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July 7, 2014 | Hans Ströher (Forschungszentrum Jülich)
10 Years of Georgian-German Science Bridge
Examples from the“Precision Frontier”
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 2
New
ResearchNew
Research
Science – The Endless Frontier
OURKNOWLEDGE
PrecisionPrecision
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 3
An „Experiment“
Characterization of the different outcomes
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 4
Measurements – General
Characterization of the results of measurements
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 5
Measurements – General
Accuracy and Precision
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 6
Measurements – General
Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit
Degree of uncertainty: measurement errors
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 7
Measurements – General
Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit
International System of Units (SI): „metric system“
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 8
Measurements – Length
Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit
Unit of Length: „Meter“ (m)
urmeter
Unit of Length: „Meter“ (m); Tools: scales
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 9
Measurements – Time
Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit
Unit of Time: „Second“ (s); Tools: clocks
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 10
Measurements – Time
Physical Quantity = Numerical Value x Unit
Unit of Time: „Second“ (s); Tools: clocks
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 11
Measurements – Speed
Measurements of speed; control of speed limits
Speed (m/s) = Distance (m) / Time (s)
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 12
1
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 13
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
c is a constant of Nature: only fixed expt´ly !
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 14
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
(1) Galileo Galilei (1638): c > 10 vsound
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 15
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
(2) Ole Rømer (1677): c ~ 213 000 km/s
Moon Io (1,769 days)
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 16
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
(3) Middle 19th century: c = (298 000 +- 500) km/s
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 17
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
(4) Modern (1970´s): c = (299 792 457.4 +- 1.0) m/s
year of measurement
c (k
m/s
)
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 18
Measurements – Speed-of-light (c)
year of measurement
c (k
m/s
)
1983: fix c =: 299 792 458 m/s defines length unit
!
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 19
2
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 20
Measurements – Neutron Lifetime
Free neutron is an „unstable“ particle
e
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 21
Measurements – Neutron Lifetime
n: very important for light element (H, He) production
How many of the neutrons decay per time intervall? „lifetime“
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 22
Measurements – Neutron Lifetime
Reference value has changed over the years!
~ 2 min
PDG entry
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 23
3
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 24
Increased precison led to a new theory: QED
Measurements – H-Atom „Lamb-Shift“
En
erg
y
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 25
Measurements – µ Magnetic Moment
Discrepancy (~3) between experiment and theory!?
Theoreticalpredictions(„StandardModel of
EPP“)
Most preciseexpt´l data
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 26
4
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 27
Measurements – EDM
Particle „Electric Dipole Moments“ (EDM)
+-
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 28
Measurements – EDM
EDM´s must exist – but they are very small!
Size of the nucleon:
D =10-15 mEDM: 10-15 e m
Nature violates symmetries: expectation:
EDM < 10-25 e m
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 29
< 10-3 m
Measurements – EDM
Measurements up to now: „upper limits“ (zero)
1
Nucleon
1022
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 30
Measurements – EDM
EDMs & matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe
Physics: the puzzle of our existence!
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 31
Measurements – EDM
EDMs & matter-antimatter asymmetry of our Universe
JEDIJülich Electric Dipole Moment Investigations
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 32
Accuracy, Precision, Error and Uncertainty
Measurements – Summary
21. April 2023 Institut für Kernphysik (IKP) Folie 33
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