" &-o%"4 #a&n"$a 'a $ren+ + 5o&n+.Petnae&to( %+la on" &+ &t"(l" + *on+ Sre2ren"ce " &ta-"l" &e + &l+2+ Mla'"3+. O,et %e5eo(ra' ,r",rem"o " omo(+3"o "*-r0en%e ,lana o&"(+ra-0" &e ,ret4o'no 'a n%e(o-" l%+'"/ +-r"%eme $a' 2+'+ &+'%elo-al" + *lo#"n"ma/ 2+'+ ,o' na'leno03+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ ta$o 'amo(+ n"%e$at" 2"lo $a$-+ +m"%e0ano&t Sr2"%e " n%e*"na &-emo3no( 0e<a.

Da 2" +-%er"lo + "*ra-n+ M"lo0e-"3e-+ +m"%e0ano&t + (enoc"'n" ,lan/ a ,o&e2no + n%e(o-o

"*-r0en%e + Sre2ren"c"/ t+"tel%&t-o %o0 nema %e'n+ 'r+(+ -">'eo&n"m$+/ $o%a 3e 2"t",r"$a*ana na ra&,ra-" 1. %+na ::G./ a $o%a ,o$a*+%e $or,"one/ 'r+(" e&$a'ron &mrt"/$o%" %e &t-or"la Sl+2a 'ra-ne &"(+rno&t" Sr2"%e/ ra&,ore)en + o$ol"c" Sre2ren"ce *a-r"%eme ,o$ol%a/ $a$o ,o(+2l%+%e %e'no(a ,o %e'no(a 0e&t mla'"4 M+&l"mana "* teen$la-e.G1 Do$a*" 'o $o%"4 &+ ,o#et$om ::G. 'o0l" "&tra"tel%" I7T8>a/ ,ot-r)+%+,r",a'no&t $or,"ona

G: Za,ra-o Sl+2a 'ra-ne 2e*2e'no&t" 6o,. +r.9 G1 rt-e/ &tano-n"c" Sre2ren"ce/ 2"l" &+ J+&o Del"3

61; (o'"na9/ A*m"r Al"&,a4"3 61 (o'"na9/

1:



M"n"&tar&t-+ +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a Sr2"%e. Vo%ne $n%""ce/ ratn" ra&,ore'/ 2ro% Po' $o%"m &e

-o'e/ *'ra-&t-ene ,ot-r'e -o%&$e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a *a one $o%" &+ + o,erac"%ama 2"l"ran%en"/ $ona#no &+ omo(+3"l" 'a &e *a+-"%e$ o'2ac" &-a$a &+mn%a o "*ra-no%M"lo0e-"3e-o% o'(o-orno&t" *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ 0to &+ -el"$" '"o T+"tel%&t-a $ao "*a,a'ne -la'e +-"%e$ o'2ac"-al".G Po&lan" + 5o&n+ 'e&et 'ana ,r"%e ,o#et$a o<en*"-e naSre2ren"c+/ $or,"on"/ $ao " &-e ,ol"c"%&$e " -o%ne %e'"n"ce $o%e &+ 'o0le "* Sr2"%e/ &ta-l%en"&+ + #a&+ *lo#"na ,o' *a,o>-%e'n"0t-o lo$aln"4 -o%n"4 -la&t" 'a &e ,r"$r"%e "*ra-na+m"%e0ano&t 5eo(ra'a. Fran$o "mato-"3/ *a,o-%e'n"$ &,ec"%aln"4 o,erac"%a +M"n"&tar&t-+ +n+tarn%"4 ,o&lo-a Sr2"%e/ ",a$ &e nala*" + 5o&n"/ +'al%en '-a &ata -on%e o'Sre2ren"ce/ + (la-nom &%e'"0t+ &,ec"%aln"4 %e'"n"ca na Ja4or"n"/ + ,lan"n" "*na' Sara%e-a.

Or"("nal" *a,"&n"$a VSO>a " Sa-%eta *a ,ol"t"#$o +&$la)"-an%e/ "n&tance $o%a o$+,l%a &r,&$e

-o'e "* 5o&ne " one "* 5eo(ra'a/ ,o$a*+%+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 *a4t"%e-ao 'a (a n%e(o-e&l+2e &-a$o'ne-no o2a-%e0ta-a%+ o &"t+ac"%" + 5o&n" " 'a %e ra&,ola(ao ,o&e2n"mtele<on&$"m l"n"%ama $o%e &+ (a/ $a' (o' %e to 4t"o/ ,o-e*"-ale & Kara'"3em " Mla'"3em.Po$a*+%+ ta$o)er 'a M"lo0e-"3 1G. na&ta-l%a ,rat"t" ra*-o% 'o(a)a%a + 5o&n"/ ,o&e2no,r"%e/ *a -r"%eme " ,o&l"%e ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ " 'a na%man%e %e'nom + tom ra*'o2l%+tele<on"ra Mla'"3+. O'atle $ont"n+"tet M"lo0e-"3e-"4 (enoc"'n"4 nam%era. V"0e &a&tana$ana -r4+ ,o$a*+%+ M"lo0e-"3e- ,re0+tn" ,r"&tana$ na *-%er&t-a $o%a &+ + Sre2ren"c" +,ra-o,o#"n"le ra*ne &na(e $o%e &+ ta'a o$+,l%ene ,o' Mla'"3e-om *a,o-%e'n"0t-om/ +*M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,o'r0$+ " $ontrol+.

Za (enoc"'n+ nam%er+ ne o$r"-l%+%e &e &amo ona% t$o %e ,lan"rao "l" nare'"o (enoc"'/

ne(o &e moe o$r"-"t" " &-a$a o&o2a $o%a %e mo(la ,re'-"'%et" (enoc"'ne nam%ere &-o%"4&a-e*n"$a " $o%a %e/ *a4-al%+%+3" -la&t" $o%+ %e "mala na' n%"ma/ "mala mo3 &,r"%e#"t" 'a &eone ,ro-e'+ + '%elo/ al" to n"%e +#"n"la. T+"tel%&t-o/ 'a$le/ 'o'atno *a&t+,a t+ 'r+(+ra*"n+ M"lo0e-"3e-e o'(o-orno&t" *a (enoc"'. V"0e me)+naro'n"4 &-%e'o$a/ $ao 0to &+e&le 7lar$/ -o%n" &a-%etn"$ ,r" amer"#$om ,re(o-ara#$om t"m+/ 2r"tan&$" (eneralR+,ert Sm"t4/ *a,o-%e'n"$ ,la-"4 $ac"(a + 5o&n"/ "l" Amer"$anac Da-"' Harlan' "*O'%ela c"-"ln"4 ,o&lo-a UN>a + 5o&n"/ ,ot-r)+%+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 2"o o2a-"%e0ten o nam%er"-o'a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 'a ,o#"ne $r-o,rol"3e -el"$"4 ra*m%era + Sre2ren"c". Me)+t"m/ *2o(&-o%e( +t%eca%a " 4"%erar4"%&$e -la&t" "mao %e mo3 'a to &,r"%e#". Pr" %e'nom &+&ret+ 1.a+(+&ta 1G. + 5eo(ra'+/ e&le 7lar$ %e ,"tao M"lo0e-"3a $o%" (a %e +,ra-o +-%era-ao'a %e o-la0ten ,re(o-arat" o m"r+ + "me 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a " %am#"t" 'a 3e &e e-ent+aln"

'o(o-or ,o0to-at"= o&,o'"ne ,re'&%e'n"#e 6...9 a$o "mate ta$a- +t%eca% na Sr2e + 5o&n"6...9 $a$o to 'a &te Mla'"3+ 'o,+&t"l" 'a +2"%e &-e te o&o2e + Sre2ren"c" A M"lo0e-"3 %eo'(o-or"o= E4/ (enerale 7lar$/ %a &am m+ &a-%eto-ao 'a to ne +#"n"/ al" me on n"%e,o&l+0ao. Tr" 0"<r"rane ,or+$e 'at"rane 11. %+la 1G. ,o$a*+%+ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 2"o

1:



o2a-"%e0ten o &"t+ac"%" + Sre2ren"c" " 'a %e mo(ao ,re'-"'%et" (enoc"'ne nam%ere &-o%"4

&a-e*n"$a. Je'na 'e,e0a ,rec"*"ra 'a 3e -o%&$a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a -%ero-atno ra*'-o%"t"m+0$arce $o%" &+ 'o-ol%no &tar" 'a rat+%+ o' o&tat$a &tano-n"0t-a/ a &na(e UNPROFOR>ane3e t+ mo3" ,omo3". Pra$t"#ne te0$o3e & $o%"ma 3e &e morat" &+o#"t" -o%&$a 2o&an&$"4Sr2a 'a 2" $ontrol"rala #etr'e&et 4"l%a'a l%+'" 2e* &+mn%e 3e %e na(nat" 'a ne ,ro'+a-ate0$e +-%ete &tano-n"$a Sre2ren"ce. Uo&talom/ &a&tanc" VSO>a ,o&l"%e ,o$ol%a +Sre2ren"c" ,o$a*+%+ 'a M"lo0e-"3 o'o2ra-a *-%er&t-a. N" + %e'nom tren+t>$+ neo&+)+%e$r-o,rol"3e. Na,rot"-/ #e&t"ta Mla'"3+ na -o%nom +&,%e4+ " na malo2ro%no&t" l%+'&$"4(+2"ta$a $o%e %e ,retr,"o/ " ,r"*na%e 'a %e 2"o + $onta$>t+ & Mla'"3em *a -r"%eme na,a'ana Sre2ren"c+ " e,+. Na$on ,a'a Sre2rene tele<on&$" $ae Rat$+ Mla'"3+/ + na*o#no&t"Mom#"la Per"0"3a= Rat$o/ nnoe0 l" "*m%er"t" c"%en+ &-o%e -o%ne ,o2%e'e 7"%ena %e ,etmrt-"4/ '-a'e&et ran%en"4 " %e'no "*(+2l%eno -o*"lo. To n"%e &$+,o ,la3eno. Al" ,ol"t"#$a

c"%ena mo(la 2" 2"t" m"l"on ,+ta -"0a a$o to 'o-e'e + ,"tan%e "ntere&e '-anae&t m"l"nal%+'" 6m"&l" na &r,&$" naro' o,. a.9. M"lo0e-"3 &e ta'a 2o%" 'a 3e -el"$e &"le o'2"t" ,r"*nat"n%e(o-a no-a o&-a%an%a. Al" #"n" &e 'a %e +2r*o 'o2"o ,ot-r'+ 'a 3e en$la-e e,a "Sre2ren"ca *a ,re(o-ara#$"m &tolom ,r",a&t" Sr2"ma. 1B. a+(+&ta 1G. +,+t"o %e &-o%"m&+ra'n"c"ma o-e r"%e#"= On" 6Mla'"3 " n%e(o-" l%+'" o,. a.9 *a+*el" &+ e,+ ('%e n"$a'a n"

%e'an Sr2"n n"%e +0ao. P"tam &e #a$ %e l" "%e'an &r,&$" tr(o-ac "$a'a &t+,"o t+ no(om o'Dr+(o(a &-%et&$o( rata %er %e to

Sa<et Fe%*"3 61 (o'"na9/ D"no Sal"4o-"3 6: (o'"na9/ Sma"l I2ra4"mo-"3 6!G (o'"na9 " Sa'"$ Sal$"36!; (o'"na9.

G Pr"*"-no -"%e3e I7T8>a ,ot-r'"lo %e 'a *lo#"n" ,o#"n%en" + Sre2ren"c" &,a'a%+ + (enoc"'. Sl+#a%Ra'o&la-a Kr&t"3a/ &+)en%e + ,r"*"-+ / I7T8/ 1;. a,r"la ::B.

1:



-e3 -"0e o' &to (o'"na m+&l"man&$a en$la-a. D-a'e&et ,eto( a+(+&ta ,r" &+&ret+ na

-r4+ & -o)ama 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a + 5eo(ra'+/ na%a-l%+%e 'a ne3e morat" -rat"t" en$la-e $o%e3e 2"t" ,r"$l%+#ene 2e* 2or2e &r,&$"m ,o'r+#%"ma. G. a+(+&ta/ &amo ne$ol"$o t%e'ana,r"%e ot-aran%a m"ro-n"4 ,re(o-ora + Daton+/ M"lo0e-"3 'o'a%e= A$o M+&l"man" o'2"%+m"ro-n" &,ora*+m/ 2"t 3e "m re#eno 'a o&ta%+ &am" & Damo$lo-"m ma#em na' (la-om +o2l"$+ (enerala Mla'"3a. Mla'"3a/ $o%" %e na*o#an &a&tan$+/ &-" &+ #lano-" Vr4o-no(&a-%eta o2rane 'o#e$al" $ao 4ero%a. M"lo0e-"3 n"%e o$l"%e-ao ,o*'ra-"t" ono/ ,rema n%em+#a&no/ 0to &+ "*-r0"l" Mla'"3 " n%e(o-" oc"r". M"lo0e-"3 %e ne &amo o'o2ra-ao ne(o %e "'"%el"o nam%er+ 'a &e ,o#"n" (enoc"' ne ,o$+0a-a%+3" (a n"$a'a &,r"%e#"t"/ *2o( #e(a&no&" $a*nen+ o'(o-orno&t.

Po4je%a -ar&e %e& Ponte

T+"tel%&t-o %e 'o $ra%a o$l"%e-alo/ l+talo/ (+2"lo &e + mean'r"ma ,o-"%e&t" $o%+ &+"&$r"-l%a-ale ,re'ra&+'e/ ne,o*na-an%e/ *le nam%ere/ nam%erna ,re0+3"-an%a " la" on"4$o%" n"&+ 4t%el" 'a &e &a*na. Na $onc+ &+ #"n%en"ce ,ro(o-or"le &ame/ m"mo &-a$o(o#e$"-an%a. Al"/ 2e* "nter-enc"%e &tr+#n%a$a *a (enoc"'/ nametn+t"4 + *a'n%" #a&/ te#"n%en"ce mo'a ne 2" ot$r"le &-e ta%ne/ tol"$o &+ "4 ,o2"%al" eoYre N"ce " '"o n%e(o-at"ma. Ne -%er+%+3" + M"lo0e-"3e-+ $r"-n%+ *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ N"ce %e ,re'ao S+'+'o$a*e ne o$r"-l%+%+3" (a +&,%e0no *a (enoc"'. Um%e&to 'a +-%era-a &+ce + M"lo0e-"3e-+o'(o-orno&t *a (enoc"'/ "*-an &-a$e ra*+mne &+mn%e/ tr+'"o &e +-%era-at" 7arl+ 'el

Ponte 'a o'+&tane o' $a*neno( ,ro(ona " "*ol"rat" Dermota roomea/ amer"#$o(t+"tel%a/ "a$o *a'+eno( *a '"o o,t+n"ce o 5o&n". Um%e&to 'a ,omae Tr"2+nal+ +tra(an%+ *a "&t"nom/ +,+&t"o &e + "(r+ -el"$"4 &"la.G!

U &r"%e'+ 1;. %+na ::B. &+c" &+ 'on"%el" o'l+$+. Smatra%+ 'a &+ o' T+"tel%&t-a ,r"m"l"'o&ta 'o$a*a 'a *a're &-"4 0e*'e&et 0e&t ta#a$a o,t+n"ce Me'+ n%"ma " o,t+2+ *a(enoc"' Sre2ren"c+ " Sara%e-o. U to% ,r"%e-remeno% ,ro&+'2" &+c" &+ na,"&al"= enoc"'nanam%era -o'a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a moe &e *a$l%+#"t" "* &-"4 elemenata 'o$a*a $o%" &+ na)en".Ra*m%er" " $ara$ter"&t"$e na,a'a/ n%"4o-a %a#"na/ -el"$" 2ro% +2"%en"4 M+&l"mana + &e'amo,3"na 6*a'ran"4 + o,t+n"c" o,. a.9/ *ato#a-an%e M+&l"mana/ na&"l%a $o%a &+ ,retr,%el" +*at-oren"#$"m centr"ma " 'r+('%e/ $ao " +$lan%an%e o&o2a 2"tn"4 *a ,re"-l%a-an%eM+&l"mana $ao &$+,"ne/ &-e &+ to #"n"oc" $o%" o2"l%ea-a%+ (enoc"'. Zat"m 'o'a%+=

S+'&$o -"%e3e mo(lo 2" 2"t" +-%ereno/ "*na' &-a$e ra*+mne &+mn%e/ 'a %e o,t+en"$&+'%elo-ao + *a%e'n"#$om *lo#"na#$om ,ot4-at+ $o%" %e +$l%+#"-ao -o'e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a "'a %e "mao *a%e'n"#$" c"l% " nam%er+ +n"0t"t" '"o m+&l"man&$o( &tano-n"0t-a 5o&ne $ao&$+,"ne & o2*"rom na -la&t " +t%eca% $o%e %e M"lo0e-"3 "mao na' -o'ama 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/

11:



*2o( n%e(o-a '+2o$o( ,o*na-an%a &-"4 ,o'+*et"4 m%era " &-e(a 0to &e &lalo na <ront+/

*2o( lo("&t"#$e " nanc"%&$e ,ot,ore Sr2"ma + 5o&n" " t"%e&n"4 -e*a "*me)+ -o%&$e +5eo(ra'+ " -o%&$e Sr2a + 5o&n". I $ao *a$l%+#a$= O,t+en"$ %e *nao *a (enoc"'n" ,lan*a%e'n"#$o( *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata " '"%el"o %e & n%e(o-"m #lano-"ma nam%er+ +n"0ten%a'"%ela m+&l"man&$o( &tano-n"0t-a $ao &$+,"ne na ter"tor"%"ma 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne *a$o%e %e 2"lo ,re'-")eno 'a &e +$l%+#e + &r,&$+ 'ra-+. U* to/ M"lo0e-"3 %e *nao "l" %e"mao ra*lo(a *nat" 'a &e ne$e o&o2e/ $o%"ma %e 2"o 4"%erar4"%&$" na're)en/ &,rema%+,o#"n"t" "l" &+ ,o#"n"le (enoc"' ,rot"- '"%ela m+&l"man&$o( &tano-n"0t-a $ao &$+,"ne +5r#$om/ Pr"%e'or+/ San&$om Mo&t+/ Sre2ren"c"/ 5"%el%"n" " 5o&an&$om No-om/ " n"%e,o'+*eo ,otre2ne m%ere 'a &,r"%e#" "*-r0en%e to( *lo#"na "l" 'a $a*n" ,o#"n"tel%e.GB

G! eoYre N"ce %e ,r"*nao 'a %e + mla'o&t" ra'"o + 2r"tan&$"m o2a-%e0ta%n"m &l+2ama.U ra*(o-or+ ,o#et$om ma%a ::. *a &ara%e-&$" t%e'n"$ Dan" A*em Vlla&"/ 2"-0" al2an&$"

-"&o$" '+no&n"$ & Ko&o-a/ $o%e(a %e eoYre- N"ce nam%era-ao ,o*-at" *a &-%e'o$a +M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,roce&+/ ot$r"o %e 'a %e 2r"tan&$" *am%en"$ t+"tel%a 2"o a(ent MI;. Za

%e'no( n%"4o-a &+&reta + 5eo(ra'+ eoYre- N"ce &e 4-al"o 'a %e *a ra#+n 2r"tan&$"4&l+2" o2a-l%ao %e'n+ m"&"%+ + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" ,r"l"$om (la&o-"to( 5r"%+n&$o( ,len+ma +

%+l+ 1;;. $o%" %e 'o-eo 'o &m%ene 0e<a %+(o&la-en&$"4 ta%n"4 &l+2"/ Sr2"na Ale$&an'raRan$o-"3a. N"ce %e ta'a "mao '-a'e&et %e'n+ (o'"n+. I*-or= A*em Vla&"/ Ko&o-o 3e 2"t"ne*a-"&no/ Sena' Pe3an"n/ Dan"/ 2r. G1;/ Sara%e-o/ B. ma%a ::. GB Pre&+'a ,o,r"%e'lo(+ *a 'ono0en%e o&lo2a'a%+3e ,re&+'e ,o #lan$+ . 2"&/ o' 1;. a,r"la ::B/X&l+#a% M"lo0e-"3W/ I7T8. U,o*ora-amo 'a %e %a-na -er*"%a te o'l+$e o#"03ena o' 'o$a*a$o%" &+ ,r"$a*an" "*a *at-oren"4 -rata "l" on"4 $o%" &+ ,o' ,o&e2n"m m%erama *a0t"te/,o&e2no ne$" '"%elo-" ar4"-a Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9.

111



Pravo &i,e S&o4o%ana Mi&oševi#a

T"%e$om ,roce&a o2rana n"%e ,o2"%ala (la-ne t-r'n%e o,t+2e. M"lo0e-"3 n"%e ,o$+0a-aoo&,ora-at" o,t+2+ *a (enoc"'/ on %+ %e ,ot,+no ,re0+3"-ao/ o&"m 'a %e o$rene ,rot"-NATO>a. Drae &+ m+ 2"le ,ol"t"#$e '"(re&"%e/ ne,re&tano %e "*m"cao o,t+2"/ $or"&t"o &e&-o%om mo3" '"&$-al"c"ran%a $a$o 2" +*'rmao &-%e'o$e " o&ta%ao na%#e03e "*-an teme.

Jer on &e + ,r-om re'+/ o' &amo( ,o#et$a &-o%e(a ,roce&a/ tr+'"o n"%e$at" &-o% ,oloa%o,t+en"$a " 2ran"t" &r,&$e nac"onal"&t"#$e "ntere&e -"0e ne(o &amo(a &e2e. Ta$o ono,t++%e me)+naro'n+ *a-%er+ ,rot"- &r,&$o( naro'a/ ,ret-ara &e + t+"tel%a ,rot"-Za,a'a 2e* o2*"ra na $on$retne #"n%en"ce $o%e m+ t+"tel%&t-o &ta-l%a na teret " na&t-arno&t ono(a 0to &+ ,re"-%el" &-%e'oc" $o%" &e re'a%+. Za2ora-l%a o'(o-arat" na

o,t+2e $o%e (a terete/ ne mare3" *a ,o&l%e'"ce $a' &e &+c" 2+'+ moral" "*%a&n"t" o+$+,no&t" ,r"$a*an"4 'o$a*a %e'ne " 'r+(e &trane. N%e(o-o 2o%no ,ol%e %e ,ol"t"$a/ a,ra-'+ m+ &e el" ,o&ta-"t" "*na' n%e. eoYre N"ce/ $o%" (a %e ,romatrao o$o 4"l%a'+o&am &tot"na &at" ra&,ra-e/ $ol"$o %e tra%ao ,roce&/ ,r"m%e3+%e ,r"l"$om %e'no( &+&reta &,o&%et"tel%"ma T+"tel%&t-a= //U ,o#et$+ M"lo0e-"3 n"%e 2"o + &tan%+ -o'"t" +na$r&na"&,"t"-an%a. Zat"m %e 'o2"o &a-%ete " 2r*o %e na+#"o. 5"lo %e *a#+)+%+3e -"'%et" (a $a$o,o&t+,a/ &-a$" ,+t na "&t" na#"n. Una$r&na "&,"t"-an%a +-"%e$ %e *a,o#"n%ao ,ol"t"#$"m,r"m%e'2ama/ *at"m 2" &+c" *atra"l" 'a &e $oncentr"ra na ,"tan%a ,o&ta-l%ena + (la-nom"&,"t"-an%+/ on'a 2" &e ,re,"rao *2o( -remena $o%e m+ %e 'o'"%el%eno " 'al%e 2" "*la*"o"*-an teme $or"&te3" r"%e# $o%+ "ma 'a 2ran" &-o%e te*e. Ka' 2" "&te$lo -r"%eme $o%e %e "maona ra&,ola(an%+/ "&t"cao %e 'a m+ o&ta%e -el"$" 2ro% ,"tan%a $o%a mora ,o&ta-"t" &-%e'o$+.

Ta'a 2" m+ &+c" o'o2r"l" ,ro'+eta$/ " + t"4 *a'n%"4 'e&et>'-a'e&et m"n+ta ,o&ta-l%ao 2","tan%a $a$-a 2" ,o&ta-l%ao 'o2ar o'-%etn"$ o2rane. M"lo0e-"3e- c"l% +-"%e$ %e 2"o ote*an%e,roce&a/ ta$o 'a %e +-"%e$ #e$ao *a'n%" #a& 'a ,o&ta-" ,"tan%a $o%a 2" mo(la +2ac"t"&+mn%+ + m"0l%en%e &+'aca.

M"lo0e-"3 %e +mro 11. marta ::;./ 'e&et 'ana/ o'no&no #etr'e&et &at" ra&,ra-e ,r"%e*a$l%+#en%a o2rane. Ne3e &e/ 2e* &+mn%e/ n"$a' 'o*nat" %e&+ l" &+c" nam%era-al" ,ot-r'"t""l" ne &-o%+ o'l+$+ o' 1;. %+na ::B. " o&+'"t" M"lo0e-"3a *a (enoc"' "l" &+'%elo-an%e +(enoc"'+. Ka$o 2"lo 'a 2"lo/ *a,"&n"c" Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane "mal" 2" -el"$+ te"n+ nato% -a(".

Proce&/ #a$ " ne*a-r0en *2o( n%e(o-e &mrt"/ o(ol"o %e Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a. Ne$" &+ (a+&,ore)"-al" & H"tlerom/ &r,&$a o,o*"c"%a ra'"%e (a %e na*"-ala Sa'amom. N"%e 2"o n" %e'non" 'r+(o. I,a$ %e o'l+#"-ao o &+'2"n" m"l"ona l%+'" + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" $o%" %o0 +-"%e$ &m+$om 2r"0+ *na$o-e to( ne#a&no( '%ela. Zato 0to n"&+ 2"l" Sr2" " %er &+ &am"m t"me

11



ometal" n%e(o-e ,lano-e/ 'an "m %e "*2or "*me)+ ,+tno( $o-#e(a " ma&o-ne (ro2n"ce.

5al$an&$" $ol%a# ,o$ren+o %e *lo#"na#$+ ma0"ner"%+ $o%o% n"$a'a n"%e "&,+&t"o +,ra-l%a#.U*al+' &e ,ret-arao 'a "(ra +lo(+ mo'eratora ,re' me)+naro'nom *a%e'n"com/ $o%a %e&talno o' n%e(a tra"la 'a +m"r" *lo#"na#$e &tra&t" &-o%e 2ra3e + 5o&n" "l" Hr-at&$o% 'o$ "m

%e "&to-remeno on 'a-ao &re'&t-a 'a te &tra&t" +'e&etero&tr+#e. St-or"o %e &+&ta-,ara-ana "*a $o%"4 &e &$r"-ao &r,&$+ -o%&$+ + 5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%/ ,ara-o%ne &$+,"ne/&,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce n%e(o-e ,ol"c"%e $o%e &+ m"%en%ale o2"%el%a $a' 2" &e "&$rca-ale nara*l"#"ta rat"0ta/ ,a #a$ " ta%ne ra#+>ne " ,ara-an>t-rt$e ra&,r0ene ,o c"%elom &-"%et+/ 'a2" na&ta-"la &na2'"%e-at" or+%em " (or"-om ratn" &tro%. 7entral"*"rao %e &-+ -la&t/ al" %e'%elo-ao ,re$o *a&t+,n"$a 'a 2" 2ol%e *ameo tra(o-e/ +man%"o &-o%+ o'(o-orno&t/ +#"n"o

%e (oto-o ne-"'l%"-om. P+t $o%" -o'" o' ,ol%a &mrt" 'o n%e(o-e ,ala#e ,ret-or"o %e + ,ra-"la2"r"nt. Me)+naro'no %a-no mn"%en%e 2r*o %e na0lo ,re#ac " -el"$om -e3"nom &4-a3alo 'a

on -+#e &-e $once. Za,a'n" '+no&n"c" ta$o)er/ al" on" &+ to ,re0+3"-al" *2o( &tra4a 'a"m &e ne ,r"(o-or" $a$o ,re(o-ara%+ & $r-olo#n"m ,re'&%e'n"$om +m%e&to 'a (a&e ,oar.

La " ,or"can%e (la-no &+ m+ or+%e/ ono $o%e +-"%e$ ,rat" ma&o-ne *lo#"ne. Al"me)+naro'n" '",lomat" " 'al%e &+ &e ,ret-aral" 'a (a mo(+ ,r"-e&t" ra*+m+. D+(o &+'o,+0tal" 'a "4 o,#"n" ta% #o-%e$ " n%e(o-a mo3. Pr"*na-al" &+ m+ "&t"n&$+ $ar"*m+/ mo3<a&c"nac"%e/ "ntel"(enc"%+ ta$o)er. Na%#e03e &+ (a o,"&"-al" $ao o'l+#na al" +(la)ena#o-%e$a/ l%+2"tel%a -"&$"%a " 'o2r"4 c"(ara/ ne+morna ,re(o-ara#a. R"%et$" &+ 2"l" on" $o%" &+o&+)"-al" n%e(o- c"n"*am. Za -r"%eme n%e(o-a ,roce&a/ M"lo0e-"3 %e na&ta-l%ao t+'-o&tr+$+ "(r+. Prema me)+naro'n"m &-%e'oc"ma *nao %e ,o$a*"-at" o're)en+&m%erno&t/ #a$ " $a' "4 %e ,o$+0a-ao '"&$-al"c"rat".

11!



M"lo0e-"3 *na nan%+0"t" mo3 " *na $a$o n%ome man",+l"rat". Prema &-%e'oc"ma>rt-ama/

&el%an"ma $o%e %e ne$a'a *a4-at"o n%e(o- ratn" &tro%/ a &a'a +*nem"ren"ma t"m &+&retomo#" + o#" 2e* ,o&re'n"$a/ on $o%" %e &am ,re+*eo &-o%+ o2ran+/ ,o$a*+%e ,re*"r/ $or"&t" &e&tra4om $o%" %o0 "*a*"-a/ #a$ " &a' $a' %e o&tao 2e* -la&t" " &lo2o'e/ ta$o 'a 3e ne$"o'&t+,"t" "* &+'n"ce. Sa &-o%"m 2"-0"m &+ra'n"c"ma $o%" 'ola*e &-%e'o#"t" ,rot"- n%e(a"*m%en%+%e o2ra3an%e & -" " t"/ o-"&no o ,oloa%+ $o%" &+ ne$a'a *a+*"mal" " o n%"4o-o%&,o&o2no&t" 'a m+ na0tete/ o-"&no o tome el" l" "4 ,ono-o ,o&ta-"t" + n"" ,oloa% 'a 2""4 la$0e ,o're'"o "l" "4 na,rot"- el" ,r","tom"t" ,o&ta-l%a%+3" "4 + ra-no,ra-an ,oloa%. GG

Pre'&%e'n"$a S+'&$o( -"%e3a M"lo0e-"3 +-"%e$ o&lo-l%a-a & (o&,o'"ne/ n"$a' &,re'&%e'n"#e "l" #a&n" &+'e/ $ao 0to n" o-a% n%em+ ne ,r"*na%e 2"-0" na&lo- 0e<a'ra-e. M"lo0e-"3 ,roc%en%+%e &-o%e ,rot"-n"$e "/ $ao -el"$" ma%&tor man",+lac"%e/,r"la(o'a-a &-o%e 'ran%e o-"&no o to% ,roc%en". Ca$ " + ,r"t-or+ I7T8>a n"%e &e ,re&tao

,ona0at" o2a*r"-o ,rema o&o2l%+/ ,"ta%+3" *a *'ra-l%e n%"4o-"4 o2"tel%"/ #"me 3e *a-r"%e'"t",al%"-"%e ,o&t+,an%e. O' 'r+("4 *at-oren"$a tra" 'a (a o&lo-l%a-a%+ & (o&,o'"ne,re'&%e'n"#e.

Pra-" M"lo0e-"3 nala*" &e 'r+('%e/ "*a ne$"4 'r+("4 *at-oren"4 -rata/ + $+l"&ama n%e(o-e-la&t"/ tamo ('%e (a n" %a-no&t n" '",lomat" n"&+ mo(l" -"'%et". Pr"&l+0$"-an" tele<on&$"ra*(o-or"/ ,r"$a*an" na ,roce&+ ::B./ ,o$a*+%+ (r+2o( #o-%e$a 2e* (r"n%e &a-%e&t". Ton"%e n" M"lo0e-"3 $a$-o( &+ o2oa-al" &r,&$" nac"onal"&t"/ n" &taloen" #o-%e$ o $a$-om,r"#a%+ n%e(o-" me)+naro'n" &+(o-orn"c"/ ne(o #o-%e$ $ra%no&t". Kao 11. %+la 11./ $a'tele<on&$" ,re,r"#ao &+&ret & n%ema#$"m '",lomatom= On'a me ta% -ele,o&lan"$ ,"ta$a$o to 'a Sr2" + Hr-at&$o% "ma%+ or+%e. O'(o-aram m+= Ce$a% #o-%e#e/ Sr2" &+ +-"%e$

"mal" or+%e/ m" $ao naro' ne o&ta%emo n"$a'a ra*or+an". 6Sm"%e49 A ta% 2e*-e*n" ,e'er/*na0 0to m" $ae Da/ al" #"n" &e 'a "ma%+ " m"no2aca#e. 6...9 to ta% ma%m+n o#e$+%e o'mene Da m+ $aem 'a &am "m "4 %a 'ao Ha/ 4a/ 4a... P&o-$a + &-a$o% re#en"c"/ to %eSlo2o'an M"lo0e-"3/ ta'a ,re'&%e'n"$ Sr2"%e/ &-emo3n" ,ot"catel% rata $o%" 3e 'on"%et" o$o'-"%e &tot"ne 4"l%a'a mrt-"4 +&re' E+ro,e/ + $o%o% %e +,ra-o ,ao 5erl"n&$" *"' " $o%a %e-%ero-ala + ,ono-o ,rona)en" m"r. Na 'r+(om $ra%+ l"n"%e/ Ra'o-an Kara'"3 $o%" (a/ $a$onalae ,o're)en" ,oloa%/ o&lo-l%a-a & -"/ "*2%e(a-a ,&o-$e "/ "* ,o0to-an%a/ ,o$a*+%ene+o2"#a%en+ &+*'rano&t. Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 %e ,ro&t " c"n"#an/ 4la'an " (r+2. U'al%en"re'atel% 'rame $o%" &e ne *a'o-ol%a-a 'a-an%em "m,l"c"tn"4 nare)en%a/ ,one$a' "e$&,l"c"tno nar+#+%e *lo#"ne. Kao $a' *a,o-"%e'a +2o%&t-o &-o%"4 ,rot"-n"$a + &amo% Sr2"%".Kra%em a+(+&ta :::. t"%elo 2"-0e( ,re'&%e'n"$a Sr2"%e/ I-ana Stam2ol"3a/ $o%" (a %e +-eo

+ ,ol"t"$+/ *al"l" &+ + "-o -a,no n%e(o-" o&o2n" #+-ar". M"lo0e-"3 m" %e -"0e ,+ta re$ao 'a %e o,o*"c"%a &ta'o ,rot+4a $o%e tre2a '"3" + *ra$ e$&,lo*"-om na ne$om m"t"n(+ 6...9 'atre2a +$lon"t" Stam2ol"3a %er ,re'&ta-l%a o,a&no&t. Zat"m %e ta% *a'ata$ ,o-%er"o M"lora'+Uleme$+>Le("%" $o%" %e 'o0ao + mo% +re' 'a m" $ae 'a (a %e M"lo0e-"3 *a'+"o 'a +$lon"

11B



Stam2ol"3a.G; U mart+ 1. o&o2no %e nare'"o ta%no ,reno0en%e -e3 "&tr+n+l"4 t"%ela

&-o%"4 al2an&$"4 rta-a & Ko&o-a + o$ol"c+ 5eo(ra'a/ a ona% $o%" or(an"*"ra n%"4o-o"&$a,an%e n"%e n"t$o 'r+(" ne(o Z'ra-$o Tol"m"r $o%" %e +%e&en 1G. -e3 +,ra-l%ao,r"$r"-an%em t"%ela 2o0n%a#$"4 rta-a "* Sre2ren"ce/ ra&,r0en"4 ,o &tot"nama na$na'n"4(ro2n"ca +* r"%e$+ Dr"n+. Al" *a,a'na '",lomac"%a na&ta-"la %e (le'at" M"lo0e-"3a + ,r-omre'+ $ao Po&re'n"$a. On %o% %e ,o&tao (la-n"m &a-%etn"$om. Prema %e'nom "&tra"tel%+l7T8>a $o%" %e ,r"$+,"o &-%e'o#en%a -e3"ne '",lomata " -o%n"$a $o%" &+ &e re'al" +M"lo0e-"3e-+ $a2"net+ + %+l+ 1G./ M"lo0e-"3 %e -")en $ao %e'"na o&o2a $o%o% &e moeo$ren+t" me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca 'a *atra" ,omo3 " &a-%ete $a$o 'a +t%e#e na 2o&an&$eSr2e. 7arl 5"l't/ $o%" &e &+&reo & M"lo0e-"3em 1B. %+la 1G./ +,ra-o na$on "*la&$aMla'"3a "* n%e(o-a +re'a " 'o$ &e na&ta-l%a%+ Po$ol%" + Sre2ren"c"/ &%e3a &e= M"lo0e-"3 %e,o$+0a-ao ,omo3"/ 'a %e M"lo0e-"3 "mao &,o*na%e o +2o%&t-"ma $o%a &+ &e +,ra-o

'o(a)ala/ 2"o 2" *(roen/ ne mo(+ -%ero-at" 'a %e 2"o +m"%e0an + ta% ,o$ol%.

GG I*-%e0ta%" & ra&,ra-e na en(le&$om "*2r"&al" &+ o-+ "(r+ & X-"W " Xt"W $o%+ %e M"lo0e-"3 "*-o'"o/ a<ranc+&$a/e -er*"%a/ na,rot"-/ n"%e ,rom"%en"la $ao n" ,r"%e-o' na &r,&$om $o%" ,o&to%" na &"te+2eo(ra'&$e ne-la'"ne +'r+(e 7entar *a 4+man"tarno ,ra-o/ ???.4lc.or(.+

G; S-%e'o#en%e Ra'e Mar$o-"3a/ 0e<a Sl+2e 'ra-ne 2e*2e'no&t" Sr2"%e 1. ,re' 2eo(ra'&$"m"&tran"m &+cem 11. a,r"la ::!. Clan 7r-en"4 2eret$"/ M"lora' Uleme$>Le("%a o&+)en %e +5eo(ra'+ na #etr'e&et (o'"na *at-ora *a +2o%&t-o Zorana Đ"n'"3a/ &r,&$o( ,rem"%era/ 1. marta::!.

11G



Amer"#$" ,ot,re'&%e'n"$ *a -r"%eme man'ata 5"lla 7l"ntona Al ore ,r"&"l%en %e +,o*or"t"

2"-0e( 0-e'&$o( ,rem"%era/ $o%" %e ,o&tao ,o&re'n"$om E+ro,&$e +n"%e " $o%" ne el" -"'%et"n"0ta 'ol" M"lo0e-"3e-o l"ce nam"%en%eno *a %a-no&t. Na %e'nom &a&tan$+ + 5"%elo% $+3"/,r-"4 'ana a+(+&ta 1G./ man%e o' tr" t%e'na na$on ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ 7arl 5"l't " Alore "ma%+ -rlo e&to$+ ra*m%en+ m"0l%en%a. -e)an"n ,re,or+#+%e Amer"$anc"ma 'a &e,o+*'a%+ + M"lo0e-"3a $o%" (a %e $ra%em %+la +-%era-ao + &-o%+ -ol%+ 'a 'o,r"ne&em"ro-nom 'o(o-or+ + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"= M"lo0e-"3 %e 2"o (la-n" &r,&$" &a-e*n"$6me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce o,. a.9 + &-"m ,ra-"m na,or"ma *a ,o&t"*an%e m"ra + ,o&l%e'n%e'-"%e (o'"ne. Um%e&to o'(o-ora Al ore m+ %e ,ro#"tao +loma$ amer"#$"4 tran&$r",ata,r"&l+0$"-an"4 tele<on&$"4 ra*(o-ora + $o%em+ M"lo0e-"3 "*'a%e Mla'"3+ nare)en%a *a-r"%eme o,erac"%a + Sre2ren"c". Za2ora-"te o-o/ al" *na%te 'a M"lo0e-"3 +o,3e n"%e,r"%atel% Za,a'a/ *a$l%+#+%e amer"#$" '+no&n"$.G Za,a'n%ac" n"&+ ,re-aren"/ al" -"0e -ole

n"%e$at". S-e 'o $ra%a.

T+"tel%&t-o +*al+' tra" or"("naln" *a,"&n"$ & to(a &a&tan$a + 5"%elo% $+3". N" Al ore/ n"7arl 5"l't/ n" M"c4ael Ste"ner/ n%ema#$" ,re(o-ara#/ n"t" Franc+* Ala"n De%ammet/ n"t"5r"tan$a Pa+l"ne Ne-"lle>Jone& $o%" &+ 2"l" ,r"&+tn" ne ,r"4-a3a%+ &-%e'o#"t" ,re' I7T8>em.Al ore n"%e 'o2"o *eleno &-%etlo o' amer"#$"4 -la&t"/ E+ro,l%an" t-r'e 'a &e ne &%e3a%+O' %an+ara ::. 7arla 'el Ponte mol" Amer"$ance 'a %o% 'a%+ &n"m$e ,r"&l+0$"-an"4ra*(o-ora "*me)+ 5eo(ra'a " -o)a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a *a -r"%eme 'o(a)a%a + Sre2ren"c"/$o%e &+ + n%"4o-om ,o&%e'+. Zna 'a te &n"m$e ,o&to%e. 7l"ntono-a a'm"n"&trac"%a/ne&$lona -o%n"m "nter-enc"%ama ,o&l"%e Somal"%e/ el" *a'rat" ,oloa% &+,er&"le name)+naro'no% ,o*orn"c" " ra*-"%a &+ra'n"#$e o'no&e. Na 5al$an+ mo(+3no&t

,r"&l+0$"-an%a 'a%e ne$"m lo$aln"m &l+2ama. Po#et$om 1G. 7IA o,&$r2l%+%e '-"%e ta%ne2a*e + Hr-at&$o%/ o'a$le &e mo(+ 4-atat" tele<on&$e $om+n"$ac"%e na -el"$om '"%el+ter"tor"%a 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e.G Al" a&4"n(ton ne rea("ra " *a4t%e-" o&ta%+ ne+&l"0an". 7arla'el Ponte o$re3e &e Par"*+. eneral Jean He"nr"c4 &,omen+o %e ::1. ,o&to%an%e &n"m$"tele<on&$"4 ra*(o-ora ,re' m"&"%om <ranc+&$e ,arlamentarne "&tra(e o Sre2ren"c". Imal"&mo na l"c+ m%e&ta &re'&t-a ,r"&l+0$"-an%a/ ra*l"#"ta te4n"#$a &re'&t-a na &amom tom,o'r+#%+/ "*-an n%e(a/ o$olo 6...9 Ra&,ola(al" &mo let%el"cama $o%e &+ ta$o)er,r"&l+0$"-ale " 2ro'o-"ma/ 'a$le "&to'o2no na mor+/ + *ra$+ " na *eml%" o2%a&n"o %eta'a.G M"n"&tar&t-o o2rane te0$o moe 'emant"rat" ne$a'a0n%e( 0e<a Vo%no>o2a-%e0ta%ne+,ra-e 6DRM9. Pr"l"$om ,o&%eta Par"*+;. %+na ::!. 7arl" 'el Ponte &+ n%e*"n" <ranc+&$" &+(o-orn"c" o'(o-or"l" 'a 2+'+3" 'a %e$or"&t o' &n"m$" $o%e &a're &trate0$e "n<ormac"%e/ ne,o&re'na/ M"n"&tar&t-o "4 ne #+-a.

Moete *am"&l"t" $ol"$" 2"&mo to(a tre2al" #+-at"/ "&t"#+ on". M"n"&tr"ca o2rane M"c4eleAll"ot>Mar"e ,re$"'a "4 " o2e3a-a 'a 3e ,ro-%er"t". Par"* ne3e "&,+n"t" t+ mol2+.

Je'na o' 'ra-a na&tal"4 ra&,a'om J+(o&la-"%e 'at 3e '"o &n"ma$a I7T8>+. I* o,re*a/ "l"

11;



,o' ,r"&"lom/ ne3e 'at" one "* t%e'na o' 11. %+la 1G. " -%ero-atno %e ,ro2rala one $o%e

&e o'no&e na ,r",rem+ o,erac"%e Sre2ren"ca. Do2"-en" tran&$r",t" ",a$ &-%e'o#e ore'o-"t"m $onta$t"ma "*me)+ na%-"0"4 -la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ " Mla'"3a/ ,r"%e " ,o&l"%e/ 'a$le/2e* &+mn%e " *a -r"%eme o,erac"%e rot"- Sre2ren"ce " ,o$ol%a. Mla'"3 + ,r-om re'+ra*(o-ara & Mom#"lom Per"0"3em/ "meno-an"m 1!. *a $oman'anta eneral0ta2a-o%&$e + 5eo(ra'+/ " to na M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,re,or+$+. Al" one ,o-e*+%+ " Mla'"3a &M"lo0e-"3em " Ml"lo0e-"3a & Per"0"3em.

G No-e #"n%en"ce $o%e &e o'no&e na o-a% &+&ret ,r"$+,"la %e a+tor"ca. Do &a'a %e &amo na-e'en"na-o' o Al+ ore+ 2"o &,omen+t += Sre2ren"ca/ *ona X&"(+rno&t"W/ Ane$& II/ ,o(la-l%e G/ o'loma$G/ I*-%e0ta% N"*o*em&$o( "n&t"t+ta *a ratn+ 'o$+mentac"%+/ NIOD/ Am&ter'am/ 1 a,r"la ::.

G Mal"3 or'an/ 7IA ,r"&l+0$+%e Mla'"ca/ lo2+&/ Za(re2/ ;.%an+ara ::;.

G Sre2ren"ca/ "*-%e0ta% o ,o$ol%+/ Do$+ment" <ranc+&$o( Parlamenta/ 2r. !B1!/ &-e*a$ II6Pre&l+0an%a9 &tr. 1!/ Par"*/ ::1.

11



Po(ušaji pri(rivanja %o(aza

Po$+0a%" -el"$"4 &"la 'a ,r"$r"%+ 'o$a*e 2ro%n" &+ "a$o 2" one $ao " *eml%e re("%e morale +,ot,+no&t" &+ra)"-at" & I7T8>em. I*-or" $o%" ,a*e 'a &e ne "*lo>e "*ra-n"m $onta$t"ma &I7T8>em ra'"%e 'o&ta-l%a%+ ne$e o&%etl%"-e 'o$a*e ,re$o tre3"4 o&o2a/ ,one$a' ,re$one-la'"n"4 or(an"*ac"%a/ a na%#e03e ,re$o ne$o( -ele,o&lan&t-a. U -"0e na-ratat+"tel%&t-o %e ot$r"lo 'a m+ 'o$a*" $o%" &+ m+ 2"l" nam"%en%en" n"&+ ,re'an"/ ta$o 'a %emoralo tra"t" o' -"0e 'ra-a " &-%e'o$a 'a +2+'+3e "*2%e(a-a%+ ,o&re'n"0t-o tre3e*eml%e " 'a "n<ormac"%e 0al%+ "*ra-no t+"tel%&t-+. SAD/ #e&to "*a2ran $ao tre3a *eml%a/*a4t"%e-a%+3" ,one$a' o' ne$"4 2al$an&$"4 -la'a 'a 'o&ta-l%a%+ ,re$o n%"4/ +*"ma%+ ,ra-o'a "&,"t+%+ te "n<ormac"%e " o'l+#+%+ $o%e mo(+/ a $o%e ne mo(+ 2"t" ,rene&ene I7T8>+.

Do$a*"/ ta$o ,ro&"%an" $ro* &"to *a,a'n"4 o2a-%e0ta%n"4 &l+2"/ ,one>$a' &+ "*m"%en%en"/ "l"#a$ &$ra3"-an" &t"*al" + T+"tel%&t-o $o%e ta$o n"%e mo>(lo ot$r"t" &-+ n%"4o-+ -r"%e'no&t.

Ta$a- %e 2"o &l+#a% & lmom o ,ro&la-" 0e&te (o'"0n%"ce 7r-en"4 2eret$" na $o%o% &+ 2"l",r"&+tn" M"lo0e-"3 " &-" $l%+#n" l%+'" ,ol"c"%&$o( $r"la *lo#"na#$o( ,ot4-ata/ 0to %e %e'an o'(la-n"4 'o$a*a *a +t-r)"-an%e "*ra-n"4 -e*a "*me)+ M"lo0e-"3a " *lo#"na $a$o + Hr-at&$o%ta$o + 5o&n" na M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,roce&+. Pr"%e ,re'a%e &amo( lma/ *eml%a $o%a (a %e'o2"la/ ,re'ala %e I7T8>+ ,r"%e-o' a+'"o*a,"&a. 5+'+3" 'a %e ,roce& -e3 *a,o>#eo ta%'o$+ment/ + o#e$"-an%+ &amo( 'o$a*a/ mora omo(+3"t" t+"tel%&t-+ 'a (a +$l%+#" +&trate("%+ o,t+2e a$o (a 2+'e &matralo ,o(o'n"m. Me)+t"m/ ,r"%e-o' %e 2"o "*m"%en%en/,+n ,r"m%e'a2a nera*+ml%"-o/ & -el"$"m 2ro%em "&$r"-l%en"4 "l" nera*+ml%"-"4 "mena. Ne$"'"%elo-" $ao 'a ,ot-r)+%+ ne$e 'o$a*e/ al" 4a0$" &tr+#n%ac" 'ale$o &+ o' to(a 'a *am"&le

ono 0to 3e ot$r"t" (o'"n+ 'ana ,o&l"%e $a' %e -"'eo&n"m$a $ona#no ,re'ana T+"tel%&t-+.D"%elo-" o*na#en" $ao nera*+ml%"-" &a're ,re(le' &-"4 ratn"4 '%elo-an%a &,ec"%aln"4

%e'"n"ca M"lo0e-"3e-e ,ol"c"%e + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n"/ al" " "*%a-e $o%e "'ent"c"ra%+ M"lo0e-"3a$ao ,ra-o( $+ma t"4 e&$a'rona &mrt"/ &t-oren"4 B. ma%a 11./ + o&-"t rata. C+%e &en%"4o- *a,o-%e'n"$/ M"lora' L+$o-"3>Le("%a/ 2"-0" lle("onar/ $a$o 4-al" +#"n$o-"to&t mal"4/ne+,a'l%"-"4 %e'"n"ca/ ,o$retn"4 " +2o%"t"4. A &ame &l"$e &-%e'o#e o na*o#no&t" $l%+#n"4o&o2a +&,ore'ne M"lo0e-"3e-e -o%&$e/ &t-orene o' &,ec"%aln"4 ,ol"c"%&$"4 &na(a Sr2"%e.

T+"tel%&t-o %e %o0 %e'nom "*(+2"lo -"0e o' (o'"n+ 'ana.

e&to( %+na ::!. 7arla 'el Ponte 'o0la %e + Par"* & 'r+("m ,"tan%"ma $o%a "*a*"-a%+l%+tn%+. 5"&te l" mo(l" ,ono-o ra*motr"t" *a4t%e- &-o%"4 &l+2" 'a ,o-+#emo ,"tan%e o

,re'-"'l%"-o&t" ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c" $o%e el"mo ,o&ta-"t" (eneral+ 5ernar'+ Jan-"er+

;:

ra'"n%e(o-a &-%e'o#en%a na M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,roce&+ To %e -rlo -ano %er el"m mo3" +t-r'"t"M"lo0e-"3e-+ o'(o-orno&t *a Sre2ren"c+. No "mam 'o%am 'a n"t$o ne el" tome,r"'on"%et"/ $a' -"'"m na $a$-e te0$o3e na"la*"m $o' Amer"$anaca $a' %e r"%e# o tom

11



,"tan%+ I,a$/ *a,a'n%ac" &+ mo(l" ot$r"t" ,re'*na$e/ al" #"n" &e 'a &e 2a0 to el" &a$r"t". A

$a' %e tr" (o'"ne ,o&l"%e %a-no re$la= Me)+naro'ne &na(e *nale &+ 'a 3e 6+ Sre2ren"c"o,. a.9 2"t" ,o#"n%en" ,o$ol%" -el"$"4 ra*m%era/ o tome &+ (o-or"l" " n"0ta n"&+ na,ra-"l" 'a "4&,r"%e#e/;1 'o"-l%a-a o0tre ,r"(o-ore -ele,o&lan&ta-a/ me)+ $o%"ma " SAD>o-a/ ",r"&"l%ena %e ,o-+3" -la&t"te r"%e#".

Amer"$anc" " E+ro,l%an" nam%erno &+ "*a2ral" m"r na 0tet+ "&t"ne. Po&l"%e ,o$ol%a +Sre2ren"c" " ,r"&l+0$"-an%a $o%a &+ ta'a "*-r0ena/ amer"#$a %e '",lomac"%a + a+(+&t+ 1G.&a&ta-"la "*-%e0ta% $o%" "&t"#e ,ro2leme $o%e 2" SAD>+ ,ro+*ro#"o na&ta-a$ ,re(o-ora &aSlo2o'anom M"lo0e-"3em. S+o#ena &a e&t"nom ra&,ra-e $o%a &e ta'a -o'" + SAD>+/7l"ntono-a a'm"n"&trac"%a 2o%" &e 'a 3e *a &-o%e ne'%elo-an%e morat" ,lat"t" ,ol"t"#$+c"%en+. Senator" " #lano-" Kon(re&a o,t++%+ *a m"n4en&$" &"n'rom/ +&,ore)+%+ *lo#"ne +

5o&n" & na%(or"m ,on"en%em *a *a,a'ne 'emo$rac"%e o' 1!:>"4 (o'"na.

;

Ca$ "amer"#$" ,re(o-ara# R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e %a-no ,r"*na%e 'a + $r-o,rol"3+ + Sre2ren"c" -"'"na%-e3" *a%e'n"#$" ne+&,%e4 Za,a'a o' tr"'e&et"4 (o'"na *a2ora-l%a%+3" +&,+t (enoc"'"* 1B. + R+an'". Al" 5"%ela $+3a ,re&"%eca ,ro2lem/ (oto-o ,ara<ra*"ra%+3"

;: Franc+&$" (eneral 5ernar' Jan-"er *a,o-"%e'ao %e +$+,n"m &na(ama UNPROFOR>a + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" 1G. (o'"ne/ + -r"%eme ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c".

;1 Matton S-l-"e/ XSe+le contre to+&W/ Par"& Matc4/ . o$to2ra ::;.

; Prema "*ra*+ Ne?ta "n(r"c4a/ ,re'&%e'n"$a amer"#$o( Kon(re&a 1G.

11



<orm+l+ Franco"&ea M"tterran'a/ $o%" %e +,ra-o &"0ao & -la&t" na$on 0to %e ,et (o'"na

,re,or+#"-ao 'a &e ne 'o'a%e rat+ rat na 5al$an+. Ona 'en"t"-no o'2ac+%e a,ele74"raca/ &-%ee "*a2rano( ,re'&%e'n"$a Franc+&$e/ 'a *a+*me &re2ren"#$+ en$la-+ +*,omo3 amer"#$"4 &na(a.

a&4"n(ton Po&t o' !. a+(+&ta 1G. +&,ore)+%e to o'2"%an%e & ,"&mom amer"#$o(,omo3n"$a m"n"&tra o2rane Jo4na Mc7lo-a + $o%em $ae 'a 2om2ar'"ran%e A+&c4?"t*a "l"el%e*n"#$"4 ,r+(a $o%e + n%e(a -o'e moe "*a*-at" %o0 o&-etn"#$"4 a$c"%a N"%emaca. ;!

Amer"#$a " e+ro,&$e -la'e ,ra-e &e 'a ne *na%+ t$o %e M"lo0e-"3 %er "(ra%+ na n%e(o-+$art+ 'a 2" +0+t$ale or+%e. Ka' %e m"r ,ot,"&an/ o'-ra3a%+ I7T8 &-"m mo(+3"m&re'&t-"ma o' *a,o#"n%an%a ,ro(ona (o&,o'ara 5al$ana. Al"/ $a' %e -e3 %e'nom M"lo0e-"3&r+0en " 2a#en + *at-or/ na&ta-a$ ,r"$r"-an%a t"4 'o$a*a ,re' me)+naro'n"m

,ra-o&+)em ot$r"-a ,o&to%an%e ne$"4 &a&-"m 'r+("4 "ntere&a ne(o 0to %e &,re#a-an%e,ono-no( *a,o#"n%an%a ne,r"%atel%&ta-a " *a0t"ta "-ota me)+naro'n"4 &na(a *a o'ran%em"ra ra&,ore)en"4 + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". O,&tr+$c"%a Za,a'a +&re'oto#"la &e na &-e 0to&e t"#e "*ra-ne M"lo0e-"3e-e o'(o-orno&t" *a *lo'%ela + 5o&n"/ a ,o&e2no + Sre2ren"c"/ al"" na ,re'-"'"-o&t ,o$ol%a ,o&l"%e ,a'a te en$la-e. Ta$o 'a &e tre2a na'at" 'a ta%na "*2oram"ra +* rt-o-an%e 4"l%a'a "-ota $o%" &+ &metal" crtan%+ $arata ne le" + o'l+#no&t" -el"$"4&"la 'a onemo(+3e ,o%a-+ +*nem"r+%+3e "&t"ne. Ta$a- ne,ra-e'an " *lo#"na#$" "*2or'o-eo 2" + ,"tan%e temel%e m"ro-n"4 +(o-ora *a$l%+#en"4 + Daton+ + no-em2r+ 1G.

5ro%n"m *a,a'n%a#$"m &-%e'oc"ma n%"4o-e -la'e n"&+ 'o,+&t"le 'a &-%e'o#e naM"lo0e-"3e-+ ,roce&+. Da-"' O?en/ Her2ert O$+n/ "ll"am al$er " 'r+(" "*re'al" &+ &e na$l+," *a &-%e'o$e/ al" on" &+ + -r"%eme t"4 'o(a)an%a ,re'&ta-l%al" me)+naro'ne

or(an"*ac"%e $ao UN/ E+ro,&$+ +n"%+ "l" OS7E/ a ne &-o%e -la'e. U mart+ ::. "ll"am Ta<t/ ta'a0n%" ,ra-n" &a-%etn"$ + State De,artment+ o,ra-'a-a ,re' 7arlom 'el Ponteo'2"%an%e &-"4 -la'a 'a 'o,+&te &-%e'o#en%e &-o%"m '",lomat"ma= Po-%erl%"-o&t %e %e'ano' o&no-n"4 elemenata &-a$e '",lomac"%e. Ta$o na tom ,roce&+ +-el"$e ne'o&ta%+(la-n" ,re(o-ara#" $o%" &+ &e t"%e$om (o'"na na 'e&et$e ,+ta &+&rel" & M"lo0e-"3em. U*,o*nat+ "*n"m$+ e&le%a 7lar$a/ amer"#$o( (enerala $o%" %e 1G. 2"o ,r-" -o%n"&a-%etn"$ *a -r"%eme m"ro-n"4 ,re(o-ora $o%" &+ 'o-el" 'o De%ton>&$o( &,ora*+ma/ a*at"m -r4o-n" *a,o-%e'n"$ &a-e*n"#$"4 &na(a + E+ro," *a -r"%eme NATO>o-a2om2ar'"ran%a Sr2"%e 1. Kra%em ::!. +0ao %e + +tr$+ *a "n-e&t"t+r+ Demo$rat&$e&tran$e na ,re'&%e'n"#$"m "*2or"ma ::B. " +&>P"o "*n+'"t" o' amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e*eleno &-%etlo *a &-%e'o#en%e + Ha(+. a&4"n(ton *a4t"%e-a &-%e'o#en%e "*a *at-oren"4-rata/ a T+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a %a-no &-%e'o#en%e. 7lar$ &e na(o'"o. D-a 'ana/ " to 1G. " 1;.'ecem2ra ::!/. &-%e'o#" "*a *at-oren"4 -rata/ +* ,r"&+tno&t ,ra-n"4 ,re'&ta-n"$aamer"#$e -la'e. I&te -e#er" n%e(o-o &-%e'o#en%e ,ro-%era-a%+ amer"#$e ,ra-ne &l+2e/ ao2%a-l%+%e &e &a &amo #etr'e&et o&am &at" *a$a0n%en%a. M"lo0e-"3 n"%e ,o&ta-"o n " %e'no

1:



ne+(o'no ,"tan%e/ a&4"n(ton n"%e tra"o n"$a$-+ m%er+ ta%no&t". Unato# *a4t%e-an%+

t+"tel%&t-a/ R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e/ ar4"te$t De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma/ o'2"%a &l"%e'"t" 7la$o-,r"m%er. N" 74r"&to,4er M"l"/ ta'a Hol2roo$eo-a 'e&na r+$a/ n"t" "%e'an 'r+(" #lan n%e(o-a,re(o-ara#$o( t"ma/ ne3e &-%e'o#"t" na M"lo0e-"3e-+ ,roce&+.

Pr-" ,roce& %e'nom 0e<+ 'ra-e ,re' me)+naro'n"m ,ra-o&+)em n"%e mo(ao 2"t" %e'no&ta-an. I7T8 %e morao o'(o-or"t" na tro&tr+$" "*a*o-/ ,roce'+raln"/ a'm"n"&trat"-n" ",ol"t"#$". R"%e# %e o &+)en%+ *a "n'"-"'+aln+ o'(o-orno&t 0e<a 'ra-e *a *lo#"na#$+,ol"t"$+/ + o(ran"#en+ ro$+ " & o(ran"#en"m ,rora#+nom/ na'-la'a-a%+3" + *a'anom-remen+ &-e ,ol"t"#$e 2lo$a'e Al" &l+#a% M"lo0e-"3 2"o %e ,ona%-"0e 2or2a ,rot"- -ol%emno("4 'a ,r"$r"%+ ,ro0lo&t= ,rot"- -ol%e o,t+en"$a/ nem"no-no/ -ol%e 5eo(ra'a/ 0to %e,re'-"'"-o/ + &,re*" & -rlo c"l%anom -ol%om -el"$"4 &"la. O-o "&$+&t-o 'a%e na&l+t"t" &

$a$-"m 3e &e ,ote0$o3ama + 2+'+3no&t" &+&retat" $a*nen" ,ro&t+,c" ,rot"- 0e<o-a'ra-a. O'2"%an%em 'ra-e/ #"%" %e 0e< 2"o o,t+en"$/ 'a o&+'" *lo#"na#$+ ,ol"t"$+ -o'en++ "me nac"onalno( "ntere&a. S -"0"m 'ra-n"m "ntere&"ma -el"$"4 &"la $o%e 2" "&to ta$o4t%ele o'-o%"t" "&t"ne $o%e &e mo(+ re3"/ o' on"4 $o%e %e 2ol%e *a2ora-"t" %er no&e "(n%"4o-e &ramote.

Vel"$e &"le ne3e n"$a'a 'at" &-e 'o$a*e $o%"ma ra&,ola+ 'a 2" omo(+3"le ,ra-'" 'a ra'"&-o% ,o&ao. Moemo *am"&l"t" $a$-a 2" 2"la rea$c"%a &a-e*n"$a 'a %e Ro2ert Jac$&on/t+"tel% Vo%no( &+'a + N+rn2er(+/ *atra"o 1B;. (. *ra#ne &l"$e $o%e &+ "mal" -e3 1B1. "$o%e &+ ,o$a*"-ale ,o&t+,n+ "*(ra'n%+ el%e*n"#$"4 ,r+(a "

;! Po?er Samant4a/ "2"'. &tr B!B.

11



lo(ora/ 'a 2" 'o$a*ao ,re'-"'l%"-o&t "&tre2l%en%a " nam%er+ +n"0ten%a e+ro,&$"4 "'o-a

6&l"$e &+ ,o$a*ane %a-no&t" ,e'e&et (o'"na ,o&l"%e9/ a 'a "4 n"&+ 2om2ar'"ral". U Ira$+ &e-"'%ela -ol%a amer"#$e &"le 'a o(ran"#" ,roce& Sa'am+ H+&e"n+ 'a ne 2" ocrn"o Za,a'.Po-"%e&t M"lo0e-"3e-a ,roce&a ,r"m%er %e *a &+$o2 "m,erat"-a $o%e '"$t"ra%+ -"0" 'ra-n""ntere&"/ lo$aln" "l" me)+naro'n" " "m,erat"-a ,ra-'e. 5e* $l%+#n"4 &-%e'o$a " 'o$+menata/

T+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a moralo %e na'-la'at" "l" *ao2"3" ,ote0$o3e/ &nala*"t" &e & on"m 0to %e"malo/ a ,one$a' "mat" &re3e= na%o&%etl%"-"%" &-%e'oc" &"(+rno &e n"$a'a ne 2" 2"l" &am",r"%a-"l" 'a I7T8 n"%e "mao mo(+3no&t/ &-o%&t-en+ &-a$o% me)+naro'no% "n&tanc"/ $a$-om&e te0$o mo(+ ,o'"#"t" nac"onalna ,ra-o&+)a/ 'a "4 ,re&ele "*-an *eml%e/ o'no&no 'a "m'a%+ no-e ,+to-n"ce/ ,one$a' " no-" "'ent"tet. Unato# &-"m *a,re$ama/ I7T8 &e 2e*"$a$-e &+mn%e 'o$a*ao. N%e(o- +&,%e4 + ,ra$&" 'o$a*ao %e -"0e ne(o "$a'a $or"&t o'me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a " ,otre2+ 'a &e &talnom Me)+naro'nom $a*nenom &+'+ 6I779

'a'+ &re'&t-a 'a '%el+%e tamo ('%e nac"onalna ,ra-o&+)a o'+&tan+ o' &an$c"on"ran%a*lo#"na " +t-r)"-an%a o'(o-orno&t". Jer/ o#"to %e/ 'ra-a #"%" %e 0e< 2"o o,t+en"$/ n"%e +&tan%+ &ama &+'"t" &-o%em 2"-0em (o&,o'ar+ a$o n"%e ra&,oloena ot$r"t" "&t"n+ " o&+'"t",ro%e$t/ 2"o on " nac"onaln"/ a$o &e 'o n%e(o-a o&t-aren%a 'ola*" *lo#"nom.

Opasnosti o% povrat(a unatra*

M"lo0e-"3e-a &mrt 11. marta ::;. l"0"la %e rt-e &+)en%a. A$o M"lo0e-"3 n"e ,ro(la0en$r"-"m/ t"me ",a$ n"%e "*ma$ao ,ra-'". Umro %e + *at-or+/ &+&t"(la (a %e -la&t"ta ,ro0lo&t/

o,t+en %e *a (enoc"' " *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" + Hr-at&$o% " 5o&n"/ ('%e %e (o-or"o 'ane &+'%el+%e + (ra)an&$om rat+/ " na Ko&o-+/ ('%e %e t-r'"o 'a &a&-"m le("t"mno 2ran"&-o%+ 'ra-+ ,rot"- //teror"&ta. Umro %e na$on 0to &e n%e(o-o ,or"can%e &+$o2"lo &#"n%en"cama/ & ar4"-"ma " & ,atn%ama rta-a $o%e &+ 'o0le &-%e'o#"t". Ca$ " a$o o&ta%eo&%e3a% ne'o-r0eno&t"/ o-o '+(o na2ra%an%e *lo#"na $o%" m+ &e &ta-l%a%+ na teret " o-o+ran%an%e + me4an"*me *lo#"na#$e ,ol"t"$e *a $o%+ %e o,t+en/ &a' &+ +,"&an" + &l+2enere("&tre %e'ne me)+naro'ne "n&tance " 2"t 3e ,re,+0ten" &+'+ ,o-"%e&t". Tre2a ra'"t" natome 'a +#"nc" o-o( ,roce&a ,o&tan+ tra%n". Ne &amo & ,ra-no( &ta%al"0ta %er %e n%"4o-a-r"%e'no&t $ao ,re&e'ana 2"tna ne(o " &a &ta%al"0ta #"n%en"ca/ &,o*na%a/ $o%e &+ 2"tne *a'r+0t-a/ +n"0tena ra*orn"m +#"n$om ma&o-n"4 *lo#"na/ *a 'r+0t-a $o%a &e 'ana& mora%+"*no-a "*(ra'"t" " ,en%at" &e &trm"m ,+to-"ma $o%" -o'e + ,om"ren%e. Al" ,+t %e %o0 '+( ",+n *am$". U 5eo(ra'+/ na ,roce&+ #lano-"ma %e'"n"ce $or,"on"/ n"&+ +*et" + o2*"r'o$+ment" $o%e %e 'ao I7T8/ a $o%" 'o$a*+%+ ,r",a'no&t m+#"tel%a M"n"&tar&t-+ +n+tarn%"4,o&lo-a Sr2"%e. S+)eno "m %e $ao (n+&n"m +2o%"cama/ ,ara-o%n"m o&o2ama "*-an$ontrole/ $o%" &+ &amo"n"c"%at"-no 'o0l" &+'%elo-at" + (ra)an&$om rat+ + $o%em+ Sr2"%an"%e +#e&t-o-ala/ a ne $ao &+'"on"c"ma (enoc"'a + o$-"r+ *lo#"na#$o( ,ro%e$ta " *a

1



ra#+n nar+#"tel%a $o%" &e mo(+ "'ent"c"rat" na -r4+ -la&t"/ $a$o to 'o$a*+%+ 'o$+ment"

I7T8>a.5eo(ra' "*m"#e onome 0to (a l%+t"/ ,r"$r"-a 'o$a*e " m"&l" 'a moe "*2%e3" ,o(le'at" "&t"n"+ o#"/ ,r","&+%+3" (r"%e4e ne$ol"c"n" rt-en"4 %araca #"%" &+ *lo#"n" ta$o &t-arn" 'a &e ne 'a%+&a$r"t".;B

C"n" &e 'a + Ha(+ T+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a ,ono-o +*m"#e ,re' ot,or"ma $o%" &+ 2"l" &-la'an" +-r"%eme M"lo0e-"3e-a ,roce&a. Mom#"l+ Per"0"3+/ $oman'ant+ eneral0ta2a -o%&$e +5eo(ra'+/ ,a ,o to% o&no-" #lan+ Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 " <ormalno o' 1!.na're)enome Mla'"3+ + -o%no% 4"%erar4"%"/ 2"t 3e &+)eno $ra%em ::. *a *lo#"ne ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" " $r0en%e ,ra-a " o2"#a%a rato-an%a/ &amo *ato 0to %e &lao -o%n" $a'ar "mater"%aln+/ nanc"%&$+ " lo("&t"#$+ ,o'r0$+ + -r"%eme *a+*"man%a Sre2ren"ce. O-a% &l+#a%

Pr"%et"

;B U Sr2"%" %e &+)eno *a ratne *lo#"ne ,etor"c" &,ec"%alaca "* %e'"n"ce $or,"on". O&+)en" &+ 1:.a,r"la ::. *a +2o%&t-a na $a*ne o' '-a'e&et/ tr"nae&t " ,et (o'"na. Je'an o' o,t+en"$a/ "a$o &enala*"o na m%e&t+ *lo#"na/ $a$o &-%e'o#" -"'eo&n"m$a/ o&lo2o)en %e *2o( ne'o&tat$a 'o$a*a on%e(o-+ "*ra-nom &+'%elo-an%+ + +2o%&t-"ma. O&"m to(a/ + ,re&+'" &e "&t"#e 'a n"%e 'o$a*ano 'a&+ n%"4o-e rt-e "* Sre2ren"ce. N"%e/ 'a$le/ ,o$ren+to ,"tan%e &+'%elo-an%a o,t+en"$a + (enoc"'+/a o2"tel%" rta-a 'o0le &+ + 5eo(ra' &-%e'o#"t" o o$olno&t"ma + $o%"ma &+ mla'"3" *aro2l%en" ,o&l"%e,a'a Sre2ren"ce.

1!



'a *anemar" ,ra-+ +lo(+ ,ol"t"#$o( " -o%no( -o'&t-a "* 5eo(ra'a + ,o$ol%"ma +

Sre2ren"c" " ,re'-"'"-o&t +2"%an%a/ 0to 2" o,t+2a *a (enoc"' "l" *a &+'%elo-an%e +(enoc"'+ n+no ,ota$la.

Samo ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" ,o&l"%e o'l+$e &+'aca "* %+na ::B. 'a ,ot-r'" ta#$+ o,t+2e,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a *a (enoc"' o'l+$e $o%a %e na(ra'"la na,ore &+'"on"$e &+)en%a + Ar+&4"/7arla 'el Ponte %e + <e2r+ar+ ::G. o'+&tala o' ,ro(ona Per"0"3a *a (enoc"'. S+$o2"la &e& %e'no'+0nom <rontom &-"4 *am%en"$a t+"tel%a +$l%+#en"4 + o-a% ,re'met= eoYre%aN"cea/ Marca Hammona " Alana T"e(era/ '-o%"ce amer"#$"4 o' -%etn"$a *a'+en"4 *a,re'mete $o%" &e t"#+ -o'a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ me'+ $o%"ma " Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Tro%"ca*am%en"$a %e'no(la&no &+ *a$l%+#"la 'a &+ 'o$a*" $o%" ,ot-r)+%+ 'a %e Per"0"3 '"%el"o(enoc"'ne nam%ere "l" 'a %e *a n%"4 *nao ne'o&tatn". Per"0"3 %e + o,t+n"c" ",a$ o,"&an $ao

4"%erar4"%&$" na're)en 2"-0"m #lano-"ma JNA $o%" &+ &e ,r"'r+"l" re'o-"ma -o%&$e Sr2a +5"H " Hr-at&$o%/ 'a$le " Mla'"3+. Na,om"n%e &e 'a %e Per"0"3 morao ,o'+*et" &-e,otre2ne m%ere 'a &,r"%e#" "l" $a*n" *lo#"ne $o%e &+ ,o#"n"l" n%e(o-" ,o'#"n%en" "* !:. " B:.Ka'ro-&$o( centra eneral0ta2a Vo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e. U o,t+n"c" &e na-o'" 'a %e Per"0"3"mao &,o*na%e o t-r'n%ama o *lo#"n"ma $o%e &+ ,o#"n"l" n%e(o-" oc"r" "l" ,ara-o%ne &na(e& $o%"ma &+ on" &+ra)"-al" " 'a %e re'o-"to ,r"mao $o,"%e 'ne-n"4 "*-%e0ta%a o &"t+ac"%"Vo%&$e Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e " 2"o + "*ra-no% -e*" & oc"r"ma Vo%&$e Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e/ me)+$o%"ma " & Rat$om Mla'"3em/ ,o&e2no + -r"%eme 'o(a)a%a + Sre2ren"c".

Kona#no &e 'o'a%e 'a %e Per"0"3 'o,+&t"o #a&n"c"ma U"#$o( $or,+&a 'a ,omo(n+ +,lan"ran%+ " ,r",rem" *a+*"man%a en$la-e Sre2ren"ce/ 'a %e +,otr"%e2"o &-o% a+tor"tet *ata%no +-%e2a-an%e #lano-a 1:. o're'a *a &a2ota+ + Sr2"%" 6mart>a,r"l 1G.9/ $o%" %e

"*ra-no &+'%elo-ao + mno("m +2o%&t-"ma M+&l"mana "* Sre2ren"ce + %+l+ 1G. "/$ona#no/ 'a %e +,otr"%e2"o &-o%e o-la&t" + o#+-an%+ (ran"ca "*me)+ Sr2"%e " 5o&ne na,o'r+#%+ Sre2ren"ce $a$o 2" &e/ & %e'ne &trane &,r"%e#"lo M+&l"mane "* Sre2ren"ce 'a2%ee + Sr2"%+/ a & 'r+(e &trane 'a &e one $o%" &+ ,re0l" (ran"c+ ,r"&"l" na ,o-rata$.

T+"tel%&t-o %e "* to(a moralo *a$l%+#"t" 'a %e Per"0"3 mo(ao 2"t" 2arem &+'"on"$ +(enoc"'+ %er %e *nao *a &+&ta-na +2o%&t-a " ,ro(one " %er "4 %e ola$0ao 'o,+0ta%+3"Mla'"3e-"m &na(ama $or"0ten%e l%+'" " &re'&ta-a $o%" &+ 2"l" ,o' *a,o-%e'n"0t-om n%e(o-a0ta2a + 5eo(ra'+. Za4-al%+%+3" &-o%em +t%eca%+ " 4"%erar4"%&$"m o-la&t"ma na' &na(ama+$l%+#en"ma + (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ Per"0"3 %e +* to '"%el"o " (enoc"'n+ nam%er+ &-o%"4,o're)en"4 " &no&" $a*nen+ o'(o-orno&t + tom *lo#"n+ %er ne &amo 'a (a %e ,ro,+&t"o&,r"%e#"t" " $a*n"t" ne(o %e ,oma(ao + n%e(o-+ ,lan"ran%+ " ,ot"cao n%e(o-o ,o$retan%e. Al"

T+"tel%&t-o %e &-%e&no "*2%e(lo ,"tan%e o'(o-orno&t" -o%ne +,ra-e + 5eo(ra'+ *a (enoc"'+ Sre2ren"c"/ " to #a$ ,r"%e ne(o 0to %e Tr"2+nal 2"o ,r"&"l%en *at-or"t" &l+#a% M"lo0e-"3*2o( n%e(o-e &mrt". T+"tel%&t-o ta$o 'o-o'" + ,"tan%e na,ret$e ,o&t"(n+te + &l+#a%+M"lo0e-"3/ + $o%em %e *a&t+,alo &+'%elo-an%e 5eo(ra'a + *lo#"na#$om ,ot4-at+/ #"%" &+

1B



c"l% " nam%era 2"l" +n"0t"t" '"o m+&l"man&$o( &tano-n"0t-a + 5o&n"/ " -rat"lo &e na te*+ $o%+

%e ne$a'a 2ran"o eoYre N"ce/ 'a %e r"%e# &amo o ,o'r0c". C"n" &e 'a t"me T+"tel%&t-oel" +man%"t" -ano&t $o%+ %e ,r"%e ,r"'a-alo ar4"-+ VSO>a " 'r+("m 'o$+ment"ma*a%e'n"#$"ma + o2a &l+#a%a.

O&"m to(a/ Jo-"ca Stan"0"3/ 'e&na r+$a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a + +&,o&ta-n%+ mree mal"4,o$retn"4 %e'"n"ca/ ne,r"m%etn"4 " +2o%"t"4/ $o%e &+ ,+&to0"le o' V+$o-ara 'o Sre2ren"ce/,a &-e 'o Ko&o-a/ ,+0ten %e na ,r"-remen+ &lo2o'+ + o#e$"-an%+ ,roce&a/ *a4-al%+%+3","&m+ ,o'r0$e 7IA>e & $o%om %e + ,ro0lo&t" &+ra)"-ao. 5r"tanc" " %e'an Franc+*/ ne$a'a0n%",re<e$t ,o$ra%"ne Var + Franc+&$o%/ Jean>74arle& Marc4"an"/ta$o)er &+ 4-al"l" n%e(o-e 'o2re +&l+(e *a -r"%eme &+$o2a. ;G Stan"0"3 &e na'a 'a n"$a'ane3e 2"t" &+)en %er n%e(o- ,roce& n"%e + ,lan+ ,r"%e ::. (o'"ne/ $a'a 2" I7T8 morao*a-r0"t" ,r-o&t+,an%&$e ,roce'+re. A +,ra-o %e na "*la&$+ &a &a&tan$a &a Stan"0"3emKara'"3 'o2ac"o Deron%"3+ 'a 3e m+0$arc" $o%" 2+'+ +4-a3en" + Sre2ren"c" &-" morat" 2"t",o+2"%an". Stan"0"3 %e 2"o " *a,o-%e'n"$ $or,"ona/ ,o&lan"4 -e3 $ra%em %+na + o$ol"c+Sre2ren"ce/ *a "*-r0en%e ono(a 0to 3e +&l"%e'"t". N"%e me)+t"m o,t+en *a (enoc"' n"t" *a&++#e&n"0t-o + (enoc"'+.

U %+n+ ::;. S+'&$o -"%e3e I7T8>a +&tano-"la %e #lana$ !. 2"& Pra-"ln"$a o ,roce'+r" "ta$o &ama &e2" 'ala

;G D%el+%+3" + M"lo0e-"3e-o "me/ Jo-"ca Stan"0"3 %e o'"(rao o'l+#+%+3+ +lo(+ + o&lo2a)an%+X,la-"4$ac"(aW/ &r,&$"4 talaca + ,rol%e3e 1G./ a *at"m/ na$on ne$ol"$o m%e&ec"/ + o&lo2a)an%+'-o%"ce <ranc+&$"4 ,"lota #"%" %e a-"on &r+0en "*na' 5o&ne. Jean>74arle& Marc4"an"/ $o%e(a %e

Jac+e& 74"rac ,o&lao + m"&"%+/ ,re(o-arao %e &a Stan"0"3em.

1G



mo(+3no&t 'a ,o-+#e c"%ele '"%elo-e o,t+n"ce/ &-e 'o %e'ne tre3"ne/ 2e* 'r+(o( $r"ter"%a

o&"m -remena. U#"nc" I7T8>a n"&+ "re-er*"2"ln". D+no&t %e Tr"2+nala +t-r'"t" "&t"n+ "'o&+'"t" ,ra-'+. To o#e$+%+ rt-e " &-%e'oc". I7T8 ne &m"%e "*ne-%er"t" traen%e "&t"ne +,re'met"ma $o%e %e o'l+#"o -o'"t". Mora 'a$le ,a*"t" 'a + ,+no% m%er" "&$or"&t" &,o*na%e,r"$+,l%ene t"%e$om &-o%e( ra'a/ $ao + &l+#a%+ M"lo0e-"3. A$o/ na,rot"-/ I7T8 o&la2l%enM"lo0e-"3e-om &mr3+/ ne+4"3en%em Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a " &-o%"m &$or"m *at-aran%em/$o%e %e nametn+lo ,et -el"$"4 &"la V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ 2+'e ,r"'ono&"o ra*-o'n%a-an%+ "l"2r"&an%+ &-o%"4 $l%+#n"4 &,o*na%a " +$lan%an%+ "&t"na $o%e &meta%+/ M"lo0e-"3 2" ta'a mo(aoo'n"%et" ,o&mrtn+ ,o2%e'+.

Proašaji Me"unaro%no* su%a prav%e

O'l+$a Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e o' ;. <e2r+ara ::./ $o%em+ %e ,r"%e #etrnae&t(o'"na ,o'ne&ena t+2a 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne ,rot"- Sr2"%e *a (enoc"'/ &a-r0eno "l+&tr"rao-+ o,a&no&t. S+' %e o&lo2o'"o Sr2"%+ $ao 'ra-+ &-a$e "*ra-ne o'(o-orno&t" " &-a$o(&+'"on"0t-a + ,o$ol%+ + Sre2ren"c"/ $o%e %e " on na*-ao (enoc"'om " ,r","&ao &na(ama2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Sr2"%a &e/ ,roc"%en"o %e S+'/ ne moe &matrat" o'(o-ornom *a '%ela Sr2a+ 5o&n" *ato 0to "ma +t%eca%a na &-o%e &+&%e'e "l" *ato 0to "m %e 'a-ala *na#a%n+ ,omo3na ,ol"t"#$om " -o%nom ,ol%+. Ca$ " 'a "m %e ,o&lala &,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce "l" 'r+(e tr+,e $ao,o%a#an%e. S+' n"&+ +-%er"l" n" 'o$a*" $o%" &+ m+ ,re'an" 'a %e 5eo(ra' 'ao ,o'r0$+*na%+3" o #em+ %e r"%e# "l" 'a %e 4t"o 'a &e 'o(o'" 2a0 ta% ,o$ol%/ a naro#"to 'a %e el"on%e(o- +n"0ta-a%+3" +#"na$.

Prema me)+naro'nom ,ra-+/ '%ela o&o2a/ &$+,"na "l" ent"teta $o%e %e'na 'ra-a &ta-" nara&,ola(an%e 'r+(o% -la&t" ne mo(+ &e ,r","&at" to% 'ra-" a$o "4 %e ,o#"n"la n"a -la&t o$o%o% + tom &l+#a%+ o-"&e. O&"m a$o &+ ,r" "*-o)en%+ t"4 '%ela/ ",a$ o&tal" ,ot,+no o-"&n" o'ra-". O-a &+'2ena ,ra$&a ,ot%e#e "* 1;. (o'"ne. N"$ara(-a/ ,oton+la + (ra)an&$" rat$ao ,o&l%e'"ca 4la'norato-&$"4 tr-en%a/ t+"la %e Me)+naro'nom &+'+ ,ra-'e S%e'"n%eneAmer"#$e Dra-e. o'"ne 1;. o-a% %e &+' o&+'"o SAD *ato 0to &e ,o&l+"o &"lom ,rot"-&+-erene 'ra-e/ N"$ara(-e/ " *ato 0to %e ,ot"cao contra&e 'a ,o#"ne *lo#"ne ,rot"-c"-"lno( &tano-n"0t-a. C"n%en"ca 'a %e SAD +-%e2a-ao/ naor+a-ao o,&$r2l%"-ao/nanc"rao " &na2'"%e-ao contra&e n"%e +*eta $ao o&no-ana 'a &e S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"mDra-ama ,r","0e o'(o-orno&t *a *lo#"ne ,o2+n%en"4 ,ara-o%n"4 n"$ara(-an&$"4 &na(a.

Ota'a/ $r"ter"% $o%" &e ,r"4-a3a + me)+naro'nom ,ra-+ 'a 2" &e ,r","&ala o'(o-orno&t'ra-" $o%a ,o'ra-a ne$e &na(e %e&t &t-arna $ontrola $o%+ "ma na' &na(ama $o%e #"ne*lo#"ne. S+c" I7>T8>a ,o$+0al" &+ n"%an&"rat" &t-ar" + 'r+(o&t+,an%&$o% ,re&+'" + &l+#a%+D+0$a Ta'"3a 1G. %+la 1./ + $o%o% &+ o-a% $r"ter"% ,roc"%en"l" ne,r"m%en%"-"m na &l+#a%

1;



5o&ne. Na"me/ te0$o %e +&,ore)"-at" o'no&e Sr2a "* Sr2"%e " 5o&ne & o'no&"ma $a$-" &+

,o&to%al" "*me)+ n"$ara(-an&$"4 contra&a " SAD>a. Ta ra*+mna ,r"m%e'2a o'2a#ena %e2e* o$ol"0an%a ,re&+'om Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e 6I7J9 o&am (o'"na ,o&l"%e,ot-r)+%+3" +temel%eno&t o'l+$e + &l+#a%+ N"$ara(-a ,rot"- SAD>a.

T-r'e3" 'a &r,&$a 'ra-a + Sre2ren"c" n"%e '%elo-ala "*ra-no/ Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e+%e'no o&lo2a)a $r"-n%e " Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/ &-emo3no(a (a*'+ "* 5eo(ra'a.Po&re'no/ ta ,re&+'a &+(er"ra 'a &am M"lo0e-"3 n"%e "mao &t-arn+ $ontrol+ na' -o%&$om"l" na' &r,&$"m -la&t"ma + 5o&n"/ n" na' &,ec"%aln"m %e'"n"cama $o%e "m %e &ta-l%ao nara&,ola(an%e. Ta ,o&mrtna re4a2"l"tac"%a o,t+en"$a "*-r0ena %e 2e* o2*"ra na 'o$a*e +tom ,re'met+ ,re' I7T8>em/ $o%"ma Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e n"%e +-"%e$ "mao ,r"&t+,a.Pot,re'&%e'n"$ S+'&$o( -"%e3a/ %or'an&$" &+'ac Al>K4a&a?ne4 al"o %e 0to Me)+naro'n"

&+' ,ra-'e n"%e *atra"o ,r"&t+, 'o$+ment"ma Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane/ 0to 2" 2e*&+mn%e ,o%e'no&ta-"lo *a'ata$. I 2e* &+mn%e 2" omo(+3"lo +t-r)"-an%e na%"*ra-n"%"4 -e*a"*me)+ 5eo(ra'a " &re2ren"#$"4 (ro2n"ca " o'l+#"-an%e o ,ra-no% o'(o-orno&t"M"lo0e-"3e-e 'ra-e *a (enoc"' + %+l+ 1G.

Al" -"%e3e ,etnae&t &+'aca Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e/ $o%em+ ,re'&%e'a 5r"tan$aRo&aln H"(("n&/;; ra'"%e

;; 5r"tan&$a &+t$"n%a Ro&aln H"(("n& "meno-ana %e ,re'&%e'n"com Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e;. <e2r+ara ::;. D-a t%e'na ,o&l"%e ,re'&%e'ala %e V"%e3+ *a'+enom *a t+2+ 5o&ne ,rot"-Sr2"%e.

1



%e *anemar"lo +&r'ne mol2e 5o&ne 'a &e nalo" Sr2"%" 'a ,re'a te $l%+#ne 'o$+mente $o%"

&r,&$e &na(e + 5o&n" o're)+%e $ a o &a&ta-n" '"o -o%&$e + 5eo(ra'+/ ,o' -r4o-nom-la03+ 5eo(ra'a. V"%e3e Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e o2ra*lae &-o%e o'2"%an%e 'a tra"ta% 'o$a*n" mater"%al t-r'e3" 'a ,o&%e'+%e 'o-ol%no 'o$a*a 'a moe o'l+#"-at". ; 5e*ne,ro#"03ene -er*"%e t"4 'o$+menata ne 2"&mo mo(l" ra#+nat" na o&+'+ M"lo0e>-"3a *a(enoc"'/ ,o'&%e3ala %e %o0 + a,r"l+ ::. 7arla 'el Ponte. 5e* or"("nal>ne -er*"%e &%e'n"caVSO>a/ 5o&na ne3e mo3" *atra"t" o' I7J ,on"0ten%e ,re&+'e " ,ono-no ot-aran%e &l+#a%a.U ne'o&tat$+ no-"4 'o$a*a/ o'l+$a %e $ona#na. V"taln" nac"onaln" "ntere& $o%" &+ "*no&"le-la&t" + 5eo(ra'+ a ,ot-r'"l" &+c" I7T8>a $a$o 2" *a2ran"l" 0"ren%e c%elo-"to( ar4"-aVr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane $ona#no %e omo(+3"o 'a &e "&$r"-" "&t"na. 5"lo $o%a *eml%ana,ra-"la 2" &-e 0to %e + n%e*"no% mo3" 'a *a0t"t" 'ra-+ " n%e*"ne "ntere&e/ 2ran" &eVla'"m"r Per"3/ %e'an o' ,re'&ta-n"$a &r,&$e 'ele(ac"%e $o%a &e 2or"la *a +&$ra3"-an%e

ar4"-a o$+ %a-no&t" " I7J>a. S-a$" &t-arno ne*a-"&an &+' 2"o 2" na,ra-"o &-e 0to %e 2"lo +n%e(o-o% mo3" 'a ,o$+0a 'o2"t" te 'o$+mente $o%"/ -"0e ne(o "0ta 'r+(o/ ra&-%etl%a-a%+&,or + $o%em %e 2"o ,o*-an &+'"t". O'2"-0" ,r"m"%en"t" #lana$ B. Stat+ta " *atra"t" "*ra-noo' 5eo(ra'a 'a m+ ,re'a $l%+#ne 'o$+mente/ I7J %e ,o,+&t"o ,re' ,r"t"&c"ma -el"$"4 &"la$o%e &+ &e &+,rot&ta-l%ale o&+'" Sr2"%e/ me'+ n%"ma Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e/ $o%a %e -"0e (o'"na2e*+&,%e0no ,o$+0a-ala na(o-or"t" 5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+ 'a ,o-+#e t+2+.

Sr,&$e &+ -la&t" & ola$0an%em 'o#e$ale o'l+$+ I7J>a $o%om n"&+ o&+)ene 'a ,late n"$a$-+ratn+ 0tet+ 5o&n". Ka' %e r"%e# o &r,&$"m ne-la'"n"m or(an"*ac"%ama *a o2ran+ l%+'&$"4,ra-a/ one &+ o&+'"le t+ ,re&+'+ $o%a ,re'&ta-l%a ,o2%e'+ ,ol"t"$e Slo2o'anaM"lo0e-"3a " $o%a ne3e ,omo3" Sr2"%" 'a &e &+o#" &a &-o%om ,ro0lo03+ 6%er9 ,o$a*+%e

ne,ot,+n+ &l"$+ +lo(e Sr2"%e + rat+ ,ro0lo( 'e&etl%e3a. N"$ome + Vla'" Sr2"%e n"%e 2"lone,o*nato 'a ta% ar4"- ot$r"-a o'(o-orno&t 'ra-e/ "&t"#e Nata0a Kan'"3/ ,re'&%e'n"caFon'a *a 4+man"tarno ,ra-o + 5eo(ra'+.

Sa'a 2ol%e ra*+m"%emo *a0to %e M"lo0e-"3 ,o'+*eo tol"$e na,ore 'a +&,o&ta-" &tr+$t+re$o%e &+ 2"le ,ara-an "*me)+ (ro2n"ca " n%e(o-e ,ala#e. Kao ,ra-" ma%&tor man",+lac"%e/ne,re&tano %e ,o$+0a-ao ,r"$r"t" &-o%+ +lo(+ "*a mar"onet&$"4 'ra-a $o%e %e &t-or"o +5o&n" " Hr-at&$o%/ " &$r"-ao &e "*a mno0t-a &+'"on"$a/ ,o&e2no e&$a'rona &mrt". Vla&t"$o%e &+ 'o0le ,o&l"%e n%e(a mo(le &+ ,r"4-at"t" 'a 2+'e o&+)en *a o&o2n+ o'(o-orno&t.N"%e "m 2"lo ne,o*nato 0to %e &-e +#"n"o. Znale &+ 2ol%e o' "$o(a 'a %e Sr2"%a ,o'M"lo0e-"3em &+'%elo-ala + rat+ " *lo#"n"ma. Al" n"&+ 4t%ele 'a &r,&$a 'ra-a ,re+*meo'(o-orno&t *a to. Sto(a &+ &e " one ,otr+'"le ,r"$r"t" 'o$a*e $o%" na%-"0e $om,rom"t"ra%+/a + tom ,ot4-at+ $or"&t"le &+ &e &+ra'n%om %e'no( '"%ela &+'aca I7T8>a " I7J>a. O'l+$a I7J>a ne moe/ 'a$le/ ,reten'"rat" na ra&-%etl%a-an%e ,o-"%e&t" " r%e0a-an%e &,ora "*me)+ t"4'-"%+ 'ra-a. Por"can%e + $o%em+ %e I7J &-%e&no &+'%elo-ao o'+&ta-0" o' ne,ro2ran"4ar4"-a Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane no&" o,a&no&t 'a %e'ne o'-rat" o' ,r"4-a3an%a

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o'(o-orno&t"/ a 'r+(e o' -ol%e *a ,om"ren%em.

U,ra-" + 5eo(ra'+ 2"la %e 'o2ro ,o*nata $l"ma mrn%e $o%a %e -la'ala "*me)+ 2o&an&$"4Sr2a " M+&l"mana + ,o'r+#%+ Sre2ren"ce " 'a 3e ona 'o-e&t/ 'o (enoc"'a/ "&t"#e+o&talom I7J. enoc"' 2" &e 'o"&ta " &,r"%e#"o 'a %e 6M"lo0e-"3e-a9 Sr2"%a '%elo-ala&+$la'no me)+naro'n"m o2a-e*ama " 'a %e "&$or"&t"la &-o% +t%eca% na 2o&an&$e Sr2e$a$o 2" &,r"%e#"la *lo#"n na' *lo#"n"ma. Prema 'o$+ment"ma ,r"$+,l%en"ma t"%e$omM"lo0e-"3e-a ,roce&a ,re' I7T8>em/ o-a% *a$l%+#a$ &-%e'o#" o -ol%" &+'aca I7J>a 'a+man%e +lo(+ Sr2"%e + ,o$retan%+ to( *lo#"na na' *lo#"n"ma. Ta$o %e Sr2"%a o&+)ena *ato0to %e ,ro,+&t"la &,r"%e#"t" (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ al" " *ato 0to %e ,ro,+&t"la $a*n"t" *a(enoc"' o'2"-0" ,re'at" Rat$a Mla'"3a I7T8>+. Zato %e Sr2"%a 'o2"la nalo( *a +4"3en%eo,t+en"4 + 2"%e(+ o' I7T8>a/ o' $o%"4 &+ '-o%"ca/ o' #et-or"ce $o%" &re'"nom ::. %o0+-"%e$ ne'o&ta%+/ traena *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"= Ra'o-an Kara'"3 " Rat$o Mla'"3.

67 S+c" Me)+naro'no( &+'a ,ra-'e o2%a0n%a-a%+ &-o%e o'2"%an%e 'a o' Sr2"%e trae 'a ,re'a&-e+$+,no&t 'o$+menata VSO>a + ,ara(rama :G. " :;. &-o%e o'l+$e o' ;. <e2r+ara ::.

4tt,=@@???."c%>c"%.or(@'oc$et@>le&@1@1!>;G.,'< .

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http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/-files/91/13-685.pdf

http://www.icj-cij.org/docket/-files/91/13-685.pdf



III. POGLAVLJE

Dejtonska tragedija

V"0e o' %e'no( 'e&etl%e3a -el"$e &"le #"%e &+ &na(e 2"le ra&,ore)ene + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n""(rale &+ &e &$r"-a#a & Ra'o-anom Kara'"3em " Rat$om Mla'"3em/ '-o%"com (la-n"4o,t+en"$a + 2"%e(+ o' I7T8>a. Pre' on"m 0to &e n"#"m ne moe o,ra-'at"/ one &+ (+0"le$r"t"$+/ ra*-"le &trate("%e ,ro,a(an'e " ne+mol%"-o &e &+,rot&ta-l%ale ma("&trat"ma I7T8>a.N"$a' n"&+ ,re&tale o'2"%at" ,re'at" ,ra-'" o'(o-orne *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c".

Dra(a (o&,o)o 'el Ponte/

A$o %e o-a% #lana$ ta#an/; -" 2"&te &e moral"/ -rlo "&$reno re#eno/ &t"'%et". U n%em+ &te,o,l%+-al" ra' " na,ore mno(o l%+'" $o%"/ 'an%+ " no3+/ #e&to +* o,a&no&t *a &-o% "-ot/&t-arno ra'e na +4"3en%+ o,t+en"4 + 2"%e(+ o' I7T8>a.

Ja ne3+ 'at" n"$a$-+ "*%a-+ t"&$+ $a$o 2"4 o,o-r(n+o -a0e r"%e#" n"t" 3+ ,ro&l"%e'"t" o-o,"&mo 'r+("ma. Zlo %e/ naalo&t/ ,o#"n%eno/ al" %a n"$a'a ne3+ %a-no na,a&t" o&o2+ "* t"ma$o%a t-r'" 'a 2ran" "&t+ ,ra-e'n+ &t-ar. V" &te +0l" + "(r+ 5o&anaca/ $o%" &+ o-'%e/naalo&t/ +-%eren" 'a &+ SFOR/ me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca 6+$l%+#+%+3" " -a&9/ a mo'a " ne$"o' na0"4 naro'a 'o(o-orno &$o-al" ne0to 0to %e &4-a3eno $ao *a-%era #"%" 2" c"l% 2"o 'a &ene +4"te *lo#"nc" *2o( ne$o( ma$%a-el"&t"#$o( " a,&+r'no( ra*lo(a/ ma $o%" to 2"o. I -a&

&+ +-+$l" + "(r+ ne$"4 Sr2a $o%" &+ &retn" 'a 'o$a+ $a$o n%"4o- %+na$ Ra'o-an/ ne$a-r&ta 4a%'+$a "l" 'ana0n%e( Ro2"na Hoo'a/ ,r$o&" na%mo3n"%"m 0er"ma . " I. &tol%e3a.

Do -a0e( ,o&l%e'n%e( na,a'a na #lano-e -a0e( -la&t"to( t"ma/ ,o$+0a-al" &mo,ro-o'"t" &-e o-la&t" $o%"ma ra&,olaemo/ $a$o 'r+0t-en" ,r"t"&a$ ta$o " -o%n+ &"l+/ ata$o)er '",lomat&$e " nanc"%&$e ,r"t"&$e/ na &-e a&,e$te Kara'>"3e-a car&t-a/+$l%+#+%+3" " o2"tel%/ n%e(o-e ,r"&ta0e " &tr+$t+re $o%e (a &$r"-a%+ " 0t"te. Pre$o,al" &mo ",re-rn+l" &-a$" $amen#"3 " -r0"l" $ra%n%" ,r"t"&a$ na &-a$om m%e&t+ 'a -"'"mo 2"&mo l"mo(l" ot-or"t" " na%man%+ ,+$ot"n+/ na%man%" ,roc%e, + *a0t"tn"m &tr+$t+rama. M" &e,r"2l"a-amo/ " na $onc+ 3emo +&,%et". Al"/ 'o 'ana& %e %a-n" ,r"t"&a$/ +* me'"%e/,re'&ta-l%ao 'ra(oc%eno &re'&t-o.

A -" &te na& +,ra-o l"0"l" %e'ne o' &na(a $o%"ma &mo ra&,ola(al"/ +man%"l" &te na0+ mo3'%elo-an%a " na0"m &te $le-etn"c"ma 'al" 0ta, $o%"m 3e na& t+3". Un"0t"l" &te " +(le' #lano-a&-o%e -la&t"te e$",e nera*2or"to ,o$a*a-0" 'a -rlo &la2o -la'ate &o2om.

1!:



Zna%+3" 'a &e +o,3e ne 2r"nete *2o( to(a/ %a &am " &am %a$o ra*o#aran "/

$ao " -"/ -rlo l%+t. I&$reno/

Jo4n 5. S-l-e&ter

<el'mar0al/ Vo%&$a SAD>a/ *a,o-%e'n"$ SFOR>a. B. a+(+&ta ::.

; !. a+(+&ta ::. A(ence France Pre&&e o2%a-l%+%e r"%e#" 7arle 'el Ponte/ t+"tel%"ce I7T8>%a/ +$o%"ma o,t++%e &na(e NATO>a + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ SFOR/ 'a ne +la+ &-e &-o%e &na(e *a+4"3en%e Kara'"3a. SFOR mora ,re&tat" -r0"t" a$t"-no&t" ,ro,a(an'ne nara-". Ja &am -e3 -rlol%+ta. SFOR mora ra'"t" &-"m &na(ama. U-%erena &am 'a (a on" mo(+ +4a,&"t". S+tra'an %o%*a,o-%e'n"$ SFOR>a/ amer"#$" (eneral S-l-e&ter/ 0al%e o-o ,"&mo.

1!1



7onsenzus %a se ništa ne učini

Ka' %e + mart+ 1;. Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t o'l+#"la 'o3" na 2re+l%$e Sre2ren"ce %o0 ,o&+tele0e-"ma rta-a &tra0n"4 ,o$ol%a "* %+la 1G./ to %e 2"lo *ato 'a 2" 'ala ,o'r0$+ ra'+me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Mla'"3 " Kara'"3 mora%+ *nat" 'a &+ n%"4o-" 'an" na &lo2o'"o'2ro%en"/ "*%a-"la %e ,re' -o%&$om <oto(ra<a " no-"nara. N%e*"ne "*%a-e +l"%e-ale &+ ta'a#-r&t+ na'+ 'a 3e na%>o'(o-orn"%" *a (enoc"'/ $o%e %e I7T8 ,r"%e ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" o,t+"o/2"t" %e'no( 'ana "*a re0eta$a. Vele,o&lan"ca SAD>a ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma el"+&m%er"t" ,o*orno&t na ratne *lo#"ne " *lo#"nce 'o$ &e ta'a/ ,o#et$om 1;. na%-"0e(o-or" o na%-an"%o% o,erac"%" o'ra-an%a m"ra $o%a %e "$a' ,o'+*eta/ o &lan%+ 0e*'e&et4"l%a'a -o%n"$a NATO>a/ $o%e %e + t"%e$+. I7T8 " n%e(o-e o,t+n"ce n"&+ '"o ,r"or"teta. Kao

n" 4a0$" "&tra"tel%"/ $o%" &+ *a,o#el" '+(otra%na e$&4+m"ran%a $o%a &e na&ta-l%a%+ " 'ana&na tra(+ ot$r"3a no-"4 $o&t+rn"ca + $o%"ma %e *a$o,ano o$o o&am 4"l%a'a rta-aSre2ren"ce. NATO .&talno "*2%e(a-a ,r+"t" ,omo3 I7T8>+/ o&"(+rat" " ra*m"n"rat" o$ol"c+

%ama $a$o 2" &e "*2%e(le ne&re3e " &,r"%e#"lo +n"0ta-an%e 'o$a*a.

Nema &+mn%e 'a Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t "nt"mno el" 'a n%e*"ne r"%e#" ,o&tan+ &t-arno&t. Al",ol"t"$a %e o'l+#"la 'r+(a#"%e. 5"-0" 0e< amer"#$e '",lomac"%e La?rence Ea(le2+r(er/ $o%"

%e + 'ecem2r+ 1. +2ra%ao Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a me)+ o&+mn%"#ene ratne *lo#"nce/ n"%e/me)+t"m/ "mao n"$a$-"4 "l+*"%a. Rea("ra%+3" na "nter-%+ Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a amer"#$o%mre" 75S/ $o%" %e em"t"ran 1. &e,tem2ra 1G. + em"&"%" ;: m"n+ta/ "*%a-l%+%e= A$o &+Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 tol"$o (l+," 'a na,+&te re("%+/ mo'a 3e 2"t" ,o*-an" " ,re'an" &+c"ma.Al" *a,ra-o/ o'(o-or %e na -a0e ,"tan%e 'a %a 'o"&ta &+mn%am/ &+mn%am 'a 3e %e'no('ana 2"t" ,r"-e'en" ,ra-'".

Za -r"%eme m"ro-n"4 ,re(o-ora $o%" &+ &e o'ra-al" o' 1. 'o 1. no-em2ra 1G. +amer"#$o% -o%no% 2a*" + malom (ra'"3+ Daton+/ + O4"%+/ ,"tan%e ratn"4 *lo#"naca "n%"4o-a +4"3en%a %e'no&ta-no n"%e 2"lo na 'ne-nome re'+. Ca$ &+ (a amer"#$"/ e+ro,&$" "r+&$" '",lomat"/ $o%" &+ 2"l" + Daton+/ o$ara$ter"*"ral" $ao 'ael>2ra$er/ 'a$le/ ,"tan%e $o%emoe +n"0t"t" ,re(o-ore. I,a$/ #et"r" m%e&eca ,o&l"%e/ B. %+la/ I7T8 %e Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a/,ol"t"#$o( " -o%no( -o'+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ o,t+"o *a (enoc"' " *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t"*2o( n%"4o-e +lo(e + $am,an%" etn"#$o( #"03en%a ne&r,&$o( &tano-n"0t-a 5o&ne "Herce(o-"ne " + $am,an%" terora ,ro-o)eno( ,rot"- c"-"lno( &tano-n"0t-a o,&%e'n+to(Sara%e-a. O&"m n%"4o-e o2a-e*e 'a &+ra)+%+ & I7T8>em/ 'a$le 'a +4"te o,t+ene/ &-e

'ra-e/ ,o' #"%"m ,o$ro-"tel%&t-om &+ &e 'o(a)al" ,re(o-or" + Daton+/ o2a-e*ale &+ &e/rat"c"ra%+3" Kon-enc"%+ o (enoc"'+ "* 1B./ 'a 3e ,o0t"-at" o2a-e*+ 'a $a*ne n%e(o-e"*-r0"oce.

1!



Me)+naro'n" ,re(o-ara#" *a to ne 4a%+. Do te m%ere/ 'a + ,r-o -r"%eme/ #a$ ra*matra%+

mo(+3no&t 'a ,o*o-+ + Daton Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a " Rat>$a Mla'"3a. N%"ma/ me)+t"m/n"%e ne,o*nato 'a o&"m #"n%en"ca *2o( $o%"4 "4 I7T8 -e3 $a*neno ,ro(on"/ '-o%"ca ratn"4-o)a &no&e (olem+ o'(o-orno&t + no-"%"m &ma$n+3"ma 4"l%a'a M+&l"mana + Sre2ren"c"/,o$ol%+ $o%" %e -e3 ,r"$a*an $ao na%-e3" 0to (a %e E+ro,a 'o"-%ela na$on 1BG. Al" ta'-o%"ca "ma%+ mo3 &+,rot&ta-"t" &e m"r+ $o%" mora ,r"-e&t" $ra%+ tr" " ,ol (o'"ne rata "*lo#"na + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". D",lomat"/ 'a$le/ mora%+ 2"t" &"(+rn" + n%"4o-+ ,o'r0$+/ ana%2ol%e %e &re'&t-o "mat" "4 ,r" r+c". I*a&lan"$ *a ,ra-ne ,o&lo-e <ranc+&$o( M"n"&tar&t-ao2rane/ Mare +"lla+me/ +r" &e + not" o' . %+la 1G. +m"r"t" &-o%e ,ret,o&ta-l%ene. Ne,re'&ta-l%a ,re$r0a% ,re(o-arat" & ne$"m t$o %e o&+mn%"#en/ a n"%e o&+)en/ t+ma#" on*a,ra-o ,re,or+#+%+3" 'a &e te -e*e o're + na%-e3o% mo(+3o% ta%no&t". I &am M"lo0e-"3+-%eren %e + -ol%+ -el"$"4 &"la 'a ,o*o-+ Mla'"3a *a *elen" &tol. /Ja &am &"(+ran 'a %e

me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca &,remna ,r"4-at"t" Mla'"3e- ,ot,"& na 2"lo $o%" m"ro-n" ,lan/t-r'" M"lo0e-"3 na %e'nom &a&tan$+ Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 + 5eo(ra'+/ !.a+(+&ta 1G. I na(la0a-a 'a ona/ na,rot"-/ ne el" Kara'"3a *2o( n%e(o-a o'2"%an%a-"0e m"ro-n"4 ,lano-a + ,ro0lo&t". Al" ,r"%etn%a I7T8>e-a t+"tel%a " &+'aca 'a 3e 'at"o&ta-$+ " +*et" *a &-%e'o$a %a-no mn"%en%e a$o '-a o,t+en"$a traena *2o( (enoc"'a ",o' me)+naro'n"m nalo(om *a +4"3en%e 2+'+ &+'%elo-ala + ,re(o-or"ma +m%e&to 'a2+'+ +4"3en"/ ,o(a)a c"l%. Na$on 0to &+/ ne ,o'+*e-0" n"0ta/ na*o#"l" ,o$ol%+ &tano-n"0t-a$o%e &+ moral" 0t"t"t"/ amer"#$" " e+ro,&$" '+no&n"c" 2o%e &e $r"t"$e &-o%e(a %a-no(mn"%en%a/ a naro#"to 'a 3e "4 Ha0$" &+' o,t+"t" 'a &+ ,re$r0"l" Kon-enc"%+ o (enoc"'+ "*1B. Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 ne3e ,re(o-arat" o m"r+= on" &+ ,r"&"l%en" ,re,+&t"t" &-o%e m%e&toSlo2o'an+ M"lo0e-"3+. To 3e 2"t" %e'"n" +&t+,a$ I7T8>+ + Daton+.

1!!



Uo#" ,re(o-ora/ *a -r"%eme %e'no( o' ,o&l%e'n%"4 ,r",remn"4 &a&tana$a + 5"%elo% $+3"/ !1.

o$to2ra 1G./ R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e/ %e'an o' (la-n"4 amer"#$"4 ,re(o-ara#a/ o&tao %e +man%"n" $a' %e +,o*or"o= Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a tre2a +4"t"t". To n"%e &amo ,"tan%e ,ra-'e-e3 " m"ra. A$o on" ne 2+'+ +4"3en"/ n"$a$a- 'o(o-or o m"r+ &$lo,l%en + Daton+ nema"*(le'a 'a +&,"%e. 5"l" 7l"nton "ma 'r+("4 2r"(a. U &l+#a%+ m"ra/ on 3e morat" 'on"%et"na%te+ o'l+$+ *a %e'no( ,re'&%e'n"$a/ t%. ,o&lat" 4"l%a'e mla'"4 Amer"$anaca na o,a&n+" ,otenc"%alno &mrtono&n+ ,o*orn"c+. Na$on Somal"%e/ m" moramo %a&no o're'"t" &-o%+m"&"%+ ta$o 'a "*2%e(nemo &-a$+ ne,re'-")en+ &"t+ac"%+/ "n*"&t"ra amer"#$",re'&%e'n"$.;

O&amnae&t amer"#$"4 -o%n"$a ,o("n+lo %e + o$to2r+ 1!. + Mo(a'"0++/ 2e*+&,%e0no,o$+0a-a%+3" *aro2"t" &omal"%&$o( ratno( -o'+ A"'"'a. Na$on to( 'e2a$la/ 5"l" 7l"nton

"*a2"re 'o$tr"n+ n" %e'an ,o("n+l" " ,rot"-" &e &-a$o% "nter-enc"%" na tl+. Da$le/ *a 5"%el+$+3+ ne 'ola*" + o2*"r ,re+*"man%e n" na%man%e( r"*"$a + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". Amer"#$e3e tr+,e 2"t" tamo ,o&lane $a' 2+'e ,ot,"&an m"r/ ,o' +-%etom 'a " m ne 2+'e 'anao-la&t *a +4"3en%e ratn"4 -o)a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a.

Do,+&t"t" Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+ 'a ,re'-o'e &r,&$+ ,ol"t"#$+ " -o%n+ -la&t + 5o&n"/ to ",a$ne moe *a'o-ol%"t" a&4"n(ton. N%"4o-o "*-la0ten%e "*(le'alo %e ,rema tome $aocon'"t"o &"ne +a non *a m"r " &$oro &lan%e mar"naca. Amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$/ arren74r"&to,4er ra&,ra-l%a o tome . no-em2ra 1G. &a Slo2o'anom M"lo0e-"3em $o%" %e+,ra-o &t"(ao + Daton. No/ '-a 'ana ,o&l"%e/ -la&t" 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a %a-no o&,ora-a%+M"lo0e-"3+ &-a$+ o-la&t 'a o'l+#+%+ o &-r(a-an%+ Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. M"lo0e-"3 %e +Daton+ 'a 2" +m%e&to n%"4 ,re(o-arao o +-%et"ma m"ra/ n"$a$o o +-%et"ma n%"4o-a

,o-la#en%a "* ,ol"t"#$o( "-ota. Prema o2"tel%" " o&o2ama 2l"&$"ma Kara'"3+/ amer"#$a-la'a %e -e3 &+tra'an/ G. no-em2ra 1G./ ra&,ra-l%ala o &+'2"n" -o)e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a &o-la0ten"m Kara'"3e-"m ,re'&ta-n"$om + Daton+/ Ale$>&om 5+4om/ ta'a0n%"m0e<om '",lomac"%e &amo,ro(la0ene Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e + 5o&n". Ta% %e ta%n" +(o-or *at"m&aet na l"&t ,a,"ra " <a$&"ran Kara'"3+ $o%" %e o&tao + 5o&n". Ta% <a$&/ ,r"loen $aoane$& "*-%e0ta%+ o ra&,ra-" "*me)+ Ale$&e 5+4e " R"c4ar'a Hol2roo$a/ a #"%+ &+a+tent"#no&t amer"#$" r+$o-o'"oc" +-"%e$ ,o2"%al"/ o2%a-l%en %e + '-a na-rata +2an%al+#$om l"&t+ Zona S+mra$a te + mart+ ::. + #a&o,"&+ Fo$+&. Pr" o2%a-l%"-an%+/Kara'"3e- " Hol2roo$o- ,ot,"&/ (r+2e "m"tac"%e/ 'o'an" &+ na 'n+ 'o$+menta. U(o-or/ta$o ,re,"&an/ &a'r" tr" '"%ela= o2a-e*e Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a ,rema amer"#$o% -la'"/*at"m o2a-e*e amer"#$e -la'e ,rema Kara'"3+ "/ na $ra%+/ +-%ete ,r"m%ene 'o(o-ora.Kara'"3 &e o2a-e*+%e 'a 3e 'en"t"-no na,+&t"t" &-e ,ol"t"#$e <+n$c"%e + ro$+ o''e-e'e&et 'ana/ 'a 3e o'+&tat"/ & ne,o&re'n"m +#"n$om 6t%. G. no-em2ra9/ o' &-a$o('ono0en%a ,ol"t"#$"4 "l" e$onom&$"4 o'l+$a "l" on"4 $o%e &e o'no&e na -o%ne o,erac"%e/&el%en%e &tano-n"0t-a. Kara'"3 3e morat" ,o&tat" ne-"'l%"-= On 3e &e ,o-+3" na ne$o

1!B



m%e&to/ +&meno 'o(o-oreno "*me)+ '-"%+ &trana o2a-e*+%+3" &e 'a ne3e na,+&t"t"

2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+. O' amer"#$e -la'e ,r"m"t 3e "*no& o' ;:: ::: 'olara + lo$alno%-al+t" *a &l%e'e3"4 ,et (o'"na/ a ta$o)er //+ -la&n"0t-o m%e&to *a &tano-an%e "ra&,ola(at 3e //& na%man%e 0e&t o&o2a 'a 0t"te n%e(o-+ &"(+rno&t. Na,o$on/ amer"#$a-la'a o2a-"%e&t"t 3e Kara'"3a o &-a$o% o,a&no&t" $o%a 2" mo(la ,o-r"%e'"t" n%e(o-+&"(+rno&t. U(o-or &e moe ra&$"n+t" *a%e'n"#$"m 'o(o-orom "l" %e'no&trano na"n"c"%at"-+ Vla'e SAD>a.

O' %+la/ 'ra-n" t+"tel% R"c4ar' ol'&tone na&ta-"o %e &-o%e "&tra"-an%e. U&re' m"ro-n"4,re(o-ora/ 1;. no-em2ra 1G./ on na%a-l%+%e 'a %e ,o'"(n+ta no-a o,t+n"ca ,rot"-Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a *a (enoc"'/ o-a% ,+t na temel%+ ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c". Vel"$e &"le&matra%+ 'a %e ta% tren+ta$ -rlo lo0e o'a2ran " 2o%e &e rea$c"%e Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a o

$o%"ma o-"&" ,ro-o)en%e &-a$o( m"ro-no( +(o-ora. Kao 0to 3e to +#"n"t" #et"r" (o'"ne,o&l"%e/ $a' 2+'e o$r"-l%en M"lo0e-"3/ R+&"%a 0al%e + Ha( &-o%e( "*a&lan"$a 'a tra" o't+"tel%a o2+&ta-+ $a*neno( ,ro(ona. ol'&tone &e &+,rot&ta-l%a tom *a4t%e-+. Pet 'ana,o&l"%e/ Amer"$anc" &+ tr"%+m<alno na%a-"l" m"ro-n" 'o(o-or.

Mno(" ta'a &tra4+%+ 'a %e m"r *a,e#a3en na 0tet+ ,ra-'e/ ,o' c"%en+ ta%ne amne&t"%ena%o'(o-orn"%"4.

; Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ To En' a ar/ Ran'om Ho+&e/ Ne? 8or$/ 1./ &tr ;.Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ To En' a ar/ Ran'om Ho+&e/ Ne? 8or$/ 1./ &tr ;.

1!G



Po-"%e&t o2"l+%e ta$-"m &l+#a%e-"ma. T"m -"0e 0to ,"tan%e ratn"4 *lo#"naca/ ,re2a#en"4 +

&<er+ ne*(o'n"4 tema/ *a+*"ma te$ ne$ol"$o re'a$a + De%ton&$om +(o-or+. S-e &+&trane &tro(o o,omen+te 'a + c"%elo&t" &+ra)+%+ & Ha0$"m &+'om/ $a$o + ,r"$+,l%an%+'o$a*a ta$o " + +4"3en%+ o,t+en"4. Al" 'o(o-or ,r"%e &-e(a o're)+%e 'a o&o2e $o%e I7T8o,t+" 2+'+ "&$l%+#ene "* ,ol"t"#$o( "-ota. A me)+naro'ne &na(e/ $o%e 3e +&$oro ,o'*a&ta-om NATO>a 2"t" ,o&lane 'a ,romatra%+ " 2'"%+ na' ,ro-o)en%em 'o(o-ora/ "ma%+o-la&t"/ al" n"$a$o " o2a-e*+ 'a +4"te ratne *lo#"nce. I*(le'a 'a &+ &e ,ot-r'"laEa(le2+r(ero-a ,re'-")an%a.

U Par"*+/ 1B. 'ecem2ra/ *a -r"%eme &l+2eno( ,ot,"&"-an%a m"ro-n"4 +(o-ora &$lo,l%en"4+ Daton+/ 5"lla 7l"ntona *a2r"n%a-a #"n%en"ca 'a Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 mo(+ 0tet"t" %er &+ %o0+-"%e$ na -la&t" " e&to$o &e ,rot"-e m"r+ +(o-orenom 2e* n%"4o-e ,r"-ole. No n%"4o-o

,r"&ta%an%e na m"ro-ne +(o-ore neo,4o'no %e *a ne,o&re'no &lan%e 0e*'e&et 4"l%a'aNATO>o-"4 -o%n"$a. On ta'a ,o'&%e3a M"lo0e-"3a 'a %e on %amac 'o(o-ora " 'a %eo2a-e*an na&ta-"t" -r0"t" &-e ,otre2ne ,r"t"&$e $a$o 2" o&"(+rao ,r"&tana$ '-o%"ceo,t+en"4. U,o*ora-a (a= Ja -a& &matram o'(o-orn"m *a &"(+rno&t mo%"4 '-a'e&et4"l%a'a mar"naca. Al" 7l"nton 'a%e ,r"or"tet Kara'"3e-+ " Mla'"3e-+ &-r(a-an%+ & -la&t" "+ Par"*+ &e *alae *a 2r*o or(an"*"ran%e "*2ora + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". N" a&4"n(ton n"n%e(o-" ,artner" ne ,om"0l%a%+ ta'a na +4"3en%e.

S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e n"&+ %e'"ne $o%e m"&le 'a 2" +4"3en%e Kara'"3a "l" Mla'"3a'o-elo + o,a&no&t n%"4o-e tr+,e. S-" *a4t"%e-a%+ man'at $o%" ma$&"malno o(ran"#a-ao,a&no&t". A *a -e3"n+ -o%n"$a +4"3en%e ratn"4 *lo#"naca *na#"lo 2" o,re'%el%"-an%e +&+$o2+. Vo%&$e nera'o ,ro-o'e a$c"%e &+'&$e ,ol"c"%e. One ne ele 2"t" &4-a3ene $ao

,omo3n"c" me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e. U &l+#a%+ +4"3en%a/ 2o%e &e o'ma*'e/ +*"man%a talaca"l" ,o2+ne nac"onal"&t"#$"4 Sr2a/ 0to 2" "*a*-alo o,a&no&t r+0en%a m"ro-no( 'o(o-ora.Ha0$" &+' ne moe/ 'a$le/ ,o,+t &+'a + Nrn2er(+ ra#+nat" na ,omo3 &a-e*n"#$"4-o%n"4 &na(a + "*r+#"-an%+ o,t+en"$a " 'o$a*a.

Ka' &e 0e*'e&et 4"l%a'a NATO>o-"4 -o%n"$a ,o#et$om 1;. ra&,ore)+%e ,o 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n"/ na%mo3n"%a -o%&$a &-"%eta nema ,ra-o ,ro-o'"t" o<en*"-ne a$c"%e $a$o 2"+4-at"la %e'no( o$r"-l%en"$a + 2"%e(+. Rat$o Mla'"3/ %o0 +-"%e$ (la-n" *a,o-%e'n"$ &na(a2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ r+(a &e ,r"&tan$+ 'a &e n"0ta ne +#"n". On + mart+ 1;. o'la*" na

%e'an 'an &$"%an%a na &ara%e-&$"m 2r'"ma " ,ot-r)+%e ,re' tele-"*"%&$"m $amerama 'a &en"malo ne 2o%" +4"3en%a. Ra'o-an Kara'"3 "-" na Palama $ao &lo2o'an #o-%e$. S-a$o(

'ana "* &-o%e -"le o'la*" + +re'/ ,re' ra-no'+0n"m ,o(le'"ma NATO>o-"4 ,atrola. On %e %o0 +-"%e$ ,re'&%e'n"$ &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n". Na&ta-l%a ,ol"t"#$o '%elo-an%e/ ,r"&+&t-+%e*a&%e'an%+ S$+,0t"ne 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a " &%e'n"cama &-o%e &tran$e #"%" %e ta$o)er,re'&%e'n"$. Ta%n" +(o-or o' G. no-em2ra/ a$o %e +o,3e a+tent"#an/ 'o ta'a n"%e 2"o

1!;



"&,o0to-an.

Uo#" ,r-"4 ,o&l"%eratn"4 "*2ora/ ,re'-")en"4 *a 1B. &e,tem2ra 1;./ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3'ale$o &+ o' to(a 'a 2+'+ ne+tral"*"ran"/ $ao 0to %e tra"o 7l"nton. D"o 5o&ne "Herce(o-"ne 'o'"%el%en Sr2"ma ,re$r"-en %e ,la$at"ma & Kara'"3e-"m l"$om. O,t+en"$&e el" $an'"'"rat" " "ma &-e "*(le'e 'a ,o2"%e'". Kor"&t" &e tele-"*"%om " me'"%"ma $o%e %o0+-"%e$ $ontrol"ra $a$o 2" &,r"%e#"o &-a$" o2l"$ ,om"ren%a. De%ton&$" ,roce& na ,+t+ %e 'a*a&tran". a&4"n>(ton/ + ,an"c"/ na&to%" +'al%"t" Kara'"3a "* ,ol"t"$e " "* 5o&ne. Amer"$anc"ta'a ,o$a*+%+ -el"$+ '",lomat&$+ 'om"0l%ato&t $a$o 2" ne+tral"*"ral" Kara'"3a/ a 'a &e nemora%+ &l+"t" &re'&t-"ma ,r"n+'e $o%"ma/ na"me/ ra&,ola+. Jer +4"3en%e ne 'ola*" +o2*"r.

Pot$ra% ,rol%e3a 1;./ Amer"$anc" '%el+%+ na '-%ema <rontama. State De,artment 0al%e

ne$ol"$o ,+ta + 5eo(ra' &-o%e( ,omo3n"$a *a'+eno( *a e+ro,&$e ,o&lo-e Jo4naKorn2l+ma 'a o' M"lo0e-"3a 'o2"%e Kara'"3e-o ,o-la#en%e "* ,ol"t"#$o( "-ota. Al"M"lo0e-"3 &e o(l+0+%e na to. Amer"$anc" &e ta'a/ "&to'o2no/ ,o$+0a-a%+ ,r"2l""t"Kara'"3+. Je'an o' na#"na 'a (a +$lone 2"lo 2" +-%er"t" (a 'a &-o%e-ol%no ot")e + Ha(.Vr"%eme ,r"t"03e %er S+' *a ;. %+na na%a-l%+%e ot-aran%e %a-ne &+'2ene ra&,ra-e o,re'met+ Kara'"3 "Mla'"3 na $o%o% 2" + o&no-n"m crtama tre2ale 2"t" "*ne&ene o,t+2e $o%e "4 terete. : U*am%en+ *a

: I7T8 n"%e 2"o o-la0ten &+'"t" + o'&+tno&t"/ o-o *a&%e'an%e/ or(an"*"rano ,r"m%enom #lan$a ;1./Pra-"ln"$a o ,o&t+,$+/ ,r"%e &-e(a "ma nam%er+ o2a-"%e&t"t" %a-no&t o ,o%e'"no&t"ma *lo#"na *a $o%e

&e o,t+en" ,ro(one. Ono &e o'ra-a +o#" ,r-e (o'"0n%"ce ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c".

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'o2ro-ol%n+ ,re'a%+/ o2e3a-a%+ m+ ne$e ,o-la&t"ce " re-"*"%+ o,t+n"ce. N%"4o- %e

"*a&lan"$ 5"l" St+e2ner/ a(ent amer"#$e -o%ne o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e $o%" %e me)+ ,r-"ma&t"(ao na S+' ('%e %e ,o&tao (la-n" &a-%etn"$ (la-no( t+"tel%a R"c4ar'a ol'&tona. Da 2""*-r0"o &-o%+ ta%n+ m"&"%+/ St+e2ner ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" na,+0ta I7T8 " ,r"'r++%e &e/,o#et$om ,rol%e3a 1;;. m"&"%" OS7E>a/ *a'+eno% 'a ,r",rem" ,r-e ,o&l"%eratne "*2ore +5o&n". U to "me/ on &e -"0e ,+ta to$om ma%a &+&re3e & Kara'"3em. Da 2" ,o&t"(ao &-o%ec"l%e-e/ Amer"$anac +-%era-a Kara'"3a 'a m+ ,r"%et" o,a&no&t " na&t+,a $ao %amacn%e(o-a *"#$o( "nte(r"teta + &l+#a%+ 'o(o-ora. C"n" &e 'a %e Kara'"3 *a(r"*ao mamac. U,"&m+ +,+3enom &-o%o% '%ec" + %+n+ 1;./ ,o-%era-a "m&-o%e &tra4o-e 'a 3e (a/ a$o (a NATO +4"t"/ +2"t" %e'an o' n%e(o-"4 t%ele&n"4 #+-ara *a$o%e( ,ret,o&ta-l%a 'a %e ,la3en"$ Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a. St+e2ner &e 2e* &+mn%e n"%emorao tr+'"t" $a$o 2" (a +-%er"o 'a 2" (a M"lo0e-"3 ra'"%e +2"o ne(o (a ,+&t"o 'a o'e +

Ha( ot$r"t" n%"4o-e ta%ne. Jer Kara'"3 2" mo(ao 2"t" 0tetan $a$o 2" &e o2ran"o o' o,t+2"$o%e (a terete/ a o&o2"to on"4 *a (enoc"' *2o( ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ on 2" mo(ao t-r'"t" ",otr+'"t" &e 'o$a*at" 'a %e on &amo ,ot,"&ao " ,re+*eo na &e2e o'l+$+ 'one&en+ +5eo(ra'+/ a #"%e %e "*-r0en%e ,o-%ereno -o%&c".

Al" Kara'"3 nema nam%er+ (o-or"t" %er on &e ne nam%era-a ,re'at" a$o + o,t+2" o&taneo,t+2a *a (enoc"'. A "ma " 'r+("4 *a4t%e-a. U o#e$"-an%+ &-o%e( ,roce&a/ el" &tano-at"+ 4otel+ + Ha(+ " "mat" $onta$t & t"&$om. Um%e&to 4otela/ o*2"l%no &e ,ro+#a-alamo(+3no&t $+3no( ,r"t-ora/ al" %e na $ra%+ o'2a#ena *2o( tro0$o-a " o'2"%an%aN"*o*emaca 'a ,re+*m+ 2r"(+ o &"(+rno&t". Kara'"3+ %e *at"m ,re'loeno 'a &e &m%e&t"+ %e'no% o' NATO>o-"4 2a*a ('%e 2" mo(ao/ + o#e$"-an%+ &+)en%a/ ,r",remat" &-o%+o2ran+. A$o &+ Amer"$anc" ,re+*el" "n"c"%at"-+ ,re(o-aran%a/ n%"4o-" &+ &a-e*n"c" ta$o)er

ra&,oloen" ra*motr"t" &-e <orm+le $o%e 2" "m omo(+3"le 'a "*2%e(n+ r"*"#n+ o,erac"%++4"3en%a. Al" Kara'"3 o'+(o-la#". N"%e +-%eren 'a %e +&re' amer"#$e "*2orne (o'"ne&t-arno "*loen mo(+3no&t" +4"3en%a. A ,o&e2no %e +-%eren 'a &e n"$ome ne +r" 'a ono'e + Ha( "*n"%et" &-o%+ -er*"%+ o Sre2ren"c" " o'(o-orno&t" + tom (enoc"'+.

Za -r"%eme &-o%"4 ,re(o-ora & Kara'"3em St+e2ner/ ,ot$ra% ma%a/ 0al%e ,or+$+,re'&%e'n"$+ S+'a Anton"%+ 7a&&e&e+ ,re'la+3" m+ 'a 'o)e na Pale &+&re&t" &e &o'-%etn"$om o,t+eno(a. Da 2" ,r",rem"o &-o%+ o2ran+/ Kara'"3 an(a"ra n%+%or0$o(o'-%etn"$a $o%" &e2e na*"-a Aaronom R"c4ar'om "l" #+'n"%e >o&,o'"nom ol+2om.

Tal"%an&$" &+'ac o'2"%a ta% &+&ret. Ne el" 'o,+&t"t" 'a 2+'e +lo-l%en + *am$+ " na)e &e,re' %e'n"m 2%e(+ncem. 7a&&e&e G. %+na 1;. *a,o#"n%e &l+2en"/ -e3 o'a-no

,re'-")en '-o'ne-n" ,o&%et Sara%e-+. C"m %e ,re'-e#er &t"(ao + 4otel/ ,r"ma + &-o%o%&o2" ,o*"- amer"#$o( ,ot,+$o-n"$a 'a 'o)e na Pale $a$o 2" &e &+&reo & Kara'"3e-"mo'-%etn"$om. O2e3a-a m+ NATO>o-+ ,ratn%+ " na(o-ara (a 'a $rene o'ma4 "l" +%+tro. 7a>&&e&e o'2"%a ,o*"-. In*"&t"ra%+3"/ amer"#$" oc"r ,ono-no *o-e ,o&l"%e na-e#er. 7a&&e&e

1!



o2e3a-a 'a 3e &e ,o&a-%eto-at" &a St+e2nerom. S+tra'an +%+tro "&to *a4t"%e-a "

St+e2ner. Pre'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a na,o$on ,o,+0ta. On n" tren+t$a ne &+mn%a 'a &eAmer"$anc"ma +r" '%elo-at" ,r"%e o'ra-an%a &+'&$e ra&,ra-e o &l+#a%+ Kara'"3/ $o%+&+ &+c" &a*-al" +,ra-o $a$o 2" na &-o% na#"n o2"l%e"l" ,r-+ (o'"0n%"c+ tra(e'"%e +Sre2ren"c" " ,o'&%et"l" &-"%et 'a ta$-" *lo#"n" ne mo(+ o&tat" ne$an%en". Me)+t"m/ a$o &era&,ra-a $o%a %e tre2ala tra%at" 'o U. %+la o'r"/ 2"t 3e "m te0$o ,r"&"l"t" S+' na ne$ena(o'2e + c"l%+ re-"*"%e o,t+n"ce. 7a&&e&e %e ,r"4-at"o 'a &e &+&retne & o'-%etn"$om ,o'+-%etom 'a &+&ret o&tane ta%an " 'a &e or(an"*"ra na &"(+rnome m%e&t+/ + na*o#no&t"'-a%+ &-%e'o$a. Malo ,r"%e ,o'ne-a/ ;. %+na/ o'la*" + la-n" &toer Me)+naro'n"4 &na(a6IFOR9. Amer"#$" o'-%etn"$ (a #e$a/ al" *a4t"%e-a &+&ret + #et"r" o$a. 7a&&e&e +,o*ora-a'a on n"%e 'o0ao ,re(o-arat"/ ne(o "*lo"t" <+n$c"on"ran%e S+'a " +-%er"t" (a 'a n"%e r"%e# o,rot+&r,&$o% +&tano-". O'-%etn"$ &tr,l%"-o &l+0a tal"%an&$o( &+ca. Na $ra%+ &a&tan$a/

,o&ta-l%a ,"tan%e= Po&to%" l" mo(+3no&t 'a t+"tel% o'2ac" o,t+2e Po&to%" l" mo(+3no&t'a S+' o'(o'" ,o#eta$ ,o&t+,$a ;1 $o%" &e o'no&" na &l+#a% Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a7a&&e&e o'(o-ara= Ne/ ne ,o&to%" ta mo(+3no&t. S+' %e -e3 o're'"o 'at+m " n"t$o &e nemoe +,l"tat" + n%e(o-+ o'l+$+.

o&,o'"n ol+2 o2a-%e0ta-a 'a el" ,r"&+&t-o-at" ra&,ra-". Anton"o 7a&&e&e m+o2%a0n%a-a 'a &"(+rno moe 'o2"t" m%e&to + (aler"%" *a %a-no&t. A ol+2 'o'a%e= Je l" S+'ra&,oloen -o'"t" ra#+na o 'o2rot-orn"m a$c"%ama %e'no(a -o)e $o%" %e + %e'nom t%e'n+,+&t"o na &lo2o'+ '-"%e 4"l%a'e o&o2a

Pre'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a ,ot-r)+%e 'a 2" &+c"/ 'o"&ta/ mo(l" -o'"t" ra#+na o ola$0a-a%+3"mo$olno&t"ma + ,roc%en" $a*ne/ + &l+#a%+ 'a 2+'e o&+)en. ol+2 &e ra&,"t+%e o "*(le'"ma

'a n%e(o- $l"%ent ,o&t"(ne ,+0tan%e na ,r"-remen+ &lo2o'+ + o#e$"-an%+ ,roce&a.7a&&e&e o'-ra3a= Ne/ o,t+en"$ mora 2"t" *a'ran + *at-or+ *a -r"%eme c"%ele ,r",remne<a*e ,roce&a/ $ol"$o (o' ona tra%ala. Zat"m +$a*+%e 'a %e <orm+la na'*"rano( 2ora-"0ta/$o%a %e 2"la 'o,+0tena 4r-at&$om (eneral+ T"4om"r+ 5la0$"3+/ ,r-om o,t+enome $o%" &e,re'ao/ &a'a "&$l%+#ena. ol+2 ,re'lae 7a&&e&e+ 'a o&tan+ + $onta$t+. Pre'&%e'n"$&+'a ot$lan%a ,r"%e'lo( " *a$l%+#+%e ra*(o-or.

1!



o&,o'"n ol+2 ne&ta%e $ao 0to &e " ,o%a-"o. A Kara'"3/ ,%e&n"$ & ,lan"na/ $o%" %e &"0ao +

(ra' 'a 2" ,o&tao ,&"4"%atar/ a *at"m (o&,o'ar rata/ n"%e -"0e ,o$a*"-ao n" na%man%++r2+ 'a tram," &-o%+ &lo2o'+. St+e2ner " n%e(o-" amer"#$" mentor" ,re2ac+%+ $r"-n%+ na7a&&e&ea $o%" %e ne$ol"$o 'ana ,o&l"%e (orl%"-o *a&t+,ao &t-ar me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e naKon<erenc"%" + F"renc"/ 1!. " 1B. %+na/ ,o&-e3eno% 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" " ,r"m%en" m"ro-no(+(o-ora. P"tan%e ratn"4 *lo#"naca n"%e t+ ,r"or"tet " Anton"o 7a&&e&e/ ,o*-an ,re$o -ol%e/2"o %e &ta-l%en me)+ ,o&l%e'n%e &+'"on"$e. Al" Tal"%an %e + F"renc" $o' $+3e "/ o' &-o%e('ola&$a/ on &a*"-a t"&a$ " ,o*"-a na +4"3en%e Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. S+tra'an/ + &-o%em,o*'ra-nom (o-or+ ,re' ,+2l"$om m"n"&tara/ $r"t"*"ra NATO>o-e &na(e $o%e o'2"%a%+"*-r0"t" nalo( *a +4"3en%e. Me)+naro'n" '+no&n"c" *2+n%en" &+. Je'an '"o 'ele(ac"%e5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne ,l%e&$ao %e na $ra%+ mo%e(a (o-ora. Zat"m %e na&t+,"la t"0"na/(ro2na t"0"na. D-orana %e 2"la + 0o$+. Tal"%an&$" m"n"&tar -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a Lam2erto D"n"/

$o%" %e ,re'&%e'ao " $o%e( &am ,o*na-ao/ ta$o)er %e "*(le'ao ne*a'o-ol%no. Po(le'ao me %e " +*eo r"%e#= Na$on (o-ora ,re'&%e'n"$a 7a&&e&ea moramo ,ono-no ,ro3"%en"t" c"%el+&"t+ac"%+. S%e'n"ca %e ,re$"n+ta " %e'an m" %e -ele,o&lan"$ ,r"0ao 'a m" $ae= Zna0/ N"no/2"o &" + $r"-+ %er &+ Amer"$anc" 2"%e&n". Za0to &" re$ao tol"$o &t-ar" ,rot"- n%"41 &%e3a &e7a&&e&e. M"n"&tr" &+ + &-o%o% *a$l%+#no% 'e$larac"%" ,r"&"l%en" &,omen+t" Kara'"3a " I7T8.No on" &e *a'o-ol%a-a%+ t"me 'a ,o*o-+ Kara'"3a na ,o-la#en%e & ,ol"t"#$e &cene -e3,r"%e "*2ora/ a ne na n%e(o-o +4"3en%e. Na$on ,o-rat$a + Ha( 7a&&e&e 'o*na%e 'a m+(la-n" t+"tel% R"c4ar' ol'&tone " n%e(o- ,omo3n"$ ra4am 5le?"tt ,re'2ac+%+ 'a %eo&+%et"o ,o$+0a% Kara'"3e-e ,re'a%e ,o*"-a%+3" na n%e(o-o +4"3en%e. On n"%e 2"o +4"3en

%er to amer"#$e -la&t" n"&+ 4t%ele *2o( ,ol"t"#$"4 ra*lo(a/ +*-ra3a 'e-et (o'"na ,o&l"%eAnton"o 7a&&e&e $a' (a ra4am 5le?"tt/ $o%" %e na,+&t"o I7T8/ " 5"l" St+e2ner na&ta-l%a%+

o,t+"-at"/ al" o-a% ,+t %a-no/ 'a %e 1;. 'o,+&t"o Kara'"3+ 'a "*ma$ne ,ra-'". Vel"$"2ran"tel% me)+naro'no( ,ra-a " ne*a-"&no&t" ,ra-o&+)a/ tal"%an&$" %e &+'ac na'a&-e,o$a*ao 'a %e 2"lo +*al+'no *am"0l%at" 'a &e & I7T8>em moe ,re(o-arat" o 2"lo $a$-o%ne$an%"-o&t". D-a t%e'na na$on n%e(o-a a,ela na Kon<erenc"%" + F"renc"/ me'"%&$" o'%e$&+'&$e ra&,ra-e o &l+#a%+ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3/ $o%+ %e ,rat"lo &tot"n%a$ no-"nara ,r"&t"(l"4$ra%em %+na " ,o#et$om %+la 1;. + Ha(/ o'-ra3a &-a$" no-" ,o$+0a% 'a &e na-e'e S+''a o'+&tane o' ,ro(ona Kara'"3a *a (enoc"'. Na $ra%+ &a&l+0an%a 2ro%n"4 &-%e'o$a ""*no0en%a 'o$a*a/ S+'&$o -"%e3e I7T8>a/ 11. %+la 1;./ ,ot-r)+%e &-e o,t+2e " ,ono-no"*'a%e me)+naro'n" nalo( *a +4"3en%e '-o%"ce o$r"-l%en"4.

U &l"%e,o% +l"c"/ a&4"n(ton o'l+#+%e + M"lo0e-"3e-+ &l+#a%+ *a"(rat" na $art+ R"c4ar'a

Hol2roo$a. T-orac De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma &t"e + 5eo(ra' 1. %+la 1;. Hol2roo$eo-am"&"%a &a&to%" &e + ,o&t"*an%+ &-r(a-an%a Kara'"3a & -la&t"/ a ne n%e(o-a "*r+#"-an%aHa(+. State De,artment to ,r"*na%e. I*r+#"t" "4 Ha(+ + l"&"#"nama/ 2"lo 2" 'o2ro r%e0en%e.

Je'an %e o' na0"4 c"l%e-a -"'%et" "4 + Ha(+. Al" e-o 0to %a m"&l"m. 5+'"mo ,ra(mat"#n" "

1B:



real"&t"#n"= %a m"&l"m 'a 2"/ *a ,o#eta$/ 2"lo 'o2ro/ ,r"m%er"ce/ 'a Kara'"3 2+'e &m"%en%en

&a &-o%e( ,oloa%a " 'a m+ &e +$"n+ o-la&t" + &tranc". On mora o'+&tat" o' &-o%e +lo(e "l"2"t" na to ,r"&"l%en/ a ta$o l"0en " &-o%e( +t%eca%a. M" m"&l"mo 'a 2" 2"lo "'ealno 'a o2o%"ca2+'+ 'ale$o o' 5o&ne/ ta$o 'a -"0e ne mo(+ -r0"t" +t%eca% *a -r"%eme "*2orne $am,an%e/"*%a-l%+%e + t"&$+ n%e(o- (la&no(o-orn"$/ 1G. %+la 1;.

Pr-" &+&ret "*me)+ Hol2roo$a " M"lo0e-"3a/ 1. %+la + 5eo(ra'+/ *a-r0a-a ne+&,%e4om.Amer"$anac o'la*" " -ra3a &e &+tra'an ,o&l"%e,o'ne + &r,&$+ ,r"%e&toln"c+. M"lo0e-"3 %e&a*-ao '-o%"c+ na%-"0"4 '+no&n"$a

1 Klar"n M"r$o " V"'a$o-"3 M"na/ Unato# &-em+/ 'e&et ,r-"4 (o'"na Tr"2+nala/ Sen&e TV/ Ha(/::!.

O-e o,t+2e o2%a-l%ene &+ B. %+na ::G. + n"*o*em&$om 'ne-nom l"&t+ NR7 Han'el&>2la'.L"&t n"%e &matrao ,o(o'n"m ,r+"t" ,ra-o na o'(o-or Anton"%+ 7a&&e&e+ " o2%a-"t" ,"&mo $o%e %e,o&lao (la-nom +re'n"$+ re'a$c"%e/ ,"&mo + $o%em+ ,re,r"#a-a &-o% &+&ret + Sara%e-+ &Kara'"3e-"m o'-%etn"$om.

1B1



2o&an&$"4 Sr2a na$on Kara'"3a/ Mom#"la Kra%"0n"$a " Ale$&+ 5+4+. Pre(o-or" tra%+ 'e&et

&at". Do(o-or $o%" ,re'lae Hol2roo$e tra" &m%en%"-an%e Kara'"3a & ,oloa%a,re'&%e'n"$a &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n" " nac"onal"&t"#$e ,art"%e na -la&t". Al" on ta$o)ertra" " o'la*a$ Kara'"3a "* 5o&ne. Za0to (a ne ,o0al%ete n%e(o-o% ma%c" " 2rat+$r"%+m#ar+ + n%e(o-o ro'no &elo + 7rno% or" "*%a-l%+%e Hol2roo$e *a -r"%eme ra&,ra-e.Al" n"t$o + '-oran" n"%e + &tan%+ *a4t"%e-at" o' Kara'"3a 'a t"4o o'e/ "a$o Ha( n"%e %e'noo' o're'"0ta.! Kara'"3 ne el" na,+&t"t" n" 5o&n+ n" r+$o-o)en%e &-o%om &tran$om. Ratn"*lo#"nac/ $o%" o&ta%e na Palama/ <a$&om "l" tele<onom ,r"ma ,r"%e'lo(e. On &e mr(o'". Al"n%e(o-a nac"onal"&t"#$a ,art"%a + o,a&no&t" %e 'a 2+'e *a2ran%ena na "*2or"ma "ra&,+0tena. Na,o$on &e ,o&t"e ne$a$a- &,ora*+m. M"lo0e-"3 4el"$o,terom 0al%e 0e<a&-o%"4 ta%n"4 &l+2" Jo-"c+ Stan"0"3a na Pale 'a 'o2"%e Kara'"3e- ,ot,"&. Sna(e NATO>a#e$a%+ (a 'a (a ot,rate 'o $+3e o,t+eno(a $o%" ,ot,"&+%e 'o$+ment. Stan"0"3 &e no3+

-ra3a + 5eo(ra'. S+tra'an +%+tro/ Hol2roo$e &a*"-a $on<erenc"%+ *a no-"n&t-o. Pre'tele-"*"%&$"m $amerama on ma0e "*%a-om ,ot,"&anom Kara'"3e-om r+$om " ,ara<ra*"ra

%e= O' %+tro&/ Ra'o-an Kara'"3 n"%e -"0e ,re'&%e'n"$ Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e/ on %e o'+&tao o'&-o%e( ,oloa%a " o' &-"4 &-o%"4 o-la&t". o&,o'"n Kara'"3 ,r"4-a3a ta$o)er 'a o'ma4 "'en"t"-no o'+&tane o' &-a$o( ,ol"t"#$o( '%elo-an%a. Ne3e &e ,o%a-l%"-at" + %a-no&t"/ nara'"%+ "l" tele-"*"%"/ ne3e n" na $a$a- na#"n &+'%elo-at" na "*2or"ma. On 'o2ro *na 'a %e+,ra-o ,ot,"&ao $ra% &-o%e ,ol"t"#$e $ar"%ere. I ,o#e-0" o' 'ana&/ Kara'"3 %e o'+&tao o',oloa%a ,re'&%e'n"$a SDS>a " o' &-"4 <+n$c"%a/ o-la&t" " o'(o-orno&t" $o%e "* to(a,ro"*la*e.

S,ora*+m %e ,re'-")ao 'a Kara'"3 ,ot,+no ne&tane "* ,ol"t"#$o( "-ota/ a + *am%en+

3e SDS &+'%elo-at" na "*2or"ma. Ka' %e 'o2"o $ona#an te$&t &,ora*+ma/ Hol2roo$e %e"*%a-"o= Do2ro/ SDS "'e na "*2ore/ a *a Kara'"3a I7T8 -"0e ne ,o&to%"/ t-r'" Ale$&a5+4a/ $o%" %e + 5eo(ra'+ 2"o na ,re(o-or"ma.B Hol2roo$e 'emant"ra. M" el"mo -"'%et"Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a/ o,t+ene *a ratne *lo#"ne/ $a$o o'(o-ara%+ *a &-o%a '%ela + Ha(+. To

%e na0 '+(oro#n" c"l%. 5+'+3" 'a &e n"%e mo(lo *a4t"%e-at" o' NATO>&na(a 'a 2"&mo,o&t"(l" &-o% c"l%/ morat 3emo ,o&t+,at" + <a*ama. Za ,o#eta$ Kara'"3 tre2a na,+&t"t"Pale %er 'o$ %e na Palama/ #a$ " a$o %e ne-"'l%"-/ #a$ " a$o o&ta%e "*-an ,ol"t"#$o( " %a-no("-ota/ mo%" $ole(e " %a ne o&%e3amo &e +(o'no/ o2%a0n%a-a on . %+la 1;. naamer"#$o% mre" P5S. Al" Kara'"3e- '+(" 2"%e( &amo 3e ,ot4ran%"-at"/ t"%e$om (o'"na/&+mn%e + o2e3an%a 'ana + Daton+ "l" na$na'e o'o2rene Kara'"3+ + *am%en+ *a'o(o-or 1. %+la 1;. Ota'a 3e %a-no&t (o-or"t" o ta%nom 'o(o-or+ Hol2roo$e >Kara'"3/

*a $o%" &e ,ret,o&ta-l%a 'a %am#" n%e(o-+ ne$an%"-o&t. Kara'"3 " n%e(o-a o2"tel% ne3e,re&tat" ,ot-r)"-at" n%e(o-o ,o&to%an%e/ &,om"n%+3" (a ra'"%e $ao (entleman a(reement/-"0e $ao 'an+ r"%e# ne(ol" na,"&an " ,ot,"&an &,ora*+m.

1B



8ran,us(o$aerič(a suparništva

Hol2roo$o-o ,+to-an%e &-%e'o#" o -ol%" a&4"n(tona 'a na)e alternat"-+ +4"3en%+. N"Par"* n" Lon'on n"&+ "mal" n"$a$-a ,r"(o-ora. Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 o&ta%+ %amc" m"ra/ n%e(o-+,ro-o)en%+ na teren+. Mno(e -la'e m"&le 'a 3e on"/ $a' 2+'+ &-r(n+t" & -la&t"/ "*(+2"t"&-o% ,ol"t"#$" +t%eca% " 2"t" *a2ora-l%en". Za -e3"n+/ to 2" 2"lo na%2ol%e r%e0en%e. Pol"t"#$a4ra2ro&t *a4t"%e-ala %e 'a 2+'+ +4"3en" 2e* o'(a)an%a %er "4 %e ,ra-o&+)e $a*neno,ro(on"lo *a ma&o-ne *lo#"ne " %er %e n%"4o-a &lo2o'a " n%"4o-a ne$an%eno&t +-re'a *art-e $r0en%e *a'ane r"%e#". Real,ol"t"$a %e/ na,rot"-/ 4t%ela 'a ne 2+'+ +*nem"ra-an" 'o$ne ,r"%e#e ,ro-o)en%e De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma. Za,a'ne -la'e &matra%+ 'a ta$o ra'e na2r*om +#-r03"-an%+ m"ra ,a ma$ar " ,o' c"%en+ *a2ora-a ,atn%" %e'ne *eml%e " naro'a

"*loeno( (oto-o #et"r" (o'"ne &tra4otama #"ta-a ar&enala *lo#"na ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t".U,re(n+-0" &e 'a $a*ne (la-ne o'(o-orne *a ta$-e *lo#"ne/ me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)ete" +na,r"%e'"t" tra%an m"r. Ne 2e* 4+mora/ %e'an %e <ranc+&$" ,ra-n"$ + Ha(+ na(la&"o 'a

%e ta#$a &,ot"can%a "*me)+ ,ol"t"$e " me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a + +&$la)"-an%+ -remena.Ma("&trat" m"&le 'a ne moe 2"t" nac"onalno( ,om"ren%a 2e* ,ra-'e. A ,ro<e&orme)+naro'no( ,ra-a Mar"o 5ettat" o2%a0n%a-a= Pra-'a

! Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ "2"'. Str. !B>!B!.

B Zar"3 M"ro&la-/ Hol2roo$e (o-or" "&t"n+/ Ve#ern%e no-o&t"/ 5eo(ra'/ . marta ::B.

1B!



%e o2a-e*an ,+t *a +t-r)"-an%e/ + o#"ma &-"4/ "&t"ne o %e'nom 2olnom ra*'o2l%+ ,o-"%e&t"

%e'ne *eml%e " o 4+0$a#"ma t"4 tra(e'"%a. U tome &+ m"r " ,ra-'a nera*'-o%"-". No ta$-er"%e#" "*a*"-a%+ ,re*"r ,ra(mat"#ara/ #a$ " $a' "*2%e(a-a%+ to %a-no ,o$a*at" ra'"%e &e(r+2o r+(a%+3" + $r+(o-"ma $o%" &+ -e3 + to +-%eren"/ +* r"*"$ 'a &a2la*ne ne$e *a2l+'%ele&l+0atel%e/ o' $o%"4 3e "m &e ne$" na $ra%+/ +&re' %e'no'+0no( o'o2ra-an%a/ " &am",r"'r+"t". Jer + &-"m -el"$"m o'l+$ama 'ra-a/ a ,o(oto-o $a' %e r"%e# o m"r+/ moral nemora n" + $o%em &l+#a%+ 2"t" ,re,re$a real"*m+ $o%" 2" ,rema n%"ma o-"&"o o ne$om -"0emmoral+ " 2'"o/ l%+2omorno " m%ero'a-no/ na' ,ra-"m -"taln"m "ntere&"ma $o%e ,ra-'a*anemar+%e.

Kara'"3 %e ,r"&"l%en +&t+,"t" m%e&to 5"l%an" Pla-0"3/ "*a2rano% *a ,re'&%e'n"c+ &r,&$o(ent"teta + 5o&n" na$on "*2ora 1B. &e,tem2ra 1;. Za'+ena *a +#-r03"-an%e m"ro-no(

,roce&a + &r,&$om ent"tet+ +n+tar 5"H/ ona ta$o)er ,r",a'a $r+(+ $ra%n%"4 nac"onal"&ta.Z2o( to(a 0to %e ,r"'on"%ela 'a *eml%a o(re*ne + $r-"/ I7T8 %e + a,r"l+ :::. o,t+"o 2"-0+Kara'"3e-+ *am%en"c+ *a (enoc"' " o&+'"o/ na$on n%e*"na ,r"*nan%a $r"-n%e/ na %e'anae&t(o'"na *at-ora *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t".G Mla'"3 %e . no-em2ra 1;. &m"%en%en &a&-o%e( ,oloa%a -o%no( *a,o-%e'n"$a &na(a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a $o%" %e 'o ta'a *a'rao. Al"n%"4o-" na%2l"" &+ra'n"c" o&ta%+ na ,oloa%+. Kara'"3 &tan+%e + &-o%em 'om+ na Palama/+ <ranc+&$om &e$tor+. A Mla'"3 + &-o%em (la-nom 0ta2+ $o' Han P"%e&$a/ + amer"#$om&e$tor+. Me)+t"m/ nalo*" *a +4"3en%e '-o%"ce o,t+en"4/ $a*neno ,ro(on%en"4 *a (enoc"'/+r+#en" &+ &na(ama NA>TO>a %o0 + %an+ar+ 1;.

R"c4ar' ol'&tone o'+&ta%e. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r (a na&l%e)+%e o' 1. o$to2ra 1;;. " o'l+#+%e,ro'rmat" *a,a'ne ,r"%e&toln"ce. L"0en &+'&$e ,ol"c"%e I7T8 &e mora o&lon"t" na

me)+naro'ne &na(e + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" "l" na lo$alne -la&t". Al" one n"&+ -ol%ne +4"t"t"-la&t"te ratne *lo#"nce $o%e 0t"te " #a&te $ao %+na$e. Por+$a ,rene&ena Lo+"&" Ar2o+r +la-nom &toer+ NATO>a/ 1. o$to2ra 1;;. %a&na %e= Kao ,r-o/ NATO %e $ao &-o%+,ol"t"$+ o're'"o 'a ne3e +4"3"-at" ratne *lo#"nce. Kana)an$a to o&+)+%e $aone,r"4-atl%"-o. U ne*(o'nom ,oloa%+/ NATO #"n" %e'n+ (e&t+. Za,o-%e'n"0t-o IFOR>ao2a-%e0ta-a &-o%e tr+,e 1;. 'ecem2ra 1;. 'a 3e o' &a'a morat" 'o-e&t" + *at-or &-eo&o2e ,o' o,t+2om & $o%"ma 'o)+ + 'o'"r + o$-"r+ &-o%"4 *a'ata$a $a$o 2" o&"(+ral"n%"4o-o ,ro-o)en%e + &%e'"0te I7T8>a. Al" + %an+ar+ 1. *a -r"%eme no-o( &+&reta +la-nom &toer+ NATO>a/ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r o,t++%e tr+,e 'a "*2%e(a-a%+ na3" &e o#" + o#"&a *lo#"nc"ma $a$o "4 ne 2" moral" +4"t"t".

I ona "*a*"-a ne$ol"$o '",lomat&$"4 "nc"'enata. Naro#"to & Franc+&$om %er "*%a-l%+%eno-"nar"ma= Ratn" &e *lo#"nc" o&%e3a%+ &a-r0eno &"(+rno + <ranc+&$om &e$tor+. Par"*+$a*+%e na &$retan%e ,ra-o&+'no( &,e$ta$la. Tom &e <orm+lom ra*2ac+%+ &-a$" ,+t$a' ne$" t+"tel% "l" "&tran" &+'ac ,o*"-a me'"%e $ao &-%e'o$e ,ol"t"#$"4 ,o$+0a%a 'a &e

1BB



&,r"%e#" '%elo-an%e &+'&t-a. To %e ,r-" re\e$& %e'ne ,ol"t"#$e $la&e $o%a ,o&t+,no ot$r"-a

o(ran"#en%a $o%e +*ro$+%e me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e/ naro#"to $a'a "*a)e "* &+'n"ca 'a 2"&e to "&to ,ra-o&+)e $ao ra-no,ra-an &+'"on"$ ,o*-alo na me)+naro'n+ &cen+.Me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e $o%e &e ,o$a*+%e ,re'&ta-l%a &metn%+. Par"*/ $o%" %e ,r"%e tr"(o'"ne "(rao $l%+#n+ +lo(+ + &t-aran%+ I7T8>a/ (le'a 1;. (. & o're)en"m ,re*"rom o-oo&t-aren%e $o%e &e -e3 emanc","ralo " 4t%elo 2" ,re'&ta-l%at" *a,re$+ ,ol"t"#$om real"*m+.M"n"&tar&t-o -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a/ M"n"&tar&t-o o2rane/ n%"4o-" ,ra-n" &a-%etn"c"/ &-" &lono"*%a-l%+%+= To nam n"%e 2"lo ,otre2no. Za,ra-o/ on" &e &+,rot&ta-l%a%+ #"n%en"c" 'a 2"-"&o$" '+no&n"c"/ 0e<o-" 'ra-a al" " -o%n" *a,o-%e'n"c"/ m"n"&tr"/ ,a " c"%ele -la'e/ %e'no(a'ana moral" ,olo"t" ra#+n ,ra-o&+)+/ " to

G O2ra*la+3" %e'anae&to(o'"0n%+ $a*n+/ "*re#en+ + <e2r+ar+ ::!./ &+c" &+ na(la&"l" 'a &+ me)+

ola$0a-a%+3"m o$olno&t"ma -o'"l" ra#+na o (r"n%" &a-%e&t" $o%+ %e "*ra*"la 5"l%ana Pla-0"3. O,t+ena %e ",a$ o'2"la to &ama "*ra*"t"/ *a -r"%eme &a&l+0an%a/ ,re,+&t"-0" &-o%em o'-%etn"$+/ Kana)an"n+E+(en+ OS+ll"-an+/ 2r"(+ 'a to re'"("ra " "*(o-or"/ + n%e*"no "me/ *a -r"%eme %e'ne $on<erenc"%e *ano-"n&t-o + Ha(+. o'"n+ 'ana ,o&l"%e/ 5"l%ana Pla-0"3 *an"%e$ala %e &-o%a ,r"*nan%a " o'2"%ala&-%e'o#"t" + ,roce&+ ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a o *lo#"na#$o% ,ol"t"c" etn"#$o( #"03en%a $o%e &+ Sr2" ,ro-o'"l"+ 5o&n". Za -r"%eme %e'no( &+&reta + %an+r+ ::B. ona %e "*%a-"la 7arl" 'el Ponte= Na$on mo%eo&+'e na %e'anae&t (o'"na *at-ora/ mo(+ re3" 'a &am ne-"na. T+"tel%&t-o I7T8>a ,ren"%elo %e&+c"ma no-+ "*%a-+ 5"l%ane Pla-0"3 + $o%o% ,or"#e &-o%a ,ret4o'na ,r"*nan%a " tra"lo 'a &e ,ono-noot-or" n%e*"n ,re'met. S+c" &+ *anemar"l" *a4t%e- t+"tel%&t-a. Pre2a#ena + %e'an en&$" *at-or +-e'&$o%/ 5"l%ana Pla-0"3/ $o%a &a'a "ma &e'am'e&et 0e&t (o'"na/ al"la &e -"0e ,+ta 'a %e 're &$r"m"nal$ama/ ,ro&t"t+t$ama " o-"&n"cama. I*no&e3" ar(+ment &-o%e 'o2" ,o'n"%ela %e -e3" 2ro%*a4t%e-a *a &man%en%em $a*ne $o%e &+ 0-e'&$e -la&t" 'o &a'a o'2ac"-ale.

1BG



me)+naro'nom/ "a$o &+ ta'a '%elo-al" + &l+2" &-o%"4 'ra-a. Par"* n"%e "*n"m$a.

An(lo&a$&on&$" ,ol"t"#$" '+no&n"c" ale &e na +,l"tan%e Ha(a " ,r"*na%+ 'a S+' *natno$om,l"c"ra &"t+ac"%+.

Prote&t" Lo+"&e Ar2o+r &meta%+. O'2"%an%e 'a ,r"'one&+ lo-+ na ratne *lo#"nce 0tet"-%ero'o&to%no&t" me)+naro'n"4 &na(a. Amer"$anc"/ 5r"tanc"/ Franc+*"/ N"*o*emc" " N"%emc",o$+0a-a%+ na3" ne$o r%e0en%e. St-orena %e %e'na ra'na &$+,"na $o%a + ,r-om,ol+(o'"0t+ 1. ra*m"0l%a //o ,ra-n"m a&,e$t"ma &l+2e/ o ra*m%er"ma &na(e/ o 2ro%+o,erac"%a $o%e 2" ona *a4t"%e-ala/ o ,otenc"%aln"m metama/ o $ol"#"n" ,otre2n"4 o2a-"%e&t"/o tra%an%+ m"&"%e " o +lo*" $o%+ 3e t+"tel% 2"t" ,o*-an "(rat" + o$-"r+ o-o( ,roce&a. Ro)ena

%e $oal"c"%a Am2er Star.9: Po&t+,no/ ne$e -la'e &4-a3a%+ "ntere& $o%" 2" mo(le "mat" o'&+'%elo-an%a + +4"3en%"ma. Po&e2no onemo(+3+%+3" mal"m lo$aln"m (o&,o'ar"ma rata/

$o%" &e #e&to ,rot"-e ,r"m%en%"-an%+ m"ro-n"4 &,ora*+ma/ 'a 0tete. Ona% $o%e(a &e Lo+"&eAr2o+r &,rema o$r"-"t" *a (enoc"' nala*" &e na m%e&t+ *a,o-%e'n"$a ,ol"c"%e + Pr"%e'or+. To %e S"mo Drl%a#a/ #o-%e$ $o%" +*ro$+%e o*2"l%ne ,ro2leme 2r"tan&$"m tr+,ama/ ,o&lan"ma+ &%e-ero*a,a'n" &e$tor 5o&ne. Sre'"nom marta Lo+"&e Ar2o+r 'a%e "m nalo( *a +4"3en%e$o%" n"%e %a-no o2%a-"la/ &+,rotno +o2"#a%eno% ,roce'+r"/ $a$o 2" o&ta-"la NATO>+ -remena'a &e or(an"*"ra. Rea$c"%a %e e&to$a. V"0e -la'a tra" o' (la-ne t+"tel%"ce 'a ,o-+#e,ote*. Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t/ +,ra-o "meno-ana na #elo amer"#$o( State De,artmenta/,o$+0a-a %e +ra*+m"t" . ma%a. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ne el" n" #+t" " ,r"%et" 'a 3e "*n"%et" &t-arna -"'%elo.

De-eto( %+la 1. na &a&tan$+ na -r4+ + Ma'r"'+/ *eml%e NATO>a o-la&t"le &+ tr+,era&,ore)ene + 5o&n" 'a ,r"&t+,e +4"3en%+. O'ma4 %e ,ot,"&an ,roto$ol "*me)+ la-no(

&toera NATO>a + E+ro," 6SHAPE9 " Ure'a t+"tel%a I7T8>a. De&eto( %+la 1. 2r"tan&$etr+,e ,ro-o'e ,r-+ o,erac"%+ +4"3en%a ,o nalo(+ I7T8>a. U to% o,erac"%" S"mo Drl%a#a,o("2a. U4"3en %e M"lan Ko-a#e-"3/ *a%e'no & n%"m o,t+en " $a*neno ,ro(on%en *a(enoc"'. St-orena %e o're)ena '"nam"$a. U 'e-et (o'"na m"&"%e NATO>a na 5al$an+ 2"t3e +4-a3eno " ,o&lano + Ha( tr"'e&eta$ o,t+en"4. Al" to &e n"%e o'no&"lo na Ra'o-anaKara'"3a " Rat$a Mla'"3a.

Rat$o Mla'"3 %e + me)+-remen+ na,+&t"o 5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+. Se'amnae&to( marta1./ +,ra-o ono( 'ana $a' %e no-" I7T8>e- nalo( ,re'an NATO>+/ on %e ne&tao "*&-o%e( (la-no( 0ta2a + 7rno% R"%ec"/ $o' Han P"%e&$a/ + amer"#$om &e$tor+/ " &t"(ao +5eo(ra'. Na%-%ern"%" #lano-" Mla'"3e-e -o%ne ,ratn%e *a'+en" *a n%e(o-+ o&o2n+

&"(+rno&t &l"%e'"l" &+ (a + Sr2"%+. On 3e &e &amo ,o-remeno -ra3at" + 5o&n+/ na ne$ol"$o$rat$"4 2ora-a$a/ 'a ,o&%et" &-o%+ o2"tel% + ro'nom $ra%+ + Kal"no-"$+ "l" na ,o(re2 2rataM"l"-o%a/ B.%+na ::1./ 0to ne3e "*a*-at" n"$a$-o '%elo-an%e NATO>o-"4 &na(a. U to$+ &+" "nten*"-n" ,re(o-or" $a$o 2" &e ,o&t"(ao o'la*a$ Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a.

1B;



D-a'e&eto( marta 1. Ra'o-an Kara'"3 o2a-"%e0ten %e o tren+ta#n"m ra&,ra-ama

$o%e &e -o'e + $r+(+ $oal"c"%e Am2er Star. Je'an <ranc+&$" #a&n"$ ot$r"o m+ %e,o%e'"no&t". O' &-o%e( 'ola&$a + 5o&n+ 1G. *a,o-%e'n"$ Her-e o+rmelon o'ra-ao %e-e*e & t"m ratn"m *lo#"ncem. Na$on 'ola&$a NAT:>&na(a <ranc+&$a -o%na o2a-%e0ta%na&l+2a o'l+#"la %e "&$or"&t"t" t+ -e*+. O' ta'a &e o+rmelon ,o *a'at$+ re'o-"to -")a &Kara'"3em na Palama/ & c"l%em 'a (a +-%er" 'a &e ,re'a S+'+. Zna%+3" -e3 ne$o -r"%eme*a to/ Amer"$anc" na'*"r+ <ranc+&$o( #a&n"$a. Ulo-"l" &+ (a + *am$+ "&to( 'ana $a'/,rema n%e(o-"m "&$a*"ma/ ,o$+0a-a o'-e&t" Kara'"3a 'a &e ,re'a <ranc+&$"m-o%n"c"ma. Amer"$anc" ele ,re+*et" o' Franc+*a "n"c"%at"-+ ,re(o-aran%a & Kara'"3em.I*2or" + 'ecem2r+ 1;. o&"(+ral" &+ 7l"nton+ 'r+(" man'at. a&4"n(ton &e ,ono-no,o#eo ,ot,+no an(a"rat" + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". A$o Kara'"3 o'l+#" %e'no( 'anaot,+to-at" + Ha(/ on" ele "mat" (la-n+ r"%e# + ,re(o-or"ma. No o+rmelono-a ,r"&+tno&t

&meta Amer"$anc"ma %er Kara'"3 ,re-"0e (o-or". 5%e(+nac %e/ na"me/ ,o-%er"o<ranc+&$om oc"r+ 'a %e 'o2"o o' amer"#$"4 -la&t" o2e3an%e 'a ne3e 2"t" ,o&lan + Ha(a$o ne 2+'e $r0"o De%ton&$" &,ora*+m. Kara'"3 %e #a$ ,r",rem"o lm&$" "nter-%+/&n"ml%en + %an+ar+ 1. na Palama/ $o%" %e n%e(o-a ro'2"na &tro(o #+-ala/ +

; Am2er Star 2"t 3e ,re"meno-an/ + no-em2r+ 1/ + Fer-ent Arc4er/ " *at"m ,ro0"ren na %o0

'-"%e *eml%e Ital"%+ " ,an%ol&$+/ a 2ro% n%e*"n"4 #lano-a na &e'am. U 'ecem2r+ ::B. &na(e

NATO>a *am"%en%ene &+ e+ro,&$"m &na(ama. Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ "2"'/ &tr. !!.

1B



$o%em "*%a-l%+%e= Pr"%e&toln"ca N"*o*em&$e ne3e "mat" ,o-la&t"c+ 'a me +(o&t". R"c4ar'

Hol2roo$e ,re'lo"o m" %e $om,rom"& 'a &e ,o-+#em + anon"mno&t + *am%en+ *aamer"#$+ *a0t"t+ o' Ha0$o( &+'a. Ja &am ,o0to-ao &-o% '"o/ a 'o &a'a " Amer"$anc"&-o%. o+rmelon+ %e 'o,+0teno 'a o&tane + Sara%e-+/ al" ,o' +-%etom 'a &e ,re&tane-")at" & Kara'"3em " 'a '"%el" &-o%e "n<ormac"%e &a &a-e*n"c"ma. : Sa'a %e amer"#$"m"*a&lan"c"ma ,+t &lo2o'an.

D-a'e&et &e'mo( ma%a 1. ,etnae&t l"'era Atlant&$o( &a-e*a ,ot,"&+%e + Par"*+&,ora*+m "*me)+ NATO>a " R+&"%e/ + ,r"&+tno&t" 5or"&a Jel%c"na. U -rto-"ma El"*e%&$e,ala#e Jac+e& 74"rac/ 5"l" 7l"nton/ Helm+t Ko4l " no-" 2r"tan&$" ,rem"%er Ton- 5la"r/&+&re3+ &e *a&e2no. 74"rac $o%" %e ,o&tao ,re'&%e'n"$ + ,rol%e3e 1G./ +o#" (enoc"'a +Sre2ren"c"/ ne*a'o-ol%an %e 0to &+ m+ '-a <ranc+&$a ,"lota/ taoc" Sr2a 'o 'ecem2ra

1G./ -ra3ena + lo0em &tan%+ " &,reman %e na 2or2+. Mla'"3 &e &$lon"o + 5eo(ra'/ al"Kara'"3 %e %o0 +-"%e$ na Palama. On %e o&"m to(a +,ra-o + a,r"l+ 'ao "nter-%+ (r#$o%tele-"*"%". S-" *na%+ ('%e &e nala*". Do0ao %e tren+ta$ n%e(o-a +4"3en%a. 7l"nton 2o'r"Franc+*e 'a on" ,ro-e'+ o,erac"%+. 74"rac o'2"%a 'a n%e(o-" -o%n"c" '%el+%+ &am". On tra"amer"#$o &+'%elo-an%e " &,reman %e 'o*-ol"t" 'a mar"nc" '%el+%+ + <ranc+&$om &e$tor+$a$o 2" &e +4"t"o Kara'"3. 7l"nton o$l"%e-a *2o( o,a&no&t" *a l%+'&$e "-ote " na(la0a-a'a o,erac"%a ne moe 2"t" ,ro-e'ena/ a 'a &e ne o2a-"%e&te R+&". 74"rac &e ,rot"-">Mo&$-a &e 'ota' #-r&to &+,rot&ta-l%ala Kara'"3e-+ +4"3en%+ " ,o+r"t 3e &e +,o*or"t"2%e(+nca. 7l"nton "n*"&t"ra/ a Ton 5la"r (a ,o'ra-a. 74"rac na,o$on ,o,+0ta. Pr" %e'nom&+&ret+/ . <e2r+ara :::. + El"*e%&$o% ,ala#"/ Jac+e& 74"rac ,o-%era-a t+"tel%"c" 7arl"'al Ponte= Kara'"3 n"%e 2"o +4"3en *2o( ,rot"-l%en%a R+&a. 6...9 5or"& Jel%c"n m" %e re$ao=

Kara'"3 *na ,re-"0e &t-ar" o M"lo0e-"3+. 6...9 I +,o*or"o me 'a 3e ,o&lat" a-"on 'a (a"*-+#e "* 5o&ne a$o 2+'e ,otre2no/ al" 'a n"$a'a ne3e 'o,+&t"t" 'a Kara'"3 2+'e+4"3en.

eca amer"#$e '",lomac"%e/ Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t/ $o%a ,rat" 7l"ntona + Pa>r"*+/ *a,o#"n%e&l%e'e3"4 'ana ,o&%et 5al$an+. Tr"'e&et ,r-o( ma%a 1. ona + 5an%a L+c" &+&re3e,re'&%e'n"c+ &r,&$o( ent"teta 5"l%an+ Pla-0"3. Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t tra" o' n%e 'a +-%er"Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a 'a *am"%en" 5o&n+ *a ne$o 'ale$o "*2%e(l"0t-o $ao alternat"-+&+)en%+ ,re' I7T8>em. Ne$" t-r'e 'a %e 'ra-na ta%n"ca ,re'lo"la In'"%+/ Sr2"%+ " 7rn+or+/ J+n+ A<r"$+/ %e'n+ o' 'ra-a 2"-0e( So-%et&$o( Sa-e*a "l" #a$ r#$+. 1 5"l%anaPla-0"3 o'la*" &+tra'an na Pale. Kara'"3 2%e&n". On ne el" na,+&t"t" 5o&n+ " o&ta-"t"Pla-0"3$+ 'a &e "*r"#"to ,o$ora-a nare'2ama Amer"$anaca. O,t++%e %e 'a "*ne-%era-a&r,&$+ &t-ar " "&$l%+#+%e %e "* &tran$e. Po#et$om a+(+&ta 1. Kara'"3 "*a*"-aAmer"$ance. Do$ %e Hol2roo$e + ,o&%et+ 5al$an+/ on na Palama 'a%e "nter-%+m"n4en&$"m no-"nama S""''e+t&c4e Ze"t+n(/ ,o' na&lo-om Ja n"&am #+'o-"0te/ + $o%em$ae 'a %e &,reman ,o'-r(n+t" &e &+)en%+ ,o' +-%etom 'a &e n%e(o-o &+)en%e o'ra-a

1B



,re' &+'o-"ma 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a. Ra*(o-or %e o2%a-l%en . a+(+&ta/ na 'an $a' %e

Hol2roo$e &t"(ao + 5eo(ra'. No-" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ *a'+en *a e+ro,&$e ,o&lo-e 2"%e&an %e.Kara'"3 %e ,re,re$a m"r+. On " n%e(o- $lan ,o$+0a-a%+ 'o-e&t" + man%"n+ one $o%"/ +2o&an&$o>&r,&$om ta2or+/ ,o'ra-a%+ re<orme/ *2o( #e(a &e ,re'-")a &la2 +&,%e4 nano-"m ,arlamentarn"m "*2or"ma ra&,"&an"ma *a &re'"n+ o$to2ra. Prema m"0l%en%+a&4"n(tona/ Kara'"3a tre2a 'en"t"-no ne+tral"*"rat".

De-eto( a+(+&ta 1. M"lo0e-"3 %e ,ono-no ,r"m"o Hol2roo$a + 5"%elom '-or+. Pr"'r+"o"m &e Kra%"0n"$. 5e* ote*an%a Hol2roo$e ,o'no&" $o,"%+ Kara'"3e-o( "nter-%+a '-o%"c"na%-"0"4 &r,&$"4 '+no&n"$a/ $o%" m+ ,r"*na%+ o#"to $r0en%e o're'a2a 'o(o-ora o' 1. %+la1;. Ta$-" ,o&t+,c" ,o-e3a-a%+ "*(le'e *a -o%nom a$c"%om $a$o 2" &e Kara'"3a "*-elo,re' S+'/ +,o*ora-a "4 Amer"$anac. Al" M"lo0e-"3 ,r"%et"= A$o -" 2+'ete '%elo-al"/ to 3e

2"t" -el"$a ne&re3a *a &-e. Va0 3e &e naro' $a%at". Hol2roo$e tra" %am&t-o 'a 3e &eKara'"3 "*r"#"to ,r"'ra-at" ,ro0lo(o'"0n%"4 'o(o-ora. Kara'"3 2" mo(ao 2"t" +4"3ena$o &e ne 2+'e 'rao 'ale$o o' 2o&an&$o>&r,&$e ,ol"t"$e/ "*%a-l%+%e Hol2roo$e nao'la&$+ &a &a&tan$a. 5"%ela $+3a ,o'"e ton ne$ol"$o

Na+'et Jean>5a,t"&te/ Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ le& &ecret& '+ne traa+e 6Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ ta%ne %e'ne 4a%$e9/ Le No+-el O2&er-ate+r/ 2r. 1G1/ . marta ::.

: Ma&&e Jac+e&/ No& c4er& cr"m"nel& 'e (+erre 6Na0" 'ra(" ratn" *lo#"nc"9/ Flammar"on/ ::;./&tr. 1!;.

1 Prema %a-n"m "*%a-ama 5"l%ane Pla-0"3 & ,o#et$a a+(+&ta 1. Ta$o)er " ,rema ra*(o-or+ &M"lora'om 5%el"com + t%e'n"$+ Slo2o'na 5o&na/ Sara%e-o/ . %+la ::B/ &tr. !>B.

1B



'ana,o&l"%e. Prema n%e*"n+ (la&no(o-orn"$+ Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ o'(o-oran *a %e>'an o'

na%(or"4 (enoc"'a na$on 4olo$a+&ta/ ne &m"%e -"0e "(rat" n"$a$-+ ,o>l"t"#$+ +lo(+ +5o&n". Cetrnae&to( a+(+&ta 1. + ,o&%et+ Palama amer"#$" (eneral e&le 7lar$/*a,o-%e'n"$ &a-e*n"#$"4 &na(a + E+ro," 6SA7EUR!9/ %a-no &a-%et+%e o,t+enome 'a &e,re'a. I 'o'a%e= Kara'"3e-" 'an" na &lo>2o'" &+ o'2ro%an".

le'ana "*-ana/ o-a #+'na $om+n"$ac"%a "*me)+ Kara'"3a " Amer"$anaca ,re$o me'"%a/o&ta-l%a 'o%am 'a &e me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca tr(n+la. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r el" -%ero-at" +mo(+3no&t +4"3en%a 2%e(+nca. eneral 7lar$/ & $o%"m &e &a&ta%e . a+(+&ta/ ra*2"%a &-en%e*"ne na'e= A$o Kara'"3 2+'e "*r+#en Ha(+/ on 3e tamo o'at" 'a %e + Daton+&$lo,l%en &,ora*+m & arrenom 7r"&to,4erom 6amer"#$"m 'ra-n"m ta%n"$om o,. a.9 'a(a ne3e ,re,+&t"t" Ha(+. Za,re,a0tena/ Ar2o+r ,"ta %e l" to "&t"na. Amer"#$" (eneral

n"%e#e ne o2%a0n%a-a%+3" 0to 2" mo(lo na-e&t" Kara'"3a na ta$-e t-r'n%e.

B

To$om c"%elo( &+&reta no-" SA7EUR ,o$a*+%e &-o%+ ne&$lono&t 'a &na(e NATO>a + 5o&n""(ra%+ +lo(+ ,oma(a#a ,ra-o&+)a. T-r'" 'a na&ta-a$ +4"3en%a "*a*"-a o,a&no&t 'a,o$rene tre3" &-%et&$" rat/ 'a "*a*o-e 0"ro$+ $am,an%+/ terora/ nere'a/ ,r"%etn%" #"%a 2"meta 2"l" " c"-"l" " me)+naro'n" ,re'&ta-n"c". I +,o*ora-a= M" ne moemo &e2" 'o,+&t"t"'a +n"0t"mo Daton. Ar2o+r (a ,o'&%e3a 'a %e tre3" &-%et&$" rat -e3 2"o na%a-l%en ,r"%e,r-o( +4"3en%a/ + %+l+. Ona na(la0a-a 'a ta +4"3en%a n"&+ -ana &amo *a S+'/ ne(o " *am"r o,3en"to. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r 'ale$o %e o' ,om"&l" 'a &e -el"$e &"le &,rema%+ "*-+3"Kara'"3a "* 5o&ne $a$o 2" (a &$lon"le o' me)+naro'no( &+'a.

U &e,tem2r+ 1. m%e&ec 'ana ,r"%e ,arlamentarn"4 "*2ora + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ -o%n"

ata0e ,r" r+&$o% am2a&a'" + 5eo(ra'+/ a(ent RU/G

tra" &+&ret & Ra'o-anomKara'"3em + %e'nom mana&t"r+ $a$o 2" m+ ,on+'"o a*"l + R+&"%". On na(o-ara %e'n+ o'&-o%"4 -e*a/ Petra Sala,+r+/ ,+$o-n"$a -o%&$e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ $o%" %e 2"o ,o2o#n"$ Rat$aMla'"3a + -r"%eme Sre2ren"ce/ 'a ,rene&e t+ ,or+$+ Kara'"3e-o% o2"tel%". I Amer"$anc"na&ta-l%a%+ ,re(o-ore. Na$on 0to &+ o'&tran"l" o+rmelona/ tra"l" &+ o' 7o''-%aS4areara/ 0o(ora ,omo3n"$a 'ra-no( ta%n"$a Stro2a Tal2otta/ 'a &a'a on ,re+*me+lo(+ mamca *a Kara'"3a. O' l%eta/ on (a ,o$+0a-a na(o-or"t" 'a ,rom"%en" &-o%+o'l+$+ " ,r"4-at" ,on+'+ $o%+ m+ %e + ma%+ ,ren"%ela Ma'ele"ne Al2r"(4t >'a na,+&t"5o&n+. Do ,o&l%e'n%e( %e &+&reta 'o0lo 1B. o$to2ra 1./ na 'an "*2ora + 5o&n".Kara'"3 let" *at"m ,re$o Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/ ne + R+&"%+/ ne(o + 5%elor+&"%+/ -o%n"ma-"onom $o%" %e +na%m"o 5or"& Jel%c"n.

Kara'"3+ &e n"malo ne &-")a o-o "*(nan&t-o + L+$a0en$o-+ *eml%+. Po#et$om 1.,a$"ra $o-#e(e " -ra3a &e + 5o&n+. Franc+&$o% n"%e ne,o*nat n" 2"%e( + 5%elor+&"%+ n",o-rata$ 2%e(+nca + *eml%+. Dr+(o( a,r"la 1. <ranc+&$" " tal"%an&$" $ont"n(ent" NATO>a/ na &l+2" + &e$tor+ Pale/ o$o #et"r"&to l%+'" +* 2l"n'"rana -o*"la " 4el"$o,tere/ *a+*"ma%+

1G:



t-orn"c+ Famo& + $o%o% %e Kara'"3 "mao &-o% +re'. Re*+ltat +,a'a %e *a,l%ena or+%a.

Kara'"3 &4-a3a 'a &e -"0e ne3e mo3"/ $ao ,r"%e &-o%e( e(*"la/ ,ono-no na&tan"t" +&-o%em &%e'"0t+ na Palama " $retat" &e ,re' o#"ma &-"%+ o' +re'a 'o &-o%e -"le. Franc+*"&e 2o%e $r"t"$e me'"%a a$o ot$r"%+ 'a %e Kara'"3+ %o0 +-"%e$ 'o,+0teno &lo2o'no 0etat"*eml%om nato,l%enom $r-l%+ n%e(o-"4 rta-a. O' ta'a 2%e(+nac ,o&ta%e o,re*an. V"0e &e(oto-o " ne &l+" tele<onom. Sto %e -"0e mo(+3e "*2%e(a-a Pale/ ('%e 'ola*" &amo + $rat$e,o&%ete o2"tel%". Po-la#" &e + te0$o 'o&t+,na ,o'r+#%a &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n"/ 2l"*+(ran"ce &a 7rnom orom " Sr2"%om/ ('%e n"%e + o,a&no&t" 'a &e &+&retne & no-"nar"ma.

Sa-%eto-al" &+ m+ 'a &e &a$r"%e/ o2%a0n%a-a mno(o (o'"na ,o&l"%e %e'an o' n%e(o-"42l"&$"4 ,r"%atel%a. Pr-"4 (o'"na on %e #-r&to -%ero-ao + &$lo,l%en" 'o(o-or. "-"o %e +'o2no+ &-o%em 'om+ na Palama. O'la*"o %e re'o-"to + Pre'&%e'n"0t-o 6+ 5an%a L+$+/ na 'r+("

$ra% *eml%e o,. a.9. Ce&to %e &+&retao NATO>o-e -o%n"$e Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ "2"'. &tr. !GG.

! S$ra3eno o' S+,reme All"e' 7omman'er E+ro,e -r4o-n" *a,o-%e'n"$ NATO>&na(a + E+ro,"/6o,. +r.9

B U Daton+/ . no-em2ra 1G. arren 74r"&to,4er " Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 ra*(o-aral" &+ o+'al%a-an%+ Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a.

G Ra'" &e o la-no% o2a-%e0ta%na +,ra-a R+&$e Fe'erac"%e >la-no%e Ra*-e'o-atelno%eU,ra-len"e >6RU9. 6o,. +r.9

1G1



$o%" (a n"$a'a n"&+ ,o$+0al" +4"t"t". Ca$ " $a' %e ,+to-ao "*-an Pala/ n"&+ n"$a'a ,o$+0al"

*a+&ta-"t" n%e(o- a+to. 6...9 U-%eren &am 'a on " 'al%e "-" normalno + %e'no% o' *emal%a &$o%"ma %e &$lo,"o +(o-or. Al" na%tee m+ %e 2"t" o'-o%en o' o2"tel%"/ ,r"#a 5o"'arV+#+re-"3/ %e'an o' Ka>ra'"3e-"4 &+ra'n"$a.; De&eto( a,r"la/ #lana$ + l"&t+ Le Mon'e/$o%" &+ nam%e&t"le <ranc+&$e ta%ne &l+2e/ ot$r"-a 'a %e Kara'"3 na-o'no na0ao+to#"0te + %e'no% o' "&to#n"4 *emal%a $o%a 2" mo(la 2"t" 5%elor+&"%a. In<ormac"%a %e*a&tar%ela/ al" omo(+3a-a Franc+*"ma 'a &e o,ra-'a%+.

Clana$ + Le Mon'e+ 'o-o'" + ne*(o'an ,oloa% Amer"$ance. Franc+*" n"&+ n"malo*a'o-ol%n" Kara'"3e-"m ,o-rat$om + n%"4o- &e$tor/ a Amer"$anc" &+ &e +&,%el" r"%e0"t"Mla'"3a $o%" %e %o0 +-"%e$ + "*2%e(l"0t-+ + Sr2"%". Amer"$anc" &e 2o%e 'a 3e Par"* ot$r"t"*a$+l"&ne 'o(o-ore. Par"* ra'o o,t++%e a&4"n(ton 'a &e o,"re Kara'"3e-+ +4"3en%+. I

Franc+*" to ,o-%era-a%+ Lo+"&e Ar2o+r ,r" %e'nom &+&ret+ ,o#et$om 1.= U,ra-o &+Amer"$anc" *a4t"%e-al" 'a Kara'"3 ne 2+'e +4"3en. Da 2" o'(o-or"l" Franc+*e o'"*no0en%a no-"4 ot$r"3a/ na,a'a%+ +o#" ,o&%eta <ranc+&$o( m"n"&tra o2rane Ala">naR"c4ar'a a&4"n(ton+.

D-a'e&et tre3e( a,r"la 1. a&4"n(ton Po&t na&lo-l%+%e= Ta%n" &a&tana$ omo(+3a-aKara'"3+ 'a "*2%e(ne +4"3en%e/ %e'an %e Franc+* na-o'no "*a*-ao ne+&,%e4 m"&"%e.Pro0lo(o'"0n%a a<era o+rmelon o2%a-l%+%e &e na &-a *-ona/ + o2no-l%eno% -er*"%". Jer'etal%an ,lan Kara'"3e-a +4"3en%a/ +$l%+#+%+3" " "n<ormac"%e/ ma,e/ (ra$one "o,erat"-ne ,o'at$e + o2l"$+ male naran#a&te $n%""ce 'e2l%"ne 1/G cm/ $ao 0to %e o,"&ao

JeYre- Sm"t4/ #"&ta &+ $c"%a/ 7"l% o,erac"%e Am2er Star n"%e n"$a'a 2"lo +4"3en%eKara'"3a/ a o+rmelo>no-a ,o-%era-an%a n"&+ &e &matrala "*'a%om %er n"%e 2"o ,o*-an

'a na,+&t" 5o&n+/ ('%e %e o&tao 'o 'ecem2ra 1. Al" amer"#$" &+ '+no&n"c" 'o2ro,a*"l" 'a to ne &,omen+ no-"nar+ a&4"n(ton Po&ta. Man",+l"ran%e a<erom o+rmelon,o(o'"lo %e c"l%. A$o %e Kara'"3 %o0 +-"%e$ na &lo2o'"/ to %e *2o( $r"-n%e Franc+*a. U o#"ma0"ro$e %a-no&t"/ Franc+*" o' &a'a &no&e na%-e3+ o'(o-orno&t *a ne+4"3en%e Kara'"3a.Prema tome/ an(lo&a$&on&$" t"&a$ ne ,re&ta%e &+mn%"#"t" Franc+*e *a 0+ro-an%e &aSr2"ma/ o,t+"-at" '-ol"#no&t " ne'o&tata$ ,o+*'ano&t" Franc+*a $o%" ,+0ta%+ 'a &e ,on%"4o-o+ &e$tor+ ne&metano $re3+ ratn" *lo#"nc". O-a$-o -")en%e/ $o%e o'ol"%e-a-remen+/ -ra3at 3e &e &-a$" ,+t $a' tre2a ,o&l+"t" $ao ,rot+tea (la&"nama o ta%nom,a$t+ "*me)+ Kara'"3a " Amer"$anaca/ $o%e $r"0om ,o#"n%+ ,+0tat" + me'"%e &ro'n"c"o,t+eno(a. S+,arn"0t-o "*me)+ Franc+*a " Amer"$anaca/ $ao me)+ *a,a'n"m&l+2ama/ ,one$a' &t-arno/ ,one$a' ,r"-"'no/ &,r"%e#"t 3e $ro* -"0e o' 'e&et (o'"na 'a"&t"na "*")e na -"'%elo " &l+"t 3e $ao al"2" *a "*o&ta%en%e re*+ltata. T"%e$om 'e&et (o'"na/Amer"$anc" 3e -"$at" na &a- (la& 'a ne mo(+ & Franc+*"ma '"%el"t" n"$a$-+ "n<ormac"%+ oratn"m *lo#"nc"ma $a$o 2" o,ra-'al" Kara'"3e- 2"%e( $o%" &e na&ta-l%a. Za,ra-o/ n"Franc+*" n" Amer"$anc" n"t" n%"4o-" &a-e*n"c" n"&+ 2"l" &,remn" ,re+*et" -o)en%e o,erac"%e

1G



$o%a &e ta'a &matrala ,re-"0e r"*"#nom.

7ara%0i#; 4o*ati i utje,ajni 4je*una,

S-" na,or" $o%e %e a&4"n(ton ,o'+*eo o' ,rol%e3a 1;. ,ro,al" &+ Ka>ra'"3e-"m,o-rat$om + 5o&n+. Za#+'o/ S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e " n%"4o-" &a-e*n"c" n"&+o&"(+ral" na#"n 'a *a're Kara'"3a "*-an 5o&ne. Na ta% na#"n m+ 'o,+0ta%+ 'a &e -rat".Pa ",a$/ ,o#e-0" o' n%e(o-a ,o-rat$a "* 5%elor+>&"%e/ Kara'"3/ o,t+en ,r"%e &$oro tr"(o'"ne/ ,o#"n%e "-%et" + ta%no&t". C"n" &e 'a o' ta'a ,o0t+%e +-%ete "* &-o%e "*%a-e "* %+la1;. " *a'o-ol%a-a &e o2%a-l%"-an%em $n%"(a $ao %e'"n"m %a-n"m +*"man%em r"%e#". Al"

,r"-"' " + tome -ara. A$o Kara'"3 ne 'r" -"0e + &-o%"m r+$ama &+'2"n+ 5o&ne/ on " 'al%e+t%e#e na ,o&lo-e &r,&$o( ent"teta. Za,a'n%ac" ne mo(+ to ne *nat" " #"n" &e 'a &e tome,r"la(o)a-a%+. Po&t+,n" ,re&tana$ o,a&no&t" *a NATO

; Ra*(o-or & 5o"'arom V+#+re-"3em/ Slo2o'na 5o&na/ Sara%e-o/ 1. 'ecem2ra ::;./ &tr. !;.>!.

Pro&r,&$" &ta-o-" <ranc+&$"4 -la&t"/ *a $o%e &+ &talno o,t+"-ane/ ne mo(+ o,ra-'at" tone,o-%eren%e %er ta$-e &ta-o-e +-el"$e '"%ele " 2r"tan&$e -la&t". Za ra*l"$+ o' Franc+&$e/ -"0e$n%"(a %e ,o&-e3eno 2la(o&t"/ 'a,a#e &++#e&n"0t-+ -"&o$"4 2r"tan&$"4 '+no&n"$a + o'no&+ naM"lo0e-"3e- re"m. Za'n%e o2%a-l%eno '%elo= Ho'(e 7arole/ 5r"ta"n an' t4e 5al$an&/ 11 +nt"l t4ePre&ent/ Ro+tle'(e/ Lon'on/ Ne? 8or$/ ::;.

1G!



o-e tr+,e " *a ,roce& m"ra/ $o%" %e ne$o +4"3en%e mo(lo "*a*-at" ,r-"4 m%e&ec"/ 'a,a#e/

,r-"4 (o'"na na$on rata/ n"%e 'o-eo 'o ,rom%ene &trate("%e.U,o*oren 'a mora ,o&tat" ne-"'l%"-/ Kara'"3 &e 'o&a)+%e + &-o%"m 2r'">Ima/ 'ale$o o'2l"&$"4 l%+'". S-e #e03e ,rela*" na 'r+(+ &tran+ (ran"ce ('%e l"ma mno(o &a-e*n"$a " ('%e

%e " 'al%e -rlo ,o,+laran. U 7rno% or"/ n%e(o-o% ro'no% *eml%"/ ('%e %o0 "-" n%e(o-a ma%$a" na%-e3" '"o n%e(o-e ro'2"ne/ %o0 +-"%e$ na"la*" na &+&retl%"-o&t -la&t". U* to/ lo$alno&-e3en&t-o "&$a*+%e m+ &-e&r'no ,o0to-an%e " +-"%e$ %e &,remno ,r"4-at"t" (a + &-o%"mne'o&t+,n"m mana&t"r"ma + 7rno% or"/ $ao " + Sr2"%". U,ra-o ,re' &"lnom (om"lom cr$-en"4 'o&to%an&t-en"$a " +*-an"$a/ Kara'"3 %e 1. + crno(or&$om mana&t"r+O0tro(/ ,ro&la-"o $r0ten%e &-o%e( ,r-o( +n+$a. Je'na$o %e &"(+ran " ] + Sr2"%".M"lo0e-"3e-e ta%ne &l+2e/ $o%e &+ na'"-%ele "*-la0ten%e &-o%e( 0e<a/ ,r+a%+ m+

'ra(oc%en+ ,omo3. Ta$o Kara'"3 moe re'o-"to o'la*"t" + 5eo(ra' " ,r"&+&t-o-at"ro)en%+ 'r+(o( +n+$a ,o#et$om a+(+&ta ::. Po&-+'a " &e moe o&lon"t" na mre+o'an"4 l%+'" $o%a #"n" n%e(o-+ t%ele&n+ &tra+/ r+$o-o'" n%e(o-om *a0t"tom " n%e(o-"m,+to-an%"ma. Al" ta %e o,erac"%a &$+,a. Po(oto-o ot$a' %e na,+&t"o Pale/ &to%" &tot"ne4"l%a'a e+ra (o'"0n%e/ ,rema *a,a'n"m &l+2ama.

Kara'"3 cr," "* 2la(a%ne Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e/ &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n". I*me)+ 1. "1. &ta-l%eno m+ %e na ra&,ola(an%e -"0e m"l"ona e+ra. Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 ma0"o &e *a'e, " ,r"2a-"o m+ m"l"on e+ra. U mart+ 1./ +,ra-o na$on Kara'"3e-a ,o-rat$a +5o&n+/ Mom#"lo Kra%"0n"$/ %e'an o' n%e(o-"4 2"-0"4 (la-n"4 ,oma(a#a/ tra"/ + ,"&m++,+3enom N"$ol" a"no-"3+/ ta'a M"lo0e-"3e-+ *am%en"$+ ,rem"%era/ m"l"on e+ra $ao +'"o+ &+'&$o% *a0t"t" Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a ,re' &amo,ro(la0en"m &+'om + Ha(+.

Sl%e'e3e( m%e&eca/ 5eo(ra'&$a 2an$a/ 2"-0a 2an$a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a $o%om +,ra-l%an%e(o-a -%erna ,r"%atel%"ca 5or$a V+#"3/ +,la3+%e ta% "*no& + o2l"$+ *a%ma nam"%en%eno(o2no-" &r,&$o( Sara%e-a Komerc"%alno% 2anc" &r,&$o(Sara%e-a/ na r+$e Kara'"3e-a 2"-0e( m"n"&tra ,ra-'e Mom#"la Man'"3a. No-ac n"$a'ane3e 2"t" -ra3en n" +,la3en *a re$on&tr+$c"%+ '"%ela Sara%e-a $o%" %e o&tao ,o' &r,&$om$ontrolom. U 'o(o-or+ & ,re'&%e'n"$om Vla'e Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e/ "*no& %e ,re2a#en *a*a0t"t+ 2%e(+nca.

7"%ela mrea %a-n"4 ,o'+*e3a +&m%era-a '"o &-o%"4 ,r"4o'a + Kara'"3e>-+ $or"&t.Pr"-atna &+ ,o'+*e3a "&to ta$o morala 'at" &-o% ,r"lo(/ ,one$a' &"lom/ ,r"n+)ena,la3en"c"ma "* Kara'"3e-e *a0t"3ene mree/ ,o' "*(o-orom 'a &+/ *a4-al%+%+3",o$ro-"tel%&t-+ 2"-0e( -o'e *a -r"%eme rata mo(l" 6ne'o,+0teno9 na(om"lat" &-o% $a,"tal.N%e(o- ,r"%atel% Dra(om"r Ko%"3/ 2"-0" 0e< n%e(o-e ,ol"c"%e/ 2"o %e %e'an o' (la-n"4'a-atel%a. On ta'a +,ra-l%a Un",a$om/ ,o'+*e3em *a ra*m"n"ran%e $o%e %e na(om"lalom"l"one 'olara +(o-or"ma o ,o'*a$+,+ & Roncom/ amer"#$"m ,o'+*e3em "* V"r("n"%e/&,ec"%al"*"ran"m*a 4+man"tarne o,erac"%e ra*m"n"ra-an%a/ a $o%e %e &+2-enc"on"rao State

1GB



De,artment/ " & (r#$"m ,o'+*e3em $ao 0to %e IMI $o%e &e $or"&t"lo e+ro,&$"m

&+2-enc"%ama.

C"n" &e 'a o-o $olan%e no-ca n"%e ,r"-+$lo ,o*orno&t me)+naro'n"4 +&ta>no-a $o%e &+ to%*eml%" 'ono&"le &re'&t-a ne,o&re'no na$on rata/ " $o%e &+ mo>rale &tro(o na'*"rat" ne&amo ,ol"t"#$e -la&t" ne(o " $retan%e " +,otre2+ 'ra-no( no-ca. Vel"$e &"le/ ta$o&,remne ne+tral"*"rat" Kara'"3e- +t%eca% na$on m"ro-n"4 &,ora*+ma/ n"malo &e n"&+*a#+'"le -"'%e-0" $a$o 2l"&$" &+ra'n"c" Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a na'*"r+ na%-e3" '"oe$onom&$e mo3" &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n". Te$ &+ &e ::!./ o&am (o'"na na$on n%e(o-eo,t+2e/ *a,a'n%ac" ,o#e>l" *an"mat" *a mre+ nanc"%&$e ,o'r0$e Ra'o-an+ Kara'"3+.Al" 2%e(+nac " 'al%e na&ta-l%a 'o2"-at" m"ro-"n+ ,re'&%e'n"$a &r,&$o( ent"teta $o%" %eo&no-ao " $o%"m %e +,ra-l%ao *a -r"%eme etn"#$o( #"03en%a. I n"t$o m+ ne o&,ora-a ta%

"*no&. Me)+t"m/ &re'"0n%" m"ro-"n&$" <on' "*ra#+nao %e n%e(o-e (o'"0n%e ,r"4o'e natemel%+ ,oloa%a + &l+2" o' ;. a,r"la 1. 'o 1:. no-em2ra ::1/ "a$o (a %e 1;. na,oloa%+ ,re'&%e'n"$a

Mom#"la Kra%"0n"$a %e ::;. I7T8 o&+'"o na '-a'e&et " &e'am (o'"na *at-ora *2o( *lo#"na,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" + 5o&n". N"$ol" a"no-"#+ &+'" &e ,re' I7T8>em *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" naKo&o-+/ a Mom#"la Man'"3a %e 2o&an&$o ,ra-o&+)e o,t+"lo *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". Dra(om"r Ko%"3 3e &e te$ o' &re'"ne ::!. ,o%a-"t" na ,o,"&+ o&o2a o&+mn%"#en"4 'a nanc"ra%+Kara'"3e- 2"%e(/ a $o%"ma %e *a2ran%en +la*a$ + E+ro,&$+ +n"%+ " + SAD. Pr"%e to(a/ Ko%"3e-++#"n$o-"to&t + o,erac"%ama ra*m"n"ran%a o$ol"ce Sara%e-a -"0e &+ ,+ta ,o*'ra-l%al" ,re'&ta-n"c"me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce/ $o%" &+ *a2ora-l%al" 'a &+ Ko%"3 " n%e(o-" l%+'" &am" &+'%elo-al" + m"n"ran%+$a$o 2" o'ral" o,&a'+ 2o&an&$e ,r"%e&toln"ce.

1GG



&r,&$o( ent"teta *am"%en"la 5"l%ana Pla-0"3. Kara'"3 n"%e n"$a' ne&tao "* &l+2en"4

,o,"&a= n%e(o-" a'm"n"&trat"-n" 'o$+ment" re'o-"to &e a+r"ra%+/ a l"%e#n"#$a $omora"*'a%e m+ &-a$e (o'"ne ,ro<e&"onaln+ "&$a*n"c+.

Kona#no/ *a &-"4 o-"4 '-anae&t (o'"na 2"%e(a Kara'"3 n"%e n"$a'a ,re&tao +t%ecat" na,ol"t"#$" " e$onom&$" "-ot &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n". Nemo%te *am"0l%at" 'a &e on &$r"-a +ne$o% r+," $ao Sa'am H+&e"n. On &e &lo2o'no $re3e/ ,"0e/ -")a &-o%+ o2"tel%/ #e&to na&,o'&%e3a 7arla 'el Ponte ne ot$r"-a%+3" 'a on "ma -remena #a$ " *a ,r"man%e &-o%"4l%+2a-n"ca. Na$on ,o-rat$a + 5o&n+ 2%e(+nac &e ,re&tao &l+"t" tele<onom. O' ta'a &a&-o%"m 2l"n%"ma $om+n"c"ra ,or+$ama "l" ,"&m"ma. N%e(o-a 2ro%na ,"&ma $o%a %e NATO+4-at"o &-%e'o#e o Kara'"3e-o% '%elatno&t" na &-"m ,o'r+#%"ma. On $oment"ra ,ol"t"#$e'o(a)a%e " a$t+alno&t"/ &a-%et+%e nanc"%&$e o,erac"%e " $+,o-an%e *eml%"0ta/ ra&,ra-l%a o

o'ra-an%+ o2"tel%&$o( "m+t$a/ ,reno&" ,ol"t"#$e &m%ern"ce/ 'a%e *a,o-"%e'" + -e*" &a&-o%om o2ranom. C"n" &e 'a %e Kara'"3 ,r-"4 (o'"na o*2"l%no &+mn%ao + &-o%+ne$an%"-o&t/ ta$o 'a &e 2a-"o ,r",reman%em &-o%e o2rane " o&"(+ra-an%em 'a na n%o%ra'e me)+naro'n" o'-%etn"c" " 'a *a to 2+'+ ,la3en". P"&ma ,o$a*+%+ 'a nema n"$a$-"4te0$o3a + $om+n"c"ran%+ & 2l"&$"m o&o2ama " 'a %e na&ta-"o o'ra-at" "*ra-ne $onta$te&a &-o%om o2"tel%". S-a$o( %an+ara/ na 'an &-o%e(a $r0ten%a/ &a&ta%e &e &a &-o%"ma.Mno(a o' t"4 ,"&ama omo(+3+%+ 'a &e +,o*na%+ n%e(o-e na-"$e " 'a &e ,re'-"'e ne$an%e(o-a ,rem%e0tan%a. Ona &+ ta$o)er mo(la 'o-e&t" 'o n%e(o-a 4-atan%a. Al"/ &-a$" ,+t$a' &e ne$" $ont"n(ent NATO>a 'omo(ao 'o$+menata/ ,re'ao 2"

"4 &-o%"m nac"onaln"m -la&t"ma/ $o%e 2" "4 ,ro(la&"le ta%nama o2rane. I7T8 %e 'o2"o &amo-rlo mal" '"o/ ne$ol"$o (o'"na ,o&l"%e/ $a' "n<ormac"%e 0to &+ "4 &a'ra-ala n"&+ -"0e "male

n"$a$-e -r"%e'no&t". U%e&en ::G./ $a' %e 7arla 'el Ponte ,r"%et"la 'a 3e ot$r"t" "&t"n+ o4a%$" na Kara'"3a/ "*nena'no %o% %e 'o&ta-l%eno 'e&eta$ <a&c"$ala $o%" &+ &a'ra-al","&ma " 'r+(e o&o2ne 'o$+mente 0to &+ ,r",a'al" 2%e(+nc+. T" &+ 'o$+ment" na$na'noo2%a&n"l" <+n$c"on"ran%e mrea Kara'"3e-e *a0t"te.

No-a " ,o&l%e'n%a &mrtono&na $am,an%a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a na Ko&o-+ + l%eto 1.o'-ra3a ,an%+ & 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne. NATO &e &,rema "nter-en"rat" ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3e-"4&na(a " -"0e &e ne na&to%" #a$ n"t" ,ret-arat" 'a 4-ata Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a. O#a%na/Lo+"&e Ar2o+r o'l+#+%e/ &amo ne$ol"$o t%e'ana na$on 0to %e o,t+"la Slo2o'anaM"lo0e-"3a/ ,o$+0at" +-%er"t" Kara'"3a 'a &e ,re'a. Ona *a'++%e #lana &-o%e( +re'a/Amer"$anca Pa+la Nella/ 'a &t+," + $onta$t & Ra'o-anom Kara'"3em. Do0lo %e 'o

ne$ol"$o ta%n"4 &+&reta/ al" 2e* re*+ltata. Do(a)al" &+ &e "*me)+ Tre2"n%a " 5"le3e/ + 2l"*"n" %e*era/ *at"m *a,a'n"%e/ + mana&t"r+ na ,+t+ $o%" -o'" + Stolac/ *at"m + ,o'r+#%+ Fo#a>V"0e(ra'/ + 4otel+ + 2l"*"n" K+le 5an%e "/ na,o$on/ + 7rno% or"/ na -"&o-"ma ,lan"nea2l%a$. Pr" &-a$om ,rem%e0tan%+/ "&tra"tel%+ &+ ,o-e*al" o#"/ n%e(o-" ,rat"oc" m"%en%a%+

1G;



r+te " ne$ol"$o ,+ta m"%en%a%+ -o*"lo. Za -r"%eme n%"4o-a ,o&l%e'n%e( &+&reta/ Ra'o-an

Kara'"3 ,ono-no ,o'&%e3a na &,ora*+m & R"c4ar'om Hol2roo$eom/ "* no-em2ra 1G.U "*-%e0ta%+ o &-o%o% m"&"%" Pa+l Nell &a"ma Kara'"3e-e r"%e#"= Malo ,r"%e Datona/amer"#$" '",lomat m+ %e o2e3ao 'a n"$a'a ne3e 2"t" +4"3en a$o &e 2+'e 'rao ,o&tran".

Ure' Lo+"&e Ar2o+r tra" o' NATO>o-a *a,o-%e'n"$a + 5o&n"/ (enerala Me"(&a/ 'a &e'o(o-ore o na#"n"ma Kara'"3e-a ,re2ac"-an%a + Ha(. On %a-l%a 'a tre2a 'o2"t" *eleno&-%etlo o&o2no o' 7l"ntona ,r"%e ne(o 0to &e ,o'+*me 2"lo $a$-a a$c"%a $o%a +$l%+#+%eKara'"3a. Lo+"&e Ar2o+r na,+0ta &-o%e m%e&to ,o-%era-a%+3" ta% ,ro%e$t 7arl" 'el Ponte$o%a %e &t"(la + Ha( 1B. &e,tem2ra 1.

Sretna %e o$olno&t 0to %e no-a t+"tel%"ca -"car$a/ a Kara'"3 %e ra*matrao mo(+3no&t 'a&e ,re'a 2a0 + -"car&$+. O,t+en"$ ne el" "*(le'at" $ao $+$a-"ca " tra" 'a n%e(o-a

,re'a%a 2+'e ,r"$a*ana $ao +4"3en%e. No/ nema n"malo ,o-%eren%a + NATO " 2o%" &e *a&-o% "-ot. Za -r"%eme ,o&l%e'n%e( &+&reta & "*a&lan"$om Lo+"&e Ar2o+r/ ,o#et$om&e,tem2ra 1./ Kara'"3 'o + ,otan$o&t" ra&,ra-l%a o na#"n+ &-o%e ,re'a%e. Pono-notra" 'a ,o#eta$ &+)en%a #e$a + $+3nom ,r"t-or+ " tr"&to 4"l%a'a n%ema#$"4 mara$a $a$o2" o&"(+rao &-o%+ *a0t"t+. No-a t+"tel%"ca el%ela 2" "&$or"&t"t" &l%e'e3" &+&ret/ a$o &e 2+'eo'ra-ao + 5o&n"/ 'a (a ,r"%etn%om ne,o&re'no( +4"3en%a ,r"&"l" na ,re'a%+. D-a'e&et'r+(o( &e,tem2ra 1. ona tra" ,omo3 (enerala Me"(&a $o%" ,ot-r)+%e 'a %e ,otre2na7l"ntono-a &+(la&no&t *a 2"lo $a$-+ a$c"%+ ,rot"- Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a a$o &e 'o(a)a +amer"#$om &e$tor+. eneral Me"(&/ me)+t"m/ ,re,or+#+%e 'a &e &a-%et+%+ & Par"*om %er3e Kara'"3 -%ero-atno 2"t" + <ranc+&$om &e$tor+. 7arla 'el Ponte ,r"ml%ena %e .<e2r+ara :::. + El"*e%&$o% ,ala#". 74"rac 2e* o$ol"0an%a o,t++%e Amer"$ance 'a ,r"%e#e

Kara'"3e>-o +4"3en%e. Kao 'o$a* $ae 'a %e Franc+&$a //+ ,ro0lo&t" ,ot"cala Amer"$ance'a '%el+%+/ al" on" n"&+ ma$l" n" ,r&tom. 74"rac ,r"*na%e 'a %e +-%eren 'a %e ne$a$a-&,ora*+m &$lo,l%en + -r"%eme 'e%ton&$"4 ,re(o-ora/ al" 'a nema #-r&to( 'o$a*a.D-a'e&et tre3e( marta :::. 7arla Del Ponte ot-oreno ,o&ta-l%a to ,"tan%e e&le%+7lar$+/ *a,o-%e'n"$+ &a-e*n"#$"4 &na(a + E+ro," 6SA7EUR9. Amer"#$" (eneral to ,or"#e "o,t++%e 74"raca 'a &e &,ora*+m"o & Kara'"3em " Mla'"3em $a$o 2"/ +o#" ceremon"%e,ot,"&"-an%a m"ro-n"4 &,ora*+ma + Par"*+/ ,o&t"(ao o&lo2a)an%e <ranc+&$"4 ,"lota/ $o%" &+o' a+(+&ta 1G. + &r,&$om *aro2l%en"0t-+. On 'o'a%e 'a %e <ranc+&$o ,rot"-l%en%emot"-"rano " e$onom&$"m "ntere&"ma Franc+&$e + Sr2"%" " + R+&"%". Al" ,ona-l%a 'a %e,otre2no 7l"ntono-o *eleno &-%etlo. Da 2" ",a$ 'o$a*ao $a$o &+ 74"ra>co-e o,t+2e,rot"- Amer"$anaca neo&no-ane/ (eneral e&le 7lar$ tra" o' Par"*a 'a nare'"<ranc+&$"m tr+,ama 'a 0to ,r"%e +4"te Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a. U ,"&m+ o' B. marta :::.na&lo-l%enom na *a,o-%e'n"$a <ranc+&$o( la-no( &toera (enerala Jean>P"erreaKelc4ea/ $o%e %e on o'ma4 'o&ta-"o 7arl" 'el Ponte/ ,"0e= Na$on na0"4 ra&,ra-a " + el%"'a ra*%a&n"m &-o%e nam%ere/ %a -a& o-"m ,"&mom o-la03+%em 'a ,o'+*mete &-e a$c"%e

1G



,otre2ne *a 4-atan%e Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a #"m -a0e &na(e 2+'+ mo(le to "*-r0"t"/ na

temel%+ o,t+n"ce I7T8>a/ ,o'"(n+te ,rot"- n%e(a. 5"o 2"4 -am *a4-alan 'a meo2a-%e0ta-ate + &$la'+ & ,roce'+rom. To %e &amo +*al+'an ,o$+0a%/ " 7lar$ to *na.a&4"n(ton o2%a0n%a-a= Franc+*" "ma%+ + Kara'"3e-o% o$ol"n" -e*+/ %e'no( o' n%e(o-"4t%ele&n"4 #+-ara. A$o *atrae ,omo3 SAD>a/ m" 3emo "m %e 'at"/ al" "&t"na %e 'a Franc+*"ne ele na0+ ,omo3. On" na&to%e ,o&t"3" Kara'"3e-+ ,re'a%+. Kara'"3 %e/ +me)+-remen+/ ,re$"n+o &-e $onta$te & Pa+lom Nellom/ "*a&lan"$om t+"tel%"#"na +re'a.

To %e 2"o ,o&l%e'n%" &+&ret & ne$"m ,re'&ta-n"$om I7T8>a.

1G



Pa&"-no&t -el"$"4 &"la *a -r"%eme &+$o2a 'o-ela %e 'o mno("4 ,rl%a-"4 na(o'2" $o%e 3e/

$a' &e %e'nom -rat" m"r/ 'o-e&t" 'o no-"4. J+#era0n%a nemo3 ra)a 'ana0n%+ nemo3/*at-ara%+3" ,ol"t"#are + *at-oren" $r+( "* $o%e( na&to%e "*a3" ne,re&tano &e o,ra-'a-a%+3".S-a$a -el"$a &"la "ma &-o%e -la&t"te '+(o-e +* one $o%e '"%ele &-e *a%e'no. Amer"$anc" "Franc+*" +*al+'no ,re2ac+%+ $r"-n%+ %e'n" ne 'r+(e 'o$ &,ora*+mno na&to%e o(ran"#"t"'%elo-an%e ,ra-o&+)a $a$o 2" ,r"$r"l" &-o%e ,r"%a0n%e ,o&t+,$e. Franc+&$a n"%e n"$a'ael%ela ot$lon"t" &+mn%+ & o$olno&t" o&lo2a)an%a ,"lota 1. 'ecem2ra 1G./ '-a 'ana,r"%e ,ot,"&"-an%a De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma + &alon+ El"*e%&$e ,ala#e + Par"*+. Fre'er"c74"Yot " Jo&e So+-"(net &+'%elo-al" &+ + NATO>o-o% o,erac"%" ,rot"- &r,&$"4 ,oloa%a +5o&n" $a' %e !:. a+(+&ta 1G. &r+0en n%"4o- M"ra(e. Prona0l" &+ "4 &el%ac"/ ,re'al"l%+'"ma Rat$a Mla'"3a " n%e(o-o% &l+2" o&"(+ran%a. Ra'o-an Kara'"3/ 'a$le/ n"%e 2"o +,o*"c"%" 'a &e c%en$a. I*a&lan"c" Jac+e&a 74"raca "l" <ranc+&$"4 &l+2"/ 2"-0" ,re<e$t Jean>74arle& Marc4"an"/ (eneral + m"ro-"n" P"erre>Mar"e allo"& " 'r+("/ &4-at"l" &+ to na$on 0to&+ t%e'n"ma & n%"me -o'"l" ,re(o-ore *a -r"%eme $o%"4 %e tra"o ,re&tana$ ,ro(ona ,re'I7T8. Par"* %e $ona#no tra"o o' 5eo(ra'a/ +* ,r"%atel%&$o ,o&re'o-an%e Mo&$-e/ 'ana(o-or" Mla'"3a 'a ,+&t" '-a #a&n"$a. Prema n"*+ tele<on&$"4 ra*(o-ora/ $o%" &+,r"&l+0$"-an" + to -r"%eme/ a "*ne&en" $ra%em %+na ::!. na &+)en%+ M"lo0e-"3+/ " Rat$oMla'"3 %e ,o$+0ao ,re(o-arat" o &-o%em ne$a>n%a-an%+ + *am%en+ *a o&lo2a)an%e ,"lota.U tele<on&$"m ra*(o-or"ma "* 'ecem2ra 1G. me)+ &r,&$"m r+$o-o'"oc"ma &,om"n%+ &e74"raco-a o2e3a>+%a. Koman'ant eneral0ta2a Arm"%e/ Mom#"lo Per"0"3/ re$ao %e .'ecem2ra na-e#er Zoran+ L"l"3+/ ,re'&%e'n"$+ Fe'erac"%e Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/ 'a Mla'"3/ +*am%en+ *a ,"lote/ tra" #-r&ta %am&t-a 'a ne3e 2"t" "*r+#en S+'+. L"l"3 &e #+'" %er &+m+ &-" >74"rac/ M"lo0e-"3/ Per"0"3 " &am L"l"3 >'al" &-o%+ r">%e#. U tele<on&$om ra*(o-or+ &L"l"3em/ ne$ol"$o tren+ta$a ,o&l"%e/ M"lo0e-"3 o'o2ra-a Mla'"3e-e *a4t%e-e " &+(er"ra

&-o%em &+(o-orn"$+ 'a m+ "*'a ,"&a>no %am&t-o. Ne #e$a%+3"/ L"l"3 o2a-%e0ta-a Per"0"3a "na(la0a-a 'a 3e Mla'"3 'o2"t" ,"&an" 'o$+ment/ a +* to " r"%e# ,re'&%e'n"$a M"lo0e-"3a "74"raca. I&te -e#er" 11. 'ecem2ra 1G. M"lo0e-"3e-a &+,r+(a M"ra Mar$o-"3 ,o*"-aMla'"3e-a 0e<a ta2a Ra%$a 5an'+$+= Ne 'ola*" + o2*"r 'a Mla'"3 o'e + Ha(/ neman"$a$-a ra*lo(a 'a ,"lot" ne 2+'+ ra*m"%en%en" ,o' t"m +-%etom. Za>t"m "*%a-l%+%e 'a/ $a'Mla'"3 'o2"%e %am&t-a/ ,"lot" mora%+ 2"t" ,re'an" Franc+*"ma. Par"* %e to +-"%e$ ,or"cao. Pr"&+&ret+ & 7arlom 'el Ponte + El"*e%&$o% ,ala#" G. %+na ::!. Jac+e& 74"rac "*r"#"to $ae'a Franc+&$a n"%e n"$a' ,re(o-arala o o&lo2a)an%+ &-o%"4 ,"lota + *am%en+ *a Mla'"3e-+,ro,+&n"c+. Znam %a t+ ,r"#+/ to ,r"#a%+ ona% ra*2o%n"$ 6Jean>74arle& o,. a.9 Marc4"an" "674arle& o,. a.9 Pa&+a/ a 2"o %e " ne$" R+& 6Ar$a'"% a%'ama$ o,. a.9 + to%,r"#". No 2"o &am 2"%e&an " tra"l" &mo 2e*+-%etno o&lo2a)an%e ,"lota +*-"$n+o %e ta'a74"rac.

1G



<aj(a na M&a%i#a

Na$on *a-r0et$a NATO>o-e "nter-enc"%e na Ko&o-+ + ,rol%e3e 1. *a,a'n" '+no&n"c"o2na-l%a%+ &-o%a o2e3an%a 'a 3e ,o0t"-at" *a4t%e-e ,ra-o&+)a/ al"/ "*a $+l"&a/ ne m"%en%a%+&-o%+ ,ol"t"$+ o'2"%an%a. U <e2r+ar+ :::. *a -r"%eme %e'no( ,o&%eta N"*o*em&$o% Jac+e&74"rac ,ono-no ,ot-r)+%e o'l+#no&t Franc+&$e 'a +#"n" &-e $a$o 2" ,omo(la + +4"3en%+traen"4 o&o2a/ a o&o2"to ono(a $o%" +t%elo-l%+%e etn"#$o #"03en%e + n%e(o-+ na%(n+&n"%emo2l"$+/ t%. Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a. e&le 7lar$ + a,r"l+ ,o%a#a-a ton= Kara'"3e-o %e+4"3en%e ,"tan%e 'ana. A eor(e Tenet/ 0e< 7IA>e/ ,r" &+&ret+ & 7arlom 'el Ponte ;.&e,tem2ra + Lan(la+/ 'o'a%e= Ja ta$-e l%+'e ,ro(on"m '"l%em &-"%eta. Za0to &e ne+&,"%e-a +4"t"t" n" 5"n La'ena Tre2alo nam %e &e'am 'ana 'a +4-at"mo Nor"e(+ &

'-a'e&et 4"l%a'a mar"naca + *eml%" $o%a %e 2"la na0a... Kara'"3 %e mo% ,r"or"tet 2ro% %e'an.On %e + &re'"0t+ &-"4 na0"4 na,ora. To %e %e'na o' na%te"4 o,erac"%a. On n"$a'a nera*(o-ara tele<on&$"/ ne ,ot,"&+%e n"$a'a 'o$+mente 6&"c9. Me)+t"m/ a$o M"lo0e-"3a&-r(n+ & -la&t"/ &-" 3e 0ta$or" na,+&t"t" 2ro'. U ma%+ ::1./ na no-om &a&tan$+ na$onamer"#$"4 "*2ora/ eor(e Tenet ,ona-l%a= Za 5+&4o-+ a'm"n"&trac"%+/ $ao " *a 7IA>+/Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 &,a'a%+ + na%-"0e ,r"or"tete. Zat"m na(la0a-a " ne &+mn%a%+3" 0to 3e &e'o(o'"t" 11. &e,tem2ra= Kara'"3 %e *a mene -an"%" o' Mla'"3a " -an"%" o' 5"n La'ena.5r"tan&$" ,rem"%er "&to ta$o +-%era-a 7arl+ 'el Ponte + &-o%+ ,o'r0$+. U ,"&m+ 'at"ranom1. 'ecem2ra ::1. Ton- 5la"r ,"0e= Naro#"to me *a2r"n%a-a #"n%en"ca 'a Kara'"3 "Mla'"3 %o0 +-"%e$ n"&+ +4"3en". M" &mo %a&no +$a*al" Ko0t+n"c" 6,re'&%e'n"$+ Sr2"%e " rneore/ + -r"%eme n%e(o-a ,o&%eta Vel"$o% 5r"tan"%"/ ,ot$ra% no-em2ra/ o,. a.9 'a n%"4o-a

&lo2o'a otea-a &ta2"l"*ac"%+ &"t+ac"%e + 5o&n". M" &mo &+o#"l" -la&t" & "n<ormac"%ama $o%e,o$a*+%+ 'a element" J+(o&la-en&$e arm"%e o&"(+ra-a%+ Mla'"3e-+ *a0t"t+. I 'al%e 3emo+&tra%at" + tome.

Na$on 0to %e + o$to2r+ :::. &-r(n+t & -la&t"/ Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a "*r+#"o %e Ha(+ . %+na :::. &r,&$" ,rem"%er Zoran Đ"n)"3. Ta% ,reo$ret $ao 'a na%a-l%+%e mo(+3eot-aran%e. 5%e(+nc" $o%" &+ na0l" +to#"0te + Sr2"%" &a' &+ -e3 na 'o4-at r+c" ,ra-'e. To2arem -%er+%e 7arla 'el Ponte $o%a o'l+#+%e ,o$+0at" na(o-or"t" &r2"%an&$+ -la'+ 'a +4"t"Rat$a Mla'"3a $o%" &e %a-no ,o$a*+%e + 5eo(ra'+.

Na$on o'la&$a "* 5o&ne + mart+ 1. Mla'"3 "-" + Sr2"%" ,o' *a0t"tom na%-"0"4 'ra-n"4-la&t". Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 (a%" -el"$o '"-l%en%e ,rema $r-olo#nome (eneral+. Uo#"

n%e(o-e &mrt" + Ha(+/ + mart+ ::;./ re$ao %e &-o%"m *at-or&$"m 'r+(o-"ma= Rat$oMla'"3 %e -el"$" *a,o-%e'n"$/ ,ra-" 'entlmen. N%e(o- na&l%e'n"$ Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca/"*a2ran + o$to2r+ :::./ ne m"%en%a &tr+$t+re. Pe'e&eta$ na%-%ern"%"4 Mla'"3e-"4 #lano-ao&"(+ran%a &l"%e'"lo (a %e + Sr2"%+. Na&tan"l" &+ &e + -o%arn" na To,#"'er+/ + &r,&$o%

1;:



,r"%e&toln"c". 5eo(ra'&$a arm"%a o&"(+ra-a "m lo("&t"$+/ ,+to-an%a/ na'*or. Rat$o Mla'"3

"-" + &-o%o% 2eo(ra'&$o% -"l"/ + Ul"c" 5la(o%a Paro-"3a 11>A/ + re*"'enc"%alno% #et-rt"5ano-o 5r'o ('%e %e -o%&$a "*(ra'"la $+3e *a &-o%e -"&o$e #a&n"$e. Ka' + a,r"l+ 1.NATO ,o$re3e o,erac"%+ 2om2ar'"ran%a Sa-e*n"#$e &na(e/ c"l%a%+ &e ,ona%,r"%e -o%ne"n<ra&tr+$t+re " ,o&tro%en%a. Mete &+ (a)ane &-e 'o 5eo(ra'a. Rat$o Mla'"3 ,re&el"o &eo'ma4 + +n+tra0n%o&t. U ,o#et$+ 2ora-" + o'maral"0t+ Stra(ar"ma/ 2l"*+ (ra'"3a To,ole/*at"m &e ,re&el"o + 'r+(o -o%no o'maral"0te/ + Ra%c+ 2l"*+ Val%e-a. Na$on 0to &+ *a-r0"laratna '%elo-an%a/ Rat$o Mla'"3 ,ro-o'" -r"%eme "*me)+ 5eo(ra'a " +n+tra0n%o&t". Ce&to %e(o&t (enerala "-ano-"3a/ &-o%e( ,r"%atel%a $o%" %e *a,o-"%e'ao Dr"n&$"m $or,+&om 'o

%+tra $a' %e *a,o#eo (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c"/ a $o%" "ma $+3+ + 2l"*"n" orn%e( M"lano-ca.Re'o-"to o'la*" + ,o'r+#%e Val%e-a ('%e 2ora-" $o' 'r+("4 &r,&$"4 (enerala " $o'(enerala Petra ra#an"na/ 2"-0e( m"n"&tra/ ,r"%atel%a o2"tel%" M"lo0e-"3 " &a-%etn"$a + &%en"

&-"4 +&,ore'n"4 mrea. U,ra-o + t+ ,o$ra%"n+ + &re'"0t+ Sr2"%e/ ,o-+$ao &e na ne$ol"$ot%e'ana + -r"%eme "*r+#"-an%a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a I7T8>+./ . %+na ::1. Na$on 0to (a

%e ,re'&%e'n"$ 'ra-e Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca +-%er"o 'a ne3e 2"t" ,re'an Ha(+/ Mla'"3 &e$ona#no -rat"o + 5eo(ra'. I* 2+'eta Vo%&$e Re,+2l"$e Sr,&$e ,rone-%ereno %e G :::$on-ert"2"ln"4 mara$a/ -al+te 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne 6o$o !; ::: e+ra9/ $a$o 2" m+ &e$+,"o a+tomo2"l $o%a 3e on *at"m 'aro-at" &"n+.

Ka' &e Mla'"3 + ,rol%e3e ::1./ a *at"m ::. l"%e#"o + Vo%no% 2oln"c" + 5eo(ra'+/ n"%e &e$or"&t"o ,o'*emn"m +la*om na ra*"n" (araa/ ne(o %e +la*"o na (la-na -rata. I&to ta$o/Mla'"3 &e ,o$a*+%e " na -%en#an%+ &-o%e( &"na Dar$a/ a na*o#" " &-e#ano&t"ma + Dom+Arm"%e/ &m%e0tenom + &rc+ 5eo(ra'a. O2"la*" re&torane + &-o%o% #et-rt"/ "'e na

no(ometne +ta$m"ce. 5eo(ra)an" (a re'o-"to &+&re3+. N%e(o-o #e&to ,o%a-l%"-an%e,re'&ta-l%a "*r+("-an%e me)+naro'no% *a%e'n"c". Sna(e NATO>a ,o&lane + &+&%e'n+5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+ ne mo(+ '%elo-at" + Sr2"%"/ #a$ " $a' 2" 4t%ele. Na ta% na#"n mo(+ot$lon"t" ,on+'+ Zorana Đ"n)"3a 7arl" 'el Ponte . %+na ::1. Sr,&$" ,rem"%er $o%"&re'"nom ,o,o'ne-a tele<on"ra t+"tel%"c" 'a %e o2a-"%e&t" o "*r+#en%+ Slo2o'anaM"lo0e-"3a na S+'/ ,re'lae %o% 'a + "&t" ma4 "&,or+#" Mla'"3a. A$o NATO moe '%elo-at"2e* o'(o'e/ + ro$+ o' #et"r" &ata/ &+(er"ra on. Mla'"3 %e ta'a $o' $+3e + 5eo(ra'+.

1;1



Mla'"3 +2r*o ,o&ta%e ra*lo( ne&la(an%a "*me)+ Vo%"&la-a Ko0t+n"ce/ ,re'>&%e'n"$a

Sa-e*ne Dra-e Sr2"%e " 7rne ore/ " Zorana Đ"n)"3a/ &r,&$o( ,rem"%era. Đ"n)"3 *na 'an%e(o-a *eml%a ne3e na3" &-o%e m%e&to na me)+naro'no% &cen" a$o 'a%e +to#"0tena%o'(o-orn"%em *a ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c"/ $o%e(a tra" me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e. Ve3 ,r"%ene(o 0to %e "*r+#"o M"lo0e-"3a Ha(+/ on tra" o' Ko0t+n"ce 'a +$"ne *a0t"t+ o'o2ren+Mla'"3+ $o%+ nanc"ra &a-e*n" 2+'et te 'a (a +m"ro-".

Mla'"3 n"%e n"$a'a ,re&tao 2"t" a$t"-an #a&n"$ %+(o&la-en&$e -o%&$e/ #a$ n" + -r"%emena%e03e( etn"#$o( #"03en%a. Za -r"%eme rata $a' %e *a,o-"%e'ao -o%&$om 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a" #"n"lo &e 'a o-"&" o &amo,ro(la0enom ,re'&%e'n"$+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a Ra'o-an+Kara'"3+/ Mla'"3 %e o&tao ,o' ,o$ro-"tel%&t-om 5eo(ra'a. S-a$o o' n%e(o-"4+na,re)en%a/ ,o,+t ono( o' 1;. %+na 1B. $o%e m+ %e ,r"2a-"lo tre3+ (eneral&$+

*-%e*'"c+/ 'one&eno %e o'l+$om ,ot,"&anom r+$om ,re'&%e'n"$a Sa-e*ne Dra-e Sr2"%e "7rne ore. Mla'"3 %e " 'al%e ,r",a'ao %+(o&la-en&$o% -o%&c"/ &amo %e 'o'"%el%en Sr2"ma +5o&n"/ $ao " (oto-o &-" $a'ro-" n%e(o-e -o%&$e $o%" &+ &"%al" &mrt + 5o&n". Se'am (o'"na,o&l"%e/ 1;. %+na ::1./ ,ono-no ,re'&%e'n"$ 'ra-e Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca ,ot,"&+%e 'e$reto-la03+%+3" n%e(o-o +m"ro-l%en%e " ,o-la#en%e n%e(o-a 'o&%ea "* &l+2en"4 re("&taraVo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e. Al" Ko0t+n"ca/ $o%" %e to na,ra-"o ,o' ,r"t"&$om Đ"n)"3a/ ne +r".A'm"n"&trat"-na ,roce'+ra 'o-r0ena %e te$ (o'"n+ 'ana ,o&l"%e/ . ma%a ::./ na$onno-"4 ,r"%etn%" &r,&$o( ,rem"%era.

Za,an%+%e &,o*na%a 'a Rat$o Mla'"3 moe " 'al%e &a&-"m 2e*2r"no "-%et" + 5eo(ra'+/,o' &l+2enom *a0t"tom J+(o&la-en&$e arm"%e/ #"%" %e " 'al%e a$t"-n" #a&n"$/ o,t++%e +no-em2r+ ::1. 7arla 'el Ponte + Par"*+ " + a&4"n(ton+. I +,o*ora-a ,re' V"%e3em

&"(+rno&t" . no-em2ra= A$o &mo &t-arno o'l+#n" ,r"m"%en"t" *a$on ,rot"- on"4 $o%" &+,o#"n"l" '%ela (enoc"'a "l" *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" "l" teror"*ma " a$o el"mo +&,o&ta-"t"tra%n+ &ta2"lno&t na 5al$an+/ %e'no&ta-no ne moemo 'o,+&t"t+ Ra'o-an+ Kara'"3+ "Rat$+ Mla'"3+ 'a "*2%e(n+ ,ra-'" " ne moemo $on&tr+$t"-no ra*(o-arat" o 'o-r0a-an%aman'ata I7T8>a 'o$ n%"ma ne 2+'+ &+)eno + Ha(+.

Đ"n'"3 %e -e3 o2e3ao 7arl" 'el Ponte 'a 3e %o% ,re'at" Mla'"3a/ al" %e tra"o malo -remena.Mla'"3 %e + Sr2"%" " moram 'o2"t" ,ol"t"#$" $on&en*+& *a n%e(o-o "*r+#"-an%e Ha(+. A to 3e2"t" te0$o/ 'a ne $aem nemo(+3e. Ko0t+n"ca %e nera*+man " ne3e $ren+t" na Mla'"3a. A+* to/ on m"&l" 'a &+ 'an" I7T8>a " -a0" o'2ro%an". Đ"n)"3 *na 'a 2" &+'%elo-an%e &r,&$e,ol"c"%e + Mla'"3e-+ +4"3en%+ "*a*-ala o'(o-or -o%&$e. On ,o$+0a-a na%,r"%e +-%er"t"

Ko0t+n"c+ 'a &e ,o'#"n" me)+naro'n"m ,ra-"l"ma " 'a 0to ,r"%e *a,o#ne &+ra'n%+ & I7T8>em. SAD " 'al%e +-%et+%e &-o%+ e$onom&$+ ,omo3 tom &+ra'n%om/ o tome o-"&" &+'2"naSr2"%e. D-a'e&eta$ o,t+en"$a $o%" 2%ee o' Ha(a 2e*2r"no "-" + Sr2"%". Đ"n)"3 &e na'a'a 3e Ko0t+n"ca +2r*o ,r"&tat" 'a "&,or+#" &"tne r"2e/ a *at"m 3e &e o'l+#"t" "&,or+#"t" "

1;



Mla'"3a. Il" 'a 3e Mla'"3/ $a' (a na,+&t" -o%&$a/ ot"3" "* Sr2"%e.

U %an+ar+ ::. Đ"n'"3 + Ne? 8or$+ na%a-l%+%e 7arl" 'el Ponte &-o% ,lan= Tra"o &am o'Amer"$anaca 'a m" ,omo(n+ lo$al"*"rat" Mla'"3a/ al" on" $a+ 'a ne *na%+ ('%e &e nala*".Me)+t"m/ &$lo,"l" &mo &,ora*+m & 7IA>om. A$o Mla'"3 2+'e "*-an Sr2"%e/ 7IA 3e '%elo-at".Ne2o%0a Pa-$o-"3 6ta'a0n%" $oma'ant eneral0ta2a Vo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e o,. a.9 ,o&lat 3e'-"%e &tot"ne l%+'" " ,o&ta-"t" m+ +lt"mat+m= "l" na,+&t" Sr2"%+/ "l" 3emo te +4a,&"t".Na'amo &e 'a 3e ot"3". 5"t 3e (a la$0e +4a,&"t" + Re,+2l"c" Sr,&$o% %er &e tamo ne moe/,o,+t Kara'"3a/ o&lon"t" na 0"ro$+ mre+ ,o'r0$e.

Mla'"3 nema n",o0to nam%er+ ,re'at" &e "l" na,+&t"t" Sr2"%+/ ('%e &e o&%e3a na &"(+rnome.Cet-rto( %+na ::. + 5eo(ra'+ on -la&tor+#no ,ot,"&+%e &-o%e +m"ro-l%en%e " "men+%e tr"o,+nomo3en"$a *a ,r"man%e n%e(o-e ,en*"%e= &+,r+(+ 5o&"l%$+/ &"na Dar$a " 0e<a %e'"n"ce

*a'+ene *a n%e(o-+ &"(+rno&t. N%e(o- ,oloa% o,t+en"$a + 2"%e(+ n"malo (a ne&,re#a-a 'a 'o&lo-no ,rat" ,roce'+r+. U &-a$o% eta,"/ Mla'"3 ,ot,"&+%e &-o%e *a4t%e-e/,ot-r)+%e ,r"m"ta$ o'l+$a/ o&ta-l%a &-o%+ o&o2n+ a're&+. Vo%n" o'%el *a'+en *a n%e(o-+&"(+rno&t ra&,+0ten %e " na,+0ta ne$o -r"%eme -o%arn+ + To,#"'er+. Sr,&$" ,rem"%er ZoranĐ"n'"3 *a,r"%et"o %e 'a 3e ,re&tat" +,la3"-an%e "* Sr2"%e + &a-e*n" 2+'et a$o no-ac 2+'e "'al%e +,otre2l%a-an *a nanc"ran%e Mla'"3e-a 2"%e(a. Al" +* Ko0t+n"#"n+ neo(ran"#en+,+nomo3/ arm"%a nala*" 'r+(e $anale nanc"ran%a. Je'"n"ca %e o'ma4 ,ono-no+&,o&ta-l%ena $ao &$+,"na 'o2ro-ol%aca/ ,la3en"4 "* -o%n"4 crn"4 <on'o-a.

1;!



Sl%e'e3"4 'ana Mla'"3 + &amom &rc+ 5eo(ra'a &la-" &-o% o'la*a$ + m"ro-"n+ + re&toran+

Doma Arm"%e/ ne0to n"e o' Tr(a Re,+2l"$e/ &a &+,r+(om " &tar"m 'r+(o-"ma. On " 'al%e,o&%e3+%e 5e-an'+ na 5ano-+ 2r'+. D-a'e&et ,r-o( o$to2ra ::. r+#a + M"lo0e-om$ona$+/ + #et-rt" Ko0+tn%a$/ na G:: metara *ra#ne l"n"%e o' re*"'enc"%e 0-"car&$o(-ele,o&lan"$a ('%e 7arla 'el Ponte ra*(o-ara & me)+naro'n"m '",lomat"ma na $ra%+&-o%e( ,o&%eta 5eo(ra'+. D-anae&to( marta ::!. ,rem"%er Zoran Đ"n'"3 +2"%en %e +&re''ana ,re' *(ra'om &r,&$e -la'e. Sr,&$a ,ol"c"%a *a,o#"n%e (olem+ ,ol"c"%&$+ a$c"%+. V"0eo' 4"l%a'+ o&o2a ,r"t-oreno %e 0"rom *eml%e. Ve3"nom &+ to #lano-" or(an"*"rano($r"m"nala. Al" +4"3en" &+ " 2"-0" 0e< M"lo0e-"3e-e ta%ne ,ol"c"%e Jo-"ca Stan"0"3 " n%e(o-a'e&na r+$a Fren$" "mato-"3. Mla'"3 ne el" r"&$"rat". S$lan%a &e na 5ean"%&$+ $o&+/ +,re'(ra)e 5eo(ra'a/ na ,+t+ "*me)+ &re'"0ta (ra'a " aero'roma/ + $+3+ %e'no((enerala + m"ro-"n". Zat"m $+,+%e ne$ol"$o %+tara *eml%e/ "*me)+ Val%e-a " Lo*n"ce/

ne'ale$o o' (ran"ce & 5o&nom/ ('%e ne$o -r"%eme +*(a%a ,#ele.

D+(o &+ *a,a'n%ac" o'2"%al" ,r"*nat" 'a Mla'"3 ,ot,+no ne$an%eno 2ora-" + Sr2"%". Ca$ "a$o &+ (a la$o mo(l" &+&re&t" + 5eo(ra'+. Ca$ " a$o &+ Zoran Đ"n)"3 " n%e(o-" m"n"&tr" tora'o ,ot-r)"-al". Al"/ &-a$" ,+t $a' "4 %e 7arla 'el Ponte ,o*"-ala na '%elo-an%e/ on" &+*a4t"%e-al" o,",l%"-e 'o$a*e. Tr"'e&eto( no-em2ra ::1. <ranc+&$" m"n"&tar o2rane Ala"nR"c4ar' ele3" ,o0te'%et" ,re'&%e'n"$a Ko0t+n"c+/ +nato# n%e(o-+ o'2"%an%+ &+ra'n%e &I7T8>em/ *a -r"%eme &+&reta + Par"*+ 'o2ac"o %e 7arl" 'el Ponte= A$o %e Mla'"3 'o"&ta +5eo(ra'+/ ,o$a"te nam n%e(o-+ <oto(ra%+. Mo%a 3e *eml%a "*-r0"t" ,r"t"&a$ $a' 2+'emo"mal" ,o+*'ane " ,ro-%erl%"-e 'o$a*e. A <ranc+&$" %e m"n"&tar 2"o +,ra-o ,r"m"o "*-%e0ta%(enerala P4"l",,ea Ron'ota/ *a,o-%e'n"$a &,ec"%aln"4 o,erac"%a/ $o%" ne o&ta-l%a -"0e

n"$a$-"4 &+mn%" o Mla'"3e-o% ,r"&+tno&t" + Sr2"%". Kra%em ::. ,r"%e&toln"ce ne mo(+ -"0ene("rat" o#"(le'no. Ota' &+ one ,r"&"l%ene -r0"t" ,r"t"&a$ na -la&t" $o%e ot-oreno"*2%e(a-a%+ *a$on/ o'2"%a%+3" "*-r0"t" me)+naro'n" nalo( *a +4"3en%e (enerala o,t+eno(*a (enoc"'.

=S&učaj 7ara%0i#>

U 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ -el"$e &"le o&ta%+ na &-o%"m ,o*"c"%ama. Po#et$om ::1. <ranc+&$e&l+2e t-r'e 'a &+ lo$al"*"rale Kara'"3a *a4-al%+%+3" +re)a%+ SP>a ,o&ta-l%enom ,o'a+tomo2"l %e'ne o' n%em+ 2l"&$"4 o&o2a. Al" o,erac"%a 4-atan%a ,on"0tena %e ,o*a,o-"%e'" Jac+e&a 74"raca %er 2" ona ,r"&"l"la <ranc+&$e $oman'o&e 'a ,r"%e)+ + &e$tor,o' amer"#$om $ontrolom. Na #el+ me)+naro'n"4 &na(a + 5o&n" 6SFOR9 amer"#$"(eneral Do'&on + %+l+ ::1. o2%a0n%a-a 7arl" 'el Ponte= N"&mo -"0e *a2r"n+t" 'a 3emomorat" ,retr,%et" (+2"t$e %er &+ na0" l%+'" -e3 'o2ro +-%e2an". Al" Kara'"3 +"-a &tat+&

1;B



%+na$a/ ,o&to%" o,a&no&t te0$e ,ol"t"#$e $r"*e + &l+#a%+ +4"3en%a. Unato# tome 0to %e

Sr2"%a "*r+#"la Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/ *a,a'n" '+no&n"c" t-r'o(la-o trae alternat"-eKara'"3e-+ +4"3en%+. No-a amer"#$a a'm"n"&trac"%a n"%e me)+t"m na0la n"0ta 2ol%e ne(o'a (a n"*om ,"&ama " &+&reta & n%e(o-om o2"tel%" mol" 'a &e ,re'a. P"erre R"c4ar'Pro&,er/ no-" amer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ *a'+en *a ,"tan%a me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a/ ,"0e1B. 'ecem2ra ::1. L%"l%an" Kara'"3 'a %e na(o-or" 'a ,o*o-e &-o%e( &+,r+(a na,re'a%+= o&,o)o Kara'"3/ ,re'a%a -a0e( &+,r+(a Ha(+ ne"*2%ena %e/ al" moe "*a2rat"na#"n na $o%" 3e tamo ot"3". 5"lo 2" + "ntere&+ -a0e o2"tel%" " on"4 $o%" %e o$r++%+ 'a &e ta,re'a%a -r0" + ,ot,+no% &"(+rno&t" " 'o&to%an&t-+/ a ne o,erac"%om + $o%o% 2" on "l" 'r+("mo(l" 2"t" ran%en". Um%e&to 'a +*m"#e o' Me)+naro'no( &+'a/ -a0 2" &e &+,r+( morao,re'at" " 2ran"t" &-o% &ta- ,re' S+'om. T"me 2" ola$0ao " teret $o%" ,r"t"03e n%e(o-+ o2"tel%" n%e(o-e ,r"&ta0e $o%"/ + ,rot"-nom &l+#a%+/ r"&$"ra%+ ,o&l%e'"ce ,ra-n"4 " nanc"%&$"4a$c"%a $o%e 3e &e ,o'+*et" ,rot"- n%"4. I&to ta$o +$lon"o 2" " ,re,re$+ ra*-o%+ Re,+2l"$eSr,&$e " omo(+3"o %o% 'a ,o&tane o'(o-oran " ,ro&,er"tetan element 5o&ne "Herce(o-"ne. el"o 2"4 &e &+&re&t" & -ama 'a ra*(o-aramo o ,oloa%+ -a0e( &+,r+(a.Mo(ao 2"4 2"t" + 5o&n"

1;G



:. "l" 1. 'ecem2ra. orl%"-o -am ,re,or+#+%em 'a "&$or"&t"te o-+ ,r"l"$+.

Pro&,er n"%e +&,"o 'o(o-or"t" &a&tana$. U %an+ar+ ::. o'la*" + 7rn+ or+ 'a 2"na(o-or"o Kara'"3e-+ ma%$+ Jo-an$+. Stara 7rno(or$a ne 'o,+0ta 'a %o% ,ro'a%e ma(l+.Vele,o&lan"$ ta'a ,r"%et" L+$"/ 2%e(+n#e-+ 2rat+/ 'a 3e m+ +(ro*"t" ,o&lo-e. L+$aKara'"3 ,o&%e'+%e ne$ol"$o 2en*"n&$"4 cr,$" " t-orn"c+ -o3n"4 &o$o-a. U$"'a%+ m+"&,or+$+ (or"-a/ al" on ne ,o,+0ta. Zat"m " amer"#$" (eneral S-l-e&ter/ $o%" ,re+*"ma*a,o-%e'n"0t-o SFOR>a/ ,"0e L%"l%an" Kara'"3 &a-%et+%+3" %o% + "ntere&+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 'ana(o-or" &+,r+(a 'a &e ,re'a. S+,r+(a o'(o-ara (eneral+ S-l-e&ter+ B. %+na ::.=Je'"no 0to me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca moe +#"n"t" %e&t 'a ,o-+#e o,t+2+. I na(la0a-a=Mo% %e &+,r+( +-"%e$ ,o0t"-ao &-a$" (entleman& a(reement/ 0to 2" -" moral" *nat".

Ta$o)er/ &-" &+ +-%et" "&,+n%en" 'a on ,o&tane &lo2o'an #o-%e$. Sl%e'e3"4 m%e&ec"/ -"0e

*a,a'n"4 "*a&lan"$a o2e3a-a 7arl" 'el Ponte mo(+3+ ,re'a%+ Kara'"3a a$o &e o'+&taneo' o,t+2e *a (enoc"' -e*an +* Sre2ren"c+. Za,a'ne -la'e trae "*la* al" 'o2ro ,a*e 'a&ame ne <orm+l"ra%+ ta$a- *a4t%e-.

Prema "&,o-"%e&t" &tr+#n%a$a *a to ,o'r+#%e/ + 'e&et (o'"na 2"la &+ &amo tr" ,o$+0a%aKara'"3e-a +4"3en%a. S-a tr" &+ o2%a-l%ena. Do &-"4 %e 'o0lo ::. (o'"ne $a' %e + Ha(+*a,o#elo &+)en%e M"lo0e-"3+/ $a' &+ -el"$e &"le tra"le o' I7T8>a 'a 0to 2re 'o-r0" &-o%,o&ao. Pr-a %e o,erac"%a *a,o#ela . <e2r+ara + Cele2"3"ma/ &el+ ne'ale$o o' Fo#e/ +

%+(o"&to#nom '"%el+ 5o&ne. D-a &+ 'ana $ont"n(ent" NATO>a ,retra"-al" ta% &e$tor.Kara'"3 n"%e tamo. A on" to *na%+. Al" &+/ %o0 %e'nom/ amer"#$" #a&n"c" & -"&o$"m #"no-"mao,t+"l" %e'no( <ranc+&$o( -o%n"$a 'a %e ,ot$o,ao o,erac"%+ +,o*or"-0" na -r"%emeKara'"3a. Franc+&$a -la'a 'emant"ra/ (la-n" ta%n"$ NATO>a 5r"tanac Lor' Ro2ert&on/

ta$o)er. O&amnae&to( marta ::. amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ 7ol"n Po?ell o2e3a-a 7arl" 'elPonte= SAD ne3e ,re&tat" *a4t"%e-at" +4"3en%e Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. U V"%e3+ nac"onalne&"(+rno&t" 6NS79/ $o%e %e ta'a -o'"la 7on'ole**a R"ce/ &tr+#n%ac" %o% o2%a0n%a-a%+= Mol"mo-a& 'a nam o,ro&t"te 0to &mo -am o2e3al" Kara'"3a ,r"%e no-em2ra ::1. Je'anae&t"&e,tem2ar ,oremet"o %e na0 ,ro(ram. I,a$/ na$on to(a &mo ,ono-no ,roc"%en"l" &"t+ac"%+" ,ot-r'"l"/ *a%e'no & na0"m &a-e*n"c"ma/ -ano&t 'a &ta-"mo Kara'"3a "*a 2ra-e.Pono-no &mo -rlo a$t"-n". D-"%e o,erac"%e $o%e %e ,o$ren+o SFOR ,ro,ale &+/ al" one &+nam ,o&l+"le $ao "*-r&na (eneralna ,ro2a. Po%a#al" &mo ,r"t"&a$ " &-e -"0e m+otea-amo "-ot.

Do 'r+("4 '-"%+ o,erac"%a 'o0lo %e l%et"/ + Palama/ a *at"m + Fo#". To &+ 2"le o,erac"%e *a

%a-n+ +,otre2+ %e'ne -o%ne &+,er&"le o$rn%ene re,+tac"%e/ "l" %o0 nemarn"%"4 *a,a'n"4'+no&n"$a #"%a %e o'&+tno&t -ol%e &-e &+mn%"-"%a. One &+ ta$o)er o,omena +,+3enaKara'"3+ $o%"/ ,o-remeno 'ola*" + ,retraene &e$tore. O,omene 'a &e ,re'a "l" 'a,re&tane +t%ecat" na ,ol"t"#$" " (o&,o'ar&$" "-ot &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n" O-e o,erac"%e/

1;;



+ &-a$om &l+#a%+/ omo(+3a-a%+ *a,l%en+ 'o$+menata #"%" &"3+0an '"o/ nera'o ,re'an

T+"tel%&t-++ Ha(+/ 'a%e mno(o ,o%e'"no&t" o "nten*"-no% a$t"-no&t" ne-"'l%"-o( #o-%e$a.

Pr"%e&toln"ce t-r'e 'a &e o2r+# &tee. eneral J. S-l-e&ter 1. a,r"la ::. +-%era-a 7arl+'el Ponte 'a ra&,olae na%2ol%"m amer"#$"m &na(ama na &-">%et+ $a$o 2" *aro2"oKara'"3a. I 'o'a%e 'a %e -e3 ,otro0eno 1 m"l"ona 'o>lara + o,erac"%ama traen%a ",&"4olo0$"m o,erac"%ama +&m%eren"ma ,rema lo$alnom %a-nom mn"%en%+. Ne$ol"$ot%e'ana ,o&l"%e t-r'" 'a &e ,r"2l"a-a%+ Kara'"3+ " 'a (a #a$ mo(+ #+t" $a$o '"0e.Kao Lo+"&e Ar2o+r/ " 7arla 'el Ponte &+mn%a + -ol%+ -el"$"4 &"la. D-anae&to( marta ::.na $ra%+ ,o&%ete '%elatnom (la-nom &toer+ NATO>a + St+tt(art+/ ona na,om"n%e +&-o%"m o&o2n"m 2"l%e0$ama= On" &+ o2man%"-a#"/ re$l" &+ 'a ele +4"3en%a... I*(le'a%+

%a$o +-%eren"/ al" &la2o ra'e. S-a$"4 0e&t m%e&ec" 'ola*" 'o &m%ene t"mo>-a. Nema&+ra'n%e. Ne &m"%+ &e ,ra-"t" 2"l%e0$e 6*a -r"%eme &a&tan$a/ o,. a.9 n" o'n"%et" &a &o2om&4eme " (ra$on" $o%e &+ m" 'al" na <ranc+&$ome. L%+2a*n" &+/ al" (l+,".

Ka$o 2" &e *a,a'n%ac" ,re&tal" "(rat" &$r"-a#a & ,o#"n"tel%"ma (enoc"'a/ 7arla 'el Ponteel" &t-or"t" -la&t"t" t"m *a tra(an%e. U &e,tem2r+ ::1. tra"la %e #et"r" 'o'atna m%e&ta +2+'et+ *a ::. Al"/ + 'ecem2r+ SAD ,o*"-a na &man%en%e 2+'eta. Je'anae&t"&e,tem2ar "*m"%en"o %e n%"4o-e ,r"or"tete o2%a0n%a-a%+ on" trae3" o' Tr"2+nala 'a &e 0to,r"%e ,o*a2a-" "*la*nom &trate("%om. 7arla 'el Ponte ne 'o2"-a n" %e'no 'o'atnom%e&to. Ona &e o'l+#+%e &na3" &re'&t-"ma $o%"ma ra&,olae " o're)+%e ne$ol"$o &,o&o2n"4o2a-%e0ta%aca me)+ &-o%"m "&tra"tel%"ma. Po#et$om ::. +n+tar T+"tel%&t-a na&tala %e

%e'"n"ca *a'+ena *a lo$al"*"ran%e $r"m"nalaca + 2"%e(+ " +&$la)"-an%e lo-a na Kara'"3a "

Mla'"3a. No ona n"%e o-la0tena *a 4-atan%e 2%e(+naca. Na"me/ -el"$e &"le n"&+ n"$a'ao'(o-or"le na ,ono-l%ene a,ele &+'aca " t+"tel%a $o%" &+ &l"%e'"l" %e'an *a 'r+("m 'a &e<orm"ra (r+,a me)+naro'ne &+'&$e ,ol"c"%e. Ta$o %e Tr"2+nal/ $a' %e r"%e# o +4"3en%"m "o,3en"to &+ra'n%"/ o&tao o-"&an o 'o2ro% -ol%" 'ra-a. To% %e'"n"c"/ na*"-ano% trac$"n(teatr"/ + ,o#et$+ %e na #el+ 2"o ,+$o-n"$ <ranc+&$e an'armer"%e Ramon' Carter/ $o%e(a

%e ::G. *am"%en"o %e'an 5r"tanac.

1;



Tra(a#$a %e'"n"ca +&,%ela %e lo$al"*"rat" ,etnae&ta$ 2%e(+naca/ al" n%e*"n+ %e +#"n$o-"to&t

o*2"l%no +(ro*"lo o'2"%an%e *emal%a NATO>a/ o&o2"to 5r"tanaca " Amer"$anaca/ 'a ,ot-r'e"l" ,o2"%+ ,o'at$e $o%e &+ 'o2"l" o' tra(a#a I7>T8>a/ #"me &+ *natno omele "l" &,r"%e#"le,roc%en+ "*-ora. L%+'" 7arle 'el Ponte ,o$+0al" &+ na teren+ ra'"t" & na%mot"-"ran"%"mlo$aln"m &tano-n"c"ma. U 5o&n" &+ &+ra)"-al" & M+n"rom Al"2a2"3em/ 2"-0"m a(entom

%+(o&la-en&$"4 &l+2" $o%" %e ,o&tao 0e< o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e 4r-at&$o>2o&an&$o( ent"teta/" $o%e(a/ & ,ra-om "l" ne/ na*"-a%+ 2al$an&$"m S"monom "e&ent4alom. Imeno-ala (a %enenac"onal"&t"#$a -la'a/ "ma mree '"l%em *eml%e " el%e*n+ -ol%+ 'a ,o0al%e Kara'"3a +Ha( $a$o 2" o'(o-arao *a &-o%e *lo#"ne. Al" #"m &+ ,o#el" *a%e'no ra'"t"/ Pa''- A&4'o?n/#o-%e$ $o%" %e $oncem ma%a ::. +*eo + r+$e +*'e me)+naro'ne a'm"n"&trac"%e + 5o&n"/&m%en%+%e (a. 5r"tanac/ $o%e( &+ 5o&anc" -e3 ,ro*-al" ,ro$on*+l/ -e*"r "l" #a$ Pa'',a0a/ &m%en%+%e ,+nom ,arom/ a to %e + n%e(o-o% mo3".

Da 2" o,ra-'ao &-o%+ o'l+$+/ A&4'o--n ,r","&+%e M+n"r+ Al"2a2"3+ ,o$+0a% 'ra-no(+'ara. O,t++%e (a 'a %e or(an"*"rao c+ren%e ,o'ata$a "* "*-%e0ta%a $o%" m+ %e 2"onar+#en o -e*ama "*me)+ 2o0n%a#$e nac"onal"&t"#$e &tran$e SDA/ ,o2%e'n"$a na"*2or"ma/ " lo$alne ma%e/ + L%"l%an+/ 'ne-n"$+ 2l"&$om SDA. A&4'o?n ne ,r"lae n"$a$a-'o$a* al"/ &re'"nom o$to2ra ::./ "*n+)+%e ,o'r0$+ -ele,o&lan"$a -el"$"4 &"la + Sara%e-+,r"l"$om %e'no( $rat$o( &a&tan$a. Prot"-" &e &amo Franc+&$a. A&4'o?n ,rela*" ,re$o to(a" &+tra'an Al"2a2"3 'o2"-a ot$a*/ +* *a2ran+ 'a *a+*me 2"lo $a$-+ %a-n+ <+n$c"%+.O,omen+t 'a na,+&t" +re' + ro$+ %e'no( &ata/ nema -remena n" 'o-r0"t" &-o% ,o&l%e'n%""*-%e0ta% o Kara'"3e-+ $retan%+ $o%" mora ,re'at" 7arl" 'el Ponte/ $o%a to( ,o,o'ne-atre2a &t"3" + Sara%e-o.

Al"2a2"3 n"%e &+ra)"-ao &amo & tra(a#"ma 7arle 'el Ponte. On %e &lao &-o%e "n<ormac"%e "SFOR>+ " mo(ao %e +t-r'"t" n%e(o-o ,oman%$an%e "ntere&a/ a ,one$a' #a$ " o'2"%an%e 'a,ro-%er" tra(o-e. Al"2a2"3 %e "mao -el"$+ ,re'no&t ,re' &-o%"m *a,a'n"m $ole(ama.Pr"2a-l%ao %e "n<ormac"%e $o%e &+ "*-r(a-ale -el"$e &"le r+(l+ " ,o$a*"-ale n%"4o-+'-ol"#no&t. Al" A&4'o?n %e "mao 'r+(" ra*lo( 'a 2r*o o'2ac" to( 5o0n%a$a. Ure' 7arle 'elPonte +,ra-o %e &$+,"o &re'&t-a/ 1G: ::: e+ra/ *a nanc"ran%e 4a%$e na Kara'"3a $a$one 2" -"0e o-"&"o o *a,a'n%ac"ma. Pr-" '"o %e -e3 2"o +,la3en Al"2a2"3+ 'a ,lat" &-o%e'o+0n"$e. 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc" 'o#+l" &+ *a ta% ta%n" &,ora*+m. 5e* &+mn%e *2o( c+ren%a+ $r"l+ Tr"2+nala ('%e %e %e'an 2ro% o&o2a "* T+"tel%&t-a "l" "* a'm"n"&trac"%e 2"o +,+3en +&t-ar $a$o 2" &e -rlo tran&,arentno +,ra-l%alo ,o&e2n"m <on'o-"ma " ,re2ac"-an%emno-ca + 5o&n+. M%e&ec 'ana ,o&l"%e Pa''- A&4'o--n ne"*ra-no ,r"*na%e -e*+ "*me)+

Al"2a2"3e-a ot,+0tan%a " 4a%$e na Kara'"3a. Ja &am (a o,o*-ao %er %e ra'"o *a <ranc+&$e&l+2e " o'2"%ao %e &+ra'"-at" & 2r"tan&$"m &l+2ama/ ,o-%era-a %o% + Sara%e-+ 1.no-em2ra ::. I na'o'ao %e 'a 2" to ,ot-r'"o= N"%e -am mo(ao ,omo3" %er 6(eneral/o,. a.9 Ron'ot: " n%e(o-" +-"%e$/ ,a " + no-"%e -r"%eme/ r+0e &-e ,o$+0a%e 4-atan%a Ra>

1;



'o-ana Kara'"3a. Te0$o %e t+"tel%+ I7T8>a + tom (n"%e*'+ ,re,re'en%a$a

,re,o*nat" &-o%e &a-e*n"$e.Unato# (la&+ 'o2ro( ,o*na-aoca 5al$ana/ +#"n$o-"to( " -rlo moralno( #o-%e$a/ $o%" %e&te$ao t"%e$om (o'"na o,t++%+3" na%o'(o-orn"%e *a &-o%"4 ,+to-an%a + -r"%eme rata +5o&n" " na Ko&o-+ " *at"m ne$ol"$o (o'"na ,o&l"%e $a' %e 'ola*"o &-%e'o#"t" *a o,t+2+ namno("m &+)en%"ma ,re' I7T8>em 65la0$"3/ M"lo0e-"3/ 5r)an"n9/ Pa''- A&4'o?n o're'"o %e&e2" c"l%e-e $o%" &+ + &+$o2+ & m"&"%om Tr"2+nala. On -+#e $once/ "(ra &e ,ol"t"#$"4 &a-e*ame)+ lo$aln"m nac"onal"&t"ma " ,r"ma &amo + &ta$lenom $a-e*+/ &m%e0tenom +,r"*eml%+

: eneral P4"l",,e Ron'ot 2"o %e &a-%etn"$ *a o2a-%e0ta-an%e " &,ec"%alne o,erac"%e ,r"<ranc+&$om m"n"&tar&t-+ O2rane o' 1. 'o ::G. U tom (a %e &-o%&t-+ ,re'&%e'n"$ 74"rac 1.

*a'+"o *a lona ratne *lo#"nce.

1;



*(ra'e OHR>a/ +re'a -"&o$o( ,re'&ta-n"$a/ + #et-rt" r2a-"ca + &re'"0t+ Sara%e-a. N"t$o

ne moe + n%e(a +3" a$o ne o&ta-" mo2"tel na +la*+. Ka-e* %e ,ot,+no ne,ro2o%an *a,r"&l+0$"-an%e " mora ta$a- o&tat". I 'o$ & 7arlom 'el Ponte ra*(o-ara/ ,r"m%er"ce/ oAl"2a2"3e-+ ,"tan%+/ 2"-0" el"tn" -o%n"$ N%e*"na Vel"#an&t-a/ moe %o% 2e* +-"%an%a re3" 'a5r"tanc" ne3e n"$a'a 'o,+&t"t" Franc+*"ma ,r-en&t-o na ,o'r+#%+ o2a-%e0ta-an%a + 5o&n"" Herce(o-"n". On" +"-a%+ ,o'r0$+ Amer"$anaca $o%" ne (le'a%+ & o'o2ren%em n%e*"n+tra(a#$+ %e'"n"c+ $o%+ -o'" %e'an Franc+*. U mart+ ::!. amer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ *a ratne*lo#"ne P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er to %o% ta$o)er 'a%e na *nan%e (oto-o "*ra-n"m r"%e#"ma= V""mate na teren+ l%+'e $o%" &-"ma ,o&ta-l%a%+ mno0t-o ,"tan%a. T$o &+ on"/ 0to on" 4o3e

Rat $o%" &a-e*n"c" *a,o#"n%+ "*a $+l"&a "*(le'alo %e 'a 3e 2"t" + r+$a-"cama/ al" on %ec"n#an " nem"lo&r'an. Ta &+,arn"0t-a/ a ,r"or" *a&tar%ela/ #"ne 'a me)+naro'n" o'no&"

nal"$+%+ ,art"%" "(re R"*"$ + $o%o% &+ &-" n"&$" +'arc" 'o,+0ten". Re*+ltat= &a-e*n"c"><ranc+&$"/ 2r"tan&$" " amer"#$" >me)+&o2no &e +4o'e/ 2aca%+ %e'an 'r+(ome $l",o-e ,o'no(e/ o'2"%a%+ &+ra)"-at"/ a ,one$a' " $om+n"c"rat". a&4"n(ton " Lon'on ne ,re&ta%+&+mn%"#"t" Franc+&$+ 'a &l"%e'" &amo&talne ,ol"t"#$e ,lano-e " o,t++%+ %e 'a ne '"%el"&-o%e "n<ormac"%e. U 5o&n"/ $ao +o&talom " + &-"%et+/ Franc+&$a n"malo ne na&to%" ,ono-no*a'o2"t" ,o-%eren%e &-o%"4 ,artnera. Ona ne ,o$+0a-a n" ,re+*et" "n"c"%at"-+. O&ta%e,a&"-na "a$o + 5o&n"/ $ao " na -e3"n" -an%&$"4 o,erat"-n"4 ,o*orn"ca/ %e'na o' *emal%a$o%e 'a%+ na%-"0e &na(a *a o'ra-an%a m"ra. Ka' &+ <ranc+&$o>amer"#$" o'no&" 'o&e(l"ta#$+ ,re$"'a na$on o'2"%an%a Franc+&$e/ ,o#et$om ::!./ 'a ,o'r" -o%n+ "nter-enc"%+ +Ira$+/ Par"* ne ,o$+0a-a 'o-e&t" a&4"n(ton " Lon'on + ne,r"l"$+ 4-ata%+3" o'-o%enoma$c"%om Kara'"3a $o%" " 'al%e 'ola*" + <ranc+&$" &e$tor. Da %e Franc+&$a el%ela 'o$a*at"

,re-rtl%"-o&t SAD>a/ *a 0to (a &talno o,t++%e/ ta'a %e "mala &a-r0en+ ,r"l"$+.Pr"ro'no/ al" ,ol"t"#$" $r4$o &a-e*n"0t-o "*me)+ tr"%+ -el"$"4 &"la ,o$a*+%e &e na $ra%+ot,orn"%"m ne(o 0to %e "*(le'alo. Jer &-e tr" +%e'"n%ene &+ + "&tom o'2"%an%+ 'aKara'"3e-a +4"3en%a.

a&4"n(ton " Lon'on ,r"$a*al" &+ ,o#et$om ::!. reor(an"*ac"%+ SFOR>a " ,rera&,o'%el+*eml%o,"&n"4 &e$tora na'leno&t" $ao +#"n$o-"t o'(o-or na <ranc+&$+ o,&tr+$c"%+ +4-atan%+ Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a. Sa' $a' moemo '%elo-at" 2e* Franc+*a/ $a' &mo ,o#el"ra*2"%at" mre+ $o%a nanc"ra Ka>ra'"3e-+ *a0t"t+/ "*(le'" 'a (a +4-at"mo realn" &+/"*%a-l%+%+ -"&o$" amer"#$" '+no&n"c" + a,r"l+ ::!. Par"*/ na,rot"-/ &matra 'a ta o'l+$a,ot$o,a-a ra' n%e*"n"4 o2a-%e0ta%n"4 a(enata ra&,ore)en"4 na teren+/ a &a'a 'en"t"-no

+$lon%en"4 & Pala " "* &r,&$"4 &re'"na $o%e on" na%2ol%e ,o*na%+. Za,ra-o/ n"0ta &e nem"%en%a. 11. no-em2ra ::!. Kara'"3 moe m"rno 'o3" na Pale/ na &-o%e o2"tel%&$o 'o2ro" ,o&a'"t"/ ,rema &r,&$o% tra'"c"%"/ &ta2lo. Te %e (o'"ne o'a2rao tre0n%+. U a&4"n(ton+ %e/m%e&ec 'ana ,r"%e/ amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ 7ol"n Po?ell re$ao 7arl" 'el Ponte= Ne mo(+

1:



-am o'(o-or"t". Ne 2"4 -am *nao re3" *a0to (a ne +&,"%e-a%+ lo$al"*"rat" "l"/ $a' (a na)+/

+4"t"t" U4"3en%e Sa'ama H+&e"na/ 1!. 'ecem2ra ::!./ 'e-et m%e&ec" na$on amer"#$e"nter-enc"%e + Ira$+/ -ra3a I7T8>+ -el"$+ na'+. Da$le/ mo(+3e %e/ $a' "ma 'o-ol%no -ol%e "&re'&ta-a/ +4-at"t" %e'no( 2"-0e( 0e<a 'ra-e/ $o%" %o0 +-"%e$ ra&,olae mreama ,o'r0$e+ &-o%o% *eml%". Al" +2r*o &e ,o$a*+%e 'a +4"3en%a ne ,re'&ta-l%a%+ ne,remo&t"-e,ro2leme $a' %e -el"$"m &"lama + "ntere&+ ,o&t"3" o&+'+ o&+mn%"#eno(a. O&o2"to $a'"ma%+ &-+ &lo2o'+ + $ontrol"ran%+ &+'&$o( ,roce&a.

Do$ &+ &e &l"$e Sa'ama H+&e"na/ "*-+#eno( "* %ame/ ne,re&tano -rt%ele name)+naro'n"m tele-"*"%ama/ Kara'"3 *na 'a &e nema #e(a 2o%at". Pro0lo %e ne$ol"$ot%e'ana 'a &+ m+ 2r"tan&$e &l+2e ,r"0le 2l"*+ $a$o 2" (a ,o$+0ale +-%er"t" 'a &e ,re'a "l"'a na,+&t" 5o&n+. An(a"ran" na no-"m <ronto-"ma/ Amer"$anc" ele ,o-+3" -e3"n+ &-o%"4

tr+,a "* 5o&ne " o&ta-"t" &am"m E+ro,l%an"ma *a'ata$ 'a o&"(+ra-a%+ -o%n+ na*o#no&t +*eml%". Ta &e o'l+$a mora 'on"%et" na -r4+ NATO>a + I&tan2+l+ &l%e'e3e( %+na. No/E+ro,l%an" &+ %a&no 'al" 'o *nan%a 'a on" ne3e ,re+*et" 2a$l%+ 'o$ ,"tan%e Kara'"3a ne2+'e r"%e0eno. Da/ to %e +-%et "/ + &-a$om &l+#a%+/ Amer"$anc" ne3e ot"3" 'o$ ne 2+'+mo(l" re3"= M"&"%a %e "*-r0ena/ ,ot-r)+%e Ja-"er Solana/ (la-n" ta%n"$ V"%e3a E+ro,&$eUn"%e/ 1!. o$to2ra ::!. *a %e'no( &+&reta & 7arlom 'el Ponte + L+$&em2+r(+. Pot$ra%::!. + ,omo3 %e ,o*-an Pa''- A&4'o?n. 5"-0" -o)a 2r"tan&$e l"2eralne &tran$e ,o*na%eKara'"3a/ a " &a&tao &e & n%"m -"0e ,+ta 1. " 1!. *a -r"%eme &-o%"4 ,+to-an%a +5o&n+. O&"m to(a/ 2l"*a$ %e " MI; $o%" %e ta'a or(an"*"rao n%"4 &+&ret + 5o&n". 5arem ta$ot-r'" '-"%e (o'"ne ,o&l"%e 0e< n%ema#$e '",lomac"%e. Jo&c4$a F"&c4er ,o-%era-a 7arl" 'elPonte ,o#et$om ::;. 'a %e ,re$o &-o%"4 &l+2" 'o2"o 'o$a*e o tome ta%nom &+&ret+.

N%ema#$a o'2"%a 'at" te 'o$a*e +nato# +,orno&t" t+"tel%"ce $o%a 2" &e 4t%ela n%"ma,o&l+"t" 'a "*-r0" ,r"t"&a$ na *a,a'n%a$e.

11



A&4'o?n ne +&,"%e-a +-%er"t" Kara'"3a 'a na,+&t" re("%+ n" 'a &e ,re'a. MI; ,o$+0a

&l%e'e3"4 m%e&ec" "*-r0"t" ,r"t"&a$ na n%e(o-e na%2l"e &a-e*n"$e. Al" +4"3en%e %e +-"%e$"&$l%+#eno. Me)+t"m/ ,o#et$om ::B. %a-l%a%+ &e tr" no-e *latne ,r"l"$e. Po#et$om

%an+ara/ ,re'&%e'n"$ &r,&$o( ent"teta Dra(an Ca-"3 " ,re'&%e'n"$ S$+,0t"ne 2o&an&$"4Sr2a Dra(an Kal"n"3/ o2o%"ca + +,ra-" SDS>a/ &r,&$e nac"onal"&t"#$e &tran$e $o%+ %eKara'"3 o&no-ao +o#" rata/ ,re,"r+ &e o tome $a$-+ ,ol"t"$+ tre2a -o'"t". Kal"n"3/ $o%" ne+&,"%e-a +ra*+m"t" 7a-"3a/ na,om"n%e= /Ja 3+ (o-or"t" & Ra'o-anom %er on %e %o0 +-"%e$0e<. Kal"n"3 ta'a $onta$t"ra %e'no( o' &-o%"4 2"-0"4 t%ele&n"4 #+-ara $o%" %e ,re0ao +Kara'"3e-+ &l+2+. 5ata Te0"3 o2"#no &l+" $ao (la&n"$ " nala*" &e na Palama. 5"%e&an/Ca-"3 o2a-%e0ta-a o tome &na(e NATO>a. Amer"$anc" ne ra*matra%+ &ta-l%an%e Te0"3a ,o'na'*or $a$o 2" "4 'o-eo 'o Kara'"3a. On" 1:. %an+ara na Palama +4"3+%+ Te0"3a.O,erac"%a %e me'"%"ma ,r"$a*ana $ao ,o$+0a% Kara'"3e-a +4"3en%a/ 'o'+0e ne+&,%ela/ al"

$o%" %e omo(+3"o &te*an%e mree= Te0"3a &+ "&,"tal" " Kara'"3 3e +&$oro 2"t" +4"3en.le'ane "*-ana/ -el"$e &"le "*(le'a%+ na,o$on ,o-e*ane. S-e -e3" ,r"t"&a$ $o%" -r0e $a$o2" +-%er"le I7T8 'a 0to ,r"%e *at-or" &-o%a -rata "*(le'a $ao 'a na(la0a-a 4"tno&tKara'"3e-a +4"3en%a.

No to n"%e ta$o. Jer Kara'"3 %e ta'a + 5eo(ra'+. I +,ra-o %e + 'r+0t-+ Dra(ana Kal"n"3a,r"%e ne$ol"$o 'ana ,re0ao (ran"c+. Kara'"3 &e/ na"me/ morao ,o'-r(n+t" $"r+r0$o%"nter-enc"%". N%e(o- 'ola*a$ +*nem"r+%e one $o%" &+ o2e3al" 'a 3e 2ran"t" na&l"%e)eĐ"n)"3a/ +2"%eno( 'o$ %e ra'"o na "*(ra'n%" e+ro,&$e 2+'+3no&t" &-o%e *eml%e. On" ele+4"t"t" Kara'"3a ,r"%e ne(o 0to +&t+,e m%e&to Vo%"&la-+ Ko0t+n"c" $o%" &e ,r",rema<orm"rat" -la'+ &a &tran$ama M"lo0e-"3a " e0el%a/ o2o%"ce na &+)en%+ + Ha(+. Mla'"3 %e

,o' -o%nom *a0t"tom " n"t$o ne el" ,re+*et" r"*"$ &+$o2l%a-an%a & -o%&$om. Al" on" %o0ne$ol"$o t%e'ana $ontrol"ra%+ ,ol"c"%+ " mo(+ +4"t"t" Kara'"3a. D-a'e&et o&mo( %an+ara::B. 7arla 'el Ponte %e o2a-"%e0tena o &ta-l%an%+ Kara'"3a ,o' ,ol"c"%&$" na'*or " on%e(o-+ &$orom +4"3en%+/ -%ero-atno ,r"%e $onca 'ana. Sr2" ,o*"-a%+ + ,omo3 Franc+&$+'a o&"(+ra ,r"%e-o* 'o Ha(a. Na -el"$o ne*a'o-ol%&t-o Amer"$anaca $o%" "nter-en"ra%+ $o'Sr2a 'a o2+&ta-e o,erac"%+. I*me)+ te '-"%e *eml%e 'ola*" 'o ne&+(la&"ca na$on,rot"-l%en%a Franc+&$e amer"#$o% "nter-enc"%" + Ira$+. Al" n"t$o +"&t"n+ ne *na %e&+ l" ta&+,arn"0t-a 2"la ra*lo( na,+0tan%a o,erac"%e "l" &amo "*(o-or. P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er'ola*" &+tra'an + Ha(. On to #a$ " ne &,om"n%e. Vele,o&lan&t-o S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4Dra-a + 5eo(ra'+ -e3 %e o2a-"%e&t"lo 7arl+ 'el Ponte 'a %e ta ,r"#a ,ot,+no "*m"0l%ena/'a %e &r,&$+ "n"c"%at"-+ ,+&t"o + o,t%eca% %e'an -"&o$" '+no&n"$ ,o' +t%eca%em al$o4ola

Pro&,er t-r'" 'a &e o2r+# &tee + 5o&n". N" r"%e#" o Kara'"3e-o% ,r"&+tno&t" + 5eo(ra'+.7arla 'el Ponte ,r"t"03e (a + ra*(o-or+ + #et"r" o$a. Sna)"te &e 'a +4-at"te Mla'"3a "Kara'"3a. Ja ne el"m *nat" 0to &e %+#er 'o(o'"lo %er m" &-" la+. Al" %a el"m o2o%"c+.Kara'"3 %e %o0 +-"%e$ + 5eo(ra'+/ n"%e ,re$a&no 'a &e '%el+%e. Pro&,er *a4t"%e-a 'a &e

1



&a-%et+%e &a &-o%om -la'om. I* a&4"n(tona ,o*"-a 7arl+ 'el Ponte !1. %an+ara ::B. 'a

%o% $ae $a$o %e 'o2"o ,o'r0$+. No Amer"$anc" &e ne ,o$re3+. Dr+(o( <e2r+ara-ele,o&lan"$ S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a + 5eo(ra'+ "ll"am Mont(omer- +-%era-a +&r,&$"m me'"%"ma 'a %e n%e(o-a -la'a *a'o-ol%na &+ra'n%om 5eo(ra'a & I7T8>em $o%a 3e&e/ $ae on/ *a-r0"t" Mla'"3e-"m " Kara'"3e-"m "*r+#"-an%em. 7arla 'el Ponte "'e %o0'al%e . <e2r+ara + 5r+Qelle&+ $a' "*%a-l%+%+%e no-"nar"ma 'a %e Kara'"3 + 5eo(ra'+.Solana +*-ra3a= A$o %e to "&t"na/ "mamo o*2"l%an ,ro2lem. Amer"$anc" %o% ne o,ra0ta%+ta% "n'"re$tn" ,r"t"&a$ ,re$o me'"%e. Ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,re$"'a%+ &-a$+ $om+n"$ac"%+ &a-"car$om " n%e*"n"m +re'om.

D-a'e&eto( <e2r+ara ::B. +4o'e 7arle Del Ponte ,ono-no &+ na0le Kara'"3e-etra(o-e + 5o&n". Ot"0ao %e "* 5eo(ra'a " ,ro-o'" ne$ol"$o 'ana o,ora-l%a%+3" &e + $+3"

&m%e0teno% na &amo ne$ol"$o $"lometara o' (ran"ce &a Sr2"%om/ + &el+ Zao-"ne. Po*nato"m %e "me -la&n"$a " *na%+ 'a 3e 2%e(+nac tamo ,ro-e&t" no3. Ta %e o2a-"%e&t o'ma4,rene&ena *a,o-%e'n"$+ SFOR>a + Sara%e-+. Ne$ol"$o &at" ,o&l"%e 4el"$o,ter na'l"%e3e to,o'r+#%e +,o*ora-a%+3" ta$o Kara'"3a.

T"%e$om c"%ele %e'ne (o'"ne/ 7arla 'el Ponte ,ot,+no (+2" tra( Kara'"3+. Pot$ra%'ecem2ra ::B. SFOR &e ,o-la#" "* 5o&ne. N%e(a *am%en%+%+ e+ro,&$e &na(e/ EUFOR.S-e'en na &e'am 4"l%a'a l%+'"/ EUFOR ne na&l%e)+%e o-la&t" *a +4"3en%e o,t+en"$a +2"%e(+. E+ro,l%an" &+ o'2"l" ,re+*et" &m%en+ ra'"%e ,re,+0ta%+3" NATO>+ o'(o-orno&t *an%e(o- ne+&,%e4. Sl+2eno/ Atlant&$" &a-e* %e %o0 +-"%e$ *a'+en *a +4"3en%e 4a0$"4o,t+en"$a. On 'r" + 5o&n" '-%e&to ,e'e&et l%+'"/ &amo Amer"$anaca. S%e'"n%eneAmer"#$e Dra-e ,o+r"le &+ ,o-la#en%e NATO>a "* 5o&ne/ al" ",a$ n"&+ o'+&tale o'

o,erac"%a na'*"ran%a ter"tor"%a *a $o%e &e ,ret,o&ta-l%a 'a 2" mo(lo ,o&l+"t" e$&tremn"m"&lam"&t"ma $ao +la*na -rata ,rema E+ro,". O&ta-0" ,o' *a&ta-om NATO>a/ na amer"#$"m-o%n"c"ma o&ta%e/ 'a$le/ o'(o-orno&t *a o-+ ,rete0$+ m"&"%+ $o%e 2" &e &-" 4t%el" r"%e0"t">4a%$+ na ratne *lo#"nce. Pr"%eno& -la&t" ne3e &e "*-r0"t" na 0tet+ I7T8>a " ,ra-'e/ o2e3al"&+ -"&o$" '+no&n"c" NATO>a + <e2r+ar+ ::B. Na ,a,"r+/ to %e +#"n%eno/ al" + ,ra$&"/ $a$o&e al" 7arla 'el Ponte/ -"0e n"t$o ne tra" Kara'"3a.

1!



U a,r"l+ ::G. %e'an N"*o*emac $onta$t"ra S+' + Ha(+. On t-r'" 'a %e . a,r"la -"'"o

Kara'"3a + Fo#" + 'r+0t-+ ne$e ene na tera&" %e'no( $a3a. 7arla 'el Ponte tra" o'NATO>a 'a ,ro-%er" t+ o2a-"%e&t. Nemo(+3e/ %er %e Kara'"3 o' ;. 'o . a,r"la 2"o +5eo(ra'+/ o'-ra3a%+ ne$ol"$o 'ana ,o&l"%e amer"#$" '+no&n"c" "* NATO>a $o%" &+ 'o ta'at-r'"l" 'a &+ " on" "*(+2"l" &-a$" tra( Kara'"3+ O(or#ena/ 7arla 'el Ponte na,o$ona,el"ra na ,ol"c"%+ 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ ne,o+*'an+/ al" '+n+ ,r+"t" I7T8>+ 2ar m"n"m+m&+ra'n%e. U %+l+ o' n%e tra" na'*or Kara'"3e-+ o2"tel%. L%etne ,rom%ene 2ora-"0ta #e&to&+ 2"le ,r"l"$a *a 2%e(+nca 'a &e &+&retne &a &-o%"ma/ $a$o &-%e'o#" -"0e ,"&ama na)en"4*a -r"%eme NATO>o-a ,retre&a. 7arla 'el Ponte ,o#et$om a+(+&ta ot$r"-a 'a %ena'*"ran%e +$"n+to. Ona ta'a 'o*na%e 'a %e %e'an #a&n"$ 7IA>e . %+la 'o0ao tra"t" o'a(enata 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 'a +$"n+ motren%e Kara'"3e-e o2"tel%"/ ,o' "*(o-orom 'a %er"%e# o nare'2" Ha(a U4-a3ene + la"/ amer"#$e -la&t" ,re' t+"tel%"com I7T8>a "*raa-a%+

al%en%e *2o( (re0$e + $om+n"$ac"%"/ 2e* 'r+("4 o2%a0n%en%a.el%an &,a&"t" ,r"-"'/ amer"#$" (eneral Ste-en Sc4oo$/ *a,o-%e'n"$ %e*(re NATO>a +5o&n"/ +-%era-a me'"%e1. a+(+&ta ::G. *a -r"%eme ,o&%eta 5r+Qe>lle&+= Ja &am -rlo o,t"m"&t"#an $a'a %e r"%e#o #"n%en"c" 'a 3e &e mo3" *a-r0"t" o-o ,o(la-l%e $o%e %e +*ro$o-alo *a&to% + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". Kao 'o$a*/ on t-r'"= Ne$e no-"ne + 5an%a L+c" " na Palama o2%a-l%+%+o(la&e + $o%"ma &e ,o*"-a Kara'"3a 'a &e ,re'a. To %e ne0to ne-")eno. 6...9 Mrea,o'r0$e &e "* 'ana + 'an &tan%+%e/ a ,o$ret + ,r"lo( n%e(o-e ,re'a%+ ra&te In"c"%at"-e +tom &m"&l+ -e3 &+ o'a-no na,+0tene ,re' Kara'"3e-"m $ate(or"#$"m o'2"%an%em 'a &e,re'a. Za,a'n%ac" &+ &e *at"m *a'o-ol%"l" ,re(o-aran%em o n%e>(o-o+ +'al%a-an%a & Pala/

"* 5o&ne/ a ,one$a' #a$ " "* re("%e. C"n" &e 'a %e MI; na,o$on la&$an%em ,r"'o2"oKara'"3a " ,o&t"(ao 'a on &-e #e03e o'la*" na ,+to-an%a. Jer &-" &e ,la0e ,r"t"&a$a 7arle'el Ponte a$o ona o,et ot$r"%e 'a &e Mla'"3/ al" " Kara'"3/ &$r"-a%+ + Sr2"%". Ota'aKara'"3 &-e #e03e &$o$ne + r#$+/ + *a2a#en+ ,o$ra%"n+ + 2l"*"n" 2r'a At4o&.

I*ra ač(e i iša

Za *a,a'ne -la'e tee &e no&"t" & ,"tan%em Rat$a Mla'"3a. N%e(o-a na*o#no&t + Sr2"%"ne,re&tano %e "*r+("-an%e me)+naro'no% *a%e'n"c". T"m -"0e 0to &e &r,&$e -la&t" o' ::1.n"&+ ,o$ren+le " 0to 7arla 'el Ponte ne ,re&ta%e na to ,o'&%e3at". E+ro,l%an" " Amer"$anc"mo(+ &e &amo $or"&t"t" ,ol+(ama $o%"ma ra&,ola+ $a$o 2" ,r"&"l"l" 5eo(ra' 'a ,o0t+%e&-o%e o2a-e*e. Ca$ " a$o %e n%"4o-o "*-r0a-an%e te0$o *a -el"$e &"le $o%e + Sr2"%" mora%+2ran"t" &ta-o-e $o%e one/ na,rot"-/ n"&+ ,o0t"-ale + 5o&n"/ $a' %e 2"la r"%e# o Kara'"3+.

1B



5e* "*nena)en%a/ &r,&$" &e r+$o-o'"oc" o'l+#+%+ *a ,ol"t"$+ m"m"$r"%e. T-r'e 'a ne *na%+

('%e &e $r"%e (eneral Mla'"3 "l"/ + na%2ol%em &l+#a%+/ -"0e -ole malo -%e>ro-atn+'o2ro-ol%n+ ,re'a%+ ne(o +4"3en%e.

5r+talno +2o%&t-o re<ormator&$o( ,rem"%era Zorana Đ"n)"3a 1. marta ::!. *natno %e&man%"lo "*(le'e 'a 3e Mla'"3 2"t" ,re'at Ha(+. 7arla Del Ponte ,o$+0a-a $ol"$o moe*a'rat" me)+naro'n" ,r"t"&a$ na Sr2"%+. Ona ta$o)er "(ra na $art+ &+ra'n%e "*me)+&r,&$"4 ta%n"4 &l+2" " amer"#$"4 o2a-%e0ta%n"4 #a&n"$a/ $o%" '%el+%+ + Sr2"%" na$on&,ora*+ma &$lo,l%eno( "*me)+ Đ"n)"3a " 7IA>e. Mla'"3 %e *am"%en"o &-o%+ &eo&$+ $+3+ *aman%e ,o*nata &$lon"0ta. Sa'a &e on &el%a$a "*me)+ &e'am &tano-a $o%e &+ m+ ,o'lan"m "men"ma n%e(o-" *a0t"tn"c" "*na%m"l" + &re'"0t+ 5eo(ra'a " $o%e m"%en%a &-a$a '-a"l" tr" t%e'na.

1G



U &e,tem2r+ ::!. 7arla 'el Ponte +-%erena %e 'a ,o&%e'+%e ta#n+ Mla'"3e-+ a're&+ +

5eo(ra'+. N%e*"na tra(a#$a %e'"n"ca %e/ *a4-al%+%+3" %e'nome o' &-o%"4 "n<ormatora/'o2"la a're&+ &tana + a(ar"no-o% +l"c" + $o%em+ Mla'"3 2ora-" -e3 ne$o -r"%eme. Da%e %+P"erre+ R"c4ar'+ Pro&,er+/ ,o&e2nom amer"#$om -ele,o&lan"$+ $o%" o2e3a-a 'a 3e &et"me ,o*a2a-"t". Al" ne 'o2"-a n"$a$a- o'(o-or. Ka' "n*"&t"ra/ on o'-ra3a 'a %e Mla'"3na,+&t"o Sr2"%+. Amer"$anc" "ma%+ ,ot,+n+ &lo2o'+ lo$al"*"rat" Mla'"3a + Sr2"%" na$on&,ora*+ma $o%" %e ::. &$lo,l%en "*me)+ Đ"n'"3e-e -la'e/ 'ra-no( ta%n"$a 7ol"naPo?ella " eor(a Teneta "* 7IA>e. Đ"n)"3e- na&l%e'n"$ Zoran "-$o-"3 ,r"*nao %e to %a-no::G. (o'"ne= Tr" *a,o&len"$a 7IA>e &t"(la &+ + Sr2"%+ $a$o 2" & #lano-"ma 5IA>e65e*2e'no&no In<ormat"-na A(enc"%a9 ,ro-%er"l" "n<ormac"%e o ,ret,o&ta-l%en"mMla'"3e-"m &$ro-"0t"ma. Pro-e'eno %e '-a>nae&ta$ o,erac"%a + 5eo(ra'+ " 'r+('%e +Sr2"%". A(ent" 7IA>e &+'%elo-al" &+ + &-o%&t-+ ,romatra#a. 5"la &+ ,ro-%erena &-a m%e&ta

na $o%a &+ +$a*al" I7T8 "l" 'r+(" *a,a'n" "*-or". Kra%em ::!. &r,&$o>amer"#$a %e'"n"ca'o0la %e 'o *a$l%+#$a 'a Mla'"3 n"%e + Sr2"%".1

Pr"&+tno&t 7IA>e + Sr2"%" &amo %e al"2". Pr"%e ne(o 0to "4 ,re'a t+"tel%+ I7T8>a/ a&4"n(tonltr"ra &a$+,l%ene "n<ormac"%e. 7arla 'el Ponte 'o2"-a &amo mr-"ce $o%"ma %e c"l% ,ot-r'"t"-er*"%+ &r,&$"4 -la&t" 'a Mla'"3 n"%e lo$al"*"ran/ 'a on -%ero-atno -"0e n"%e + Sr2"%"/ 'a %emo'a + Ma$e'on"%" "l" + ne$o% 2"-0o% &o-%et&$o% re,+2l"c"... Pa ",a$/ $a' %e ,o#et$om::;. (. +&,%ela +t-r'"t" Mla'"3e-e 'ola&$e + Sr2"%+ " o'la&$e "* n%e/ ona %e & #+)en%emot$r"la 'a &+ %e &-" o2man%"-al". Je'an '"o o2a-"%e&t" $o%e &+ &r,&$e " amer"#$e &l+2etre2ale ,ro-%er"t" ::. " ::!. (o'"ne o'(o-arale &+ m%e&t"ma ('%e %e ta'a Mla'"32ora-"o. Mla'"3 ,ra$t"#$" n"$a'a n"%e na,+&t"o Sr2"%+ o&"m *a $rat$"4 2ora-a$a + &-o%em

ro'nom &el+ + "&to#no% 5o&n" ,r"l"$om o2"tel%&$"4 &-e#ano&t". Za -r"%eme t"4 o'la*a$an"$a'a (a n"&+ +*nem"r"-ale &na(a NATO>a *a $o%e &e ta$o)er &matralo 'a na'*"r+ter"tor"%.

Pot-r)+%+3" la" &r,&$"4 -la&t"/ *a,a'n%ac" n"&+ &amo &,r"%e#"l" 4-atan%e (enerala/ $o%" %e,re' $amerama %e'ne &r,&$e tele-"*"%e '"%el"o #o$ola'+ '%ec" Sre2ren"ce $a' %e -e3 'aonare)en%e *a n%"4o-+ 'e,ortac"%+ " "&tre2l%en%e n%"4o-"4 o#e-a " 2ra3e. On" &+ ta$o)erne+tral"*"ral" '%elo-an%e I7T8>a. Jer l"0"-0" Ha( "n<ormac"%a o 2%e(+nc"ma/ *a,a'n%ac" &+mo(l" o'l+#"-at" o &la2l%en%+ ,r"t"&$a " ,o(a)an%+/ -e3 ,rema -la&t"t"m "ntere&"ma/ &'ra-om $o%a %e $r0"la &-o%e me)+naro'ne o2a-e*e. Ta$o &+ o&ta%al" (o&,o'ar" "(re +&-o%"m o'no&"ma &a Sr2"%om/ 4"ne3" na ta% na#"n #a$ $a$o *a2ora-l%a%+ 'a $ao 'ra-e#lan"ce V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ ,re'&ta-l%a%+ %e'"n+ -"0+ "*-r0n+ -la&t $o%a ra&,olae mo3" 'a,r"&"l" na ,o0t"-an%e o'l+$a me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a.

Po#et$om ::G. (. 7arla 'el Ponte ,ono-no %e na0"la na tra( Mla'"3a $o%" &e $r"o + ne$om'r+(om &tan+ + &rc+ 5eo(ra'a. Da 2" ,r"&"l"la *a,a'n%a$e 'a ,re+*m+ &-o%e

1;



o'(o-orno&t"/ %a-no %e re$la= Mla'"3 %e + Sr2"%". On %e na 'o4-at r+c" &r,&$"4 -la&t".

o'"na ::G. ,+na %e &"m2ola " 7arla 'el Ponte el" ,ota$n+t" -la'e 'a na'o$na'e"*(+2l%eno -r"%eme. O2"l%ea-a%+ &e tr" (o'"0n%"ce= 'e&et (o'"na o' '"*an%a o,t+n"ce,rot"- Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a/ 'e&et (o'"na o' ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c" *a $o%" &+ on" o,t+en" "'e&et (o'"na o' De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma " n%e(o-a &l+2eno( ,ot,"&"-an%a + Par"*+. Al" to

%e " 0e*'e&eta (o'"0n%"ca o&lo2a)an%a lo(ora A+&c4?"t* 5"r$ena+ " &t-aran%a N"rn2er0$o(&+'a $o%" &+ &"m2ol"*"ral" ,otre2+ me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e. 7arla 'el Ponte ,o$+0a-a,ono-no ,o$ren+t" -el"$e &"le " %a-no mn"%en%e $o%e %e ,o&talo ne,o-%erl%"-o. Al" ona o',o#et$a o2a-%e0ta-a 'a ne3e 0te'%et" &re'&t-a *a ,o&t"*an%e Kara'"3e-a " Mla'"3e-a,r"-o)en%a ,r"%e $ra%a (o'"ne.

Pr-o( <e2r+ara ::G. + Sara%e-+ ona ot-oreno "*%a-l%+%e Pa''-%+ A&4'o?n+= 5ro%n"

element" ,o$a*+%+ ne'o&tata$ -ol%e me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce/ &na(a NATO>a " E+ro,&$e+n"%e. Ot$a' &+ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 + 2"%e(+/ ,r"2a-"l" &mo NATO>+ mno(o o2a-"%e&t".U*al+'. Imamo &-e -"0e ra*lo(a -%ero-at" 'a %e & Kara'"3em &$lo,l%en &,ora*+m.

Je'no&ta-no ne moemo -%ero-at" + ne&,o&o2no&t na%-e3"4 &"la na &-"%et+. Po&to%" l",ol"t"#$a -ol%a "l" ne I n"%e l" ,r"#a o Kara'"3e-+ 2"%e(+ &amo "*(o-or 'a &e *a'r"me)+naro'na ,r"&+tno&t + 5o&n" A$o ,o&to%" ,ol"t"#$a -ol%a/ t$o moe '%elo-at"/ & $"mmoramo ra*(o-arat"/ $o%a to ,ol"t"#$a -la&t moe 'on"%et" o'l+$+ " nare'"t" o'l+#n+ a$c"%+/0to %e ,otre2no 'a on" '%el+%+ Po' "*(o-orom 'a %e + na0em "ntere&+ +4-at"t" Kara'"3a "o&tale 2%e(+nce/ &-" m"&le 'a %e na0a '+no&t ,r"2a-l%at" o2a-"%e&t"/ 'o$a*e/

1 Dola&$om 2"-0e( ,re'&%e'n"$a Vo%"&la-a Ko0t+n"ce na #elo &r,&$e -la'e ,o#et$om ::B./*a-r0a-a &l+2ena &+ra'n%a & 7IA>om.

1



<oto(ra%e m%e&ta ('%e &e $r"%+. Sm"%e0no %e ta$o o2rn+t" o'(o-orno&t". To n"%e na0 ,o&ao.

Unato# &man%en%+ 2+'eta/ ",a$ &mo +&,%el" *a'rat" + na0o% tra(a#$o% %e'"n"c" tr" o&o2e.I o' te tr" o&o2e &e o#e$+%e 'a lo$al"*"ra%+ &-e 2%e(+nce 'o$ &e &$r"-a%+ + ra*l"#"t"m*eml%ama. To %e ne,ra-e'no. C"n%en"ca %e 'a &+ one ,o&t"(le -"0e re*+ltata " o2a-"%e&t"ne(o ne$e -el"$e ta%ne &l+2e. Vr"%eme let". U,ra-o ,r"$+,l%am &-e o2a-"%e&t" $o%e'o$a*+%+ ne'o&tata$ -ol%e " nam%era-am "4/ ,r"%e "l" ,o&l"%e/ o2%a-"t" " o&+'"t" "*o&tana$re*+ltata me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce. o'"0n%"ce Sre2ren"ce " Datona $l%+#n" &+ 'at+m". J+l"

%e $ra%n%" ro$. Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 mora%+ 'o ta'a 2"t" + Ha(+. Ona na $ra%+ %a-no ,r"%et"=Kra%em (o'"ne o2%a-"t 3+ "n<ormac"%e $o%"ma ra&>,olaem o ra*lo*"ma *2o( $o%"4 on" n"&+2"l" +4"3en". U 'ecem2r+/ $a' 2+'em ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ a$o %o0+-"%e$ 2+'+ + 2"%e(+/ ot$r"t" 3+ te o2a-"%e&t" $o%e &am &$+,l%ala 0e&t (o'"na. To n"%e,r"%etn%a/ al" %a &no&"m o'(o-orno&t 'a ,r"-e'em ,ra-'" na-"0e ,ol"t"#$e " -o%ne $r"-ce *a

*lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" " a$o to ne +&,"%em/ moram o tome o2a-"%e&t"t"V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" $o%e m" %e ,o-%er"lo o-+ *a'a3+.

to (o' ona re$la/ ",a$ %e r"%e# o ,r"%etn%". Za,a'n%ac"ma n"%e 2"lo n"malo te0$one+tral"*"rat" "*r+("-an%e me'"%a *2o( me)+naro'ne &+$r"-n%e "l" ne&,o&o2no&t" NATO>a'a +4"t" '-o%"c+ 2%e(+naca. U* c"%en+ ne$ol"$o ,ro,a(an'n"4 o,erac"%a/ on" &+ &e ,otr+'"l"o'ra-at" na'e + &$oro +4"3en%e "/ me)+&o2n"m o,t+2ama &a-e*n"$a *a "*'a%+/o,ra-'at" "*o&tana$ re*+ltata. N"$o(a n"&+ *a-aral"/ al" o&tala %e &+mn%a. Tol"$o "*(le'ane*am"&l"-o 'a &+ na%-e3e 'emo$rac"%e ra'"%e 'e&et (o'"na *a-ara-ale %a-no mn"%en%e$a$o 2" *a0t"t"le ta '-a *lo#"nca/ ne(o 'a "4 +4"te. U ne-%er"c"/ me'"%" o'2"%a%+ ,r"m"t"'o&lo-ce ,o$+&ne 2alone $o%e 7arla 'el Ponte ,+0ta ,o el%"= N"t$o ne tra" Kara'"3a "l"

N"t$o (a n"$a'a n"%e tra"o. On" + tome -"'e na'a&-e $r"$ o#a%a. Na,rot"-/ %e'na "*ra-nao,t+2a/ ,ot$r"%e,l%ena 'o$a*"ma/ $o%+ %e o2l"$o-ala o&o2a $o%a &e 0e&t (o'"na/ 2e*,re&tan$a/ 2or"la 'a "4 ,r"-e'e ,ra-'" 'o-ela 2" + o,a&no&t 'a ,ro2+'" " onena%&$e,t"#n"%e. 7arla 'el Ponte + &tan%+ %e ra*ot$r"t" '-ol"#no&t me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce/+,er"t" ,ro%e$tor ,rema *onama &%ene/ ,o$a*at" &$r"-eno l"ce 'ra-n"4 ra*lo(a. U ,ol"t"c"/"&t"na ,la0". Pa #a$ " ona na%2analn"%a "l" &a&-"m ane('ot&$a. Ne &m"%+ &e o'0$r"n+t" -rata,ol"t"#$e $+4"n%e/ naro#"to me)+naro'ne= to %e *latno ,ra-"lo. Pr"%etn%a 7arle 'el Ponte/'a$le/ &4-a3ena %e o*2"l%no.

-"car$a to *na. Ona &e &%e3a ,"&ama " tele<on&$"4 ,o*"-a ,r"ml%en"4 &-a$" ,+t $a' %e"*no&"la " na%man%+/ ,a #a$ " 'o2ronam%ern+ $r"t"$+ NATO>a. S-%e&na %e r"*"$a. el" &e,o&l+"t" meto'om ele$tro0o$a %er ona &ama ne &4-a3a 0to ,r"%e#" -el"$e &"le 'a ,r"&$r2e&re'&t-a/ 'e&et (o'"na na$on $onca rata/ *a +4"3en%e Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Ona &+mn%ana &,ora*+m/ na ta%ne "ntere&e. Al" ra'"%e "m +'%el%+%e ,o-la&t"c+ &+mn%e/ m"&le3" 'a 3e &eo&-"%e&t"t"/ 'a 3e ra'"%e "*a2rat" +4"3en%e ne(o +-re'+ "&t"n". Jer "*r+#+%+3" '-o%"c+o,t+en"4/ *a,a'n%ac" 2" ,o'm"r"l" ra#+n *a &-e &-o%e ,ro0le &ramote/ *a ne'%elo-an%e/ *a

1



&-o%e &la2o&t". Al" 7arla 'el Ponte &e -ara " to 3e te$ $a&no &4-at"t".

Ne,re&tan" ,o*"-" 7arle 'el Ponte 'a &e ,r"-e'e $ra%+ ne$an%eno&t Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a/o&tale &+ mrt-o &lo-o na ,a,"r+. Pr"2l"a-an%e 'e&ete o2l%etn"ce (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c"n"%e "4 n" na%man%e tr(n+lo. I $a' %e 7arla 'el Ponte na%a-"la 'a 3e "* ,o0to-an%a ,remart-ama 2o%$ot"rat" o2l%etn"c+ a$o '-a (la-na $r"-ca 'o ta'a %o0 2+'+ na &lo2o'"/*a,a'ne ,r"%e&toln"ce ,ra-e &e (l+4e " ,ot-r)+%+ &-o%e &+'%elo-an%e. V"'eo&n"m$a,r"$a*ana 1. %+na na &+)en%+ Slo2o'an+ M"lo0e-"3+ $ao 'a %e na tren+ta$ "*a*-ala -e3"+#"na$ ne(o &-e mol2e ma("&trata. Pono-no ,r"$a*ana "&te -e#er" na 2eo(ra'&$o%tele-"*"%" 5/ ,r"$a*+%e &ma$n+3e 0e&t mla'"4 *at-oren"$a "* Sre2ren"ce/ o' $o%"4 &+tro%"ca malol%etn"c"/ 0to &+ (a ,o#"n"le &,ec"%alne %e'"n"ce M"n"&tar&t-a +n+tra0n%"4 ,o&lo-aSr2"%e $o%e &+ +-"%e$ ,or"cale 'a &+ na 2"lo $o%" na#"n +m"%e0ane + ,o$ol% "* %+la 1G.

Sn"ml%eno &ma$n+3e/ ,rene&eno ,o c"%elome &-"%et+/ 0o$"ralo %e %a-no mn"%en%e/ #a$ " +Sr2"%". Ono o"-l%a-a ,"tan%e ne$an%eno&t" Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Potre&en %e #a$ " Vo%"&la-Ko0t+n"ca. On o2e3a-a 7arl" 'el Ponte/ $o%a &+tra'an &t"e + 5eo(ra'/ 2r*o "*r+#"-an%eMla'"3a " 0al%e &-o%+ ,ol"c"%+ + ,otra(+ *a l%+'"ma & -"'eo&n"m$e. De&eta$ n%"4 %e +4"3eno,r"%e o'la&$a 7arle 'el Ponte "* 5eo(ra'a. C"n" &e 'a %e Ko0t+n"ca ,r"4-at"o ono 0to %eo#"(le'no. eneral+/ $o%e(a on ne,re$"'no 0t"t" na$on &-r(n+3a Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a/m%e&to %e + *at-or+. Ko0t+n"ca ne o2e3a-a "*r+#en%e Mla'"3a *a 11. %+la ::G./ ne(o *a,o#eta$ o$to2ra $a'a na &+mm"t+ + L+$&em2+r(+ E+ro,&$a +n"%a mora o'l+#"t" oot-aran%+ ,re(o-ora o ,r"'r+"-an%+ &a Sr2"%om. 7arla 'el Ponte ,re$l"n%e -el"$e &"le 'a,o0al%+ 5eo(ra'+ %a&n+ ,or+$+ " 'a "&$or"&te te o&o2"to ,o-ol%ne o$olno&t" $a$o 2" 'o2"leMla'"3a ,r"%e 'at+ma (o'"0n%"ce 11. %+la. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e $ao " E+ro,a

+-%eto-ale &+ %a#an%e &-o%"4 -e*a " e$onom&$e ,omo3" Sr2"%" Mla'"3e-"m +4"3en%em.

1



T%e'an 'ana ,o&l"%e/ amer"#$" State De,artment ",a$ na%a-l%+%e +,lat+ 1: m"l"ona 'olara

e$onom&$e ,omo3" Sr2"%"/ $o%a %e 2"la &+&,en'"rana 'o ,+ne &+ra'n%e 5eo(ra'a &a I7T8>em. a&4"n(ton 0al%e '-a "*a&lan"$a State De,artmenta + Ha( 'a +m"re 7arl+ 'el Ponte=To %e o4ra2ren%e &r,&$"m -la&t"ma/ Ko0t+n"ca %e o2e3ao 'a 3e "*r+#"t" Mla'"3a ,r"%e $ra%al%eta. On 3e to na,ra-"t" na$on $omemorac"%e + Sre2ren"c".

U %a-no&t"/ -el"$e &+ &"le ,r"&"l%ene ,r"'r+"t" &e +&tra%n"m *a4t%e-"ma 7arle 'el Ponte.Komemorac"%a + Sre2ren"c"/ 11. %+la ::G. (. ,r"l"$a %e *a *a,a'ne -o)e/ ,o,+t Tac+e&a74"raca/ 'a ,o'&%ete $a$o %e -"0e ne(o "$a'a -ano 'a $r"-c" *a ta '%ela $o%a &+ ,otre&la&a-%e&t #o-%e#an&t-a o'(o-ara%+ *a &-o%e *lo#"ne ,re' &+'om. S-" &e t"&$a%+ +Poto#ar"ma/ &,omen"$+ ,o'"(n+tom ,re$o ,+ta 2"-0e 2a*e ONU>a ('%e &+ n"*o*em&$"-o%n"c"/ *a'+en" 'a 0t"te o,&%e'n+t+ en$la-+/ ,r"&+&t-o-al"/ ne ,o'+*e-0" n"0ta/

'e,ortac"%" &tano-n"$a Sre2ren"ce/ $o%+ &+ "*-r0"le &na(e (enerala Mla'"3a/ " ,r-"m+2o%&t-"ma. S-" o&"m 7arle 'el Ponte/ $o%a %e o&tala + Ha(+ + *na$ ,rote&ta ,rot"-ne$an%"-o&t" " ,rot"- o'&+&t-a '%elo-an%a me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce.

P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er/ $o%" ,re'&ta-l%a ,re'&%e'n"$a 5+&4a/ "*%a-l%+%e= Na o-a% 'an&%e3an%a/ 6...9 *lo o'(o-orno *a ono 0to &e o-'%e 'o(o'"lo ,r"t"03e %o0 +-"%e$ o-e 2re+l%$e" mora o'a-'e 2"t" ,rot%erano. Ne$" %o0 +-"%e$ n"&+ ,r"4-at"l" (r"%e4e ,ro0lo&t" 6...9 "na&ta-l%a%+ "m o$retat" le)a + na'" 'a 3e "*2r"&at" o-o &%e3an%e. Al" a$o 'o"&ta el"mo

%e'nom *a+-"%e$ o$ren+t" &tran"c+/ moramo '%elo-at"... N"t$o ne &m"%e &+mn%at" 'a %ena%-an"%e ,o'-r3" &+)en%+ o,t+en"$e $o%" &+ %o0 + 2"%e(+/ a naro#"to Ra'o-anaKara'"3a " Rat$a Mla'"3a.A 0e< 2r"tan&$e '",lomac"%e Jac$ Stra? ,o'&%e3a= O-'%e o2na-l%amo +&,ome>n+ na

na%mra#n"%a ,o(la-l%a E+ro,e na$on 1BG. 6.9 I E+ro,&$a *a%e'n"ca %e "*n"$n+la nar+0e-"nama $ont"nenta +n"0teno( ratom " *lo#"n"ma. Al" ,r"-o'e3" ,ra-'" o'(o-orne *a te*lo#"ne/ E+ro,a %e mo(la *a,o#et" ,roce& ,om"ren%a. n+&no %e 'a &+/ 'e&et (o'"nana$on ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ on" $o%" &+ *a to o,t+en"/ + ,r-om re'+ Ra'o-an Kara'"3 "Rat$o Mla'"3/ %o0 +-"%e$ na &lo2o'". N"t$o "m ne 2" &m"o ,oma(at" 'a "*ma$n+ ot-orenomme)+naro'nom &+)en%+.

I*a $+l"&a ,r"%e&toln"ce ne ,o$a*+%+ "&t+ (orl%"-o&t. U-%eto-an%a Mla'"3e-"m "l"Kara'"3e-"m +4"3en%em o'%e$+%+ $ao 0+,l%e <ra*e. O2e3an%a *-one I $ao no-a ,or"can%a/&-a$" ,+t &-e *lo$o2n"%a. E+ro,l%an"/ $o%" o' ,o#et$a (o'"ne *a(or#a-a%+ "-ot Hr-at&$o%$o%a %o0 n"%e "*r+#"la Ant+ oto-"n+/ &-o%e( ,o&l%e'n%e( 2%e(+nca/ nema%+ 2a0 n"$a$-+&trate("%+ *a &l+#a% Mla'"3a " Kara'"3a. Ka'a %e r"%e# o Amer"$anc"ma/ on" &e*a'o-ol%a-a%+ t"me 'a t"%e$om l%eta ,r"t"03+ Kara'"3e-+ o2"tel% " ,r"&"l%a-a%+ n%e(o-+&+,r+(+ 'a G. %+la/ ,re' tele-"*"%&$"m $amerama/ ,o*o-e &-o%e(a &+,r+(a na ,re'a%+.Za +*-rat 3e 2"t" +$"n+t na'*or na' n%om/ $o%" %e +-e'en na *a4t%e- 7arle 'el Ponte. Po*"-

1:



3e "*a*-at" ,o'&m"%e4 Sr2a/ a 2e* &+mn%e " Kara'"3a/ $o%" &+ la$o ,ro*rel" &cenar"%.

D-a'e&et o&mo( a+(+&ta/ ,o&l"%e ,+ta + 5eo(ra'/ P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er na*"-a 7arl+ 'elPonte + Ha(= Mla'"3 3e 2"t" "*r+#en ,r"%e $ra%a &e,tem2ra. Ko0t+n"ca %e *a'ao r"%e#.I&,ra*na o2e3an%a. Tre3e( o$to2ra ::G. (. 'o0la %e na re' E+ro,&$a *a%e'n"ca 'a o,et*a2"%e no + le)a Me)+naro'nom &+'+/ + o-o% ,re&+'no% (o'"n". Na &a&tan$+ na -r4+ +L+$&em2+r(+/ $o%"m %e ,re-la'a-alo ,"tan%e $an'"'at+re T+r&$e " Hr-at&$e/'-a'e&et,etor"ca ,ota%no *a,o#"n%+ &a Sr2"%om ,re(o-ore o ,r"'r+"-an%+/ 0to %e ,r-",re'+-%et *a ot-aran%e ,roce&a $an'"'"ran%a *a ,r"&t+, EU +nato# 'o$a*ano% ,r"&+tno&t"Mla'"3a + 5eo(ra'+ " ne'o-ol%no% &+ra'n%+ & I7T8>em na 'r+("m ,o'r+#%"ma. Dao'o2ro-ol%e 7arl+ 'el Ponte/ -"&o$" e+ro,&$" '+no&n"c" &a'a t-r'e 'a 3e n%"4o-a o'l+$a,ota$n+t" 5eo(ra' na '%elo-an%e.

I7T8 %e ::1.o,t+"o Ant+ oto-"n+ *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" " ratne *lo#"ne *2o(*a,o-%e'ne o'(o-orno&t" + o$-"r+ Hr-at&$e -o%&$e *2o( 'e,ortac"%e " +2o%&ta-a Sr2a "* Kra%"ne +a+(+&t+ 1G. Z2o( o'2"%an%a 4r-at&$e -la'e 'a (a "*r+#" I7T8>+/ E+ro,&$a %e Un"%a/ na ,ot"ca%,rem"%era Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e/ o'l+#"la 1;. marta ::G. *a+&ta-"t" ot-aran%e ,r"&t+,n"4 ,re(o-ora &Hr-at&$om. Hr-at&$a !. o$to2ra ::G. 'o2"-a *eleno &-%etlo *a &-o%+ $an'"'at+r+ + EU/ te$ na$on0to %e/ +* 'o2"-ene 'o$a*e/ lo$al"*"rala 2%e(+nca $o%" &e ta'a nala*"o na Kanar&$"m otoc"ma.oto-"n+ %e na,o$on/ . 'ecem2ra ::G./ +4"t"la 0,an%ol&$a ,ol"c"%a +* ,omo3 4r-at&$"4 &l+2"/ te(a "*r+#"la Ha(+.

11



Ko0t+n"ca n"%e n"$a'a o2e3ao Amer"$anc"ma n" E+ro,l%an"ma Mla'"3e-o +4"3en%e. On &e

&amo o2a-e*ao 'a 3e ,o$+0at" ,re(o-arat" o n%e(o-o% ,re'a%". Kra%em &e,tem2ra ::G.(. "men+%e %e'no o&o2+ 2l"&$+ Mla'"3+ na #elo M"n"&tar&t-a o2rane. Vel"$a *-%er$a &r,&$e&+'&$e me'"c"ne/ (eneral Stan$o-"3/ ,rat"o %e Mla'"3a *a -r"%eme rata "&$o,a-a%+3"$o&t+rn"ce &r,&$"4 rta-a/ " 2"o %e +* n%e(a + tren+t$+ &amo+2o%&t-a n%e(o-e $3er"/ *at"m(a %e ,r"m"o + 2eo(ra'&$+ -o%n+ 2oln"c+ $o%o% %e ta'a 2"o na #el+. Unato# 2l"&$"m -e*ama& 2%e(+ncem/ Stan$o-"3 (a ne +&,"%e-a +-%er"t". Mla'"3 &e +o,3e ne o&%e3a ,r"t"&n+t"m+*a *"'a/ a a$o %e'no( 'ana 2+'e/ ra'"%e 3e +mr"%et" ne(o 2"t" "*r+#en S+'+.

o'"na ,o&l%e'n%e ,r"l"$e *a-r0"la %e ne+&,%e4om. Ia$o %e ,r"&"l%en *a-r0"t" &+)en%e 'o::./ a,el" Tr"2+nala n"&+ 2"l" +*et" + o2*"r. Po' ,r"t"&$om me'"%a/ *a,an%en"4 n%"4o-omla$o-%erno03+ ,rema Ko0t+n"#"n"m o2e3an%"ma/ amer"#$" " e+ro,&$" '+no&n"c" ra*2ac+%+

&+ &e $re,o&n"m "*ra*"ma. Na0a %e '+no&t/ &-a#"%a %e '+no&t/ o&tat" +* o2"tel%" rta-ao' ,r"%e 'e&et (o'"na. On" 6Sr2"/ o,. a.9 ne3e &t+,"t" + &tr+$t+re NATO>a 'o$ ne 2+'+&+ra)"-al" & I7T8>em/ t-r'"/ ,r"m%er"ce/ amer"#$" 'ra-n" ta%n"$ Pol"t"#$"4 ,o&lo-a ,r" StateDe,artment+ N"c4ola& 5+rn& . o$to2ra ::G. +o#" ,+to-an%a + 5r+Qelle& " na 5al$an.Kra%em te ::G. (. *a,a'n%ac" "ma%+/ me)+t"m/ 'r+(e ,r"or"tete. Je'an o' n%"4 %ela&$an%em ,r"'o2"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte. S-"m &na(ama ele %e &,r"%e#"t" 'a ra*ot$r"%e n%"4o-c"n"*am.

On" *na%+ 'a -"car$a ,r",rema &-o% 'o&%e ,rot"- n%"4 " 'a (a nam%era-a "*n"%et" 1G.'ecem2ra + &-o%em (o-or+ ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t". Kra%em a+(+&ta ona tra" o' &-o%"4e$",a 'a &e 2ace na ,o&ao. Str+#n%ac" T+"tel%&t-a *a,o&len" &+ ,r"$+,l%an%em &-e'o$+mentac"%e $o%a ,o&to%"/ a Patr"c$ Lo,e*>Terre&/ -o'"tel% I&tra(e/ "*ra)+%e ,o,"& &-"4

,ro,+0ten"4 ,r"l"$a *a 4-atan%e. I&tra"tel%" lete + 5eo(ra' "&,"tat" Kara'"3e-e na%2l"e,r"%atel%e $o%" -e3 (o'"nama t-r'e 'a %e 2"-0" -o)a 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a 'o2"o ,ot-r'+Amer"$anaca 'a ne3e 2"t" "&,or+#en Ha(+ a$o ne 2+'e ,r"%e#"o &,ora*+me "* Datona. Uo$to2r+/ *a ,o&%eta Sara%e-+/ 7arla 'el Ponte ",a$ NATO>+ n+'" "*la*. Ona ,re'lae0e<o-"ma Atlant&$o( &a-e*a + 5o&n" 'a %o% 'a%+ "&cr,an "*-%e0ta% o na,or"ma ,o'+*et"ma,o&l%e'n%"4 'e&et (o'"na 'a &e lo$al"*"ra " +4"t" Kara'"3/ ,r"$+,l%ene "n<ormac"%e on%e(o-o% mre" ,o'r0$e/ o n%e(o-+ &+&ta-+ *a0t"te " o ,o*natom $retan%+ 2%e(+nca.Pre'lae 'a &tr+#n%ac" NATO>a " I7T8>a *a%e'no anal"*"ra%+ te ,o'at$e " ,o$+0a%+ "*ra'"t"*a%e'n"#$+ &trate("%+. Al" +*-ra3a%+ %o% o'2"%an%em *a4t%e-a ,o' "*(o-orom 'a + //NATO>+ne ,o&to%" ,re'met Kara'"3. Ona &e ;. o$to2ra + Lon'on+ al" Jac$+ Stra?+/ 0e<+2r"tan&$e '",lomac"%e/ $o%" %e ,o$+0a-a +m"r"t"= N"%e 'o2ro a$o -" m"&l"te 'a NATO "EUFOR ne #"ne 'o-ol%no. Ja ne -%er+%em n" 'a &e S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ne*an"ma%+ -"0e *a to ,"tan%e. One &+ tol"$o +lo"le + ,re'mete o ratn"m *lo#"nc"ma. U&-a$om &l+#a%+/ moramo -am ,r"2a-"t" "n<ormac"%+ $o%a 3e omo(+3"t" 'a o'2ac"te &-o%e&+mn%e.

1



U no-em2r+ t+"tel%"ca &e o'l+#+%e "&$or"&t"t" &-o%e o-la&t" " tra"t" o' &-a$e o' &e'am

*emal%a #lan"ca $oal"c"%e + o,erac"%" Fer-ent Arc4er 6orl%"-" &tr"%elac9 >a to &+ S%e'"n%eneAmer"#$e Dra-e/ Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a/ Franc+&$a/ N%ema#$a/ ,an%ol&$a/ Ital"%a " N"*o*em&$a>'a %o% ,r"%e $onca (o'"ne ,o'ne&+ "*-%e0ta% o na'*"ran%+ o2"tel%" Kara'"3 " &-e"n<ormac"%e o 2%e(+nc+. D-"%e *eml%e o'(o-ara%+ 2e* o$l"%e-an%a. To n"malo ne "*nena)+%e

%er &"(+rno n"&+ &+'%elo-ale + o,erac"%ama na'*"ran%a Kara'"3e-"4 ro)a$a. O&tal" ra'"%e*anemar+%+ ta% *a4t%e- "l" %e o,t++%+. Vele,o&lan"c" &e re'a%+ + n%e*"n+ +re'+. Ka+ 'a &+*a,re,a0ten". Amer"$anc" &+ na%e03". Na n%"4 7arla 'el Ponte + ,r-om re'+ c"l%a %er &+on" %e'"n" + 5o&n" ra&,ola(al" te4n"#$"m mo(+3no&t"ma *a na'*"ran%e " ,o&ta-l%an%e,r"&l+0n"4 +re)a%a + Kara'"3e-+ o$ol"n+. U 'ecem2r+/ *a -r"%eme %e'no( ,o&%etaa&4"n(ton+/ amer"#$e -la&t" trae o' n%e 'a ,o-+#e &-o% *a4t%e- $o%" %e/ $a+ %o% on"/ 2"o-rlo lo0e ,r"ml%en. Prec"*"ra%+ %o% 'a &e ta$-" $orac" ne ,o'+*"ma%+ ,"&men"m ,+tem.

Zat"m/ '-a 'ana +o#" n%e*"ne "nter-enc"%e ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t"/ %e'an -"&o$" amer"#$"'+no&n"$ 0al%e %o% o-a$-o +,o*oren%e= Po&l%e'n%e 0to 2" nam tre2alo %e&t 'a &eme)+&o2no $r"t"*"ramo + me'"%"ma.

Val ,an"$e *a4-at"o %e -el"$e ,r"%e&toln"ce. 5r"tanc" ot-oreno ,r"*na%+ &-o%+ *a2r"n+to&t.O&tal" +,o*ora-a%+ o$ol"n+ 7arle 'el Ponte 'a 2" <rontaln" na,a' 2e* &+mn%e 'o-eo 'o'en"t"-no( (+2"t$a ,o-%eren%a/ %a&n"%e re#eno/ ,re&tana$ &-a$o( o2l"$a 2+'+3e&+ra'n%e. Ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,r"%e ,o$re3e &e ne-%ero-atan ,roce&. O'%e'nom &+,r"4-atl%"-" ,r"%e'lo*" T+"tel%&t-a o *a%e'n"#$"m a$c"%ama $o%e 3e &e ,ro-o'"t" ,rot"-Kara'"3e-e mree. NATO o'l+#+%e ,o&ta-"t" + Sara%e-+ t"m o2a-%e0ta%n"4 #a&n"$a "anal"t"#ara *a'+en"4 "&$l%+#"-o *a 4-atan%e Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a. Clano-" T+"tel%&t-a 2"t

3e o-la0ten" &+'%elo-at" na ne$"m &a&tanc"ma. 5e* o$l"%e-an%a/ '+no&n"c" NATO>a "amer"#$" #a&n"c" 'ola*e + Ha( 'a ra&,ra-e o o,erac"%ama $o%e 4"tno tre2a ,ro-e&t". U %e'an 'an/ on" &+ & "&tra"-a#$om %e'"n"com T+"tel%&t-a &a&ta-"l" ,ro(ram ,retra"-an%a.Pr-e o,erac"%e mora%+ *a,o#et" -e3 + 'ecem2r+. Za,o-%e'n"$ NATO>a *a E+ro,+/Amer"$anac Jo4n Jone&/ 'a%e +&,o&ta-"t" "*ra-n+ o&"(+ran+ l"n"%+ + +re'+ 7arle 'el Ponte.On &e ta$o)er o2a-e*+%e 'a 3e ola$0at" ,r"%eno& 'o$+menata $o%e %e NATO *a,l"%en"o +Kara'"3e-o% o$ol"n"/ a $o%e %e I7T8 +*al+'no tra"o m%e&ec"ma/ ,one$a' " (o'"nama.5+'+3" 'a &-a$a o,erac"%a -el"$o( *ama4a *a4t"%e-a ra*ra)en $om+n"$ac"%&$" ,lan/ +

Tr"2+nal &t"+ amer"#$" -o%n" &tr+#n%ac" 'a 2" o n%e*"n"m ,o%e'"no&t"ma ra&,ra-"l" &a&+ra'n"c"ma 7arle Del Ponte. Jer/ "&t"#+ on"/ neo,4o'no %e 'a o' &a'a I7T8 " NATO*a%e'n"#$"m (la&om +-%ere 2o&an&$o &tano-n"0t-o 'a %e Kara'"3 + m"0olo-c". N"$a'a

'r+(" $at T+"tel%&t-a n"%e +,o*nao ta$-o -ren%e. Kona#no &e +&,o&ta-l%a &-e ono 0to &emoralo na,ra-"t" ,r"%e 'e&et (o'"na. Po'%ela *a'ata$a #"n"la %e +re)ena $ao ,o notama.o'"na ::;. +l"%e-ala %e mno(o na'e. O4ra2rena/ 7arla 'el Ponte o'la*" t%e'an 'ana nao'mor.

1!



Na$on n%e*"na ,o-rat$a/ 'e&et 'ana ,r"%e &a&tan$a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ nacrt n%ena (o-ora

2"o %e &amo 2l"%e'a $o,"%a ,o#etno( ,lana. Nema -"0e o,t++%em/ ne(o %e'no&ta-nona2ra%an%e/ +o2"#a%en"m "*ra*"ma/ (re0a$a " ne<+n$c"on"ran%a $o%" (oto-o 'a o,ra-'a-a%+ne+&,%e4 -el"$"4 &"la + 4-atan%+ Kara'"3a. Dola&c" '",lomata &a'a &+ ,o&tal" &+*'ran"%"/(oto-o ne-"'l%"-". Pol"t"#$" &a-%etn"c" +,o*ora-a%+ 7arl+ 'el Ponte 'a %e Amer"$ance "En(le*e +'ar"la $a, $a' &+ ,ro#"tal" o'lom$e (o-ora $o%" "m %e 2"o 'o&ta-l%en. Ona &e#+'"/ tol"$o %o% %e te$&t "*(le'ao 2e*a*len. Pre,or+#+%e ne$e "&,ra-$e $o%" 3e 'at" malo&m"&la to% -er2alno% mela&" $o%+ &amo '",lomat" mo(+ 'e0"<r"rat". Para2ola o ma#$" "m"0+/ $o%a %e 'o0la na $ra%+ 'a +$ra&" *a$l%+#a$/ 2"t 3e %e'"n" e$&,l"c"tn" o'loma$ n%e*"na(o-ora/ %e'"n" $o%" &+ me'"%" ra*+m%el"= Ve3 'e&et (o'"na me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca "(ra &ema#$e " m"0a & Kara'"3em " Mla'"3em... Ma#$e &+ o'l+#"le *a-e*at" o#"/ me)+&o2no &e(re,&t" " 'o,+&t"t" m"0+ 'a tr#" o' %e'ne 'o 'r+(e r+,e. 7arla 'el Ponte mora ,ono-no

,ro(+tat" &-o%e ra*o#aran%e. P+0ta 'a %e +-%ere $a$o &+ ,r"%e&toln"ce ,r"m"le +,o*oren%e/ a'a ,r"tom &a&-"m no-" ,ro(ram *a%e'n"#$"4 o,erac"%a & NATO>om n"%e +(roen.

NATO>o-a ,r"-"'na o'l+#no&t tra%ala %e &amo ne$ol"$o t%e'ana/ + -"'+ &a&tana$a "*me)+&tr+#n%a$a " Atlant&$o( &a-e*a/ $ol"$o %e 2"lo ,otre2no 'a &e o&"(+ra 'a %e 7arla 'el Ponteo'+&tala o' &-o%"4 ,r"%etn%". Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 " 'al%e &+ na &lo2o'" " &-e #e03e '"%ele "&t+mre+ *a0t"te/ naro#"to $a' Kara'"3 'o)e &$lon"t" &e + Sr2"%+. Amer"#$a " e+ro,&$a,o,+&tl%"-o&t &amo %e ,o%a#ala ot,or 5eo(ra'a ,rema &+ra'n%" & Tr"2+nalom. U <e2r+ar+::;. E+ro,&$a +n"%a ,re'om"&l"la &e " *a,r"%et"la 5eo(ra'+ 'a 3e ,re$"n+t" te$ *a,o#et",roce& ,re(o-aran%a a$o Mla'"3 ne 2+'e "*r+#en 'o $ra%a marta.

A$o ne 2+'+ + ,ot,+no&t" &+ra)"-ale & Ha0$"m tr"2+nalom " ne "*r+#e m+ o,t+ene

*lo#"nce/ *eml%e ,o,+t Sr2"%e ne mo(+ o#e$"-at" ,+n+ &+ra'n%+ & E+ro,&$om +n"%om/"n*"&t"ra 5r"tanac Jac$ Stra?. Ra-no'+0no&t 5eo(ra'a ,rema t"m o,omenama +%e'"n%+%eD-a'e&et,etor"c+. Po#et$om ma%a 5r+Qelle& ,re$"'a ,re(o-ore/ +-%et+%+3" n%"4o-ona&ta-l%an%e Mla'"3e-"m +4"3en%em. Al" o-o neo#e$"-ano 2+)en%e E+ro,e ne tra%e '+(o.Po#et$om l%eta &lono&t %e na,+$la. Zat"m &e +%e&en ra&c"%e,"la. Al" %o0 ,r"%e E+ro,&$e+n"%e/ ,o,+0ta Atlant&$" &a-e*. Na &a&tan$+ na -r4+ + R"(" . no-em2ra ::;. n%e(o-e*eml%e #lan"ce o'l+#+%+ Sr2"%" " 5o&n" ot-or"t" -rata Partner&t-a *a m"r/ ,re'-or%a NATO>a/"a$o &+ &e o' ::B. *ala(ale 'a ona o&tan+ *at-orena 'o$le (o' Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 ne2+'+ ,re'an" I7T8>+. In"c"%at"-a %e ,ote$la o' ,re'&%e'n"$a 5+&4a/ to %e o'l+#"o +,o&l%e'n%em #a&+/ o2%a0n%a-a%+ amer"#$e -la&t" 7arl" 'el Ponte ne$ol"$o &at" ,r"%e&l+2ene o2%a-e te o'l+$e. Me)+t"m/ amer"#$o &e (le'"0te ,rom"%en"lo -e3 ,o#et$omm%e&eca/ na$on ,o&%eta a&4"n(ton+ &r,&$o( m"n"&tra o2rane/ Mla'"3e-a ,r"%atel%aZorana Stan$o-"3a/ $o%" %e ,r"4-at"o 'a *a+*-rat *a o-+ ,o,+&tl%"-o&t ,o0al%e + Ira$ " +A<(an"&tan no-e &r,&$e tr+,e.! S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"m Dra-ama n"%e te0$o ,r"'o2"t"&-o%e e+ro,&$e ,artnere. Jac+e& 74"rac " Ton- 5la"r "&to ta$o ele ,o&lat" *na$ ot-aran%a

1B



,rema Sr2"%" +o#" na&ta-$a ,re(o-ora o $ona#nom &tat+&+ Ko&o-a #"%e %e o're)"-an%e/

&-a$" ,+t o'(a)ano! Sr,&$e no-"n&$e a(enc"%e= 5eta "l" Tan%+(/ . no-em2ra ::;.

1G



*2o( ote*an%a 5eo(ra'a/ ,re'-")eno 'o $ra%a ::.

E+ro,&$a +n"%a te0$o o'ol"%e-a +*m"can%+ &-o%"4 *emal%a +n+tar NATO>a.D-a'e&et,etor"ca &+ ,re' na&ta-l%an%em ,re(o-ora o ,r"'r+"-an%+ &a Sr2"%om .'ecem2ra ::;. " 'en"t"-n"m o'+&ta%an%em o' Mla'"3a. Al" &e 5r"tanc"/ Franc+*".N"%emc"/ +* ,o'r0$+ N"*o*em&$e " n&$o( ,re'&%e'n"0t-a/ $ona#no *a%e'n"#$"&+,rot&ta-l%a%+ $a$o 2" &e ta o'l+$a o'(o'"la. Ne3emo "*(ra'"t" E+ro,+ &+tra0n%"ce,ro,+0ta%+3" 'a &e +,"tamo o n%e*"no% ,ro0lo&t". St-arna &+ra'n%a 5eo(ra'a & I7T8>em

%e&t n+no&t. To &+ na#ela " -r"%e'no&t" + $o%e Franc+&$a -%er+%e. I*2or" 6+ %an+ar+ ::./o,. a.9 + Sr2"%" " ,"tan%e Ko&o-a n"&+ ar(+ment" $o%e &e moe +,otr"%e2"t" *a o2na-l%an%e,re(o-ora & 5eo(ra'om/ +,o*ora-a 7at4er"ne 7olonna/ <ranc+&$a m"n"&tr"cao,+nomo3ena *a e+ro,&$e ,o&lo-e. Al" "(ra %e +na,r"%e' "*(+2l%ena.

Za2r"n+ta o'2"%an%em 5eo(ra'a 'a 'o'e 'o re(+l"ran%a &tat+&a Ko&o-a/ E+ro,a +<e2r+ar+ ::. o2e3a-a 'a 3e ot$lon"t" &-e *a,re$e *a $an'"'"ran%e Sr2"%e + E+ro,&$++n"%+ a$o ,r"&tane na neo-"&no&t Ko&o-a. Prom%ena m"0l%en%a E+ro,e + 'ecem2r+ ::;."0la %e &amo *a t"m 'a &e &a#+-a ne$o &re'&t-o ,ol"t"#$o( ,r"t"&$a na Sr2"%+. Koncemmarta/ &r,&$o c"-"lno 'r+0t-o +$a*+%e na t+ tr(o-"n+ " ,o*"-a na Mla'"3e-o +4"3en%e=//5r+Qelle& ne &m"%e ,o,+0tat" na,a&t" 'a tr(+%e &-o%"m o&no-n"m na#el"ma ,r"l"$om,re(o-aran%a o $ra%n%em &tat+&+ Ko&o-a. Jer to 2" mo(lo &amo ,r"'on"%et" %a#an%+e$&tremno( nac"onal"*ma/ &,re#a-an%+ re<ormator&$"4 &na(a 'a &e '"&tanc"ra%+ o'M"lo0e-"3e-a na&l%e)a " *a,r"%e#"t" ra*-"%an%e 'emo$rat&$e Sr2"%e #"%e %e m%e&to + $r"l+e+ro,&$e o2"tel%" " naro'a. Al" E+ro,a ne el" n"0ta #+t". Ve3 &e'amnae&t (o'"na/ ona"(nor"ra (la&o-e ra*+ma na 5al$an+/ one $o%" me)+t"m "&$reno -%er+%+ + n%e*"ne

-r"%e'no&t" " ele 'a %o% &e n%"4o-e *eml%e ,r"'r+e/ a 'a "4 E+ro,a o'l+#no 2ran".Po#et$om ::. (. E+ro,a o'l+#+%e o2no-"t" ,re(o-ore o ,r"'r+"-an%+ &a Sr2"%om/,re$"n+te (o'"n+ 'ana ,r"%e/ "a$o Mla'"3 n"%e +4"3en. a&4"n(ton " 5r+Qelle& ta$o &ena'a%+ 'a 3e mo3" nametn+t" 5eo(ra'+ ,lan o neo-"&no&t" Ko&o-a $o%" &r,&$" r+$o-o'"oc"t-r'o(la-o o'2"%a%+/ a "ma%+ ,o'r0$+ Mo&$-e + &-o%em o'2"%an%+ ,re(o-ora.

Pos&je%nja o%ustajanja

Po&l%e'n%" &e *a&+n" ot-ara%+/ ,o,+t o2"#n"4 $o,#a. I*me)+ ::. " ::G. me)+naro'n",r"t"&c" 'o,+&t"t" &+ I7T8>+ 'a & tr"'e&et o,t+en"4 + 2"%e(+ 'o)e na 0e&t. D-a'e&etor"c+&+ "&,or+#"le &r,&$e -la&t". Na&+,rot +lo*"ma $ao 0to &+ NATO " EU/ Sr2"%a ne 2" o$l"%e-ala,o,+&t"t" %o0 %e'nom. Nara-no/ 'a%e ,or+$a E+ro,l%ana " Amer"$anaca 2"la #-r&ta "

1;



&+-"&la. Al"/ na$on &mrt" &lo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a 11. marta ::;. #"n" &e 'a &+ *a,a'n%ac"

&,remn" 'on"%et" o'l+$+ $o%a &e '+(o -remena n"%e &m%ela ,r"*nat"= *at-aran%e I7T8>a 2e*Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Petnae&to( 'ecem2ra ::;. + Ne? 8or$+ 7arla 'el Ponte ,o$+0a-a*a#e,"t" ,+$ot"n+ $o%a *%a,"/ $a$o 2" "*2%e(la ,oton+3e 2ro'. Tra" o' V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" 'a$ae &matra l" 'a I7T8 mora o&tat" ot-oren 'o$ &e Ra'o-an+ Kara'"3+ " Rat$+ Mla'"3+ne 2+'+ &+'"lo + Ha(+. To %e ,"tan%e naro#"to -ano *2o( 'e&eta$a 4"l%a'a rta-a 6...96$o%e/ o,. a.9 "ma%+ ,ra-o *nat" mo(+ l" %o0 ra#+nat" na o2e3an%a $o%e "m %e 'alo V"%e3e&"(+rno&t" ,r"%e tr"nae&t (o'"na/ $a' %e &t-or"lo Tr"2+nal.

I*a $+l"&a -el"$e &"le -e3 ra&,ra-l%a%+ o <orm+lama $o%e 2" omo(+3"le 'a &-o%e ,o&l%e'n%eo'+&ta%an%e ,r"$a+ $ao ne0to 'r+(o/ a ne $ao ,o2%e'+ ne$an%"-o&t". R"%e# %e o tome 'a

%a-no mn"%en%e " rt-e ,ro(+ta%+ (or$+ ,"l+l+ " 'a &e +m"re on" $o%" 2" "4 o,t+"l" *a "*'a%+

&-"4 ,re+*et"4 o'(o-orno&t"/ &-"4 n%"4o-"4 ,ro0l"4 o2e3an%a. Ja-no/ &amo &e S%e'"n%eneAmer"#$e Dra-e "*%a0n%a-a%+. E+ro,a/ *a&a'a/ "*m"#e ,re' on"m 0to &e ne moe ,r"*nat".7l"nt "ll"am&on/ ne$a'a0n%" *a,o&len"$ I7T8>a/ -ele,o&lan"$ SAD>a *a ratne *lo#"ne $o%"

%e ::;. na&l"%e'"o Pro&,era/ na $on<erenc"%" *a no-"nare + Sara%e-+ + %an+ar+ ::.ot$r"-a o2r"&e ra&,ra-e= Ra'o-an Kara'"3 " Rat$o Mla'"3 mora%+ 2"t" ,r"-e'en" ,re' ne$"me)+naro'n" &+' a$o 2+'+ +4-a3en" ,o&l"%e *at-aran%a I7T8>a. 5"lo 2" &a&-"mne,r"4-atl%"-o 'a "m &e &+'" + 5eo(ra'+. Moramo + &+&ta-+ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)ana3" ne$" or(an 'a "m &+'". U a&4"n(ton+ &e + ,o#et$+ m"&l" na ne$+ <orm+l+ &l"#n+ono% "*a2rano% *a &+)en%e 74arle&+ Ta-lor+. o'"ne ::;. &+)en%e 2"-0em ,rem"%er+L"2er"%e/ o,t+enom *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t" na Po&e2nom &+'+ *a S"erra Leo>ne/2"lo %e/ *2o( &"(+rno&n"4 ra*lo(a/ ,rem%e0teno + "no*em&t-o/ + ,ro&tor"%e &talno(

Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779 + Ha(+. Amer"$anc" na(o-ara%+ I7T8 'a ,ot,"0e &I77>om ,roto$ol o &,ora*+m+ 'a 2" &e na$on *at-aran%a a' 4oc Tr"2+nala *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+/ lo("&t"$a &talno( Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a mo(la $or"&t"t" *a &+)en%eKara'"3+ " Mla'"3+. Al" ta% ,lan/ $o%" 2" omo(+3"o -el"$"m &"lama 'a +* m"n"malnetro0$o-e &,a&e o2ra*/ "*o&ta-l%a %e'n+ 2"tn+ ta#$+= '+(" n"* (o'"na *a $o%"4 &+ mo(l"+"-at" + &-o%o% ne$an%eno&t"/ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 n"&+ 2"l" n" ne'o&t+,n" n" ne+4-atl%"-".O'2"%an%em 'a "4 +4"t" "l" 'a ,r"m%enom ,r"&"le/ $o%om %e ra&,ola(alo/ ,o&t"(ne n%"4o-o+4"3en%e/ V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" %e 'o&a'a &,re#a-alo 'a 2+'+ ,r"-e'en" ,re' I7T8. U t"m+-%et"ma 2"lo 2" + na%man%+ r+$+ na"-no m"&l"t" 'a 3e on" %e'no( 'ana 2"t" "*r+#en" I7T8>+"l" 2"lo $o%o% 'r+(o% *am%en&$o% &tr+$t+r". U na%2ol%em &l+#a%+/ 2"t 3e l"0en" &taro( &na/ $o%"

%e ::B. %a-no <orm+l"rala L%"l%ana Kara'"3/ 'a ,ro&la-e &-o%+ &lo2o'+/ $ona#no o,et

,rona)en+ 'anom *at-aran%a I7T8>a.

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U-o)en%e me4an"*ama & c"l%em 'a ,ro'+e -al%ano&t o,t+n"ce " nalo(a *a +4"3en%e $o%"

%e "*'ao I7T8 na$on n%e(o-a *at-aran%a/ *a4t"%e-a +o&talom " ,r"4-a3an%e no-e re*ol+c"%eV"%e3a &"(+rno&t". R+&"%a/ $o%a "ma ,ra-o -eta/ 'o&a' &e &+&ta-no ,rot"-"la &-a$omo2-e*"-an%+ 'a &e *a'r" '%elo-an%e I7T8>a 'o$ Ra'o-an Kara'"3 " Rat$o Mla'"3 ne 2+'+o&+)en"/ a 'a %e S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e/ Franc+&$a " Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a n"&+ &t-arno n",o$+0ale o'-rat"t". U a,r"l+/ a *at"m + %+n+ ::. Mo&$-a %e ,ono-no ,ot-r'"la &-o%+-ol%+ 'a tra" o' V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" 'a :1:. ra&,+&t" I7T8. I +,o*ora-a= A$o Mla'"3/Kara'"3 " o&tal" o,t+en" ne 2+'+ +4"3en" na$on "&te$a man'ata 6I7T8>a9/ to ne3e,re'&ta-l%at"/ &amo ,o &e2"/ 'o-ol%an ra*lo( *a ,ro'+l%en%e ra'a S+'a. A$o &+' 2+'e*at-oren/ n%e(o-" nalo*" *a Kara'"3e-o " Mla'"3e-o +4"3en%e ne3e -"0e 2"t" -al%an"/ -e3

%e +,o*or"la " 7arla 'el Ponte ,o#et$om ::. Zlo#"n *a (enoc"' " *lo#"n" ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" ne *a&tar"%e-a%+. A$o 2" o,t+2e I7T8>a *at-aran%em S+'a ,o&tale ne-ae3e2e* 'a V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" ,r"4-at" me4an"*am $o%"m 3e "4 +#"n" tra%n"ma/ &-e 2" *eml%e +$o%"ma Mla'"3 " Kara'"3 2+'+ "-%el" morale ,re' &-o%"m &+'o-"ma *a,o#et" no-" ,ro(on ""*'at" no-e nalo(e *a +4"3en%e. S+'"t" '-o%"c" (la-n"4 $r"-aca *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c" ,re'lo$aln"m "n&tancama + 5eo(ra'+/ Sara%e-+ "l" 'r+('%e ot-aralo 2" -rata mo(+3em,reo2l"$o-an%+ ,o&to%e3"4 o,t+2"/ +* r"*"$ 'a &e o'2ac" " ,re0+t" &-e 0to %e ne*(o'no=,"tan%e ,re'-"'l%"-o&t" rata + 5o&n" " ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c" $ao " &-e o&tale -"'o-e to(a,re'meta $o%" &+ "*a*-al" tol"$o ot,ora %er 2" mo(l" 'o,+&t"t" 'a "&,l"-a%+ ne'o&tac"/ (re0$e" ne$a'a0n%e &ramotne na(o'2e -el"$"4 &"la. Prema mo'el+ $o%"&e 'o$a*ao= &+)en%e Sa'am+ H+&e"n+ ,re' S,ec"%aln"m "ra#$"m &+'om $o%" %e -o)en ,o'&tro("m na'*orom S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a.

Unato# n%"4o-"m o2e3an%"ma 'a 3e o'(o-or"t" na a(on"%+/ m+#en"0t-o " e) rta-a *a

,ra-'om/ 'an"ma + -r"%eme &t-aran%a Tr"2+nala 1!./ -el"$e 'emo$rac"%e na,o$on &+,o$a*ale 'a one ne tee *a 'r+(a#"%"m &an$c"%ama ne(o 0to %e o,t+n"ca $o%a 2" one $o%"&+ 5o&n+ ,ret-or"l" + (olem+ *a%e'n"#$+ ra$+ ,r"&"l"la 'a &e ,r"$lone m"r+. 5r+ce Jac$&on/mo3n" re,+2l"$an&$" lo2"&t $o%e( na*"-a%+ -ele,o&lan"$om 5"%ele $+3e/ ,o-%er"o %e to 2e*o$ol"0an%a + no-em2r+ ::B.= Je l" nam 'o"&ta + "ntere&+ 'a & Kara'"3em " Mla'"3em*a,o#nemo &+)en%e nal"$ onom M"lo0e-"3e-+ Ne$a &t-ar" 2+'+ %a&ne= o2o%"ca &+ $r"-a "*a&l++%+ 'a tr+n+ + *at-or+ 'o $ra%a "-ota. Al" t$o 'ana& el" tro0"t" tol"$o ener("%e 'a 2"'o0ao 'o *a$l%+#$a $o%" -e3 *namo 5ro%n" *a,a'n" '",lomat" ,r"*nal" &+ to "*a*at-oren"4 -rata $o%"ma &e #e&to 0t"t" me)+naro'na ,ol"t"$a. U n%"4o-"m o#"ma/ rt-e 2"&e morale *a'o-ol%"t" *na%+3" 'a &+ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 o&+)en" "-%et" $ao ,ro(on%en" l%+'"'o $ra%a "-ota/ na ta% na#"n &"m2ol"#$" l"0en" &-o%e ,+ne &lo2o'e " $an%en" "(om

&ramote.e) *a ,ra-'om neo'-o%"-a %e o' e)" *a "&t"nom. Me+t"m ta e) $o%a "*ran%a "* o-e*eml%e "*mrc-arene (enoc"'om %e'no( e+ro,&$o( naro'a + Sre2ren"c" ne ,ot-r)+%e,r"*na-an%e ,retr,l%en"4 ,atn%" n" o'(o-orno&t" on"4 $o%" &+ "4 nan"%el". Ona ne no&" + &e2"

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$l"ce tra%no( m"ra. Za %e'ne/ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 +-"%e$ 3e o&tat" le(en'e/ *a 'r+(e

ne$an%en" $r-n"c". 5e* *a%e'n"#$o( ,am3en%a/ ma $a$o ono 2"lo 2olno/ 5o&na &e ne3emo3" ne&metano o2no-"t". Ona 3e "-%et" ,o' &talnom ,r"%etn%om no-"4 c"$l+&a na&"l%a.

Vr"%e'no&t o-e $t"-ne 4a%$e na $o%+ &+ +tro0en" m"l"on" 'olara 'ale$o %e na'ma0"latro0$o-e &+)en%a + Ha(+. Za0to ra&,ore'"t" tol"$o &na(a *a *a-ara-an%e rta-a/ I7T8>a "

%a-no( mn"%en%a "l+*"%om 'a 3e o-a '-a *lo#"nca %e'no( 'ana 2"t" "*-e'ena ,re'me)+naro'n" &+' A$o -el"$e &"le na&ta-e + $ra%n%o% "n&tanc" o'l+#"-at" o &+'2"n" (la-n"4ratn"4 " teror"&t"#$"4 *lo#"naca/ ra*lo*" $o%" "4 na-o'e 'a 'e <acto ,r"*na%+ ne$an%"-o&tKara'"3+ " Mla'"3+ " 'al%e &+ ne%a&n". I 74arle& Ta-lor %e ta$o)er/ + %e'nom tren+t$+/+"-ao ,o,+&tl%"-o&t *a,a'n%a$a. el%n" +#-r&t"t" m"r $o%" %e ,r"-eo $ra%+ #etrnae&t (o'"na(ra)an&$o( rata + L"2er"%" " + &+&%e'nom S"%era Leone+/ Amer"$anc" " Franc+*" &+ ::!.

2"-0e( l"2er"%&$o( ,re'&%e'n"$a *a0t"t"l" o' S+'a n+'e3" m+ *latn" a*"l + N"(er"%" + *am%en+*a o2e3an%e 'a 3e na,+&t"t" &-a ,ol"t"#$a ro-aren%a. Al" 2"-0" (o&,o'ar rata ne ,o0t+%e&-o%e o2a-e*e " na&ta-l%a 2"t" ,r"%etn%a &ta2"lno&t" re("%e. On %e !:. marta ::;. +4"3en ",re'an m%e0o-"to% %+r"&'"$c"%" S"%era Leonea ,r"%e ne(o 0to %e ,re2a#en + Ha(. UKara'"3e-+ " Mla'"3e-+ &l+#a%+/ -el"$e &"le n"&+ &matrale o,ort+n"m m"%en%at" &-o%+,ol"t"$+/ #a$ n" (o'"namana$on m"ro-n"4 &,ora*+ma. N"$ome n"%e ,o*nat ,ra-" ra*lo(o-e ne-%ero-atne t-r'o(la-o&t".

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Ra*lo*" *2o( $o%"4 n"%e +4"3en O&ama 5"n La'en/ -o)a Al>^a"'e/ "*(le'a%+ man%e ta%no-"t".

N%e(o-o +4"3en%e " &+)en%e ,re' amer"#$"m -o%n"m &+'om "*a*-al" 2" ta$a- -al o'ma*'a'a %e 2e* &+mn%e ra*2or"t"%e o'+&tat". Amer"#$a -la'a &tra4+%e -%ero-atno 'a nera&,olae 'o-ol%n"m 'o$a*"ma $a$o 2" +t-r'"la n%e(o-+ "n'"-"'+aln+ o'(o-orno&t +atentat"ma $o%e "*-o'e #lano-" mno(o&tr+$o ra*(ranate mree. N" %e'an o' o-"4ar(+menata ne moe &e ,r"m"%en"t" na Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Kao n" &tra4o-an%e 'a 3e &e&+)en%e ,ret-or"t" + tr"2"n+ *a &r,&$+ ,ro,a(an'+. Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 " Vo%"&la- e0el%,rete$l" &+ "4. Da 2" &e #+l" n%"4o-" (la&o-"/ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 ra&,ola+ ne$"m 'ra("m&re'&t-"ma " 'o-ol%n"m 2ro%em ,r"&ta0a.

o'"ne 11. na $ra%+ ,r-o( *al%e-&$o( rata/ Mar(aret T4atc4er " eor(e 5+&4 &tar"%",o'&%e3al" &+ na ,otre2+ 'a &e &+'" Sa'am+ H+&e"n+/ a na $ra%+ &+ o'+&tal" *2o(

na(o'2" & t"ran"nom $o%e 2" &+)en%e mo(lo ot$r"t".B

5+&4 mla)" '"%el" "&t+ *a2r"n+to&t::!. (o'"ne/ al" o'l+#an ,o&t"3" o&+'+ &-r(n+to( '"$tatora/ o&"(+ra-a *ale)e&t-aran%em Ira#$o( &,ec"%alno( &+'a 6TSI9 " &tro(o na'*"re &+'&$" me4an"*am $a$o 2""*2%e(ao 2"lo $a$-o ne+(o'no "*nena)en%e.G Vel"$e &"le n"&+ n"$a'a "male ta$-+ mo3m"%e0an%a + ,o&lo-e I7>T8>a. Ia$o &+ &e +-"%e$ tr+'"le *a+*'at" n%e(o-+ *nat"el%+/ n%"4o-a&e mo3 ",a$ *a+&ta-l%ala na -rat"ma &+'n"ce. Me)+t"m/ mno(" na&l+3+%+ 'a Kara'"3 "Mla'"3 ,o*na%+ ta%ne o +lo*" me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"c+ *a -r"%eme rata/ o nal"#%+De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma/ o ,re,+0tan%+ Sre2ren"ce &na(ama (enerala $o%" %e mno(o ,+tana%a-"o &+'2"n+ $o%+ %e nam"%en"o m+&l"man&$om &tano-n"0t-+ te en$la-e $a' ,re+*me$ontrol+ na' n%om. To &+ %a-ne ta%ne/ "&to ta$o ,o*nate $ao " one $o%e %e *nao Sa'amH+&e"n/ al" mo'a %o0 o,a&n"%e *a *a,a'ne -la'e. Na(a)an%a &e 0"re. No n"t$o n"%e +&,"o

ot$r"t" ta%n+ 0+tn%e -el"$"4&"la/ #a$ n" 7arla 'el Ponte. T+"tel%"ca &e ",a$ o*2"l%no 2a-"lat"m ,"tan%em "*me)+ ::!. " ::G. Ona %e ,ro,"t"-ala Jac+e&a 74"raca o +&t+,c"ma *ao&lo2a)an%e n%e(o-"4 ,la-"4 $ac"(a "l" ,"lota/ $o%" &+/ %e'n" *a 'r+("ma 2"l" &r,&$" taoc"/ aon &e *a$leo 'a n"%e 2"la +(o-orena n"$a$-a ne$an%"-o&t. I&,"t"-ala %e " R"c4ar'aHol2roo$ea/ tra"la o' amer"#$e -la'e &-e "n<ormac"%e $o%e &e o'no&e na &,ora*+m&$lo,l%en + %+l+ 1;. & Kara'"3em/ " &-e ane$&e &,ora*+ma. N"%e 'o2"la n"0ta o&"m2"%e&a " l%+t"to( 'emant"%a amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e.

B R"%e# %e ,o&e2no o ,ol"t"#$o% ,o'r0c" " ma&"-no% -o%no% ,omo3"/ +$l%+#+%+3" t+ " $em"%&$o or+%e/$o%e &+ m+ 'a-al" *a,a'n%ac" 'o$ &+ &e &l+"l" Sa'amom H+&e"nom ,rot"- I&lam&$e re,+2l"$eIrana. Ka' %e + o$to2r+ ::G. *a,o#elo n%e(o-o &+)en%e/ 2"o %e ,ro(on%en &amo *ato 0to %e 1.nare'"o m+#en%e " &ma$n+3e 1B S"%"ta "* &ela D+%a"l + o'ma*'" *a ,o$+0a% n%e(o-a +2o%&t-a. Te$ %e + a,r"l+ ::;. o,t+en *a (enoc"' + &el+ An<al " ,o$ol% + Hala2%"/ tra("#nom &"m2ol+ +2"%an%a

1:



$+r'&$o( &tano-n"0t-a ,l"nom ,o nalo(+ Sa'ama H+&e"na *a -r"%eme $o%e( %e ,o("n+lo -"0e o'

1: ::: o&o2a. Al" to %e ,re'met o'-o%eno( &+)en%a $o%e %e *a,o#elo 1. a+(+&ta/ ne$ol"$om%e&ec" ,r"%e n%e(o-e o&+'e na &mrt/G. no-em2ra. Sa'am H+&e"n o2%e0en %e !:. 'ecem2ra ::;./ ,r"%e ne(o 0to %e +&,"o *a,o#et"&-o%+ o2ran+ na tom 'r+(om &+)en%+. S+)en%e %e na&ta-l%eno + na*o#no&t" n%e(o-"4&+o,t+en"$a. G S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e 'ale &+ 1! m"l"ona 'olara *a +&,o&ta-l%an%eIra#$o( &,ec"%alno( &+'a " ,r"&$r2"le ,e'e&eta$ amer"#$"4/ al" "&to ta$o " 2r"tan&$"4 " a+&tral&$"4,ra-n"$a/ "&tra"tel%a " ar4"-"&ta/ o$+,l%en"4 + %e'nom +re'+ *a -e*+/ Re("me 7r"me L"a"&on Oce/,ro'+l%enom r+$om F5I>%a *a $o%" &e &matra 'a %e &t-arna mo3 $o%a &e $r"%e "*a S+'a. S%e'"n%eneAmer"#$e Dra-e ,omo(le &+ ,ra-o&+)+ + Ira$+ 'a &$+," 'o$a*e " ,re'ale m+ tone 'o$+menata.Amer"#$" ,e#at 2"o %e ta$o -"'l%"- 'a (a %e M"c4ael Sc4ar</ amer"#$" ,ro<e&or me)+naro'no( ,ra-a*a'+en o' &-o%e *eml%e 'a <orm"ra "ra#$e &+ce Ira#$o( &,ec"%alno( &+'a/ na*-ao Intern"m"nternac"onal"*"ran"m &+'om.

11



>Sre4renič(a sraota>

U&tra%no o'2"%an%e -el"$"4 &"la 'a +4"te Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a "l" 'a o&"(+ra%+ n%"4o-o"*r+#en%e I7T8>+ ,o$a*alo &e t"%e$om '-anae&t (o'"na ,o-e*ano & n%"4o-"m ne'o&tat$om-ol%e 'a &,r"%e#e ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c". I + to% &tra0no% #"n%en"c" tre2alo 2" tra"t" o'(o-or na*a(onet$+ Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a.

Par"*/ Lon'on " a&4"n(ton ,ro,+&t"l" &+ 1G. (o'"ne ,o'+*et" &-e ,otre2ne m%ere 'a 2"&e &,r"%e#"o (enoc"' $o%" &e/ $ora$ ,o $ora$/ ,r",remao ,re' na0"m o#"ma. Ve3 1!.,ron"cl%"-" me)+naro'n" ,re'&ta-n"c"/ na*-al" &+ &te*an%e o2r+#a o$o o,&%e'n+te en$la-e,ola(an"m (enoc"'om "l" ,o&t+,n"m (enoc"'om/; &"t+ac"%om $o%a %e ta'a na-elaV"%e3e &"(+rno&t" 'a/ ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,o&l"%e/ &ta-" Sre2ren"c+ " n%e*"no &tano-n"0t-o ,o'

*a0t"t+ U%e'"n%en" naro'a. O&"m mo(+3e( ra*aran%a/ n"t$o n"%e mo(ao ne 2"t" &-%e&tanmo(+3no&t" ,o$ol%a $o%a ,r"%et" + tren+t$+ $a' &e Mla'"3 'o#e,a en$la-e. T"%e$om c"%ele,o&l%e'n%e o<en*"-e ,rot"- Sre2ren"ce/ o' ;. 'o 11. %+la 1G./ -el"$e &"le n"&+/ 'a$le/,re&ta%ale t-r'"t" 'a &r,&$e &na(e/ +nato# n%"4o-+ na,re'o-an%+ nema%+ nam%er+ *a+*et"en$la-+. H"ne3" "*nena)en%e/ one &+/ ne ma$n+-0" ,r&tom/ ,+&t"le Mla'"3a 'a +)e + (ra'11. %+la 1G. ,o#et$om ,o&l"%e,o'ne-a. Zat"m &+ 'o,+&t"le 'a m+0$arce o'-o%e o'o&talo( &tano-n"0t-a/ ne nametn+-0" +-%ete ,r"&"lne e-a$+ac"%e/ ne na&to%e3" %ena'*"rat". S+,rotno o' Lo+"&e Ar2o+r + -r"%eme Ko&o-a/ n%e*"n ,ret4o'n"$ R"c4ar'ol'&tone *a#+'o n"%e el"o %a-no +,o*or"t" &r,&$e &na(e " n%"4o-e -o)e 'a "4 &e &,remao,t+"t" *a ,ro0le *lo#"ne. Me)+t"m/ mno(" &+ *a2r"n+t" *na%+3" 'a %e &tano-n"0t-o

Sre2ren"ce na m"lo&t" " nem"lo&t" o&-etol%+2"-o( " $r-olo#no( &r,&$o( (enerala. Jac+e&

74"rac 'ao %e to na *nan%e " ,o$+0a-a +-%er"t" &-o%e ,artnere 'a "nter-en"ra%+. Je'anae&to( %+la <ranc+&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ &a-%et+%e Vel"$o% 5r"tan"%"/ S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"mDra-ama " N%ema#$o% 'a &"lom ,o-rate t+ en$la-+. S+tra'an/ Franc+&$a &e o2ra3aV"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" " ,ono-no "*%a-l%+%e 'a %e -ol%na &ta-"t" &-o%e &na(e na ra&,ola(an%e *a&-a$+ -o%n+ o,erac"%+ $o%a 2+'e ,roc"%en%ena $or"&nom " o&t-ar"-om. Tr"nae&to( %+la74"rac +&tra%a-a " na*"-a 5"lla 7l"ntona 'a (a +-%er" 'a ,r+" <ranc+&$"m tr+,ama ,o'r0$+amer"#$"4 ,rot+ten$o-&$"4 4el"$o,tera $a$o 2" &e ot-or"o ,+t ,rema Sre2ren"c". I 'a m+$ae= U Sre2ren"c" &+ m+0$arce/ $o%"ma ,r"%et" o,a&no&t 'a 2+'+ *a$lan" a$o &+ +'o-ol%no &tar" 'a mo(+ no&"t" or+%e/ o'-o%"l" o' ena. 7"-"l"*"ran" &e naro'" mora%+&+,rot&ta-"t" <a0"*m+ " ,ro-e&t" o'l+#n+ " o(ran"#en+ -o%n+ o,erac"%+ 6...9/ o&"m a$o &+ &eo'l+#"l" *a ,ol"t"$+ na,+0tan%a +&,ore'"-+ & onom $o%a %e -la'ala *a -r"%eme Dr+(o(

&-%et&$o( rata.

U&,ore'"-+ naro#"to & onom $o%a %e ,etnae&t m%e&ec" ,r"%e ,r"m"%en%ena+ R+an'". 5o%e3" &e ,otre2e *a "nter-enc"%om amer"#$"4 &na(a + A<r"c"/ 7l"nton %e + a,r"l+1B. tra"o ,o-la#en%e ,la-"4 $ac"(a "* MINAUR>a $a' &+ ,o$ol%" -e3 2"l" na-el"$o*a,o#el" " $a' n"%e -"0e 2"lo n" na%man%e &+mn%e + n%"4o- (enoc"'n" $ara$ter. Ne&$lon

1



an(a"ran%+ amer"#$"4 tr+,a na 2o&an&$om tl+/ 7l"nton o'2"%a. Ko Annan/ %o0 +-"%e$

*a,o-%e'n"$ o,erac"%a *a o'ra-an%e m"ra ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma/ ,roc%en%+%e<ranc+&$" ,r"%e'lo( nereal"&t"#n"m " ne"*-e'"-"m. Par"* o'+&ta%e. Vel"$e &"le o'l+#+%+ %o0 %e'nom ne ,o'+*et" n"0ta +nato# ,r-"m "*-%e0ta%"ma $o%" ,ot-r)+%+ ,o#eta$ &+&ta-n"4&ma$n+3a. Ota'a n"&+ ,re&tale o&,ora-at"/ +nato# o#"to&t"/ ,re'-"'"-o&t ,o$ol%a +Sre2ren"c" " *ata0$a-at" &-a$" 'o$a* $o%" ,ot-r)+%e 'a &+ (a one &ame mo(le

; I*ra* $o%"m &e ,o&l+"o D"e(o Arr"a/ -ele,o&lan"$ Vene*+ele ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma/ na $ra%+&-o%e m"&"%e + en$la-" Sre2ren"ce + mart+ 1!. Vel"$e &+ &"le/ '-a m%e&eca ,r"%e/ + ma%+ 1G.nametn+le Hr-at&$o% ,r"&+tno&t me)+naro'n"4 ,re'&ta-n"$a + a+to2+&"ma $o%" &+ e-a$+"ral" Sr2e*aro2l%ene $a' %e Hr-at&$a -o%&$a -ra3ala *a,a'n+ Sla-on"%+/ $o%a %e o' 11. 2"la + r+$ama,o2+n%en"4 Sr2a. Ka' -e3 n"&+ 4t%ele o&,or"t" Mla'"3e-+ -o%n+ ,o2%e'+ + Sre2ren"c" " tra"t" o'n%e(a ,o-la#en%e tr+,a "* en$la-e *a0t"3ene o'l+$om V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ mo(le &+ 2arem

*a4t"%e-at" ,r"&+tno&t UNH7R>a " 7r-eno( $r"a *a -r"%eme ,r"&"lno( ,re&el%a-an%a &tano-n"0t-aSre2ren"ce + *am%en+ *a 2en*"n $o%" %e Mla'"3 o' n%"4 tra"o. Um%e&to to(a/ on" &+/ ne trae3" n"0ta*a+*-rat/ 'al" 2en*"n $o%" %e omo(+3"o 'e,ort"ran%e ena/ '%ece " &taraca " e-a$+ac"%+ m+0$araca,rema m%e&t+ ,o(+2l%en%a. 98 I*-%e0ta% o Sre2ren"c" ,arlamentarne o2a-%e0ta%ne m"&"%e/ &a&l+0an%e Jean>Da-" Le-"ttea "* !:. %an+ara ::1./ '",lomat&$o( &a-%etn"$a ,re'&%e'n"$a 74"raca o' ma%a1G. 'o 'ecem2ra 1. ???.a&&em2lee nat"onale.<r@'o&&"er&@&re2ren"ca.

1!

http://www.assemblee-nationale.fr/dossiers/srebrenica





,re'-"'%et".

o'"n+ 'ana na$on 0to &+ 'o,+&t"l" 'a &e "*-r0" (enoc"' + R+an'"/ Lon'on/ Par"*/a&4"n(ton " n%"4o-" &a-e*n"c" ,ono-no &+ ,ro,+&t"l" &,r"%e#"t" (enoc"'na '%ela *2o(,oman%$an%a &re'&ta-a/ ne(o *2o( ne'o&tat$a ,ol"t"#$e -ol%e. Kao 0to ne'o&tata$&re'&ta-a n"%e 2"o ra*lo( n" *a to 0to &+ ,ro,+&t"l" ,re'at" Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a S+'+ ",o'+*et" &-e ,otre2ne m%ere 'a ,r"&"le Sr2"%+/ "l" &-a$+ 'r+(+ 'ra-+/ 'a ,ro-e'e n%"4o-o+4"3en%e. Pro(on "*-r0"tel%a (enoc"'a/ +o&talom/ '+no&t %e na $o%+ &+ &e o2a-e*ale'ra-e/ na temel%+ &tat+ta I7T8>a/ al" " Kon-enc"%e *a &,re#a-an%e " $an%a-an%e *lo#"na(enoc"'a "* 1B. U &-o%o% o'l+c" o' ;. <e2r+ara ::. Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e 6I7J9 nato %e ,o'&%et"o " o&+'"o Sr2"%+ *2o( to(a 0to n"%e ,re'ala Rat$a Mla'"3a I7>T8>+. Franc+&$a

%e rat"c"rala Kon-enc"%+ 1G:./ Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a 1:./ S%e'"n%ene Dra-e 1;./ a R+&"%a

%o0 1B.M+#en" &re2ren"#$om &ramotom Par"*/ Lon'on " a&4"n(ton n"&+ &m%el" "mat" 'r+("4,r"or"teta 'ol" "&,ra-"t" ne,ra-'+ rt-ama "*r+#"-0" Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a I7T8>+. Vel"$e &"le&+ &e/ me)+t"m/ o'ma4 " tra%no o'l+#"le *a &ramot+ *a '-o&tr+$" ,ro,+&t/ o&ta-"-0"Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a na &lo2o'". O-a '-o&tr+$a "*'a%a c"-"l"*"ran"4 naro'a ,r$o&" ra*+m+/o&"m a$o ne &l+" *a ,r"$r"-an%e ne$e (ore &ramote $o%+ n"$a$-a 'al%n%a a$c"%a ne 2"mo(la "&,ra-"t".

Sr2"%a %e "*ne-%er"la &-o%+ '+no&t &,re#a-an%a " $an%a-an%a (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c" *ato0to %e &+'%elo-ala + n%e(o-o% ,r",rem" " + n%e(o-+ ,ro-o)en%+. M"lo0e-"3 %e 4t"o/ nater"tor"%+ o2l"$o-anom + $r-" " $o%e %e ,o&talo etn"#$" 4omo(eno/ ,o&t"3" ,r"*na-an%e no-e

&r,&$e 'ra-e + o$-"r+ 5o&ne $o%+ %e +*al+'no ,o$+0a-ao +n"0t"t". Po#et$om 1!./ 7-r+&Vance/ amer"#$" ,re(o-ara# $o%e( &+ o,+nomo3"l" U%e'"n%en" naro'"/ re$ao m+ %e 'a ne3en"$a'a ,o&t"3" ,r"*nan%e &r,&$e 'ra-e $o%+ &+ n%e(o-" ,o+*'an"c" &amo,ro(la&"l" nao&-o%en"m ,o'r+#%"ma + 5o&n". Pre' t-r'o(la-o03+ Sr2a + o'2"%an%+ &-a$o( &,ora*+ma om"r+/ -el"$e &"le &+ ,o#et$om 1B. ",a$ ,o,+&t"le. M"lo0e-"3 %e ta'a ,o-%er"o &-o%o%o$ol"n"= V%er+%te m"/ n"&am o#e$"-ao 'a 3e nam ona 6me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca/ o,. a.9 'at",olo-"c+ ter"tor"%a. Na %e'nom &a&tan$+ Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane/ 1. %an+ara 1G./,rec"*"rao %e "&to% to% o$ol"n"= 5e* -o%ne ,o2%e'e/ me)+naro'na nam *a%e'n"ca ne 2"n"$a'a 'ala 'a ,o'"%el"mo na'-o%e 5o&n+ " Herce(o-"n+ %er n"$a'a t"%e$om c"%ele ,o-"%e&t"n"%e 2"lo ne$e &r,&$e 'ra-e na tom ,o'r+#%+. M"lo0e-"3 %e 'o2"o o$la'+/ al" Sre2ren"ca/en$la-a + 2l"*"n" e,e " ona *a,a'n"%a/ ora'e/ ,re'&ta-l%ale &+ + ,rol%e3e 1G.

,o&l%e'n%e ,re,re$e 'o-r0en%+ n%e(o-a ,lana. 5e* +$lan%an%a en$la-a Sre2ren"ce " e,e/,ol"t"#$" ent"tet $o%" &+ m+ -el"$e &"le o2e3ale + 5o&n"/ $a$o 2" (a ,ota$n+le 'a +)e +,re(o-ore o m"r+/ n"%e mo(ao *a"-%et". On 2" o&tao ,re$"n+t oto#"3em m+&l"man&$o(&tano-n"0t-a + &re'"n"/ +* o,a&no&t 'a (a *a *elen"m &tolom ,o'"%ele na '-a *a&e2na

1B



'"%ela. M"lo0e-"3 " &r,&$" r+$o-o'"oc" + 5o&n" *a4t"%e-al" &+ &r,&$+ 'ra-+/ o#"03en+ o'

n%e*"na c%elo$+,no( m+&l"man&$o( &tano-n"0t-a. Na$on Datona/ M"lo0e-"3 %e &la-"o,o-"%e&n+ ,o2%e'+. Imamo ,olo-"c+ 5o&ne Re,+2l"$+ O' #et"r" 6m"ro-na o,. a.9,lana/ ta% %e na%2ol%" *a Sr2e. On" "ma%+ &-e (ra'o-e '+ Sa-e/ tr" (ra'a + +n+tra0n%o&t" "c"%el+ 'ol"n+ Dr"ne/ o&"m ora'a. To %e ,e'e&et (ra'o-a " '-a'e&et " ,et 4"l%a'a#et-orn"4 $"lometara Tre2at 3e "m ,o&lat" natra( &-e 6&r,&$e o,. a.9 "*2%e(l"ce $o%" &+$o' na& 'a "ma%+ $"me na,+#"t" &-o%e ter"tor"%e/ "*%a-"o %e #lano-"ma Vr4o-no( &a-%etao2rane ;. 'ecem2ra 1G. + 5eo(ra'+. Po&l"%e M"lo0e-"3a Sr2"%a %e el%ela &a#+-at"(la-ne &te#e-"ne rata +t-r)ene + Daton+ " tr+'"la &e 'a ne ,o'+*me n"0ta 0to 2" "4mo(lo 'o-e&t" + ,"tan%e. A$o %e %e'an '"o ,ol"t"#ara $ona#no o&+'"o ,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c"/&-" &+ &r,&$" '+no&n"c" o'2"l" ,r"*nat" *lo#"na#$" $ara$ter ,lana na #"%em %e #el+ 2"oM"lo0e-"3/ $o%" %e/ na%,r"%e na teren+/ a *at"m *a ,re(o-ara#$"m &tolom/ nametn+o

,ol"t"#$+ " etn"#$+ ,o'%el+ 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne/ a #"%a %e $ra%n%a eta,a 2"la Sre2ren"ca.

5+'+3" 'a &+ rt-o-ale &tano-n"0t-o Sre2ren"ce na oltar %e'no( m"ro-no( ,lana $o%"*a,a'n%a#$" o,ort+n"*am n"%e *nao 'r+(a#"%e nametn+t"/ -el"$e &"le&+ o,et *anemar"le&-o%+ '-o&tr+$+ o2a-e*+. Mo%e &+ (la-ne +,+te 2"le 'a rt-+%em Sre2ren"c+/ e,+ "ora'e " %a &am m"&l"o 'a %e to (re0$a/ ,o-%era-a R"c4ar' Hol2roo$e + no-em2r+ ::G.,r"l"$om 'e&ete o2l%etn"ce De%ton&$o( &,ora*+ma. o'"n+ 'ana ,o&l"%e Amer"$anac,o-la#" &-o%e r"%e#"/ al" #"n%en"ce o&ta%+= Sre2ren"ca " mala &+&%e'na en$la-a e,a/ta$o)er na&tan%ena 2o&an&$"m "*2%e(l"cama "* ,r-"4 -alo-a etn"#$o( #"03en%a/ ,ale &+ +r+$e (enerala Mla'"3a + %+l+ 1G. " 'ane Sr2"ma na m"ro-n"m ,re(o-or"ma + no-em2r+1G. $a' %e &t-arno&t *lo#"na 2"la -e3 'o$a*ana " ,otan$o ,r"$a*ana/ *a4-al%+%+3" ,r-"m

"&tra(ama I7T8>a/ + &a&-"m no-o% o,t+n"c" ,rot"- Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a " Rat$a Mla'"3a o'1;. no-em2ra 1G.

1G



Franc+&$a $o%a %e/ (la&om &-o%e( ,re'&%e'n"$a/ ,o*"-ala na '%elo-an%e 'a 2" &e &,r"%e#"l"

,o$ol%"/ na $ra%+ %e ,r"&tala na ne'%elo-an%e "/ ra'" m"ra/ &a &-o%"m &a-e*n"c"ma ,r"4-at"la,o&l%e'"ce (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c". Vel"$e &"le 'o,+&t"le &+ 'a "m &e nametn+ +-%et" m"ra "omo(+3"le on"ma $o%" &+ "*ra*"l" &-o%e (enoc"'ne nam%ere 'a "4 o&t-are " 'a ta$o 'o-r0e,ro-o)en%e &-o%e( ,lana. Vel"$e &"le na(ra'"le &+ + Daton+ one/ $o%" &+ ne$ol"$o t%e'ana,r"%e &+&ta-no 'e,ort"ral" " +2"%al" m+&l"man&$o &tano-n"0t-o te en$la-e 'o'"%el"-0" "m,ol%a &mrt"/ a *at"m "m omo(+3"l" 'a "4 na&ele ,o &-o%o% -ol%" $a$o 2" *a+-"%e$ "*m"%en"l"etn"#$+ &tr+$t+r+. Ota'a on" n"&+ ,re&tal" +man%"-at" (enoc"' o'2"%a%+3" &+'"t" (la-n"mo$r"-l%en"c"ma " ,o$+0a-a%+3" &,r"%e#"t" I7T8 'a +$ae na "*ra-n+ M"lo0e-"3e-+o'(o-orno&t te ne ,o'+*"ma%+3" n"$a$-+ +#"n$o-"t+ m%er+ 'a o&"(+ra ,o-rata$,re"-%el"4.1:: D-anae&t (o'"na ,o&l"%e t"4 'o(a)a%a/ man%e o' 4"l%a'+ n%"4 +&,%elo &e,ono-o -rat"t" + Sre2ren"c+. Kara'"3e-a " Mla'"3e-a *a(onet$a ,o#"-a/ 'a$le/ na

&,onama $o%e ,o-e*+%+ *lo#"n " m"r. N%"4o-o &+)en%e tre2alo %e "*n"%et" na -"'%elo nam%er++n"0ta-an%a/ "&tre2l%"-an%a l%+'"/ 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana "* Sre2ren"ce $ao &$+,"ne/ ta$o 'a*a+-"%e$ "*2r"0e n%"4o-+ ,r"&+tno&t na ,r"el%$"-anom ter"tor"%+ 2e* $o%e(a %e M"lo0e-"3o'2"%ao ,ot,"&at" m"r. S+)en%e ,re' I7T8>em lo$aln"m *a,o-%e'n"c"ma +m"%e0an"ma +,o$ol% + Sre2ren"c" omo(+3"lo %e 'a &e +t-r'" "&t"na o *lo#"n+ $o%" ,ra-o $-al"c"ra $ao(enoc"'. Al" t"m &+)en%"ma/ ,o&-e3en"ma &amo "*-r0"tel%"ma/ n"%e 2"o c"l% ra&-"%etl"t"a$t"-na " ,a&"-na &+'"on"0t-a $o%a &+ omo(+3"la ta% *lo#"n. S+)en%e Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+moralo %e/ na,rot"-/ ,r"'on"%et" 'a &e ,o$ol% "* %+la 1G. ,o&ta-" + n%e(o- $onte$&t " 'a,r+" 'etal%n+ re$on&tr+$c"%+ ,ot$e 'o(a)a%a $o%" &+ 'o-el" 'o ,o$ol%a + Sre2ren"c"/ t"m,rec"*n"%om + ,o%e'"no&t"ma 0to tre2a 'o$a*at" (enoc"'n+ nam%er+/ n%e*"n to$ " "*-ore.

Jer &+,rotno M"lo0e-"3+ " Mla'"3+/ Kara'"3 n"%e &amo o&+mn%"#en 'a %e ,lan"rao/ ,ot"cao

na "*-r0en%e " nare'"o ,o$ol%e "* %+la 1G./ ne(o 'a %e #a$ " ,r"%e ,o#et$a rata "*n"o ,lan$o%" %e ot-oreno te"o ,ot,+nom "l" '%elom"#nom +n"0ten%+ 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana/ *at"m'a (a %e ,ro-o'"o "l" ,oma(ao 'a &e ,ro-o'" ne,re$"'no/ &-e 'o !:. no-em2ra 1G.om"lan%e #"n%en"ca o' 11. "*n"%elo 2" na -"'%elo -"0e ne(o "$a' ne-%ero-atne ,o(re0$e ",ro,+&te me)+naro'n"4 a$tera $o%" n"$a'a n"&+ ,r"2a-"l" &re'&t-a *a &,re#a-an%e o-o(a,lana #"%e &+ re*+ltate $ona#no ,ot-r'"l" *na%+3" o #em+ %e r"%e#. V"0e ne(o 2"lo 0to 'r+(o/o-o 2" &+)en%e ne"*2%eno ,ono-no ot-or"lo 2olno ,"tan%e moralne/ ,ol"t"#$e " e-ent+alno$a*nene o'(o-orno&t" -el"$"4 &"la.

5r"l%"-a re$on&tr+$c"%a c"%elo( &l"%e'a 'o(a)a%a &"(+rno 2" na $ra%+ +*'rmala neo&no-an+te*+/ $o%+ -e3 %e 'e&et (o'"na name3+ " 2e* "*m%ena 2rane -o%n" anal"t"#ar" I7T8>a + &-"m

,re'met"ma $o%" &e t"#+ Sre2ren"ce= 2+'+3" 'a &r,&$" ,ol"t"#$" " -o%n" r+$o-o'"oc" n"&+"mal" nam%er+ *a+*et" en$la-+/ 'o o'l+$e o ,o$ol%+ 'o0lo %e na$on ,a'a Sre2ren"ce. T+te*+ r+0e ,r"*nan%a ne$"4 &+'"on"$a/ $ao 0to %e M"ro&la- Deron%"3/ " ,r"&+tno&t $oman'o&a&mrt" ,o&lan"4 na teren -"0e o' '-a t%e'na ,r"%e ,a'a (ra'a. Al" +nato# &-em+ ona &e

1;



o'ra-a *a4-al%+%+3" %e'nom 'o$+ment+/ nare'2" o na,a'+ $o%" %e &l+2eno ,o*"-ao ne

'a &e *a+*me en$la-a Sre2ren"ca/ ne(o 'a &e &-e'e na -el"#"n+ (ra'a/ ta$o 'a &e+-%ete ,re"-l%a-an%a &tano-n"0t-a +#"n" ne,o'no0l%"-"ma " 'a &e &t-ore +-%et" *a+$"'an%e en$la-e. Plan ,o*nat ,o' $o'n"m "menom Kr"-a%a G $o%"/ *a#+'o/ n"%e'en"rao n"$a$a- no-" c"l% %er %e ta#no o,"&"-ao &"t+ac"%+ $o%a %e ,re-la'a-ala o' *"me1!. $a' &+ &r,&$e &na(e ,r-" ,+t ,o$+0ale *a+*et" Sre2ren"c+ ,r"%e ne(o 0to "4 %e +n%"4o-+ *alet+ *a+&ta-"o (eneral P4"l",,e Mor"llon.1:1 Vo%na o,erac"%a "* 1G. +l%e,0anae+<em"*m"ma 'a ne "*a*o-e o&+'+

Hol2roo$e R"c4ar'/ "nter-%+ 'an tele-"*"%&$o% mre" Ha%at "* Sara%e-a " em"t"ran 1. no-em2ra::G.

1:: Tre3e( ma%a ::. me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca "meno-ala %e ,r-" ,+t ,o&e2no( "*a&lan"$a *a (ra'Sre2ren"c+. Na ta% %e ,oloa% ,o&ta-l%en 7l"Yor' 5on'/ 2"-0" amer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". Ta %e o'l+$a 'one&ena na *a4t%e- 2o0n%a#$"4 ,re'&ta-n"$a Sre2ren"ce 'a &e (ra'+,r"*na ,o&e2an &tat+& $a$o 2" (a "*+*el" "* &r,&$o( ent"teta + 5o&n" " ta$o ,ota$l" ,o-rata$,re"-%el"4. Vel"$e &"le 'o&a' &+ %e'no(la&no o'2"%ale ta% *a4t%e-.

1:1 eneral P4"l",,e Mor"llon *a,o-"%e'a &na(ama UN>a + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" $a' +mart+ 1!. UN +la*" + Sre2ren"c+ " o2e3a-a &tano-n"0t-+= Ne3+ -a& na,+&t"t".Mla'"3e-e &+ &na(e ta'a na -rat"ma Sre2ren"ce " ra#+na%+ na UN *a e-a$+ac"%+&tano-n"0t-a en$la-e. Mor"llon 3e "4 ,r"&"l"t" 'a &e ,o-+$+ ,o&t"(a-0" 'a V"%e3e &"(+rno&t""*(la&a re*ol+c"%+ $o%a o're)+%e Sre2ren"c+ $ao *on+ ,o' *a0t"tom U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a.

1



*a,a'n%a$a/ ",a$ %e *a4t"%e-ala tr" m%e&eca ,r",rema/ ,o&e2no 'a 2" o'&%e$la l"n"%e

o,&$r2e &na(a UN>a ,r"&+tn"4 +n+tar en$la-e/ o&la2"la %o0 -"0e o,&%e'n+to &tano-n"0t-o*a2ranom ,r"&t+,a 4+man"tarn"m $on-o%"ma " 'o,+&t"la 5eo(ra'+ 'a o&"(+ra lo("&t"#$+,ot,or+ ,o'r0$+ " $oor'"nac"%+ &-"4 &na(a $o%e + n%o% &+'%el+%+. 5+'+3" 'a 5eo(ra' "*a,a'n%ac" n"&+ n"$a'a ,re'al" I7T8>+ 'o$+mente $o%e &+ "mal" o ,r",remno% <a*" o<en*"-e,rot"- Sre2ren"ce/ o $o%o% &+ +o&talom &-e *nal"/ T+"tel%&t-o &e n"%e n"malo *an"malo *a,ara'o$& Kr"-a%a G. O4ra2reno t-r'n%ama anal"t"#ara ,ro"*a0l"4 "* amer"#$e -o%no>o2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e/ ono %e 2e* "%e'ne r"%e#" ,r"4-at"o ono 0to &e t"m ,lanom el%elo,o&t"3" 'a &e ,o-%er+%e. Vel"$e &"le mo(la %e &amo -e&el"t" *a&l"%e,l%eno&t I7T8>a $o%" "4 n"%e'o-o'"o + ,"tan%e -%er+%+3" 'a one n"&+ mo(le ,re'-"'%et" ,o$ol% $o%" %e ,a' en$la-e #"n"o-%ero-atn"m. Po&l"%e "m %e 2"lo 'o-ol%no ,o2"%at" n%"4o- 'r+(" ,ro,+&t " t-r'"t" 'a &+ +#"n"le&-e 'a Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a "*r+#e ,ra-o&+)+.

Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 n"&+ ,r"-e'en" ,re' S+' 'a ne 2" o"-%el" &%e3an%e na &ramotan "*2or-el"$"4 *a,a'n"4 'emo$rac"%a 'a rt-+%+ &tano-n"0t-o Sre2ren"ce ,re,+&t"-0" (a &-%e&non%"4o-"m $r-n"c"ma " l"0"-0" *at"m ,re"-%ele n%"4o-e *eml%e " &+)en%a $o%e 2" "4 mo(lo"*-+3" "* a(on"%e " ,o-rat"lo "m 'o&to%an&t-o. I*2or $o%" &e ne moe o,ra-'at" " $o%"/ ,one$ol"$o o&no-a/ #"n" na0e -o)e &+'"on"c"ma na%(ore( $r-o,rol"3a + E+ro," o'4olo$a+&ta. Do$ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 ne 2+'+ "*-e'en" ,re' &+'&$+ "n&tanc+ ,ot,+noneo-"&n+ " 'o-ol%no %a$+ 'a &e &+,rot&ta-" &-"m ,o$+0a%"ma m"%e0an%a " cen*+re/ na0e'emo$rac"%e 3e &amo ,ro'+l%"-at" &ramot+. V"0e ne(o 0to "4 0t"t"/ n%"4o-o 3e o'2"%an%e 'a&+'e Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+/ $ao " %+#er n%"4o-o o'2"%an%e 'a 'o,+&te '"o "&t"ne $o%a %e"*ron"la na &+)en%+ M"lo0e-"3+/ &amo ,o-e3at" ,atn%+ rta-a/ ,ro'+2l%"-at" n%"4o-e rane "

,ot4ran%"-at" mrn%+. Ta$o '+(o 'o$ &e ,re"-%el" ne 2+'+ mo(l" o&lo2o'"t" 2remena&-o%"4 ,atn%"/ E+ro,a 3e o&%e3at" teret mrt-"4 Sre2ren"ce/ $o%" 3e/ ,o,+t &a2la&t" l+tat"Star"m Kont"nentom trae3" ,ra-'+.1:

IV. POGLAVLJE

Svršeta( i*re

I$ %e don&t maintain justi"e, justi"e %ill not maintain us.'()*ran"is +a"on '-'. /'01

Je'anae&to( &e,tem2ra &r+0en" &+ torn%e-">2l"*anc"... Po-+$l" &+ &a &o2om mno(o na'a/-r"%e'no&t"/ o2e3an%a " ,lano-a $o%" &+ na&tal" ,a'om 5erl"n&$o( *"'a. E,o4a $o%a t"me*a,o#"n%e man%e 3e 2r"n+t" o temel%n"m ,ra-"ma l%+'"/ a -"0e o n%"4o-o% &"(+rno&t".

Je'anae&t" &e,tem2ar n"%e +%e'"n"o &-"%et ,rot"- 2ar2ar&t-a/ ne(o (a %e ,olar"*"rao "

1



,ret-or"o + 2o%no ,ol%e. O*na#"o %e (r+2" +la*a$ + I. &tol%e3e + $o%em 3e/ #"n" &e/ 2"t"

o&+%e3eno tol"$o "&$ora$a $o%" &+ 'ota' "*(le'al" ne,o-ratn"ma. I*me)+ m"rol%+2"-o( .11. 1. " rato2orno( 11. . ::1. (. ,ro%e$t me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a +&,"o &" %e,ro$r#"t" ,+t. Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89/ $o%" &e &,rema*a,o#et" ,r-" me)+naro'n" ,roce& + ,o-"%e&t" ,rot"- %e'no( 0e<a 'ra-e/ nala*" &e na-r4+nc+ &la-e. Staln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779/ no0en +n"-er*al"&t"#$"m &nom/+,ra-o &e &,rema *a,o#et" & ra'om. D+2"n&$a '"nam"$a/ $o%a %e omo(+3"la te ,o-"%e&ne$ora$e na,r"%e' me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a/ ne moe ne&tat" + +&"%an"m r+0e-"namatorn%e-a>2l"*anaca. No11. &e,tem2ar ",a$ %e *at-or"o %e'n+ e,"*o'+ ,o-"%e&t"/ ,rom"%en"o ,r"or"tete/ o2rn+o re',r"or"teta. Me)+naro'no 3e ,ra-o&+)e +&$oro o&%et"t" -al to( +'arca. I7T8/ $o%" %e na,r-o% crt"/ ne3e 2"t" ,o0te)en.

1: Cet-rto( %+na ::. &$oro o&am 4"l%a'a ,re"-%el"4 " ro)a$a rta-a Sre2ren"ce,o'"(lo %e ,re' n"*o*em&$"m &+'om t+2+ ,rot"- U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a " N"*o*em&$e *2o(n%"4o-e o'(o-orno&t" + na,+0tan%+ &tano-n"0t-a en$la-e $o%+ &+ 2"l" *a'+en" 0t"t"t". 7"l%t+2e &a&to%" &e + +t-r)"-an%+ te0$"4 ,ro,+&ta N"*o*em&$e " UN>a + lanc+ o'l+$a $o%" %e,r"'on"o tra(e'"%". I*me)+ '-a'e&et ,et " tr"'e&et 4"l%a'a c"-"la ,otra"lo %e +to#"0te + "l"o$o -o%ne 2a*e $ont"n(enta n"*o*em&$"4 Pla-"4 $ac"(a. S+#el%eno & 4"l%a'+ &r,&$"4-o%n"$a/ #et"r"&to ,e'e&et -o%n"$a D+tc42ata 'o,+&t"lo %e 'a &e o'"%ele ene " m+0$arc".

1:! A$o m" ne &a#+-amo ,ra-'+/ ,ra-'a ne3e &a#+-at" na&.

1



O&am m%e&ec" ,r"%e/ *a %a$e &n%ene ol+%e/ 7arla 'el Ponte &t"(la %e + Da-o&. Do0la %e ,re'

na%mo3n"%"m l"#no&t"ma &-"%eta ,ol"t"$e " e$onom"%e na ,lanet+/ o$+,l%en"ma na S-%et&$ome$onom&$om <or+m+/ 2ran"t" ,"tan%e me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a " -ano&t 'a &e &tane na$ra% ne$an%"-o&t" mo3n"$a. A$o &a'a "*(+2"mo 4la'no$r-no&t/ 2+'+3" 3e '"$tator" mo3"2%eat" " &$r"-at" &e te 3e nam tre2at" mo'a " &tot"ne (o'"na 'a &e +&,ra-"mo "nametnemo *a$on ,ra-a na' *a$onom na&"l%a/ r"%e#" &+ $o%"ma &e o2rat"la &-o%"m&l+0atel%"ma;. %an+ara ::1. (. + -r"%eme $a' %e M"lo0e-"3 -e3 &-r(n+t & -la&t"/ al" %o0 n"%e +4"3en.O#e$"-ala %e ne$e o,3en"te o'(o-ore/ a 2e* &+mn%e " ne$e o2*"rne,ot"ca%e. Te0$o %eo&-o%"t" &l+0atel%&t-o $o%em+ *a4t%e-" me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e n"$a' n"&+ 2"l" ,r"or"tet.

Na n%e*"no -el"$o "*nena)en%e/ na$on n%e*"na na&t+,a/ '-orana %e +*a-rela. Ra&,ra-a %e2"la e&to$a. 7l"nton %e !1. 'ecem2ra :::. (./ ,o&l%e'n%e( 'ana &-o%e( man'ata/ ,r"%ene(o 0to 3e ,re'at" $l%+#e-e 5"%ele $+3e eor(e+ . 5+&4+/ +nato# &nan+ ,rot"-l%en%+Kon(re&a " &+*'rano&t" n%e(o-e Demo$rat&$e &tran$e/1:B ,ot,"&ao R"m&$" &,ora*+m$o%"m %e &t-oren &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779. O,ra-'a-a%+3" &-o% #"n "&ta$n+o

%e= To #"n"mo $a$o 2"&mo ,ot-r'"l" &-o%+ ,o'r0$+ na#el+ me)+naro'ne $a*neneo'(o-orno&t" & c"l%em ,re'a%e + r+$e ,ra-'e ,o#"n"tel%a (enoc"'a/ *lo#"na ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" " ratn"4 *lo#"na. To #"n"mo " *ato 'a o&tanemo + ,o&t+,$+ $o%" 3e + (o'"nama$o%e &l"%e'e omo(+3"t" Me)+naro'nom $a*nenom &+'+ 'a ,o&tane ne,r"&tran " +#"n$o-"t"n&tr+ment ,ra-'e. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e "ma%+ '+(+ tra'"c"%+ '%elo-an%a + ,r"lo($r"-"#ne o'(o-orno&t"/ %o0 o' na0e( &+'%elo-an%a na S+'+ + Nrn2er(+ ,a &-e 'o (la-ne+lo(e + na,or"ma $o%" &+ 'o-el" 'o +&,o&ta-l%an%a Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ " *a R+an'+. Na0e '%elo-an%e 'ana& '"o %e te tra'"c"%e. Je'an o' ,r-a$aRe,+2l"$an&$e &tran$e &enator Je&&e Helm& o'ma4 %e o'(o-or"o= O-a 'ana0n%a a$c"%ao#"t %e ,o$+0a% ,re'&%e'n"$a + o'la&$+ 'a *a-ee r+$e &-o%em na&l%e'n"$+. Ta &e o'l+$ane3e o'rat". Je'an o' mo%"4 ,r-"4 ,r"or"teta ,re' no-"m ,re'&ta-n"#$"m 'omom 2"t 3en%e*"no ,on"0ten%e " *a0t"ta amer"#$"4 -o%n"$a o' $a*neno( ,ro(ona to( me)+naro'no(,+#$o( tr"2+nala.1:G Donal' R+m&<el'/ $o%" %e 2"o ,re'-")en *a m"n"&tra o2rane na$on5+&4o-e ,o2%e'e na ,re'&%e'n"#$"m "*2or"ma + no-em2r+ :::. (./ o'ma4 %e na'o'ao=Amer"#$o -o'&t-o + &-"%et+ mo(lo 2" 2"t" ,r-a rt-a to(a &+'a/ *2o( ,r"&"la $o%e,ro"*la*e "* me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a.

N%"4o-" &a-e*n"c" $or"&te ,r"l"$+ $o%a %e &t-orena 'ola&$om 7arle 'el Ponte $a$o 2"/t"%e$om &amo %e'ne &%e'n"ce/ ,ret-or"l" Da-o& + <or+m ,rot"- I77>a. Me)+naro'no

,ra-o&+)e & +n"-er*alnom '"men*"%om t+ %e %a-no o,t+eno $ao ,r"%etn%a nac"onalno%&+-ereno&t"/ a %o0 -"0e $ao ,re,re$a &-a$om -o%nom '%elo-an%+ *eml%e $ao 0to &+S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e/ $o%e &+'%el+%+ + -an%&$"m o,erac"%ama + (oto-o &tot"n+'ra-a/ ,a ne ,r"4-a3a 'a n%e*"n" 'ra-l%an" "l" -o%n"c" na t"m ,o'r+#%"ma ,o'l"%e+

::



,ro,"&"ma/ ,o&t+,c"ma/ t+"tel%"ma " &+c"ma ,ra-o&+)a $o%e n"$om ne ,olae ra#+ne. U

Da-o&+ %e " re,+2l"$an&$" &enator "* M"nne&ote Orr"n . Hatc4. Kao ,re'&%e'n"$ S+'&$o(,o-%eren&t-a Senata +,o*ora-a 'a S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e nema%+ nam%er+rat"c"rat" ta% &,ora*+m. Na(la0a-a 'a S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ne ele ta$a-me)+naro'n" &+' $o%" 2" &+'"o ,re'&%e'n"$+ S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a *ato 0to %e'on"o o'l+$+ $o%o% %e c"l% &,a&"t" &tot"ne amer"#$"4 "-ota. No-a &e amer"#$aa'm"n"&trac"%a e&to$o &+,rot&ta-l%a ta$-om me)+naro'nom &+'&$om &+&ta-+ $o%" a,r"or" "*m"#e &-a$om 'ra-nom na'*or+ te "*lae &t-arno% &+'2eno% o,a&no&t" n%e*"nec"-"lne " -o%ne *a,o-%e'n"$a. S"t+ac"%a %e $om"#na. Na&+,rot 7arl" 'el Ponte $o%a cr,"na%-e3+ &na(+ "* &-o%e &amo&talno&t"/ '"o &l+0atel%&t-a +$a*+%e na o,a&no&t" &amo&-o%n"4o'l+$a &talno(

1:B U %+l+ 1. (. &tot"n+ " '-a'e&et 'ra-a ,ot,"&alo %e R"m&$" &tat+t &talno( Me)+naro'no($a*neno( &+'a. S%e'"n%ene Dra-e $ao " 0e&t 'r+("4 ,r"&+tn"4 'ra-a >K"na/ Ira$/ I*rael/ Katar " Jemen >o'2"le &+ ,ot,"&at" (a. Imale &+ -remena ,re'om"&l"t" &e 'o 7l"ntono-a ,ot,"&"-an%a !1.'ecem2ra :::. (.

1:G Re,+2l"$an&$" &enator o'rao %e r"%e#. Na n%e(o-+ %e "n"c"%at"-+ Kon(re& -e3 + no-em2r+ ::1.(. +&-o%"o o'l+$e ,rema $o%"ma &e amer"#$o% -la'" *a2ran%+%e &-a$a &+ra'n%a & Me)+naro'n"m$a*nen"m &+'om 6I779/ a $o%"ma %e &-r4a 'a &e *a &+'%elo-an%e + o,erac"%ama o'ra-an%a m"ra*a4t"%e-a ,ret4o'no 'a-an%e "m+n"teta *a 2"lo $a$a- ,ro(on I77>a/ a "&to &e ta$o o-la03+%e,re'&%e'n"$ SAD>a 'a &e $or"&t" &-"m o'(o-ara%+3"m &re'&t-"ma *a o&lo2a)an%e amer"#$"4(ra)ana $o%e 2" I77 e-ent+alno ,r"t-or"o. Z2o( ra*lo(a ,rot"- Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a&l"#n"4 na-e'en"ma/ Je&&e Helm& (la&o-ao %e 1;. (./ *a%e'no & 'e&etor"com 'r+("4 &enatora/

,rot"- to(a 'a S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e rat"c"ra%+ Kon-enc"%+ o &,re#a-an%+ " $an%a-an%+*lo#"na (enoc"'a "* 1B. (.

:1



Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a " n%e(o-a 2+'+3e( t+"tel%a #"%e o-la&t"/ "a$o 'ale$o

o(ran"#en"%e o' o-la&t" o-e -"car$e/ %o0 &+ +-"%e$ + o#"ma amer"#$"4 re,+2l"$anaca,r"l"#no -el"$e/ 'a$le ,ret%erane.

De-et m%e&ec" ,o&l"%e/ SAD &t+,a + rat ,rot"- teror"*ma. Po'-o&tr+#+%e &e ne,o-%eren%e,rema o(ran"#en%"ma $o%a name3e me)+naro'no ,ra-o/ $ao " o'2o%no&t ,rema "'e%" 'a2" ono mo(lo -e*at" r+$e S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"m Dra-ama. O'la*a$ amer"#$"4 -o%n"$a +A<(an"&tan ,o%a#a-a o'2o%no&t ,rema mo(+3no&t" 'a amer"#$"m (ra)an"ma &+'" 2+'+3"Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779. a&4"n(ton o'ma4 *a,o#"n%e & ne,r"%atel%&t-"ma ,rema&+'&t-+ $o%e &e <orm"ra $a$o 2" ne+tral"*"rao &-e n%e(o-e o-la&t" na' &-o%"m o&o2l%em+$l%+#en"m + -an%&$e o,erac"%e. e&to( ma%a ::. (./ '-a m%e&eca ,r"%e ,o#et$a ra'aI77>a/ S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ,on"0ta-a%+ ,ot,"& ,re'&%e'n"$a 7l"ntona na R"m&$"&,ora*+m. Za4-a3en ol+%om n" I7T8 n"%e ,o0te)en. I n%em+ 3e ,o're*at" $r"la.

?to prije to privesti (raju

Am2"c"%e Ha0$o(a &+'a -e3 ne$o -r"%eme *a2r"n%a-a%+ -el"$e &"le. One 2" 4t%ele o2+*'at"ta% &tro% $o%" &e *a4+$tao/ al" ne *na%+ $a$o ,o&t+,"t". Zna%+ 'a 2" *a n%"4 2"la 0tetna &-a$a,ol"t"#$a o'l+$a o 'ra&t"#nom o(ran"#en%+ '%elo-an%a S+'a + tren+t$+ $a' on &+a-a&-o%+ $a*nen+ &trate("%+ na na%o'(o-orn"%e '+no&n"$e. Za&a' ele ,o0te'%et" S+'. U

V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" UN>a !:. no-em2ra :::. (. +&-a%a%+ Re*ol+c"%+ 1! $o%om &e Ha0$"&+' ,o*"-a 'a &e -"0e ,o&-et" *lo#"n"ma $o%" &+ na%o,a&n"%" *a me)+naro'n" ,ore'a$/,o&e2noon"ma $o%e &+ ,o#"n"l" o'(o-orn" ,ol"t"#$" " -o%n" '+no&n"c" na%-"0e( ran(a/

Ta$o)er o'l+#+%+ ,o'rat" re<orm+ $o%+ %e ,re'lo"o ,re'&%e'n"$ S+'a <ran>c+&$" &+'ac7la+'e Jor'a/ a $o%a &e &a&to%" o' to(a 'a &e "men+%+ &+c" a' l"tem/ 'a$le 'a 2+'+,o*-an" $ao "&,omo3/ ,rema ,otre2"/ $a$o 2" &e &man%"lo *a(+0en%e ,o&lo-"ma "omo(+3"lo S+'+ 'a "*-r0" &-o%+ m"&"%+ ,r"%e $ra%a 'e&etl%e3a $o%e +,ra-o ,o#"n%e. Vel"$e&"le %o0 o$l"%e-a%+ ,o'-r3" S+' %a#em na'*or+ V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" *a'o-ol%a-a%+3" &e,ot"can%em n%e(o-a '%elo-an%e 'a + ra*+mnom ro$+ ,r"-e'e ,o&lo-e $ra%+.

S+' %e o,t+"o &tot"n%a$ o&o2a/ ,o&t"(ao 'a &e +4"te '-"%e tre3"ne/ "*re$ao '-a'e&eta$,re&+'a " ,lan"rao o,t+"t" %o0 &tot"n+. To %e &m"%e0na 2ro%$a & o2*"rom na 2ro% &+'"on"$a/al" &tra4o-"to -el"$a *a me)+naro'n+ *a%e'n"c+ +4-a3en+ + mre+ -la&t"t"4 o2a-e*a "el%n+ 'a & t"me 0to ,r"%e *a-r0".1:; Pota%no o'-ra3a%+3" &+ce o' ,en%an%a ,o lanc+

:



o'(o-orno&t" $a$o ne 2" ,ro(on"l" one & $o%"ma &+ -el"$e &"le ,re(o-arale/ one &ame

,r"'on"%ele &+ ,ro2lem+ $o%" &a'a ne *na%+ r"%e0"t". o'"ne :::. me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e-rlo %e 'ale$o o' "&,+n%en%a &-o%e m"&"%e $a*neno( ,ro(ona na%"&ta$n+t"%"4 l"#no&t"/ $a$ome)+ "*-r0"tel%"ma ta$o " me)+ ,ot"catel%"ma *lo#"na. Nala*" &e te$ na ,ola ,+ta.M"lo0e-"3e-"m ,a'om $ra%em :::. (o'"ne/ 5al$an %e &t+,"o + ,o&l"%eratno 'o2a.M"%en%a%+ &e ,r"or"tet". Za,a'na &e '",lomac"%a ,r"2o%a-a 'a *a4t%e-" ,ra-o&+)a $o%" "'+&-e 'al%e o,et ne *a$om,l"c"ra%+ n%e*"n+ *a'a3+ ne,re&tan"m #a#$an%em ,o ,ro0lo&t" 0to'ono&" ,o'%ele " ot$r"-a no-e ,r"%elomne #"n%en"ce/ " to + #a&+ $a' 2" -e3 el%el" 0to ,r"%e&-e ,o#"&t"t" " o$ren+t" no-+ &tran"c+. Ot+'a o'2o%no&t ,rema traen%+ "*r+#en%aM"lo0e-"3a Ha0$ome &+'+.

Na,a'" 11. &e,tem2ra ,om"%e0al" &+ &-e $arte na me)+naro'no% &cen"/ #"ta- ,ol"t"#$"

'ne-n" re'. On" 'en"t"-no -ra3a%+ &-e $r"*e/ 4+man"tarne am2"c"%e " $re,o&ne ,o2+'e'e-e'e&et"4 (o'"na *a %e'no &tol%e3e +natra(. M"%en%a &e " %e*"$. Kr*man%a ,ret4o'no(ra*'o2l%a &a'a &e "*raa-a%+ %a&nom " ne'-o&m"&lenom ,arolom= S+' mora 2e*o$l"%e-an%a +&-o%"t" "*la*n+ &trate("%+. a&4"n(ton " Lon'on ,r-" 0al%+ ,or+$+= el"mo 'a,re&tanete & ra'om o$o ::.@::. (o'"ne. N" Par"* ne 0te'" 7arl+ 'el Ponte ,r"l"$om,o&%eta

1:; Prema ,roc%enama ne*a-"&n"4 &tr+#n%a$a o&am 'o ,etnae&t t"&+3a o&o2a $o%e &+ &+'%elo-ale+ 2ro%n"m *lo#"n"ma tre2ale 2" 2"t" $a*neno ,ro(on%ene/ a ne$e 2" 'r+(e tre2ale ,o'l"%e>(at" ra*n"mo2l"c"ma neo&-etol%+2"-e ,ra-'e/ ,r"m%er"ce + o$-"r+ ,o-%eren&ta-a "&t"na " ,om"ren%e.

:!



!:. no-em2ra ::1. Ala"n R"c4ar'/ m"n"&tar o2rane/ +,o*ora-a %e= Na0 %e c"l% tra%no

re"nte(r"rat" J+(o&la-"%+ 6Sr2"%+>7rn+ or+9 + 'emo$rat&$+ *a%e'n"c+/ al" to &e ne ,o&t"era&,lam&a-a%+3" -atr+... Va0 %e man'at &+'"t" (la-e0"nama/ a $a' &te -e3 %e'nom,o'"(n+l" ,rot"- n%"4 o,t+n"ce/ *a0to "3" 'al%e $a' o'&a' moete ,ro(on"t" &amo oneman%e/ $a$-a %e + tome lo("$a N%e(o- &a-%etn"$ "n*"&t"ra= Tre2a o$on#at" &t-ar. Va0e*ala(an%e o'lae 'at+m ,o#et$a 'emo$rat&$o( ,roce&a I&t" re<ren 'ola*" "* ^+a"'Or&a-a= Ka$-a %e $or"&t o' na&ta-$a/ "mate tr"'e&et " tr" 2%e(+nca/ a el"te "4 o,t+"t"

%o0 -"0e Do$le 3ete "3"

Pre' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" . no-em2ra ::1. 7arla 'el Ponte " 7la+'e Jor'a o2a-e*al" &+&e *a$l%+#"t" ra' I7T8>a o$o ::. (. *a ,o&t+,$e ,r-o( &t+,n%a/ a :1:. (. *a ,o&t+,$e +,r"*"-+. Pr"$a*al" &+ + (la-n"m crtama &trate("%+ o$on#an%a ra'a >ra'"%e $or"&te3" ta%

,o%am ne(o &trate("%a "*la&$a >$o%a ,re'lae &man%"-an%e o,tere3en%a S+'a ,re2ac+%+3"ne$e ,o&t+,$e ,o' o're)en"m +-%et"ma nac"onaln"m ,ra-o&+)"ma *emal%a 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Me)+t"m/ 7arla 'el Ponte n"%e &t-arno &$rat"la ,o,"& o&+mn%"#en"4. Na%a-"la %e&tot"n%a$ 'o'atn"4 o,t+n"ca *a &-a$" o' '-a S+'a/ ona% *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ " ona% *aR+an'+= Ne$" $a+ 'a &e na$on 'o(a)a%a 11. &e,tem2ra &-"%et ,rom"%en"o te 'a %e ota'a,r"or"tet teror"*am/ a ne ,ro0l" &+$o2". Ne moemo ,r"&tat" na ta$-o (le'an%e name)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+. Me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca "ma 'ana& %o0 -"0e ra*lo(a 'a ,o%a#a&-o%+ o'l+#no&t + ,ro(an%an%+ o'(o-orn"4 *a (enoc"' " *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". Ne2" 2"lo n" #a&no n" -%ero'o&to%no ,o'ra-at" rat ,rot"- teror"*ma a$o ne +#"n"mo &-e 0to %e,otre2no $a$o 2"&mo ,r"-el" ,ra-'" one $o%" &+ o'(o-orn" *a (enoc"' + R+an'"/ Sre2ren"c"" *a 'r+(e ,o$ol%e. Varamo &e/ $ao " + &l+#a%+ 2or2e ,rot"- teror"*ma/ a$o m"&l"mo 'a

,o&to%e la$a " 2r*a r%e0en%a 'a &e o2a-" ,o&ao $a$o tre2a.N"%e "4 +&,%ela +-%er"t". Vel"$e &"le ele -"'%et" o'l+#ne re*o-e + ,ro(ram+ "&tra(a/ nemora%+3" to <orm+l"rat" e$&,l"c"tn"%e $ao 0to &+ to e$&,l"c"tno <orm+l"rale ,r"%e (o'"n+ 'ana+ Re*ol+c"%" 2ro% 1!. ele &e o&"(+rat" 'a S+' ne3e ,re$ora#"t" ,re,or+#en" ro$. 7arla'el Ponte &-%e&na %e to(a/ al" n%e*"n %e o2*or ta$-a ,ra-'a *a $o%+ ,o-"%e&na ,re$retn"can"%e 11. &e,tem2ra/ ne(o no3 & . na . %+na " 'ola*a$ M"lo0e-"3a + Ha(. A to %e'o(a)a% $o%" %e omo(+3"o Ha0$om &+'+ 'a &e ,ot-r'" $ao &t-arno&t $o%+ n"t$o -"0e ne&m"%e n" *anemar"-at" n" "&m"%a-at". O#e$"-an%e ,o#et$a ra'a &talno( Me)+naro'no($a*neno( &+'a 6I779 ta$o)er ,ret-ara + &t-arno&t "'eal me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a &+n"-er*aln"m o-la&t"ma $o%e ne3e o&lo2a)at" $r"-n%e mo3n"$e ,a #a$ n" 0e<o-e 'ra-a.Ona -%er+%e + ,olet me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a $o%e o*na#a-a 'ola*a$ no-e ere/ ereo'2ac"-an%a ne$an%"-o&t"/ $o%+ %e ,re'a%a M"lo0e-"3a +#"n"la +-%erl%"-"%om " 'o&t"n"%omne(o "$a' ,r"%e.

Vel"$e &"le/ $o%e na&to%e o2+*'at" t+"tel%"c+/ 2r*o 3e %o% ra*2"t" "l+*"%e. Pol"t"#$" ,r"t"&c"

:B



+&$oro 3e &e ,o$a*at" + &man%en%+ ,rora#+na/ 0to %e man%e ,r"m%etno o' no-e re*ol+c"%e

V"%e3a &"(+rno&t". Jer 'ra-e "ma%+ &-o%e *a4t%e-e/ al" ne ele %a-no ,re+*et" o'(o-orno&t*a o(ran"#a-an%e ,ro-o)en%a ,ra-'e. Ra'"%e &-o%+ o'l+$+ ,re2ac+%+ na Tr"2+nal.Franc+&$" ,o&lan"$ ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma Jean>Da-"' Le-"tte ,r"*na%e to $ra%em ::1.(. na &a&tan$+ & 7arlom 'el Ponte= V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" ne moe Vam e$&,l"c"tno nare'"t" 'a&man%"te 2ro% "&tra(a/ a 'a &e ne "*lo" o,a&no&t" +,a'an%a + *am$+ o'l+$e $o%a 3e 0tet"t"na0o% -%ero'o&to%no&t". A S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Draa-e/ &-%e&ne 'a &e ,ra-'a ne3e ra'o,o'-r3" na#el+ ,ol"t"#$e realno&t"/ nema%+ -remena na ,rete$ a$o E+ro,l%an" ele ,rat"t"+&,%e0no o$on#an%e ra'a Ha0$o( &+'a $o%e 3e 'at" -%ero'o&to%no&t &talnomMe)+naro'nom $a*nenom &+'+. No-o% amer"#$o% a'm"n"&trac"%" 'o n%e(a +o,3e n"%e&talo. Ona 3e &e ,otr+'"t" onemo(+3"t" to ,ra-o&+)e $o%e %e %a$o o&la2l%eno *a4-al%+%+3",reo$ret"ma na &-%et&$o% ,o*orn"c" " $o%e 2" 4t%ela "&$l%+#"t" "* ,ra-"la me)+naro'ne "(re

$a$o 2" 'ra-ama -rat"la -r4o-no ,ra-o '"%el%en%a ,ra-'e. Ona 3e ,o' c"%en+ "*ra-no(+,l"tan%a + &+'&$e ,o&lo-e ,re$r0"t" "'eal *a $o%" &e *ala+ me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'o-".

U ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" 7arla 'el Ponte/ $o%a %e <or&"rala &a-e* "*me)+ &+'&$e " ,ol"t"#$e -la&t"$a$o 2" "*-ela M"lo0e-"3a ,re' S+' + Ha(+/ ,o&tala %e na,a&t ,ol"t"#ar"ma &-"4 &trana.Ne$a' %e 2"la no3na mora nanc"%&$"4 ,re,re'en%a>$a/ tr(o-aca 'ro(om " n%"4o-"4 mo3n"4&a-e*n"$a. Ot$a' %e &t"(la + Ha(/ ona %e no3na mora M"lo0e-"3+ " &-"m ratn"m *lo#"nc"ma$o%e %e ,o'-r(la "&tra*"/ o' 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e 'o R+an'e. N"0ta #+'no *a %e'n+ t+"tel%"c+.Na,rot"-/ *a#+)+%e ne,o-%eren%e ,ol"t"#$"4 mo3n"$a $o%" &+ &t-or"l" Ha0$" &+'. Ono "*-"re "*,rot+&"le $o%+ 'e <acto ,re'&ta-l%a me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e. 7arla 'el Ponte $-ar" "m"(r+/ ona %e ne,r"%atel% n%"4o-a ,ra(mat"*ma. to rat + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" -"0e 2l"%e'" +

e+ro,&$om " amer"#$om &%e3an%+/ to 7arla Del Ponte -"0e ner-"ra me)+naro'n+ *a%e'n"c+$o%o% &e +-"%e$ +r" o$retat" &tran"ce ,o-"%e&t". T+"tel%" -a+ $a$-e &+ 0an&e 'a o2no-e2+'+3no&t ,o m%er" ,ro0lo&t"/ + ,r"#ama rta-a " "*ra*"ma n%"4o-e <r+&trac"%e/ + "&$a*"ma$r-n"$a. D",lomat" &e 2r"n+ *a ne,o&re'n+ 2+'+3no&t ne o,tere3+%+3" &e ,ro0lo03+.Vr"%eme ,ra-'e n"%e " -r"%eme ,ol"t"$e. 7arla 'el Ponte ne,re$"'no ,re"&,"t+%e *a4t%e-e,ra-'e $o%" -"0e ne nala*e &-o%e m%e&to na ,ol"t"#$om 'ne-nom re'+. Ona &e +,l"3e +,ol"t"$+ %er &e ,ol"t"$a ne,re&tano +,l"3e + &+'&$" ,o&t+,a$. Potre2na %o% %e mo3 ,r"&"le$o%+ ,o&%e'+%+ ne$e 'ra-e *ato 0to ne$e 'r+(e 'ra-e ne "&,+n%a-a%+ &-o%e *a$on&$eo2a-e*e. K+ca na &-a -rata/ ,ot"#e &-e one $o%" "ma%+ 'o2r+ -ol%+ $a$o 2" 'ra-e,ret-or"le + '%ela &-o%+ mo3 '"%el%en%a ,ra-'e/ #"%" %e '"o o&t-aren%a ,o-%eren n%o%. Pr"&-a$om ,o&%et+ 7arla 'el Ponte o&ta-l%a &-o%"m *a,a'n"m &+(o-orn"c"ma (ora$ o$+& lo0e

&a-%e&t" "l" + na%man%+ r+$+ <r+&trac"%+ 0to &e ne mo(+ o&lo2o'"t" 'emona na $o%e "4 ona+-"%e$ ,o'&%e3a. N"t$o to ne &$r"-a. Pa n" ona% &a-%etn"$ e+ro,&$o( m"n"&tra $o%" %e "*lan+o %o0 " ,r"%e ne(o što %e "*a&lan&t-o Ha0$o(a &+'a ot"0lo= Ne3emo &e &amo ta$o "*-+3"/ onana& ne3e ,+&t"t"

:G



D-a'e&eto(a no-em2ra ::1. (. amer"#$a 'ele(ac"%a n"%e &e *a -r"%eme %a-ne &%e'n"ce

V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" "*%a&n"la o '-ama me)+naro'n"m $a*nen"m &+'o-"ma. Ra'"%e %e to+#"n"la na &a&tan$+ + ,o,o'ne-n"m &at"ma $o' am2a&a'ora Jo4na Ne(ro,ontea $o%",re'&ta-l%a SAD ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma " ,re'ala &-o%+ ,or+$+ 7arl" 'el Ponte= S+' "ma,re-el"$ a,et"t/ on mora &man%"t" &-o%e am2"c"%e. P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er/ $o%" %e *a'+en*a ,"tan%a me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e ,r" amer"#$o% -la'"/ ,o$+0a-a %e +-%er"t" 'a mora*na#a%no &$rat"t" &-o% ,o,"& o&+mn%"#en"4. Ne el" 'a S+' na&ta-" & ra'om ,a 'a ,o&l"%enato-ar" ,o&ao 'oma3"m &+'&$"m -la&t"ma= A$o ,re-"0e &l+#a%a ,re,+&t"mo n%"ma/&t-or"t 3emo ,ol"t"#$e ,ro2leme 5eo(ra'+ " 'r+("m (la-n"m (ra'o-"ma. A $a$o 2",r"'o2"o t+"tel%"c+/ 'o'a%e= To 2" mo(lo 0tet"t" na,or"ma ,o'+*et"m 'a +-%er"moKo0t+n"c+ 'a ,re'a Kara'"3a. Ona &e o'+,"re. Da%e na *nan%e $a$o %e -e3 &$rat"la ,o,"&o&+mn%"#en"4 " o(ran"#"la $a*nen" ,ro(on na na%-"0e ran("rane o'(o-orne o&o2e= O'&a'

%e na V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" 'a ,re+*me o'(o-orno&t *a &-a$o no-o &man%en%e mo%e( ,o&la.Amer"$anc" &+ 2"%e&n" " to 'a%+ na *nan%e &a-%etn"$+ 7arle 'el Ponte &amo ne$ol"$o &at",o&l"%e. Potr+'"te &e 'a t+"tel%"ca &4-at" $a$o %o% S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e nare)+%+'a &e -"0e $or"&t" &-o%"m ,ra-om o'l+#"-an%a $a$o 2" *na#a%no &$rat"la ,o,"&o&+mn%"#en"4. 6...9 Mo(lo 2" &e 'o(o'"t" 'a 'o2ro-ol%n" 'o,r"no&" S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4Dra-a ne 2+'+ +,la3en" + ,rora#+n 6UN>a *a I7T8 o,. a.9 na$on n%e*"na o'2"%an%a 'a &e,o&l+" '"&$rec"%&$"m ,ra-om o ,o,"&+ o&+mn%"#en"4/ o,om"n%e tele<on&$" M"$e Ne?ton/Pro&,ero- ,omo3n"$. O&amnae&to( 'ecem2ra/ *a -r"%eme &-o%e( ,o&%eta Ha(+/ 7arla 'elPonte o'(o-ara Pro&,er+= Va0+ ,or+$+ ne mo(+ ,rot+ma#"t" 'r+$#"%e/ ne(o $ao ot-oren,r"t"&a$/ 'a ne $aem %e'-a ,r"$r"-en+ ,r"%etn%+.

Sl%e'e3e( t%e'na amer"#$o "*a&lan&t-o ,re'-o)eno am2a&a'orom Patr"c$om Kenne'%em*atra"lo %e ,re' G. $om"&"%om U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ *a'+enom *a +,ra-na " ,rora#+n&$a,"tan%a/ o'(o'+ +&-a%an%a ,rora#+na '-a%+ S+'o-a. S-o% ,o&t+,a$ o2ra*lae ,otre2om,r"2a-l%an%a -"0e "n<ormac"%a o '-%ema +&tano-ama $o%e &+ +(roene lo0"mr+$o-o'&t-om/ ne+#"n$o-"to03+ " $or+,c"%om. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e *a,o#ele &+ne,r"%atel%&$"m ,ona0an%em ,rema S+'a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ " n%e(o-+ 2l"*anc+ >onom *aR+an'+. N%"4o- $r"ar&$" ,o4o' ,rot"- &talno( Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779,rotee &e " na a' 4oc &t-orene &+'o-e/ +nato# -an%&$om ,r"-"'+ amer"#$e ,o'r0$eHa0$ome &+'+. 7arla 'el Ponte/ $o%a mora "&to'o2no ,re'-o'"t" &trate("%+ o$on#an%a +Ha(+ " + Ar+&4"/ ne ,re'a%e &e. Ne moe &e &+,rot&ta-"t" -ol%" 'ra-a 'a o(ran"#e

,ro-o)en%e ,ra-'e %er &+ one &t-or"le Ha0$" &+' te "ma%+ mo3 o'l+#"-an%a o n%e(o-+*at-aran%+. Al" n"t$o ne moe o' n%e tra"t" 'a lo0e o'ra'" &-o% ,o&ao " 'a "*ne-%er" m"&"%+$o%a %o% %e ,o-%erena. Na&to%" &man%"t" 0tet+ *a4t"%e-a%+3" 'a &e ne +,ro,a&t" ono 0to %e,o&t"(n+to " 'a &e +&,o&ta-e me4an"*m" $o%" 2" &,r"%e#"l" 'a &trate("%a o$on#an%a ra'a "'e

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+ $or"&t ne$an%a-an%a. Al" a&4"n(ton 3e %e (+rn+t" 'al%e + &m%er+ t"4 o(ran"#en%a. N"

Lon'on ne *ao&ta%e + tome. Ka$o 2" to "&ta$n+o/ Ton 5la"r %o% ,"0e 1. 'ecem2ra ::1.(.= U%e'"n%eno Kral%e-&t-o n"%e &e o're$lo &-o%e o2a-e*e 'a ,r"-e'e ratne *lo#"nce,ra-'". I&to ta$o ,o*'ra-l%am $ora$e $o%e &te ,o'+*el" $a$o 2"&te ot-or"l" '"%alo( &'ra-ama + ,o(le'+ "*la*ne &trate("%e S+'a " ,o&l%e'"ce $o%e "* to(a ,ro"*la*e/ ,o&e2no*a &+'&t-o *emal%a 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Znam 'a 3e Jac$ Stra? o tome ra&,ra-l%at" & Vama*a -r"%eme -a0e( &+&reta ,o#et$om &l%e'e3e (o'"ne. Tom 3emo ,r"l"$om el%et" 'o*nat"0to Vam &e #"n" o&t-ar"-"m +n+tar mo(+3no&t" $o%"ma ra&,olae S+'/ na $o%" na#"nnam%era-ate &-e&t" &-o%+ $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+ " ,ro-e&t" "*la*n+ &trate("%+.

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Po#et$om ::. (. me)+naro'n" t"&a$ 'ola*" + Ha( ,o-o'om ,o#et$a &+'&$o( ,o&t+,$a

,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a. Unato# 'r+("m no-o&t"ma/ Ha0$" &+' +-"%e$ ,ot"#e *an"man%e me'"%a.Amer"#$a -la'a to $or"&t" $a$o 2" "*-ela ,ro>t+na,a'. Al" o-a% ,+t ne,r"%atel%&t-o %eot-oreno o2%a-l%eno. D-a'e&et o&mo( <e2r+ara ::./ &amo '-a t%e'na na$on ,o#et$a,o&t+,$a ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/ Pro&,ero- +#l%"-" na,a' ,re' amer"#$"m Kon(re&om "*a*"-area$c"%+ & o-e &trane Atlant"$a. Ne$a'a0n%" t+"tel% + Ar+&4"/ $o%" %e 1. (. ,o&t"(ao ,r-+,re&+'+ *2o( (enoc"'a + ,o-"%e&t"/ + ,re'met+ Jean>Pa+l A$ae&+a/ &a' omalo-aa-aMe)+naro'n" &+' (o-ore3" 'a %e &$+,/ ne'%elot-oran/ ,re-"0e &,or " +'al%en o' naro'a na$o%e &e o'no&" " rta-a. O,t++%e o2a S+'a *a $or+,c"%+ *2o( ,ra$&e ne'a-no ot$r"-ene,o'%ele 4onorara "*me)+ 2ran"tel%a " t+en"$a.1: R"%e# %e o ne'o,+&t"-o% *lo,ora2" $o%anema mno(o -e*e &a &am"m -o)en%em &+'o-a. Me)+t"m/ Pro&,er 2lat" me)+naro'ne$a*nene &+'o-e $a$o 2" '"&$re'"t"rao me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e $o%e &e +,ra-o ,o#elo

'o$a*"-at" " #"%" 3e 3e no-" o2l"$ >&taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779 >+&$oro ot-or"t"&-o%a -rata. On ne el" 'a &e I7T8 ,ro&la-" ,o&t+,$om ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a $o%" 3e ,o&tat"o(le'n"m. Me)+naro'n" &+'o-" n"&+ " ne &m"%+ 2"t" on" &+'o-" $o%"ma &e ,r-o o2ra3amo/ne(o te$ ,o&l%e'n%e &re'&t-o. Ka' n"%e mo(+3e ,o&t"3" ,ra-'+ na lo$alno% ra*"n"/me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca moe '%elo-at" ,re$o V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" "l" a' 4oc 'o(o-ora.Pol"t"$a 6amer"#$e o,. a.9 a'm"n"&trac"%e &a&to%" &e + ,ot"can%+ 'ra-a 'a &t-ore,ra-o&+)e $o%e +"-a $re'"2"l"tet/ a ne 'a &e o're$n+ &-o%e o'(o-orno&t". Da 2+'e

%a&no/ I7T8 nema -"0e &m"&ao ,o&to%an%a/ ne(o tre2a 0to ,r"%e ,re'at" ,al"c+ +n+tarn%em,ra-o&+)+. a&4"n(ton $ae 'a %e &,reman ,omo3" -la'ama 'a re<orm"ra%+" &-o%e&+'&$e &+&ta-e " 'a o&,o&o2e &+'o-e *a &+)en%e ratn"4 *lo#"na. Me)+t"m/ n%"4o- ,ot"ca%ne$o% -r&t" &+'&$o( nac"onal"*ma -"0e &-%e'o#" o n%"4o-o% el%" 'a *a+*'a%+ me)+naro'no

,ra-o/ ne(o o ,ot"ca%+ 'ra-ama 'a &+'e + &-o%"m &,oro-"ma $a$o 2" ,omo(l" naro'nom,om"ren%+. V"%e3e E+ro,e $r"t"*"ra ta% ,o*"- 'a ratn"m *lo#"nc"ma &+'e &am" $r-n"c".

Kam,an%a ,rot"- me)+naro'n"4 &+'o-a ,r",rem"la %e teren ,rora#+n&$"m &man%en%"ma. U(la-nom &%e'"0t+ UN>a + Ne? 8or$+ &-e 'ele(ac"%e $o%e &+'%el+%+ + ra'+ Po-%eren&t-a *a,rora#+ne 2"le &+ +&$la)ene= Amer"$anc" &+ nam 'al" na *nan%e 'a &e tro0$o-",o-e3a-a%+ " 'a n"t$o ne moe +t%ecat" na $ona#an "&4o'. U $+loar"ma Sta$lene *(ra'ena Ea&t R"-er+ &a'a &e &matra 'a &+ me)+naro'n" &+'o-" na%&$+,l%" + o-o% +&tano-" " 'a&e na%tee $ontrol"ra%+. Prora#+n *a S+' %o0 n"%e "*(la&an. Han& 7orrel $o%" -o'" ,ra-ne,o&lo-e UN>a ,r"*na%e 'a $r+e &+l+'e -"%e&t" o S+'+. N"cola& Ro&to?/ ,ra-n" &a-%etn"$amer"#$e 'ele(ac"%e + UN>+ + Ne? 8or$+/ -o'" $le-etn"#$+ $am,an%+. Ot-oreno (o-or"

7arl" 'el Ponte ,r"l"$om ,o&%eta :. marta ::1. (.= N"t$o ne el" o'rat" te &+'o-e "*,+$o( *a'o-ol%&t-a 'a omo(+3" neo(ran"#eno *a,o0l%a-an%e/ 'o$ %e S+'o-"ma %e'"n""ntere& 'a 0to '+l%e ,otra%+/ +nato# a&tronom&$"m tro0$o-"ma.

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I-- $istins(a pravna opasnost za Sje%injene Aerič(e Dr0ave

Na$on 0to &+ ,rora#+n&$"m ,r"t"&$om o&la2"le I7T8/ S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e mo(+2ol%e na'*"rat" n%e(o-+ '%elatno&t. Al" a&4"n(ton t+ + ,r-om re'+ -"'" ,r"l"$+ 'a m+nametne &-o%+ -ol%+. O&amnae&to( marta Pro&,er ,ona-l%a + M"n"&tar&t-+ -an%&$"4,o&lo-a *a4t%e-e &-o%e -la'e= Morate +&,o&ta-"t" ,r"or"tetn+ l"&t+ o&+mn%"#en"$a. Vol%el"2"&mo 'a +*mo(nete & ,o-%eren%em ,re'-"'%et" ,r"%eno& ,o&lo-a na re("%+. Pra-o&+)e +*eml%ama 2"-0e J+ (o&la-"%e ta'a %e 2"lo + %a'n+ &tan%+ " 'ale$o %e o' to(a 'a moe -o'"t",ra-e'ne " -%ero'o&to%ne &,oro-e o ratn"m *lo#"n"ma "l" %am#"t" &"(+rno&t &-%e'o$a. Ka'a

%e r"%e# o rta-ama/ one n"&+ &,remne &-%e'o#"t" ,re' &+'o-"ma &-o%"4 $r-n"$a. Al"Pro&,er+ &e +r" *at-or"t" S+'o-e +

1: D-a me)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a o-la0tena &+ "meno-at" &-a$" ,o %e'no( "&tra"tel%a&tr+#n%a$a *a nanc"%&$e mal-er*ac"%e $o%" 2" ot$r"-ao *lo,ora2e. I&tra+%+3" na teren+/ on" "ma%+*a'ata$ ,ro-%er"t" " &t-arno nanc"%&$o &tan%e o,t+en"4 $o%" &+ &e ,ro(la&"l" &"roma0n"ma " $o%" &e$or"&te 2e&,latn+ o2ranom $o%+ ,la3a%+ U%e'"n%en" naro'".

:



Ha(+ " + Ar+&4".

Po m"0l%en%+ o-"4 l%+'" I7T8 %e ,o-e*an &a &taln"m Me)+naro'n"m $a*nen"m &+'om6I779. to -"0e +&,%e4a "mate/ -"0e ,re&e'ana &t-arate/ I77 3e "mat" -"0e ,r"l"$a<+n$c"on"rat"/ re*"m"rao %e re,+2l"$an&$" &enator M"tc4 Mc7onnell 1. marta ::. (. *a-r"%eme &+&reta & 7arlom 'el Ponte. I Sa'am H+&e"n 3e o&%et"t" ,o&l%e'"ce to(a. 5+&4o-a-la'a/ $o%a o*2"l%no m"&l" 'a 3e m+ %e'no(a 'ana &+'"t"/ -e3 "&$l%+#+%e mo(+3no&t+&tano-l%en%a no-o( me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a Ira$/ $a$o %e to ,re'lo"o 7l"nton +o$to2r+ 1. Pro&,er %e ,re' Kon(re&om + <e2r+ar+ ,re'lo"o &t-aran%e lo$alno("ra#$o( &+'a. Smatramo 'a Sa'am H+&e"n " n%e(o-" (la-n" ,oma(a#" mora%+ o'(o-arat"*a &-o%a '%ela 6...9. Na"me/ &matramo 'a &+ ,o#"n%ena -el"$a *-%er&t-a " 'a "4 tre2a"&tra"t". Ve3 &mo *a,ra-o *a,o#el" &$+,l%at" o2a-"%e&t" o t"m *lo#"n"ma. Al" 'a 2" &e

,ro-ela ,ra-'a 'o&to%na to( "mena/ ,otre2na %e ,rom%ena -la'e + Ira$+. O&amnae&to(marta ::. (. na *"' Pro&,ero-a +re'a + &re'"0t+ M"n"&tar&t-a -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-ao2%e0ena %e $arta ,o&+ta cr-en"m *-%e*'"cama $o%e +$a*+%+ na (la-na m%e&ta *lo#"na$o%e %e nare'"o Sa'am H+&e"n. U &t+'"%"ma 7NN>a + a&4"n(ton+ "&ta ta $arta Ira$a -e3-"&" na ,ole)"n" ,o$retn"4 ,anoa na $o%"ma %e $arta A<(an"&tana. Na amer"#$"m lo$aln"mtele-"*"%ama n"+ &e ra&,ra-e o *-%er&t-"ma ,o#"n%en"m *a -la'a-"ne '"$tatora/a&4"n(ton el" &"lom &-r(n+t" re"m Sa'ama H+&e"na " ,ret-or"t" //ot,a'n"#$+ 'ra-+ +&ta2"ln+ 'emo$rac"%+ $o%a ne3e ,oma(at" teror"&t"ma. a&4"n(ton+ %e to *a&a'a4+man"tarn" c"l% " na'a &e 'a 3e mo3" &a&ta-"t" $oal"c"%+ ,o,+t one $o%+ %e 1. (.,re'-o'"o NATO + "nter-enc"%" na Ko&o-+. Na re'+ &+/ 'a$le/ *lo#"n" $o%" &+ + na'leno&t"me)+naro'no( $a*neno( ,ra-a/ a ne or+%a *a ma&o-no +n"0ta-an%e.

5+&4o-a a'm"n"&trac"%a +2r*o &e o'r"#e 4+man"tarne ar(+mentac"%e/ Zam"&ao o &+)en%+Sa'am+ H+&e"n+ n"%e na,+0tena/ al" Pro&,ero-a m"&"%a + A<(an"&tan+ ,r"&"l%a-a %e na,rom%en+ ta$t"$e. Na ta% *ao$ret 'one$le +t%e#e " o,a&no&t o' ,o#et$a ra'a I77>a.a&4"n(ton 0al%e &-o%e( mla'o( -ele,o&lan"$a *a'+eno( *a ,"tan%a ratn"4 *lo#"na +A<(an"&tan+ 'a &e ,o*a2a-" &a &t-arno03+ *lo#"na ,o#"n%en"4 + -r"%eme "nter-enc"%e +o$to2r+ " no-em2r+ ::1. (. $o%" &a'a ,o#"n%+ "*la*"t" na -"'%elo. Pro&,er %e ,ot-r'"o,o&to%an%e $o&t+rn"ca " ,o-re'a me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a 0to "4 %e ,o#"n"o&a-e*n"$ S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a/ +*2e#$" ratn" -o)a A2'+l Ra&4"' Do>&t+m/ $o%" %ena #el+ S%e-erno( &a-e*a. Me)+t"m/ ono 0to (a na%-"0e 2r"ne %e&+ 'o(a)a%" $o%" &+ &l"%e'"l"na$on ,a'a Ma*ar>">ar"<a/ ,o&l%e'n%e ,re,re$e o&-a%an%+ Ka2+la. To &+ 'o(a)a%" o'G. no-em2ra ::1. (. + t-r)a-" na'oma$ Ka>la" Jan(4" $amo %e o'-e'ena &$+,"na

tal"2ana $o%a %e ,olo"la or+%e na$on ,a'a Ma*ara. Zat-oren"c"/ ,o'-r(n+t" o$r+tnom"&,"t"-an%+ 0to &+ (a ,ro-o'"l" a(enat" 7IA>e/ $o%" &+ +2r*o &t"(l" na m%e&to *2"-an%a/+-%eren" &+'a= 3e 2"t" &ma$n+t". Zato &e 2+ne " *a+*"ma%+ or+arn"c+ + t-r)a-"c". Po2+na

%e +(+0ena + $r-" +* ,omo3 amer"#$"4 " 2r"tan&$"4 &na(a. U2"%eno %e o&am &tot"na ratn"4

1:



*aro2l%en"$a. Samo ne$ol"$o 'e&eta$a &$r"-en"4 + ,o'r+m+ ,rona)eno %e "-o. Pro&,er &e

-ra3a "* &-o%e m"&"%e +*nem"ren. Ne$a'a0n%" t+"tel% &4-a3a 'a amer"#$" -o%n"c" mo(+ 2"t"o,t+en" *a ratn" *lo#"n. I77 %o0 n"%e ,o#eo '%elo-at" ,a/ 'a$le/ nema o-la&t"/ al" + rat+,rot"- teror"&ta $o%" %e +,ra-o *a,o#eo 2a+$ me)+naro'no( &+'a & +n"-er*aln"mo-la&t"ma ,re'&ta-l%a "&t"n&$+ ,ra-n+ ,r"%etn%+ S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"m Dra-ama "n%e*"n+ o&o2l%+ na teren+. Pro&,er ,o&,rema &-o%e ma,e Ira$a &a *-%e*'"cama. e&to(ama%a 5+&4o-a a'm"n"&trac"%a ,on"0ta-a 7l"ntono- ,ot,"& na R"m&$" &,ora*+m o I77>+.Ira$ %e na $ra%+ o&+mn%"#en 'a ra&,olae or+%em *a ma&o-no +n"0ta-an%e. Po' ,r"t"&$oma&4"n(tona " Lon'ona V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" "*(la&a-a . no-em2ra ::. (. Re*ol+c"%+$o%om &e + Ira$+ o'o2ra-a na'*orna m"&"%a UN>a o naor+an%+...

Pres(upi su%ovi

Kam,an%a ,rot"- me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a +*ela %e ma4a & ,o#et$om ra'a &talno(Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a 6I779 1. %+la ::. (. S%e'"n%e Amer"#$e Dra-e ne,r"*na%+ no-+ %+r"&'"$c"%+ " ,o$re3+ #"ta- ,ra-n" ar&enal $a$o 2" o' n%e "*+*el" &-o%eo&o2l%e *a,o&leno + "no*em&t-+. A'm"n"&trac"%a &e &-r&tala & $r"-e &trane ,o-"%e&t"/o,t++%e Kennet4 Rot4/ -o'"tel% %e'ne o' na%mo3n"%"4 ne-la'"n"4 or(an"*ac"%a >H+manR"(4t& atc4a. Za to " -r"%eme Pro&,er ,+t+%e + 5eo(ra' " + K"(al" $a$o 2" o2e3ao &$oroo$on#an%e ra'a me)+naro'n"4 &+'o-a " &+(er"rao mo(+3a r%e0en%a. Po(o'2a/ $o%+,re'lae amer"#$" ,re'&ta-n"$ 2e* *nan%a t+"tel%"ce I7T8>a/ %e'no&ta-na %e. Sr2">%a &e

,o*"-a na a$t"-n"%+ &+ra'n%+ &a S+'om $a$o &e ,re&tana$ n%e(o-a ra'a ne 2" o'(a)ao/ a*a+*-rat 3e 'o2"t" mo(+3no&t 'a &ama &+'" ne$"m t+en"c"ma. a&4"n(ton 3e +&$oro'e2lo$"rat" G m"l"ona 'olara $a$o 2" &e + 5eo(ra'+ +re'"la &+'n"ca + $o%+ 3e +&$oro 2"t",rem%e0teno &+)en%e *a ratne *lo>#"ne. Pro&,ero-" ,o&t+,c" %a-no &e ,r"$a*+%+ $ao ,o*"-na +4"3en%e 2%e(+naca/ ,o&e2no Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Amer"$anc" &e 4-ale na-o'nom,o'r0$om I7T8>+ $a$o 2" ,o$a*al" 'a &e ne ,rot"-e me)+naro'nom ,ra-+/ ne(o &amoI77>+. I*a $+l"&a on" ne ,ra-e ra*l"$+ me'+ n%"ma/ #a$ n" $a' n%"4o-o ne,r">%atel%&t-o,rema I7T8>+ +&,ora-a n%e(o- ra'. I(nor"ra%+ *a4t%e-e S+'a *a ,r"&t+, &,"&"ma $o%" 2" "momo(+3"l" 2re o$on#an%e "&tra(a/ ,ret-ara%+ &e 'a ne ,o&%e'+%+ n"$a$a- 'o$+ment oo&+mn%"#en"m Al2anc"ma "l" o ne$"m &r,&$"m '+no&n"c"ma $o%" &+ ,r",omo(l"M"lo0e-"3e-+ &-r(a-an%+ & -la&t" na$on 0to &+ m+ ,r"%e 2"l" 'r+(o-" + *lo#"n+. ele

*a$l%+#"t" ra' I7T8>a/ al" (a ,r"%e to(a ele o2l"$o-at" ,o &-o%o% -ol%". Da%+ na*r"%et" 'a &e,rot"-e ne$"m ,ro(on"ma " &-e &e ot-oren"%e m"%e0a%+ + $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+ Ure'a

T+"tel%&t-a/ #a$ " ,o' c"%en+ e&to$"4 &-a)a. A + "me &ta2"lno&t" lo$aln"4 -la&t" ne el" &e'o $ra%a ,r"m"%en"t" ,r"t"&a$ $o%"m &+ &e ",a$ $or"&t"l" 'a 2" ,o&t"(l" +4"3en%e Kara'"3a "

11



Mla'"3a.

1



Za Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' *a R+an'+ 6I7TR9 amer"#$" %e *alo( 'r+(a#"%"/ a "&to ta$o "

,o(o'2a. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ele o&"(+rat" ,o'r0$+ r+an'&$"4 &a-e*n"$a *a*at-aran%e S+'a + Ar+&4" ,rem'a %e %o0 'ale$o o' *a>-r0et$a &+)en%a na%-"0"m'+no&n"c"ma -la&t" H+t+a/ $o%" &+ ,ot"catel%" (enoc"'a 1B. (. + $o%em %e *a &to 'ana&tra'alo 2l"*+ m"l"on T+t&"%a " +m%eren"%"4 H+t+a. Ka' %e + no-em2r+ ::1. (. na%a-l%eno&$oro *at-aran%e S+'a/ r+an'&$e &+ -la&t" ,ro&-%e'o-ale &matra%+3" t + *am"&ao,re+ran%enom. Me)+t"m/ ,re'&%e'n"$a Pa+la Ka(amea n"%e 2"lo te0$o na(o-or"t". 7arla'el Ponte *a,o#ela %e + 'ecem2r+ 1. (. "&tra(e ,rot"- T+t&"%a >#a&n"$a -o%&$eR+an'&$o( ,atr"ot&$o( <ronta 6RPF9 $o%"m %e *a,o-"%e'ao Ka(ame. Te "&tra(e na*-ane&,ec"%aln"ma n"&+ &e o'no&"le na (enoc"' T+t&"%a/ 0to %e 2"o ,r-" man'at Me)+naro'no($a*neno( &+'a *a R+an'+/ ne(o na ,o$ol%e ,o#"n%ene ,rot"- ,o#"n"tel%a (enoc"'a " c"-"laH+t+a $o%" &+ ma&o-no "*2%e(l" "* R+an'e ,re' na,re'o-an%em -o%&$e R+an'&$o(

,atr"ot&$o( <ronta. S"(+ran + &e2e *2o( -o%ne ,o2%e'e $o%a %e o$on#ala (enoc"'/,re'&%e'n"$>(eneral ,roc"%en"o %e 'a n%e(o-" l%+'" ne tre2a%+ ,ola(at" ra#+ne &+'+me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce $o%a %e T+t&"%e ,re,+&t"la ,o$ol%+. Pro&,er %e o2e3ao 'a 3e*at-aran%e Me)+naro'no( $a*ne no( &+'a *a R+an'+ o$on#at" te ne,oel%ne "&tra(e. To3e "&to'o2no omo(+3"t" 'a &e *ata0$a *a4t%e- &+ca Jean>Lo+"&a 5r+(+"erea 'aMe)+naro'n" $a*n n" &+' *a R+an'+ 6I7TR9 ,o'"(ne o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- ,re'&%e'n"$aKa(amea. Franc+&$" %e &+'ac %o0 o' 1. (. *a'+en *a "&tra(+ o atentat+ na a-"onr+an'&$o( ,re'&%e'n"$a J+-enala Ha2-ar"mana $o%" %e &r+0en ;. a,r"la 1B. (/ ne$ol"$o&at" ,r"%e ,o#et$a (enoc"'a. Zaro2"le &+ (a o2"tel%" tr"%+ <ranc+&$"4 #lano-a ,o&a'e $o%" &+,o("n+l" *a%e'no & r+an'&$"m " 2+r+n'&$"m ,re'&%e'n"$om. On %e +-%eren %e 'a %e Pa+lKa(ame ,ot"catel% to( atentata. I,a$/ a$o re*+ltat" "&tra(e ,ot-r'e ,ret,o&ta-$+ 'a %e

&a'a0n%" r+an'&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ &+'"on"$ atentata/ &+'ac ne3e mo3" *atra"t" n%e(o-$a*nen" ,ro(on *2o( "m+n"teta $o%" Franc+&$a ,r+a 0e<o-"ma 'ra-a $o%" &+ na <+n$c"%".Morala 2" *atra"t" 'a UN ,re'a t+2+ I7TR>+ "l" n%e(o-+ t+"tel%+ 'a "*-r0e &-o%e ,ra-o,r-en&t-a1: $a$o 2" ,o$ren+la &+'&$" ,o&t+,a$. U no-em2r+ ::1. (. Amer"$anc" &+ &e*a"ntere&"ral" *a '%elo-an%e &+ca 5r+(+"erea + ra'+ Me)+naro' no( $a*neno( &+'a *aR+an'+/ te &+ "&,"t"-al" 7arl+ 'el Ponte $a$o 2" 'o*nal" 0to on *na o Ka(ame+. Me)+t"m/on" %o0 n"&+ o2%a-"l" &-o%e ,rot"-l%en%e 2"lo $a$-+ ,ro(on+ &-o%e( &a-e*n"$a na ,o'r+#%+Vel"$"4 %e*era "l" l%+'" "* n%e(o-a o$r+en%a. Za &a'a &e amer"#$a &trate("%a + c"l%+*at-aran%a Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a R+an'+ &-o'" + ,r-om re'+ na ,r"t"&$e naa<r"#$e -la'e 'a ,+&te r+an'&$e

1: Se'amnae&to( no-em2ra ::;. (. &+'ac 5r+(+"ere& &l+2eno %e ,re'ao re*+ltate &-o%e"&tra(e $o%a %e 'o-r0ena ::B. (. On +$a*+%e na Pa+la Ka(amea $ao nar+#"tel%a atentata $o%" %e,ota$n+o (enoc"'. De-et me)+naro'n"4 +4"'2en"4 nalo(a "*'ano %e *2o( X&+'"on"0t-a +atentat+W ,rot"- l%+'" 2l"&$"4 r+an'&$om ,re'&%e'n"$+ me'+ $o%"ma %e Jame& Ka2are2e/

1!



*a,o-%e'n"$ la-no( &toera R+an'&$"4 o2ram2en"4 &na(a/ te 74arle& Ka-on(a/ *a,o-%e'n"$

&toera $o,nene -o%&$e. R+an'a %e o'ma4 ,re$"n+la '",lomat&$e o'no&e & Franc+&$om $o%+ %eo,t+"la 'a el" *an"%e$at" (enoc"' " ,r"$r"t" &-o%+ +lo(+ + o2+c" r+an'&$"4 -o%n"$a +,leten"4 +,o$ol%e. Franc+&$a %e 2"la &a-e*n"$ -la&t" H+t+a $o%a %e ,r",rem"la " ,ro-ela (enoc"' 1B. (o'"ne.De-etnae&to( a,r"la ::. (. R+an'a %e ,o'"(la t+2+ ,rot"- Franc+&$e ,re' Me)+naro'n"m&+'om ,ra-'e 6I7J9 o,t+"-0" %e 'a $r0" me)+naro'no ,ra-o ele3" ,ro(on"t" ,re'&%e'n"$a Pa+laKa(amea " ne$e n%e(o-e &+ra'n"$e.

1B



2%e(+nce $o%" &+ &e &$lon"l" na n%"4o- ter"tor"%. N%"4o-" ,o&t+,c" 'o$a* &+ $a$-a %e

amer"#$a ,o'r0$a '-ama Me)+naro'n"m $a*nen"m &+'o-"ma/ a re*+ltat &+ %o% &amo tr"+4"3en%a o' '-a'e&et #et"r" o,t+ena R+an)an"na $o%" &+ 2"%e(+.

Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'o-" ,erc","ran" &+ &amo $ao ,re,re$e +re)en%+ ,o&l"%eratno(ra*'o2l%a/ $ao ,re&$+,a ,ra-'a $o%a nema +#"na$ $o%" &e moe $-ant"c"rat" " #"%e'%elo-an%e 'e&ta2"l"*"ra/ $a$o + R+an'" ta$o " + *eml%ama 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Amer"$anc" "E+ro,l%an" &e &la+ $a$o tre2a ,+&t"t" S+'o-e 'a -o'e &+'&$e ,o&t+,$e 'o ::. (./ al"+,o*ora-a%+ T+"tel%&t-o 'a o$on#a "&tra(e 'o $ra%a ::B. (. Ka$o 2" nametn+l" &-o%+-ol%+/ on" "*(la&a-a%+ &man%en%a ,rora#+na $o%a + ,r-om re'+ ,o(a)a%+ T+"tel%&t-o.Pr"t"&n+ta +*a *"' 7arla 'el Ponte mora &man%"t" &-o% ,ro(ram $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona. Po,"& o'&to ,e'e&et o&+mn%"#en"4 t"%e$om :::. (o'"ne &-e'en %e $ra%em ::1. na &to o&am

,r"or"tetn"4 o&+mn%"#en"$a. Al" " n%"4o-o &+)en%e ,otra%alo 2" 'o :1G. (o'"ne. Do $ra%a::. ,o,"& &e ra*'-o%"o + '-"%e $ate(or"%e. S %e'ne &+ &tra ne ,roce&" $o%" &e mo(+ -o'"t"&amo ,re' me)+naro'n"m &+'om. S 'r+(e &+ &trane on" $o%" 2" &e mo(l" ,re,+&t"t"lo$alnom ,ra-o&+)+. T"mo-" T+"tel%&t-a o'&a' 3e &e +&re'oto#"t" na ,r-" ,o,"&. I&tra(e$o%e &e o'no&e na ,e'e&eta$ o&+mn%"#en"4 "* 'r+(e $ate(or"%e *amr*n+te &+. A$o-r"%eme to 'o,+&t"/ 2"t 3e +,ot,+n%ene ,r"%e ne(o 0to 2+'+ +r+#ene T+"tel%&t-"ma*emal%a 2"->&e J+(o&la-"%e. 7arla 'el Ponte ne el" "4 na,+&t"t" %er lo$aln" &+'o-" *a&a' %o0n"&+ &,o&o2n" %am#"t" -%ero'o&to%no&t ,ra-'e. Ka$o "4 ne 2" o'-rat"la o' &-a$e &+ra'n%e/Del Ponte o'2"%a %a-no o2%a-"t" 'ra&t"#ne re*o-e $o%e %e +,ra-o "*-ela.

Tr"'e&eto( o$to2ra ::. (. 7arla 'el Ponte na&to%" +-%er"t" V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" $a$o ne&m"%e 'o,+&t"t" 'a &trate("%a o$on#an%a 2+'e ,ro-e'ena na+>0tr2 ,ra-'e. A$o ono nare'"

T+"tel%&t-+ 'a &man%" 2ro% $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona/ a &+c"ma 'a ,r",reme ,rem%e0ta% &+)en%a/mora +&,ore'no & t"me 'at" 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n" ta$-o &+'&t-o $o%e 3e 2"t" + &tan%+,re+*et" &m%en+. Na'al%e/ mora -r0"t" ,r"t"&a$ ,otre2an *a +4"3en%e 2%e(+naca "omo(+3a-an%e ,r"&t+>,a ar4"-"ma " &-%e'oc"ma 0to 5eo(ra'/ al" " Za(re2 o'2"%a%+.Neo,4o'no %e 'a -"&o$o ,o*"c"on"rane c"-"lne " -o%ne o&o2e 2+'+ 2e* o'(o'e +4"3ene te'a &e o&n+%e &,ec"%aln" &+' 2e* #e(a ne3e 2"t" mo(+3e ,o0to-at" ro$o-e... Je'"no ,o' t"m+-%etom I7T8 moe *am"&l"t" o$on#an%e m"&"%e &a &"(+rno03+ 'a %e o&t-ar"o ,ra-'+/o2%a0n%a-a 7arla 'el Ponte. Ia$o %e 1:. o$to2ra ,re'&%e'n"$ Me)+naro'no( &+'a &l+2eno,o'n"o "*-%e0ta% o ne'o-ol%no% &+ra'n%" 5eo(ra'a/ V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" o'2"%a re*ol+c"%omnalo"t" Sr2"%" 'a +4"t" 2%e(+nce " 'a ,re&tane &,re#a-at" ra' me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e.Me)+t"m/ Mla'"3 &e nala*" + 5eo(ra'+ ,o' *a0t"tom -o%&$e/ a +* ,r"&tana$ 0e<a 'ra-e>Ko0t+n"ce. Sr2"%an&$" ,rem%er Zoran Đ"n)"3 nema 'o-ol%no mo3" 'a (a +4"t".O2a-e*+%+3a re*ol+c"%a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" mo(la %e ,omo3" 'a &e +ra*+me &r2"%an&$" ,o>l"t"#ar". P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er +m"r+%e 7arl+ 'el Ponte. F"nanc"%&$a ,omo3 $o%a &e &-a$e(o'"ne 'o'%el%+%e 5eo(ra'+ +-%eto-ana %e +4"3en%em 2%e(+naca= ne3e 2"t" +,la3ena a$o

1G



Mla'"3 ne 2+'e +4"3en 'o ,rol%e3a ::!. (. O2e3an%e ne3e 2"t" o'rano.

Pro&,er &e o(l+0"o o ,re,or+$e Ha0$o( &+'a. Po#et$om ::!. (. ot-oren"%e ne(o "$a'"&t"#e amer"#$+ -ol%+ 'a ,o'-r(ne S+' ,ol"t"#$om -o)en%+ "*la*ne &trate("%e. Za -r"%eme,o&%eta 5eo(ra'+ + %an+ar+ ,re'lae -la&t"ma 'a +4"te #et"r" o,t+ena o' '-a'e&etor"ce2%e(+naca $o%" "-e + Sr2"%"= Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a/ $ao " l%"-an#an"na " Ra'"3a $o%" &e$a*neno ,ro(one ,o ,re'met+ V+$o-ar. Za+*-rat "m o2e3a-a ,re$"' "&tra(a $o%e &+ +t"%e$+/ a $o%e ,r"%ete 'a na o,t+en"#$+ $l+,+ ,o0al%+ 'o2ar '"o &r,&$o( -o'&t-a + 'o2arata + 5o&n" " na Ko&o-+/ #"%" &+ ne$" #lano-" %o0 +-"%e$ na ,oloa%"ma. 5eo(ra'&$" t"&a$o'ma4 +o#a-a 'a amer"#$a -ele&"la na,+0ta Ha0$" &+'. Ve3"na na&lo-a "*raa-a -e&el%ete + amer"#$om ,o&t+,$+ -"'" *na$o-e -ol%e 'a ne 'o,+&t" I7T8>+ +,ra-l%an%e &+'2"nom2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e " -e*"-an%e r+$+ ,ol"t"#ar"ma. 7arla 'el Ponte tra" o' Amer"$anaca 'a

to 'emant"ra%+. Pro&,er na to ,r"&ta%e ne$ol"$o t%e'ana ,o&l"%e/ na $on<erenc"%" *ano-"nare + Ha(+. Al" na teren+ na&ta-l%a ta%ne ,re(o-ore $o%"ma ,o&t"e o'-ra3an%elo$aln"4 -la&t" o' &+ra'n%e & I7>T8em %er &+ one &-%e&ne 'a &e n%"4o-" mane-r" o'(a)an%amo(+ "&,lat"t".

E+ro,l%an" &+ ra-no'+0n" ,rema tom +,l"tan%+ $o%"m &e $r0" na#elo ne*a-"&no( ,ra-o&+)a$o%e &+ ne$a' 2ran"l". Sre'"nom ::!. (. 7arla 'el Ponte "m (o-or"= Na mrt-o% &am ta#$"/"mam 'e-etnae&t 2%e(+naca + Sr2"%"/ me)+ $o%"ma &+ Kara'"3 " Mla'"3/ al" -"0e n"t$one3e n" 'a #+%e *a Ha0$" &+'. Kao 'a 2"4 na$on ,roce&a M"lo0e-"3+ 6#"%" %e $ra% ,re'-")en*a ,o#eta$ ::G. (. o,. a.9 tre2ala *at-or"t" -rata. Al" E+ro,l%an"ma %e o'&a' &amo

%e'no na +&nama= S+'o-" &+ &$+,"/ a ta +la(an%a &e ne "&,late. Ne$" "'+ ta$o 'ale$o 'a$a+= N"&+ -r"%e'n" n" -remena n" no-aca $o%" &+ "m ,o&-e3en". Staln" Me)+naro'n"

$a*nen" &+' "&t%erao %e Ha0$" &+' "* (la-a E+ro,l%ana $o%" ne &4-a3a%+ 'a %e n%"4o-ona,+0tan%e ,r",rem"lo teren $r"ar&$om ,o4o'+ amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e ,rot"-me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a. Vel"$e &"le &a'a &e o2*"rno 're &-o%e o'l+$e o *at-aran%+S+'a. Ne&l+2ene ra&,ra-e +n+tar V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" + ,o(le'+ +&-a%an%a re*ol+c"%e $o%a3e *acrtat" -remen&$" ,lan *at-aran%a '-a%+ me)+naro'n"4 &+'o-a ,o#"n%+ + ,rol%e3e::!. U,ra-o ta (o'"na no&"t 3e &r ,ote0$o3a me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a + ,ot-r)"-an%+&-o%"4 na#ela na&+,rot ,ol"t"#$"m "(rama.

1;



Ra&,ra-e o Ira$+ ,o'"%el"le &+ #lano-e V"%e3a &"(+rno&t". Sta$lena *(ra'a %e + -ren%+. Na

,ro2lem I7T8>a $o%" %e &a'a r"%e0en n"%e -r"%e'no (+2"t" -r"%eme. Pr",rema re*ol+c"%e te$ %e<ormalno&t/ 2arem *a Franc+&$+/ R+&"%+ " K"n+. S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e " Vel"$a5r"tan"%a/ "a$o *a+*ete ratom + Ira$+/ ",a$ + tome -"'e ,r"l"$+ *a o&t-aren%e -"0e &-o%"4,lano-a "&to'o2no. Sre'"nom ma%a ::!. (. Pro&,er "n*"&t"ra na &+&ret+ r+an'&$"4 -o)a "t+"tel%"ce Ha0$o(a &+'a 7arle Del Ponte. O'no&" K"(al"%a " Ar+&4e/ &re'"0ta I7TR>a +

Tan*an"%"/ -e3 &+ c"%el+ (o'"n+ na na%n""m (ranama. U l%eto ::. r+an'&$a -la'a*a+&ta-"la %e na -"0e m%e&ec" ,roce&e -e*ane +* (enoc"' &,re#a-a%+3" &-%e'o>$e>rt-e 'a'o)+ + Ar+&4+. 7arla 'el Ponte ,ro&-%e'o-ala %e + %+l+/ a on'a o,et + o$to2r+ + V"%e3+&"(+rno&t" UN>a/ al" ono &e *a'o-ol%"lo o2"#nom 'e$larac"%om + 'ecem2r+ ::. (. $o%om,o*"-a 'ra-e na 2e*re*er-n+ &+ra'n%+ & me)+naro'n"m &+'&t-om. Pro&,er %e ,ot"#e'a "&$or"&t" ,o&%et a&>4"n(ton+ $a$o 2" +&,o&ta-"la '"%alo( & r+an'&$"m -o)ama $o%" &+

ta$o)er + ,rola*+. T+"tel%"ca to ra'o ,r"4-a3a %er o,&tr+"ran%e K"(al"%a ,r"%et" 'a *2o(ne'o&tat$a &-%e'o$a 'o-e'e 'o o&lo2a)an%a o,t+en"4 *a (enoc"'. oto-o &-" &-%e'oc"'ola*e "* R+an'e. To &tra0no or+%e $o%"m ra&,olae r+an'&$a -la&t %e/ *a,ra-o/,rot+m%era K"(al"%a 'a ,r"&"l" 7arl+ 'el Ponte 'a o'+&tane o' "&tra(a o&"m on"4 o(enoc"'+/ $o%e &+ +,erene ,rot"- t+t&"%&$"4 #a&n"$a -o%&$e R+an'&$o( ,atr"ot&$o( <ronta.

Jer man'at Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a R+an'+ 6I7TR9 ne o(ran"#a-a &e na(enoc"' $o%" &+ or(an"*"ral" " -o'"l" e$&trem"&t" ,lemena H+t+/ ne(o &e o'no&" na &-ate0$a $r0en%a me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a ,o#"n%ena 1B. (o'"ne. Premam"0l%en%+ ne*a-"&n"4 &tr+#n%a$a o$o !: ::: H+t+a 2"lo %e +2"%eno na r+an'&$om ter"tor"%+t"%e$om na,re'o-an%a -o%&$e R+an'&$o( ,atr"ot&$o( <ronta. T+"tel%&t-o + Ar+&4"*a2"l%e"lo %e #etrnae&t m%e&ta ,o$ol%a " ,o$+0a-a +&,o&ta-"t" *a,o-%e'n" lanac. Ka(ame

%e &l+2eno o2e3ao 7arl" 'el Ponte &-o%+ ,omo3/ al" (eneral>,re'&%e'n"$ n"$a' n"%enam%era-ao ,re'at" n" %e'no( &-o%e( #o-%e$a Me)+naro'nom $a*nenom &+'+ *a R+an'+.Ot+'a ,r"t"&c" t"%e$om l%eta ::. (. 7arla 'el Ponte ,r"&"l%ena %e ta'a nare'"t" tro%"c" &-o%"4"&tra"tel%a 'a ,re$"n+ m"&"%+ + R+an'"/ al" o'2"%a/ ,a #a$ " ,r"-remeno/ ,re$"n+t" "&tra(+.

T"m mora ra'"t" "* Ar+&4e na 'o$a*"ma $o%" &+ -e3 ,r"$+,l%en" " na "'ent"$ac"%" &-%e'o$a"*2%e(l"4 "*-an R+an'e.

5e* n%e*"na *nan%a/ Amer"$anac M"c4ael Jo4n&on/ $o%" &t"e + Ar+&4+ + &e,tem2r+ ::.(. $ao ,r"-remena *am%ena 'o$ &e ne ,o,+n" m%e&to ,omo3no( t+"tel%a $o%e %e"&,ran%eno -e3 (o'"n+ 'ana/ nare)+%e o2+&ta-+ &,ec"%aln"4 "&tra(a. Ona 3e to ot$r"t"te$ + 'ecem2r+. Jo4n&on %e o'ma4 ,o*-an 'a &e -rat" + Ha(. D+no&t "&tra(e ta'a %e

,o-%erena 2r"tan&$om *am%en"$+ Mar$&+ Moore+. R+an'&$e -la&t" &a' -e3 *na%+ 'a 7arla'el Ponte ne3e ,o,+&t"t". O2ra3a%+ &e mo3n"m amer"#$"m " 2r"tan&$"m &a-e*n"c"ma. Ta'a %e K"(al" *atra"o &a&tana$ & t+"tel%"com +* amer"#$o ,o&re'o-an%e/ &l+2eno/ $a$o 2"r"%e0"l" ,ro2leme &+ra'n%e. Al" ,o#eta$ rata + Ira$+ ne,re&tano o'(a)a o&t-aren%e.

1



Dola*a$ 7arle 'el Ponte + a&4"n(ton &re'"nom ma%a ,r"l"$a %e 'a &e &a&tan+ '-"%e

&trane. Pro&,er +-%era-a t+"tel%"c+= S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e n+'e &-o%e +&l+(e "nema%+ nam%er+ +,l"tat" &e + ra&,ra-+. T+"tel%"ca n" tren+t$a ne &+mn%a + ono 0to 3e &e'o(o'"t".

U &r"%e'+ 1B. ma%a ::!. (. + $a&no ,o&l"%e,o'ne/ + otm%eno% '-oran" *a &a&tan$eM"n"&tar&t-a -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a/ ('%e &e 2e* &+mn%e -e3 r%e0a-ala &+'2"na mno("4*emal%a/ 7arla 'el Ponte " n%e*"n" &a-%etn"c" &%e'a%+ o$o &tola na&+,rot r+an'&$o%'ele(ac"%".1: Na 'n+ &tola P"erre Pro&,er "(ra +lo(+ me0tra ceremon"%ala. On &e +,l"3e "&+(er"ra (la-ne crte ra&,ra-e. O' &amo( ,o#et$a "(ra %e &+mn%"-a. I(ra &e ,rema,ra-"l"ma $o%a &+ +na,r"%e' +t-r'"l" Amer"$anc" " R+an)an". 7arla 'el Ponte al" &e nar+an'&$e &m"cal"ce +&m%erene ,rema ,aral"*"ran%+ S+'a " na o'2"%an%e &+ra'n%e +

&,ec"%aln"m "&tra(ama. R+an)an" +*-ra3a%+ 'a T+"tel%&t-o n"%e

1: R+an'&$a &e 'ele(ac"%a &a&to%ala o' (la-no( t+"tel%a R+an'e eral'a a4"ma/ r+an'&$o(#a&n"$a *a -e*+ ,r" I7TR>+ Mart"na N(o(a te am2a&a'ora R+an'e ,r" UN>+ R"c4ar'a Se*"2era.

1



n",o0to "&,+n"lo &-o% man'at. Kao 'o$a* ,r",rem"l" &+ '"&$et+ & !G: "mena -"&o$"4

'o&to%an&t-en"$a ,o' &+mn%om *a (enoc"' ,rot"- $o%"4 Me)+naro'n" &+' %o0 n"%e ,o#eo$a*nen" ,ro(on. Strate("%a o$on#an%a $o%+ na,a'a%+ ,r"%et" 'a 3e omo(+3"t" ,ot"catel%"ma(enoc"'a 'a "*2%e(n+ ,ra-'". Pro&,er *a$l%+#+%e ta% ,r-" &+&ret "&t"#+3" n+no&t ,o&t"*an%a&,ora*+ma o +&t+,an%+ &+'&$"4 ,re'meta R+an'".

Cet-rta$ 1G. ma%a/ G &at" ,o&l"%e,o'ne >no-" &+&ret + "&to% '-oran" M"n"&tar&t-a -an%&$"4,o&lo-a. Ra&,ra-a o'ma4 $re3e na &,ec"%alne "&tra(e. Por+$a %e %a&na= I7TR ne moeo,ra-'at" "&tra(e ,rot"- -o%n"$a T+t&"%a $a' %e %o0 'ale$o o' *a-r0et$a ,o&la o$o(enoc"'a. R+an)an" ne n"%e#+ *lo#"ne/ al" o&,ora-a%+ &-a$ome/ a ,o&e2no me)+naro'no%*a%e'n"c"/ ,ra-o 'a $a*neno ,ro(on" #lano-e n%e*"ne -o%&$e. Ka+ 'a &e &am" ele *a to,o2r"n+t". 5arem ta$o t-r'e ,o$+0a-a%+3" ne+tral"*"rat" 7arl+ 'el Ponte. Pro&,er &e

+m"%e0ao + -"0e na-rata $a$o 2" ,ota$ao t+"tel%"c+ 'a &,ec"%alne "&tra(e ,re,+&t"R+an'". T+"tel%"ca/ $o%o% %e *a2ran%en ,r"&t+, m%e&t"ma ,o$ol%a " -o%nom ar4"-+/ -ol%na %e,+&t"t" 'a R+an)an" +&,ore'no & I7TR>om -o'e -la&t"te "&tra(e ,o' +-%etom 'a "&tra"tel%""* Ar+&4e 'o2"%+ ,r"&t+, r+an'&$"m &,"&"ma o "&tra*". Ne mo(+ &e o&lon"t" &amo na'o$a*e ,r"$+,l%ene "*-an R+an'e/ + 4+t+an&$o% '"%a&,or" #"%a &+ &-%e'o#en%a mot"-"rana,ol"t"#$"m "ntere&"ma &+,rotn"ma o' -a0"4. Moram "mat" mo(+3no&t ,ro-%er"t" te"n<ormac"%e na l"c+ m%e&ta. Ho3+ ra'"t" & -ama/ al" ,otre2na m" %e -a0a ,+na &+ra'n%a/o2%a0n%a-a ona. T+"tel%"ca %e &,remna 'at" ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" -la&t"ma + K"(al"%+ $a$o 2" %o%'o$a*al" &-o%+ -ol%+ 'a "*-r0e ,ra-'+. T" *lo#"n" ,o&to%e/ ne mo(+ &e ,re0+t%et". N%"4o-,ro(on 2"o 2" element ,om"ren%a/ "n*"&t"ra ona. Al" tra" na'*or na' n%"4o-"m "&tra(ama.Pro&,er %e ,o$+0a-a o'-rat"t"= R+an'a 3e -o'"t" $a*nene ,ro(one " &+'&$e ,o&t+,$e.

U teor"%" 2" I7TR mo(ao '%elo-an%e ,re,+&t"t" &+'&t-+ R+an'e $a' 2" "&tra(e 'o-ele 'oo,t+n"ca ,rot"- #a&n"$a o'(o-orn"4 *a ,o$ol%e ,o#"n%ene "*-an on"4 + (enoc"'+. Al"R+an'om -la'a%+ -o%n"c" T+t&" $o%" &+ %e o&lo2o'"l" o' (enoc"'n"4 ne,r"%atel%a/ ,ra-'a %e,o' n%"4o-"m *a,o-%e'n"0t-om/ a &-%e'oc" n%"4o-"4 *lo#"na o&+)en" &+ na 0+tn%+. 7arla'el Ponte ne moe "4/ 'a$le/ ,+&t"t" &ame &a *a'+en%em *a e-ent+alne ,ro(one/ n"o'+&tat" o' ,ra-a ,r-en&t-a na ,o&t+,$e $o%e 2" on" ,o$ren+l"/ $a$o +&tra%no &+(er"raPro&,er. Na *a-r0et$+ &a&tan$a n"%e *a$l%+#en n"$a$a- 'o(o-or. I&,"tano %e ne$ol"$otra(o-a/ $o%" *a&l++%+ 'al%n%+ ra*ra'+. Pro&,er ,re'lae 'a 3e "4 &aet" &l%e'e3"4 'ana +o2l"$+ 'o$+menta $o%" 3e mo3" 2"t" o&no-a 2+'+3"m ,re(o-or"ma. Pre'-")en %e no-" n"*ra*(o-ora *a &re'"n+ %+la + K"(al"%+. 7arla 'el Ponte ,ot"#e R+an)ane 'a + me)+-remen+ra&,ra-e &a &+c"ma " ta%n"$om &+'a ,"tan%e *a0t"te &-%e'o$a ,o*-an"4 + Ar+&4+ temo(+3no&t ,re&el%en%a ,o&t+,$a na$on *a$l%+#en%a ra'a Me)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a*a R+an'+.

Peta$ 1;. ma%a/ 11 &at" +%+tro >R+an)an" n"&+ ,r"&+tn". 7arla 'el Ponte "ma &a&tana$ +

1



M"n"&tar&t-+ -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a $a$o 2" ra&,ra-l%ala o I7TR>+. Pro&,er " n%e(o-" &a-%etn"c"

#e$a%+ %e + malom +re'+. Po'a&t"r+ %o% 'o$+ment na&lo-l%en Saeta$ *a$l%+#a$a "*me)+-la'e R+an'e " I7TR>a $o%" %e <orm+l"ran $ao a$c"%&$" ,lan. U4-a3ena + *am$+/ 7arla 'elPonte ",a$ ,r"&ta%e ,o(le'at" te$&t. Plan %e "&$r"-"o &a'ra% %+#era0n%e ra&,ra-e. Pre'-")a'a T+"tel%&t-o o2+&ta-" &-e "&tra(e ,rot"- o&+mn%"#en"4 ,r",a'n"$a R+an'&$e ,atr"ot&$e-o%&$e 6RPA9 " 'a "4 ,re'a r+an'&$om &+'&t-+ 2e* "$a$-a %am&t-a $a' %e r"%e# ore*+ltat"ma. O' T+"tel%&t-a Ar+&4e *a4t"%e-a ot$r"-an%e re("&tr"ran"4 m%e&ta ,o$ol%a. Al""&to ta$o 'a //& r+an'&$om -la'om ,o'"%el" &-e 'o$a*e/ +nato# *a2ran" ,reno0en%a"&$a*a &-%e'o$a ne$om 'r+(om &+'&t-+ 2e* n%"4o-a ,r"&tan$a. S,orna %e " ta#$a + $o%o%&to%" 'a 3e T+"tel%&t-o "mat" ,r"l"$+ ,re(le'at" "&trane mater"%ale $a' on" 2+'+ 'o-r0en""@"l" $a' &e *a,o#ne & $a*nen"m ,ro(onom. 7arla 'el Ponte ,ro&-%e'+%e. Po'&%e3a na &-o%&"no3n%" ,r"%e'lo(. Pro&,er %e ,o*"-a 'a ,re"na#" te$&t. A ona/ +m%e&to 'a *al+," -rat"ma/

tr+'" &e "*2%e3" &+#el%a-an%e & amer"#$"m ,re'&ta-n"$om. Al" tre2alo 2" &-e m"%en%at".Sa-%etn"c" amer"#$o( M"n"&tar&t-a -an%&$"4 ,o&lo-a 2"l%ee ,r"m%e'2e/ ,ra-e &e 'a+,"&+%+ "&,ra-$e $o%e ona tra". 7arl" 'el Ponte &e +r". A-"on *a Ha( let" *a man%e o' tr"&ata. A ,r"%e &-e(a el" ,o2%e3" "* te *am$e ,r"%e ne(o 0to o2%a-" Amer"$anc"ma 'a n"0tane3e ,ot,"&at". O'la*" & ola$0an%em na$on 0to %o% %e Pro&,er ,re'lo"o 'a 3e %o% no-+-er*"%+ <a$&"rat" + Ha(.

Do$+ment &t"e &l%e'e3e( t%e'na + Ha0$" +re'. Amer"$anc" n"&+ ,rom"%en"l" n"0ta 2"tno. Natamel%+ to2on%e( &,ora*+ma &amo 3e r+an'&$a -la'a 2"t" *a'+ena *a &,ec"%alne"&tra(e " e-ent+alne ,ro(one. T+"tel% I7TR>a ne3e -"0e "mat" n"$a$-+ $ontrol+ na'-o)en%em "&tra(a n" na' o'-"%an%em e-ent+aln"4 &+'&$"4 ,o&t+,a$a " 2"t 3e o2a-e*an

,re,+&t"t" &-e "n<ormac"%e $o%e ,o&%e'+%e r+an'&$"m -la&t"ma. 7arla 'el Ponte o'(+r+%eo' &e2e 'o$+ment " ,re,+0ta &-o%"m &a-%etn"c"ma 'a o2a-"%e&te Pro&,era o n%e*"n+o'2"%an%+ ,ot,"&"-an%a. Sama o tome o2a-%e0ta-a Ure' Ko%a Ananna $o%" o&+)+%eamer"#$e man",+lac"%e/ al" *am%era 7arl" 'el Ponte 0to &e "*lo"la ,r"t"&$+ %e'ne 'ra-e.

:



-ar&a %e& Ponte istisnuta iz I-R$a

Pro&,er ne ,r"4-a3a ,ora*/ t"m -"0e 0to %e n%e(o-a -la'a o2e3ala + K"(al"%+ " -e3"&,o&lo-ala +*-ratne m%ere. U *am%en+ *a %am&t-a 'a Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' *aR+an'+ ne3e $a*neno ,ro(on"t" -o%n"$e T+t&"%e/ K"(al" tre2a +&$oro &a S%e'"n%en"mAmer"#$"m Dra-ama ,ot,"&at" 2"lateraln" &,ora*+m $o%"m &e 0t"te amer"#$" (ra)an" o'$a*neno( ,ro(ona ,re' &taln"m Me)+naro'n"m $a*nen"m &+'om 6I779. O' ,o#et$a::!. (. SAD na&to%" *a$l%+#"t" &a 0to -e3"m 2ro%em 'ra-a ,ot,"&n"ca R"m&$o(&,ora*+ma 2"lateraln" &,ora*+m o &+'2enom "m+n"tet+ $o%em+ %e c"l% &,r"%e#"t" 'aamer"#$" (ra)an" 2+'+ ,re'an" I77>+. Na$on to( ,ot,"&a K"(al"%+ 3e &e +$"n+t" em2ar(ona or+%e $o%e %e amer"#$" Kon(re& *a'rao " 'o2"t 3e *natn+ -o%n+ ,omo3 S%e'"n%en"4

Amer"#$"4 Dra-a + tren+t$+ $a' + &+&%e'&t-+/ + Demo$rat&$o% Re,+2l"c" Kon(+/ 2%e&n"rat $o%" %e -e3 o'n"o -"0e o' tr" m"l"ona "-ota. K"(al" &e 'o &a'a n"%e l"2"o 'e&ta2"l"*"rat",o'r+#%e Vel"$"4 %e*era/ $ao 0to &e n%e(o-a -o%&$a n"%e &+*'ra-ala o' rata na "&to$+Kon(a 'a 2" tamo cr,"la n%e(o-a m"neralna " ,r"ro'na 2o(at&t-a/ $o%a "*a*"-a%+ tol"$o,o4le,e.

a&4"n(ton ,rela*" ,re$o o'2"%an%a 7arle 'el Ponte/ a Pro&,er ,+0ta (la& 'a %e ,r"4-at"la&,ora*+m. Ona to +*al+' 'emant"ra/ ne +&,"%e-a %o%/ Pro&,er &e tol"$o ,otr+'"o o$rn%"t"n%e*"n +(le' ne*a-"&ne el%e*ne 'ame/ $o%" %e +"-ala $o' ne-la'"n"4 or(an"*ac"%a "&,ec"%al"*"ran"4 no-"nara. Prot+m%ere n"&+ "*o&tale. Amer"$anc" trae o' 5r"tanaca 'a&tan+ na #elo. Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a $o%a %e 2"la &nana ,o'r0$a &talnom Me)+naro'nom

$a*nenom &+'+ 6I779 2"t 3e +-%erl%"-"%a *a na&ta-a$ 2or2e ,rot"- me)+naro'no( &+'&t-a.Kra%em %+na Jac$ Stra?/ na ,rola&$+ $ro* ene-+/ +r+#+%e Kon%+ Annan+ ,"&mo + $o%emtra" ra*'-a%an%e <+n$c"%e t+"tel%a $o%" %e 'o&a' 2"o *a%e'n"#$" Me)+naro'nom $a*nenom&+'+ *a R+an'+ 6I7TR9 " *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89 te "meno-an%e t+"tel%a *a S+' +Ar+&4". S-o% *a4t%e- o,ra-'a-a 2r"(om *a +#"n$o-"to&t " *a &man%en%e tro0$o-a. U*,o'r0$+ Lon'ona/ 7arla 'el Ponte 2"t 3e "&$l%+#ena "* I7TR>a *ato 0to %e o'2ac"la&,ora*+m "*me)+ a&4"n(tona " K"(al"%a.

-"car$a $o%a %e &t+,"la na '+no&t 1B. &e,tem2ra 1. (o'"ne/ *a ne$ol"$o m%e&ec"&t"e $ra%+ &-o%e( #et-ero(o'"0n%e( man'ata. O2%a-"la %e 'a el" na&ta-"t" &l+2+. Ra'"$ont"n+"teta &trate("%e o$on#an%a #"%" &e ,r-" ro$ o'no&" na T+"tel%&t-o/ #"n" &e 'a,ro'+en%e man'ata 7arle 'el Ponte o'(o-ara &-"ma/ o&"m Lon'on+ " a&4"n(ton+ $o%"

2" %e el%el" "*2ac"t" "* "(re. U* %o0 ne$e #lano-e n%e*"na +re'a $o%" 2" %e ta$o)er el%el"+'al%"t". O' %e&en" ::./ n%e*"n *am%en"$ ra4am 5le--"tt -o'" $am,an%+ *a &,re#a-an%en%e*"na ,ono-no( "*2ora. A+&tralac $o%" 2" el"o *a+*et" n%e*"no m%e&to ,+to-ao %e -e3 +Lon'on/ S"'ne/ Pretor"%+ " Ta",e"/ a &,rema &e o'let%et" " + Ne? 8or$ $a$o 2" %e

1



'"&$re'"t"rao $o' U,ra-e UN>a/ al" (a %e + tome &,r"%e#"la &ama 7arla 'el Ponte/ $o%a %e

o2a-"%e0tena o n%e(o-"m &,let$ama. M"c4ael Jo4n&on #"%+ %e m"&"%+ + Ar+&4" ona,re$"n+la/ o'la*" + a&4"n(ton 'a %e ocrn" amer"#$"m -la&t"ma t-r'e3" 'a ona n"$a' ne3e,o0to-at" &-o%e o2a-e*e o &trate("%" o$on#an%a ra'a S+'a. eoYre N"ce ,r"t%e#e m+ +,omo3 ,o#et$om ::!. (o'"ne. On (a%" na'+ 'a 3e na&l"%e'"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte/ al" ,r"%e&-e(a 'a 3e %e "&$l%+#"t" ,r"%e o$on#an%a ,o&t+,$a ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a. S-e #e03e ,o&%e3+%eFore"(n Oce/ ,one$a' + ,ratn%" M"c4aela Jo4n&ona/ a ne ,ro,+0ta n" %e'an &+&ret &o&o2ama "* ,ra-no( " '",lomat&$o( &-"%eta 'a 2" &-o%+ 0ec+ na*-ao ne&,o&o2nom/lo0"m mena'erom/ $o%a &e -"0e 2r"ne *a &-o%e ,o-la&t"ce " *a me'"%&$+ ,o,ra3eno&tne(o *a 'o2ro <+n$c"on"ran%e &-o%e( +re'a. T-r'" 'a ona "ma te$ 2l"%e'+ &l"$+ ome)+naro'nom ,ra-+ te 'a ne,re&tano +(roa-a S+' ,ona0a%+3" &e $ao &lon +&ta$larn"c". Al" o-a tr" ma("&trata ne na&to%e &amo "*-ana +(ro*"t" re,+tac"%+ -"car$e -e3

" 'o-e&t" + ,"tan%e n%e*"n +(le' +n+tar T+"tel%&t-a. ele "mat" &lo2o'ne r+$e $a$o 2"mo(l" or(an"*"rat" $a*nene ,ro(one ona$o $a$o on" to ele/ -o'"t" ,o&t+,a$ ,rot"-M"lo0e-"3a ,o &-o%o% -ol%" te o'2ac"t" (enoc"' " o&tale '"%elo-e o,t+2e $o%" "m &meta%+. 11:

5r"tan&$" " amer"#$" -"&o$" #"no-n"c" ,o'&m%e4+%+ &e t"m +n+tarn%"m na,eto&t"ma $o%e %o0-"0e &la2e T+"tel%&t-o + tren+t$+ $a' &e ono tre2a &+o#"t" & ,o-e3an"m ,r"t"&$om 'ra-a "&$+,"t" &-e &na(e 'a 'o-r0" "&tra(e ,rot"- na%-"0"4 '+no&n"$a +m"%e0an"4 + *lo#"ne +2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%".



Do &a-%eto-an%a "*me)+ #lano-a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" o$o ra*'-a%an%a <+n$c"%e " $o%+ *a+*"ma

7arla 'el Ponte + I7TR>+ " I7T8>+ 'o0lo %e ,o#et$om %+la ::!. Lon'on " a&4"n(ton&,retno &+ ,r",rem"l" teren +* ,omo3 K"(al"%a. Ka$o 2" ,r"&$r2"la '",lomat&$+ ,o'r0$+/r+an'&$a %e -la'a -e3 o' ,o#et$a %+na *a%e'no & or(an"*ac"%ama rta-a ,o'+*ela +#n+$am,an%+ ,rot"- I7TR>a. K"(al" " $r"t"*"ra t+"tel%a //& ,ola ra'no( -remena %er to -r"%e)art-e (enoc"'a. 7arla 'el Ponte ,o$+0a-a rea("rat"/ al" n%e*"n" mo3n" $le-etn"c" ,rela*eo'ma4 + na,a'. Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc" o,t++%+ %e 'a ne ,o&-e3+%e Ar+&4" 'o-ol%no-remena/ 'a &+ n%e*"na ,+to-an%a &$+,a/ 'a %e ,re-"0e *ao$+,l%ena ,o&t+,>$om ,rot"-M"lo0e-"3a " +4"3en%em Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Ne moe "&to'o2no -o'"t" '-"%e "*la*ne&trate("%e. Ra*lo*" &e #"ne +-%erl%"-"ma te -e3"na #lano-a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" ,r"4-a3a,r"%e'lo(. N"malo ne &+mn%a%+ 'a %e to mane-ar ,ota$n+t el%om 'a &e +$lon" 7arla 'elPonte $a$o 2" &e ,re$"n+le &,ec"%alne "&tra(e. Na#elo ra*'-a%an%a <+n$c"%e t+"tel%a la$o

%e ,r"4-a3eno/ a a&4"n>(ton ,o$+0a-a ,o&t"3" &-r(a-an%e 7arle 'el Ponte. No 5r"tanc"&matra%+ 'a %e ta "n"c"%at"-a ,re-"0e o,a&na. On" to -"0e -ole ,r"$a*at" $ao o'-a%an%e/ $o%ene ,ot"#e n" ot,or n" "n'"&$retna ,"tan%a. Amer"$anc" ",a$ te&t"ra%+ #lano-e V"%e3a&"(+rno&t" ,re'la+3" o2na-l%an%e man'ata 7arla 'el Ponte + I7T8>+ na &amo %e'n+(o'"n+. Na'a%+ &e 'a 3e t+"tel%"ca/ $o%o% %e +&$ra3eno ,o-%eren%e $o%e %e +"-ala/ o$ren+t"le)a " -rat"t" &e + ro'n" T"c"no. Al" ta% ,r"%e'lo( $o%" %e na*-an a,&+r'n"m 2r*o %ena,+0ten. 7arla 'el Ponte "'e na "-ce/ #e&to %e 'o"-l%a-a%+ o,a&nom " onom $o%a'e&ta2"l"*"ra ,o'r+#%a $o%"ma &e 2a-". Al" 'ra-e c"%ene n%e*"n+ &m%elo&t " ne ele &eo're3" o&o2e $o%a &"m2ol"*"ra 2or2+ ,rot"- ne$an%"-o&t" + -r"%eme 'o$ %e + t"%e$+ &+'&$",o&t+,a$ ,rot"- ,r-o( 0e<a 'ra-e ,r"-e'eno( me)+naro'nom &+'+.

Po#et$om %+la ,r"%e'lo*" Re*ol+c"%e ,o#"n%+ $r+"t"/ na%,r"%e me)+ ,etor"com &taln"4#lano-a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"/ a on'a " me)+ 'e&etor"com ne&taln"4. Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc"-+$+ $once/ al" " 'al%e n"%e#+ 'a &+ + to +$l%+#en". U-%er"l" &+ &-o%e ,artnere 'a "n"c"%at"-a,ot%e#e o' Ko%a Annana $o%em+ %e &talo 'a tom ,o'%elom m%e&ta/ *a $o%+ &e tol"$o*ala+ R+an)an"/ ,ota$ne I7TR na -e3+ +#"n$o-"to&t. 7arla 'el Ponte &t"e. %+la + Ne? 8or$ $a$o 2" ,o$+0ala o&+%et"t" ,lano-e &-o%"4 $le-etn"$a. el" *atra"t" 'a

%e V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" &a&l+0a ,r"%e ne(o 0to +&-o%" Re*ol+c"%+ " o2%a&n"t" $o%e o,a&no&t" no&"ra*'-a%an%e n%e*"ne <+n$c"%e te $ol"$o %e a,&+r'no m"%en%at" t+"tel%a (o'"n+ 'ana ,r"%e*a-r0et$a "&tra(a " 'o-e&t" + ,"tan%e &trate("%+ o$on#an%a + n%e*"no% ,re&+'no% <a*". el"ta$o)er +,o*or"t" #lano-e V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" na &$r"-ene nam%ere Lon'ona " a&4"n(tona.Ona &e o&lan%a na Ko%a Annana $o%" %e + ma%+ nam%era-ao ,re,or+#"t" n%e*"n na&ta-a$ra'a na '-o&tr+$om m%e&t+ t+"tel%a '-a%+ Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a. Znao %e 'aona +"-a ,o'r0$+ 'ra-a $o%e %e 'o"-l%a-a%+ $ao %amca &+eno( " +&re'oto#eno(,ro(rama 0to (a %e "&$am#"la me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca $o%o% %e &talo 'a 2e* o'la(an%a,ro<+n$c"on"ra. N"t$o/ 'a$le/ " ne ,om"0l%a na mo(+3no&t ,rom%ene t+"tel%a. 7arla 'el

!



Ponte %e/ +* to/ +-%erena 'a (la-n" ta%n"$ ne3e o'o2r"t" l+$a-&t-o $o%e %e na 0tet+ ,ra-'e.

Me)+t"m/ Ko Annan n"%e &,reman na no-o &+#el%a-an%e & Amer"$anc"ma. Kr"*a ,o-e*ana& ,o#et$om rata + Ira$+ &$oro (a %e &ta%ala -la&t"ta m%e&ta. Saml%e-en amer"#$"m&tro%em/ on &an%a o o&-et"/ al" *alo( n"%e -r"%e'an tr+'a= Po&to%" o,a&no&t o' ,re-el"$"4,otre&a a$o &e +*me + o2*"r ten'enc"%+ V"%e3a &"(+rno&t". 7arl" 'el Ponte/ $o%a (a,ro-%era-a ,"tan%em &m"%e l" 2"rat" "*me)+ m%e&ta t+"tel%"ce + Ar+&4" " + Ha(+/ o'(o-ara=Ne -%er+%em/ M"lo0e-"3 -am %e + r+$ama/ morate &e n%"me ,o*a2a-"t". Na $ra%+&a&tan$a ona m+ 'o2ac"= S,ec"%alne "&tra(e ne3e &e n"$a' -o'"t" A Ko Annan %o%o'(o-ora= Ne/ ne3e on" to +#"n"t". V"'%et 3ete/ o'2r+&"la %e +r+#+%+3" m+ 2"l%e0$e=Sa#+-a%te "4 *a ,o-"%e&t. Ra*o#aran" I2al R"*a ,o

11: U ra*(o-or+ o2%a-l%enom + &ara%e-&$om l"&t+ Dne-n" A-a* ;. a,r"la ::. (. ra4am 5le--"tt,r"*na%e 'a &e *a%e'no & eoYre%em N"ceom &+,rot&ta-"o M"lo0e-"3e-+ $a*nenom ,ro(on+ *2o((enoc"'a " 'a %e $onta$t"rao & X-e3"m 2ro% *emal%a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t"X $a$o 2" &,r"%e#"o ,ono-n""*2or 7arle 'el Ponte ::!. (. Dana& 5le--"tt " 'al%e t-r'" 'a T+"tel%&t-o n"%e "malo 'o-ol%no'o$a*a *a ,o'"*an%e o,t+n"ce *a (enoc"' ,rot"- M"lo0e-"3a/ *ao2"la*e3" ta$o ,rel"m"narn+,re&+'+ o' 1;. %+na ::B. (. $o%+ %e na $ra%+ a$+*atorne <a*e na temel%+ 'o$a*a "*loen"4 nara&,ra-" ,ot-r'"lo o,t+2+ *a (enoc"'.

B



-%era-a &e 7arl" 'el Ponte + #et"r" o$a= S-e %e ,ol"t"$a. N"%e tre2alo ta$o 2"t"/ al" &-e %e

"&,ol"t"*"rano. A ona o'(o-ara= Ne,ra-e'no %e 'a ,ol"t"$a ,ot$o,a-a na0 ra'. Te0$o m" %e (le'at" $a$o &e "*r+(+%+ na#el+ me)+naro'ne ,ra-'e *ato 0to %e Ka(ame ,ot,"&ao2"lateraln" &,ora*+m 6&a SAD>om o I77>+ o,. a.9/ a *a+*-rat %e o'l+#eno *a0t"t"t" n%e(o-e-o%n"$e. Vo'"tel% Ure'a Ko%a Annana ,o$+0a-a %e ,r"m"r"t"= Na#ela &+ o#+-ana. No onana&ta-l%a= N"&+/ %er ra*'-a%an%e 6<+n$c"%e o,. a.9 *na#" $ra% &,ec"%aln"4 "&tra(a. I2alR"*a *a$l%+#+%e= Da/ *nam. Pr"*na%em &na(+ -a0"4 ar(+menata/ ,ot,+no 6Va&9ra*+m"%em/ al" nemo%te me %a-no c"t"rat".

Amer"#$e " 2r"tan&$e &,let$e ,ota$n+le &+ Franc+&$+ 'a &e tr(ne %er ona na$on "ra#$e$r"*e nema el%+ n" na%man%e "m ,o,+0tat". Zam%era +,l"tan%e+ ra' 7arle 'el Ponte/ al"o&"m &-e(a/ ona " &ama el" ,ora-nat" ra#+ne o ,"tan%+ R+an'e. Jer &a &t+,an%em

Ka(amea na -la&t na$on (enoc"'a/ Par"* %e "*(+2"o %o0 ne0to o' &-o%e(a a<r"#$o(ter"tor"%a. R+an'a %e &a'a ,o' an(lo&a$&on&$"m +t%eca%em/ a Franc+&$a %e o&ramo3ena %er %e ,o'ra-ala (enoc"'n" re"m H+t+a. N%e*"na rea$c"%a/ mot"-"rana ,o&e2n"m"ntere&"ma/ "ma 'o2r+ &tran+ 0to $or"&t" *a4t%e-"ma ,ra-'e. Par"* tra" 'a &tro(" ,ro(ramnametn+t Me)+naro'n"m $a*nenom &+'o-"ma $o%"ma %e nare)eno 'a 'o-r0e "&tra(e 'o$ra%a ::B. (./ a &+'&$e ,o&t+,$e + ,r-o% "n&tanc" 'o $ra%a ::. (. 2+'e o2a-e*+%+3" al"ne " $ona#an. U&,%e0no &e 2or" 'a &e + Re*ol+c"%" &,omen+ &,ec"%alne "&tra(e. Za-r0n"te$&t ,o*"-a R+an'+ na ,o%a#an%e &+ra'n%+ & I7TR>om/ ,o&e2no + ,re'met+ "&tra(a,rot"- R+an'&$e ,atr"ot&$e -o%&$e.

Par"* %e +* ,o'r0$+ -"0e #lano-a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" ta$o)er +&,"o *a+&ta-"t" ,o#etn",r"%e'lo( En(le*a " Amer"$anaca 'a &e o'ma4 o$on#a%+ "&tra(e Ha0$o(a &+'a. Pr"%e'lo(

Re*ol+c"%e o' 1:. a+(+&ta &a'r" <orm+lac"%+ 'a 2" &-a$o no-o ,o'"*an%e o,t+n"ce 2"lone&,o%"-o &a &trate("%om o$on#an%a ra'a S+'a. Pote*" 7arle 'el Ponte & $ra%a %+la " n%e*"nna&t+, "*a *at-oren"4 -rata ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" . a+(+&ta/ $a' %e na2ro%"la &-eo,a&no&t" $o%"ma &+ "*loena '-a S+'a/ 'on"%el" &+ ,lo'a. In"c"%at"-a Lon'ona "a&4"n(tona "*(+2"t 3e &-o% &m"&ao/ o&"m "&$l%+#en%a 7arle 'el Ponte "* I7TR>a.

Do$ &-e 'ra-e "n*"&t"ra%+ na tome 'a &e ,o0t+%+ ro$o-"/ -e3"na o' ,etnae&t #lano-aV"%e3a &"(+rno&t" ne el" ,re+*et" o'(o-orno&t *a 4"tn+ o2+&ta-+ $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona $o%o%2" ,o&l%e'"ca 2"la ne$an%a-an%e na%-"0e ran("ran"4 '+no&n"$a/ $o%" &+ &a'a na n"0an+

T+"tel%&t-a. Sto(a "m &e 2ol%e #"n" %o0 malo *(+&n+t" man'at Ha0$o( &+'a. PremaRe*ol+c"%" 1G:! V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" o' . a+(+&ta ::!./ Ha0$" &+' &a'a "ma o2a-e*+

+&re'oto#"t" &-o%e '%elo-an%e na na%-an"%e '+no&n"$e o'(o-orne *a *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene+ 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%". S+' %e o&no-an 1!. (o'"ne $a$o 2" $a*neno ,ro(on"o ,re$r0"tel%eme)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a. Re*ol+c"%om 1! o' !:. no-em2ra :::. ,o*-an

%e 'a &e -"0e ,o*a2a-" -"&o$o ran("ran"m ,ol"t"#$"m " -o%n"m '+no&n"c"ma. Mora &e

G



o(ran"#"t" na na%"&ta$n+t"%e '+no&n"$e o'(o-orne *a *lo#"ne " o're3" &e &-"4 'r+("4

"&tra(a + $or"&t lo$alno( &+'&t-a. Dra-e + to% re("%" ,o*-ane &+ 'a ,re'a%+ 2%e(+nce,o&e2no Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a/ Rat>$a Mla'"3a/ $ao " Ant+ oto-"n+. E+ro,l%an" "Amer"$anc" n"&+ +&,%el" &-la'at" r+&$o &+,rot&ta-l%an%e 'a to 2+'e na,"&ano + Re*ol+c"%"/al" +-%era-a%+ 'a Ha0$" &+' ne3e *at-or"t" -rata ,r"%e ne(o 0to m+ 2+'+ ,re'an" Ra'o-anKa>ra'"3 " Rat$o Mla'"3. 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc" o'n"%el" &+ ,o2%e'+ $a'a %e r"%e# oc"%e,an%+ m%e&ta t+"tel%a. 7arla Del Ponte o'ma4 %e "&$l%+#ena "* T+"tel%&t-aMe)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a R+an'+. I&t"m ,ote*om ,ono-o %e "*a2rana na #et"r"(o'"ne + I7T8. a&4"n(ton " Lon'on/ <r+&tr"ran" &la2"%"m re*+ltat"ma na 'r+("m ta#$ama/,o*a2a-"t 3e &e "&,ra-l%an%em &-o%e ta$t"$e.

V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" o'l+#"lo %e/ ra'" +2r*an%a ,o&t+,$a ,re,+0tan%a ,roce&a lo$aln"m

&+'o-"ma/ ,o*-at" na 4"tno +&,o&ta-l%an%e &,ec"%alno( &+'a + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n". Ve3'-"%e (o'"ne Ha0$" &+' tra" &t-aran%e &tr+$t+re $o%a 2" mo(la ,re+*et" ,al"c+/ al" -el"$e&"le o'2"%ale &+ ,o&e(n+t" + &-o% 'e,. Na,o$on &e/ ,o' -o'&t-om Amer"$anaca/ !:.o$to2ra ::!. (. or(an"*"ra $on<erenc"%a + Ha(+ $a$o 2" &e ,r"$+,"o no-ac. Sa$+,l%eno %e1 m"l"ona e+ra *a o&"(+ran%e nanc"ran%a m%e0o-"to( ,ra-o&+)a + Sara%e-+ + ,r-e tr"(o'"ne. Ono mora 2"t" &,o&o2no -o'"t" 'e&eta$ &+'&$"4 ,roce&a $o%" &+ &e tre2al" -r0"t" +Ha(+ " o$on#at" "&tra(e ,rot"- ,e'e&eta$ o&+mn%"#en"4 $o%e %e ::. (. 7arla 'el Ponte2"la ,r"&"l%ena *amr*n+t". V"%e3e *a ratne *lo#"ne 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne *a,o#elo %e &ra'om ,o#et$om ::G./ na$on re<orme Ka*neno( *a$ona $o%+ &+ ,ro-el" an(lo&a$&onc"nametn+-0" &+&ta- common la? + 'ra-" " re("%" & r"m&$"m ,ra-om. Ta% 3e &e "*2or +&$oro,o$a*at" *a,re$om ,ra-no% &+ra'n%" "*me)+ nac"onaln"4 %+r"&'"$c"%a 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e/ a

&,ec"%aln" 2o&an&$" &+' ,o$a*at 3e &e (oto-o "&to tol"$o &$+,"m $ao " Ha0$" &+'.111

Kra%em::!. (. *a4-al%+%+3" &-ot" o' ,et m"l"ona 'olara/ 'o2"-eno% o' S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4Dra-a/ te 'o'atno% ,omo3" E+ro,l%ana/ 5eo(ra'/ '-"%e (o'"ne ,r"%e 5o&ne/ +&,o&ta-l%a&,ec"%aln" &+' $a$o 2" &+'"o &-o%"m -la&t"t"m $r-n"c"ma. To %e lo$aln" &+' 2e* &trano(o&o2l%a/ $o%" &+ -la&t" $ona#no/ al" ne-ol%$o ,r"4-at"le + na'" 'a 3e &ame &+'"t" -"&o$oran("ran"m o&o2ama $o%e tra" Ha0$" &+'. Hr-at&$a/ $o%a %e -e3 re<orm"rala &-o% ,ra-n"&+&ta-/ + tome ne *ao&ta%e.

;



Ha0$" &+' ,ota$n+o %e ta% ,roce& $ao %e'"n+ mo(+3no&t 'a &e "*2%e(ne ne$an%a-an%e

o&+mn%"#en"4. Jer "*a t"4 2ro%$" " a'm"n"&trat"-no(/ a ne -"0e &+'&$o( +,ra-l%an%a $o%e &+nametn+le -el"$e &"le/ &-e -"0e +t%e#+3" na me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e ,o' "*(o-orom&trate("%e o$on#an%a/ $r"%+ &e &tot"ne " 4"l%a'e +n"0ten"4 l%+'&$"4 "-ota. Pre'met" o'$o%"4 %e Ha0$" &+' ,r"&"l%en o'+&tat" &a're #"n%en"ce o ,omamn"m *lo#"nc"ma $o%" &++2"%al"/ &"lo-al"/ m+#"l" " 'e,ort"ral". U$a*+%+ na "n'"-"'+aln+ o'(o-orno&t on"4 $o%" &+ to,o#"n"l" "l" *a,o-%e'"l". N%"4o-e rt-e/ one $o%e &+ ,re"-%ele/ $a$o 2" &e ,ono-o ,o'"(le/o#e$+%+ 'a te #"n%en"ce 2+'+ ta#no "&,r"#ane " +t-r)ene te 'a ,o#"n"tel%" 2+'+ $an%en".Ha0$" &+' n"%e &l+#a%no o'a2rao "mena/ $o%a &e &talno ,re2ac+%+ na ,o,"&e o' $o%"4 &eo'+&ta%e/ ne(o ,o ne"*m%erno% (ro*ot" '%ela $o%a "m &e &ta-l%a%+ na teret. To %e %e'"n",r"4-atl%"-" $r"ter"% na $o%" T+"tel%&t-o o'&a'a mora ,r"m%en%"-at" 4la'na m%er"lae$onom&$e " ,ol"t"#$e &t-arno&t". U ,re'met"ma $o%" ,ot,a'a%+ ,o' me)+naro'no

4+man"tarno ,ra-o ,o&to%e/ 'a$a$o/ mal" "*-r0"tel%" " -el"$e r"2e/ al" n"$a' mal" *lo#"n".

@avršni račun i zatvaranje I-/$a

Re*ol+c"%a 1G:! nan"%ela %e -el"$e 0tete na ,o'r+#%+ 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Unato# na,or"ma'a &e &+,rot&ta-e ne$"m ,o$+0a%"ma (a0en%a ra'a I7T8>a/ -el"$e &"le -"0e ne na&to%e&,a&"t" ,r"-"' neo-"&no( " ne,o,+&tl%"-o( ,ra-o&+)a. N%"ma %e ,r"or"tet 'o$ra%#"t" to ,"tan%e" o&"(+rat" &e 'a 3e ra' Tr"2+nala *a"&ta *a-r0"t" ::. Lo$alne &e -la'e + tome ne -ara%+.A$o %e ,ol"t"$a 'o2"la ,r-en&t-o ,re' ,ra-'om/ 'o &a'a (l+4om " ne,o,+&tl%"-om/ a$o %e$alen'ar ,o&tao -an"%" o' m"&"%e Tr"2+nala/ &a'a %e mo(+3e " ,o(a)an%e. C"n" &e 'aV"%e3e &"(+rno&t" ne el" 'al%e ,o'ra-at" I7T8 n"t" (a nanc"rat". Ca$ &e #"n" 'a 'a%e,re'no&t nac"onaln"m &+'o-"ma. Nalo*" S+'a l"0en" ,o'r0$e -el"$"4 &"la &a'a -"0e '%el+%+ta$o o2a-e*+%+3e. S+ra'n%a $o%a %e " 'o &a'a 2"la ne*natna ,ot,+no ,re&ta%e. S-e &e -"0era2e &m"cal"ce *a ote*an%e. Ra#+n"ca %e %e'no&ta-na= 0to lo$alne -la'e man%e &+ra)+%+/I7T8 3e man%e o,t+"-at" " &+'"t". Na%-"0" '+no&n"c" *a $o%e &e o#e$+%e 'a 3e morat",o'n"%et" ra#+n %o0 &e mo(+ na'at" 'a 3e "*2%e3" $an'ama ,ra-'e "l"/ + na%(orem&l+#a%+/ 'a 3e "m $o' $+3e &+'"t" n%"4o-".

O' ::. 7arla 'el Ponte &man%"-ala %e + -"0e na-rata ,o,"& (la-n"4 meta. A$o ne el",roma0"t" &-o%+ m"&"%+/ ona &-a$a$o mora o,t+"t" (la-ne '+no&n"$e na &-o%em ,o,"&+

t"%e$om ,o&l%e'n%"4 ,etnae&t m%e&ec" "&tra(e $ol"$o %o% ,reo&ta%e 'o $ra%a ::B. T-r'+ %e*(r+ &a'a &a#"n%a-a tr"'e&eta$ o&+mn%"#en"4/ +,ra-o on"4 $o%" &+ -e3 o'a-no moral" 2"t"o,t+en" 'a T+"tel%&t-o n"%e 'o,+&t"lo 'a *a(l"2" + &trate("%+ &"tn"4 r"2a $o%+ &+ ,ot"cal"*a,a'n%ac". I7T8 -%ero-atno ne3e +&,%et" ,ro-e&t" &-a &+)en%a +nato# ,reno0en%+ ne$"4



na 'oma3e &+'o-e. Al" o'+&tat" o' $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona on"4 na -r4+ lanca/ $o%" &+

or(an"*"ral" " &m"&l"l" na%(ora *-%er&t-a/ *na#"lo 2" o&+'"t" Tr"2+nal na ne+&,%e4. 7arla 'elPonte ra'"%e ra*m"0l%ao +&t+,an%+ -e3e( 2ro%a &tar"4 ,re'meta lo$aln"m &+'o-"ma ne(o omo(+3"t"ne$an%"-o&t (la-n"m $r"-c"ma.

111 Ra*l"#"t" &+ #"n"tel%" o'(o-orn" *a -"&o$+ c"%en+ &+'&$"4 ,roce&a *a ratne *lo#"ne " &+'&t-a $o%e"4 -o'". 5"lo 'a &+ m"%e0an" "l" &a&-"m me)+naro'n"/ t" &+'o-" tre2a%+ o&"(+rat" ,r"%e-o' &-"4'o$+menata " &"m+ltan" ,r"%e-o' ra&,ra-a na en(le&$om %e*"$+/ a na to o'la*" ,olo-"na n%"4o-"4,rora#+na. Mora%+/ na'al%e/ -o'"t" " nanc"rat" &-o%e ,r"t-ore " +(la-nom ,la3at" tro0$o-e o2rane.Mora%+ ta$o)er ,r"m%en%"-at" ,o&e2ne &"(+rno&ne m%ere/ ,la3at" 'ola*a$ &-%e'o$a "*'ale$a 6$at$a'" "* "no*em&t-a9 te o&"(+rat" n%"4o-+ *a0t"t+/ $ao " *a0t"t+ n%"4o-"4 o2"tel%". U* to ,la3a%+me)+naro'no o&o2l%e ,o me)+naro'n"m c"%enama. U$rat$o/ c"%ena ,ra-'e n"%e n"&$a/ #a$ n" *a

o2"#ne *lo#"ne/ a$o &e +*me + o2*"r 2ro% o&o2a +$l%+#en o' ,o#et$a "&tra(e ,a 'o ,re&+'e.



Pro&,era to *a2r"n%a-a. Kra%em l%eta ,"ta %e= Ka$o &e ta 2ro%$a 6tr"'e&et o,. a9 moe

+$lo,"t" + &trate("%+ o$on#an%a Pre'-")ate ,re-el"$ 2ro% no-"4 o,t+2". Ne3emo mo3",ro-e&t" no-e ,re'mete + o'o2ren"m ro$o-"ma/ %o0 o'l+#n"%e $ae + &e,tem2r+ ::!.Amer"$anac T4eo'or Meron/ $o%" %e o' ,rol%e3a *am"%en"o 7la+'ea Jor'+ na m%e&t+,re'&%e'n"$a I7T8>a. o'"nama &+ &e 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc" tr+'"l" o(ran"#"t" I7T8 na$a*nen" ,ro(on ,o're)en"4. Sa'a &e "&to ta$o a$t"-no tr+'e &,r"%e#"t" T+"tel%&t-o 'a &,a&"ne$ol"$o ,re'meta n+n"4 *a "&,+n%en%e &-o%e( man'ata. Re*ol+c"%a 1G:! ,rema n%"4o-+-")en%+ o&ta-l%a t+"tel%+ ,re-el"$ mane-ar&$" ,ro&tor. ele 'on"%et" ,re' V"%e3e &"(+rno&t"'o'atn" te$&t ,rema $o%em 2" ,o&tao $ona#an ne &amo $alen'ar eta,a *at-aran%a ne(o2" " 7arla 'el Ponte 'o0la ,o' na'*or $a$o 2" &e mo(ao $ontrol"rat" 2ro% no-"4 o,t+n"ca'o $ra%a ::B.

De-eto( o$to2ra ::!. ,re'&%e'n"$ Meron ,re' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t" ,ona-l%a= T+"tel%"canam%era-a ,o'n"%et" o$o #etrnae&t no-"4 o,t+n"ca $o%e &e o'no&e na tr"'e&eta$,o%e'"naca. Cet"r">,et t"4 no-"4 o,t+n"ca mo3" 3e &e &,o%"t" + "&to &+)en%e & ,o&to%e3"m&+'&$"m ,re'met"ma/ al" 3e *a o&am "l" 'e-et 'r+("4 2"t" ,otre2no o'ra-an%e no-"4&+)en%a. 6...9 Prema na0"m &a'a0n%"m ,re'-")an%"ma nemo(+3e %e o2ra'"t" te no-e,re'mete + ro$o-"ma $o%e %e ,ro,"&alo V"%e3e &"(+rno&t". Al"/ $ao 0to "&t"#e Meron/ &+c"nema%+ mo3 &,r"%e#"t" t+"tel%a 'a *a,o#ne no-e $a*nene ,ro(one. U ,r-otnom te$&t+(o-ora ,re'&%e'n"$a I7T8>a 2"lo %e na,"&ano= 5"lo 2" o,ra-'ano 'a V"%e3e &"(+rno&t",ro,"0e t+"tel%+ c"l%e-e $o%e tre2a 'o&e3" + ,o&l%e'n%"m m%e&ec"ma "&tra(a. 5+'+3" 'a %e2"la + &+,rotno&t" & #lan$om 1;. Stat+ta $o%" %am#" neo-"&no&t t+"tel%a/ o-+ %e re#en"c+,reo2l"$o-ao= T+"tel% "ma o-la&t" "*a2rat" o&o2e ,rot"- $o%"4 el" ,o'"(n+t" o,t+n"ce/ a

a$o na& T+"tel%&t-o +-%er" 'a ,rema "n'"c"%ama "ma ra*lo(a ,o'+*et" $a*nene ,ro(one/m" moramo/ $ao &+c"/ ,ot-r'"t" no-e o,t+n"ce. Stat+t I7T8>a " re*ol+c"%e -"%e3a&"(+rno&t"/ +$l%+#+%+3" " Re*ol+c"%+ 1G:! ne 'a%+ &+c"ma mo3 ,ro-%era-an%a o'(o-ara%+ l"o&o2e na $o%e &e o'no&e o-e o,t+n"ce *a"&ta +-%et+ $o%" %e ,o&ta-"lo V"%e3e/ t%. o'no&e l"&e na na%-an"%e '+no&n"$e $o%" "ma%+ na%te+ o'(o-orno&t *a *lo#"ne. O#"to/ to 3e,"tan%e morat" r"%e0"t" V"%e3e 6&"(+rno&t" UN>a o,. a.9 " t+"tel%.

Amer"#$" &+'ac na #el+ I7T8>a +,ra-o %e ,o*-ao -el"$e &"le 'a o'+*m+ t+"tel%+ 'o2ar '"oo-la&t" $a$o 2" &e o(ran"#"o 2ro% no-"4 o,t+2". A 'o2ro *na 'a on" $o%e &e t+"tel%"ca&,rema o,t+"t" n"$a'a ne3e 2"t" +*nem"r"-an" + &-o%o% *eml%" a$o I7T8 ne *a,o#ne$a*nen" ,ro(on. No ra*lo( ,o&to%an%a &-a$o( me)+naro'no( &+'&t-a +,ra-o %e ,ro(onna%-"0e ran("ran"4 '+no&n"$a %er '"&$-al"$ac"%a *lo#"na#$"4 ,ol"t"$a " -la&t" $o%e &+ "4&m"&l"le " ,ro-o'"le 2"tna %e *a ,ono-n+ "*(ra'n%+ " ,ol"t"#$+ &ta2"l"*ac"%+ re("%e. Meron/$o%" %e ,re"-"o nac"&t"#$e lo(ore + Pol%&$o%/ ,ro<e&or me)+naro'no( ,ra-a/ ne$a'a %e 2"o"*rael&$" -ele,o&lan"$ + S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"m Dra-ama ,r"%e ne(o 0to %e ,o&taoamer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ + I*rael+. 5"o %e ta$o)er na Kon<erenc"%" + R"m+ 1. #lan



amer"#$e 'ele(ac"%e $o%a &e 'o $ra%a 2or"la *a &man%en%e o-la&t" &talno( Me)+naro'no(

$a*neno( &+'a 6I779 $o%" &e tamo o&n"-ao. On '%el+%e -"0e $ao amer"#$" ,re'&ta-n"$ ne(o$ao ,re'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a. Jer c"l% amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e %e/ $a$o to ot-oreno o2%a0n%a-aPro&,er/ 'a &+c" ,a*e '%el+%e l" t+"tel% + &$la'+ & man'atom $o%" m+ %e 'alo V"%e3e&"(+rno&t". I*loena &-e -e3"m ,r"t"&c"ma 'a o(ran"#" 2ro% o,t+n"ca/ 7arla 'el Ponte"*(+2"t 3e +&$oro &-o%e '"&$rec"%&$o ,ra-o.

5+'no ,a*e3"/ Franc+&$a &e o'+,"re +%e&en ::!. 'o$ + $+loar"ma V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" -e3$r+e nacrt" no-o( te$&ta. 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc" ,re'la+ 'a &e ,re'&%e'n"$+ I7T8>a 'a'emo3 'a &e +-%er" + ,o'+'arno&t no-"4 o,t+n"ca &a *a4t%e-om +,+3en"m t+"tel%+ ,rema$o%em &e tre2ao +&re'oto#" &amo na o&+mn%"#en"$e na -r4+ lanca o'(o-orno&t" *ana%tee *lo#"ne. V"0e *emal%a o0tro &e &+,rot&ta-l%a to% "n"c"%at"-" $o%a m"%en%a Stat+t

Tr"2+nala " 'a%e &lo2o'ne r+$e ,re'&%e'n"$+/ $o%" %e 2a0 Amer"$anac. Franc+&$a/ $o%a -o'"o(or#en+ 2"t$+/ 'o2"-a ,o'r0$+ ne$ol"$o *emal%a "*me)+ ,etnae&t #lano-a V"%e3a&"(+rno&t"/ me)+ $o%"ma &+ N%ema#$a " R+&"%a. 5e* "*nena)en%a/ Mo&$-a &e o0tro ,rot"-"ta#$" $o%a "&t"#e ,r"%e$+ ,otre2+ 'a &e Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+ &+'" ,re' I7T8>em. Al" R+&"&+mn%a%+ 'a 5r"tanc" " Amer"$anc" ele &,r"%e#"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte 'a $a*neno ,ro(on",o&l%e'n%e o&+mn%"#ene $o&o-&$e Al2ance. Ia$o +re *at-or"t" I7T8/ o'2ac+%+ ,o#etn"nacrt $o%" o,et &+(er"ra 'a &e *a2rane &-e no-e o,t+n"ce. Na *a4t%e-e Amer"$anaca-er*"%a & ,o#et$a no-em2ra o're)+%e %e*"$om ,ot,+no &-o%&t-en"m re*ol+c"%ama V"%e3a&"(+rno&t"/ te na,om"n%e & na%-e3om *a2r"n+to03+ ,o$a*atel%e $o%e &+ "*n"%el",re'&%e'n"$ " t+"tel%"ca I7T8>a + &-o%"m "*la(an%"ma 6. o$to2ra ::!. o,. a.9/ a $o%" &eo'no&e na nemo(+3no&t *a-r0et$a &+'&$"4 ,o&t+,a$a *a -e3 o,t+ene o&o2e ,r"%e $ra%a

::./ " 'a 2" &-a$a 'o'atna o,t+n"ca %o0 -"0e o'(o'"la *a-r0eta$ ra'a Tr"2+nala. Po',r"t"&$om -"0e *emal%a/ ta %e -er*"%a ,reo2l"$o-ana + on+ o' 1. no-em2ra= Na,om"n%e &na%-e3om *a2r"n+to03+ ,o$a*atel%e "*ne&ene + "*la(an%"ma . o$to2ra/ $o%" &e ,o&e2not"#+ I7T8>a " ,rema $o%"ma 2" mo(lo 2"t" nemo(+3e o&t-ar"t" &trate("%e o$on#an%a+t-r)ene Re*ol+c"%om 1G:! 6::!.9/ o&o2"to a$o 2+'e *na#a%an 2ro% no-"4 o,t+n"ca.

!:



Franc+&$a &e 2or" na "&tom teren+ & R+&"ma/ al" *ato 'a 2" o2ran"la &,ec"%alne "&tra(e

I7TR>a $o%e &+ +,erene ,rot"- Ka(ameo-a o$r+en%a. Pr"%e'lo( o' 1. no-em2ra ,o*"-aR+an'+ na &+ra'n%+ & I7TR>om + "&tra(ama +* one o (enoc"'+. U-%eren 'a 3e ta%$om,rom"& +2la"t" <ranc+&$+ (orl%"-o&t " omo(+3"t" +&-a%an%e Re*ol+c"%e/ P"erre R"c4ar'Pro&,er 4"tno let" a-"onom + K"(al" &re'"nom no-em2ra. el" &m"r"t" Ka(amea $o%em+ %eo2e3ao/ ,o&l"%e "&t"&$"-an%a 7arle 'el Ponte/ 'a 3e + na&ta-$+ ,o&t"3" ,o-la#en%e onena,omene $o%a ,on"0ta-a n%"4o-+ na(o'2+. U-%era-a (a 'a &e ne tre2a 2r"n+t" *a te$&t2+'+3e Re*ol+c"%e %er %e am2"%ac Ha&an 5o+2acar Jallo?/ "meno-an ,o#et$om&e,tem2ra na m%e&to 7arle 'el Ponte/ ,r"4-at"o o2e3an%e SAD>a -la&t"ma + R+an'" 'a 3eI7TR ,re$"n+t" $a*nen" ,ro(on ,rot"- -o%n"$a T+t&"%a. Na *a-r0et$+ &+&reta ,re'r+an'&$"m t"&$om Pro&,er "*raa-a *a'o-ol%&t-o o2na-l%an%em o'no&a "*me)+ I7TR>a "K"(al"%a.

Prom%ene $o%e &+ +ne&ene + nacrt n"&+ 'o&tatne 'a 'o2"%+ $on&en*+&. 5r"tanc" &+ 'o$ra%a o'2"%al" $om,rom"& $o%" ,re'la+ Franc+&$a " N%ema#$a 'a &e nare'" Tr"2+nal+ 'a&e +-%er" + &+$la'no&t o,t+n"ca & $r"ter"%em &-"4 (la-n"4 o'(o-orn"4 ra'"%e ne(o 'a &eto ,ra-o 'a'e "*r"#"to &+c"ma. O&,ora-an + t"m (la-n"m ta#$ama/ amer"#$o>2r"tan&$"nacrt #"n" &e &re'"nom 'ecem2ra ,o'2a#en"m. a&4"n(ton (a ",a$ ,o$+0a-a ,ro(+rat",re' 5o"3 ::!. S+c" I7T8>a o'ra-a%+ ,lenarn+ &%e'n"c+ +,ra-o ,re' ,ra*n"$e " S%e'">n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e 4t%ele 2" 'a ,re'&%e'n"$ Meron o'ma4 o-%er" n%"4o-+ o'l+$+'a%+3" na (la&o-an%e ,otre2ne "*m%ene ,roce'+raln"4 ,ra-"la. U-%eren + an(loamer"#$+,o2%e'+ + Ne? 8or$+/ Meron &e + Ha(+ +r" o2a-"%e&t"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte o aman'man"mana Stat+t $o%" 3e 2"t" 'one&en" na ,lenarno% &%e'n"c" $a$o 2" (a o-la&t"l" 'a ,r"4-at" "l"

o'2ac" no-e o,t+n"ce. O'&a' o'l+#+%em %a &am/ 'o2ac"o %o% %e. Al" Meron 3e morat"o,o*-at" &-o%e r"%e#" >R+&" &+ o'2"l" +-r&t"t" ta% ,r"%e'lo( na 'ne-n" re'.

Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc" ne ,o&+&ta%+. Po#et$om ::B. +la+ *a%e'n"#$e na,ore +o"-l%a-an%e to( ,r"%e'lo(a $o%" &e + <e2r+ar+ ,ono-o ,o%a-l%+%e + $+loar"ma V"%e3a&"(+rno&t". U&,ore'no/ "*a&lan"c" Fore"(n Ocea 'ola*e + Ha( re3" 7arl" Del Ponte 'a &ene moe ,re(o-arat" o ro$+ ::.. A$o ne moete ,ro-e&t" &trate("%+ o$on#an%a/morat 3e &e ne0to rt-o-at" " ra*m"0l%at" o "*la*no% &trate("%"/ ,r"%ete on" ,o#et$om ::B.Pomo3n"$ (la-no( ta%n"$a UN>a *a ,ra-na ,"tan%a 5r"tanac Ral,4 Zac$l"n ,o*-an %e $ao,o%a#an%e. V"&o$" '+no&n"$ U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a n"$a'a n"%e ,re&tao &",at" +# ,rot"- '-aMe)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a + $+loar"ma Sta$lene *(ra'e na Ea&t R"-er+ t-r'e3" 'a &e nemo(+ na'*"rat". U %+l+ ::!. %a&no %e t+ma#"o 7arl" 'el Ponte ,ra-"la "(re= V"%e3e&"(+rno&t" %e ,ol"t"#$o t"%elo/ I7T8 " I7TR &+ t"%ela V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" ,a &+ " on" ,o'lon"o're)eno% $ontrol"/ o'no&no ,ol"t"#$"m ,r"t"&c"ma. Al" o-a% ,+t on %a-no 2aca na n%"4l%a(+ ,o#et$om ::B. + +(le'nom me)+naro'nom ,ra-nom #a&o,"&+ $o%" +re)+%e 2"-0",re'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a Anton"o 7a&&e&e. Zac$l"n + n%em+ o,t++%e o2a S+'a 'a &+ ,o&tal"

!1



ma&to'ont&$a 2"ro$rac"%a/ &tra0no &$+,a/ ne+#"n$o-"ta/ al" ,r"%e &-e(a ,ret%erano

neo-"&na. 5r"tanac ,reno&"/ o' r"%e#" 'o r"%e#"/ $r"t"$e amer"#$"4 neo$on*er>-at"-aca nara#+n UN>a na '-a Me)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a/ $o%e &+ o*na#"l" $ao ma&to'ont&$e2"ro$rat&$e &+,er&tr+$t+re $o%e &+ *a4r)ale " #"%+ &amo&talno&t tre2a &man%"t".Decentral"*ac"%a -la&t" " o'(o-orno&t"/ $o%a ,ro"*la*" "* neo-"&no&t" tr"%+ &t+,o-a &+'a6Ta%n"0t-o/ S+'&$a -"%e3a " T+"tel%&t-o o,. a.9/ $o%"ma &e ,r"'r++%e n+no&t ,o0to-an%a&+'&$e " $a*nene neo-"&no&t"/ $ron"#n" &+ ,ro2lem" *a $o%e n"%e na)eno n"$a$-o r%e0en%e/,"0e Zac$l"n. Za$l%+#+%+3" te$&t & ne+&,%e4om Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a 'o'a%e=I&t"na %e 'a %e 'ana& nemo(+3e *am"&l"t" +&tano-l%en%e &+'a ,o +*or+ na I7T8 + 'r+("m&"t+ac"%ama/ ma $a$o o#"to 2"lo $r0en%e me)+naro'no( $a*neno( ,ra-a + L"2er"%"/ +Demo$rat&$o% Re,+2l"c" Kon(o "l" + O2al" 5%elo$o&t". To me)+t"m n"%e o'-rat"lo c"-"lna'r+0t-a "l" -la'e o' traen%a "*-r0en%a ,ra-'e + *eml%ama $o%e "*la*e "* rata. To *a4t"%e-a

,ronala*a$ alternat"-a $o%"m 3e &e *a'o-ol%"t" n%"4o-" *a4t%e-". 11 Ral,4+ Zac$l"n+ n"%e %e'"n" c"l% 2ran"t" nam%er+ 'a &e '-a Me)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a &ta-e ,o' &taratel%&t-o.N%e(o-

112 Jo+rnal o< Internat"onal 7r"m"nal J+&t"ce/ II. &-e*a$/ OQ<or' Un"-er"t Pre&&/ ,rol%e3e ::B.

!



%e #lana$ ,le'oa%e + ,r"lo( nac"onaln"4 %+r"&'"$c"%a + tren+t$+ $a' SAD +&,o&ta-l%a Ira#$"

&,ec"%aln" &+' 'a 2" &+'"o Sa'am+ H+&e"n+/ $o%e(a &+ +4"t"le amer"#$e &na(e 1!.'ecem2ra ::!. lo$aln" &+' #"%+ le("t"mno&t ",a$ o&,ora-a UN *2o( &mrtne $a*ne "ne'o&tat$a %am&ta-a 'a 3e 2"t" o&"(+rana ,ra-e'na &+)en%a. Al" Zac$l"n "&t"#e= '-aMe)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a ne &m"%+ &l+"t" $ao +*or/ ,re-"0e &e &+'o-a/ + S"%eraLeone+/ + Kam2o'" " 'r+('%e/ n%"ma na'a4n%+%+. Ja&n"%e re#eno/ me)+naro'na ,ra-'ane &m"%e ,r"'on"%et" l"0a-an%+ 'ra-a &+-ereno( ,ra-a 'a &+'e &-o%"m -la&t"t"m ratn"m*lo#"nc"ma. Zac$l"no-o %a-no *a+*"man%e &ta-a/ &a-r0eno &+$la'no & amer"#$oma(re&"-nom ,ol"t"$om $o%a 'a%e ,re'no&t &+'&$om ,ro(on+ na nac"onalno% ra*"n"/ ao(ran"#a-a 0"ren%e me)+naro'no( $a*neno( ,ra-a/ "*a*"-a e&to$e rea$c"%e. Zac$l"n %e-"&o$" '+no&n"$ UN>a/ $ tome 5r"tanac. N%e(o-a *eml%a/ $o%a %e rat"c"rala R"m&$"+(o-or/ ,ot,"&n"ca %e I77>a.

V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" ",a$ ne o$l"%e-a ,ro-e&t" ta% &ta- + '%elo. U ,ol+$r+no% '-oran" + $o%o%*a%e'no &%e'e -el"$e &"le/ ro-o-&$" rato-" #e03" &+ ne(o ot-oren" na,a'". Dra-e nema%+-ol%e &+$o2l%a-at" &e $ao 0to &+ to +#"n"le + ,"tan%+ *a,o#"n%an%a rata + Ira$+. Ra'"%et%e'n"ma ,re(o-ara%+ ,o$+0a-a%+3" o'+*et" &m"&ao ne$o% re*ol+c"%" ne(o 'a *a+&ta-e,r"%e'lo( -e3 $o' ,r-"4 ne<ormaln"4 $on*+ltac"%a. O'l+$e &e ta$o 'ono&e -+$+3" +e 'o$&e ne "*l"e ,o&l"%e '"&$retn"4 o$r0a%a $o%" ,one$a' mo(+ tra%at" m%e&ec"ma. To %e %e'an o'o2l"$a "(re o'm%era-an%a &na(a. Lon'on " a&4"n(ton nam%era-a%+ &-la'at" ot,ore &tareE+ro,e + '-a t%e'na. Tre2at 3e "m -"0e o' '-a m%e&eca *a ,o2%e'+ + o-o% r+n'".

Nea novi' optu0ni,a

Da 2" o&t-ar"l" o-a% ,ro%e$t/ Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc" n"&+/ me)+t"m/ #e$al" 'a (a n%"4o-"&a-e*n"c" o'2ace. U K"(al"%+/ $ao " + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%"/ o2e3a-a%+ 'a ne3e 2"t" -"0eo,t+n"ca. Ka' %e !. no-em2ra ::!. 7arla 'el Ponte ot"0la + 5eo(ra' ,re'at" no-+o,t+n"c+ na $o%o% &+ "mena #et-or"ce (enerala &r,&$e -o%&$e " ,ol"c"%e/ -la'a o'2"%a ta%'o$+ment. A t+"tel%"ca %e -e3 ,r"%e ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" o2a-"%e&t"la -la&t" 'a &e &,rema &$or"$a*nen" ,ro(on te #et-or"ce $o%a &+ na Ko&o-+ -o'"la $am,an%+ 'e,ortac"%a/ ,o(+2l%en%a" +n"0ten%a. Ht%ela %e 'a one ,r",reme teren $a$o 2" &e &e 0to 2ol%e no&"le & 'o$+mentom$o%" "4 ne -e&el". T"m -"0e 0to %e %e'an o' o,t+en"4/ Sreten L+$"3/ ta'a na ,oloa%+ 0e<a

,ol"c"%e. Vla'a &e 2+n"/ t-r'" $a$o %e 7arla 'el Ponte o2e3ala 'a 3e o'+&tat". -"car$a to,or"#e. Ne ra*+m"%e e&t"n+ n%"4o-e rea$c"%e. Vla'a ne ,o,+0ta " t+"tel%"ca o'la*" ,o&l"%e-rlo na,eto( 'ana o&ta-"-0" "m na &tol+ o,t+n"c+ " nalo( *a +4"3en%e. Na$on ne$ol"$ot%e'ana &r2"%an&$" ,rem"%er Zoran "-$o-"3 o2%a0n%a-a + 2eo(ra'&$om t%e'n"$+ Vreme

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ra*lo(e &-o%e rea$c"%e= 7arla 'el Ponte ,re$r0"la %e mo% 'o(o-or & Amer"$anc"ma/ $o%" %e

,r"4-at"o " 5r+Qelle&/ ,rema $o%em+ ne3e 2"t" no-"4 o,t+n"ca a$o moemo 'o$a*at" $a$o+laemo &-e ,otre2ne na,ore 'a na)emo Mla'"3a. Ve3 &am re$ao 'a &mo na ,ra(+'ono0en%a 'o$a*a na0"4 na,ora. Ta'a %e 'o(o-oreno 'a 3e &e (eneral"ma &+'"t" + Sr2"%".Ka' &+ o2a-"%e0ten" 'a %e t+"tel%"ca ,o'"(la no-e o,t+n"ce/ -"&o$" '+no&n"c" +a&4"n(ton+ " 5r+Qelle&+ na*-al" &+ me 'a &e "&,r"#a%+ " 'a m" $a+ 'a %e l+'a.5lo$"ran%e no-e re*ol+c"%e V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" 'o-elo %e 'o ne+&,%e4a no-o( ta%no('o(o-ora/ &$lo,l%eno( "*a le)a I7T8>a. Z2o( m"%e0an%a amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e,ra-o&+)e #"%" &+ 'an" o'2ro%an" "*(+2"lo %e (o'"n+ " ,ol. Sreten L+$"3/ Vla'"m"r La*are-"3 "Ne2o%0a Pa-$o-"3 &t"3" 3e + Ha( te$ ::G. Cet-rt" o,t+en"/ Vla&t"m"r Đor)e-"3/ ,o2%e(ao

%e ::1. + R+&"%+ ,o' *a0t"t+ o2"tel%" M"lo0e-"3 " r+&$"4 ta%n"4 &l+2". Prema M"lo0e-"3e-"m"*ra-n"m nare)en%"ma on %e -o'"o a$c"%+ ,re2ac"-an%a t"%ela al2an&$"4 rta-a $a$o 2" "4

&a$r"o + ma&o-n"m (ro2n"cama + Sr2"%". U4"3en %e te$ na$on ,o-rat$a ::. (o'"ne.

7"l% amer"#$o( o2e3an%a n"%e 2"o "&$or"&t"t" #et"r" (enerala + *am%en+ *a +4"3en%e Mla'"3a. To %e ,r"*nao " &am "-$o-"3= ,r",remao &e na%a-"t" $ra%em ::!. ne+&,%e4 ,otra(e $o%e&+ &e ,ro-o'"le & 7IA>om " *a$l%+#"t" 'a %e Mla'"3 ot"0ao "* Sr2"%e. Amer"#$a a'm"n"&trac"%anam%era-ala %e ,o'rat" t+ la. O' Đ"n)"3e-a +2o%&t-a + mart+ P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er,o$+0a-a &m"r"t" re-no&t 7arle 'el Ponte o2e3a-0" %o% Mla'"3a ,r"%e $ra%a (o'"ne/ $a$o %eto +#"n"o ,o$o%n" ,rem"%er Đ"n)"3. Sam "-$o-"3/ Đ"n)"3e- na&l%e'n"$/ -r0" na n%+ ,r"t"&a$'a o'+&tane o' +4"3en%a #et-or"ce (enerala + "me ,ol"t"#$e &ta2"lno&t" *eml%e " 'a neonemo(+3" &-a$" o2l"$ &+ra'n%e & I7T8>em/ +$l%+#+%+3" " +4"3en%a 2ro%n"4 2%e(+naca $o%"&e %o0 $r"%+ + *eml%"/ a #em+ moe 'o,r"n"%et" %e'an o' o,t+en"4/ Sreten L+$"3/ 0e<

,ol"c"%e. Ulo(e &+ &a-r0eno ,o'"%el%ene. SAD %a-no ",a$ n"%e ,re&tao *a4t"%e-at" -o'&t-o +,o$+0a%"ma ,o&t"*an%a Mla'"3e-a +4"3en%a/ a E+ro,a &e 'r" + ,o*a'"n". U %+n+ ::!.a&4"n(ton %e ,r"%et"o 'a ne3e +,lat"t" (o'"0n%+ ,omo3 Sr2"%" " 7rno% or" a$o Mla'"3 ne2+'e ,re'an I7T8>+. Zat"m/ +o#" ro$a/ *a'o-ol%"o &e +4"3en%em %e'no( o' o,t+en"$a $o%"

%e + 2"%e(+ o' 1./ Ve&el"na l%"-an#an"na/ traeno( *a ,o$ol% ,ac"%enata -+$o-ar&$e2oln"ce + no-em2r+ 11. I&t" &cenar"% ,ona-l%a &e &l%e'e3"4 (o'"na. Mla'"3 %e +-%et/me'"%&$" %a$o ra*-"$an/ $o%" &e ,ret-ara + o2"#no &re'&t-o ,r"t"&$a $a$o 2" &e 'o2"l" 'r+("2%e(+nc" "l" 'r+(" +&t+,c".

!B



Pre' 7arlom 'el Ponte Mla'"3 %e &amo al"2" 'a %+ &e o'-rat" o' ,"&an%a no-"4 o,t+n"ca.

T+"tel%"ca o'2ac+%e "-$o-"3e- *a4t%e-/ al" + ,rol%e3e o'o2ra-a o'(o'+ &r2"%an&$"m-la&t"ma/ o&la2l%en"ma &mr3+ ,rem"%era. Po&l"%e l%eta " an(loamer"#$"4 ,o$+0a%a 'a no-omre*ol+c"%om *a2rane &-a$+ no-+ o,t+n"c+/ n%e*"na ,o,+&tl%"-o&t 2"la 2" &-e r"*"#n"%a.I&tra(a %e *a-r0ena= ona ,ot,"&+%e o,t+n"c+ " ,re'a%e %+ &+c"ma.

Dan na$on n%e*"na ,o&%eta 5eo(ra'+/ &r2"%an&$e -la&t" " n%"4o-" mo3n" &a-e*n"c" neo'+&ta%+ o' ,r"&"l%a-an%a -"car$e 'a ,o-+#e o,t+n"c+. Ka$o 2" ola$0ala +4"3en%a/ 7arla'el Ponte ,o&t"(la %e o'o2ren%e &+'aca 'a &e o,t+n"ca " nalo*" *a +4"3en%e *a,e#ate$a$o &e ne 2" o2%a-"l" + %a-no&t" ,r"%e ,one'%el%$a/ ;. no-em2ra. Ca$ " a$o ta ,r"-remenam%era n"malo ne *a+&ta-l%a ,o&t+,a$/ a&4"n(ton + n%o% -"'" ,r"l"$+ 'a &a&-"m m"rnona&ta-" &-o%e &m"cal"ce. Vo'e3" 2r"(+ o &,a0a-an%+ ,r"-"'a/ Amer"$anc" ne *a4t"%e-a%+

e$&,l"c"tno na,+0tan%e &+'&$"4 ,ro(ona. Ra'"%e &+(er"ra%+ 7arl" 'el Ponte 'a "4 *amr*ne.Amer"#$" -ele,o&lan"$ + 5eo(ra'+ "ll"am Mont(omer ,ren"o %e t+ ,or+$+ na $ra%+,o&%eta 7arle 'el Ponte !. no-em2ra= Mo%a -la'a tra" o' -a& 'a *a'r"te ,e#ate %o0(o'"n+ " ,ol *a Sretena L+$"3a " ,o (o'"n+ 'ana *a 'r+(e. Ona ,r"4-a3a ,ro'+"t" m%er+,o-%erl%"-o&t" o,t+n"ca %o0 ,etnae&t 'ana/ al" nema n" (o-ora o o'(o'" +4"3en%a.Ne$ol"$o 'ana ,o&l"%e -"%e&t %e ,roc+r"la + ne$"m no-"nama/ 2l"&$"m &r,&$"m ta%n"m&l+2ama/ " ot$r"la ,o&to%an%e $a*neno( ,ro(ona ,rot"- #et-or"ce (enerala. Pe#at" -"0en"&+ ,otre2n". S+c" &+ ,ot,"&al" nalo( *a o2%a-+. S,ora*+m "*me)+ 5eo(ra'a/a&4"n(tona " Lon'ona ,ro,ao %e. Jac$ Stra? ,"0e 7arl" 'el Ponte 'a n%e*"na o,t+n"ca,r"%et" "*a*"-an%em $r-o,rol"3a + Sr2"%". Kra%em no-em2ra ::!. + Ha(+ P"erre Pro&,er2%e&n"= Tra"l" &mo o' -a& o'(o'+/ 'a 'r"te o,t+n"c+ *a,e#a3en+. N"&mo tra"l" ,re-"0e.

A $a' amer"#$" 0e< '",lomac"%e ne0to $ae/ ,or+$a tre2a 2"t" &4-a3ena o*2"l%no 6...9 S-" 6+amer"#$o% a'm"n"&trac"%" o,. a.9 ele ,ono-o ra*motr"t" o'no&e & I7T8>em/ -"'%et" na 0to&mo ,r"&"l%en" " 0to o-"&" o na0o% 'o2ro% -ol%". 7arla 'el Ponte m+ %e o'2r+&"la= Ka' -a0eel%e n"&+ +&l"0ane/ one ,o&ta%+ *a,o-"%e'". Al" ne moete nare)"-at" &+c"ma/ a &amo &+on" 2"l" na'len" *a 'ono0en%e te o'l+$e. Pro&,er %o% %e *a,r"%et"o= N"t$o n"%e re$ao 'a %eto nare)en%e/ ne(o mol2a. Morate ,r",a*"t" 0to (o-or"te. Va0e o'2"%an%e &l+0an%a moe"mat" ,o&l%e'"ce. N"&mo *a'o-ol%n". Imal" &mo ,ol"t"$+ ot-oren"4 -rata/ mo'a 3ete o'&a'morat" $+cat" 'a 2"&te +0l".

Vel"$e &"le +&tra%no ,o'+*"ma%+ $ora$e " *2o( 'r+("4 o&+mn%"#en"$a. Strate("%a o$on#an%aot-or"la %e -rata ,ol"t"#$om -o)en%+ ,ra-o&+)a. S-at$o "ma &-o%a ,otra"-an%a. Samo "4Amer"$anc" " 5r"tanc" ,ret-ara%+ + *a4t%e-e " t-r'o na&t+,a%+. O&tal" ra'"%e &+(er"ra%+ ne,r"2%e(a-a%+3" ,r"t"&c"ma. I,a$/ &-" o,ra-'a-a%+ &-o%e m"%e0an%e + "me ,ra(mat"*ma ",otre2e 'a &e +&t+,c"ma ,ota$n+ &r,&$e -la&t" na ola$0an%e ,r"&t+,a ar4"-+ " na +4"3en%ena%tee +4-atl%"-"4 2%e(+naca/ $ao 0to &+ Mla'"3 " Kara'"3. I7T8 ta'a 2ro%" '-a'e&et2%e(+naca/ o' $o%"4 %e 'e-etnae&t Sr2a. D-a'e&et" %e Hr-at/ Ante oto-"na/ 2"-0"

!G



le("onar/ o&+)"-an + Franc+&$o% *a "*n+'+ $o%e( %e I7T8 ::1. o,t+"o *a *lo#"ne ,rot"-

$ra%"n&$"4 Sr2a + a+(+&t+ 1G. Za(re2 o'2"%a "*r+#"t" &-o%e(a (enerala/ -"te*aDomo-"n&$o( rata. I 4r-at&$e -la&t" na'a%+ &e na(o'2". Je'an 2"-0" amer"#$" ,o&e2n""*a&lan"$ na 5al$an+ *alae &e + ma%+ ::!. $o' 7arle Del Ponte 'a o'+&tane o' to(a&l+#a%a. V"0e 'r+("4 me)+naro'n"4 l"#no&t" ,o&re'+%+ + n%e(o-+ $or"&t. oto-"na "ma&a-e*n"$e + Franc+&$o%/ ('%e %e "-"o/ " + S%e'"n%en"m Amer"#$"m Dra-ama. Amer"#$"-o%n" &tr+#n%ac" &a-%eto-al" &+ (a *a -r"%eme -o%n"4 o,erac"%a + Kra%"n" 1G. Moera#+nat" " na ,ot,or+ amer"#$"4 neo$on*er-at"-n"4 $r+(o-a $o%" + a&4"n(ton T"me>&+&,a%a%+ no-"n&$+ $am,an%+ ,rot"- I7T8>a " ,o*"- na ,o-la#en%e o,t+n"ce ,rot"- n%e(a. Al"+ Lon'on+ "ma e&to$e ne,r"%atel%e $o%" (a ,o' &-a$+ c"%en+ ele -"'%et" + *at-or+.a&4"n(ton &e &-r&ta-a na "&t+ &tran+ &re'"nom ::!./ ,o&l"%e o'2"%an%a Hr-at&$e 'a,ot,"0e 2"lateraln" +(o-or o ,ra-nom "m+n"tet+ $o%" 2" 0t"t"o amer"#$e (ra)ane o'

$a*nen"4 ,ro(ona ,re' &taln"m Me)+naro'n"m $a*nen"m &+'om 6I779. Za(re2 %e,o,+&t"o ,o' ,r"%e$or"ma E+ro,&$e +n"%e + $o%+ Hr-at&$a el" %e'no( 'ana +3". To 3e %e&ta%at" +&$ra3"-an%a amer"#$e -o%ne ,omo3".

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5r"tanc" 3e 2ran"t" *a4t%e-e ,ra-'e %e'na$o '%elot-orno $ao " $a' &+ "m &e o,"ral" " ,r"&"l"t

3e Hr-at&$+ 'a "*r+#" oto-"n+ &+c"ma I7T8>a. Za(re2 %e *a,o#eo ,roce& ,r"2l"a-an%aE+ro,&$o% +n"%" " +&$oro 3e mo3" ot-or"t" ,re(o-ore *a $an'"'at+r+. Na ,ot"ca% Vel"$e5r"tan"%e/ E+ro,a +-%et+%e ot-aran%e to( ,roce&a ,+nom &+ra'n%om & I7T8>em. Po#et$om::B. Za(re2 ,re'a%e 2e* o'la(an%a o&am no-"4 o,t+en"$a/ '-a 4r-at&$a (enerala "0e&t Hr-ata "* 5o&ne $o%" "-e + Hr-at&$o%. Ka' %e 1B. a,r"la ::B. 5r+Qelle& *atra"on%e*"no m"0l%en%e/ 7arla 'el Ponte mo(la %e &amo ,o*'ra-"t" na,ore Za(re2a/ ale3" ",a$0to n"%e +4"3en oto-"na. O-o ,o-ol%no m"0l%en%e omo(+3"t 3e ot-aran%e ,re(o-ora. 7arla'el Ponte &e na'a 'a 3e ta *a&l+ena ,omo3 ola$0at" "*r+#"-an%e oto-"ne. D-a'e&etm"n+ta ,o&l"%e 2r"tan&$" -ele,o&lan"$ + Ha(+ &t"e + +re' 7arle Del Ponte 'a %o% "*ra*"'+2o$o ne&la(an%e Lon'ona. Sat ,o&l"%e &t"e &a-%etn"$ amer"#$o( -ele,o&lan&t-a 'a " ono&+'" 'ran%e t+"tel%"ce + %e'nom e+ro,&$om ,re'met+ $o%" &e *a,ra-o ne t"#e

a&4"n(tona. Amer"#$" '",lomat 2e*o2*"rno %e o,t++%e 'a 3e ta$-"m ,ona0an%em+,ro,a&t"t" &-a$" na,or 'a &e ,o&t"(ne Kara'"3e-o " Mla'"3e-o +4"3en%e. T-r'" 'a n%e*"na(e&ta ,rema Hr-at&$o% ,r"%et" o'-ra3an%em 5eo(ra'a o' &+ra'n%e. Lon'on ne +&,"%e-a2lo$"rat" ot-aran%e ,re(o-ora. Al" +&,"%e-a na,rot"- &,r"%e#"t" n%"4o- "&4o'/ $an'"'at+r+Hr-at&$e *a E+ro,&$+ +n"%+/ &-e 'o $ra%a ::G. " 'o +4"3en%a Ante oto-"ne naKanar&$"m otoc"ma.

O#"t ne&$la' ,ol"t"$e Lon'ona/ $o%" %e *a 'r+(e o,t+en"$e &,reman na *a$+l"&nena(o'2e/ a man%e o'l+#an 'a ,re$"ne ne$an%eno&t Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a ne(o oto-"ne/,ota$ao %e mno(a ,"tan%a. Ona &+ o&tala 2e* o'(o-ora. Me'"%" &+(er"ra%+/ al" n"&++-%eren"/ 'a %e r"%e# o &tarom &,or+ o$o "&,or+$e or+%a "* Hr-at&$e IRA>"/ + #em+ %e

oto-"na mo(ao &+'%elo-at"/ a $o%e %e :::. (o'"ne $or"0teno + atentat+ na ,ro&tor"%eMI; + En(le&$o%. Ve*e 4r-at&$o( (enerala " IRA>e me)+t"m ,ot-r)ene &+= "r&$" ,la3en"c"2or"l" &+ &e +* n%e(a 11. + rat+ + Hr-at&$o%. Al" " *a4t%e- *a ,ra-'om 2e* &+mn%e %eta$o)er ,r+"o Vel"$o% 5r"tan"%" ,r"l"$+ 'a *a,r"%e#" na ne$o -r"%eme ,+t ,rema +la&$+Hr-at&$e + E+ro,&$+ +n"%+ " 'a ta$o ,r+" ,r"l"$+ Sr2"%" 'a na'o$na'" $a0n%en%e/ $a$o 2"omo(+3"la E+ro," 'a ra*motr" mo(+3no&t *a%e'n"#$o( +la&$a '-"%+ &+&%e'a "* 2"-0e

J+(o&la-"%e + EU.

Jo0 '-a 4r-at&$a (enerala ne$o &+ &e -r"%eme na'ala 'a 3e "*ma3" ,ra-'". O,t+2e ,rot"-Mla'ena Mar$a#a " I-ana Cerma$a/ $a*neno ,ro(on%en"4 *a "&t" &l+#a% $ao " Anteoto-"na/ o&tala &+ ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" na &tol+ &+ca Me>rona. Ka' "4 %e ,r"m"o + 'ecem2r+::!./ ,re'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a "(ra na $art+ &$ora0n%e( +&-a%an%a no-e re*ol+c"%e $o%a 3e m+'at" o-la&t 'a "4 o'2ac"/ " on o'2"%a o're'"t" &+ca *a ,ot-r'+. U <e2r+ar+ ::B. n%e(o-ao,&tr+$c"%a ,r"%et" "*a*"-an%em &$an'ala + I7T8>+. Pr"&"l%en %e ,re'at" &+c"ma te '-"%eo,t+n"ce/ $o%e &+ $ona#no o-%erene . marta ::B.

!



Staviti -ar&u %e& Ponte po% na%zor

Sre'"nom marta/ na ,ot"ca% 5r"tanaca/ no-" ,r"%e'lo( Re*ol+c"%e "ma "*(le'a 'a (a &-"o'o2re. Na *a4t%e- R+&"%e/ n+no&t &+)en%a Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+ + Ha(+/ #a$ " na$on+t-r)en"4 ro$o-a/ o,et %e ,o-+#ena. Franc+&$a %e "*2or"la no-o &la2l%en%e #lan$a $o%"&+(er"ra t+"tel%+ 'a -"0e ne ,o'"e o,t+n"ce. Je'an ,r"'%e- man%e/ "*2a#en %e '"ore#en"ce/ ,a &a'a + Re*ol+c"%" &to%"= Na,om"n%+3" &a *a2r"n+to03+ ,o$a*atel%e "*ne&ene. o$to2ra ,rema $o%"ma 2" mo(lo 2"t" nemo(+3e ,ro-e&t" &trate("%e o$on#an%a/ +t-r)eneRe*ol+c"%om 1G:! 6::!.9. Par"* %e ta$o)er +&,"o nametn+t" &,om"n%an%e &,ec"%aln"4"&tra(a ,rot"- #lano-a R+an'&$e ,atr"ot&$e -o%&$e $o%"ma K"(al" mora ,r+"t" ,omo3.

Po2"%e)en" &+ 'ecem2ar&$" ot,or" 5r"tanaca. Um%e&to o' ,re'&%e'n"$a/ $ona#no &e tra"o' S+'a/ 0to %e neo're)ena $om,rom"&na <orm+la/ 'a o&"(+ra-a &+$la'no&t no-"4o,t+n"ca & $r"ter"%"ma *a'an"ma + a+(+&t+ ::!. Ka' 2+'e (la&o-ala/ ;. marta ::B. +,r"lo( Re*ol+c"%" 1G!B/ Franc+&$a/ $o%a ,re'&%e'a-a V"%e3em &"(+rno&t"/ &"(+rna %e 'a %ene+tral"*"rala amer"#$+ (orl%"-+ el%+ 'a ,re+*me $ontrol+ na' '-a Me)+naro'na$a*nena &+'a. U tom &m"&l+ &a&ta-l%a ,"&mo + $o%em ,rec"*"ra 'a ta no-a re*ol+c"%a nemoe n" + $o%em &l+#a%+ 2"t" ,rot+ma#ena ta$o 'a 'o,+0ta ,rom%en+ man'ata "l" ,ra-"la,o&t+,$a.

!



a&4"n(ton ne ,r"4-a3a ta% ne+&,%e4 " +&,"%e-a "*n+'"t" ono 0to m+ %e o'2"%eno. T+"tel%

I7TR>a ne,r"m%etno na,+0ta &,ec"%alne "&tra(e $o%e K"(al" n"$a'a ne3e &am ot-or"t". UI7T8>+ T4eo'or Meron 2e* o'la(an%a &a*"-a "*-anre'n+ &%e'n"c+ &+'aca $a$o 2" 7arl+ 'elPonte &ta-"o ,o' na'*or. e&to( a,r"la ::B. "*m"%en%en %e #lana$ . Pra-"ln"$a o,o&t+,$+ I7T8>a ta$o 'a 'o,+0ta tren+ta#nom ,re'&%e'n"$+/ &+c+ Meron+/ $ontrol"ran%e,o&l%e'n%"4 o,t+"-an%a. L"0ena '"&$rec"%&$o( ,ra-a $r0en%em #lan$a 1;. Stat+ta I7>T8>a/-"car$a o&,ora-a &+c"ma ,ra-o 'a o'2ace o,t+2e ,o 'r+(om $r"ter"%+ o&"m 'o$a*a.U*al+'. Ta'a ,r"%et" 'a 3e o'at" %a-no&t" "mena o&+mn%"#en"4 $o%" 2+'+ o'2a#en". Jer na&"lno &$ra3enom ,o,"&+ ne$a &+ ,reo&tala "mena ,o*nata ,o *l+. D-a 2" &l+#a%a me)+t"mmo(la ,a&t" na "&,"t+. Ona "4 o'l+#+%e +&t+,"t"/ %e'an 5eo(ra'+/ a 'r+(" Za(re2+/ $a$o 2",ro-%er"la -ol%+ 'oma3"4 -la'a 'a 'o,+&te &-o%"m &+'o-"ma &+)en%e notorn"m*lo#"nc"ma.11! No ona/ na,rot"-/ ne moe o'+&tat" o' o,t+n"ce $o%+ %e +,ra-o ,ot,"&ala/

#a$ " a$o n"%e &"(+rna 'a 3e 2"t" ,r"4-a3ena. O,t+eno(a orana Ha'"3a/ ne$a'a0n%e(&$la'"0tara/ ,o&ta-"o %e Slo2o'an M"lo0e-"3 na #elo Sr2a + '"%el+ Hr-at&$e o$o V+$o-ara.O,t+n"ca ,olae "&,"t %er %e oran Ha'"3 -")en $a$o m+ n%e(o- mentor 'o'%el%+%e "me,re'&%e'n"$a "&to#ne Sla-on"%e/ '"%ela Hr-at&$e +* (ran"c+ nam"%en%eno( ,r",a%an%+&+&%e'no% Sr2"%". Kr"ter"%" &+ ne%a&n"/ ,a 'a$le ar2"trarn". S+c" ne ele o,t+"t" %e'no('r+(o( 4r-at&$o( (enerala/ M"r$a Norca/ *a *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene ,rot"- Sr2a 1!. ,a$ona#no ,r"&ta%+ na$on 0to &+ 'o2"l" +-%era-an%a 'a 3e 2"t" ,re'an &+c"ma n%e(o-e*eml%e. No m%e&ec"ma o$l"%e-a%+ ,r"4-at"t" o,t+n"c+ ,rot"- %e'no( "*-r0"tel%a $o%" %e &am'o0ao ,r"*nat" &-o%e &+'%elo-an%e + ,o$ol%+ + Sre2ren"c"/ al" $ona#no ,r"&ta%+ 2o%e3" &e,re$r0"t" ,ra-o&+'na ,ra-"la + &l+#a%+ ta$o te0$"4 ,r"*nat"4 *lo#"na. Na S+'+ + Ar+&4" &+c"o'2"%a%+ ,o&l+0at" &+ca Merona "a$o %e 'o,+to-ao $a$o 2" "4 +-%er"o 'a ,r"4-ate "&t"

aman'man. Al" ,o&l+0no&t no-o( t+"tel%a omo(+3+%e I7TR>+ 'a &e ,r"0te'" <ormalno(&ta-l%an%a ,o' na'*or.

Strate*ija o(ončanja

Da 2" 2ol%e o-la'ale T+"tel%&t-om + Ha(+ -el"$e &"le (+0e Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' "+&$ra3+%+ m+ nanc"%&$a &re'&t-a. Pr" +&-a%an%+ ,rora#+na *a ::B. T+"tel%&t-+ %e,rora#+n &man%en *a m"l"ona 'olara/ a o&tat$+ S+'a 'ana &+ ,o-e3an%a. Al" I7T8 %enaro#"to ,o(o)en nare'2om "* ma%a ::B. 'a o2+&ta-" &-a$o no-o *a,o0l%a-an%e/,ra-'a%+3" to *ao&tac"ma +,lata K"ne/ Ja,ana/ 5ra*"la " S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a +,rora#+n U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a. S$ora0n%e *at-aran%e I7T8>a "*a*-alo %e o'la*a$ &tot"n%a$o&o2a/ -e3"nom "* T+"tel%&t-a. T"m o'l%e-om na%-"0e %e ,o(o)en I&tran" o'%el. Na%2ol%""&tra"tel%" o'la*e ,o%a#at" re'o-e I77>a/ ta$o)er &m%e0teno( + Ha(+. Ne$" 'r+("

!



o'(o-ara%+ na ,r"maml%"- ,o*"- la-no( ta%n"0t-a U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a o' $o%e( %e + %+l+

*atraeno 'a ,o+r" & "&tra(om o mal-er*ac"%ama $o%e &+ #lano-" te or(an"*ac"%e ,o#"n"l"+ o$-"r+ ,ro(rama Na<ta *a 4ran+ + $or"&t Ira$a= ,on+)ena "m %e tro&tr+$o -"0a ,la3a o'one + I7T8>+. UN &e/ me)+t"m/ ,rot"-" amer"#$om ,o$+0a%+ 'a &re'"nom ::B. o'+*m+'-a'e&eta$ ,ra-n"$a I7>T8>+ $a$o 2" &e +&,o&ta-"o Ira#$" &,ec"%aln" &+'. la-no ta%n"0t-oU%e'"n%en"4 naro'a ne el" 'at" ,o'r0$+ &+'+ $o%" ,r"m%en%+%e &mrtn+ $a*n+. 5+'+3" 'a nemoe na'o$na'"t" o'la&$e no-"m *a,o0l%a-an%"ma/ T+"tel%&t-o mora ra'"t" &a &man%en"m$a,ac"tet"ma + tren+t$+ *at-aran%a ,o&l%e'n%"4 "&tra(a. 5e* ra&,olo"-"4 <on'o-a $ona#no

%e ,r"&"l%eno o(ran"#"t" *a'at$e "&tra"tel%a na teren+ +man%+%+3" ta$o &-o%+ &,o&o2no&t,r"$+,l%an%a 'o'atn"4 'o$a*a 'a 2" na -r"%eme o2ra'"lo ,re'mete. S+c" n"&+ ,o'-r(n+t""&t"m ,r"t"&c"ma.

Ka' &e ,re'&%e'n"$ Meron ,ot+"o na *amr*a-an%e *a,o0l%a-an%a $o%e ,r"%et"o(ran"#en%em n%e(o-e &,o&o2no&t" ,ro(ram"ran%a &+'&$"4 ,o&t+,a$a/ Ne? 8or$ &e,o+r"o o'o2r"t" m+ "*n"mne m%ere %er 2"

11! 5eo(ra'&$" t+"tel% *a'+en *a ratne *lo#"ne na&ta-"t 3e "&tra(+ 2e* o'la(an%a. Hr-at&$a 3e"mat" -"0e ,ote0$o3a/ *2o( ,ol"t"#$o( +t%eca%a o&+mn%"#eno(a/ al" 3e $ona#no ,o'+*et" $a*nen",ro(on ::.

B:



$a0n%en%e ,roce&a mo(lo ,ro'+l%"t" "-ot Tr"2+nala. U%e&en ::B. 7arla 'el Ponte *o-e na

+*2+n+ E+ro,l%ane= I*(+2"la &am o$o G:[ o&o2l%a me'+ ,ra-n"c"ma " B:[ me'+"&tra"tel%"ma. Zamr*a-an%e *a,o0l%a-an%a/ 0to %e o'l+#"lo Ta%n"0t-o U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/&,re#a-a me 'a "4 *am"%en"m. Na%%e'no&ta-n"%e r%e0en%e 2"lo 2" m" "*2ac"t" "&tra(e/,re&tat" &e 2or"t" *a ,o&t"*an%e +4"3en%a &-"4 o'2%e(l"4 " +&re'oto#"t" &e na ,o&t+,$e +t"%e$+. U,ra-o to mno(" ,r"el%$+%+/ $a$o +n+tar ta$o " "*-an 2"-0e J+(o&la-"%e. Al" to 2"'on"%elo mra#n+ 2+'+3no&t o-o% re("%" *a -"0e 'e&etl%e3a. 5"o 2" to " -rlo *lo&l+tan,re'*na$ *a me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e. 5"tno %e 'a &-" o,t+en"c" + 2"%e(+/ ,o&e2noKara'"3/ Mla'"3 " oto-"na/ 2+'+ ,re'an" I7T8>+. A$o me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca 'o,+&t"

%e'nome o' n%"4 'a +ma$ne ,ra-'"/ &-" 2" mo(l" *a+-"%e$ o'rat" &-o%+ ne$an%"-o&t.

F"nanc"%&$a $r"*a ,otra%ala %e 'o $ra%a ::B. I7T8 %e ta'a ,o'-r(n+t no-"m ,rora#+n&$"m

o(ran"#en%"ma *a ::G. (o'"n+. Me)+t"m/ o'l+#an re* o' 1:[ +$+,no( o&o2l%a S+'ane+ra-noteen %e. Na,or &man%en%a o'no&" &e + ,r-om re'+ na T+"tel%&t-o $o%e (+2"!G[ ra'n"4 m%e&ta. Amer"$anc" ,o$+0a-a%+ nametn+t" I7T8>+ -"%e3e *a na'*or/ al" t+no-+ &m"cal"c+ o'2ac+%+ 2ro%ne 'ra-e $o%e + &+&ta-no% -ol%" amer"#$e a'm"n"&trac"%e 'ao$rn%" $re'"2"l"tet " +#"n$o-"to&t Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a 6I7T9 -"'e -ol%+ 'a o&la2"&taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779. U V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" $ra%em ::B. Franc+&$a "&t"#era*orn" +#"na$ &man%en%a nanc"%a $o%e ,aral"*"ra I7T " ,r"m%e3+%e= Ima ne0to,ara'o$&alno + #"n%en"c" 'a 'ra-e ,o'ra-a%+ &trate("%+ o$on#an%a " 'a/ & 'r+(e &trane/&man%+%+ &re'&t-a *a "*-o)en%e ,o&la. M"&"%a Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a mora &ena&ta-"t" &-e 'o$ Ra'o-an+ Kara'"3+/ Rat$+ Mla'"3+ "l" Ka2+(" 6*a R+an'+ o,. a.9 ne2+'e &+)eno. Re*ol+c"%e 1G:! " 1G!B ne &m"%+ 2"t" ,o,+'2"na *a ne$an%"-o&t.

Jor'an&$" -ele,o&lan"$ ,r" U%e'"n%en"m naro'"ma + Ne? 8or$+ %e'"n" %e +$a*ao nane"&$reno&t -el"$"4 &"la. U V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" ,r"nc Ze"' al>H+&e"n/ $o%" %e " ,re'&%e'n"$S$+,0t"ne 'ra-a $o%e &+'%el+%+ + I77>+/ $ae ;. o$to2ra ::B.= Pre&tan"te &e t+"t" na-"&o$e tro0$o-e Me)+naro'n"4 $a*nen"4 &+'o-a/ $o%" ne $o0ta%+ n"0ta + +&,ore'2" &ratom. Ka' %e me)+naro'na *a%e'n"ca &,remna ,otro0"t" 2l"*+ tr"l"%+n amer"#$"4 'olara(o'"0n%e *a naor+an%e >to( ,o-"%e&no( ,rat"oca rata >$a$o moemo re3" 'a &+ &-ote,otro0ene *a ,ra-'+/ na%-e3e( ,rat"oca m"ra/ ,re-"&o$e Sl+2eno/ ,aral"*"rano&t S+'a&amo %e alo&na &l+#a%no&t $o%+ +*ro$+%+ lo0e ,lat"0e. Ne&l+2eno/ $ao 0to to ,o-%era-a&re'"nom &e,tem2ra ::B. %e'an #lan Ure'a ,ra-n"4 ,o&lo-a U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a + Ne?

8or$+/ *amr*a-an%e *a,o0l%a-an%a + I7T>+ o'l+#"l" &+ #"no-n"c" + Ne? 8or$+ 'a 2" o'ral",r"t"&a$ na Ha0$o t+"tel%&t-o/ ta$o 'a 0to %e mo(+3e man%" 2ro% "&tra(a re*+lt"ra no-"mo,t+2ama + o-o% *a-r0no% <a*" $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona. C"no-n"c" $o%" "*-r0a-a%+ nare)en%a/$ao + Ne? 8or$+ 5r"tanac Ral,4 Zac$l"n/ -el"$" me0tar o-e &trate("%e ,re&tan$a 'oto$a&re'&ta-a.

B1



Pravo ne o0e v&a%ati svijeto

Vel"$e &"le ,o$+0ale &+ &lom"t" neo-"&no&t I7T8>a/ &mr-"t" (a $a$o 2" ,o&tao &amo "(ra#$a,ol"t"#ara/ &+$la'no ,o#etn"m nam%erama/ 'o$ ,ot,+no ne 2+'e ma$n+t ,r"%e ne(o 0to+&,"%e #a&no "*-r0"t" &-o% man'at. N%"4o-a ne&m"l%ena man",+lac"%a c"l%ala %e + ,r-om re'+na T+"tel%&t-o/ %e'"n" or(an &+'&$o( &tro%a & '"&$rec"%&$"m ,ra-om. Ima mo3 o'l+#"-an%ao +,+tno&t" "&tra(a "l" $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona/ 0to %e n%e(o-a &na(a " n%e(o-a ran%"-o&t. Vel"$e&"le n"&+ mo(le '"rat" + mo3 &+'aca 'a &+'e. 11B Da &+ o' me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)ana,ra-"l" ,aro'"%+ ,ra-'e/ o$rn%"le 2" -la&t"t+ mo3 '"%el%en%a ,ra-'e. Ht%ele &+ o(ran"#"t"me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e/ &,r"%e#"t" (a 'a &e ra*-"%a 2e* na'*ora/ 'a &e o&%e3a &lo2o'n"mne ,ola(at" ra#+ne/ &talno (a ,o'&%e3at" 'a ne moe ra'"t" neo-"&no o '",lomat&$om

,roce&+ " nametat" &-o%+ lo("$+ ,ol"t"#$om ,roce&+. Morale &+ ra*2"t" "l+*"%+ 'a ,ra-omoe -la'at" &-"%etom/ a ",a$ ne o'+*et" $re'"2"l"tet ,ra-o&+'no% ,r"%etn%"/ or+%+ $o%"m &e

114 S+c" &+ ta$o)er "*loen" ,ol"t"#$"m ,r"t"&c"ma/ al" on" &e ,r"%e &-e(a t"#+ &,ore'n"4 -"'o-a&+'&$"4 ,re'meta/ $ao 0to &+ ,+0tan%e na ,r"-remen+ &lo2o'+ "l" nalo*" 'ra-ama 'a o'o2re&-%e'o#en%e -"&o$"4 *a,a'n%a#$"4 '+no&n"$a. Ne moe &e me)+t"m "&$l%+#"t" $a$o &+ -el"$e &"le&nano ,ot"cale "*r"can%e *a2rane 'a &e Me)+naro'nom &+'+ ,ra-'e 6I7J9 ,re'a%+ '"%elo-" ar4"-aVr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9/ $o%" ,ot-r)+%e +m"%e0ano&t 5eo(ra'a + rat " *-%er&t-a + 5o&n" "Herce(o-"n". Uo&talom/ o'l+$e 'a &e ,o&l"%e o&+'e ne ot-ara%+ ,ono-o ne$" &l+#a%e-"/ $ao 0to %e&l+#a% T"4om"ra 5la0$"3a "l" 5"l%ane Pla-0"3/ #"n" &e 'a &+ -"0e nametn+te -remen&$"m o(ran"#en%emne(o ,ra-o&+'n"m ar(+ment"ma.

B



nam%era-a%+ " 'al%e $or"&t"t"/ ,rema -la&t"t"m "ntere&"ma. Ta$o &+ 'o $ra%n%"4 (ran"ca

&man%"le mane-ar&$" ,ro&tor I7T8>a 'o$a*+%+3" "&to'o2no 'a ra&,ola+/ $a'a ele/t"%el"ma $o%a &+ &,o&o2na +#"n$o-"to 2ran"t" me)+naro'no ,ra-o le(aln"m &+'&$"m,o&t+,c"ma $o%" "ma%+ $re'"2"l"tet. Me)+naro'na ,ra-'a moe <+n$c"on"rat"= moe,ro-o'"t" te0$e "&tra(e " 'o3" 'o &re'"0ta -la&t"/ -o'"t" 2e* &+mn%e '+(e " te0$e/ al",ra-e'ne ,o&t+,$e/ %am#"t" ,ra-'+ 'o&to%n+ to( "mena. Al" ona o&ta%e or+%e mo3n"4.7arla 'el Ponte "*-la#" (or$+ le$c"%+ to( o$r+tno( '-o2o%a "*me)+ ,ra-'e " ,ol"t"$e .

%an+ara ::./ ,re' &t+'ent"ma ,ra-a Katol"#$o( &-e+#"l"0ta + L"lle+= Po&to%" *latno,ra-"lo $o%e &-a$" t+"tel%/ 'ra-n" "l" me)+naro'n"/ mora "mat" na +m+= ,ol"t"$a %e ,ra-'"ono 0to %e -o'a $o-"n". Na(r"*a %e/ "*%e'a/ $-ar" " $ona#no +n"0ta-a

Na#elo la-no( &toera UN>a + Ne? 8or$+ a$o 'ra-e -"0e ne ,la3a%+/ *na#" 'a nema

,ol"t"#$e -ol%e ra*+m%el" &+ na 5al$an+. Vla'e *na%+ 'a &e "*la+ &-e man%o% o,a&no&t""*2%e(a-a%+3" &-o%e *a$on&$e o2a-e*e. U ::B.(o'"n" I7T8 "ma '-a'e&et '-a o,t+en"$a/-e3"n+ + Sr2"%". Vo%"&la- Ko0t+n"ca/ $o%" %e ,o&tao ,rem"%er + <e2r+ar+ ::B./ o'2"%a &-a$o+4"3en%e. U %+l+ 5eo(ra' 'o,+0ta %o0 %e'nom o,t+en"$+/ oran+ Ha'"3+/ 2"-0emM"lo0e-"3e-+ ,la3en"$+ + V+$o-ar/ 'a ,o2%e(ne. A 7arla 'el Ponte (a %e lo$al"*"rala ,r"%ene(o %e ,re'ala nalo( *a +4"3en%e " ,o$a*ala %e &r,&$o% ,ol"c"%" ('%e 'a (a na)e. Ta %e&cena &n"ml%ena &$r"-en"m $amerama/ &m%e0ten"ma o$o -"le/ +* ,omo3 %e'ne e+ro,&$eo2a-%e0ta%ne &l+2e.

Ne$"ma + Lon'on+ 'ra" %e ,r"&t+, I7TR>a $o%" %e o'+&tao o' ,o'"*an%a no-"4 o,t+n"ca$a$o 2" &e +&re'oto#"o na &+'&$e ,o&t+,$e/ o2%a0n%a-a 1;. %+la ::B. 7arl" 'el Ponte&a-%etn"$ -ele,o&lan&t-a Vel"$e 5r"tan"%e + Ha(+. 5r"tan&$" '",lomat 'o'a%e= 5eo(ra' 3e

o' -a& *atra"t" 'a #et"r" &r,&$a (enerala ne &matrate -rlo -"&o$"m '+no&n"c"ma " 'a'o,+&t"te n%"4o-o ,re2ac"-an%e &r,&$om ,ra-o&+)+. P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er ta$o)er,o$+0a-a -"car$+ nat%erat" na $ora$ +natra(. 5+'+3" 'a ,r"t"&c" na 5eo(ra' ne '%el+%+/on tra" o' n%e . &e,tem2ra ::B. 'a o'+&tane o' ne$"4 "m,erat"-a ,ra-'e= 5+'"terealn". Ne3ete 'o2"t" &-e 'o$+mente $o%e &te tra"l"/ &-e 2%e(+nce... Kol"$o 2" -am 2"lo'o-ol%no A ona m+ o'2r+&"= To %e o,a&no Por+$a $o%+ Pro&,er o'a0"l%e -e3 (o'"n+'ana +-%er"la %e -o)e + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" + n+no&t ,r"&$r2l%"-an%a na$lono&t" mo3n"4&a-e*n"$a $a$o 2" "*2%e(l" ,o'-r(a-an%e me)+naro'n"m ,ra-"l"ma.

Kra%em ::B. 7arla Del Ponte &,rema &e o,t+"t" Ram+&4a Hara'"na%a/ 2"-0e(*a,o-%e'n"$a Vo%&$e *a o&lo2o)en%e Ko&o-a 6U7K9 + $ra%+ o$o Pe3"/ ,rot"- $o%e(a %e

ot-or"la "&tra(+ ::1. Ota'a %e "&tra"-an%e #"n%en"ca na"0lo na -"0e&tr+$e *a,re$e. S-"an(lo&a$&on&$" ,omo3n"c" t+"tel%a/ $o%" &+ re'om *a'+"-an" *a ta% ,re'met/ tra"l" &+ 'a"4 &e &$"ne & n%e(a. Je'n" *ato 0to &+ o&+mn%"#en"$a &matral" ,o're)en"m "*-r0"tel%em "/'a$le/ ne'o&to%n"m "ntere&a t"ma $o%" ra'" na *lo#"n"ma U7K/ 'r+(" %er &+ &e &-%e'oc"

B!



,o-la#"l" "l" &+ 'o$a*e -%ero-atno $r"-ot-or"le &r,&$e ta%ne &l+2e. SAD " Vel"$a 5r"tan"%a

,+&t"l" &+ 'a &e *a2ora-" na *a4t%e-e *a ,omo3 $o%e "m %e I7T8 (o'"nama &lao " ,o'n%"4o-"m +t%eca%em m"&"%a U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a na Ko&o-+ o'2"la %e &+ra)"-at" na tom,re'met+ & I7T8>em/ "a$o %e -o'"la $o&o-&$" Pra-n" o'%el " ra&,ola(ala *a,"&n"c"ma $o%" &eo'no&e na ta% ,re'met. Ram+&4 Hara'"na% o&+mn%"#en %e 'a %e nare)"-ao otm"ceAl2anaca 'r+(e ,ol"t"#$e or"%entac"%e/ otm"ce Sr2a " Roma/ n%"4o-o *ato#en%e + $o%em &+,retr,%el" tort+re/ a *at"m &+ &ma$n+t". O' %e&en" %e 7arla 'el Ponte +,o*ora-ala -el"$e&"le 'a 3e Hara'"na% 2"t" o,t+en ,r"%e $ra%a (o'"ne " 'a 3e tra"t" 'a (a +4"te NATO>&na>(e ra&,ore)ene na Ko&o-+. U ne-%er"c"/ %e'an -"&o$" '+no&n"$ State De,ar>tmenta+*-"$n+o %e= Ka$o &te mo(l" &$+,"t" 'o&ta 'o$a*a *a o,t+n"c+/ $a' -am n"&mo n"0ta'al" I ,o+r"o &e o2%a&n"t"= Nara-no/ n"&mo "mal" n"0ta. D-a'e&et 'r+(o( no-em2ra +Ne? 8or$+ P"erre R"c4ar' Pro&,er +,o*or"o %e 7arl+ 'el Ponte= Mo%a a'm"n"&trac"%a

&matra o-+ o,t+n"c+ "*-orom ,ro2lema. V"0e *emal%a el" 'a SAD ,re+*me o'l+$+ 'a-am $a+ moe l" &e "l" ne ,o'"(n+t" o,t+n"ca. Ja &am "4 ra*+-%era-ao " re$ao "m 'a 3etena& -" o tome o2a-"%e&t"t" na -r"%eme. O'(o-or"la %e= To 3e 2"t" #lana$ .1. 6"*ra-nao&o2na o'(o-orno&t o,. a.9 %er %e &am "*ra-no +,leten + *lo#"ne. S+tra'an %e Ka>t4leenSte-en&/ *a'+ena *a e+ro,&$e ,o&lo-e + State De,artment+ ,"tala 7arl+ Del Ponte=Pot%e#+ l" -a0" 'o$a*" "* 'o$+menata $o%e %e 'ao 5eo(ra' 6...9 Ram+&4 %e %a$o,o-r"%e)en. o$"ran %e. Ne *na 0to 'a &a' ra'". Pre0a-0" ,o&l"%e rata + ,ol"t"$+/ Hara'"na%

%e ,re'-")en *a m%e&to ,rem"%era Ko&o-a. N%e(o-a &tran$a/ $o%a %e na ,arlamentarn"m"*2or"ma + o$to2r+ *a+*ela tre3e m%e&to 'o2"la %e &amo [ (la&o-a/ al" %e ,otre2nam"rot-ornom -o'" I2ra4"m+ R+(o-" $a$o 2" &a&ta-"o -la'+. Amer"$anc" &+ (a ,o$+0al"o'-rat"t" o' ,r"4-a3an%a to( ,oloa%a/ al" %e Hara'"na% to e&to$o o'2"o + ,"&m+

na&lo-l%enom P4"l",+ ol'2er(+/ amer"#$om ,re'&ta-n"$+ + Pr"0t"n"/ + $o%em o,t++%e7arl+ 'el Ponte 'a "ma ,ol"t"#$" c"l%. a&4"n(ton/ $o%" &tra4+%e o' no-"4 nem"ra na Ko&o-+/mane-r"ra + &%en". A Kat4leen Ste-en& 'o2ac+%e= M"&l"m 'a 2" ra'"%e "0ao + Ha( $ao,rem"%er. Ht"o 2" 'a o,t+n"ca o&tane *a,e#a3ena 6ne %a-na o,. a.9 (o'"n+ 'ana $a$o 2"&e $a&n"%e ,re'ao &+'+. U me)+-remen+ Hara'"na% &e na'a ,o&tat" ocem neo-"&no&t"Ko&o-a. Pre(o-or" o $ona#nom &tat+&+ Ko&o-a ,re' ot-aran%em &+. U ,o#et$+ &e,re'-")alo 'a 3e *a-r0"t" $ra%em ::G.

BB



Po&l%e'n%" *am%en"$ t+"tel%a *a'+en *a ta% &l+#a% Amer"$anac %e. Kra%em no-em2ra

+-%eren %e $a$o "ma 'o&ta 'o$a*a 'a o,t+" Hara'"na%a *a "*ra-n+ o'(o-orno&t 6#lana$.1.9 " *a o'(o-orno&t $ao 4"%erar4"%&$" na're)ena o&o2a 6,o #lan$+ .!. Stat+ta9. Al",o#et$om 'ecem2ra/ tr" t%e'na ,r"%e ro$a na$on $o%e(a T+"tel%&t-o ne moe "*'at"o,t+n"c+/ ,o-la#" &e & to( &l+#a%a. Ne el" &a&ta-"t" o,t+n"c+ $o%+ t+"tel% o#e$+%e na&tol+ . 'ecem2ra. 7arla 'el Ponte o&+,n+ta %e tom ,rom%enom &ta-a + *a'n%" #a&.Amer"$anac &e "*-la#" te " on ma0e +o2"#a%enom "&,r"$om $a$o 2" *a+&ta-"o $a*nen",ro(on= S-%e'oc" n"&+ -%ero'o&to%n". 7arla 'el Ponte +rno "men+%e no-o( *am%en"$a.Na$on tr" t%e'na ,omamno( ,re(le'a-an%a &-"4 'o$a*a + ,remet+/ o,t+n"ca %e $ona#no(oto-a. To 3e 2"t" ,o&l%e'n%a $o%+ 3e ,ot,"&at" 7arla 'el Ponte. S+'ac %+ %e -rlo ,otan$o,re(le'ao $a$o 2" ,rona0ao " na%man%+ ,o(re0$+ *2o( $o%e 2" mo(ao o'2"t" n%e*"no,ot-r)"-an%e " o-%er"o %+ %e ,o#et$om marta ::G. Nalo( *a +4"3en%e o'ma4 %e ,re'an

NATO>&na(ama. U me)+-remen+ %e &re'"nom 'ecem2ra Ram+&4 Hara'"na% "meno-an *a$o&o-&$o( ,rem"%era +* ,r"&tana$ me)+naro'ne *a%e'n"ce $o%a %e 2"la o2a-"%e0tena o,re'&to%e3o% o,t+n"c" *a *lo#"ne ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t". Po&l"%e n%e(o-e o&ta-$e " 'o2ro-ol%ne,re'a%e Ha(+ ,o#et$om ::G. ,+0ten %e na &lo2o'+ + o#e$"-an%+ ,roce&a. P"&mo ,o'r0$eRo2"na 7oo$a/ 2"-0e( 0e<a 2r"tan&$e '",lomac"%e/ +-%er"lo %e &+ce +nato# e&to$om,rot"-l%en%+ T+"tel%&t-a $o%e %e +$a*"-alo na -"0e &l+#a%e-a *a&tra0"-an%a &-%e'o$ana&"l%em. Do ot-aran%a n%e(o-a ,roce&a G. marta ::. Hara'"na% %e -"0e "l" man%e'"&$retno na&ta-"o ,ol"t"#$o '%elo-an%e na Ko&o-+ +* ,o'r0$+ *a,a'n"4 &a-e*n"$a +nato#*a2ran" &+'aca I7T8>a. U &+'n"c" G. marta 7arla 'el Ponte "&t"#e 'a *lo#"n" $o%e %e ,o#"n"oona% $o%e(a na*"-a ratn"m -o'om n"&+ 2"l" n"malo ,lemen"t"/ %+na#$"/ 'omol%+2n" "l"#a&n". Do'ala %e= I,a$/ ne$e o&o2e n"&+ 4t%ele o-+ o,t+n"c+ 6a o,. a9 malo n%"4

,o'ra-alo %+ %e/ $a$o me)+ &tranc"ma ta$o me)+ 'oma3"m l%+'"ma. U$a*+%+3" na no-e,r"%etn%e &-%e'oc"ma $o%" %o0 +-"%e$ ,r"&ta%+ &-%e'o#"t"/ +,o*or"la %e= A$o &e &-%e'oc" ne,o%a-e na S+'+/ 2"t 3+ ,r"&"l%ena ,re$"n+t" $a*nen" ,ro(on. U2o%&t-o 2arem '-o%"ce$l%+#n"4 &-%e'o$a/ &mrt + &+mn%"-"m +-%et"ma tre3e(a/ " o'+&ta%an%e -"0e n%"4 -e3'o,+0ta%+ &+mn%e + o&+'+.

)tr(a s vreeno na štetu prav%e

Za-r0et$om "&tra(a -el"$e &"le ",a$ n"&+ r"%e0"le ,ro2lem. D-a'e&et o,t+en"4 %o0 %e +-"%e$

+ 2"%e(+/ ,re-"0e 'a 2" &e ne&metano nalo"lo *at-aran%e S+'a + +t-r)en"m ro$o-"ma.a&4"n(ton ,o'"e ton ,rot"- 5eo(ra'a $o%" $ona#no ,re'a%e ,etnae&ta$ 2%e(+naca$ra%em ::B. " ,o#et$om ::G. 5r+Qelle& &e 2r"ne *a Hr-at&$+/ $o%a + 'ecem2r+ ::G.,re'a%e Ant+ oto-"n+. Kara'"3/ Mla'"3/ Tol"m"r " %o0 tro%"ca &r,&$"4 o,t+en"$a %o0

BG



ne'o&ta%+. Unato# ot-oren+ o'2"%an%+ 5eo(ra'a 'a ,re'a *a'n%e o,t+en"$e + 2"%e(+/

-el"$e &"le ,o,+0ta%+ o' $ra%a ::;. " ,o&t+,no na&ta-l%a%+ ,roce& ,r"2l"a-an%a &aSr2"%om. Na$on +la&$a Sr2"%e + NATO>o-o Partner&t-o *a m"r/ E+ro,&$a +n"%a na%a-l%+%e&re'"nom ma%a ::. na&ta-a$ ,re(o-ora o $an'"'at+r" Sr2"%e. 5eo(ra' ,o*'ra-l%ao'+&ta%an%e E+ro,l%ana o' *a4t%e-a *a Mla'"3e-o +4"3en%e $ao +-%eta/ ,re'a%+3" "m'-o%"c+ o,t+en"$a + 2"%e(+= Z'ra-$a Tol"m"ra/ +4"3ena $ra%em ma%a/ ne$a'a0n%+Mla'"3e-a 'e&n+ r+$+ $o%" %e traen *2o( (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c" " $o%" %e (o'"nama "-"o +Sr2"%"/ a 'a n"$a'a n"%e 2"o +*nem"ra>-an. Kra%em %+na + 7rno% or" +4"3en %e Vla&t"m"rĐor)e-"3 +* ,omo3 ta%n"4 &l+2" Sr2"%e. 5"-0" 0e< M"lo0e-"3e-e ,ol"c"%e *a -r"%eme *lo#"nana Ko&o-+ ,et &e (o'"na &$r"-ao + R+&"%" ,r"%e ,o-rat$a + ,rol%e3e ::;. O,&$r2l%enlanom ,+to-n"com/ "*'anom + 5eo(ra'+ na "me No-"ca Kara'"3/ ota'a %e "-"o + 5+'-"/na crno(or&$o% o2al". Pre' V"%e3em &"(+rno&t"/ 1. %+na ::./ 7arla 'el Ponte #e&t"ta

Sr2"%" na na,or"ma. Par 'ana ,r"%e + 5eo(ra'+ &2"%an&$e -la&t" ,ono-o &+ %o% o2e3ale 'a3e "*r+#"t" Mla'"3a ,r"%e $ra%a (o'"ne. T+"tel%"ca &e 4-ata *a t+ na'+ 2o're3" "&to-remeno5r+Qelle& 'a ne ,ot,"&+%e +(o-or o &ta2"l"*ac"%" " ,r"'r+"-an%+ &a Sr2"%om 'o$ Mla'"3 ne2+'e ,re'an Ha(+. Al" n%e*"n" a,el" nema%+ o'%e$a. Kao +*-rat *a ,r"*na-an%e neo-"&no&t"Ko&o-+/ $o%o% &e 5eo(ra' " 'al%e ,rot"-" +* ,o'r0$+ Mo&$-e/ E+ro,a o2e3a-a Sr2"%" &tat+&$an'"'ata 'o $ra%a ::.

B;



Na traen%e (la-no( ta%n"$a U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a/ J+no$oreanca 5an K">m+na/ 7arla 'el

Ponte ,r"4-at"la %e na&ta-"t" &-o% man'at/ $o%" %e tre2ao *a-r0"t" 1B. &e,tem2ra/ 'o $ra%a::. Po&l%e'n%e m%e&ece na ,oloa%+ t+"tel%"ce I7T8>a ,o&-et"t 3e ,r"&"l%a-an%+ $a$o5eo(ra'a ta$o " 5r+Qelle&a 'a o're o2e3an%a. Ma $a$a- 2"o "&4o' to( o$r0a%a/ ,or+$a-el"$"4 &"la ne3e &e ,rom"%en"t"= S+' &e mora *at-or"t" + &$la'+ & ,re'-")en"m ro$o-"ma/&a "l" 2e* Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a. Na&l%e'n"$+ 7arle 'el Ponte + %an+ar+ ::/11G *a'ata$ 3e2"t" ,r"'on"%et" *at-aran%+ Tr"2+nala/ +* r"*"$ 'a o'2%e(l"m o,t+en"c"ma ,r+"ne$an%"-o&t/ a on"ma $o%" #e$a%+ ,roce&/ "*l"$+ *a "*la*. O2e3an%e 'a 3e &e $a'>ta' &+'"t"Kara'"3+ " Mla'"3+ ,re' I7T8>em/ $o%e &+ 'al" *a,a'n%ac" ::B./ -"0e ne -r"%e'". A 2a0n%"4o-o &+)en%e 2"lo %e + &re'"0t+ m"&"%e Tr"2+nala.

Da 2" &e ,o$+0alo na -r"%eme *a-r0"t" &+'&$e ,o&t+,$e/ S+' %e ,re+re'"o &+'n"ce. Sa'a

moe o$+,"t" 'o &e'am o,t+en"$a + "&tom ,o&t+,$+. A " &+c" &+ +2r*al" ,o&t+,a$. Al" ta+tr$a & -remenom "'e na 0tet+ ,ra-'e. U mart+ ::. o2rana " o,t+2a na &+)en%+4r-at&$"m -o)ama + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ $o%" &e terete *a *lo#"ne ,o#"n%ene + $ra%+ o$oMo&tara 1!./ +'r+"le &+ &e + ,ro&-%e'+ ,rot"- ne,ra-e'no&t" &+&ta-a $o%" %e ,o&taoro2 nametn+t"4 ro$o-a l%+'" + Ne? 8or$+. O2%e &trane ,re'2ac+%+ &+c"ma 'a "m -"0ene 'a%+ -remena n" *a "&,"t"-an%e &-%e'o$a. U o$-"r+ I7T8>e-e &trate("%e o$on#an%a/#lana$ !. Pra-"ln"$a o ,o&t+,$+/ $o%" %e ,re,ra-l%en ::;./ o-la03+%e &a'a &+ce 'a&$rate (la-no "&,"t"-an%e ne$"4 &-%e'o$a o,t+2e "l" o2rane. U 'r+("m ,re'met"ma #"n"&e 'a &+c" n"malo ne 're 'o &$oro( *at-aran%a Tr"2+nala. U tre3em ,roce&+ *aSre2ren"c+/ + ,re'met+ $o%" o$+,l%a &e'am o,t+en"4/ &+c" &+ *a4t"%e-al" 'a o,t+2a'o$ae ,o&to%an%e &r,&$o( *lo#"na#$o( ,ro%e$ta $o%em+ %e o' 1. 2"o c"l% etn"#$"m

#"03en%em +&,o&ta-"t" &r,&$+ 'ra-+ + 5o&n". A to &+ #"n%en"ce $o%e &+ tol"$o ,+ta+t-r)ene " o&+)ene ,re' Tr"2+nalom. Z2o( ta$-o( *a4t%e-a (+2" 'ra(oc%eno -r"%eme/$o%e 2" &e mo(lo 'r+$#"%e "&$or"&t"t". Proce& ,re'-")en na%,r"%e *a no-em2ar ::;. ,rot"-Vo%"&la-a e>0el%a/ +ltranac"onal"&ta #"%e &+ ,ara-o%ne %e'"n"ce &"%ale &mrt + 5o&n" "Hr-at&$o%/ o'(o)en %e &"ne '"e. O,t+en"$ *a4t"%e-a ,re-o)en%e na &r,&$" %e*"$ &-"4'o$+menata Tr"2+nala $o%" &,om"n%+ n%e(o-o "me " ,la3an%e ra#+na o' ; " ,ol m"l"ona'olara *a -e3 na,ra-l%ene tro0$o-e + o$-"r+ ,r",rema n%e(o-e o2rane. O'l+#an + nam%er"'a ,aral"*"ra I7T8 " 'a &e r+(a ,ra-"l"ma/ Vo%"&la- e0el% ,o2"%e'"o %e ,o&l"%e nate*an%a0tra%$om (la)+.

I7T8 ne3e 2"t" + &tan%+ &+'"t" 'o $ra%a 'ecem2ra ::. &-"m o,t+en"c"ma + ,r"t-or+. U"*-%e0ta%+ V"%e3+ &"(+rno&t" + %+n+ ::./ ,re'&%e'n"$ I7T8>a Fa+&to Pocar na%a-l%+%enam%er+ 'a ,ro'+" ,r-o&t+,an%&$a &+)en%a 'o ,olo-"ne ::./ *a$ora#+%+3" ta$o + <a*++ na#el+ nam"%en%en+ 'r+(o&t+,an%&$"m ,o&t+,c"ma. N%e(o- ,ro(ram/ na $o%em+ n"%e n"Kara'"3e-o n" Mla'"3e-o/ n"t" &+)en%e '-o%"ce 'r+("4 2%e(+naca/11; ",a$ &e #"n"nerealn"m. De-et ,roce&a ,rot"- o,t+en"$a $o%" &+ -e3 + ,r"t-or+ %o0 n"%e n" ,o#elo/ a

B



'-a &+ o'(o)ena. Vel"$e &"le morat 3e/ 'a$le/ 2"rat" "*me)+ 0to 2re( (a0en%a I7T8>a "l"

'a-an%a %o0 0e&t 'o '-anae&t m%e&ec" $a$o 2" &e ,o$+0al" &,a&"t" *a'n%" ,roce&" + t"%e$+.Al" mo(+3no&t" 2" mo(le 2"t" o(ran"#ene. Pol"t"#$" -o'e/ $o%"ma &e ::!. " ::B. ,re-"0e+r"lo o'+*et" t+"tel%+ mo3 $a*neno( ,ro(ona/ &am" &+ &e2" -e*al" r+$e. Re*ol+c"%om1G!B "* marta ::B. nametn+t %e a ,r"or" ne,rom%en%"- $alen'ar. Pro'+en%e ro$a ::.moralo 2" *a4t"%e-at" +&-a%an%e no-e re*ol+c"%e $o%+ 3e *a+&ta-"t" R+&"%a. Za ta$-o,ro'+en%e morao 2" &e ta$o)er "*(la&at" ,rora#+n *a ::.@::. + $o%em 2" 2"l",r"$a*an" 'o'atn" tro0$o-" $o%" ,ro"*la*e "* ,re$ora#en%a ro$a/ ,rora#+n $o%" 2" tre2alera*motr"t" 'ra-e #lan"ce UN>a 'o %e&en" ::. Vel"$e &"le 're " $e&+ " &+'2"n+ I7T8>a +&-o%"m r+$ama. Al"/ tr+'e3" &e o&la2"t" me)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+ 'o ,ot,+ne nemo3"/ o&la2"le&+ " -la&t"t+ mo3 '%elo-an%a $ao " -la&t"t+ &,o&o2no&t 'a &+'e. Ca$ $a' 2" to " 4t%ele/ne3e/ 2e*

11G D-a &+ $an'"'ata= Ser(e 5rammert* 2"o %e ,omo3n"$ t+"tel%a na &talnom Me)+naro'nom$a*nenom &+'+ 6I779 o' ::!. 'o ::. U %an+ar+ ::;. "meno-ao (a %e Ko Annan na #eloMe)+naro'ne "&trane $om"&"%e *a +2o%&t-o 2"-0e( l"2anon&$o( ,rem"%era Raa Har"r"%a. Ta% m+ %e,oloa% ,ro'+en 'o %an+ara ::./ a + I7T8 2" morao &t+,"t" ,o#et$om ::. Dr+(" %e $an'"'at&a'a0n%" ,omo3n"$ 7arle 'el Ponte/ Amer"$anac Da-"' Tol2ert. 11; Cet"r" o,t+en"$a I7T8>a $o%" &++ 2"%e(+/ o&"m Ra'o-ana Kara'"3a " Rat$a Mla'"3a 6(enoc"'9 %o0 &+ oran Ha'"3 " Sto%an+,l%an"n 6*lo#"n" ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t"9.

B



&+mn%e/ +&,%et" 'o2"t" n+n" $on&en*+& *a ,lan"ran%e ,otre2a *a '-o(o'"0n%e ra*'o2l%e

$o%e '"%el" $ra% ,r-o&t+,an%&$"4 ,o&t+,a$a 6::.9 o' $ona#no( *at-aran%a I7T8>a 6:1:.9.Za4t%e-" + ,r"lo( ,ro'+en%+ man'ata I7T8>a/ $o%e %e ,o&ta-"lo + ,rol%e3e ::. -"0ene-la'"n"4 or(an"*ac"%a/ me)+ $o%"ma " Amne&t% "nternat"onal/ #"n" &e 'a &+ o' ,o#et$ao&+)en" na ne+&,%e4. 5e* &nane mo2"l"*ac"%e me)+naro'no( %a-no( mn"%en%a/ -el"$e 3e&e &"le -%ero-atno o,re'"%el"t" *a ,rom%en+ $r"ter"%a *a ,re2ac"-an%e &+'&$"4 ,re'meta,re' nac"onalna ,ra-o&+)a/ $a$o 2" ,r"&"l"le Tr"2+nal 'a o'+&tane o' &+)en%a ,o&l%e'n%"m-"&o$"m '+no&n"c"ma $o%" o#e$+%+ &+)en%e. Sto &e t"#e 2%e(+naca/ on" 3e &e o$or"&t"t"ne$an%"-o03+ $o%a &e ne3e ta$o *-at".

Ne$ol"$o m%e&ec" ,r"%e $ra%a &-o%e( man'ata 7arla 'el Ponte ,o&tala %e om"l%ena metane$"4 2"-0"4 &+ra'n"$a. ra4am 5le?"tt/ eoYre N"ce " ne$" 2"-0" "&tra"tel%" ,o$+0a-a%+

%e ,re$o t"&$a + 2"-0o% J+(o&la-"%" o$r"-"t" *a &-a *la o' $o%"4 ,at" I7T8. T+"tel%"ca %e ,on%"ma 2"la o'(o-orna *a &la2l%en%e Tr"2+nala %er %e ,o,+0tala ,r"t"&c"ma/ ,r"4-at"la&trate("%+ o$on#an%a " o2+&ta-l%an%e ,ro(ona M"lo0e-"3e-"4 &++#e&n"$a/ 'a %e $r"-a *ane+&,%e4 Kara'"3e-a " Mla'"3e-a +4"3en%a " *a 0tetn+ ,ol"t"*ac"%+ Tr"2+nala $o%a &eo(le'a + n%e*"no% +&tra%no&t" 'a o,t+" M"lo0e-"3a *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c" ,rot"-+-%eren%a n%e*"n"4 *am%en"$a " +nato# ne'o&tat$+ 'o$a*a. T-r'e 'a &e/ 'a,a#e/,o(o'"la & 5eo(ra'om $a$o 2" +&$rat"la Me)+naro'nom &+'+ ,ra-'e 6I7J9 <amo*n" ar4"-Vr4o-no( &a-%eta o2rane 6VSO9 &r,&$o>crno(or&$e 'ra-e. Sre'"nom a,r"la ::.eoYre- N"ce %e + ,"&m+ $o%e &+ na n%e(o- *a4t%e- o2%a-"le 4r-at&$e 'ne-ne no-"ne

J+tarn%" l"&t "*n"o o,t+2+ $o%a %e +*'rmala c"%el+ re("%+. Hr-at&$" ,rem"%er *a,r"%et"o %e 'a3e &t-ar "*n"%et" ,re' V"%e3e &"(+rno&t" " tra"t" o' 7arle 'el Ponte 'a &e "*%a&n". U'r+(a

rta-a 'omo-"n&$o( rata tra"la %e $ra%em a,r"la o' ,re'&%e'n"$a V"%e3a &"(+rno&t" 'ao'ma4 o,o*o-e -"car$+. 5o&na %e $ona#no na0la ne$o(a $ome ,r","&at" &-e +*ro$ene&re3e. Kao ne$a'a/ $a' &+ &+ca Anton"a 7a&&e&ea o,t+"le $ole(e 'a %e 'o,+&t"oKara'"3+ 'a +ma$ne ,ra-'" t"me 0to n"%e ,r"4-at"o $om,rom"&/ "&t"n&$" $r"-c" ra'"%e &+*an"%em"l". Ona %e %e'"n" $r"-ac 0to %e me)+naro'na ,ra-'a ra*o#arala/ 0to %e "*'alao2e3an%e rt-ama 'a 3e "m -rat"t" 'o&to%an&t-o. Mora &e *(a*"t" 7arl+ 'el Ponte $ao&"m2ol"#n+ (+r+ 'a 2" &e la$0e +n"0t"o &an o +n"-er*alno% ,ra-'" $o%a 2" $ora$ ,o $ora$&+*2"la ne$an%"-o&t $a'a nac"onalno ,ra-o&+)e ne "&,+n" &-o%e o2a-e*e. Ka$o 2" &e2ol%e "*2r"&alo "* &%e3an%a "&$ora$e I7T8>a/ 'ana& &$romne/ al" $o%" 3e &e + ,o-"%e&no%,er&,e$t"-" ,o$a*at" ,re&+'n"ma.

D-a'e&et ,eto( a,r"la ::. 7arla 'el Ponte o'(o-ara &amo na %e'no ,"tan%e= +ta%+'o$a*a. Ta %e a<era o*2"l%no +*'rmala $re'"2"l"tet I7T8>a + o#"ma rta-a " me)+naro'no(

%a-no( mn"%en%a " ,r"%et" 'a 'en"t"-no o$al%a 2"lanc+ I7T8>a. 7arla 'el Ponte el" 'a Tr"2+nal ra*%a&n" t+ +a&n+ e,"*o'+ $o%a %e ola$0ala +&$ra3"-an%e ,ra-'e ,re'Me)+naro'n"m &+'om ,ra-'e 6I7J9. Ona/ 'a$le/ tra" 'a &+c" o2%a-e &-o%e o'l+$e $o%e &+

B



'o-ele 'o &$r"-an%a o' o#"%+ %a-no&t" '"%elo-a 'o$+menata VSO>a $o%" ot$r"-a%+ -e*e

"*me)+ Vo%&$e J+(o&la-"%e " -o%&$e 2o&an&$"4 Sr2a/ " $o%" 'o$a*+%+ "*ra-n+ o'(o-orno&t5eo(ra'a *a *lo#"ne $o%e %e ,o#"n"la &r,&$a &trana + 5o&n" " Herce(o-"n"/ me)+ $o%"ma " +Sre2ren"c". N%e*"n %e *a4t%e- ,o'ne&en Pr"*"-nom -"%e3+ " n%e(o-+ ,re'&%e'n"$+tal"%an&$om &+c+ Fa+&t+ Pocar+/ $o%" %e ;. a,r"la ::;./ ,o&l"%e M"lo0e-"3e-e &mrt"/ o'l+#"o" 'al%e 'rat" ar4"- VSO>a &amo *a +,otre2+ I7T8>a 'o$ &+ n%"4o-" $ole(e & Me)+naro'no(&+'a ,ra-'e 6I7J9/ '-a $"lometra 'al%e/ ,retre&al" t+2+ 5o&ne ,rot"- Sr2"%e. Kao " &-a$ao'l+$a ne$o( Pr"*"-no( -"%e3a/ ona $o%+ 2" 7arla 'el Ponte 4t%ela +#"n"t" 'o&t+,nom

%a-no&t"/ &a'r" ,re(le' &-"4 ,r"%a0n%"4 o'l+$a/ na2ra%a%+3" ar(+mente Sr2"%e/ mot"-e&+'aca +$l%+#en"4 + ta% ,roce& o'l+#"-an%a o' no-em2ra ::!. " $ona#no one $o%e %e +a,r"l+ ::;. "*n"%elo ,et &+'aca Pr"*"-no( -"%e3a $a$o 2" ,ro'+"lo -al%ano&t *a2rane'a-an%a 'o$+menata 'r+("ma. U o,3em "ntere&+ " -o'e3" 2r"(+ o tran&,arentno&t"

,ra-'e/ *ala(ala &e 7arla 'el Ponte/ %a-no&t mora 2"t" "n<orm"rana o o$olno&t"ma + $o%"ma %e ar4"- VSO>a 'o0ao ,o' "*n"mne *a0t"tne m%ere. Ka$o 2" o,ra-'ala &-o% *a4t%e-/ na-ela %e &tot"ne no-"n&$"4 #lana$a o2%a-l%en"4 &amo + a,r"l+ ::. + $o%"ma &e 0,e$+l"ra o tom,"tan%+ "l" &e trae o2%a0n%en%a. D-a'e&et &e'mo( a,r"la ,re'&%e'n"$ Pocar o're'"o %e ,et&+'aca $o%" 3e #"n"t" Pr"*"-no -"%e3e *a'+eno *a "&,"t"-an%e to( *a4t%e-a. Z2o( ,oloa%a,re'&%e'n"$a I7T8>a/ Pocar 3e 'a$le/ ,re'&%e'at"/ " Pr"*"-n"m -"%e3em/ o-la0ten"m 'ao'l+#" 4o3e l" ot$r"t" "l" *a'rat" ta%no&t o'l+$e $o%+ %e on &am 'on"o $ao ,o-%erl%"-+ ,r"%e(o'"n+ 'ana. I(ra/ 'a$le/ n"%e %o0 n" "*'ale$a 'o2"-ena.11

117 Po#et$om &e,tem2ra ::/ Pr"*"-no -"%e3e $ona#no %e o'2ac"lo ta% *a4te- T+"tel%&t-a.

G:



T"m -"0e 0to 2" ot$r"-an%e o'l+$a $o%"ma %e 2"o c"l% *a0t"t"t" na%mra#n"%e &tran"ce

M"lo0e-"3e-e Sr2"%e ,ot$r"%e,"lo no-e $ora$e 'a &e &$"n+ ,e#at" & ar4"-a VSO>a/ a t"*a4t%e-"/ $a' 2" "m &e +'o-ol%"lo/ ,r"&"l"l" 2" Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e 6I7J9 'a ,ono-o &+'"+ ,re'met+ 5o&ne ,rot"- Sr2"%e. A I7J 2a0 to el" "*2%e3". Do$a*ao %e to o'2"-0" tra"t" o'5eo(ra'a 'o$+mente $o%e m+ I7T8 n"%e mo(ao 'at" *na%+3" &a &"(+rno03+ 'a 2" (a tomo(lo 'o-e&t" + &"t+ac"%+ 'a o&+'" Sr2"%+ *a &+'"on"0t-o + (enoc"'+ "l" *a (enoc"'.Neo2%a0n%"- + o#"ma rta-a/ ta% ne,ra-e'n" &ta- &+'aca I7J>a ,o2+'"o %e &nane rea$c"%e&+tra'an na$on o'l+$e "* <e2r+ara ::. Al" e&to$" na,a'" eoYre-%a N"cea ,rot"- 7arle'el Ponte + ,rol%e3e +&,%el" &+ ,o&t"3" 'a &e *a2ora-" o'(o-orno&t &+'aca I7J>a " &,r"%e#",o&ta-l%an%e ,"tan%a o ,ol"t"#$"m ,r"t"&c"ma $o%"ma &+ ,o'le(l".

Prav%a (ao si4o&

Tr"2+nal 3e ,otra%at" ,etnae&ta$ (o'"na ,r"%e ne(o *at-or" -rata. U tr"nae&t (o'"na&+)eno %e "l" &e %o0 &+'" &to #etr'e&et 0e&toro o,t+en"4 ,re' I7T8>em/ o' $o%"4 %e ,eto&lo2o)eno o,t+2e. Cetrnae&t o,t+en"4 ,re'ano %e nac"onaln"m ,ra-o&+)"ma/ %o0

%e'anae&t +mrlo "4 %e ,r"%e "l" *a -r"%eme ,roce&a/ a *a '-a'e&et ,et o,t+en"4 o're)eno %e ,o-la#en%e ,ro(ona. O' ,e'e&eta$ o&+mn%"#en"4 *a $o%e %e T+"tel%&t-o &matralon+n"m 'a "m &e &+'" ,re' I7T8>em/ &amo %e '-a'e&eta$ $a*neno ,ro(on%eno. Je'anae&t"4 %o0 #e$a ,o&t+,a$/ a #et"r" o,t+ena %o0 &+ + 2"%e(+. U* +$+,no &to 0e*'e&et %e'n+o$r"-l%en+ o&o2+/ I7T8 %e ,re'&ta-l%ao ,ra-'+ $ao &"m2ol/ $ao &-e#an" *na$ o'2"%an%a 'a

*lo#"n" o&tan+ ne$an%en"/ a 'a n%"4o-" (la-n" $r"-c" " 'al%e normalno "-e. S+,rotno I7TR>+/11 na o,t+en"#$o% $l+," 2"lo %e l%+'" "* &-"4 *a%e'n"ca. I7T8 %e o,t+"o Sr2e/ Hr-ate/5o0n%a$e/ Al2ance/ Ma$e'once. Ta$o %e omo(+3"o 'a &e ,r"*na%+ *lo#"n" #"%e &+ rt-e 2"le&-e &$+,"ne. Ne$" o,t++%+ *2o( te 2r"(e *a ra-note+. Dr+(" ,o*'ra-l%a%+ t+ -ol%+ 'a &e,o'&%et" 'a le("t"mno&t 2or2e ne 0t"t" o' $a*nen"4 ,ro(ona. S+'&$a $-al"$ac"%a *lo#"na/,re,o*na-an%e ma&o-n"4 *lo#"na#$"4 ,ol"t"$a/ 2ro% o,t+en"4 na %e'no% "l" 'r+(o% &tran"",a$ "&t"#+ notorne ra*l"$e + o'(o-orno&t". Te n"%an&e/ $o%e ne$" &matra%+ ,re-"0e &"tn"ma/"*m"#+ 0"ro% %a-no&t" $o%a/ ne &4-a3a%+3" "4/ ne"*2%eno na("n%e *a$l%+#$+ o (ra)an&$omrat+ + $o%em+ &+ &e ra*l"#"te *a%e'n"ce me)+&o2no +2"%ale. Ta te*a/ ,o(re0na $ol"$o ",ro0"rena/ n"%e#e 'a %e ra*aran%e ,rot%er"-an%em "l" "&tre2l%en%em c"-"la or(an"*"ran,o&t+,a$/ $o%" ,o(a)a "&to'o2no o&o2e " 'o2ra/ 0to $ara$ter"*"ra *lo#"ne ,rot"-

#o-%e#no&t" "l" *lo#"n (enoc"'a. T" *lo#"n" n"&+ &$retan%a $o%a 'ono&" rat/ ne(o o2rn+to= rat %e &re'&t-o "*a2rano 'a &e +&,%e0no o&t-ar" ma&o-na *lo#"na#$a '"&$r"m"nac"%&$a ,ol"t"$a#"%" 2" ne'o,+0ten na#"n 2"o ,re-"0e o#"t + m"r+. Mno(" &e ta$o)er 2o%e 'a 2" $a*nen",ro(on -o%n"$a T+t&"%a ,re' I7TR>om ,ot4ran%"-ao ne(ac"on"&t"#$e te*e o '-o&tr+$om

G1



(enoc"'+/ $o%e &+ &e 2ran"le " + &amo% E+ro,". O'atle ,ote0$o3a *a me)+naro'no

,ra-o&+)e 'a o're'" &+-"&l+ $a*nen+ ,ol"t"$+ $o%a ne3e "*(le'at" ar2"trarna/ %er ne moe,r"m%en%"-at"/ &+,rotno +n+tarn%em ,ra-o&+)+ + o'no&+ na na%tee *lo#"ne +m"rno'o,&$om ,ra-+/ na#elo %e'na$o&t" ,re' $a*nen"m ,ro(onom. Ka$o na3" ne&"(+rn+(ran"c+ $o%a '"%el" one $o%" o'l+#+%+ o' "*-r0"tel%a/ $a$o ,re0+t%et" *lo#"ne %e'n"4 'a 2" &ela$0e &t"(mat"*"ralo -e3+ o'(o-orno&t 'r+("4/ $a$o +#"n"t" ,ro*"rn"%"ma $r"ter"%e "*2ora,ro(ona/ $a' ta% "*2or o-"&" o &l+#a%+/ $a$o *a'o-ol%"t" na%-e3" 2ro% rta-a $a' 3eme)+naro'na ,ra-'a +-"%e$ 2"t" &"m2ol"#na ,ra-'a

Na tra(+ I7T8>a *eml%e re("%e "*a2rale &+ ta$o)er '"%el"t" ,ra-'+ $o%a %e &"m2ol. Tr",ra-o&+)a *a'+ena *a ratne *lo#"ne/ + Sara%e-+/ Za(re2+ " 5eo(ra'+/ o2e3a-a%+ 'a 3e&+ra)"-at" " +#"n$o-"to na&ta-"t" me)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+. Al" $on&en*+&om o'(o-orn" na

na%-"0"m ,oloa%"ma ne3e morat" ,ola(at" ra#+ne. Ta$o &e &+'" "*-r0"tel%"ma " &re'n%o%ra*"n". Ta% %e na,or 2la(ot-oran/ al" no&" o,a&no&t 'a $an%a-a 2ro%no&t &+'%elo-an%a/ a ne'a &t"(mat"*"ra " o'-rat" o' &-a$e ma&o-ne *lo#"na#$e '"&$r"m"nac"%&$e ,ol"t"$e/ &+'e3"

11 I7TR %e o,t+"o 'e-e'e&et o&o2a + -e*" & (enoc"'om T+t&"%a " +m%eren"4 H+t+a $o%" &e 'o(o'"oo' a,r"la 'o %+la 1B + R+an'". O&amnae&t o,t+en"4 %o0 %e + 2"%e(+. O' tr"'e&et tro%e -e3&+)en"4 ,et %e o&lo2o)eno $r"-n%e. I*me)+ 1. " ::. R+an'a %e &+'"la ,re' &-o%"m &+'o-"ma'e-et 4"l%a'a o&o2a *a (enoc"'/ o' $o%"4 %e :[ o&lo2o)eno. Da 2" &e r"%e0"lo ,"tan%e o$o &to4"l%a'a o,t+en"$a ta'a + *at-or"ma R+an'e/ K"(al" &e o'l+#"o *a naro'ne &+'o-e/ na*-ane&+'o-"ma(acaca/ $o%" &+ ,o#el" '%elo-at" + ,rol%e3e ::G. U$+,no &e'am&to ,e'e&et 4"l%a'a o&o2ao,t+en"4 'a &+ &+'%elo-ale + (enoc"'+/ "l" &-a$" 'e&et" R+an)an"n/ mora 2"t" &+)en ,re' t"mtra'"c"onaln"m ,ra-o&+)em.

G



on"ma $o%" &+ %e &m"&l"l" >+,ra-o one $o%" &+ '%elo-al" + "me nac"onaln"4 ,ro%e$ata/ $o%" &e

%o0 +-"%e$ &la-e/ "a$o %e 'o n%"4o-a o&t-aren%a ne"*2%eno moralo 'o3" *lo#"nom. Ta$a-"*2or moe/ me)+t"m/ &,r"%e#"t" "&t"n&$o ,om"ren%e. Dr+0t-a +n"0tena ma&o-n"m *lo#"n"mane mo(+ &e ,ono-o "*(ra'"t" na la"/ "&$r"-l%a-an%+ ,o-"%e&t"/ na *a2ora-+ " ne$an%eno&t".Da 2" &e na'o$na'"l" ,ro,+&t" ,ra-'e $ao &"m2ola/ ona 3e &e morat" ,otr+'"t" o&na"t",r"*na-an%e *lo#"na 'a 2" &e &t-or"lo *a%e'n"#$o ,am3en%e o$o $o%e(a 3e &e mo3" ,ono-o"*(ra'"t" " +#"n$o-"to &e 2or"t" ,rot"- ,or"can%a/ ,rot"- ,or"can%a #"n%en"ca/ al" " ,or"ca>n%a,oloa%a 'e4+man"*"ran"4 rta-a $o%e o&%e3a%+ ,otre2+ 'a &e -rate + #o-%e#an&t-o ",rona)+ m%e&to ,+no,ra-n"4 (ra)ana + 'r+0t-+. S+,rotno I7TR>+/ I7T8 n"%e 2"o #"n,o$a%an%a/ n" $a' &e &t-arao n" $a' %e 'o0ao m"r. Za,a'ne &"le $o%e &+ 2"le ,r"&+tne ne,o'+*e-0" n"0ta ,r" ,o$ol%+ + Sre2ren"c"/ $o%" &+ '-"%e &+'&$e "n&tance ,ro(la&"le(enoc"'om/ 'a 2" *at"m + Daton+ ,o$lon"le $r-n"c"ma *eml%+ ,re$r"-en+ ma&o-n"m

(ro2n"cama/ "male &+ mno(o ,r"l"$a ,o$a*at" &-o%e al%en%e ne &amo r"%e#"ma. A to &+o'2"le +nato# -el"#"n" &-o%e(a (r"%e4a. N%"4o-o ,o&l%e'n%e o'2"%an%e 'a &+'e Ka>ra'"3+ "Mla'"3+ ,re' I7T8>em #"n" &e 'a 3e 'en"t"-no *a,e#at"t" n%"4o- (n+&n" "*2or.

5o&an&$" M+&l"man"/ -el"$" (+2"tn"c" o-o( rata + $o%em &+ ,lat"l" na%te" 'ana$/ *a ra*l"$+o' Ka(amea/ n"&+ "&$or"&t"l" c"%en+ &-o%e $r-" *a ,o&t"*an%e &-o%"4 "ntere&a name)+naro'no% &cen". Za ra*l"$+ o' Ka(amea/ n"&+ "mal" or+%e $a$o 2" *a+&ta-"l" ra*-o%'o(a)a%a $o%" &+ -e3 o' ,o#et$a "mal" (enoc"'ne nam%ere/ n"&+ "mal" ,o2%e'e $o%"ma 2"nametn+l" +-%ete 'e%ton&$o( m"ra/ n" mo3n"4 &a-e*n"$a $o%" 2" &,r"%e#"l" 'a &e +&re'E+ro,e/ $o%a %e +,o*nala 4olo$a+&t/ ,ot-r'e re*+ltat" (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c".11 Kao 0to n",o&l"%e rata ne ,o$+0a-a%+ o'-rat"t" -el"$e &"le o' to(a 'a "m *am%era%+ *a n%"4o-a na&"l%a/

n"t" "4 nat%erat" 'a +4"te Kara'"3a " Mla'"3a ,o'&%e3a%+3" "4 na n%"4o- "&to#n" (r"%e4 0to &+na,+&t"l" naro' 2o&an&$"4 M+&l"mana $ao 0to &+ ,ret4o'no na,+&t"l" T+t&"%e. 5e* &+mn%e*ato 0to &+ "*(+2"l" rat/ al" " m"r.

N"&+ na,rot"- "*(+2"l" na'+ 'a 3e 'o2"t" *a'o-ol%0t"n+ *a &-o%e ,atn%e/ na'+ 'a 3e 2"t"re4a2"l"t"rano n%"4o-o ,ra-o 'a "ma%+ ,ra-a. O-a ,otra"-an%a ne ,o&ta-l%a%+ &e n",ol"t"#$"m *a4t%e-"ma/ n" +c%enom -el"$"4 &"la/ ne(o + *a4t%e-+ *a ,ra-'om.Na%,ra-e'n"%"m " na%m"rot-orn"%"m na#"nom/ #"%" %e o&no-n" &m"&ao +,ra-o *a+&ta-"t"lo("$+ o&-ete. I7T8 %e ::1. (o'"ne ,r"'on"o ,r"*nan%+ *lo#"na + Sre2ren"c" "men+%+3" (a(enoc"'om 6&l+#a% Ra'"&la- Kr&t"39/ a ta %e o'l+$a ,ot-r)ena " + 'r+(o&t+,an%&$om,o&t+,$+ + a,r"l+ ::B. O,t+"o %e '-a'e&eta$ o&o2a + -e*" & na%-e3"m ,o$ol%em nae+ro,&$om tl+ o' 1BG. Na%-"0" '+no&n"c" ",a$ n"&+ o&+)en"= Kara'"3 " Mla'"3 %o0 &+ na&lo2o'"/ M"lo0e-"3 %e +mro + *at-or+ ne 'o#e$a-0" ,re&+'+. O'l+$om o' ;. <e2r+ara::./ na$on al2e 5o&ne " Herce(o-"ne/ Me)+naro'n" &+' ,ra-'e 6I7J9 o&lo2o'"o %eme)+t"m M"lo0e-"3e-+ Sr2"%+ o' o'(o-orno&t" " &+'"on"0t-a + (enoc"'+ + Sre2ren"c".S$"'a%+3" ta$o $r"-n%+ & M"lo0e-"3a/ n%e(o-e *lo#"na#$e ,ol"t"$e " n%e(o-a re"ma/ ta% %e

G!



S+' *a+*eo m%e&to I7T8>a. T"me 0to %e o&lo2o'"o $r"-n%e M"lo0e-"3e-o o$r+en%e +

&r,&$om r+$o-o'&t-+ *a (enoc"' + Sre2ren"c" 6Per"0"3/ Stan"0"3/ "mato-"39/ I7T8 %e &amo'+&tao o' traen%a "&t"ne. A ta 'r+(a "&t"na/ -e3 o' ,o#et$a o$rn%ena " ,o to% lo("c"$r"-ot-orena + *a-r0n"c"/ $o%+ %e <orm+l"rao I7J o na%&mrtono&n"%em re"m+ $o%" %e E+ro,a+,o*nala o' ,onora 4olo$a+&ta/ ,rela*" ,otom&t-+/ +* o,a&no&t 'a +&,+t ,omete'o$+ment"rane " ne,orec"-e #"n%en"ce na$+,l%ene &a #"*ama ,r-o( me)+naro'no(,roce&a ,rot"- %e'no( 0e<a 'ra-e.

A$o %e ,ra-'a &$+,a/ $ol"$o 3e te$ &ta%at" ta o'2"%an%a 'a &e *a+&ta-" ne$an%"-o&t(enoc"'n"4 (o&,o'ara " 'a &e +2"%e $l"ca 2+'+3"4 na&"l%a Me)+naro'no $a*neno,ra-o&+)e n"%e &-o%om %e'"nom mo3"/ a to %e 'a $a*n"/ 'o$a*alo &-o%+ <+n$c"%+o'-ra3an%a/ o2+*'a-a%+3" &+&ta-na na&"l%a ,rot"- c"-"lno( &tano-n"0t-a &-+('%e ,o

&-"%et+. S-e 'o$ 'ra-e me'+ &-o%e ,r"or"tete ne +,"0+ *latn"m &lo-"ma 2or2+ ,rot"-ne$an%"-o&t"/ ,otenc"%al o'-ra3an%a me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a 2"t 3e -rlo o(ran"#en. Ume)+-remen+/ mo'a %e n%e*"n+ &,o&o2no&t o'-ra3an%a o' -ol%e *a o&-etom tre2alo'+(oro#no m%er"t" + o(ran"#en"%em ,ro&tor+/ tamo ('%e %e

11 Teor"%&$"/ ,re"-%el" "* (enoc"'a + Sre2ren"c"/ $ao " &-e ra&el%ene o&o2e/ mo(+ &e -rat"t" $+3" +&$la'+ & De%ton&$"m &,ora*+mom. U ,ra$&"/ &-a$" ma&o-n" ,o-rata$ o'-ra3a &e -e3 '-anae&t(o'"na m%erama o'ma*'e " ,r"&+tno03+ na l"c+ m%e&ta &+'"on"$a *lo#"na. Man%e o' 4"l%a'+,re"-%el"4 -rat"lo &e "-%et" + Sre2ren"c". O&aml%en"/ ,ro(an%an" o' o&talo( &tano-n"0t-a/ trae,o&e2ne m%ere 'a 2" mo(l" ra*-"t" (o&,o'ar&$o '%elo-an%e " ,o$+0at" o&tat" t+. Al" $a$o &e n%"4o-"-a,a%" n"&+ #+l"/ &a'a ra*m"0l%a%+ o *a%e'n"#$om o'la&$+.

GB



me)+naro'na ,ra-'a mo(la '%elo-at" " ,r"&"l%a-at" na ,r"*na-an%e *lo#"na " o'(o-orno&t".

Al" Kara'"3e-a " Mla'"3e-a 4",ote$a o*2"l%no o,tere3+%e o-o +la(an%e + 2+'+3no&t5al$ana. U* o,a&no&t 'a +'-o&tr+#" ,o'ne&eno na&"l%e &-e 'o$ rt-e o&tan+ *at-orene +,ro0lo&t &-o%e *a%e'n"ce/ $o%+ ,ra-o&+)e %o0 n"%e o#"&t"lo o' ne,ra-'". U to% &e &"t+ac"%"te0$o moe na'at" ,om"ren%+. Te0$o %e *am"&l"t" 'a 3e rt-e (enoc"'a "l" n%"4o-" ,otomc"&matrat" 'a &+ 'o2"l" *a'o-ol%0t"n+ &am"m ,r"*nan%em to(a #"na " $an%a-an%em ne$"4"*-r0"tel%a/ 'o$ on" $o%" &+ +o2l"#"l" t+ nam%er+ 2+'+ o&ta-l%en" na &lo2o'"/ 'o$ %e ono(a/$o%" %e '"%el"o t+ nam%er+ " o' n%e na,ra-"o ,ol"t"$+/ $r"-n%e o&lo2o'"o I7J/ " 'o$ n%"4o-o,ra-o 'a "ma%+ &-o%a ,ra-a/ me'+ $o%"ma " ,ra-o 'a &e -rate $+3"/ %o0 +-"%e$ o-"&" o -ol%"n%"4o-"4 $r-n"$a +* ,r"&tana$ -el"$"4 &"la.

I7T8 n"%e ,roma0"o &-o%+ m"&"%+/ 2"o %e ,r"&"l%en ,ol"t"#$om -ol%om mo3n"4 'a %e ne "&,+n"

na%2ol%e " 'o $ra%a= o0tro m+ +&$rat"-0" &re'&t-a/ l"0"-0" (a ,r"&t+,a 'o$a*"ma "2%e(+nc"ma $o%e &am n"%e mo(ao +4"t"t"/ 'o,+&t"-0" n%e(o-o *at-aran%e/ a 'a Kara'"3+ "Mla'"3+ n"%e &+)eno. I7T8 n"%e 2"o ne,o(re0"-/ 'ale$o o' to(a. Za,a'ne &"le ",a$ &no&e(la-n+ o'(o-orno&t *a na%a-l%en" ne+&,%e4 ,r-o( me)+naro'no( $a*neno( ,ra-o&+)ao' S+'o-a + Nrn2er(+ " To$"%+. Al" "&t"na %e 'a one n"&+ ra&,oloene 'a %e ,re+*m+ " 'a3e ,r-" $o%" 3e ,lat"t" c"%en+ 2"t" rt-e " me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e + $o%e one ,ola+,o&l%e'n%e na'e. 5e* ,ol"c"%e " 2e* "*-r0ne -la&t"/ %o0 o-"&n"%" o 'o2ro% -ol%" 'ra-a "o(ran"#e>n"%" n%"4o-om ,ol"t"#$om -ol%om ne(o '-a Me)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a 6I7T9/&taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779 %e&t " %o0 3e '+(o o&tat" &+o#en & "&t"m o,a&no&t"ma" & "&t"m ot,or"ma.

EPILOG

Nesi*urna 4u%u#nost

N"t$o ne &+mn%a 'a %e 'ana& tee 2"t" '"$tator + m"ro-"n" ne(o ,r"%e 'e&et (o'"na/ 'a %etee *a'rat" -la&t na$on 0to &e ,o#"n"lo *lo#"ne "l" *a-r0"t" ne$" rat amne&t"%om. Al" -ol%a'a &e ,ot-r'" ,ra-o " $a*n" *lo#"nce/ $o%a &e "*raa-a -e3 %e'no 'e&etl%e3e &-e -e3"m2ro%em &+'&$"4 t"%ela ",a$ n"%e +&,%ela "&$or"%en"t" &tare na-"$e. Je'no&ta-no/ 2or2a ,rot"-ne$an%"-o&t"/ a ,o(oto-o mo3n"$a/ 'ale$o %e o' to(a 'a %e ,o2"%e'"la/ +nato# ,o-"%e&nom*ao$ret+ $o%" %e "*-eo I7T8 o,t+"-an%em " +4"3en%em Slo2o'ana M"lo0e-"3a. Star" &+ re>

\e$&" o'ol%el" ra)an%+ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a/ re\e$&" $o%e '"$t"ra%+ -"0" "ntere&"*2o( $o%"4 3e 'ra-e/ a$o *atre2a/ o&,ora-at" -al%ano&t ,ra-ne 2a0t"ne #o-%e#an&t-a/ "l"2arem *a2ora-l%at" ,r"&"le $o%e ona name3e. Stol%e3e $o%e %e +,ra-o *a,o#elo *anemar+%ele$c"%e ne'a-ne ,ro0lo&t"/ o2"l%eene na%#+'o>-"0n"%"m o2l"c"ma 2ar2ar&t-a $o%e %e ,o-"%e&t

GG



+,o*nala/ $ao " neo&%etl%"-o03+ na me)+naro'no na&"l%e " ra*orn+ mo3 a+tor"tarn"4

re"ma. Ono o$"-a &amo &e2e + -la&t"ta ,rot+&lo-l%a= ,ro,o-"%e'a &e *a0t"ta +(roeno(&tano-n"0t-a/ a ne el" &e '%elo-at" tamo ('%e tre2a &,a0a-at" (ol" l%+'&$" "-ot/ "l" &e 4o3e'%elo-at"/ al" ne " 0t"t"t" l%+'&$a ,ra-a/ 'a%e &e ,re'no&t ,re"-l%a-an%+ 'ra-a ,re',re"-l%a-an%em naro'a/ ,re'no&t re'+ ,o' c"%en+ ne,ra-'e ,re' ,ra-'om ,o' c"%en+,rom%ene -la&t".

C"n"lo &e 'a %e I7T8 $ona#no nametn+o "'e%+ 'a n"%e mo(+3e n"$a$-o nac"onalno,om"ren%e/ a 'a rt-ama ne 2+'e "&,ra-l%ena ne,ra-'a. To %e morao %am#"t" &taln"Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779. Amne&t"%a &"(+rno n"%e -"0e $l%+#na r"%e# '",lomac"%e/ al"ona o&ta%e %e'no o' or+%a + n%e*"n+ ar&enal+. o'"na ::. "*nena'a na& %e ,o'&%et"lana &t-arno&t o-o(a &-"%eta $o%" %e + ,re-"ran%+/ al" &e ne m"%en%a. Po#et$om marta ::.

a<(an"&tan&$" ,re'&%e'n"$ Ham"' Kar*a" o'o2r"o %e nacrt *a$ona $o%" %e "*ra'"o ,arlament+ $o%em ,re-la'a-a%+ 2"-0" ratn" -o'e " $o%" %e &$ro%en ,o m%er" ta$o 'a na%o'(o-orn"%e *a*-%er&t-a "*+*me o' ,ra-'e. Samoamne&t"%a/ "*(la&ana + "me ,om"ren%a " &ta2"lno&t"/,rot"- -ol%e (oleme -e3"ne &tano-n"0t-a $o%e tra" ,ra-'+ + *eml%" + $o%o% %e o' 1.,o("n+lo -"0e o' m"l"on " ,ol l%+'". U O2al" 5%elo$o&t" amne&t"%+ $o%+ %e 1. a,r"la ::.,ot,"&ao 0e< 'ra-e La+rent 2a(2o &,ora*+mno & 'o%+#era0n%"m ,rot"-n"$om+"lla+meom Soroom/ ot-ara ,+t ,ot,+no% ne$an%"-o&t" ,o#"n"tel%a *lo#"na ,rot"-#o-%e#no&t" " ratn"4 *lo#"na/ ,o#"n%en"4 + &+$o2+ $o%" %e ,otre&ao *eml%+ o' :::. (o'"ne.O' ::;. +(an'&$" ,o2+n%en"c" o'2"%a%+ ,ot,"&at" m"r &-e 'o$ &e ne ,re$"n+ $a*nen",ro(on" $o%e %e *a,o#eo I77 ,rot"- n%"4o-a -o)e Jo&e,4a Kon%a " #et-or"ce -o)a ,o$retaLRA. O-" a,el" "*a*"-a%+ *2+n%eno&t/ al" o&ta%+ %e'na o' mo(+3no&t" *a *a,a'n+

'",lomac"%+ $o%a el" +#-r&t"t" ,r"m"r%e " *a+&ta-"t" '-a'e&eto(o'"0n%" rat + U(an'".

G;



U&,ore'no & t"m/ "'e%a o o'(o-orno&t" *a *a0t"t+ +(roen"4 ,o,+lac"%a na,re'+%e "

o-%erena %e &-e#an"m te$&tom S$+,0t"ne U%e'"n%en"4 naro'a. U <e2r+ar+ ::.0e*'e&eta$ *emal%a ,ot,"&alo %e no-+ me)+naro'n+ $on-enc"%+ $o%o% %e c"l% &,r"%e#"t"na&"lne ne&tan$e #"%e &+ rt-e 'e&ec" 4"l%a'a l%+'" + &-"%et+. Ona o*na#a-a +&,%e4'-a'e&et,eto(o'"0n%e 2or2e " &t+,"t 3e na &na(+ $ao o2a-e*+%+3a $a' %e rat"c"ra'-a'e&et *emal%a. e*'e&eta$ *emal%a o2a-e>*alo &e +* to 2or"t" ,rot"- -o%a#en%a '%ece "n%"4o-a "&$or"0ta-an%a + or+an"m &+$o2"ma. Ta &-e#ano ,re+*eta o2a-e*a *a&a'a neman"$a$-e ,ra-ne -al%ano&t" *a me)+naro'no ,ra-o/ al" %e " ona ",a$ $ora$ na,r"%e'.Ra*'o2l%e ,o&l"%e 11. &e,tem2ra ::1. n"%e o'-rat"lo o' el%e 'a &e ,ro0"r" ,ra-nare(+lac"%a. Para'o$&alno/ ,o$a*ala &e -"0e ne(o "$a'a n%e*"na n+no&t. Al" 'ra-e " 'al%enera'o +&$la)+%+ &-o%e r"%e#" " '%ela.

S-" me)+naro'n" +(o-or" " $on-enc"%e $o%" 2" moral" nametn+t" ,ra-"la 4+mano&t" + rat+/$a$o 2" &e &man%"le ,atn%e $o%e on 'ono&"/ a na $o%"ma &e *a&n"-a me)+naro'no4+man"tarno ,ra-o/ &a'a "ma%+ &+'&$a t"%ela $o%a &+ ne'o&ta%ala 'o o&n+t$aMe)+naro'no( $a*neno( &+'a *a 2"-0+ J+(o&la-"%+ 6I7T89 1!. (o'"ne. Ota'ame)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'o-" " 'r+(a ,ra-o&+'na t"%ela/ me)+naro'na "l" m%e0o-"ta/ $o%a&+ na&tala + ,o&l%e'n%em 'e&etl%e3+/ +na,r"%e'"la &+ ,ra-n+ ,ra$&+ na ,o'r+#%+me)+naro'no( 4+man"tarno( ,ra-a. Pr-" ,+t &+)eno %e *a '%ela (enoc"'a. Sa'a %e "&"lo-an%e $ao &re'&t-o rata &a&ta-n" '"o *lo#"na ,rot"- #o-%e#no&t"/ "&to $ao +2o%&t-a/,r"&"ln" "*(on/ tort+ra/ ,r"&-a%an%e "l" +n"0ta-an%e 'o2ara. S-e -"0e *emal%a +$l%+#+%eme)+naro'no 4+man"tarno ,ra-o + &-o%e $a*neno *a$ono'a-&t-o *a$ono'a-&t-o $a$o 2"mo(le " &ame &an$c"on"rat" $r0en%e t"4 ,ra-a $a$o to o' 1B. ,re,or+#+%+ ene-&$e

$on-enc"%e. Ta &-%et&$a ,ra-na 2a0t"na &a'a "ma &taln+ me)+naro'n+ "n&tanc++n"-er*alne nam%ene/ &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+' 6I779.

Na&tana$ me)+naro'no( ,ra-o&+)a " &-%et&$a ra&,ra-a $o%+ %e "*a*-alo &t-aran%e I77>a,r"'on"%el" &+ +,o*na-an%+ norm" to(a ,ra-a/ 'ota'a *ato#eno( na ,a,"r+ $ao l"%e,er"%e#"/ $ao &-e#ana o2e3an%a/ a ne $ao o2a-e*e $o%e 'ra-e mora%+ "&,+n"t".Me)+naro'no 4+man"tarno ,ra-o &te$lo %e ta$o $ro* (o'"ne neo&,orn+ le("t"mno&t +

%a-n"m mn"%en%"ma *emal%a. Po&talo %e &tan'ar' " me)+naro'no mn"%en%e t+ma#" &+$o2e ",ro&+)+%e ,ona0an%e 'ra-a "l" ratn"4 -o)a ,o m%er"l+ n%e(o-"4 norm". 5+&4o-aa'm"n"&trac"%a to %e ,lat"la $a' %e + "me -"0e n+'e 2or2e ,rot"- teror"*ma ,ro(la&"la to,ra-o *a&tar%el"m " o,o*-ala n%e(o-+ -al%ano&t. Ne o'+&ta%+3" t"me o' "*-anre'n"4m%era 2or2e/ ,r"t-ora/ "&,"t"-an%a/ +$l%+#+%+3" " +* tort+r+/ ,r"&"l%ena %e ,r"*nat" le("t"mno&t,ra-a #"%e &+ S%e'"n%ene Amer"#$e Dra-e ne$a'a 2"le (orl%"-" ,o$reta#"/ " 4"n"t" 'a,o0t+%e n%e(o-a ,ra-"la ,o$re3+3" ,ro(one ,re' -la&t"t"m &+'o-"ma. Ot-oreno o'2"%at" to,ra-o 'ana& &e #"n" nemo(+3"m/ *a4-al%+%+3" 2+'no&t" ne-la'"n"4 or(an"*ac"%a " %a-no(mn"%en%a/ #a$ " a$o &e " 'al%e $r0" "&to ta$o #e&to $ao ne$a'a. Ca$ " a$o on" $o%" (a $r0e

G



n"&+ +-"%e$ *a+&ta-l%en" + &-o%em ,ot4-at+ " n"&+ +-"%e$ ,r"&"l%en" o'(o-arat" *a &-o%e

#"ne.Me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e n"%e %o0 +&,%elo +-%er"t" %a-no mn"%en%e. Unato# &t-arn"m+&,%e&"ma " o&t-aren%"ma *natno( '"%ela &-o%e m"&"%e/ Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'o-" 6I7T9o&ta-l%a%+ +t"&a$ ne'o-r0ene m"&"%e. Mno(" &+ + na,a&t" 'a *a$l%+#e $a$o &+ 'o"-%el"ne+&,%e4 ,o' "*l"$om 'a &+ '+(o tra%al" a malo ,o&t"(l". O' n%"4 &e o#e$"-alo n"0taman%e ne(o 'a +$lone ne$an%"-o&t " t"me &,r"%e#e ,ona-l%an%e ma&o-n"4 *lo#"na/ 'ara&-"%etle ,o-"%e&t " ta$o 'o,r"ne&+ ,om"ren%+. N"&+ mo(l" &am" "&,+n"t" ta$-+ *a'a3+/ #"%"

%e -el"$" '"o &t-ar ,ol"t"#$a '%elo-an%a/ a ne ,ra-'e. Staln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen" &+'6I779/ o*2"l%no &,+tan #"n%en"com 'a (a ne ,r"*na%e -e3"na *emal%a/ me'+ $o%"ma ne$ena%mo3n"%e na na0o% ,lanet"/ 'ana& "*a*"-a onol"$o ra*o#aran%a " &+mn%" $ol"$o %e ne$a'a

2+'"o na'an%a.N"malo "*nena)+%+3e. Me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e 'ana& %e na ,re&+'no% ,re$retn"c" &-o%e$rat$e ,o-"%e&t". I*me)+ ,ro0lo&t" " 2+'+3no&t". I*me)+ re-ol+c"%e " e-ol+c"%e/ re$l" 2"ne$" ,ra-n"c" + Ha(+. I*me)+ ,oleta " o,a'an%a ,re'-")a%+ na%-e3" ,e&"m"&t". N%e(o-ona&t+,an%e &"(+rno ,re'&ta-l%a re-ol+c"%+ $o%a %e o2or"la mno(e ta2+e/ &t-or"la no-eo2a-e*e 'ra-ama/ o"-%ela ,ra-o $o%e %e '+(o 2"lo mrt-o &lo-o na ,a,"r+ " 2e* &+&ta-a&an$c"on"ran%a/ 'on"%ela no-o( &+'"on"$a + me)+naro'n+ &<er+. Al" ,o&l"%e e+<or"%e to(ra*'o2l%a *a $o%e &e &matralo 'a na%a-l%+%e &$ora0n%" $ra% ne$an%"-o&t" " -e3+ *a0t"t++(roen"4 ,o,+lac"%a/ me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e mora &e &a' o2or+at" &tr,l%en%em 'a 2""*'ralo '+( ,+t ,re$o ,+&t"n%e $o%" %e &a' #e$a. Demont"ran%e '-a Me)+naro'na$a*nena &+'a "*a*-at 3e 2e* "$a$-e &+mn%e '+2o$+ $r"*+ ,o-%eren%a. Prot"-n"c" 3e &e

,o+r"t" ,o$o,at" me)+naro'n+ ,ra-'+ "l"/ 0to 'o)e na "&to/ o&ta-"t %e + $olote#"n" + $o%+&+ %e &am" 'o-el". N%e*"n"m 2ran"tel%"ma 2"t 3e te0$o o'2"%at" n%"4o-e na,a'e %er 3e/+nato# ne,orec"-"m "&$orac"ma/ '-a Me)+naro'na $a*nena &+'a 6I7T9 o&ta-"t" *a &o2om-"0e o' '-a'e&eta$ 2%e(+naca traen"4 *2o( (enoc"'a/1: a &taln" Me)+naro'n" $a*nen"&+' 6I779/ $o%" &re'"nom ::. "ma &amo o&am o,t+en"$a o' $o%"4 m+ %e te$ %e'an"*r+#en/ ne3e &e mo3" 'o $ra%a o-o( 'e&etl%e3a ,o4-al"t" ne$"m -e3"m re*+ltatom.

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Da ,o&t"(n+3a n%"4o-"4 ,ret4o'n"$a ne 2" 2"la $rat$o( 'a4a/ 'a 2" &e ,ono-no ,ot-r)ena

le("t"mno&t &-%et&$e ,ra-ne 2a0t"ne ,reto#"la + $on$retne +#"n$e/ IP7 mora 'o$a*at"&-o%+ +#"n$o-"to&t " &t-or"t" $re'"2"l"tet a t"me " le("t"m"tet $o%" & m+$om &t%e#e. Mora &e(+rat" " nametn+t" &e na me)+naro'no% &cen" 'o$ ne ,o&tane n%e*"n ,r"*nat" &+'"on"$$o%e(a &e &l+0a. I77 ne &m"%e ,o&tat" &amo $omora *a re("&trac"%+ ,ro(ona $o%e 3e 'ra-e*a,o#"n%at" 2e* &t-arne &,o&o2no&t" " -ol%e 'a &+'e/ ne &amo ratn"m -o)ama ne(o "on"ma $o%" &+ "4 + t"m 'ra-ama e-ent+alno ,o'ra-al". Pomo3na na'leno&t + o'no&+na +n+tarn%e ,ra-o&+)e/ $a$-a %e 'o'"%el%ena I77>+/ ,re,+&t"la %e (la-n+ +lo(+'ra-ama. Ta na'leno&t "4 moe ,o*"-at" na o2a-e*+ 'a &+'e/ ,r"$l%+#"t" "4 &+)en%+ne$"ma o'(o-orn"ma *a *-%er&t-a. Al" moe " ola$0at" ,o&t"*an%e $om,rom"&a + "me,ol"t"#$e ra-notee/ o(ran"#"t" traen%e "&t"ne " o'(o-orno&t". No I77 ne3e +-"%e$ 2"t" $a'arot$r"t" ,ro,+&te +n+tarn%"4 ,ra-o&+)a " -r0"t" ,r"t"&a$ 'a &e on" "&,ra-e/ %er nema o-la&t"

*a "&tra(e na teren+ a$o (a 'ra-a n"%e ,o*-ala "l" (a n"%e o-la&t"lo V"%e3e &"(+rno&t".N%e(o-a mo3 'a na'*"re %e&+ l" 'ra-e + &tan%+ &ame &+'"t" mo(la 2" 'a$le o-"&"t" o&l+#a%+/ naro#"to a$o t"m 'ra-ama ,r+e ,o'r0$+ e-ent+aln" mo3n" &a-e*n"c"/ o'l+#n" 'a,o' 2"lo $o%+ c"%en+ 'a%+ ,re'no&t +n+tarn%em ,ra-o&+)+. Ra-notea "*me)+ ,ol"t"#$o(real"*ma " "'eala ,ra-'e te0$o 3e mo3" na3" &+' + $o%em 'ra-e " 'al%e "ma%+ (la-n++lo(+ " #"%a %e mo3 ,r"&"le *natno &la2"%a o' one $o%+ &+ "mal" %e'an " 'r+(" I7T.

Za &a'a me)+naro'no ,ra-o&+)e ne +&,"%e-a nametn+t" &-o%e "m,erat"-e " o&lo2o'"t" &e,ol"t"#$"4 lo("$a. el%a 'a $om,rom"t"ra%+ ,ra-'+/ &ta-l%a%+3" %e + &l+2+ ,ol"t"#$"4,roce&a/ 'a %e o'(+rn+ + 'r+(" ,lan +m%e&to 'a %e +#"ne ,artnerom/ 'a t-r'e $a$o mora,r"te3" //+ ,ra-" #a& 'a 2" o&ta-"la m%e&ta *a $om,rom"&/ n"%e n"malo ,o,+&t"la me)+

-el"$"m &"lama. Kao o'l+#+%+3" #"m2en"c" na me)+naro'no% &cen"/ -el"$e &"le " 'al%e ele,ra-'+ *a ono(a $o(a 4o3e " $a' one 4o3e. 5"t 3e te0$o +-e&t" neo-"&no&t ,ra-o&+)a.N%e*"n" -atren" ,o2orn"c" na,om"n%+ 'a &+ " +n+tarn%"m ,ra-o&+)"ma tre2ala &tol%e3a 'a'o n%e 'o)+. O'no& "*me)+ ,ra-'e " ,ol"t"$e +-"%e$ %e 2"o $on\"$tan/ al" %e ,ro&tor &+$o2a*natno &man%en + 'emo$rac"%ama. Na me)+naro'nom teren+/ na,rot"-/ (ran"ce $o%ename3e ,ra-na 'ra-a na(lo &e 2r"0+. U,ra-o na ta% "*a*o- morat 3e o'(o-or"t" I77. Al" +tome moe +&,%et" &amo a$o ,r"'r+" -el"$e &"le ,r"'ono&e3" ra*-o%+ &amo( &m"&lareal,ol"t"$e ta$o 'a ta r"%e# -"0e ne *na#"/ $a$o %e to #e&to &l+#a%/ $+$a-"#l+$ " "*'a%ao&no-n"4 -r"%e'no&t". I77 %e -e3 ,o2"%e'"o + ,r-o% 2"tc" " to ne na%man%o%= ,rot"- na%-e3e&"le na &-"%et+ #"%" &+ -o)e 2"l" +-%eren" 'a ne3e mo3" <+n$c"on"rat" 2e* n%"4o-e ,o'r0$e.I,a$/ o'&+tno&t S%e'"n%en"4 Amer"#$"4 Dra-a "* I77>a nara-no 'a ,o'r"-a n%e*"n 'omet "

$re'"2"l"tet. Te0$o 3e *a-la'at" me)+naro'no ,ra-o a$o SAD o&,ora-a &talnomMe)+naro'nom $a*nenom &+'+ 6I779 ,ra-o 'a 2+'+ '"%elom me)+naro'n"4 ,ra-"la "(re/,ra-"la $o%a na%#e03e o're)+%+ one.

Krat$oro#no/ 2+'+3no&t I77>a #"n" &e o*2"l%no +(roenom. Al" me)+naro'no $a*neno

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,ra-o ",a$ o&ta%e %e*"$ $o%" %e *a%e'n"#$" &-"m l%+'&$"m 2"3"ma/ %e*"$ $o%" + to "me

*a&l++%e 'a &e *a&t+,a &talnom ,ol"t"#$om 2or2om. A$o &e moemo " -e&el"t" "*'"*an%+,ra-a "*na' *lo#"na/ ne,o-%eren%e 'ra-a ,rema ,r"&"lama me)+naro'no( ,ra-a*a,e#at"lo 2" 2+'+3no&t ,ra-'e. O-e ,r"&"le nema%+/ me)+t"m/ c"l% o(ran"#"t" mo3 'ra-a/one ,o&to%e *ato 'a ,o&ta-e (ran"ce mo3" +,ra-l%a#a $o%" ne 2" ,o0to-al" me)+naro'na,ra-"la " 'a ta$o 0t"te #o-%e#an&t-o. Pr"&tal"ce ra-notee &"la " -o%ne &"le/ 'a 2" o&"(+ralet+ ra-note+/ " 'al%e 3e &la2o ,o0to-at" me)+naro'no ,ra-o. Inter-enc"on"&t" 2"l"

1: Samo I7TR 2ro%" o&amnae&t 2%e(+naca.

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on" amer"#$" "l" ne/ +-"%e$ 3e -"'%et" + me)+naro'nom ,ra-o&+)+ *a,re$+ *a a$c"%+.

Pr"&tal"ce #e$an%a/ 2"l" on" e+ro,&$" "l" ne/ -"'%et 3e + me)+naro'nom ,ra-o&+)+ &re'&t-oo,ra-'an%a *a &-o%e ne'%elo-an%e. Da 2" &e "*a0lo "* te &l"%e,e +l"ce/ ,ol"t"#ar" 3e morat"na3" &,o&o2no&t 'a +&m%ere + "&tom ,ra-c+ "ntere&e 'ra-a " o&no-ne -r"%e'no&t"/ a ne'a "4 &+,rot&ta-l%a%+ "l" ,o&t+,a%+ $ao 'a on" "&$l%+#+%+ %e'n" 'r+(e.

M"&ao 'a tre2a *a0t"t"t" #o-%e$a o' n%e(o-"4 na%&+ro-"%"4 ten%" ,ot%e#e "* VIII. &tol%e3a.. &tol%e3e ",a$ %e o2"l%eeno 'e4+man"*ac"%om/ nem%erl%"-om ra-no'+0no03+ ,remal%+'&$"m 2"3"ma. Kr-aren%e + Pr-om &-%et&$om rat+/ 4olo$a+&t/ ,+&to0en%e total"tar"*ma +Stal%"no-+ SSSR>+/ $"ne&$a " &%e>-erno$ore%&$a $+lt+rna re-ol+c"%a me)+ na%&nan"%"m &+,r"m%er"ma ono(a 0to %e T4ere&e Del,ec4 ta$o ta#no na*-ala ,o'"-l%an%em. 11 I.&tol%e3e *a,o#elo %e " (romo(la&n"m "*ra*om ne(ac"%e -r"%e'no&t" "-ota 11. &e,tem2ra::1. Jer %e ,ro0lo &tol%e3e ot"0lo ,re'ale$o + l%+'&$o% ,atn%" " ra*aran%+ #o-%e#no&t"/me)+naro'ne $on-enc"%e ,o$a*ale &+ &e neo,4o'n"ma 'a &e ot$lon" ne-%ero-atnare(re&"%a &+-remeno( &-"%eta. S-"%et &e 'ana& ne &m"%e o're3" o're'a2a $o%e %e 'on"o +,olet+ m+'ro&t" "*a*-anom na%mra#n"%"m &tran"cama na0e ,o-"%e&t" " ,re*ret" &re'&t-a$o%"ma &e $ona#no o,&$r2"o 'a 2" ,ot"&n+o 2ar2ar&t-o. Zato %e ,otre2no +rno ,o&ta-"t",re"-l%a-an%e naro'a *a na#elo me)+naro'n"4 o'no&a/ $a$o to *a,o-"%e'a Po-el%aU%e'"n%en"4 naro'a. Potre2no %e -rat"t" l%+'&$o 2"3e " n%e(o-o ,re"-l%a-an%e + &re'"0te*ao$+,l%eno&t" " &4-at"t" *a0t"t+ 'ra-a ,ona%,r"%e $ao *a0t"t+ naro'a/ a re' " &"(+rno&t&-"%eta $ao neo'-o%"-e o' ,ra-'e " ,o0to-an%a ,ra-"la %er &e ,re"-l%a-an%e 'ra-a ne&m"%e 'o(a)at" ,o' c"%en+ +(roa-an%a c"%el"4 ,o,+lac"%a. Mora &e &tat" na &tran+ naro'a+m%e&to 'a &e ,ro'+a-a n%"4o-a a(on"%a 'a 2" &e/ + "me ra-notee " o'no&a &na(a/&,a0a-ale 'ra-e $o%e (a*e +n"-er*alne -r"%e'no&t" $o%e 2" &-a$a o' n%"4 morala 2ran"t".

Do$ (o' -r"%e'no&t"/ $o%e &+ $ata$l"*me . &tol%e3a nametn+le $ao n+no&t/ 2+'+o&la2l%ene ne'o&tat$om ,o'r0$e 'ra-a/ &-"%et 3e " 'al%e &t-arat" ,atn%e. A$o *a0t"tal%+'&$o( "-ota " #o-%e$o-e l%+'&$o&t" +&,"%e ,o&tat" &re'"0n%om ,reo$+,ac"%om 'ra-a +me)+naro'n"m o'no&"ma/ ta'a 3e " me)+naro'na ,ra-'a na3" m%e&to $o%e %o% %enam"%en%eno.

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