mKJ f mKJ · 10/08/2017 · 10 mwptpay; xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; ntw;wpf;F top [email protected] - 4 -

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muRj;Nju;Tf;fhd rpwg;Gf; ifNaL

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muRj;Nju;T tpdhj;jhs; tbtikg;G

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xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs;: muRj;Nju;tpy; ve;nje;j ghlq;fspy; xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wdNth me;je;j ghlq;fspy; cs;s xU kjpg;ngz; Gj;jf tpdh tpilfis njhFj;J toq;fpAs;Nshk;. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s midj;ijAk; gbj;Jf; nfhz;lhy; 12 Kjy; 15 kjpg;ngz;fs; tiu epr;rakhf ngwyhk;. jpwd; ngw;w khztu;fs; ,j;Jld; Gj;jfj;jpd; ghlg;nghUisAk; Nru;j;J ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. nky;y fw;Fk; khztu;fs; ,q;F nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sij kl;Lk; gbAq;fs;.

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midtUk; ed;F gbj;J muRj;Nju;tpy; kpfr;rpwe;j kjpg;ngz;fs; ngw tho;j;JfpNwhk;. -- Mrpupau; FO

Fwpg;G: ,e;j Gj;jfk; jukhf tu Ntz;Lk; vd;w Nehf;fpy; ,ad;wtiu jtWfspd;wp njhFj;J toq;fpAs;Nshk;. mtw;iwAk; kPwp rpy jtWfs; cq;fSf;Fj; njd;glyhk;. mt;thW VNjDk; jtWfs; ,Ue;jhy; vq;fsJ kpd;dQ;ry; Kftupf;F ([email protected]) clNd njuptpf;fTk;. Gj;jfj;jpy; cs;s jtWfSf;fhd jpUj;jq;fs; mt;tg;NghJ vq;fsJ www.waytosuccess.org tiyjsj;jpy; ntspaplg;gl;L mit mt;tg;NghJ update nra;ag;gLk; vd;gijAk;> mLj;jLj;j gjpg;Gfspy; mit rup nra;ag;gl;L tpLk; vd;gijAk; njuptpj;Jf;nfhs;fpNwhk;.

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10 mwptpay; xU kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; ntw;wpf;F top

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capupay;

1. kuGk; gupzhkKk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1) 1. nkz;ly; Njhl;lg; gl;lhzp (igrk; irl;ltk;) nrbapy; 7 tifahd khw;W cUt NtWghLfis

fz;lwpe;jhh;. fPOs;stw;wpy; xU tif NtWghL khwpAs;sJ…… ([_d;-2014>15) m) nel;il kw;Wk; Fl;il M) tpijapd; epwk;- kQ;rs; kw;Wk; gr;ir ,) Edp kyh; kw;Wk; Nfhz kyh; <) nkd;ikahd jz;L kw;Wk; fbdkhd jz;L

2. Mjp kdpjd; Njhd;wpaJ ……… (khu;r;-2013>15> [d-;2013) m) Mg;gphpf;fh M) mnkhpf;fh ,) M];jpNuypah <) ,e;jpah

3. fPOs;stw;Ws; ghuk;ghpaj; jd;ikf;nfhz;lJ …………… (khh;r;-2016> [d;-2013) m) kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l tpe;jZ

M) fy;yPuypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l [Pd;fs; ,) Njhy; nry;ypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit <) ghy;kbr; nry;ypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit

4. ,aw;ifj; Njh;Tf; Nfhl;ghl;il ntspapl;ltu;……… (khu;r;-2012>14> [_d;-2016> nrg;-2013>14>15>16) m) rhHy]; lhHtpd; M) `pA+Nfh-B-tphp;];

,) fphpfh; N[hfd; nkz;ly; <) [Pd; ghg;il]; yhkhh;f;

5. clw;nry; [Pd; rpfpr;ir Kiw vd;gJ ………. m) tpe;Jr; nry;ypy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ M) jiyKiwapy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ ,) clw;nry;ypy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ <) mz;lr; nry;ypy; khw;wj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ

6. gl;lhzpr; nrbapd; kQ;rs; tpijapd; gz;ghdJ> gr;ir epw tpijapd; Nky; Xq;Fjd;ik nfhz;lJ. fPOs;stw;Ws; gr;ir epw tpijf;fhd [Pdhf;fk; ……….

m) GG M) Gg ,)Yy <) yy

7. rpy kdpjh;fspy; ehtpid cUsr;nra;Ak; Xq;Fgz;ghdJ cly FNuhNkhNrhk;fshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg; gLfpwJ. (ehtpid cUsr; nra;gth; = RR/Rr kw;Wk; ehtpid cUsr; nra;a ,ayhjth; = rr) ehtpid cUsr; nra;Ak; Foe;ijf;F> ehtpid cUsr;nra;ahj xU rNfhjuDk;> ehtpid cUsr; nra;Ak; ,U rNfhjupfSk; cs;sdh;. ,tu;fspd; ngw;Nwhh;fs; ,UtUNk ehtpid cUsr; nra;gth;fs; vdpy;> fPo;fz;ltw;wpy; ngw;Nwhh;fspd; kugZthf;fk; ……

m) RR x RR M) Rr x Rr ,) RR x rr <) rr x rr 8. njhFjp epNlhpahitr; Nrh;e;j gynry; caphpahd i`l;uhtpy; gytifahd ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs;

cs;sJ. fPOs;stw;wpy; Gjpa re;jjp Fwpg;gpLk; gbahd NtWghLfSld; cUthf;fg;gLk; Kiw… m) nkhl;L tpLjy; M) ,og;G kPl;ly; ,) ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; <) ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk;

9. Kjy; FNshdpq; tpyq;fhd nrk;kwp ML lhyp cUthf;fj;jpd; epfo;Tfs; m) mz;l nry;ypypUe;J xw;iw ka cl;fU ePf;fk;. M) ,ul;il ka cl;fU nfhz;l mz;l nry;iy tsh;g;Gj; jhapd; fUg;igapy; gjpj;jy;. ,) nrk;kwp Ml;bd; ghy;kb nry;fisr; Nrfhpj;jy;. <) cl;fU ePf;fg;gl;l mz;l nry;ypDs; ghy;kb nry;ypd; ,ul;il ka cl;fUit nrYj;Jjy;. c) ,sk; FNshd; cUthjy;. Nkw;fz;l epfo;Tfspd; rhpahd thpir mikg;G ……….

i) m M , < c ii) , m M c < iii) , m < M c iv) c < , M m

10. fPo;f;fhz;git ];nlk;;nry;fs; (%yr;nry;fs;) gw;wpa $w;Wfs; m) ,itfs; rpwg;gilahj/khWghlilahj nry;fs;. M) ,itfs; clypd; ve;jtifahd nry;fshfTk; khWk; jpwd; nfhz;lit. ,) ,it Ntfkhfg; ngUf;fkile;J xNu khjphpahd mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; nry;fis

cUthf;Ffpd;wd. <) ,itfs; ,ja nry;fshfNth my;yJ euk;G nry;fshfNth khw;wkilahJ. c) ,itfs; ,dg;ngUf;fj;jpd; thapyhfj; Njhd;Wk; jiyKiwfspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ. rhpahd $w;W …… m) m M , M) , < c ,) m , c <) M , <

11. ,d;Rypd; rhh;e;j ePupopT Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpjdpd; fizaj;jpy; …… nry;fs; rpijtile;jpUf;Fk;. (khh;r;-2017) m) My;gh M) gPl;lh ,) fhkh <) nly;lh





12. xNu khjphpahd ,ul;ilah;fs; gpwg;gjw;F fhuzkhd fUTWjy; ………. ,ilNa eilngWfpwJ. m) ,uz;L mz;l nry;fs; kw;Wk; ,uz;L tpe;J nry;fs; M) ,uz;L mz;l nry;fs; kw;Wk; xU tpe;J nry; ,) xU mz;l nry; kw;Wk; xU tpe;J nry; <) xU mz;l nry; kw;Wk; ,uz;L tpe;J nry;fs;

13. xNu khjphpahd ,ul;ilah;fs; gw;wpa jtwhd $w;W…… m) xU fU Kl;ilapypUe;J cUthf;fk; M) xNu ghypdkhf ,Uj;jy; ,) ngUk;ghyhd gz;Gfspy; xj;jpUj;jy; <) ,uj;jtif NtWgLjy;

14. epahz;lh;jy; kdpjd; gw;wpa rhpahd $w;W …… m) kdpjid xj;j Kjy; N`hkpdpl;Lfs; M) Ntshz;ik njhlf;fk; ,) ,iwr;rpfis cz;ZjYk;> epkph;e;j eilAk; <) ,we;jth;fisg; Gijj;jy;

15. jiyKiw> jiyKiwahfg; gz;Gfs; flj;Jjiy ghuk;ghpak; vd;fpNwhk;. nkz;ly; jd; Ma;tpw;Fg; gad;gLj;jpa gl;lhzpr; nrbapy; kuGg;gz;gpw;fhd fhuzpfs; ……….…y; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

m) b.vd;.V M) Mh;.vd;.V ,) Gujk; <) irl;Nlhgpshrk;

2. Neha;j;jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; tpUk;gj;jf;f cly; eyf;$W…… (khjpup 2012) m) jpU X njhw;W NehapypUe;J Fzkilfpwhh;. M) jpU Y ehs;NjhWk;; ,d;Rypd; Crpg;Nghl;Lf;nfhs;fpwhh;. ,) jpU Z kpfTk; kd mOj;jj;jpy; cs;shh;. <) jpU K ehs;NjhWk;; jd;; flikapidr; nra;fpwhh;. kfpo;r;rpahf cs;shh;.

2. r%fj;jpy; R%fkw;w nray;…… m) xUth;> gpwe;j ehs; tpohtpy; kfpo;r;rpAld; gq;Nfw;fpwhh;. M) vspa nray;fspYk; fLikahf ele;J nfhs;fpwhH. ,) R+o;epiyfSf;F xg;gr; nray;gLfpwhh; <) jd; cly;eykw;w jhia kUj;Jtkidapy; nrd;W ftdpj;J nfhs;fpwhh;.

3. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ghf;Bhpahthy; cz;lhFk; Neha;…… (khu;r;-2013>16) m) %isf;fha;r;ry; M) ntwpeha;f;fb ,) ,uz[d;dp <) nghpak;ik

4. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; fhw;wpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;…… (khh;r;-2014) m) fhrNeha; M) %isf;fha;r;ry; ,) ilgha;L <) fhyuh

5. kpff; fLikahd kNyhpahf; fha;r;riy cUthf;;Fk; gpsh];Nkhbak; fpUkp…… (khu;r; 2012> [_d;-2016> nrg;-2013>15>) m) XNtNy M) kNyhpNa ,) ghy;rpghuk; <) itthf;];

6. ekJ czTf;Fly; gFjpapy; Neha; cz;lhf;Fk; GNuhl;NlhNrhth Ez;Zaphp …… ([d; 2012>13) m) gpsh];Nkhbak; itthf;]; M) vz;lkpgh `p];liyl;bfh

,) bhpg;NghNdhNrhkh Nfk;gpNad;rp <) Bdpah Nrhypak;.

7. kiwKfkhf Neha;guTk; Kiw …… (khh;r;-15) m) rsp rpe;Jjy; M) tha;topahfj; njhpj;jy;

,) jha; Nra; ,izg;Gj;jpR <) Nehahsp gad;gLj;Jk; cilikfs;

8. gpw caphpfsplkpUe;J gphpj;njLf;fg;gl;l vjph;g;nghUs;fs;, kdpjUf;F Neha;j; jLg;G+rpahfg; Nghlg;gLfpd;wd. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; …… vt;tifj; jLg;G+rpKiw?

m) nraw;ifahd nray;kpF Neha;j;;jLg;G Kiw. M) nraw;ifahd ke;jkhd Neha;j; jLg;G Kiw. ,) ,aw;ifahd nray; kpF Neha;j; jLg;G Kiw <) ,aw;ifahd ke;jkhd Neha;j; jLg;GKiw

9. gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F Kjd; Kjypy; nfhLf;fg;gLk; Neha;j; jLg;G+rp……… (khh;r;-17>[d;-15>nrg;-14>16>) m) tha;top NghypNah M) DPT ,) DPT kw;Wk; NghypNah <) BCG

10. xU rpwe;j ey tho;f;ifia tho> xt;nthU kdpjDk; ey;y cly;> kdk;> r%f eyj;Jld; ,Uj;jy; Ntz;Lk;. ,jpy; VNjDk; xd;W FiwTgl;lhYk; mth; ………. vdg;gLthh;.

MNuhf;fpakw;wtu; (NehAw;wth;)

11. xU khztp Guj czitj; jtph;j;J mjpfg;gbahd fhh;Nghi`l;Nul; czit cz;fpwhs; vdpy; vr;rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L Neha; mtSf;F Vw;gLk;?

m) Fth\pNahh;fh; M) khiyf;fz; ,) lahgl;b]; <) lTd; FiwghL





12. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; (A): lahgl;b]; nkypl]; Nehahspfspd; ,uj;jj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; $Ljy; rh;f;fiu gad;gLj;jg;glhky; rpWePh; topahf ntspNaw;wg;gLk;.

fhuzk; (R): fizak; NghJkhd ,d;Rypidr; Rug;gjpy;;iy. m) A kw;Wk; R rhpahdJ. R, A Tf;fhd rhpahd tpsf;fk;. M) A kw;Wk; R rhpahdJ. R, A Tf;fhd rhpahd tpsf;fk; my;y. ,) A rhp Mdhy; R jtW. <) A jtW Mdhy; R rhp

3. kdpj cly; cWg;G kz;lyq;fspd; mikg;Gk; nray;ghLfSk;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. xw;iwKid epA+uhd;fs; fhzg;gLk; ,lk; ……… m) %is M) jz;Ltlk; ,) tsh;fU euk;G jpR <) Kjph;e;j euk;G jpR

2. czh; cWg;Gfspy; mlq;fpAs;sit ……… m) xw;iwKid epA+uhd;fs; M) ,UKid epA+uhd;fs;

,) gyKid epA+uhd;fs; <) nkLy;Nyl;ll; epA+uhd;fs; (kaypDiw epA+uhd;fs;) 3. ekJ clypd; kdntOr;rp ntspg;ghl;ilf; fl;LgLj;Jk; %isapd; gFjp ………… (khh;r;-2016) m) rpW%is M) ngU%is ,) jyhk]; <) i`Nghjyhk];

4. %isj; jz;bd; xU gFjpahf mike;Js;sJ ……… m) Kd; %is kw;Wk; eL%is M) eL kw;Wk; gpd; %is

,) Kd; kw;Wk; gpd; %is <) Kd; %is kw;Wk; jz;Ltlk;

5. jz;Ltl euk;Gfs; vd;git………… m) czh;r;rp euk;Gfs; M) ,af;F euk;Gfs;

,) fyg;G euk;Gfs; <) %isNahL gpd;dpg; gpize;Js;sit 6. fOj;Jg; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; xU ehskpy;yh Rug;gp …………. ([_d;-2016) m) ml;hPdy; Rug;gp M) gpl;A+l;lhp Rug;gp ,) ijuha;L Rug;gp <) fizak; 7. vf;Nrhfpiud;> vz;Nlhfpiudhf nrayhw;Wk; ehskpy;yh Rug;gp ……….. m) fizak; M) gpl;A+l;lhp ,) ijuha;L <) ml;hPdy; 8. xU nlrp.yp.,uj;jj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; ,ay;ghd ,uj;j rh;f;fiuapd; msT…… (nrg;-2016) m) 80-100 kp.fp/nlrp.yp M) 80-120 kp.fp/nlrp.yp

,) 80-150 kp.fp/nlrp.yp <) 70-120 kp.fp/nlrp.yp 9. Neha;j; njhw;iw vjph;f;Fk; T ypk;Nghirl;fs; ……… cWg;gpy; khWghL milfpd;wd. m) ghuhijuha;L Rug;gp M) epzePh;r; Rug;gp ,) ijk]; Rug;gp <) ml;hPdy; Rug;gp 10. kpah]p];-I y; xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; N[hbAWjy; epiy… m) nyg;NlhBd; M) irNfhBd; ,) ghf;fpBd; <) bg;NshBd; 11. ekJ cly; cWg;Gfspd; midj;J nray;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizf;Fk;

gzpapidr; nra;Ak; ,U kz;lyq;fs;…… m) nrhpkhd kw;Wk; ,uj;j Row;rp kz;lyk; M) Rthrk; kw;Wk; ,uj;j Row;rp kz;lyk; ,) fopTePf;fk; kw;Wk; vYk;G kz;lyk; <) euk;G kz;lyk; kw;Wk; ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk;

12. euk;G nry; ,izg;G gFjpapy; euk;G flj;Jg;nghUis ntspapLtJ…… m) nlz;biul;Lfspd; Kidfs; M) ,izg;G Fkpo;fs; ,) nry; cly Ez; cWg;Gfs; <) Mf;rhdpd; ikaypd; ciw 13. Neha;jilf; fhg;G kz;lyj;Jld; njhlh;Gila ehskpy;yh Rug;gp…… (khh;r;-2017) m) ijuha;L M) ijk]; ,) ml;hpdy; <) gPdpay; 14. ,aw;if kfg;NgWf;fhf fh;g;gpzp ngz;zpd; Foe;ij gpwg;gpw;fhf kUj;Jth; gad;gLj;Jk; `hh;Nkhd;.. m) <];l;Nuhn[d; M) GNuhn[];l;uhd; ,) ,d;Rypd; <) hpyhf;]pd;

15. kpah]p]; nry;gphpjypd; Kf;fpa epfo;thd FWf;Nf fyj;jy;> …… epiyapy; eilngWk;. m) nyg;NlhBd; M) ghf;fpBd; ,) bg;Nshl;Bd; <) irNfhl;bd; 16. Fd;wy; gFg;G vd;gJ ,dr;nry;fis cUthf;Fk; xU epfo;T. Fd;wy; gFg;G eilngWk;

nry;fs;…… m) ,dg;ngUf;f vgpjPypay; nry;fs; M) njhL czh;T vgpjPypay; nry;fs; ,) f;a+gha;ly; vgpjPypay; nry;fs; <) Jz; vgpjPypay; nry;fs;





17. mkPghtpy; eilngWk; nry;gFg;GKiw…… m) FNuhNkl;bd; tiyg;gpd;dypy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. M) FNuhNkl;bd; tiyg;gpd;dypy; khw;wq;fis Vw;gLj;JtJ ,y;;iy. ,) FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwfpwJ. <) cl;fUtpy; gpsit Vw;gLj;Jtjpy;iy. 18. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; chpa xOq;F mikTKiw…… (khh;r; -2016 - 2 kjpg;ngz; tpdh) m) irNfhl;bd; nyg;NlhBd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; laifndrp]; M) laifndrp]; irNfhl;bd; nyg;NlhBd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; ,) nyg;NlhBd; irNfhl;bd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; ilahifndrp]; 19. NghypNah xU itu]; Neha;. ,jdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijf;F if> fhy; nraypoe;J tpLfpwJ.

Foe;ijapd;…… cWg;G kz;lyk; mjpfkhf ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. m) euk;G kz;lyk; M) nrhpkhd kz;lyk; ,) Rthr kz;lyk; <) fopTePf;f kz;lyk; 20. mjpf xsp gLk;NghJ fz;fis tpiuthf %bf; nfhs;tJk;> ntg;gk; gl;lTld; ifia clNd

,Oj;Jf; nfhs;tJk; mdpr;ir nraYf;F rpy vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; MFk;. ,r;nraYf;F ika euk;G kz;lyj;jpd; ……fhuzkhfpwJ.

m) Kd; %is M) jz;Ltlk; ,) gpd; %is <) euk;G ,izg;Gg; gFjp 21. gpd;tUtd epa+uhdpd; ghfq;fs;…… m) Mf;rhd; M) fpisj;j KbTg; gFjp ,) nry;

clyk; <) nlz;biul;Lfs; vdpy;> euk;Gj; Jz;lypd; rhpahd ghij…… m) M m , < M) < , m M ,) M < m , <) m < M ,

22. vspa mWit rpfpr;irapd; NghJ kUj;Jth; Fwpg;gpl;l gFjpapy; czh;tW nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;jp Nehahspfspd; typia czu ,ayhky; nra;thh;. ,jdhy; euk;G nry;ypd; …… apy; euk;G Jz;ly; epWj;jp itf;fg;gLfpwJ.

m) nry; clyk; M) Mf;]hd; ,) euk;G nry; ,izg;G gFjp <) Mf;]hdpd; ikag;gFjp

23. cWjpgLj;Jjy; (A): midj;J jz;Ltl euk;GfSk; fyg;G euk;Gfs;. fhuzk; (R): xt;nthU jz;Ltl euk;Gk; czh;r;rp Nth; kw;Wk; ,af;f Nth; nfhz;Ls;sd. m) (A) kw;Wk; (R) rhp. A f;F rhpahd tpsf;fk; R M) (A) kw;Wk; (R) rhp. A f;F R rhpahd tpsf;fk; md;W ,) (A) rhp (R) jtW. <) (A) jtW R rhp

4 - jhtuq;fspy;; ,dg;ngUf;fk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. xU nry; caphpfshd mkPghtpYk; ghf;BhpahtpYk; eilngWk; ,dg;ngUf;f tif…… (nrg;-14) m) Jz;lhjy; M) ,uz;lhfg; gpsj;jy; ,) mUk;Gjy; <) ];Nghh; cz;lhjy;

2. G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspd; ghypdg; ngUf;f Kiwapy; eilngWk; Kjy; epfo;T …… (khu;r;12> [d;-13>14>16> nrg;-2016)

m) fUTWjy; M) Kisj;jy; ,) kPz;Lk; cUthjy; <) kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if

3. fPOs;stw;wpy; nghUj;jkhd $w;W …… m) efUk; jpwdw;w, nky;ypa RtiuAila ];Nghh;fs; #];Nghu;fs; MFk;. M) rpy My;fhf;fs;, ghf;Bhpaq;fs;> G+Q;irfspy; cz;lhFk; efUk; jd;ikAila ghypyh

];Nghh;fs; VifdPl;Lfs;. ,) G+Q;irfspy; cz;lhFk; Xh; cl;fU nfhz;l efUk; jpwdw;w ghypyh ];Nghh;fs;, nfhdpbah <) rhjfkw;w #o;epiyfspy; My;fhf;fspy; cz;lhFk; jbj;j RtiuAila clyr; nry;fs;

VgpshNdh];Nghh;fs;

4. fUTw;w #w;ig> fdp MFk;. xU kyhpd; gy ,izahj #yf ,iyfs; nfhz;l Nky;kl;lr; #w;igapypUe;J cUthFk; fdp …….… ([d; 2012)

m) jpus;fdp M) $l;Lf;fdp ,) jdpf;fdp <) gyfdp

5. ePhpy; Cwitj;j tpijia mOj;Jk;nghOJ … topahf ePh; frpfpwJ. (khu;r;-13>15>17) m) ,iyj;Jis M) nyz;bnry; ,) ikf;Nuhigy; <) KisNth;

6. khq;fdp, fy;Nghd;w fdp vd;wiof;fg;gLfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,jd;……… (nrg;-13) m) ntspj;Njhy; Njhy; Nghd;wJ M) eLj;Njhy; fy; Nghd;wJ

,) cs;Njhy; rijg;gw;Ws;sJ <) cs;Njhy; fbdkhdJ





7. fPOs;s $w;Wfspy;> jtwhdJ…… m) ,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtu tpijapy; fhzg;gLk; Fl;ilahd> nrq;Fj;jhd> ntz;ikahd

gFjpf;F u/Ng vd;W ngah;. M) ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu tpijapy; fhzg;gLk; kpf Ez;zpa Jisf;F ikf;Nuhigy; vd;W ngah;. ,) fUtpy; jz;L cUthFk; gFjpf;F KisNth; vd;W ngah;. <) fUtpy; Nth; cUthFk; gFjpf;F KisNth; vd;W ngah;

8. fPOs;s $w;Wfspy;, fhw;wpd; %yk; fdp> tpij guTjYf;fhd nghUj;jkhd $w;W…… m) fdpfs;> tpijfs; jpBnud;W ntbj;J guTfpd;wd. M) biulhf;]; jhtuj;jpy;, Gy;yptl;lk;, ghg;g]; Jtpfshf khwpf; fdp guTjYf;F cjTfpwJ. ,) rhe;jpak; jhtuq;fspy; fdpfs; $hpa Kl;fs; %yk; guTfpd;wd. <) njd;idapd; fdp eLj;Njhy; ehh; Nghd;W cs;sJ.

9. %tpiztpdhy; cz;lhFk; jpR> fUtpd; tsh;r;rpf;F Cl;lk; mspf;f ty;yJ…… (khh;r;-14>[d; -15) m) irNfhl; M) #y; xl;Lj;jpR ,) ];$l;nly;yk; <) fUT+z;

10. jd; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if Kiwapd; jPik…… m) kfue;jj; Js;fs; tPzhtjpy;iy

M) tpijfs; Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; cz;lhfpd;wd ,) ,Ughy; kyh;fspy; fl;lhakhf eilngWfpwJ <) kyh;fspd; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;iff;F ntspf;fhuzpfisr; rhh;e;jpUf;fj; Njit ,y;iy

11. jhtuj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gFjp kyh;. ,J ……f;F cjTfpwJ. m) fth;jy; M) Njd; Ruj;jy; ,) kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if <) ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fk;

12. kyhpd; ,d;wpaikahj ghfq;fs;…… m) Gy;yptl;lk;> my;yptl;lk; M) kfue;jjhs; tl;lk;> #yf tl;lk; ,) Gy;yptl;lk;> kfue;jjhs; tl;lk; <) my;yptl;lk;> #yf tl;lk; 13. ……cw;gj;jp nra;a may; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if cjTfpwJ.

m) Gjpa tifj; jhtuq;fs; M) ed;F tsUk; jhtuq;fs; ,) ed;F Kisf;Fk; jpwDila tpijfs; <) Nkw;$wpa midj;Jk;

14. fhw;W %yk; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if ……,y; eilngWfpwJ. m) thyp];Nehpah M) Gy; ,) njd;id <) Ckj;ij

15. …… mikg;gpdhy; g+r;rpfs; %yk; may; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if eilngw VJthfpwJ. m) ,wFfisAila kfue;jj;Js;> fpisj;j #y;Kb M) epwKs;s my;yptl;lk;> Njd;Ruj;jy; ,) Fiwthd kfue;jKila nfhj;jhd kyh;fs; <) $o;kk; #o;e;j kfue;jj;Js;

16. fUTw;wgpd; #y; …… Mf khWfpwJ. (khh;r;-16) m) tpij M) fdp ,) fUCz;(vz;Nlh];gh;k;) <) fdpj;N;jhy; (nghpfhh;g;) 17. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; rhpahf nghUe;jpaJ………

m) ngha;f;fdp - kh M) $l;Lf;fdp - Mg;gps; ,) jpus;fdp - nel;bypq;fk; <) Nfhpahg;rp]; - thio

18. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; nghUe;jhj ,iz …… m) ,UGw ntbfdp - cyh;ntbfdp M) rpg;nryh - cyh; ntbahf;fdp ,) Nghk; - rijf;fdp <) nuf;kh - ,UGw ntbfdpia Nghy

5. ghYl;bfs;;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1) 1. ghYl;bfspd; kpf Kf;fpakhd gz;G ……

m) ehd;F miwfs; nfhz;l ,jak; M) Kd;dq;fhy;fs;> gpd;dq;fhy;fs; ,) ghy;Rug;gpfs; <) thy ;

2. khkpr cz;zpfs; …… gw;fisg; gad;gLj;jp khkprj;ijf; fpopf;fpwJ. m) ntl;Lk; gw;fs; M) Nfhiug; gw;fs; ,) Kd;filtha;g;gw;fs; <) gpd;filtha;g;gw;fs;

3. rpWePufj;jpy; neg;uhdpd; n`d;yp tisT gFjpapy; jhd; ngUksT ePh; kPz;Lk; cwpQ;rg;gLfpwJ. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; …… kpf ePskhd n`d;yp tisT nfhz;l neg;uhidg; ngw;W mjpf ePiu kPz;Lk; cwpQ;rp Nrkpf;fpwJ.

m) JUtfub M) xl;lfk; ,)jtis <) jpkpq;fyk;





4. ghYl;bfspy; ……… ,uj;j mZf;fs; Neha; vjph;g;Gr; rf;jpia mspf;fpwJ. ([_d;-16) m) ,sk; ,uj;j rptg;G mZf;fs; M) ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fs; ,) ,uj;jj; jl;L mZf;fs; <) Kjph; ,uj;j rptg;G mZf;fs;

5. ngahplhj ,Utho;tp ghYl;bapd; ,uj;jg; g+r;Rf;fs; mlq;fpa fz;zhb eOtq;fs; jug;gl;Ls;sJ. ,uj;jg; g+r;Rf;fis vt;thW NtWgLj;jp mwptPh;fs;?

m) epwj;ij cw;WNehf;fp M) rptg;gZf;fis cw;WNehf;fp ,) nts;isaZf;fis cw;WNehf;fp <) gpsh];khtpd; Mf;ff; $Wfis cw;WNehf;fp

6. nry;YNyh]; nrhpj;jYf;F nry;YNy]; vDk; nehjp Njitg;gLfpwJ. nry;YNy]; cw;gj;jpnra;Ak; ghf;Bhpahf;fis rpy ghYl;bfs; jdJ czTg;ghijapy; ,Uf;fr; nra;J czitAk; ghJfhg;igAk; jUfpwJ. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ,r;nray; kpFjpahff; fhzg;gLtJ……

m) jhtu cz;zpfs; M) khkpr cz;zpfs; ,) midj;Jz;zp <) ,uj;j cz;zpfs;

7. ghYl;bfspd; Kd;dq;fhy;fs; nghJthd Xu; mikg;gpidg; ngw;wpUe;jhYk;> mit ntt;NtW tpyq;Ffspy; gy;NtW tpjkhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,jid ,t;thW miof;fyhk;.

m) N`hNkhNyhf]; cWg;Gfs; M) mdhNyhf]; cWg;Gfs; ,) vr;r cWg;Gfs; <) tsh;r;rpAwh cWg;Gfs;

8. czh; kPir cNuhkq;fs; fhzg;gLk; tpyq;F (khh;r;-12> nrg;-2013) m) ntsthy; M) ahid ,) khd; <) G+id 9. ahidapd; je;jq;fs; ………………… gy;ypd; khWghL MFk;. (khh;r;-12> nrg;2013) m) ntl;Lk; gw;fs; M) nfhwpf;Fk; gw;fs; ,) fltha;g; gw;fs; <) Nkyz;zk; 10. ehd;F miwfSld; $ba tapW cila tpyq;F (nrg;-2014) m) ahid M) lhy;gpd; ,) khd; <) fq;fhU 11. kdpjdpd; ruhrhp cly; ntg;gepiy ……… ([_d;-2014> khh;r;-2016> nrg;-2016) m) 98.4

o - 98.6

o

F M) 96.6 o - 96.8 o

F ,) 94.4 o - 98.6 o F <) 98.4 o - 99.6 o F

12. kpl;uy; thy;T …………………… ,ilapy; fhzg;gLfpwJ. (khh;r;-2017) m) tyJ Mhpf;fps;> tyJ ntz;l;hpf;fps; M) ,lJ Mhpf;fps;> ,lJ ntz;l;hpf;fps;; ,) tyJ ntz;l;hpf;;fps;, EiuaPuy; jkdp <) ,lJ ntz;l;hpf;;fps;> ngUe;jkdp 13. cz;ikf;fUj;J (A): ghYl;bapd; ,jak; xU ikNahn[dpf; ,jak; MFk;. fhuzk; (R): ghYl;bfspy; ,jaj; Jbg;G rpwg;ghd jirf; fw;iwfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.(Ng]; Nkf;fh;) m) A kw;Wk; R ,uz;Lk; rhp ; RMdJ Aia tpsf;FfpwJ. (khh;r;-16- 2 kjpg;ngz;) M) A kw;Wk; R ,uz;Lk; rhp ; Mdhy; R MdJ Aia tpsf;Ftjpy;iy. ,) A kl;LNk rhp ; Mdhy; R jtW <) A jtW ; Mdhy; R rhp. 14. ghYl;b my;yhj njhFjpiaf; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. (khh;r;-2013> [d;-2013) m) lhy;gpd;> thy;u];> Ks;sk;gd;wp> Kay;> ntsthy; M) ahid> gd;wp> Fjpiu> fOij> Fuq;F ,) Mz;bNyhg;> khd;> gR> vUik> flkhd; <) eha;> g+id> Kjiy> rpq;fk;> Gyp 15. ghYl;bfspd; Gwj;Njhypy; fhzg;gLtJ (nrg;-2013> khh;r;-14> nrg;-14) m) cNuhkk;> czh; cNuhkk;> cNuhk Kl;fs; M) cNuhkk;> efk;> tpuy; efq;fs; ,) cNuhkk;> czh; cNuhkk;> nfhk;Gfs; <) cNuhkk;> efk;> nrjpy;fs; 16. xw;Wikapd; mbg;gilapy; fz;lwpf.

jpkpq;fyk;: JLg;Gfs; ; ntsthy; : ……………… (khu;r; 2013> nrg; 2013) Kd;if ,wf;iffs; 17. Nfhbl;ltw;iw epug;Gf. (khh;r; -2013> khh;r; 2014)

,uj;jr; rptg;gZ : Mf;]p[id vLj;Jr; nry;fpwJ. ,uj;j nts;isaZ : ………

,uj;j nts;isaZ : Neha;f; fpUkpfspd; jhf;Fjypy; ,Ue;J cliyg; ghJfhf;fpwJ. 18. khWghL mile;jjd; mbg;gilapy;> xUq;fpizj;J vOJf. (nrg; -2012> [d; 2013)

ntl;Lk; gw;fs; - ahidapd; je;jk;> ……….. - Ks;sk;gd;wpapd; Kl;fs;. Gw mLf;F Nuhkq;fs;.

6. tho;f;if ,af;fr; nray;fs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. khNdhl;Nuhghtpy;> czTg; nghUs;fis cwpQ;Rtjw;fhd rpwg;ghd Nth;fs; …(nrg;2013>khh;r;-2017) m) `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; M) ikf;Nfhiurh Nth;fs; ,) gw;W Nth;fs; <) Ntw;wpl Nth;fs;

2. <];l;bd; fhw;wpy;yhr; Rthrj;jpdhy; cz;lhtJ ……… (khh;r;-2014> [_d;-2015>16> nrg;-16) m) yhf;bf; mkpyk; M) igUtpf; mkpyk; ,) vj;jdhy; <) mrpl;bf; mkpyk;





3. ePh;j; Njitf;fhfj; njd;idapd; Nth;fs;, jha;j; jhtuj;ijtpl;L ntFnjhiytpw;F kz;zpy; CLUtpr;nry;fpd;wd. mj;jifa Nth;fspd; ,af;fk; ……… (nrg;-2015)

m) xsprhh; ,af;fk; M) <h;g;Gr;rhh;G ,af;fk; ,) ePHr;rhh;G ,af;fk; <) Ntjpr;rhh; ,af;fk;

4. jhtuq;fspy; iryj;jpd; gzp ……… (khu;r;-2013>15> [d;-2012>14) m) ePiuf; flj;Jjy; M) czitf; flj;Jjy;

,) mkpNdh mkpyj;ijf; flj;Jjy; <) Mf;rp[idf; flj;Jjy;

5. jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiwf;Fj; Njitg;gLtJ ……… ([d;-2013> nrg;-2012>14) m) CO2 kw;Wk; ePh; M) gr;irak; ,) #hpaxsp <) ,it midj;Jk;

6. ,iyj;Jisfs; ………… cjTfpd;wd. m) xspr; Nrh;f;ifapd; NghJ CO2it vLj;Jf; nfhs;tjw;F. M) xspr; Nrh;f;ifapd; NghJ O2it ntspapLtjw;F. ,) ePuhtpg;Nghf;fpd; NghJ ePuhtpia ntspapLtjw;F. <) ,it midj;Jk;

7. gRe;jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ……… nry; Ez;ZWg;ig czT cw;gj;jpj; njhopw;rhiyfs; vd miof;fyhk;. (khh;r;-16)

m) ikl;Nlhfhz;bhpah M) gRq;fzpfk; ,) vz;Nlhgpshrtiy <) cl;fU

8. f];f;a+l;lh> tp];fk; Nghd;w xl;Lz;zpj; jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; rpwg;ghd Nth;fs; Nghd;w mikg;G ……… vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ.

m) Nthpfs; M) `h];Nlhhpah ,) i`ghf;fs; <) ];Nlhyd;

9. kdpj czTf;Foy; ghijapy; mikahj cWg;G ……… (khh;r;-15) m) njhz;il M) tha; ,) tha;f;Fop <) fizak;

8 - fopT ePH Nkyhz;ik (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. ePhpdhy; guTk; Neha;f;F vLj;Jf;fhl;L ……. ([_d;-16) m) nrhwprpuq;F M) fpdpahGONeha; ,) ghh;itf;FiwghL <) ilgha;L

2. gbe;j kw;Wk; kpjf;Fk; nghUs;fis ……… Rj;jpfhpg;G Kiwapdhy; ePf;fyhk;. (khh;r;-2017) m) Kjy;epiyr; Rj;jpfhpg;G M) ,uz;lhk; epiyr; Rj;jpfhpg;G ,) %d;whk; epiyr; Rj;jpfhpg;G <) Nkw;gug;Gr; Rj;jpfhpg;G

3. ………… jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsk;. m) fhp M) ngl;Nuhypak; ,) ,aw;if thA <) midj;Jk;

4. ,aw;if thAtpy; fhzg;gLk; Kjd;ikahd nghUs; ……… (khh;r;-16> nrg;-16) m) <j;Njd; M) kPj;Njd; ,) GNuhNgd; <) gpA+Nld;

Ntjpapay;

9 - fiury;fs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. Xu; cz;ikf;fiury; vd;gJ> fiunghUs; kw;Wk; fiug;ghdhy; Md xU gbj;jhd fiury;. rhf;gP]; Jfs;fs; jz;zPhpy; fye;j fiury; gy gbj;jhd fyitahFk;. ,/J cz;ikf; fiuryh?

,y;iy. ,J xU njhq;fy;.

2. ePiuf; fiug;ghdhff; nfhz;l fiury; ePHf;fiury; MFk;. fhh;gd;-il-ry;igilf; fiug;ghdhff; nfhz;l fiury; …………..MFk;. (ePHf; fiury;> ePuw;w fiury;) (khu;r; -2013> [_d;-16)

3. cg;gpd; fiujpwd; 100 fpuhk; jz;zPhpy; 36 fpuhk; MFk;. 20 fpuhk; cg;ig ePhpy; fiuj;jg;gpd; mf;fiury; njtpl;ba epiyia mila ,d;Dk; vj;jid fpuhk; cg;G Njitg;gLk;?;

16 fpuhk;.

4. ,uz;L jputq;fs; xd;wpnyhd;W fiuAkhdhy; mj;jputq;fs; ………….. vdg;gLk;. (nrg;-14) (,uz;lwf; fyg;git, ,uz;lwf; fythjit) 5. #hpa xsp Ek; tFg;gpd; [d;dy; topNa tUk;NghJ> mjd; ghij njhptjd; fhuzk; xspapd;

………….. (gpujpgypg;ghy;> rpjwyhy;) (khh;r;-2014> nrg;-2013>15>16)

6. xU fiurypd; Jfs;fs; kPEz;Nzhf;fp topNa njhptjdhy; mf;fiury; ………….. vdg;gLk;. (cz;ikf; fiury;> $o;kf; fiury;) ([_d;2014)

7. ,Ukbf; fiurypy; cs;s cWg;Gfspd; vz;zpf;if ………….. (xd;W> ,uz;L)





8. Mo;fly; Kj;Jf; Fspg;gth;fs; Rthrpf;fg; gad;gLj;Jk; thAf;fyit ………….. (`Pypak; - Mf;]p[d;> Mf;]p[d; - iel;u[d;) (khh;r;-15>17>[d;2012>13)

9. Gtpapd; kzw;gug;G xU Fwpg;gpl;l mstpw;F Nky; iel;u[id jd;Ds; nfhs;sKbahepiy ………….. vdg;gLk;. (njtpl;ba epiy, njtpl;lhj epiy)

10. xU ntg;gk; nfhs;tpidapy;> ntg;gepiyia ………….., fiujpwd; mjpfhpf;Fk;. (khh;r;-16) (mjpfhpj;jhy;> Fiwj;jhy;)

11. ePh; tho; caphpdq;fSf;Ff; Fsph;e;j ePNu cfe;jJ Vnddpy; ………….. m) ntg;gepiy FiwAk;NghJ ePhpYs;s Mf;]p[dpd; fiujpwd; mjpfhpf;fpwJ M) ntg;gepiy caUk;NghJ ePhpYs;s Mf;]p[dpd; fiujpwd; mjpfhpf;fpwJ. ,) ntg;gepiy caUk;NghJ ePhpYs;s Mf;]p[dpd; fiujpwd; FiwfpwJ.

11 – Ntjp tpidfs;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. Zn + 2HCl ZnCl2 + H2 Nkw;$wpa tpid vt;tif tpidiar; rhh;e;jJ ? (khu;r;-2012) m) $Lif tpid M) ,ul;il ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpid ,) ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpid <) rpijTWjy; tpid

2. nrk;gOg;G epwKs;s ‘X’ vd;w jdpkj;ijf; fhw;wpy; ntg;gg;gLj;Jk;NghJ ‘Y’ vd;w fUg;G epwr;Nrh;kj;ijj; jUfpwJ. ‘X’ kw;Wk; ‘Y’ vd;git ………… (Cu, CuO / Pb, PbO)

3. xU khztd; pH jhisf; nfhz;L Ja ePhpd; pHIr; Nrhjpj;jhd;. p

H jhs; gr;ir epwj;ijf;

fhl;baJ. vYkpr;rk; gor;rhw;iw ePhpDs;; mkpo;j;jpaJk;; ………… epwkhf khwpaJ (gr;ir / rptg;G / kQ;rs;)

4. Ntjp vhpkiy vd;gJ ………… ($Lif tpid / rpijTWjy; tpid) (khh;r;-2014>16 [_d;-2014)

5. fhuPa iel;Nul; gbfq;fis mjpf msT ntg;gg;gLj;Jk;nghOJ mJ ………… thAitf; nfhLf;fpwJ me;j thAtpd; epwk; …………

NO2, nrk;gOg;G

6. rpy;th; iel;Nul; kw;Wk; Nrhbak; FNshiuL ePh;f; fiury;fisf; fyf;Fk;NghJ ………… tPo;gbT cldbahff; fpilf;fpwJ. (nts;is / kQ;rs;) (fhM2014)

7. mYkpdpak;> Jj;jehf ry;Ngl; fiurypUe;J Jj;jehfj;ij ,lg;ngah;r;rp nra;fpwJ. (Jj;jehfk; mYkpdpaj;ijtpl tpidjpwd; kpf;fJ / mYkpdpak; Jj;jehfj;ij tpl tpidjpwd; kpf;fJ)

8. gw;rpijitj; jLf;f ehk; ehSk;; gy; Jyf;f Ntz;Lk;. ehk; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; gw;gir ………… jd;ik nfhz;lJ. (fhuj; jd;ik ) ([_d;-16> nrg;-2013)

9. mrpl;bf; mkpyj;jpy;; tpdpfh; cs;sJ. japhpy; cs;s mkpyk; …………

(yhf;bf; mkpyk; / lhh;lhhpf; mkpyk;) (khu;r-;2013>15>17> nrg; -15)

10. pH = -log10[H

+] xU fiurypd; i`l;u[d; madpapd; nrwpT 0.001M vdpy;> mjd;; pH kjpg;G

………… ( 3 / 11 / 14) ([d;-2013>15> nrg; -14)

12 – jdpkq;fspd; MtHj;jd tifg;ghL (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. Gjpa jdpk thpir ml;ltizapy; njhlh;fSk;> njhFjpfSk; cs;sd. njhlu;fSk; njhFjpfSk; KiwNa> ………. m. fpilkl;l tupirfs; (njhlh;fs;)> nrq;Fj;J thpirfs; (njhFjpfs;). M. nrq;Fj;J thpirfs; (njhFjpfs;)> fpilkl;l tupirfs; (njhlh;fs;)

2. %d;whtJ thpirapy; jdpkq;fs; cs;sd. mtw;wpy; vj;jid mNyhfq;fs; cs;sd? (8> 5) ([_d;-16)

3. midj;Jf; fhpkr; Nrh;kq;fSf;Fk; mbg;gilahd jdpkk; ……….. njhFjpapy; cs;sJ. (khh;r;-2017> nrg;2013> [_d; 2014> 2015)

(14MtJ njhFjpapy; / 15MtJ njhFjpapy;) 4. jhJtpypUe;J cNyhfkhdJ ,yhgfukhdjhfg; gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ mYkpdpakhdJ

ghf;irl;bypUe;J gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ……….. vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. (khu;r;2013> nrg; 2014) (jhJ/fdpkk;)

5. jq;fk; vd;w jdpkkhdJ Nrh;kkhff; fpilg;gJ ,y;iy. ,J fhw;W my;yJ ePUld; tpidGhptJ ,y;iy. ,J ……….. epiyapy; cs;sJ. ([_d;2014> nrg; 2013> 2014)

(jdpj;j / Nrh;e;j)





13 - fhHgDk; mjd; NrHkq;fSk;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;: fhpkr; Nrh;kq;fspy; cs;s gpizg;Gfs; rfg; gpizg;Gj; jd;ik nfhz;lit. fhuzk; : rfg; gpizg;ghdJ mZtpYs;s vyf;l;uhd;fs; gq;fplg;gLtjhy; Vw;gLfpwJ.

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s fhuzk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;Fg; NghJkhdjhf cs;sjh? Mk;. fhuzk; cWjpg;gLj;Jtjw;F NghJkhdjhf cs;sJ. (fhh;gd; jdJ 4 ,izjpwd; vyf;l;uhd;fs; %yk; kw;w mZf;fSld; gq;fPl;bd; mbg;gilapNyNa gpizg;ig cUthf;FfpwJ)

2. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;: ituk; vd;gJ fhh;gdpd; fbdkhd GwNtw;Wik tbtk; MFk;. fhuzk; : ituj;jpYs;s fhh;gd; ehd;Kfp tbtk; cilaJ. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s cWjpg;gLj;JjYf;Ff; fhuzk; rhpahf cs;sjh?

Mk;. fhuzk; rupahf cs;sJ. (xt;nthU fhh;gd; mZTk;> mLj;Js;s ehd;F fhh;gd; mZf;fSld; ehd;Kfp tbtj;jpy; gpizg;Gw;W fbdkhd Kg;ghpkhz mikg;ig cUthf;FfpwJ.)

3. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;: Ra rfg;gpizg;gpd; fhuzkhf kpf mjpf msT fhh;gd; Nrh;kq;fs; cUthfpd;wd. fhuzk;: fhh;gd; Nrh;kq;fs; GwNtw;Wik tbtj;jpd; gz;Gfisg; ngw;Ws;sd. ,e;jf; fhuzk; cWjpg;gLj;JjYf;Fg; NghJkhdjhf cs;sjh? fhuzk; cWjpg;gLj;JjYf;F NghJkhdjhf ,y;iy.

4. gf;kpdp];lh; Gy;yhpd; ………d; GwNtw;Wik tbtk; (nrg;-2012> 2013> khh;r;-2014> 16> [_d;-16) (iel;u[d; / fhh;gd; / ry;/gh;)

5. fpuh/igl; mNyhfkhf ,Ue;jhYk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; flj;JfpwJ. ,J ………d; fhuzkhf flj;JfpwJ. (gpizg;Gwh vyf;l;uhd;fs; / gpizg;G vyf;l;uhd;fs;) (khh;r;- 2015)

6. kPj;Njdpd; tha;g;ghL CH4 mjidj; njhlUk; mLj;j C2H6 <j;Njd;. ,it ,uz;bw;FKs;s nghJthd NtWghL ……… (CH2 / C2H2) (khu;r;2013> nrg; -2014>15)

7. my;ifd; FLk;gj;jpy; cs;s Kjy; Nrh;kj;jpd; IUPAC ngah; ………. ([_d; 2012>13>14> nrg;-16) (<j;jPd; / <j;ijd;) 8. fPl;Nlhd; njhFjpapYk;> My;bi`L njhFjpapYk;; ve;j tpidr;nray; njhFjp ,Wjpapy; cs;sJ?

My;bi`L : –CHO

9. Nrhjidf; Fohapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s Nrhbak; fhh;gNdl;il mrpl;bf; mkpyj;Jld; Nrh;j;Jr; #LgLj;Jk;NghJ X vd;w epwkw;w> kzkw;w thA ntsptUfpwJ. ,e;j thA Rz;zhk;G ePiug; ghy;Nghy khw;WfpwJ. X-If; fz;Lgpbf;f. (ngah; my;yJ tha;g;ghL)

X fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L (CO2)

10. cWjpgLj;Jjy;: vj;jdhy; jd; ,ay;ig ,oj;jyhy; mJ Fbg;gjw;F Vw;wJ my;y. fhuzk;: gphpbd; Nrh;g;gjhy; vj;jdhy; jd; ,ay;ig ,of;fpwJ. Nkw;$wpa fhuzk; cWjp gLj;jYf;fhd chpa tpsf;fkh? vd;gij rhpghh;f;fTk;.

Mk;. rupahf cs;sJ. nkj;jdhy; fye;j vj;jdhy; jd; ,ay;ig ,oe;J tp\r;rhuhakhf khWfpwJ. mjid gUFtjhy;

fz;ghh;it gwpNghjy;> capupog;G Vw;glyhk;. vdNt mJ Fbg;gJ Vw;wjy;y.

,aw;gpay;

14- mstpLk; fUtpfs;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. jpUF mstp vd;gJ ……..… msTf;Fg; ghpkhzk; cs;s kpfr; rpwpa nghUs;fis mstpLk; fUtpahFk;. (0.1 cm, 0.01 cm, 0.1 mm, 0.01 mm) (khh;r;-2017)

2. jpUF mstpapy; jiyf;Nfhy;> Ropg;gphpT> Ghpf;Nfhypd; tiu Nfhl;bw;Ff; fPo; mikfpwJ vdpy; Ropg;gpio ……..… (Neh;f;Fwp> vjph;Fwp> ,y;iy)

3. jpUF mstp ……..… d; tpl;lj;ij msf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. (flg;ghiu> nky;ypa fk;gp> fphpf;nfl; ge;J)

4. XH xsp Mz;L vd;gJ ……..… MFk;. (365.25 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 3 x 10

8 kP, 1 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 3 x 108 kP, 360 x 24 x 60 x 60 x 3 x 10

8 kP)

5. thdpay; myF vd;gJ Gtpapd; ikaj;jpw;Fk;> ……..…d; ikaj;jpw;Fk; ,ilg;gl;l ruhrhpj; njhiyT (epyh> #hpad;> nrt;tha;)





15- ,af;f tpjpfSk;; <Hg;gpaYk;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. xU nghUspd; KLf;fj;jpw;Ff; fhuzk; ……..… (rkd; nra;ag;gl;l tpir, rkd; nra;ag;glhj tpir, epiykpd;dpay; tpir) 2. ce;j khWghl;L tPjj;jpw;Fr; rkkhd ,aw;gpay; msT ……..… (khh;r;-2017) (,lg;ngah;r;rp, KLf;fk;, tpir, fzj;jhf;F tpir) 3. Xa;T epiyapYs;s fdkhd nghUspd; ce;jk; ……..… (khh;r;-2016> nrg;-2013>14>15) (kpf mjpfk;, kpff; FiwT, Rop, Kbtpyp) 4. Gtpg;gug;gpy; 50 fp.fp epiwAs;s kdpjdpd; vil ……..… (khh;r;-2014. [d;2013>16> nrg; 2012>16) (50 N, 35 N, 380 N, 490 N)

5. caphpj; njhopy;El;g Crp kUe;Jfisf; Fspur; nra;a …….. Fsphpj; njhopy;El;g mikg;G Njit. (`Pypak;, iel;u[d;, mk;Nkhdpah, FNshhpd;) (khu;r; 2012>13>15> [d; 2012)

6. rkepiw ngw;w ,U nghUs;fs; A, B KiwNa 20 fp.kP/ kzp kw;Wk; 50 fp.kP/ kzp Ntfj;jpy; xUtu; kPJ Nkhjp cldbahf Xa;Tepiyf;Fj; jpUk;GfpwJ. mtu; kPJ mjpf tpir nrYj;Jk; nghUs; vJ? tpilf;Ff; fhuzk; jUf.

mjpf tpir nrYj;Jk; nghUs; B. fhuzk;: 1. tpir ce;j khWghl;L tPjj;jpw;F Neu; jftpy; mikAk;. 2. nghUs; A-d; ce;j khWghl;LtPjk; nghUs; B-apd; ce;j khWghl;L tPjj;ij tpl

Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt nghUs; B mjpf tpiria nray;gLj;Jk;. 7. nghUnshd;W 20 kP/tp vd;w jpir Ntfj;jpy; ,aq;FfpwJ. mjd; kPJ 10 N tpirahdJ

jpirNtfj;jpw;Fr; nrq;Fj;J jpirapy; nray;gLfpwJ. 10 tpdhbfSf;Fg; gpd;G nghUspd; Ntfk; vd;d? 1. nghUs; nry;Yk; jpirf;F nrq;Fj;jhf tpir nray;gLtjhy; nghUspd; Ntfk; khWglhJ. 2. 10 tpdhbfSf;Fgpd;Gk; nghUspd; Ntfk; khwhky; ,Uf;Fk; 3. Mdhy; nghUspd; jpirapy; khw;wk; ,Uf;Fk;. njhlh;e;J me;j tpir nghUspd;kPJ nrq;Fj;J tpir nray;gl;lhy; mg;nghUs; tl;ljpirapy; ,aq;Fk;. 8. $w;W (A): ngUefuq;fspy;> Gtpapd; mbapy; mikf;fg;gl;l fk;gptlq;fspy; jputkhf;fg;gl;l

Fspup thAf;fs; njspf;fg;gLfpd;wd. fhuzk;: (R) jputkhf;fg;gl;l Fspup thAf;fs; jpwd; tPzhtijj; jLf;fpd;wd (khh;r;-16 nrg;-16)

m) A jtwhdJ R rupahdJ M) A rupahdJ R jtwhdJ ,) A, R ,uz;Lk; jtwhdJ <) A rupahdJ R, A I typAWj;JfpwJ

<) A rupahdJ R, A I typAWj;JfpwJ. 9. Gtpg;gug;gpy; <u;g;G KLf;fk; …… gFjpapy; ngUkkhfTk; …… gFjpapy; rpWkkhfTk; ,Uf;Fk;.

JUt> epyeLf;NfhL 10. Gtpapd; epiwkhwhky;> jw;Nghija kjpg;gpypUe;J Gtpapd; Muk; ghjpahff; FiwAkhdhy;

Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kPJ Vw;gLk; ghjpg;G vd;d? 4 klq;F mjpfhpf;Fk;.

vdNt Gtpapd; epiw khwhky; Muk; ghjpahff; Fiwe;jhy; GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G 4 klq;F

mjpfupf;Fk;

11. nry;tp mYtyfj;jpw;Ff; fhiu Xl;br; nry;Yk;NghJ> jdJ ifg;igiag; gazp ,Uf;ifapy; itj;jpUf;fpwhu;. mtu; mYtyfj;ij mile;jTld; ifg;igahdJ ,Uf;ifapd; Kd;dhy; fPNo tpOe;J fplf;fpwJ. Vd; ,t;thW epfo;e;jJ vd;gij tpsf;Ff. 1. ,J ,af;f epiykj;jhy; epfo;e;jJ. 2. nry;tp fhupd; gpNuf;if gad;gLj;Jk;NghJ fhhpd; kPJ kl;LNk jil tpir nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ.

igapd; kPJ jil tpir nray;glhjjhy; mJ njhlh;e;J ,af;fj;jpy; cs;sJ. 3. vdNt epA+l;ldpd; epiyk tpjpg;gb nry;tpapd; ifg;ig ,Uf;ifapd; Kd;dhy; tpOe;J tpl;lJ.

12. fpupf;nfl; fstPuu; ge;ij gpbf;Fk; NghJ> ifiag; gpd;Ndhf;fp ,Og;gJ Vd;? 1. ce;j khWghl;Lf;fhd fhyk; Fiwthf ,Ue;jhy; fpupf;nfl; tPuupd; iffspy; ge;jpd; jhf;fk;

mjpfk; ,Uf;Fk;. iffspy; fhak; Vw;gLk;.





2. ce;j khWghl;bw;fhd fhyj;ij mjpfhpj;J ge;jpd; tpiria Fiwg;gjw;fhf fpupf;nfl; tPuu; ifia gpd;Ndhf;fp ,Of;fpwhu;.

13. fPo;f;fhZk; $w;Wfspy; xU nghUspd; epiwNahL njhlh;gpy;yhj $w;iw vOJf(khh;r;-14>15> nrg;-13) (,J Xu; mbg;gil msT> ,J ,aw;gpay; juhR nfhz;L msf;fg;gLfpwJ> ,J tpy; juhR nfhz;L msf;fg;gLfpwJ) tpil: ,J tpy; juhR nfhz;L msf;fg;gLfpwJ

14. re;jpuhad; -1 jpl;lj;NjhL njhlh;Gila rpy epWtdq;fspd; ngah;fs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. Mdhy; rpy ngah;fs; mitNahL njhlh;gpy;yhjit. njhlh;gpy;yhj epWtdq;fspd; ngah;fis gl;baypLf (ISRO, BARC, NASA, ESA, WHO, ONGC) ([_d;2014>2015)

tpil: BARC, WHO, ONGC

16 - kpd;Ndhl;ltpaYk; Mw;wYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. 20 Xk; kpd;jilAs;s fk;gpapy; 0.2 A kpd;Ndhl;lk; cUthf;fj; Njitg;gLk; kpd;dOj;j NtWghL …… (100 V, 4 V, 0.01 V, 40 V) (cjtp Fwpg;G: V=IR) (khu;r;12>15 [d;13>14> nrg;-15)

2. ,U kpd;tpsf;Ffspd; kpd;jilfs; tpfpjk; 1:2. mit njhluhf xU Rw;wpy; ,izf;fg;gLfpd;wd vdpy;> mit vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; Mw;wy;fspd; tpfpjk; …… (1:2, 2:1, 4:1, 1:1) (nrg; -14) (fhuzk;: P = I2R vd;gjhYk; njhlu; ,izg;gpy; cs;sjhy; ,uz;Lf;Fk; mspf;fg;gLk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; khwhJ vd;gjhYk; mjpf kpd;jil cs;s kpd;tpsf;F mjpf Mw;wiy ngw;Wf;nfhs;Sk;)

3. fpNyhthl; kzp vd;gJ ………..d; myF MFk;. (khu;r; 2013>15>17> [d; 2012> nrg; 2013) (kpd;dOj;j NtWghL, kpd;jpwd;, kpd;dhw;wy;, kpd;Dl;lk;)

4. xj;j epge;jidfspy; cs;sNghJ …… gug;G kw;wg; gug;Gfistpl mjpf ntg;gj;ij cl;fth;fpwJ. (ntz;ik, nrhunrhug;ghd, fUik, kQ;rs;) (khh;r;-2016> [d; 2013>2014>2016> nrg;-2014>2015)

5. ,aw;iff; fjphpaf;fj; jdpkj;jpd; mZ vz; ……….(khu;r;2013) (82I tpl mjpfk;, 82I tplf; FiwT, tiuaWf;fg;gltpy;iy, Fiwe;jJ 92)

6. gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; Xk; tpjpNahL njhlh;gpy;yhjij vOJf. (nrg;2013) m) kpd;Ndhl;lk; / kpd;dOj;j NtWghL = khwpyp

M) kpd;dOj;j NtWghL / kpd;Ndhl;lk; = khwpyp ,) kpd;Ndhl;lk; = kpd;jil x kpd;dOj;j NtWghL 7. mdy; kpd; epiyaj;jpy; gad;gLk; vupnghUs; vd;d? epyf;fhp

8. kpfr; rpwe;j Mw;wy; %yk; vJ? #hpad;

9. fhw;whw;wy; %yk; kpd;rhuj;ijg; ngw tpirahopf;Fj; Njitahd fhw;wpd; rpWk Ntfk; vd;d? fhw;wpd; rpWk Ntfk; 15 fp.kP. / kzp 10. capup thAtpid cw;gj;jpr; nra;a Njitahd Kf;fpa %yg;nghUs; vd;d? khl;L rhzk;

17 - kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;j tpisTk; xspapaYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. Mbapy; cUthFk; cUg;ngUf;fk; + 1/3 vdpy;, me;j Mbapd; tif (khh;r;2014> nrg;2013>2016)

(Fop Mb, Ftp Mb, rkjs Mb) (fhuzk; Mbf;Fs; rpwpa gpk;gj;ij Njhw;Wtpg;gJ Ftp MbNa)

2. xU fk;gpr;RUNshL njhlh;Gila fhe;jg;ghak; khWk; Nghnjy;yhk;> mr;Rw;wpy; kpd;dpaf;F tpir cUthFk; epfo;T ……(khu;r;2013>16)

(kpd; fhe;jj; Jz;ly;> kpd;Ndhl;lk; cUthjy;, kpd;dOj;jk; cUthjy;, kpd;Ndhl;lk; khw;wg;gLjy;)

3. cNyhff; flj;jpapy; ghAk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; mjidr; Rw;wp …… I cUthf;Fk;. (fhe;jg;Gyk;, ve;jpu tpir> Jz;Lk; kpd;Ndhl;lk;) (khh;r;-14>15>17> [d; 2012>13> nrg;-12>14)

4. ghh;itg;Gyk; ngUk msthf miktJ ([d;2013>14> nrg;;2012>15) (rkjs Mbapy;, Fop Mbapy;, Ftp Mbapy;)

5. 10 nr.kP Ftpaj;njhiyTs;s Ftp nyd;rpypUe;J 25 nr.kP njhiytpy; nghUs; itf;fg;gLfpwJ. gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT…… (khu;r;2012> nrg;-2015)

(50 nr.kP> 16.66 nr.kP> 6.66 nr.kP> 10 nr.kP)





6. gpd;tUk; $w;wpy; kpd;Ndhl;lj; jpir khw;wpf;Fg; nghUe;JtJ m) fhy;tdhkPl;lu; mjd; miytpyh epiyf;Fj; jpirkhw;wpiag; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;. M) kpd;khw;wp kpd;dOj;jj;ij cah;j;Jtjw;Fj; jpirkhw;wpiag; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;. ,) kpd;Nkhl;lhh; kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpiria khw;wj; jpirkhw;wpiag; gad;gLj;jpf;nfhs;Sk;.

7. xU kpd;dpizg;Gf;fk;gpapy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; fpof;fpy; ,Ue;J Nkw;fhfr; nry;fpwJ. fk;gpapd; fPNo 5 nr.kP. njhiytpy; cs;s fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpiriaf; fhz;f.

tlf;fpypUe;J njw;F Nehf;fp ,Uf;Fk;.

8. gpd;tUk; glj;jpy; fhl;bathW> ,uz;L fk;gpr;RUs;fs; xU kpd;flj;jh cUis kPJ Rw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. njhlf;fj;jpy; rhtp %lg;gltpy;iy. gpd;G rhtp %b> jpwf;fg;gLfpwJ. vdpy; gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlu;fspy; rupahdJ vJ? m) fhy;tdh kPl;lhpy; tpyfy; KOtJk; RopahfNt ,Uf;Fk;. M) fhy;tdh kPl;lhpy; fzNeutpyfy; Vw;gl;L kiwfpwJ kw;Wk;

rhtp %lg;gl;lTld; ve;j tpisTk; ,y;iy rupahd $w;W: M) fhy;tdhkPl;lhpy; fzNeutpyfy; Vw;gl;L kiwfpwJ kw;Wk; rhtp

%lg;gl;lTld; ve;j tpisTk; ,y;iy

9. kdpjf;fz;zpy; cs;s nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;njhiyitr; rhpnra;ag; gad;gLk; ghfk; ahJ? rpypahpj; jirfs;

10. ePh; epuk;gpa fz;zhbf; Ftisapy; ghjp %o;fpapUf;Fk; ngd;rpyhdJ> fhw;Wk; ePUk; NrUkplj;jpy; tise;jJ Nghy; Njhd;WfpwJ. ,jw;Ff; fhuzkhd xspapd; epfo;itf; $Wf.

xsptpyfy; 11. xUehs; ,uT rpj;uh jd; tuNtw;giwapy; mkh;e;jpUe;jNghJ> jd; G+idf;Fl;bapd; vjpnuhspg;G

gpk;gj;ij trpg;giw fz;zhbr; rd;dypy; ghh;f;fpwhs;. G+idf;Fl;bapd; gpk;gk; nrq;Fj;Jf; Nfhl;Lld; 400 Nfhzj;ij Vw;gLj;jpdhy;> ve;jf;Nfhzj;jpy; gpk;gj;jpd; vjpnuhspg;igf; fhz;ghs;?

gpk;gj;jpd; vjpnuhspg;ig 800 Nfhzj;jpy; ghh;g;ghs;. (gLNfhzk; 400 + vjpnuhspg;Gf; Nfhzk; 400) 12. fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfs; xUNghJk; xd;iwnahd;W ntl;bf;nfhs;tjpy;iy. Vd;?

1. fhe;jtpirf;NfhLfs; xU Gs;spapy; ntl;br;nrd;why; mg;Gs;spapy; fhe;jGyj;jpw;F ,UNtW jpirfs; mika Ntz;Lk;. ,J rhj;jpakw;wJ.

2. fhe;jtpirf; NfhLfs; tl KidapypUe;J njd; Kid tiu %ba tisNfhLfshfNt mikfpwJ.

3. vdNt mit xUNghJk; ntl;bf;nfhs;shJ.

13. ,U ,izf;flj;jpfspd; topNa rk msT kpd;Ndhl;lk; xNujpirapYk;> vjpnujph;jpirapYk; ghAk; NghJ mitfSf;fpilNa ikaj;jpy; Njhd;Wk; fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jd;ik vd;d?

1) xNu jpirapy; ghAk;NghJ fhe;j tpir RopahFk; 2) vjpnujpu; jpirapy; ghAk; NghJ fhe;j tpir ,ul;bg;ghFk;.

14. AC kpd;dpaw;wpia DC kpd;dpaw;wpahf vt;thW khw;wyhk;? eOT tisaq;fSf;Fg; gjpyhf gpsTg;gl;l tisaj;ij gad;gLj;jp DC kpd;dpaw;wpahf khw;wyhk;.

15. Ftpaj;njhiyT f nfhz;l Fopahbapd; Kd; nghUshdJ itf;fg;gLfpwJ. mjd; gpk;gj;jpd; msTk;> nghUspd; msTk; rkk; vdpy; nghUspd; epiyiaf; fhz;f.

tisT ikaj;jpy; (c) nghUs; itf;fg;gLk; NghJ rk msthd gpk;gk; tisT ikaj;jpNyNa (c) Njhd;Wk;.



10 mwptpay; 2 kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; ntw;wpf;F top


,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; muRj;Nju;tpy; Nfl;fg;glf;$ba ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; Gj;jf tpdh tpilfis ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLj;Js;Nshk;.

,e;jg; gFjpapy; 32 tpdhf;fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;L mjpy; 20 tpdhf;fs; kl;LNk vOj Ntz;bapUg;gjhy; rw;W jpl;lkpl;L gbAq;fs; 1> 5> 6> 8> 16> 17 Mfpa 6 ghlq;fspy; jyh 3 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. 9> 11> 12> 15 Mfpa ghlq;fspy; jyh 2 tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gLfpd;wd. ,tw;iw ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhz;lhy; 36 Kjy; 40 kjpg;ngz;fs; tiu ngwyhk;. jpwDs;s khztu;fs; Gj;jfj;jpy; ghlj;jpypUe;J ePq;fshfNt ,d;Dk; rpy tpdhf;fis nrhe;jkhf jahupj;J itj;Jf;nfhz;L gbAq;fs;. nky;yf;fw;Fk; khztu;fs; 1> 5> 6> 8> 9> 11> 12> 15> 16> 17 Mfpa 10 ghlq;fspy; cs;s tpdhf;fis kl;Lk; gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ];lhu; Fwpapl;l tpdhf;fis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

capupay;

1. kuGk; gupzhkKk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. nkz;ly; jd; Ma;tpy; Njhl;lg; gl;lhzpr; nrbapd; cauk; vd;w gz;gpid Xq;Fg; gz;ghf ,Ug;gijf; fz;lwpe;jhh;. mNjNghy> ehtpid cUisahf cUsr; nra;jy; kdpjhpd; Xq;F gz;ghFk;. 60 khzth;fs; cs;s xU FOtpy; 45 khzth;fs; ehtpid cUsr; nra;a KbAk;, 15 khzth;fs; ,t;thW nra;a ,ayhjth;fs;. i) Nkw;$wpa #o;epiyapy;, gz;gpd; Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F rjtPjq;fisf; fhz;f.

ehtpid cUsr;nra;Nthu; rjtPjk; = 45

60 x 100 = 75 %

ehtpid cUsr;nra;a ,ayhNjhu; rjtPjk; = 15

60 x 100 = 25 %

Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F gz;G rjtPjq;fs; = 75 : 25

Xq;F kw;Wk; xLq;F gz;G tpfpjk; = 45 : 15 = 3 : 1

2. flj;jf; $ba gz;Gfs; jk; rpw;wpdj;jpw;Fs;Sk;, Nghpdj;jpw;Fs;Sk; khWgLk;. fPo;f;fhZk; gz;Gfs; vj;jifa khWghLfs; nfhz;Ls;sd vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. i) kdpjf; fz;zpd; epwk; ePyk;, fUg;G, gOg;G, gr;ir vd khWgLfpwJ. ,t;tif khWghL …… vdg;gLk;. ii) Kay;, ahid Nghd;wtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; gy; mikg;G khWgl;Ls;sJ. ,t;tif khWghLfs; ….. vdg;gLk;.

(khu;r;-2014>17> [d;-2012>16> nrg;-2014) i) rpw;wpd caphpdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghL ii) Nghpdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghL

3. ,Ughy; caphpfspilNa Njhd;Wk; mjd; jiyKiw, Fwpg;gpl;l jd;ikAila ed;F njhpaf;$ba NtWghLfSld; ,Uf;Fk;. ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; cUthFk; jiyKiwfs; Fiwe;j msNt khWghl;Lld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

i) Nkw;$wpa $w;iw Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPHfsh? ii) fPo;f;fhZk; caphpfspy; ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; caphp vJ? (fug;ghd; G+r;rp, A+f;spdh, kz;GO, gwit)

i) Mk;. Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpNwd; ii) a+f;spdh

4. ghuk;ghpak; rhh;e;j rpy Kf;fpa nrhw;;Fwpg;Gfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; cupadtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. (khh;r;-2016> [d;-2013>16> nrg;-2016)

i) ……… fhuzpfs; ,aw;gpay; rhh;e;j ghuk;ghpaf; fhuzpfs; MFk;. ii) ……… vd;gJ xNu [Pdpd; khw;Wj; jd;ikahFk;. iii) ………. vd;gJ my;yPy;fSila vjph;gz;gikg;G MFk;.

(my;yPy;, khWghLfs;, rpw;wpdkhjy;, [Pd;, my;yPNyh khH/Gfs;)

i) [Pd; ii) my;yPy; iii) my;yPNyh khh;/Gfs;





5. clw;nry;fspy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; mLj;jj; jiyKiwfSf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjpy;iy. ,dr; nry;ypy; Vw;gLk; khWghL mLj;jj; jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLtjhFk;. `pNuh\pkh mZf;Fz;L tPr;rpd; fjphpaf;fk; jiyKiw, jiyKiwahff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. Nkw;$wpa $w;iwg; gFj;jha;e;J, ePq;fs; njhpe;Jf; nfhz;lij vOJf.

1. ,dr; nry;ypy; Vw;gLk; khWghL mLj;jj; jiyKiwf;Ff; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. 2. `pNuh\pkh mZFz;L fjpu;tPr;rpy; ngw;Nwhh;fspd; ,dr; nry;fs; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;

mLj;jLj;j jiyKiwfspYk;; me;j ghjpg;Gfs; njhlu;fpwJ.

6. Mjp kdpjd; Kjy; jw;fhy kdpjd; tiu nfhLf;fg;gl;l kdpj ,dq;fis thpirg;gLj;jTk;. ([_d;-2014>15>16> nrg;-2013) (epahz;lh;jy; kdpjd;, N`hNkh n`gpyp];, N`hNkh vuf;;l];, N`hNkh nrgpad;)

N`hNkhn`gpyp]; N`hNkh vuf;l]; epahz;lh;jy; kdpjd; N`hNkhnrgpad;

7. caphp njhopy;El;gtpay;, caphpaypd; etPd mwptpayhFk;. ,e;j mbg;gilj; njhop;y;El;g cjtpahy; gy;NtWgl;l nghUs;fs; cw;gj;jpr; nra;ag;gLfpd;wd. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;ltw;wpy;;; vf;FO caphpj; njhopy;El;g Kiwapy; cUthf;fg;gLtjpy;iy fz;lwpe;J fhuzk; $Wf:

i) nehjpfs;, fhpk mkpyq;fs;, ];buha;Lfs;, jLg;G+rpfs; ii) jLg;G+rpfs;, nehjpfs;, vjph;capu;nghUs;fs;, fdpk mkpyq;fs; iii) vjph; caphpg; nghUs;fs;, `hh;Nkhd;fs;, ];buha;Lfs;, jLg;G+rpfs; iv) ];buha;Lfs;, nehjpfs;, vjph;nghUs;fs;, jLg;G+rpfs;

nghUe;jhjJ: ii) jLg;G+rpfs;, nehjpfs;, vjph;capu;nghUs;fs;, fdpk mkpyq;fs; fhuzk;: ,f;FOtpy; fdpk mkpyq;fis capupj;njhopy; El;gj;jhy; jahupf;f ,ayhJ. fdpk

mkpyq;fs; ghiwfs; kw;Wk; fdpkg;nghUl;fspypUe;J ngwg;gLfpwJ.

8. Xh; caphpapd; Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;G (gPNdhilg;) kw;Wk; [Pdhf;fg; gz;G ([PNdhilg;) gw;wp ePtph; fUJtJ vd;d? tpsf;Ff.

1. Gwj;Njhw;wj;jpy; ntspg;gilahf njhpAk; gz;Gfs; Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;Gfs; (gPNdhilg;) vdg;gLk;. v.fh. jz;bd; cauk; - nel;il> Fl;il

2. Gwj;Njhw;wg; gz;GfSf;Ff; fhuzkhd FNuhNkhNrhk; my;yJ [Pd; mikg;G [Pdhf;fg; gz;G ([PNdhilg;) vdg;gLk;. v.fh. nel;il jd;ikf;fhd [Pd; mikg;G – TT (my;yJ) Tt

Fl;ilj; jd;ikf;fhd [Pd; mikg;G – tt

9. NtWghLfs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit?

1. xNu rpw;wpdj;ijj; rhh;e;j capupdq;fSf;fpilNaahd gz;Gfspd; khWghLfs; NtWghLfs; vdg;gLk;. NtWghLfs; vd;gd xNu rpw;wpd capupdq;fSf;F ,ilNaahd NtWghL> ,U NtWgl;l

rpw;wpdq;fSf;F ,ilNaahd NtWghL> Ngupdq;fSf;fpilNa fhzg;gLk; NtWghL MFk;. 2. tiffs; : 1. cly; nry; NtWghLfs; 2. ,d nry; NtWghLfs;

10. ,aw;ifj;Njh;T nfhs;ifia ntspapl;lth; ahh;? mjd; ,uz;L Nfhl;ghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

,aw;ifj; Nju;Tf; nfhs;ifia ntspapl;ltu; rhh;y]; lhh;tpd;. Nfhl;ghLfs;: 1) caphpdq;fspd; tho;tpaYf;fhd Nghuhl;;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWgitNa epiy epWj;jg;gLk;. 2) kugpay; khw;wq;fspy; Njhd;Wk; NtWghLfNs ghpzhkj;ij Vw;gLj;Jfpd;wd.

11. khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;Gg;nghUs;fs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; gad; ahJ? (nrg;-2016)

1. khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;Gg; nghUs;fs; vd;git Xhpd nry; vjph;g;G nghUl;fshFk;. 2. ,it i`gpupl;Nlhkh njhopy;El;gj;jpd; %yk; FNshd; nry;fshy; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ. 3. ,it Gw;WNeha;f;F vjpuhf gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd.

12. FNshd; vd;why; vd;d? fhy;eil mwptpaypy; FNshdpq; El;gk; vt;thW gaDs;sjhf ,Uf;fpwJ?

1. jkJ xw;iw kuG ngw;Nwhiu kl;LNk xj;Jf; fhzg;gLk; efy; FNshd; vdg;gLk; 2. Xu; caphpdj;jpd; xw;iw nry;iyf; nfhz;L mt;Taphpdj;jpd; mikg;gpYk; kuGg; gz;GfspYk;

xj;j xU caphpdj;ij cUthf;Fk; njhopy; El;gNk FNshdpq; MFk;. 2. FNshdpq; nray; El;gj;ij fhy;eil mwptpaypy; gad;gLj;jp gaDs;s tpyq;Ffspd; efy;fis

tpUk;gj;jf;f Kjph;e;j nry;fspd; %yk; FNshdpq; nra;J ngwKbAk;.





13. eha;fspd; Fiuf;Fk; gz;G> mikjpahd gz;gpw;F Xq;F jd;ikAilaJ. Gd;dl; fl;lj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp (Rr) [PNdhilg; nfhz;l ,U Fiuf;Fk; eha;fs; %yk; gpwf;f tha;g;Gs;s eha;f;Fl;bfspd; gz;Gfisf; $Wf.

1. Fiuf;Fk; gz;gpid Xq;F gz;ghf nfhz;l eha;fspd; [PNdhilg; Rr

2. Rr x Rr fyg;Gf;fhd Gd;dl; fl;lk;:

3. vdNt Rr – [PNdhilg; nfhz;l eha;fspd; re;jjpfspd;

gPNdhilg; tpfpjk; = 3 : 1

[PNdhilg; tpfpjk; = 1 : 2 : 1

4. eha;f;Fl;bfspd; gz;Gfs;: 3 gq;F eha;f;Fl;bfs; Fiuf;Fk; 1 gq;F eha;f;Fl;bfs; Fiuf;fhJ.

14. lhf;lh; Iahd; tpy;kl; mth;fspd; FNshdpq; Ma;tpd; %yk; cUthd lhyp Ml;Lf;Fl;b ghy;kb nry; ngwg;gl;l lhh;nrl; nts;isahl;il xj;jpUf;Fkh? my;yJ tsh;g;Gj; jhahd nrk;kwpahl;bid xj;jpUf;Fkh? fhuzk; $Wf.

1. ghy;kbnry; nry; ngwg;gl;l lhh;nrl; nts;isahl;ilNa xj;jpUf;Fk; 2. fhuzk;. FNuhNkhNrhk;fNs kuGg;gz;Gfisf; flj;Jfpd;wd. lhh;nrl; Ml;bd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf;

nfhz;l cl;fUNt FNshdpq; Kiwf;F gad;gl;bUg;gjhy; lhh;nrl; Ml;bd; gz;G eyd;fNs lhyp Ml;Lf;Fl;bf;Fk; ,Uf;Fk;.

15. G+r;rpf;nfhy;yp kUe;Jfspd; mjpfg; gad;ghl;bd; fhuzkhfg; G+r;rpfs; moptij tpl me;j kUe;jpw;F vjph;g;Gj;jd;ik nfhz;l Gjpa ,dkhf mit cUthfpwJ. ,jid lhh;tpdpd; ,aw;if Njh;Tf; Nfhl;ghL kw;Wk; ghpzhkj;NjhL vt;thW njhlh;GgLj;JtPh;fs;?

1. caphpdq;fspd; tho;tpaYf;fhd Nghuhl;;lj;jpy; ntw;wp ngWgitNa epiy epWj;jg;gLk; ,J ,aw;ifj; Njh;T Nfhl;ghL.

2. G+r;rpkUe;Jf;F jg;gpg;gpiof;Fk; G+r;rpfNs epiyepWj;jg;gLk;. 3. G+r;rp kUe;JfSf;fhd vjph;nghUs; cUthtjhYk; mjw;Nfw;wthW [Pd; mikg;G khWtjhYk;

mit mjpf vjph;g;Gj;jpwd; nfhz;l Gjpa ,dkhf cUntLf;fpd;wd. 4. ,j;jifa khw;wq;fNs gupzhkj;jpw;F mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wd.

16. Kjy; kUj;JthPjpahd [Pd; rpfpr;ir 1990k; Mz;L mbNdhird; b mikNd]; Fiwghl;L NehAila ehd;F taJ rpWkpf;F toq;fg;gl;lJ. ,Nj Nghd;W [Pd; rpfpr;ir Kiwapd; %yk; epue;jukhd jPh;T fhzg;gLk; rpfpr;ir Kiw gw;wpAk; mjd; tiffs; gw;wpAk; cq;fshy; $w KbAkh?

1) Mk;. ePupopT Neha;f;F [Pd; rpfpr;ir Kiwapy; jPu;T fhz KbAk;. 2) ePupopT Neha;f;Ff; fhuzkhd [Pid rhpnra;jy; %yNkh my;yJ Gjpa [Pid GFj;Jjy;

%ykhfNth ,e;Nehia Fzg;gLj;jyhk;. tiffs;:

1) Neha;f; FiwghLfSf;Ff; fhuzkhd [Pd;fis rupnra;tJ clw;nry; kugZ kUj;Jtk;. 2) ghjpg;gile;jtupd; ,dr;nry;fspd; [Pd;fis rupnra;tJ ,dr;nry; kugZ kUj;Jtk;.

,k;Kiwapy; rupnra;jhy; Nehahspapd; mLj;j jiyKiwia ePupopT NehapypUe;J fhg;ghw;wyhk;.

17. nghUe;jhj ,izfis fz;lwpf: (nrg; - 2016)

ep/g; [Pd; iel;u[d; epiyepWj;Jjy; tt my;yPy;fs; caphpr;rpg;Gfs; caphpfzpg;nghwpfis cUthf;f ,z;lh;nguhd;fs; ghf;Bhpah vjph;g;Gg; Gujk; ];nlk;nry; (%yr;nry;) khWghL milahj nry; FOkk;

1. nghUe;jhj ,iz ,z;lu;nguhd;fs;; - ghf;Bupah vjpu;g;Gg; Gujk; 2. fhuzk;: ,z;lu;nguhd; - itu];fSf;F vjpuhd Gujk;





18. lhf;lh; Iahd; tpy;kl; jdJ Ma;tpw;fhf MW taJila gp/d;lhh;nrl; nts;is nrk;kwpahl;bd; ghy;kb nry;ypd; cl;fUit (2n) gjg;gLj;jp gad;gLj;jpdhh;. mth; kw;nwhU Ml;by; ,Ue;J Xu; mz;l nry;ypid Nrfhpj;jhh;. ,jpypUe;J xw;iwika (n) cl;fUit ePf;fpdhh;. cl;fU ePf;fg;gl;l mz;l nry;ypDs; kbnry;ypy; ,Ue;J vLf;fg;gl;l ,ul;ilka cl;fUitr; nrYj;jpdhh;. gpd;G ,ul;ilika mz;l nry; tsh;g;Gj; jhahd nrk;kwp Ml;bd; fUg;igapy; gjpf;fg;gl;lJ. ,ul;il ika mz;l nry;ypy; ,Ue;J tsh;e;j ,sk; caphp lhyp vd miof;fg;gl;lJ. m) lhf;lh; Iahd; tpy;kl; Vd; kbnry;ypidj; Njh;e;njLj;jhh;? M) tiuaW : N`g;sha;L> bg;sha;L.

m) 1. nghJthf xw;iwka (n) FNuhNkhNrhk;fisf; nfhz;l cl;fUf;fNs ghypdg;ngUf;fj;jpy; <LgLfpd;wd. ,ul;ilka (2n) jd;ikiaf; nfhz;l cly;nry;fspypUe;J caphpdq;fis cUthf;f KbAk; vd;gij ep&gpf;f Ntz;Lk; vd mtu; tpUk;gpdhu;.

2. ,Uka cl;fU nfhz;l nry;fis ghy;kbapypUe;J Ml;Lf;F Nrjhuk; ,y;yhky; vLg;gJ Rygk;. vdNt Iahd; tpy;kl; ghy;kb nry;ypidj; Nju;e;njLj;jhu;.

M) 1. N`g;sha;L – xw;iwka nry;fs; v.fh: ,dr;nry;fs; 2. bg;sha;L – ,ul;ilka nry;fs; v.fh: clw;nry;fs;

19. fPOs;stw;Ws; jFe;j ,izfisg; nghUj;Jf: (khh;r; - 2016>17) (kUe;Jfs;> vhpnghUs;> Ez;Zaphp> tsh;rpij khw;wk;> fhpk mkpyq;fs;) m) jLg;G kUe;J M) ,aw;if thA ,) rpl;hpf; mkpyk;

<) khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;Gg;nghUs;fs; c) itl;lkpd;fs;

m) jLg;G kUe;J - Ez;Zaphp (vjpu;g;Gg; nghUs;) M) ,aw;if thA - vhpnghUs; ,) rpl;hpf; mkpyk; - fhpk mkpyk; <) khNdhFNshdy; vjph;g;GnghUs; - kUe;Jfs; (Gw;WNeha; vjpu;g;Gg;nghUs;) c) itl;lkpd;fs; - tsh;rpij khw;wk;

20. Njhl;lg; gl;lhzpr; nrbapy; nkz;lypdhy; fz;lwpag;gl;l tpij> kyhpd; Xq;F gz;GfisAk; xLq;F gz;GfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

gz;Gfs; Xq;F gz;G xLq;F gz;G tpij tbtk; cUz;il RUf;fk; tpij epwk; kQ;rs; gr;ir kyhpd; epwk; Cjh nts;is kyhpd; miktplk; Nfhzk; Edp

2. Neha;j;jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk;; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. kuh];k]; kw;Wk; Fth\pNahh;fh; Neha;fs; Gujf; Fiwghl;lhy; Vw;gLfpd;wd. kuh];k]; Neha; Fth\pNahh;fh; NehapypUe;J cg;gpa tapW kw;Wk; Kfj;jpy; tPf;fk; Mfpa mwpFwpfs; %yk; NtWgLfpd;wd. ,f;$w;W rhpah? jtwhf ,Ug;gpd; jpUj;jp vOJf. (khh;r;-14>17> nrg;-13>14)

1. $w;W jtW 2. jpUj;jg;gl;l $w;W:

kuh];k]; Neha; mwpFwpfs;: vilf;FiwT> fLikahd tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> vYk;G kPJ Njhy; Nghh;;j;jg;gl;lJ Nghd;w clyikg;G

Fth\pNahh;fh; Neha; mwpFwpfs; : cg;gpa tapW> Kfk; kw;Wk; fhy;fspy; tPf;fk;

2. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s clw;FiwghLfspy; jdpahd xd;iwj; jFe;j fhuzq;fSld; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. (jhyrpkpah> PNkhgpyPah> khiyf;fz;> my;gpdprk;> fjph; mhpths; ,uj;j Nrhif) ([d;-14>15)

1. ,itfspy; jdpahdJ khiyf;fz; Neha;. 2. fhuzq;fs;:

1) khiyf;fz; Neha; itl;lkpd; A Fiwghl;lhy; tUfpwJ. 2) jhyrpkpah> `PNkhgpyPah> my;gpdprk;> fjpu; mupths; ,uj;j Nrhif Mfpait kugpay;

Neha;fshFk;

3. rhjhuz rspahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l eghplk; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd mwpFwpfs; ahit? (khh;r;-13>16) i) …………………………………… ii) ………………………

1. Rthrg;ghij> mjd; Nkw;Gwq;fspy; ehrp vgpj;jPypa jpRf;fspd; tPf;fk;. 2. rsp xOFjy;> jiy typ> fha;r;ry;.





4. epwf;FUL NehapypUe;J khiyf;fz; Nehia NtWgLj;Jf.

vz; epwf;FUL khiyf;fz; Neha; 1. ,J xU kugpay; Neha;. ,J rj;J gw;whf;Fiw Neha;. 2. jpBu; khw;wkile;j xLq;F [Pd;fshy; Vw;gLfpwJ. itl;lkpd; A Fiwghl;lhy; tUfpwJ. 3. Neha; mLj;j re;jjpf;Fk; flj;jg;gLk;. re;jjpf;F flj;jg;glhJ.

5. gs;sp tpLjpapy; jq;fpAs;s xU khztdpd; Njhypy; mhpg;Gld; $ba mlh;e;j jbg;G fhzg;gl;lJ. ,ij mwpe;j tpLjpf; fhg;ghsh; kw;w khzth;fisg; ghjpf;fg;gl;l khzthpd; Jthiy> Mil> rPg;G Mfpatw;iwg; gfph;e;J nfhs;sf;$lhJ vd mwpTWj;Jfpwhh;. mk;khztUf;F Vw;gl;Ls;s Nehapd; ngah;> me;j Neha;f;fhd fhuzpiaf; fz;lwpf.

1. Neha;: glh;jhkiu 2. glh;jhkiuf;fhd fhuzpfs;: vgpnlh;Nkhigl;lhd;> ikf;Nuh];Nghuk;> l;iuf;Nfhigl;lhd; Nghd;w g+Q;irfs;

6. kNyhpah xl;Lz;zpiag; gug;Gk; g+r;rpia (Neha;gug;gp) $Wf. kpff; fLikahd kNyhpahf; fha;r;riy cUthf;fp ,wg;ig Vw;gLj;Jk; kNyhpah xl;Lz;zp vJ? 1. Neha;gug;gp: ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR 2. ,wg;ig cz;lhf;Fk; kNyhpa xl;Lz;zp: gpsh];Nkhbak; ghy;rpghuk;.

7. HIV-If; fz;lwpAk; Ma;T kw;Wk; cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;Tfs; ahit? ([d; -16> nrg;-16)

1. HIV fz;lwpAk; Neha;: viyrh (ELISA - Enzyme Linked Immuno Sorbent Assay)

2. HIV cWjpg;gLj;Jk; Ma;T: nt];l;lh;d; gpshl;

8. Kj;jLg;g+rp vd;why; vd;d? ,j;jLg;g+rp kUe;jpdhy; jLf;fg;gLk; %d;W Neha;fs; ahit?

1. %d;W tpjkhd ghf;Bupa Neha;fSf;fhd jLg;g+rp Kj;jLg;g+rp. (DPT) 2. jLf;fg;gLk; Neha;fs;: njhz;il milg;ghd;> ff;Fthd; ,Uky;> nll;lhd];.

9. jha;g;ghy; %yk; Foe;ijfSf;F vjph;nghUs; nry;tjhy; vj;jifa Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy; cz;lhfpwJ?

,aw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; cz;lhfpwJ.

10. fPo;f;fhz; thf;fpaq;fisg; gbj;J rhpah? jtwh? vd;W $Wf. i) epwf;FUL xU kugpay; Neha;> vdpy; khiyf;fz; Neha; rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L NehahFk;. ii) ngh;dPrpa]; mdPkpah xU rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L Neha; vdpy; rpf;fps; nry; mdPkpah xU kugpay;

Neha; / Fiwghl;L Neha;. iii) TT jLg;g+rp ghjpf;fg;gl;l Foe;ijf;F ke;jkhfg; ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy; vdpy; BCG jLg;g+rp

nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha; jLg;ghw;wiy mspf;fpwJ. iv) kNyhpah xU ghf;Bhpa Neha; vdpy; glh;jhkiu xU itu]; Neha;.

i) rhp ii) rhp iii) jtW (fhuzk;: ,uz;L jLg;G+rpfSk; nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;) iv) jtW (fhuzk;: kNyupah-GNuhl;NlhNrhth Neha;> glu;jhkiu – G+Q;ir Neha;)

11. ,uk;ahTf;F <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;, gy; MLjy; Kjypa cghijfs; cs;sd. Ma;e;jwpe;jjpy; ,it itl;lkpd; FiwghL vd;W fz;lwpag;gl;lJ.

,uk;ahtpd; czTg; gof;fj;jpy; gw;whf;FiwAs;s itl;lkpd; ……………, ,f;Fiwghl;L Neha;f;fhd ngau; …………… MFk;. (khu;r;-12>15)

1. itl;lkpd; C 2. ];fh;tp

12. (m)> (M) it (,) Ald; nghUj;Jf. ([d;12>13) m M ,

itl;lkpd;fs; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; Neha; mwpFwpfs; itl;lkpd; - A epf;NlhNyhgpah khiyf;fz; itl;lkpd; - B1 ];fh;tp euk;G FiwghL itl;lkpd; - C Hpf;fl;]; gw;fspy; ,uj;jf; frpT itl;lkpd; - D ,uj;jf; frpT vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT itl;lkpd; - K nghp nghp ,uj;jk; Fiwjy;





m M , itl;lkpd;fs; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; Neha; mwpFwpfs;

itl;lkpd; - A epf;NlhNyhgpah khiyf;fz; itl;lkpd; - B1 nghp nghp euk;G FiwghL itl;lkpd; - C ];fh;tp gw;fspy; ,uj;jf; frpT itl;lkpd; - D Hpf;fl;]; vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwT itl;lkpd; - K ,uj;jf; frpT ,uj;jk; Fiwjy;

13. xU Rfhjhu mYtyh; mg;gFjpapy; thOk; kf;fsplk; xNu Crpiag; gad;gLj;jp gyUf;Fg; gr;ir Fj;JjiyAk;> KbjpUj;jq;fspy; xNu gpNsL/fj;jp gyUf;Fg; gad;gLj;jp rtuk; nra;jy;> KbjpUj;Jjy; Ntz;lhk; vdTk; mwpTWj;Jfpwhh;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; ve;jf; nfhba Neha; guthky; jLf;fyhk;? NkYk; ePtph; mwpe;j jLg;G Kiwfisf; $Wf.

1) va;l;]; Nehia jtph;f;fyhk;. 2) jLg;G Kiwfs;:

i) ghJfhf;fg;gl;l ghYwT elj;ijfs; ii) ghJfhg;ghd ghYwT Kiwfs; iii) HIV ghpNrhjid nra;j ,uj;jk; nrYj;Jjy; iv) xU Kiw kl;Lk; gad;gLj;Jk; Crpfs; v) KbjpUj;jq;fspd; fj;jp gpNsL xUtUf;F xU Kiw kl;Lk; gad;gLj;JtJ vi) xNu Crpia gad;gLj;jp gr;irf; Fj;Jtij jtph;j;jy; Nghd;wit va;l;;]; Neha;f;fhd jLg;G Kiwfs;.

14. nghUj;Jf:

Neha;fs; mwpFwpfs; m) mkPgpf;rPjNgjp i) fLk; fha;r;rYk; gpd;G cly; Fsph;e;J eLf;fKk; tpl;Ltpl;Lj;njhlUk; M) fhrNeha; ii) Njhy;> efq;fspy; mhpg;Gld; $ba gil ,) glh;jhkiu iii) mbtapw;wpy; typAld; Nfhio kw;Wk; ,uj;jj;Jld; $ba kyk; <) kNyhpah iv) njhlh;r;rpahd ,Uky; kw;Wk; cly; vil Fiwjy;.

Neha;fs; mwpFwpfs; m) mkPgpf; rPjNgjp iii) mbtapw;wpy; typAld; Nfhio kw;Wk; ,uj;jj;Jld; $ba kyk; M) fhrNeha; iv) njhlh;r;rpahd ,Uky; kw;Wk; cly; vil Fiwjy;. ,) glh;jhkiu ii) Njhy;> efq;fspy; mhpg;Gld; $ba gil <) kNyhpah i) fLk; fha;r;rYk; gpd;G cly; Fsph;e;J eLf;fKk; tpl;Ltpl;Lj; njhlUk;.

15. guTjypd; mbg;gilapy; Neha;fis tifg;gLj;Jf. (ePhpd; %yk;> fhw;wpd; %yk;> ghypd njhlh;G %yk;)

1. fhyuh 2. ilgha;L 3. fhrNeha; 4. njhONeha; 5. rpgpyp]; 6. nfhNdhpah 7. epNkhdpah 8. rhjhuzr; rsp 9. mkPgpf; rPjNgjp 10. va;l;];

ePhpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;fs; : fhyuh> ilgha;L> mkPgpf; rPjNgjp fhw;wpd; %yk; guTk; Neha;fs; : fhrNeha;> epNkhdpah> rhjhuzr;rsp> njhONeha;. ghypdj; njhlh;G %yk; guTk; Neha;fs; : va;l;];> rpgpyp];> nfhNdupah

16. m) kdpjiu ngUkstpy; ghjpf;Fk; Neha;f;fhuzpfs; %d;wpidf; $Wf. M) AIDS Nghd;w itu]; njhw;WNeha;fSf;F kUe;J fz;Lgpbg;gJ kw;w Neha;fis tpl kpfTk;

fbdkhdJ. ,f; $w;W rhpah? jtwh? tpthjpf;f.

m) Neha;f;fhuzpfs;: 1. itu];fs; 2. ghf;Bhpahf;fs; 3. GNuhl;NlhNrhthf;fs; M) $w;W rhp.

1. AIDS Neha;f;F fhuzkhd HIV itu]; kdpjh;fspy; Md;bghbfis cUthf;Fk; CD4 kw;Wk; T-cjTk; nry;fis cUthf;Fk; ,uj;j nts;isaZf;fis mopj;J tpLfpwJ.

2. clypd; Neha; vjpu;g;ghw;wy; Fiwe;JtpLfpwJ. 3. ,jdhy; gy re;jh;g;gthj Neha;fis vjph;nfhs;;s Ntz;bapUf;fpwJ. 4. Neha; vjpu;g;ghw;wy; Fiwe;JtpLtjhy; ,e;j re;ju;g;gthj Neha;fis Fzkhf;FtJ fbdk;.

17. xU khztd; kPry;]; Nehapdhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;L Fzkile;jhh;. mtd; mwptpay; Mrphpah; mtdJ tho;f;ifapy; kPz;Lk; ,e;Neha; mtidj; jhf;fhJ vd;W $wpdhh;. ,f;$w;W rhpah? jtwh? fhuzk; $Wf.

1. rhp





2. fhuzk;: kPry;]; Nehahy; ghjpf;fg;gLk; NghJ mjw;F fhuzkhd Ez;Zaphpf;F vjpuhf vjph;nghUs; clypy; cUthfp „nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wyhf‟ ePz;lfhyj;jpw;F epiyj;jpUg;gjhy; kPry;]; kPz;Lk; me;j khztidj; jhf;fhJ.

18. kdpjhpy; glh;jhkiu Neha; cz;lhtjw;fhd Neha;f;fhuzpfs; ahit? mjd; mwpFwpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. fhuzpfs;: vgpnlh;Nkhigl;lhd;> ikf;Nuh];Nghuk;> l;iuf;Nfhigl;lhd; Nghd;w g+Q;irfs;. 2. mwpFwp: Njhy;> cNuhkk;> efk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; mhpg;Gld; $ba gil.

19. nghUe;jhjtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. m) AIDS: hpl;Nuh itu];> ypk;Nghirl;Lfs;> BCG, ELISA M) ghf;Bhpah Neha;fs;;: ntwpeha;f;fb> fhyuh> rhjhuzr;rsp> ,d;GSad;rh. ,) DPT jLg;g+rp: njhz;il milg;ghd;> fhrNeha;> ff;Fthd;> ,Uky;> nll;lhd];. <) kdpjdpy; gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; Neha;j; njhw;Wepiy: ];NghNuhRthapl;> kPNuhNrhapl;>

l;NuhNghNrhapl;> Nfkpl;Nlhirl;. c) kdg;ghpkhzk;: gsgsg;ghd Njhy;. ey;y tsh;rpij khw;wr; nray;ghLfs;> fz;fspy;

fUtisak; mw;wj;jd;ik> jd; gyk; kw;Wk; gytPdj;ij mwpe;j epiy.

m) BCG M) fhyuh ,) fhrNeha;. <) ];NghNuhRthapl; c) jd; gyk; kw;Wk; gytPdj;ij mwpe;j epiy

20. ghk;Gf; fbf;F vjph; eQ;R kUe;J jahhpg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd vjpu;g;nghUisf; Fjpiufspd; clypypUe;J cw;gj;jp nra;J> gad;gLj;jg;gl;L tUfpwJ. ,J ve;j tifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;?

nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

21. fPo;f;fhZk; Neha;fis tsh;rpij khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Neha; kugpay; Neha; my;yJ rj;Jf; Fiwg;ghl;L Neha; vd;W tifg;gLj;Jf. m) jhyrPkpah M) nghp-nghp ,) lahgb]; nky;ypl]; <) Fkpopr; rpWtd; Neha; c) ];fh;tp C) kuh];k]; v) cly; gUkd; V) my;rpkh; Neha; I) epf;NlhNyhgpah x) `PNkhgpypah

1. tsh;rpij khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; : lahgb]; nky;ypl];> cly; gUkd;> my;rpkh; Neha; 2. kugpay; Neha;fs; : jhyrPkpah> Fkpopr; rpWtd; Neha;> `PNkhgPypah 3. rj;Jf; Fiwg;ghl;L Neha;fs; : nghp-nghp> ];fh;tp> kuh];k];> epf;NlhNyhgpah

22. rhpahd $w;iwf; fz;Lgpbf;f (rhp / jtW) m) fhrNeha;> ikf;Nfhghf;Bhpak; ba+gh;FNshrp]; vDk; ghf;Bhpahthy; cUthfpwJ. M) ilgha;L> l;iuNfhigl;lhd; vd;Dk; g+Q;irahy; cUthfpwJ. ,) kNyhpah> gpsh];Nkhbak; itthf;rpdhy; cUthfpwJ. <) ,d;GSad;rh> vz;lkPgh `p];lhiybfh vd;Dk; GNuhl;NlhNrhthtpdhy; cUthfpwJ.

m) rup M) jtW ,) rhp <) jtW

23. ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR %yk; ];NghNuhRtha;Lfs; xU kdpjdpd; clypy; Eioe;jTlNd kNyhpah fha;r;ry; mtUf;F Vw;gLtjpy;iy. Vd;? tpsf;Ff.

1. ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR %yk; ];NghNuhRtha;Lfs; kdpjd; clypy; Eiofpd;wd. 2. mit fy;yPuy; nry;fspy; ngUfp gpd;dh; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fisj; jhf;fp ntbf;f nra;fpwJ. 3. ,jd; fhuzkhf `PNkhNrhapd; vd;w er;Rg; nghUs; ntspg;gl;l gpd;dNu fha;r;ry; Vw;gLfpwJ.

24. gpsh];Nkhbak; tho;f;if Row;rpapd; epiyfisf; fz;lwpf: m) nfhR kdpjDs; kNyhpah fpUkpia cl;nrYj;Jjy;. M) NehAw;w kdpjiu mdhgpy]; ngz;nfhR fbf;Fk; nghOJ gpsh];Nkhbak; nfhRtpd;

clYf;Fs; nry;Yjy;.

m) ];NghNuhRthapl; epiy (fy;yPuy; Row;rp) M) Nfkpl;Nlhirl; epiy (];NghNuhNrhth cUthf;f Row;rp)

25. <f;fshy; gutf;$ba Neha;fs; ,uz;bidf; $Wf. me;Neha;fis Vw;gLj;Jk; Neha;f; fhuzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf. 1. ilgha;L – rhy;Nkhdy;yh il/g;gp





2. mkPgpf; rPjNgjp - vz;lkpgh `p];Nlhiybfh.

26. fPo;f;fhZk; epuy; glj;ij cw;WNehf;Ff.

fPNo nfhLf;fg;;;;gl;l ml;ltizapypUe;J „x‟ – d; Neha;f;fhuzp kw;Wk; tsh;rpij khw;wf; Fiwghl;L Nehiaf; $Wf.

Fiwghl;L Neha; fhuzp m) lahgb]; ,d;rpgpl]; ADH `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL M) lahgb]; nky;ypl]; ,d;Rypd; `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL ,) fNuhdhp ,ja Neha; ,ja jirfSf;F ,uj;jk; mspf;Fk; jkdpapy; milg;G. <) rpWePuf nraypog;G ,uj;jj;ij tbfl;Lk; neg;uhdpd; nraypog;G

M) lahgb]; nky;ypl]; - ,d;Rypd; `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL

3. kdpj cly; cWg;G kz;lyq;fspd; mikg;Gk; nray;ghLfSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. clw;nraypay; nray;ghLfisf; fl;Lg;gLj;;Jk; kw;Wk; xUq;fpizf;Fk; gzpiar;nra;Ak; ,uz;L cWg;G kz;lyq;fs; ahit? mtw;wpw;fpilNa cs;;s NtWghL xd;wpidf; $Wf.

1) euk;G kz;lyk; 2) ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk; vz; euk;G kz;lyk; ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk; 1. Jz;ly; Jyq;fy;fis kpd;Jz;lyhff; flj;JfpwJ. `hu;Nkhd;fs; %yk; nray;gLfpwJ 2. ,aw;gpay; nray;ghLfis xUq;fpizf;fpwJ cWg;GfSf;fpilNa Ntjp

xUq;fpizg;gpid nray;gLj;JfpwJ. 2. nkLy;Nyl;ll; epa+uhd;fis nkLy;Nyl;ll; mw;w epa+uhd;fsplkpUe;J NtWgLj;Jf. mit euk;G

kz;lyj;jpy; vq;F fhzg;gLfpd;wd?

vz; nkLNyl;ll; epA+uhd;fs; nkLNyl;ll; mw;w epA+uhd;fs; 1. ntz;ik epw epA+uhd;fs; rhk;gy; epw epA+uhd;fs; 2. ntz;ikahd nfhOg;G kw;Wk; ikaypd;

ciwahy; %lg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; ikaypd; ciwahy; %lg;glhJ ,Uf;Fk;.

nkLy;Nyl;ll; epa+uhd;fs; %isapd; ntz;ik gFjpapYk; nkLy;Nyl;ll; mw;wit ngU%isapd; rhk;gy; gFjpapYk; fhzg;gLk;.

3. ,jaj; Jbg;G> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w nray;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk; %isapd; gFjp ahJ? mJ %isapd; ve;jg; gFjpapy; mike;Js;sJ?

1. KFsk; 2. ,J gpd;%isapy; cs;sJ. (jz;Ltlj;NjhL ,izAk; %isapd; filrpg; gFjp KFsk;)

4. fhh;Nghuh Fthl;hpn[kpdh vd;why; vd;d? mJ vj;jifa gzpfSld; njhlh;GilaJ?

1. eL%isapd; KJFg; gf;fj;jpy; ehd;F miutl;;l Nfhsq;fs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,it fhh;Nghuh Fthl;hpn[kpdh MFk;.

2. ,it ghh;j;jypd; mdpr;ir nray;fs;> ghh;itapd; rhh;G ,af;fj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> xOq;FgLj;Jjy; Nghd;w gzpfNshL njhlh;GilaJ.

5. ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfs; vd;why; vd;d? ,e;jr; Rug;gpfs; Ruf;Fk; Rug;Gg; nghUs;fs; ahit? mit cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fspypUe;J nrayhw;Wk; ,lq;fSf;F vt;thW vLj;Jr; nry;yg;gLfpd;wd?

1. ekJ cly; nraypay; epfo;Tfis Ntjpapay; xUq;fpizg;G %yk; jd;dpiy guhkhpf;Fk; Rug;gpfNs ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;.

2. ,it Ruf;Fk; nghUl;fs; `hh;Nkhd;fs;. 3. mit cw;gj;jpahFk; ,lq;fspypUe;J nrayhw;Wk; ,lq;fSf;F ,uj;jj;jpd; %yk; vLj;Jr;

nry;yg;gLfpd;wd.

6. gpd;tUk; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; ngah;fisf; $Wf. m) ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; elj;Jdh; M) ,ul;ilr; Rug;gp





m) ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfspd; elj;Jdu; : gpl;a+l;lhp Rug;gp M) ,ul;ilr; Rug;gp : fizak;

7. ve;j `hh;Nkhd;fs; gpd;tUkhW miof;fg;gLfpwJ? m) MSik `hh;Nkhd; M) rz;il> gwf;Fk; kw;Wk; gaKWj;Jk; `hh;Nkhd;

m) MSik `hu;Nkhd;: ijuhf;]pd; M) rz;il> gwf;Fk; kw;Wk; gaKWj;Jk; `hu;Nkhd;: ml;hPdypd; kw;Wk; ehu;ml;uPdypd;

8. Mz;> ngz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hh;Nkhd;fisf; $Wf. mjd; gzpfisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. Mz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hu;Nkhd; - nl];Nlh];bNuhd; my;yJ Mz;l;Nuh[d;. gzpfs;: tpe;J nry; cw;gj;jp> Mz;fspd; ,uz;lhk;epiy ghy; gz;Gfis jPu;khdpj;jy;

2. ngz; ,dg;ngUf;f `hu;Nkhd;fs; - <];l;Nuh[d;> GNuhn[];bNuhd;> upyhf;]pd; gzpfs;: <];l;Nuh[d;: ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfspd; tsu;r;rp> ,uz;lhk;epiy ghy;gz;Gfis jPu;khdpj;jy;. GNuhn[];bNuhd;: khjtplha; Row;rp kw;Wk; fu;g;gepiyia guhkupj;jy;. upyhf;]pd;: kfg;Ngwpd;NghJ ,Lg;G jirfis jsu;j;jp Foe;ij gpwg;ig vspjhf;Fjy;

9. kpah]p]; -I d; ve;nje;j Jizepiyfspy; gpd;tUk; epfo;Tfs; eilngWfpd;wd? m) xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,izTWjy; M) Edp miljy; ,) FWf;Nf fyj;jy; <) ];gpz;by; fjph; mikg;G cUthjy;

m) irf;NfhBd; M) bg;NshBd; ,) ghf;fpBd; <) ilahifdrp];

10. fPOs;s glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;stw;wpy; VNjDk; ,uz;L ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. (nry; clyk;> Mf;]hd;, nlz;buhd;, fpisj;j KbTg; gFjpfs;) (khh;r;-2014> [d;-2012>13>16> nrg;-12>14)

11. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpj %isapy; gpd;tUk; nray;fisf; fl;LgLj;Jk; gFjpfis KiwNa m> M vdf; Fwpf;f (khu;r; 2012>13>15> [d; 2012> nrg;-15)

m) Efh;jy; czUk;; gFjp M) ghh;it czUk;; gFjp

12. nray;fspd; mbg;gilapy; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;stw;wpy; cupa $w;Wfisj; Njh;e;njLf;f. (khu;r;

2013> [d; 2012) m) gpl;A+l;lhpr; Rug;gp `hh;Nkhd;fisAk;, nehjpfisAk; Ruf;fpwJ. M) ijuha;L Rug;gp ijuhf;]pd; kw;Wk; ,d;Rypid Ruf;fpwJ. ,) yPbf; nry;fs; nl];Nlh];buhd; `hh;Nkhid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd.

M) ghu;it czUk; gFjp m) Efu;jy; czUk; gFjp





<) fizak; nehjpfisAk;, `hh;NkhidAk; Ruf;fpd;wJ.

rupahd $w;Wfs;: ,) yPbf; nry;fs; nl];Nlh];buhd; `hh;Nkhid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. <) fizak; nehjpfisAk;, `hh;NkhidAk; Ruf;fpd;wJ.

13. fPOs;s $w;Wfs; jtwhf ,Ug;gpd; rupahd $w;wpid vOJf. ([d; 2012> khh;-13>15) m) My;ghnry;fs; ,d;Rypid cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd. gPl;lhnry;fs; FSNfhfhid cw;gj;jp

nra;fpd;wd M) fhh;l;bNrhd; Neha; vjph;g;Gj; jd;ikia Fiwf;fpd;wJ. ,) ijk]; Rug;gp xU epzePHj; njhFjp. <) mz;lfk; Kl;ilfisAk;> Mz;l;Nuh[idAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpwJ.

rupahd $w;Wfs;: m) My;gh nry;fs; FSNfhfhidAk;> gPl;lh nry;fs; ,d;RypidAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wd.

<) mz;lfk; Kl;ilfisAk;> <];l;Nuh[idAk; cw;gj;jp nra;fpd;wJ.

14. kdpjhpy; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp kz;lyk; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit xt;nthd;Wk; rhpah? my;yJ jtwh? vdf; $Wf. m) ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp kz;lyk; tsh;r;rp> ,dg;ngUf;fk;> tho;itj; njhlh;e;J NgZjy; Kjypa

,aw;nray;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jTk;> xUq;fpizf;fTk; nra;fpwJ. M) vz;Nlhfpiud; Rug;gpfs; ahTk; ehsKs;s Rug;gpfs; ; mit Ruf;ff;$ba

Ntjpg;nghUs;fSf;F `hh;Nkhd;fs; vd;W ngah;. ,) fizak; vd;gJ ,ul;ilr; Rug;gp. <) ijk]; Rug;gpapd; Nfhshwpdhy; Kd;fOj;Jf; foiy Vw;gLfpwJ.

m) rhp M) jtW (fhuzk;: vz;Nlhfpiud; Rug;gpfs; ehskpy;yh Rug;gpfs;) ,) rhp <) jtW. (fhuzk;: ijuha;L Nfhshwhy; Kd;fOj;Jf; foiy Vw;gLfpwJ.)

15. fPo;f;fhZk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf. mbNdhi`Nghigrp];

`hh;Nkhd;fs; nray;fs; kw;Wk; NfhshWfs;

nrhkl;Nlhl;Nuhgpf; `hh;Nkhd;fs; /

tsh;;r;rp `hh;Nkhd; (STH/GH)

ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; tsh;r;rpiaj; Jz;b ijuhf;]pd; cw;gj;jpiaj; Jz;Lk;.

mbNdhi`Nghigrp]; `hh;Nkhd;fs;

nray;fs; kw;Wk; NfhshWfs;

nrhkl;Nlhl;Nuhgpf; `hh;Nkhd;fs; / tsh;;r;rp `hh;Nkhd; (STH/GH)

1) tsh;r;rp fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy; 2) Fiw Rug;G Fs;sj;jd;ik (rpwpath;fs;) 3) kpif Rug;G - mRu tsh;r;rp (rpwpath;fs;) 4) kpif Rug;G - nghpath;fspd; mf;Nuhnkfhyp

ijNuhl;Nuhg;gpf;/ ijuha;L Jz;Lk; `hh;Nkhd; (TSH)

ijuha;L Rug;gpapd; tsh;r;rpiaj; Jz;b ijuhf;]pd; cw;gj;jpiaj; Jz;Lk;.

16. fPNo cs;s glj;ij tiue;J nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd; cjtpahy; ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;f.

m) ,J rpWePufj;jpd; kPJ mike;Js;s Rug;gp. M) ,J Ruf;Fk; `hh;Nkhd;fs; My;Nlh];BNuhd; kw;Wk;

fhh;bN]hd; MFk;. (khh;r;-2017>[d;-2015> nrg;-2013>15>16)

m) ml;uPdy; Rug;gp M) ml;uPdy; fhu;nlf;];





17. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;l epa+uhd;fspd; tiffis tiue;J ,dk; fhz;f.

m) xU Kid epa+uhd; M) ,U Kid epa+uhd; ,) gy Kid epa+uhd;.

18. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kpahrp]; nry; gphpjy; gw;wpa nrhw;nwhlu;fspy; rhpah? my;yJ jtwh? vdf; Fwpg;gpLf. m) ,J clw;nry;fspy; epfo;fpwJ. M) kpahrp]; Fd;wy; gFg;G vdTk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ. ,) xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,iztJ FWf;Nf fyj;jy; vdg;gLfpwJ. <) kpahrp]; NtWghLfisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ. mJNt ghpzhkj;jpw;F %yg;nghUs;fshf

mikfpd;wd.

m) jtW M) rhp ,) jtW <) rhp

19. ml;ltizapy; cs;stw;iw nghUj;Jf.

m) nyg;NlhBd; i) cl;fUr;rt;T> cl;fUkzp kiwjy;. M) irNfhl;Bd; ii) Edp miljy; ,) bg;NshBd; iii) ,izTWjy;> rpdhg;rp];> ,ul;ilfs; <) ilahifdrp]; iv) FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; RUf;fkile;J Ey;Nghy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

m) nyg;NlhBd; iv) FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; RUf;fkile;J Ey;Nghy; Njhd;Wfpd;wd. M) irNfhl;Bd; iii) ,izTWjy;> rpdhg;rp];> ,ul;ilfs;. ,) bg;NshBd; ii) Edp miljy;. <) ilahifdrp]; i) cl;fUr;rt;T> cl;fUkzp kiwjy;.

20. xUth; ,U rf;fu thfdj;jpy; jiyftrk; mzpahky; gazpf;fpwhh;. mth; rhiy tpgj;jpy; jiyapy; gyj;j fhak; milfpwJ. kUj;Jtkidf;F nry;tjw;F Kd;ghfNt ,ja nraypog;G kw;Wk; %r;R jpzwyhy; ,we;JtpLfpwhh;. mtuJ %isapd; vg;gFjpapd; ghjpg;ghy; caphpog;G Vw;gl;lJ. cq;fs; tpilf;F rhpahd tpsf;fk; jUf.

1) %isapd; KFsk; gFjp ghjpg;gile;jhy; mth; ,we;JNghthh;. 2) fhuzk;: ,jaj;Jbg;G ,uj;jf; Foy;fs; RUf;fk;> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w mdpr;ir nray;fspd;

ikakhf ,J tpsq;FfpwJ. KFsk; NkNyWk; kw;Wk; fPopwq;Fk; euk;Gg; ghijfis xUq;fpizf;Fk; topj;jlkhFk;.

21. nghUj;Jf: gl;bay; - I gl;bay; - II tpilfs; m) thNrhgpu];rpd; Neha; jLg;G - lahngB]; ,d;rpgpl]; M) ,d;Rypd; lahngB]; ,d;rpgpl]; - lahngB]; nkypl]; ,) Mf;]pNlhrpd; lahngB]; nkypl]; - fUg;ig RUq;f> tphpar; nra;jy; <) ijNkhrpd; fUg;ig RUq;f> tphpar; nra;jy; - Neha; jLg;G

22. fPo;f;fhz; tiuglk; cly; cWg;GfspypUe;J ika euk;G kz;lyj;jpw;F euk;Gj;Jz;ly; flj;jg;gLk; ghijfis Fwpg;gpLfpwJ. ,jid cw;WNehf;fp gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp.

m) fhuzk;: kpahrp]; ,dg;ngUf;fnry;fspy; eilngWk; ,) fhuzk;: xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,izAWtJ rpdhg;rp];.

FNuhNkhbl;LfSf;fpilNa gupkhw;wk; Vw;gLtJ FWf;Nf fyj;jy;





,uz;L ghijfspy; cs;s midj;J euk;GfSk; tbtj;jpYk;> jbkdpYk; xNu khjphpahf cs;sJ

vdpy; ve;j ghij euk;G Jz;liy tpiuthf flj;Jk;. Vd;?

ghij P euk;Gj;Jz;liy tpiuthff; flj;Jk;. fhuzk;: 1) mjpy; euk;G nry;fspd; vz;zpf;if FiwT.

2) euk;Gnry;fSf;F ,ilNaahd ,ilntspfs; FiwT. ,ilntspfspy; Ntjpg;nghUs; ntspaPL kw;Wk; czu;jy; %yk; flj;jg;gLfpwJ. ghij Papy; ,ilntsp Fiwthd vz;zpf;ifapy; ,Ug;gjhy; flj;jy; Ntfk; mjpfkhFk;.

23. ,Utpjkhd gzpfis nra;Ak; Rug;gp vJ? Vd;?

1) fizak;. 2) fhuzk;: fizak; ehskpy;yh Rug;gpahf `hu;Nkhd;fisAk;> ehsKs;s Rug;gpahf

nehjpfisAk; Rue;J ,Utpjkhd gzpfisr; nra;fpwJ.

24. xU 16 taJ rpWtd; Mz;ghy; gz;Gfs; ,y;yhikf;fhf> kUj;Jthplk; mioj;J tug;gl;lhd;. (kPir / jhb / fufug;ghd Fuy; / gue;j Njhs;fs;)

ghpNrhjidf;Fg; gpwF kUj;Jth; ,J xU `hh;Nkhd; FiwghL kw;Wk; Fwpg;gpl;l ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gp ,lk; khwp mike;Js;sijAk; fz;lwpe;jhh;. rpWtdpd; Fiwghl;Lf;Ff; fhuzkhd ehskpy;yh Rug;gpiaAk;> mjd; `hh;NkhidAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

1. ehskpy;yh Rug;gp - tpe;jfk; 2. `hu;Nkhd; - nl];Nlh];BNuhd; (Mz;l;Nuh[d;)

4 - jhtuq;fspy;; ,dg;ngUf;fk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. ghypyh kw;Wk; ghy; ,dg;ngUf;f KiwfSf;fpilNa cs;s NtWghLfs; ,uz;bid vOJf.

ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk; ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; 1) Mz; ngz; ghypdq;fs; Njitapy;iy Mz; ngz; vd;w ,U ghypdq;fs; mtrpak;. 2) xU nry; caphpfspYk; fPo;epiy

jhtuq;fspYk; eilngWfpwJ. Nkk;gl;l jhtuq;fspYk; Nkk;gl;l tpyq;FfspYk; fhzg;gLtJ.

3) ];Nghh;fspd; %yk; eilngWfpwJ. kfue;jNrh;f;if kw;Wk; fUTWjy; %yk; eilngWfpwJ.

2. cly ,dg;ngUf;fk; vd;gJ vd;d? m) gpiuNahgpy;yk; M) ];igNuhifuhtpy; fhzg;gLk; cly ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfs; ahit?

rpy jhtuq;fs; Vw;fdNt cs;s jq;fs; cly; cWg;GfspypUe;J Gjpa jhtuq;fisj; Njhw;Wtpf;fpd;wd. ,J cly ,dg;ngUf;fk; MFk;.

m) gpiuNahgpy;yk; : nkhl;LtpLjy; my;yJ mUk;Gjy; Kiw M) ];igNuhifuh : Jz;lhjy; Kiw.

3. jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ghypdg;ngUf;f epfo;Tfisr; rhpahd Kiwapy; thpirg;gLj;Jf. tpij cUthf;fk;> kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if> tpij guTjy;> fUTWjy;.

kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if fUTWjy; tpij cUthf;fk; tpij guTjy;

4. tiuaWf;f: kfue;jNrh;f;if. 1. kfue;j igapypUe;J kfue;j Jfs;fs; #yf Kbiar; nrd;wilAk; nraYf;F kfue;j Nrh;f;if

vd;W ngah;. 2. kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;hd Gwf;fhuzpfs;: fhw;W> ePu;> G+r;rpfs;> tpyq;Ffs;

5. tiuaWf;f: fUTWjy; mz;lj;Jld; Mz; Nfkpl; ,ize;J irNfhl; cUthFk; epfo;tpw;F fUTWjy; vd;W ngau;.

6. gpd;;tUtdtw;wpy; fhzg;gLk; kfue;jNrh;f;iff;fhd fhuzpfisf; ngahpLf. m) ey;y kzKk; Njd;Rug;gpAk; nfhz;l gy tz;zq;fis nfhz;l kyh;fs;.





M) epwkw;wJ/ kzkw;wJ/ Njd; Rug;G mw;wJ. Mdhy; kfue;jj;Jfs;fs; cyu;e;j> ,Nyrhd Js;fshf ,Uf;Fk;. #y;Kb ,wF Nghd;W fhzg;gLk;.

Nkw;fz;l ,uz;L tif kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if eilngWk; jhtuq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

m) g+r;rpfs;> tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rpfs;> NjdPf;fs;. (vz;lNkh/gpyp) vLj;Jf;fhl;L my;yp> nrk;gUj;jp. M) fhw;W. (mdpNkh/gpyp)

vLj;Jf;fhl;L kf;fhr;Nrhsk;> Gw;fs;> igd;.

7. fPo;f;fhZk; m) kw;Wk; M) epfo;TfSf;Fg; ngahpl;L ,e;epfo;Tfspd; Kbtpy; cUthFk; cl;fUtpd; jd;ikia Fwpg;gpLf.

m) Mz; NfkPl; (n) + mz;lk; (n) = irNfhl; (2n). M) Mz; NfkPl; (n) + ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fU (2n) = fUt+z; cl;fU (3n).

m) epfo;tpd; ngau; : fUTWjy; fUtpd; jd;ik : ,Ukaj; jd;ik (2n)

M) epfo;tpd; ngau; : ,ul;il fUTWjy; (%tpizT) fUtpd; jd;ik : Kk;kaj; jd;ik (3n)

,J fUTf;F czt+l;lk; mspg;gJ.

8. jFe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; cyh; ntbfdpfis cyh; ntbahf; fdpfspypUe;J NtWgLj;Jf.

cyh; ntbfdp cyh; ntbahfdp fdp Kjph;e;j gpd; ntbj;J tpijfis ntspNaw;Wk;.

fdp Kjph;e;jhYk; ntbg;gjpy;iy. fdpapd; ntspg;Gwj;Njhy; mOfpa gpd; tpijfs; ntspg;gLk;.

v.fh: gl;lhzp> gUj;jp. v.fh: me;jpke;jhiu> ney;.

9. xU tpj;jpiy> ,U tpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.

xU tpj;jpiyiaf; nfhz;Ls;s tpijfs; xUtpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;. v.fh: ney;> kf;fhr;Nrhsk;. ,U tpj;jpiyfisf; nfhz;Ls;s tpijfs; ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtuq;fs;. v.fh: gl;lhzp> mtiu.

10. fPo;f;fhZk; fdp/tpij guTk; KiwfSf;Fj; jFe;j nrhw;nwhlh; jUf. xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.

m) fhw;wpy; guTjy; - mdpNkhNfhhp. v.fh: l;iulhf;];> vUf;F. M) ePhpy; guTjy; - i`bNuhNfhhp. v.fh: jhkiu> njd;id. ,) tpyq;Ffshy; guTjy; - #Nfhhp. v.fh: ehAUtp> rhe;jpak;.

11. fPo;f;fhZk; fdp/tpij guTk; KiwfSf;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.

m) gwitfspd; fopTfs; %yk; - v.fh: jf;fhsp> nfha;ah> Ntk;G. M) kdpjd; %yk; - v.fh: rpd;Nfhdh> ,ug;gh;> a+fypg;l];.

12. ,ul;ilf;fUTWjy; vd;why; vd;d? kfue;jr; Nrh;f;iff;Fg; gpwF cUthFk; ,uz;L Mz; NfkPl;Lfspy; xd;W mz;lj;JlDk;

kw;nwhd;W ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTlDk; ,iztJ ,ul;ilf; fUTWjy; vdg;gLk;.

13. %tpizT vd;why; vd;d? ,Ukaj; jd;ik nfhz;l ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTld; (2n) ,uz;lhtJ Mz; NfkPl; (n) ,ize;J

fUT+iz (3n) cUthf;FtJ %tpizT vdg;gLk;.

14. m) glk; A,B ia milahsk; fhz;f. M) Aapd; vg;ghfk; BMf khWfpwJ? (khh;-16> [d;-16)

m) A-#yftl;lk; B-fdp (l;&g;) M) #y;ig fdpahf khWfpwJ.

15. caphpdq;fSk; mtw;wpd; ,dg;ngUf;f KiwfSk; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. ,dg;ngUf;f Kiwfis mjw;Fupa caphpdq;fNshL nghUj;Jf. ([d; 2013>2014>2015)

gpsj;jy; ];igNuhifuh <];l; mUk;Gjy; GNuhl;NlhNrhtd;fs; jl;il GOf;fs;





Jz;lhjy; gpiuNah/gpy;yk; ghf;Bhpaq;fs;

gpsj;jy; GNuhl;NlhNrhtd;fs; ghf;Bhpaq;fs; mUk;Gjy; gpiuNah/gpy;;yk; <];;l; Jz;lhjy; ];igNuhifuh jl;ilGOf;fs;

16. $l;Lf;fdp ……… d; midj;J kyh;fspypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ. ………….. fdpahdJ xU kyhpd; ,izahj gy#yf ,iyfisf; nfhz;l Nky;kl;lr; #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ. (khh;r;-13)

$l;Lf;fdp xU kQ;rhpapd; midj;J kyh;fspypUe;Jk; cUthfpwJ. jpus; fdpahdJ xU kyhpd; ,izahj gy#yf ,iyfisf; nfhz;l Nky;kl;lr; #w;igapypUe;J cUthfpwJ.

17. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ij tiue;J fPOs;s ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. m. vf;ird; M. Foha; epA+f;spa]; (khh;r;-15>17> nrg;-14)

18. fdpfSk;/tpijfSk; guTjy; - nghUj;Jf. tpilfs;

m) Ml;NlhNfhhp i) jhkiu - ghy;rk; M mdpNkhNfhhp ii) biulhf;]; - biulhf;]; ,) i`bNuhNfhhp iii) ]he;jpak; - jhkiu <) #Nfhhp iv) ghy;rk; - ]he;jpak;

19. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jFe;j nrhw;Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;L gj;jpia epug;Gf. (tpij> fdp> kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if> guTjy;> fUTWjy;> Kisj;jy;> kyh;fs;> ,dg;ngUf;fk;) uhK jd; je;ijAld; taYf;Fr; nrd;whd;. mtd; rpwpjsT fLF tpijfisj; Jtpdhd;. rpy ehs;fSf;Fg; gpwF> tpijfs; …….. I ftdpj;jhd;. me;j tpijfs; jhtuq;fshf tsh;r;rp mile;J ……. fisj; Njhw;Wtpj;jd. ,e;j kyh;fs; cUthf;fpa kfue;jj;Js; …………. %yk; #y;Kbia mile;jd. ………. epfo;tpd; NghJ Mz; NfkPl; mz;lj;Jld; ,izfpwJ.

1. Kisj;jy; 2. kyh;fs; 3. kfue;j Nrh;f;if 4. fUTWjy;

20. njd;idapy;> fdp ePhpd; %yk; (i`bNuhNfhhp) guTfpd;wJ. Njq;fha; fhw;wpd; %yk; (mdpNkhNfhhp) guTtjhf fUjpdhy;> mJ ngw;wpUf;f Ntz;ba jftikg;Gfs; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf.

m) fhw;wpy; ntFJuk; kpje;J nry;y Ntz;Lkhdhy; rpwpajhfTk; ,NyrhfTk; Jfs;fshfTk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

M) fhw;wpy; vLj;Jr; nry;tjw;F VJthf Nkw;gug;gpy; tshpfSk; rt;T Nghd;w ,wFfSk; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;.

5 – ghYl;bfs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3) 1. ghYl;bfSf;Fhpa jdpg; gz;Gfs; ,uz;bidf; Fwpg;gpLf. ghYl;bfSf;Fhpa jdpg; gz;Gfs;: 1) Gw mLf;F cNuhkq;fs; 2) ghy; Rug;gpfs;

2. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; xt;nthd;wpw;Fk; ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf. m) mirNghLk; tpyq;Ffs; M) fly;tho; ghYl;bfs;

m) mirNghLk; tpyq;Ffs; - ML> khL. M) fly;tho; ghYl;bfs; - jpkpq;fyk;> lhy;gpd;.

3. ghYl;bfspy;; fhzg;gLk; gy;yikg;G ahJ? ahidapd; je;jk; vjd; khWghL? ([d; 2016) m) khkpr cz;zpfspy; khkprj;ij fpopg;gjw;F Vw;w Kd;gw;fSk; jhtu cz;zpfspy;

mirNghLtjw;F Vw;w filtha; gw;fSk; nfhwpf;Fk; tpyq;FfSf;F nfhwpg;gjw;F Vw;w Kd;gw;fSk; cs;sd.

M) ahidf;F ntl;Lk; gw;fs; je;jq;fshf khwp gy;NtW gzpfis Nkw;nfhs;fpd;wd.

4. ghiytdr; #oypy; tho xl;lfk; ngw;Ws;s jftikg;Gfspy; ehd;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf. (khh;r;-2017)





1) kpfTk; jbkdhd Njhy; 2) ePiu <h;j;Jitj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; M];khl;bf; nry;fs; 3) kzw;fhw;W jhf;fhj mlh;j;jpahd fz; GUtq;fs;. 4) kzy; Gfhj ehrpj;Jisfs;. 5) kzypy; elg;gjw;Nfw;w nkj;ij Nghd;w ghjq;fs;.

5. kPnahyp vjpnuhypj;jy; %yk; vjph;g;gLk; nghUs;fis mwpjy; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;L; jUf. 1. kPnahypia ntspg;gLj;jp mit vjpu;gLk; nghUl;fspy; gl;L jpUk;gp tUk;NghJ mij czu;jy;

%yk; mg;nghUl;fis fz;lwptJ ‘kPnahyp vjpnuhypj;jy; %yk; vjpu;gLk; nghUl;fis fz;lwpjy;’. 2. v.fh ,utpy; cyhTk; ntsthy; gwf;Fk; NghJ cah;Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; kPnahypia

ntspg;gLj;Jjy; %yk; gwf;Fk; g+r;rpfs; kw;Wk; vjph;gLk; nghUl;fis mwpe;Jnfhs;fpwJ.

6. ghYl;bfspd; ,jaj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; thy;TfisAk; mtw;wpd; miktplq;fisAk; vOJf. 1. %tpjo; thy;T - tyJ Mhpf;fps; kw;Wk; tyJ ntz;l;upf;fps; ,ilNa 2. <hpjo; thy;T - ,lJ Mhpf;fps; kw;Wk; ,lJ ntz;l;upf;fps; ,ilNa 3. gy;kdhpthy;T - EiuaPuy; jkdp Njhd;Wk; ,lj;jpy; 4. ngUe;jkdp thy;T - kfhngUe;jkdp Njhd;Wk; ,lj;jpy;

7. ghYl;bfspd; jkdp> rpiufs; ,tw;wpf;fpilNa cs;s NtWghLfspy; ehd;fpidf; Fwpg;gpLf. vz; jkdpfs; rpiufs; 1. ,jaj;jpypUe;J Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l Mf;]p[d;

epiwe;j ,uj;jj;ij jpRf;fSf;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;.

jpRf;fspypUe;J Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj fhu;gd; il Mf;irL epiwe;j ,uj;jj;ij ,jaj;jpw;F vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;.

2. EiuaPuy; jkdp kl;Lk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;glhj ,uj;jj;ij nfhz;L nry;Yk;.

EiuaPuy; rpiu kl;Lk; Rj;jpfhpf;fg;gl;l ,uj;jj;ij vLj;Jr; nry;Yk;.

3. ,jaj;jpypUe;J nry;tjhy; ,uj;jk; mjpf Ntfj;JlDk; mOj;jj;JlDk; nry;Yk;.

Fiwe;j mOj;jj;Jld; nry;Yk;.

4. jkdpfspd; Rtu;fs; jbkdhdJ rpiufspd; Rtu;fs; nky;ypaJ. jkdpfs; clypd; Moj;jpy; fhzg;gLk;. rpiufs; clypd; Nkw;gug;GfspNyNa nry;Yk;.

8. ,uj;jj;jpd; gpsh];kh gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd;fs; %d;wpidf; Fwpg;gpLf. mtw;wpd; gzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf. (khh;r;-16> [d; -16)

1) FNshGypd; - Neha; vjph;g;ghw;wYf;F mtrpakhdJ 2) /iggphpNdh[d; - ,uj;jk; ciwjypy; gq;Nfw;Fk; 3) My;Gkpd; - ePh; rkepiyia rPuhf;FfpwJ.

9. cl;fU ,y;yhj ,uj;jr; nry;fs; ahit? cl;fUtpd;wp ,Ug;gjhy; vd;d gad;? 1) ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fs; 2) gad;: ,jpy; cl;fUTf;F gjpyhf ,uj;jj;jpw;F rptg;G epwj;ij mspf;Fk; `PNkhFNshgpidg;

ngw;wpUf;fpd;wJ. ,J Rthr thAf;fis vLj;Jr;nry;tjpy; Kf;fpa gq;Ftfpf;fpwJ. `PNkhFNshgpd; Mf;]p[d;kPJ mjpf ehl;lk; nfhz;lJ.

10. ,uj;j ciwjypy; gq;FngWk; gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd;fs;> ,uj;j mZf;fs; ahit? (nrg;-16) 1) gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd; - /iggphpNdh[d; 2) ,uj;j mZf;fs; - ,uj;jj; jl;Lfs; (j;uhk;Nghirl;Lfs;)

11. m) rpWePufj;jpd; mikg;G> nray; myFfs; ahit? M) rpWePh; ntspNaWk; ghijapd; mbg;gilapy; kdpjfopT ePf;f kz;lyj;jpYs;s gpd;tUk; cWg;Gfis thpirg;gLj;Jf. (rpWePh; ehsk;> rpWePh;Gwtop> rpWePufk;> rpWePh;g;ig)

m) neg;uhd;fs; M) rpWePufk; rpWePh; ehsk; rpWePh; ig rpWePh; Gwtop.

12. gpd;tUk; ghYhl;bfspd; ,uj;j Row;rpia tpsf;Fk; epuy;glj;jpid cw;WNehf;fTk;. i) fPNo jug;gl;Ls;s rhpahd ,uj;jf;Foha;fs; A, B, C, D ia Njh;e;njLf;f. m) EiuaPuy; rpiu M) ngUQ;rpiufs; ,) EiuaPuy; jkdp <) kfhjkdp ii) P, Q, R, S khjphpfspy; rhpahd ,iziaj; Njh;e;njLf;f. m) P kw;Wk; Q = Mf;]p[Ndw;w. R kw;Wk; S = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milahj M) P kw;Wk; Q = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mw;w. R kw;Wk; S = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;j ,) midj;Jk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;jJ. <) midj;Jk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milahjJ.

i) A - ngUQ;rpiufs; B - EiuaPuy; jkdp





C - EiuaPuy; rpiu D - kfhjkdp. ii) rhpahd ,iz:

M) P kw;Wk; Q = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mw;w. R kw;Wk; S = Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;j

13. gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; gbf;fTk;: ngUk;ghyhd KJnfYk;gpfs; jhilfisg; ngw;W mjpy; gw;fSk; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. jhilfspy; gw;fs; mike;Js;s Kiwf;Fg; gy;yikg;G vd;W ngah;. ghYl;bfspy; fhzg;gLk; gy;NtWtpjkhd gw;fs; gpd;tUkhW. ntl;Lk; gw;fs; (I ) Nfhiug;gw;fs; (C) Kd; filtha; gw;fs; (P) kw;Wk; gpd; filtha;g;gw;fs; (M). mit KiwNa fbg;gjw;Fk;> fpopg;gjw;Fk;> nky;Ytjw;Fk;> miug;gjw;Fk; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. khkpr cz;zpfspy; Nfhiug;gw;fs; khkprj;ijf; fpopg;gjw;F ed;F tsh;r;rp mile;Js;sd. ,f;Nfhiug;gw;fs; jhtu cz;zpfspy; Fiwthf tsh;r;rp mile;Njh my;yJ ,y;yhkNyh fhzg;gLfpwJ. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f:

i) jtisapd; Nky; jhilapy; xNu khjphpahd gw;fs; fhzg;gLfpwJ. Mdhy; kdpjdpy; khWgl;Ls;sJ. kdpjdpy; fhzg;gLk; ,j;jifa gy;yikg;Gf;F ………… vd;W ngah;. m) N`hNkhlhd;l; tif M) INrhlhd;l; tif ,) n`l;bNuhlhd;l; tif <) mf;Nuhlhd;l; tif

ii) ghYl;bfspd; gy;#j;jpuk; ICPM=2023/1023 vd;W vOjg;gl;lhy; ,jpy; ,lk; ngwhj gw;fspd; tif… m) (I) ntl;Lk; gw;fs; M) (C) Nfhiug;gw;fs; ,) (P) Kd;filtha; gw;fs; <) (M) gpd;filtha;g;gw;fs;

tpilfs;: i) n`l;bNuhlhd;l; tif ii) (C) Nfhiug;gw;fs; 14. tpLgl;l ,dq;fis rhpahd tpil nfhz;L epug;Gf.

thy;Tfs; ,Ug;gplk; Ntiy <hpjo; thy;T (m) kpl;uy; thy;T

,lJ ntz;l;hpf;fpspypUe;J ,lJ Vl;hpaj;jpw;F ,uj;jk; gpd; nry;Yjiy jtph;f;Fk;.

tyJ Mhpf;fpNsh ntz;l;hpf;fpyhh; Jisapy;

tyJ Mhpf;fpspypUe;J tyJ ntz;l;hpf;fpSf;F ,uj;jk; nry;Yjiyf; fl;Lg;gL;j;JfpwJ.

ngUe;jkdp thy;T ngUe;jkdp Njhd;Wk; ,lj;jpy; gpiwr;re;jpu thy;T

tyJ ntz;l;upf;fpspypUe;J EiuaPuy; jkdpf;F ,uj;jk; nry;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

thy;Tfs; ,Ug;gplk; Ntiy <hpjo; thy;T (m) kpl;uy; thy;T

,lJ Mupf;fpNsh ntz;l;hpFyhh; Jisapy;

,lJ ntz;l;hpf;fpspypUe;J ,lJ Vl;hpaj;jpw;F ,uj;jk; gpd; nry;Yjiy jtph;f;Fk;.

%tpjo; thy;T tyJ Mhpf;fpNsh ntz;l;hpf;fpyhh; Jisapy;

tyJ Mhpf;fpspypUe;J tyJ ntz;l;hpf;fpSf;F ,uj;jk; nry;Yjiyf; fl;Lg;gL;j;JfpwJ.

ngUe;jkdp thy;T

ngUe;jkdp Njhd;Wk; ,lj;jpy;

,lJ ntz;l;upf;fpspypUe;J ngUe;jkdpf;F ,uj;jk; nry;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

gpiwr;re;jpu thy;T

EiuaPuy; jkdp Gwg;gLk; ,lj;jpy;

tyJ ntz;l;upf;fpspypUe;J EiuaPuy; jkdpf;F ,uj;jk; nry;tijf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk;

15. ntt;NtW tho;tplq;fspy; tho;fpd;w caphpdq;fs; me;je;j tho;tplq;fSf;F Vw;wthW

jf;ftho;f;if Kiw> czTg; gof;fk;> cly; mikg;GfSld; tho;fpd;wd. ,jw;F jftikg;G vd;W ngah;. ghYl;bapd; rpwg;ghd jftikg;gpidj; Njh;e;njLf;f. m) fly;tho; ghYl;bahd jpkpq;fyk;> jdJ cly; ntg;gj;ijr; rPuhfg; guhkhpf;f ngw;Ws;s

jftikg;G :- (jhil gyPd; jl;Lfshf khwpaJ/ Kd;iffs; JLg;Gfshf khwpaJ/ NjhYf;fbapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;l nfhOg;G)

M) czit fz;lwptjw;fhd ntsthypd; jftikg;G : - (Kd; iffs; ,wf;ifahf khwpaJ/ fhy;fs; %ykhf jiyfPohfj; njhq;Fjy; / gwj;jypd; NghJ cah; Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; xyp ntspg;gLj;Jjy;)

m) NjhYf;fbapy; Nrkpf;fg;gl;;l nfhOg;G M) gwj;jypd; NghJ cah; Ruj;jpy; fPr;rpLk; kPnahyp ntspg;gLjy;.





16. clypd; ‘kh];lh; nfkp];l;’ vd;W rpWePufk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ - fhuzk; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. (khh;r;- 2016> [d; 2013>14>16> nrg;lk;gh;-2016) m) clypy; ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fSk; rpWePufj;jpy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. M) rpWePufk;> ,uj;jj;jpd; NtjpapiaG rk epiyiag; NgZfpwJ. ,) rpWePufk;> clypy; ,Ue;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fis ntspNaw;WfpwJ. <) rpWePufk;> Ntjpg;nghUs;fisr; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ.

M) rpWePufk;> ,uj;jj;jpd; NtjpapiaG rk epiyiag; NgZfpwJ.

6. tho;f;if ,af;fr; nray;fs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. A,B Fwpapl;l jhtuj; jz;bd; th];Fyhh; jpRf;fspd; ngah;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. (nrg;-16) m) A>B-d; ngah;fs; M) A apd; topahff; flj;jg;gLk; nghUs;fs; ahit? ,) B apd; topahff; flj;jg;gLk; nghUs;fs; ahit? <) vt;thW A apd; topahfg; nghUs;fs; ,iyfSf;Ff;

flj;jg;gLfpd;wd?

m) A-iryk; B-GNshak;

M) ePh; kw;Wk; fdpkg; nghUs;fs;. ,) czT kw;Wk; mkpNdh mkpyq;fs; <) ePuhtpg;Nghf;F kw;Wk; Ntu; mOj;jk; fhuzkhf flj;jg;gLfpwJ.

2. czt+l;lk; vd;why; vd;d? vt;tif czt+l;lk; gRe;jhtuq;fspYk; ngUk;ghyhd tpyq;fpdq;fspYk; fhzg;gLfpwJ? 1) ehk; cz;Zk; czNt Mw;wYf;fhd Mjhuk;. czT cl;nfhs;Sjy; %yk; Mw;wiyg;

ngWtJ czt+l;lk; vdg;gLk;. 2) gRe;jhtuq;fspy; jw;rhu;G czT+l;lKk; tpyq;Ffspy; gpwrhu;G czT+l;lKk; fhzg;gLfpwJ.

3. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cl;lKiwfNshL, mtw;wpd; rpwg;G cWg;Gfisj; jf;f vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; nghUj;Jf. (khh;r;-2014>16> [d; 2012)

jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw gr;irak; i`gp];f]; xl;Lz;zpfs; `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; f];f;A+l;lh kl;Fz;zpfs; ikf;Nfhiurh Nth;fs; khNdhl;Nuhgh

4. nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; glj;ijf; ftdpf;f. (khu;-13>16>17> nrg;-15>16) m) glk; A, B y; fhzg;gLk; ,af;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf.

M) vt;thW ,t;tpaf;fq;fs; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd; ,af;fq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wd?

m) ,af;fk;:- A - Gtp <h;g;Gj; jpir rhh;G ,af;fk;. (Neu; <u;g;G rhu;G ,af;fk;) B - xspj;jpir rhh;G ,af;fk;. (vjpu; <u;g;G rhu;G ,af;fk;)

M) njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyfspd; ,af;fk;: A kw;Wk; B-d; ,af;fk; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp ,iyapd; ,af;fk; 1 tsu;r;rp rhu; ,af;fk; tsu;r;rp rhuh ,af;fk; 2 Jz;lYf;F nkJthd gjpy;tpid Jz;lYf;F cldb gjpy; tpid

5. fhw;wpyhr; Rthrpj;jypy; …………. vd;gJ 6 fhh;gd; nfhz;l Nrh;kk;. yhf;bf; mkpyk; vd;gJ ……… fhpkr; Nrh;kk;. (nrg; 2013> nrg; 2014)

m) FSf;Nfh]; M) 3 fhh;gd; nfhz;l.

jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw ikf;Nfhiurh Nth;fs; f];f;A+l;lh xl;Lz;zpfs; gr;irak; khNdhl;Nuhgh kl;Fz;zpfs; `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; i`gp];f];





6. rh;f;;fiuf; fiury; My;f`hyhf khw;wkilfpwJ. (khu;r; 12>17 [d; 13>14>16) m) Nkw;fz;l nraypy; vj;jifa epfo;r;rp eilngWfpwJ? M) ve;j Ez;Zaphp <LgLfpwJ?

m) nehjpj;jy; my;yJ fhw;wpy;yh Rthrk; M) <];l;

7. kdpjdpd; Rthrf; fhw;whdJ …. topahf …. f;Fs; nry;fpwJ. kPd;fspy; ePuhdJ …. topahf clYf;Fs; nrd;W, ePhpy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[d; ….. f;Fs; guTfpwJ. ([d; 2015>16) m) ehrpj;Jis M) EiuaPuYf;Fs; ,) tha; <) nrTs; gFjpapy; cs;s ,uj;jk;

8. Nth; xl;Lz;zpfSf;F ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf. mit Xk;GaphpfsplkpUe;J czTg; nghUs;fis cwpQ;Rtjw;F ngw;Ws;s rpwg;G mikg;G ahJ? 1. Ntu; xl;Lz;zpfs;: f];f;A+l;lh> tp];fk; 2. rpwg;G mikg;Gfs;: `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; vDk; rpwg;G Nth;fs;.

9. kl;Fz;zpfs; vd;why; vd;d? ,uz;L vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf. 1. jhNk czT jahhpf;f Kbahky; ,we;JNghd jhtu tpyq;F cly;fspd; fhpkg;

nghUs;fspypUe;J jkJ czitg; ngWk; jhtuq;fs; kl;Fz;zp jhtuq;fshFk;. 2. v.fh: g+Q;irfs;> ghf;Bhpahf;fs;

10. kdpjdpd; rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ePsk; vd;d? rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ghfq;fis czT nry;Yk; mbg;gilapy; thpirf;fpukkhf vOJf. 1. kdpjdpd; rPuz kz;lyj;jpd; ePsk; : 9 kP 2. czT nry;Yk; ghfq;fs;: tha; tha;f;Fop njhz;il czTf;Foy; ,iug;ig

rpWFly; ngUq;Fly; kyf;Fly; kytha;.

11. Rthrpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? fhw;Ws;s Rthrpj;jYf;fhd Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;bid vOJf. (khh;r;-16) 1. czTg; nghUl;fis Mf;]pfuzk; milar; nra;J Mw;wiy ATP tbtpy; Nrkpg;gjw;fhf fhw;W

kz;lyj;jpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id Xh; caphpdk; vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk; epfo;Nt Rthrpj;jy;. 2. rkd;ghL:

C6H12O6+ 6O2 6CO2 + 6H2O + 2900KJ Mw;wy; (FSf;Nfh];) (ATP)

12. ePhpypUe;J ntspNa vLf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; ePz;l Neuk; capUld; ,Uf;f KbahJ Vd;? 1. kPd;fs; ePhpy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[id ngWtjw;F nrTs;fs; vd;Dk; rpwg;G cWg;gpid

ngw;Ws;sd. 2. nrTs;fs; ePupy; fiue;Js;s Mf;]p[id kl;LNk gad;gLj;jp Rthrpf;Fk; jd;ik tha;e;jJ. 3. kPd;fSf;F EiuaPuy; ,y;yhjjhy; fhw;wpy; cs;s Mf;]p[id mit ngwKbahJ 4. vdNt ePhpypUe;J vLf;fg;gl;l kPd;fs; ntFNeuk; capNuhL ,Uf;f ,ayhJ.

13. mk;Nkhdpahnlypf;> a+hpNahnlypf; tpyq;Ffs; vd;why; vd;d? vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs; jUf.

mk;Nkhdpahnlypf;: mk;Nkhdpahit fopTg; nghUshf ntspapLk; tpyq;Ffs; mk;Nkhdpahnlypf; tpyq;Ffs; vd;W

ngah;. v.fh: kPd;fs;. A+hpNahnlypf;: A+hpahit fopTg; nghUshf ntspNaw;Wgit a+hpNahnlypf; tpyq;FfshFk;. v.fh: ghYl;bfs;

14. njhl;lhy; rpZq;fpj; jhtuj;jpy; njhLk;NghJ Vw;gLk; khw;wj;jpid tpsf;Ff. ([d; 2016)

1. njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp jhtuj;ij ehk; njhl;lTld; midj;J ,iyfSk; RUq;fp mirtpid ntspg;gLj;JfpwJ.

2. Xhplj;jpy; Vw;gLk; Jz;ly; gy ,iyfSf;F flj;jg;gLtij ,J fhl;LfpwJ. 3. Mdhy; njhL czh;it flj;Jk; rpwg;G jpRf;fs; VJk; ,y;iy. 4. ,jd; ,iyabg;gFjpapy; (gy;itd];) cs;s ghud;ifkh nry;fspy; ePh; cl;GFjy;

ntspNaWjy; fhuzkhf rpw;wpiyfspy; tpiug;gOj;jk; Vw;gl;L ,iyfs; RUq;fp tphpfpd;wd.





15. jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ePuhtpg;Nghf;fpid tpsf;Fk; khjphp mikg;gpid cw;WNehf;Ff. fPo;f;fz;l nghUs;fs; jhtuq;fspd; ve;j mikg;Gld; xg;gplg;gLfpwJ? 1) flw; gQ;R 2) ePh; epiwe;j fz;zhb Foha;

1) flw; gQ;R: ,iyfspy; cs;s ,iyj;Jisfs;. 2) ePh; epiwe;j fz;zhb Foha;: iryf;Foha;

nfhz;l jhtu jz;Lg;gFjp.

(,iyj;JisfspypUe;J ePuhtpg;Nghf;F Vw;gLtijAk; mjdhy; Vw;gLk; mOj;jf;FiwT jz;by; iryf; Foha;fs; ePiu cwpQ;rp ,iyfSf;Ff; flj;JtijAk; ,J fhl;LfpwJ.)

7- Rw;Wr; #oy; ghJfhg;G (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. gpd;tUtdtw;iw cw;gj;jpahsh;fs;> gy tifahd Efh;Nthh;fs;> rpijg;gitfs; vd tifg;gLj;Jf. m) tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rp M) ntl;Lf;fpsp ,) Xzhd; <) ghk;Gfs; c) nrk;gUj;jp C) iel;Nuhghf;Bhpah

m) tz;zj;Jg; g+r;rp - Kjy;epiy Efh;Nthh; M) ntl;Lf;fpsp - Kjy;epiy Efh;Nthh; ,) Xzhd; - ,uz;lhk;epiy Efh;Nthh; <) ghk;Gfs; - %d;whk;epiy Efh;Nthh; c) nrk;gUj;jp - cw;gj;jpahsh; C) iel;Nuhghf;Bhpah - rpijg;git

2. thoplj;ijg; nghUj;J caphpdq;fs; gy;NtW jftikg;Gfisg; ngw;Ws;sd. gpd;tUtdtw;iw nghUj;Jf. tpilfs;

m) kPd;fs; ,wFfs; - JLg;G M) xl;lfk; jbj;j Njhy; - jbj;j Njhy; ,) jtis JLg;G - tpuypil rt;Tila gpd;dq;fhy;fs; <) gwitfs; tpuypil rt;Tila gpd;dq;fhy;fs; - ,wFfs;

3. Nfhbl;l ,lj;ij epug;Gf. m) tpyq;fpdq;fs; Rthrpj;jypd; NghJ …………. ntspaplg;gLfpwJ.

M) #hpaxspapd; Kd;dpiyapy; jhtuq;fshy; jahhpf;fg;gLk; nghUs; ……….. MFk;. m) CO2 M) fhu;Nghi`l;Nul; / (FSf;Nfh];)

4. ghf;Bhpaq;fSk; g+Q;irfSk; ,we;JNghd my;yJ mOfpa jhtu> tpyq;Ffis g+kpapy; rpijf;ff; fhuzkhfpd;wd. rpije;j nghUs;fs; kWRow;rpf;F cl;gLk;NghJ> jhtuq;fspd; tsh;r;rpf;F gad;gLfpwJ. ,ij ehk; vd;dntd;W miof;fyhk;?

capu;Gtp Ntjpr;Row;rp

5. gpd;tUk; gj;jpiag; gbj;J jFe;j tpiliaf; fz;lwpe;J Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. (jPq;F tpistpg;gJ> fd cNyhfq;fs;> fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L> fe;jf Jfs;fs;) ([d; 2016)

ghjurk;> ANudpak;> Njhhpak;> Mh;rdpf;>………. fye;j fyitapypUe;J ntspNaw;wg;gLk; fopTg;nghUs;fs; kdpjDf;F ………… kl;Lkpd;wp #o;epiyiaAk; ghjpf;fpd;wJ. epyf;fhpapy; cs;s ………… mkpykio cUthf fhuzkhtNjhL kl;Lky;yhky;> gRikaf thA> ….……. ntspNaw;wg;gl;L fhyepiy khWghl;bw;Fk; Gtpntg;g khWjYf;Ff; fhuzkhfpwJ.

1) fd cNyhfq;fs; 2) jPq;F tpistpg;gJ 3) fe;jf Jfs;fs; 4) fhh;gd;-il-Mf;i]L

6. gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp czTr; rq;fpypia cUthf;Ff. (khh;r;-16>17> [d; 2014) ghk;G> Gy;> fOF> jtis> ntl;Lf;fpsp. Gy; ntl;Lf;fpsp jtis ghk;G fOF.

7. gpd;tUk; caphpdq;fisf; nfhz;L ePh;r;#oypy; fhzg;gLk; czTr;rq;fpypia vOJf. (rpwpa kPd;> jhtu kpjit caphp> kPd;nfhj;jp> tpyq;F kpjit caphp)

jhtu kpjit caphp tpyq;F kpjit caphp rpwpa kPd; kPd;nfhj;jp.





8. gpd;tUk; czTtiyia cw;WNehf;fp jtwhd $w;iwj; Njh;e;njLf;f. m) i) ‘A’ cw;gj;jpahsh; ii) ‘F’ jhtu cz;zp

iii) ‘H’ midj;Jz;zp iv) „I‟ ,Wjp Cd; cz;zp. M) glj;jpYs;s czTtiyapy; vj;jid czTr; rq;fpypfs;

cs;sd. vd;gijf;fz;Lgpbf;f.

m) jtwhd $w;W: iv) ‘I’ ,Wjp Cd; cz;zp. M) glj;jpy; cs;s czTr;rq;fpypfs; : 10

9. gpd;tUk; caph;-Ntjpa Row;rpiaf; fz;lwpe;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

m) vt;tif Cl;lg;nghUs; ghpkhWfpwJ? M) m Kjy; < tiu eilngWk; nray;fs; ahit?

m) fhh;gd; (fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL) M) m - xspr;Nrh;f;if> M - Rthrpj;jy;> , - vhpjy;> < - rpijj;jy;

10. fPOs;s czTr; rq;fpypiag; gbj;J Kiwg;gLj;jp mjid Mw;wy; gpukplhf khw;Wf. (khu;r; 2012>13>15 [d; 2013)

ky;nghp FUtp fk;gspG+r;rp gUe;J czTr; rq;fpyp : ky;nghp fk;gspG+r;rp FUtp gUe;J

Mw;wy; gpukpL:

11. nfhLf;fg;gl;l vLj;Jf;fhl;bidg; gbj;Jf; fPOs;s tpdhf;fSf;fhd tpilapidj; jUf.

m) A my;yJ B NfhLfspy; vJ Mw;wy; Xl;lj;jpidf; Fwpf;fpwJ? mjw;fhd fhuzj;ij $Wf.

M) rpijg;gtw;wpw;F Xh; vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.

m) B-MdJ Mw;wy; Xl;lj;ijf; Fwpf;fpwJ. fhuzk; xU R+o;epiy kz;lyj;jpy; Mw;wy; Xl;lk; xNu jpirapy; nry;yf;$baJ. Row;rpaw;wJ.

M) ghf;Bupahf;fs; kw;Wk; G+Q;irfs;.

12. m) 1 kw;Wk; 3-y; fhzg;gLk; epfo;r;rpfis vOJf. M) epfo;T 1I tiuaWf;f.

m) 1- xspr; Nru;f;if 3- Rthrpj;jy; M) jhtuq;fs; ePu;> R+upa xspfhh;gd;-il- Mf;i]L

Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L ,iyfspy; cs;s gr;iraj;jpd; cjtpahy; fhu;Nghi`l;Nul; (czT) jahupf;Fk; epfo;r;rp xspr;Nru;f;if MFk;

8 - fopT ePH Nkyhz;ik (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3)

1. A, B efuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; njhw;W Neha;fs; gl;il tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1. nlq;F fha;r;ry;, 2. vypf; fha;r;ry;, 3. fhyuh, 4. rpf;Fd; Fdpah

m) efuk; A apy; fhzg;gLk; Neha;f;F vd;d fhuzk;? M) ve;efuj;jpw;F fopT ePf;fk; kw;Wk; Ja;ik kpf mjpf

mstpy; Njitg;gLfpwJ? ,) A efuj;jpy; cs;s Nehapid vt;thW fl;Lg;gLj;JtPu;fs;?





m) nfhRf;fs; ngUf;fk;> Ja;ikapd;ik> Ja;ikaw;w ePu;> Jg;GuT trjpfs; ,d;ik Nghd;witNa ,e;Neha;fs; gut fhuzkhFk;.

M) A efuj;jpw;F fopT ePf;fk; kw;Wk; Ja;ik mjpf mstpy; Njitg;gLfpwJ. ,) fopT ePh; Nkyhz;ik> jplf;fopT Nkyhz;ik;> nghJ ,lq;fspy; Jg;GwT> jLg;G+rp

NghLjy; Nghd;wtw;iw nra;jhy; Nkw;fz;l Neha;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

2. Xu; Chpy;; 2008 - 2009 Mk; Mz;by; Vw;gl;l njhw;W Neha;fspd; tptuk; tl;l tiuglkhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,jid $h;e;J Nehf;fpf; fPOs;stw;wpw;F tpilaspf;fTk;.

(khh;r;-14>15> [d; 13> nrg;13>14) m) ngUk;ghyhd kf;fisj; jhf;fpa Neha;fs; ahit? M) vt;thW ,e;j Neha;fs; guTfpd;wd?

,) kw;w ,U Neha;fis fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; vitNaDk; %d;W Kiwfis vOJf.

m) nlq;F fha;r;ry; kw;Wk; rpf;Fd; Fdpah M) nfhRf;fs; %yk; (ePupy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; nra;Ak; G+r;rpfs;) ,) fhyuh kw;Wk; vypf;fha;r;riyf; fl;LgLj;Jjy;:

1) nfhjpf;f itj;J ePiu Fbg;gJ> 2) jLg;g+rp NghLtJ> 3) kdpj kw;Wk; tpyq;F fopTfs; fye;j ePiu gUfhjpUj;jy;> 4) vypfis fl;Lg;gLj;Jjy;> 5) tpyq;Ffspd; rpWePu; kw;Wk; fopTfis Kiwahf mg;Gwg;gLj;JtJ. 6) jpl fopTfis Kiwahf ifahSjy;

Mfpatw;why; ,t;tpU Neha;fisAk; fl;Lg;gLj;jyhk;.

3. khwpAs;s, jpUk;gg; ngw ,aYk;> jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fis Kiwahfg; nghUj;Jf. (khh;r;-14>17> [d; 2012>14>16> nrg;-14>16)

tsq;fs; A B C

jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsq;fs; fhp fhw;W ngl;Nuhypak; jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs; i`l;u[d; ,aw;if thA #hpa xsp Mw;wy;

tsq;fs; A B C

jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsq;fs; i`l;u[d; fhw;W R+hpaxsp Mw;wy; jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsq;fs; fhp ,aw;if thA ngl;Nuhypak;

4. nghUe;jhjtw;iw ePf;Ff. m) caphp My;f`hy;, gr;ir Bry;, caphp <jh;, ngl;Nuhypak; M) fhyuh, ilgha;L, nrhwp rpuq;F, rPjNgjp. (khh;-12>13>16> [d; 13>15>16> nrg; -13>15>16)

nghUe;jhjitfs;: m) ngl;Nuhypak; (jpUk;gg;ngw Kbahj tsk;) M) nrhwp rpuq;F (ePiu gad;gLj;jhjjhy; Vw;gLk; Neha;)

nghUe;jhjit ePf;fg;gl;l gpd; rupahd FO: m) capup My;f`hy;> gr;ir Bry;> capup <ju; (capup vupnghUl;fs;) M) fhyuh> ilgha;L> rPjNgjp (ePuhy; guTk; Neha;fs;)

5. jpUk;gg; ngw ,ayhj tsk; vd;gJ Xu; ,aw;if tsk;. ,jid kdpj Efh;tpd; Ntfj;ij tpl kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; kPz;Lk; cUthf;fyhk;. Nkw;fz;l $w;iw gbj;J, jtwhdjh my;yJ rhpahdjh vd;gij cWjp nra;f. jtwhf ,Ue;jhy; rhpahd $w;wpidf; $Wf. (khh;r; -2013>15> [_d;-2014)

Nkw;fz;l $w;W jtW. jpUk;gg; ngWk; tsk; vd;gJ xU ,aw;if tsk;. ,jid kdpj Efu;tpd; Ntfj;ij tpl kpf Ntfkhf ,aw;if epfo;tpdhy; khw;wyhk;.

6. Mw;wiyr; Nrkpf;f cjTk; rhjdq;fisf; gpd;tUtdtw;wpypUe;J Njh;e;njLf;fTk;. xspUk; gy;Gfs;, jhkpu kpd; mil, #hpa ePh; #Nlw;wp, kpd; ePh; #Nlw;wp, lq;];ld; tpsf;Ffs;, kpd;dZ kpd; mil. (khh;r; -2013>2015> [d; 2012>2013>2015>2016>)

1. xspUk; gy;Gfs; (LED) 2. #hpa ePh; #Nlw;wp 3. kpd;dZ kpd; mil.(Electronic Choke)





Ntjpapay;

9 - fiury;fs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)

1. Ntjpg;nghUs; fiujpwd; (250C ntg;gepiy)

NaCl 36 fp NaBr 95 fp NaI 184 fp

Nkw;fz;l ml;ltizapypUe;J ePtph; czUk; cz;ikfis vOJf.

1. fiug;nghUspd; jd;ik fiujpwidg; ghjpf;fpwJ. 36 fp Nrhbak; FNshiuL> 95 fp Nrhbak; GNuhikL> 184fp Nrhbak; mNahilL Mfpait jdpj;jdpNa 100 fp ePupy; fiue;J njtpl;ba fiuriy cz;lhf;FfpwJ.

2. ntg;gk; fiujpwid ghjpf;fpwJ. 3. nfhLf;fg;gl;lit Nrhbak; kw;Wk; N`y[d;fs; ,ize;j cg;Gf;fs;. N`y[d; mZf;fspd;

cUt msT Cl < Br < I vd;wthW mikfpwJ. mZ vz; kw;Wk; mZtpd; cUt msT mjpfkhf mjpfkhf Jfs;fSf;fpilNa cs;s ftu;r;rp tpir Fiwtjhy; fiujpwd; mjpfupf;fpwJ.

2. njtpl;ba fiurYf;Fk; njtpl;lhj fiurYf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis fPo;f;nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfs; %yk; vOJf. (khh;r;-2014> [d;-2012>13>16> nrg;-2015>16)

m) 16fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy; M) 36fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy; (Fwpg;G: NaCld; fiujpwd; 36fp)

t.vz; njtpl;lhj fiury; njtpl;ba fiury; 1 xU Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy; NkYk;

fiunghUis fiuf;f Kbe;j fiury; njtpl;lhj fiury;.

xU Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy; ve;j xU fiurypy; NkYk; fiunghUis fiuf;f KbahNjh mf;fiurNy njtpl;ba fiury;.

2. 16fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy; fiue;J 25˚C–y; njtpl;lhj fiury; cUthfpwJ.

36fp NaCl 100fp ePhpy; fiue;J 25˚C–y; njtpl;ba fiury; cUthfpwJ.

3. Fiwe;j msT fiunghUisf; nfhz;lfiury;

fiujpwDf;Fr; rkkhd mjpfgl;r fiunghUisf; nfhz;l fiury;

4. njtpl;Lk;epiy milAk; tiu NkYk; ($Ljyhf 20fp NaCl) fiu nghUisf; fiuf;fyhk;.

fiuriy ntg;gg;gLj;jp NkYk; mjpfkhd fiunghUis fiuj;jhy; mJ mjp njtpl;ba fiuryhf khWk;.

3. cz;ikf; fiuriy $o;kf;fiurypypUe;J NtWgLj;Jf. (khh;r;- 2013>15> nrg;-13) t.vz; cz;ikf; fiury; $o;kf; fiury; 1. Jfs; msT 1Ao – 10Ao Jfs; msT 10Ao – 2000Ao

2. Jfs;fs; Ez;Nzhf;fp %yKk; njhptjpy;iy. Ez;Nzhf;fpahy; kl;LNk ghh;f;f ,aYk; 3. xU gbj;jhdit. gy gbj;jhdit. 4. vspjpy; guTk; nkJthfg; guTk;. 5. xspiar; rpjwr; nra;ahJ xspiar; rpjwr; nra;Ak;. 6. v.fh. cg;Gf; fiury; v.fh. ghy;

4. rh;f;fiuia> ePhpy; fiuj;J, miw ntg;gepiyapy; njtpl;ba fiuriy cUthf;fpa gpd; Nkw;nfhz;L rh;f;fiuiaf; fiuf;f KbAkh? cq;fs; fUj;ijj; jUf.(khu;r;12> [d;13>14> nrg;-14)

1. fiuf;f KbahJ. (mNj miw ntg;gepiyapy; fiuf;f ,ayhJ) 2. fhuzk;: fiury; Vw;fdNt njtpl;ba epiyia mile;J tpl;lJ. Fwpg;gpl;l msT

ntg;gepiyapy; ve;j xU fiurypy; NkYk; fiuf;f ,ayhNjh mf;fiurNy njtpl;ba fiury; vdg;gLk;.

3. Mdhy; fiuriy R+LgLj;Jtjd; %yk; NkYk; ru;f;fiuiaf; fiuf;f KbAk;. mt;thW fiuj;j gpwF mJ mjp njtpl;baf; fiuryhf khWfpwJ.

5. 20fp rikay; cg;ig 50fp ePhpy; fiuj;jpUe;jhy; mf;fiury; nrwptpd; rjtPj epiwiaf; fzf;fpLf. (khh;r; -2013>15>17> nrg;-2012>14>15>)

fiunghUs; epiw = 20 fp fiug;ghdpd; epiw = 50 fp

fiury; nrwptpd; rjtPj epiw = fiunghUspd; epiw

fiunghUs; + fiug;ghdpd; epiw x 100





= 20

20+50 x 100

= 20

70 x 100 =

2

7 x 100

= 200

7 = 28.57 %

fiury; nrwptpd; rjtPj epiw = 28.57 %

6. ts;sp rpwpjsT rhjhuz cg;G> ehg;jypd; cUz;ilfs;> fw;g+uk;> rikay; Nrhlh> ryit Nrhlh Mfpatw;iw vLj;Jf; nfhz;lhh;. mtw;iw ePh; my;yJ mrpl;Nlhdpy; fiuf;f Kad;whh;. vjph;ghh;f;Fk; KbTfisf; nfhz;L ml;ltizia epug;Gf.

nghUs; fiuaf;$ba fiug;ghd; fhuzk;

m) rhjhuz cg;G

M) ehg;jypd; cUz;ilfs;

,) fw;G+uk;

<) rikay; Nrhlh

c) ryit Nrhlh

nghUs; fiuaf;$ba fiug;ghd;

fhuzk;

m) rhjhuz cg;G ePH madp cg;G KidTw;w fiug;ghdpy; vspjpy; fiuAk;. M) ehg;jypd;

cUz;ilfs; mrpl;Nlhd; rfg;gpizg;G Nru;kk; vd;gjhy; ePhpy; fiuahJ. fupkf;

fiug;ghdpy; kl;LNk fiuAk; ,) fw;G+uk; mrpl;Nlhd; rfg;gpizg;G Nru;kk; vd;gjhy; ePhpy; fiuahJ. fupkf;

fiug;ghdpy; kl;LNk fiuAk; <) rikay; Nrhlh ePH madp cg;G KidTw;w fiug;ghdpy; vspjpy; fiuAk;. c) ryit Nrhlh ePH madp cg;G KidTw;w fiug;ghdpy; vspjpy; fiuAk;.

7. m) Fsph;ghdq;fspy; fiuf;fg;gLk; thA vJ? M) mt;thAtpd; fiujpwid mjpfhpf;f ePq;fs; vd;d nra;tPh;fs;?

m) fhHgd; il Mf;i]L (CO2) M) mOj;jj;ij mjpfupf;f Ntz;Lk;.

8. Kfit A-y; ePhpy; rh;f;fiu fiuf;fg;gl;l fiurYk;> Kfit B-y; ePhpy; ];lhh;r; fiuf;fg;gl;l fiurYk; cs;sJ.

m) vf;fiury; xspiar; rpjwbf;Fk;? M) ve;j Kfitapy; g;nusdpad; ,af;fk; epfOk;? ,) Kfit A> Kfit B-y; cs;s fiurypd; tifia vOJf. <) ,U fiury;fSs; xUgbj;jhd fiury; vJ? c) 10 A0 Kjy; 2000-A0 tiu cUt msTs;s Jfs;fs; ve;j Kfitapy; cs;sJ?

m) ];lhu;r; fiury; (Kfit B) M) Kfit B –y; gpnusdpad; ,af;fk; epfOk;. ,) Kfit A - cz;ikf;fiury;, Kfit B - $o;kf; fiury; <) ru;f;fiuf; fiury; (Kfit A) c) Kfit B ($o;kk;)

9. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; cUthFk; fiurypd; tifia vOJf. m) 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 20 fpuhk; NaCl M) 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 36 fpuhk; NaCl ,) 80oC apy; 100 fpuhk; ePhpy; 45 fpuhk; NaCl <) CS2-y; fiuf;fg;gl;l fe;jfk;; c) kz;zpYs;s iel;u[d;.





m) njtpl;lhj fiury; M) njtpl;ba fiury; ,) mjpnjtpl;ba fiury; <) ePuw;w fiury; c) njtpl;ba fiury;

10. gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; gphpif epiyik> gphpif Clfj;ijf; fz;lwpf. ([d; -16) m) ghyhilf;fl;b M) Nrhlh ePh; ,) Gif

nghUs; gpupif epiyik gpupif Clfk; m) ghyhilf;fl;b ePu; jpz;k Cl;lg;nghUl;fs; M) Nrhlh ePh; fhu;gd;-il-Mf;irL ePu; ,) Gif fupj;Js; fhw;W

11. ,uhjh tbfl;Ljy; %yk; gphpf;fg;gLk; xU fiuriyj; jahhpj;jhh;. m) mf;fiury; vt;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ? M) mf;fiury; xspiaj; jd; topNa mDkjpf;Fkh? mDkjpf;fhjh? ,) mf;fiurypd; ,ay;gpid vOJf. <) fiunghUs; Jfspd; cUtsT ahJ?

m) njhq;fy; M) ,f;fiurypd; Jfs;fs; xspia jd; topNa nry;y mDkjpf;fhJ. ,) mJ gygbj;jhd fiury;. xspGfhJ. xspiar; rpjwbf;fhJ. <) 2000 A0 f;F Nky;

12.

Nkw;$wpa epfo;tpy; rpwpJ Neuk; fopj;J Nrfh; ePh; ,dpg;ghf khwpaijf; fz;lwpe;jhd;> ,jw;fhdf; fhuzk; $Wf.

1. ru;f;fiuf; fiury; xU cz;ikfiurYf;F cjhuzk; MFk;. 2. cz;ikf; fiurypy; cs;s Jfs;fspd; cUt msT kpfTk; rpwpaJ. (1 A0 Kjy; 10 A0) 3. NkYk; ru;f;fiu %yf;$Wfs; vspjpy; tpuTk; jd;ik nfhz;lJ. 4. vdNt nrwpT kpFe;j ru;f;fiuf; fiuryhdJ nrwpT Fiwthd ePiu Nehf;fp Ez;Jisg; ghj;jpuk;

topahf vspjhf CLUtpg; guTfpwJ. vdNt ePuhdJ ,dpg;ghf khWfpwJ.

13. Kfit A apy; Rz;zhk;Gj;JSk; ePUk; fye;j fyit cs;sJ. Kfit B apy; Gujk; ePhpy; fiue;j fiury; cs;sJ.

m) vf;fiury; g;nusdpad; ,af;fj;ijg; ngw;Ws;sJ? M) 2000 A0 f;F Nky; Jfspd; cUtsitf; nfhz;Ls;s fiuriyf; fz;lwpf. ,) ve;j Kfitapy; $o;kf; fiury; cs;sJ? <) Kfit B apy; cs;s Jfspd; cUtsitf; Fwpg;gpLf. c) $o;kf; fiury; xUgbj;jhd fiuryh? my;yJ gy gbj;jhd fiuryh?

m) Gujf; fiury; (Kfit B) M) Rz;zhk;Gf; fiury; (Kfit A) ,) $o;kf;fiury; B Kfitapy; cs;sJ. <) 10A

0 Kjy; 2000A

0 tiu c) gygbj;jhd fiury;.

14. tpilfSf;fhd rhpahd tpsf;fk; jUf. m) Rl;lRz;zhk;gpd; fiujd;ik ntg;gepiy mjpfhpg;ghy; Fiwfpd;wJ. M) ntg;g ckpo;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik vt;thW khWgLk;? ,) ntg;gk; nfhs;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik mjpfhpf;fpd;wJ. <) Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy; thA tputpa ePh;kf; fiurypy; mOj;j mjpfhpg;ghy; fiujd;ik

mjpfhpf;Fk;.





m) Rl;lRz;zhk;G ePupy; fiuAk;NghJ ntg;g ckpo;tpid eilngWfpwJ. vdNt Rl;l Rz;zhk;gpd; fiujd;ik ntg;gepiy mjpfhpg;ghy; FiwfpwJ.

M) ntg;g ckpo;tpidapy; ntg;gepiy mjpfkhdhy; fiujd;ik FiwAk;. ,) ntg;gk; nfhs; tpidapd; NghJ ntg;gk; mjpfupj;jhy; fiujpwDk; mjpfupf;fpwJ.

%yf;$Wfspd; ,af;fk; mjpfkhtjhy; fiujd;ik mjpfupf;fpwJ. <) xU Fwpg;gpl;l ntg;gepiyapy;> xU Fwpg;gp;l;l gUkdsT ePu;kj;jpy; fiue;Js;s thAtpd;

epiw mjd; kPJ nrYj;jg;gl;l mOj;jj;jpw;F Neu;tpfpjg; nghUj;jKilaJ vd;w n`d;wpapd; tpjpg;gb mOj;j mjpfupg;ghy; fiujpwd; mjpfupf;Fk;. v.fh. Nrhlh ePupy; CO2.

10. mZf;fSk; %yf;$WfSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1) 1. fPOs;s vLj;Jf;fhl;LfspypUe;J INrhNlhg;> INrhghHfis milahsk; fhz;f. 18Ar40, 17Cl35, 20Ca40, 17Cl37 (khh;r;-2015> [d;2012>14)

INrhNlhg;Gfs; = 17Cl35 17Cl

37

INrhghh;fs; = 18Ar40 20Ca

40

2. iel;u[dpd; %yf;$W epiw 28. mjd; mZepiw 14. iel;u[dpd; mZf;fl;L vz;iz fhz;f. (khh;r;-2014> nrg; -2013>14)

mZf;fl;L vz; = %yf;$W epiw

mZepiw =

28

14 = 2

3. Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw 32 fp mjd; mlh;j;jp 1.429 fp/yp. Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; Nkhyhu; gUkidf; fz;lwpf. (fhM2014)

fpuhk; Nkhyhu; gUkd; = fpuhk; Nkhyhu; epiw

thAtpd; mlu;j;jp STPy; =

32

1.429 = 22.4 yp

Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; Nkhyhu; gUkd; (GMV) = 22.4 yp (STP-y;)

4. Cl vd;gJ FNshhpd; mZitAk;> Cl2 vd;gJ FNshhpd; %yf;$iwAk; Fwpg;git vdpy; mZf;fSf;Fk;, %yf;$WfSf;Fk; cs;s NtWghLfis ml;ltizg;gLj;Jf. ([d;-15) mZf;fs; (Cl) %yf;$Wfs; (Cl2) Ntjptpidapy; <LgLk; xU jdpkj;jpd; kpfr;rpwpa Jfs; mZthFk;

xU jdpkk; my;yJ Nrh;kj;jpd; mZf;fspd; njhFjp %yf;$whFk;

gpizg;Gwhj Jfs;. gpizg;Gw;w Jfs;. jdpj;Njh my;yJ Nrh;e;Njh fhzg;gLk;. jdpj;Jf; fhzg;gLk;

5. i`l;u[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw 1 fpuhk;. Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw 16 fpuhk; vdpy;> ePhpd; fpuhk; %yf;$W epiwia fzf;fpLf. ([d;-13) i`l;u[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw = 1 fp Mf;]p[dpd; fpuhk; mZepiw = 16 fp

vdNt ePupd; %yf;$W H2O-tpd; epiw = 2 [1] + 1 [16] = 2 + 16 = 18 fpuhk;

6. xU Nkhy; msTs;s ve;j Ntjpg;nghUSk; 6.023 x 1023 Jfs;fisg; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.

3.0115 x 1023 Jfs;fs; nfhz;l CO2 tpd; Nkhy;fs; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf.

Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if

6.023 x 1023

= 3.0115 x 1023

6.023 x 1023 = 0.5 Nkhy;fs;

7. ………… xj;j epa+l;uhd; vz;zpf;ifia ngw;Ws;sd.

m) INrhghh;fs; M) INrhNlhd;fs; ,) INrhNlhg;fs; <) epiw vz;

8. mZf;fl;L vz; mbg;gilapy; tifg;gLj;Jf. m) FNshhpd; M) epahd; ,) gh];gu]; <) XNrhd;

m) FNshupd; - <uZ %yf;$W M) epahd; - XuZ %yf;$W ,) gh];gu]; - gd;k mZ %yf;$W





<) XNrhd; - %tZ %yf;$W

9. gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; jtiwf; fz;lwpe;J jpUj;Jf. m) S.T.P – y; xU thAtpd; Nkhyhh; gUkd; 22.4 nr.kP3 M) 2 x xg;G %yf;$W epiw = Mtp mlh;j;jp. ,) Xh; mZ jdpj;j epiyapy; fhzg;gLtJ ,y;iy. <) %yf;$wpYs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJ my;yJ vspikahdJ my;yJ eph;zapf;f

,ayhJ. c) H2O – Xh; xj;j mZ %yf;$W.

m) S.T.P – y; xU thAtpd; Nkhyhh; gUkd; 22.4 ypl;lu; M) 2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp = xg;G %yf;$W epiw ,) Xh; mZ jdpj;Njh> Nru;e;Njh fhzg;gLk;. <) %yf;$wpYs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJk;> eph;zapf;fg;gl;lJk; MFk;.

Mdhy; vspa tpfpjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpakpy;iy. c) H2O – xU Ntw;W mZ %yf;$W.

10. gpd;tUk; xt;nthd;wpw;f;Fk; xU nrhy;ypy; gjpypLf. m) 6.023 x 1023 %yf;$Wfs; M) S.T.P – y; 22.4 ypl;lh; gUkDs;s thA ,) xU fhh;gd; 12 mZtpy; 1/12 ghfj;jpd; epiw <) xg;G %yf;$W epiwapd; rhpghjp. c) %yf;$W epiw / mZ epiw

m) 6.023 x 1023 %yf;$Wfs; - xU Nkhy; / mtfhl;Nuh vz; M) S.T.P – y; 22.4 ypl;lh; gUkDs;s thA - Nkhyhu; gUkd; ,) xU fhh;gd; 12 mZtpy; 1/12 ghfj;jpd; epiw - Xu; mZ epiw myF <) xg;G %yf;$W epiwapd; rhpghjp. - Mtp mlu;j;jp c) %yf;$W epiw / mZ epiw - mZf;fl;L vz;

11 – Ntjp tpidfs; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2) 1. (i) Rz;zhk;Gf; fy;iyr; #LgLj;Jk;NghJ (ii) nkf;dPrpa ehlhitf; fhw;wpy; vhpf;Fk;NghJ ve;j

tifahd Ntjptpidfs; epfOk;? (khh;r;-2015> [d;2012, 13> nrg;-2013)

(i) rpijTWjy; tpid (CaCO3 ∆ CaO + CO2)

(ii) $Lif tpid / Mf;rp[Ndw;w tpid (Mg + O2 2MgO)

2. ed;F njhpe;j rpy nghUs;fspd; pH kjpg;G fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ ml;ltizia gFg;gha;T nra;J fPNo cs;s Nfs;tpfSf;F tpilaspf;fTk;. (khu;r; 2012>13> [d; -2016> nrg; 15)

m) ve;nje;jg; nghUs;fs; mkpyj;jd;ik cilait? M) ve;nje;jg; nghUs;fs; fhuj;jd;ik cilait?

m) tpdpfh; M) ,uj;jk;> rikay; Nrhlh> tPl;Lg; gad;ghl;L mk;Nkhdpah.

3. ,Uk;G Mzpia jhkpu ry;Ngl; fiurypDs; itf;Fk;NghJ jhkpu ry;Ngl; Vd; epwk; khWfpwJ? cq;fs; tpilf;fhd tpsf;fj;ijj; juTk;. (khu;r; 2013>2014> [d; -2016> nrg;-14>15)

eilngWk; tpid: Fe + CuSO4 FeSO4 + Cu. 1. ,Uk;G jhkpuj;ij tpl tpidj; jpwd; kpf;fJ. 2. ,t;tpidapy; ,Uk;G> jhkpu ry;Ngl;bYs;s jhkpuj;ij ,lg;ngah;r;rp nra;fpwJ. 3. ePyepwkhf ,Ue;j jhkpu ry;Ngl; gr;ir epw ngu;u]; ry;Ngl;-Mf khWfpwJ.

4. xU fiurypd; i`l;uhf;i]L madpapd; nrwpT 1.0x10-8

M vdpy; mjd; pH kjpg;G vd;d? (khh;r;-2014> [d;2013> nrg;-2016)

pOH = - log10[OH-] = -log10(1x10-8)

= -8 x - 1 = 8 pOH = 8

nghUs; pH kjpg;G

,uj;jk; 7.4 rikay; Nrhlh 8.2 tpdpfh; 2.5 tPl;Lg; gad;ghl;L mk;Nkhdpah 12





pH + pOH = 14 pH = 14 - pOH

= 14 – 8 = 6 pH = 6

5. rk ePsKs;s nkf;dPrpa ehlhf;fisr; Nrhjidf; Foha; A kw;Wk; B-apy; vLj;Jf; nfhs;sTk;. Nrhjidf; Foha; A-apy; i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;ijAk;> Nrhjidf; Foha; B-apy; mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ijAk; Nrh;f;fTk;. ,uz;L mkpyq;fspd; msTk; nrwpTk; rkkhf cs;sd. ,tw;wpy; vr;Nrhjidf; Fohapy; tpid mjpf tPhpaj;Jld; eilngWfpwJ? Vd;?

Nrhjidf; Foha; A-y; tpid mjpf tPhpaj;Jld; eilngWk;. fhuzk;: i`l;Nuh FNshupf; mkpyk; mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ijtpl tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJ. (HCl - typik kpF mkpyk;. CH3COOH – typik Fiwe;j mkpyk;)

6. A,B vd;w ,U mkpyq;fs; Kfitapy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. A- mkpykhdJ ePhpy; gFjpasNt gphpifailfpwJ Mdhy; B – mkpykhdJ KOikahf gphpifailfpwJ. (khh;r;-2017)

m) A,B mkpyq;fspy; typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; vJ? typik kpFe;j mkpyk; vJ? M) typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; vd;why; vd;d? ,) typik kpFe;j mkpyk; vd;why; vd;d? <) typik Fiwe;j mkpyj;jpw;Fk; typik kpFe;j mkpyj;jpw;Fk; Xu; vLj;Jf;fhl;L jUf.

m) A - typik Fiwe;j mkpyk;> B - typik kpFe;j mkpyk; M) ePhpy; gFjpasNt madpAWtJ typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; MFk;. (CH3COOH) ,) ePhpy; fiue;J KOtJk; madpAWk; mkpyNk typik kpFe;j mkpykhFk;. (HCl) <) typik Fiwe;j mkpyk; - CH3COOH typik kpFe;j mkpyk; - HCl

7. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Ntjptpidfis cw;WNehf;fp fPo;f;fhZk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f.

m) A,B If; fz;lwpf. M) fhy;rpak; i`l;uhf;i]bd; tzpfg;ngah; ahJ?

,) i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;Jld; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L tpidGhpe;J jUk; tpisnghUs; “C” kw;Wk; “D” I fz;lwpf.

<) fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L mkpyj;jd;ik nfhz;ljh? fhuj;jd;ik nfhz;ljh? vd;gijf; $W.

m) A – CaCO3 (fhy;rpak; fhu;gNdl;) B – CO2 (fhu;gd; il Mf;i]L) M) Rz;zhk;G ePH (ePw;Wr;Rz;zhk;G) ,) C – fhy;rpak; FNshiuL> (CaCl2) D – ePH (H2O) <) fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L fhuj;jd;ik nfhz;lJ.

8. xU Nrhjidf;Fohapy; fhg;gH iel;Nul; vLj;J ntg;gg;gLj;jTk;. m) fhg;gH iel;Nul;bd; epwk; vd;d? M) ePq;fs; fz;lwpe;jJ vd;d? ,) ,t;tpid vt;tifiar; rhh;e;jJ? <) ,t;tpidapd; rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf.

m) ePy epwk; M) fhg;gu; iel;Nul; rpijTw;W NO2 vd;w nrk;gOg;G epw thA ntspahFk;. ,) rpijTWjy; tpid <) rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghL 2Cu(NO3)2 2CuO + 4NO2 + O2

9. jtwhd $w;iwr; rhp nra;f: (khh;r;-2016> nrg;-2016) m) Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNal; czTg; nghUs;fisg; gjg;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpwJ. M) tptrhaj;jpy; iel;hpf; mkpyk; cukhf gad;gLtjpy;iy. ,) fe;jf mkpyk; Ntjpg;nghUs;fspd; murd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. <) mkpyj;jpd; pH kjpg;G 7 I tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;. c) fhw;W milf;fg;gl;l ghdq;fspy; mrpl;bf; mkpyk; gad;gLfpwJ.





m) Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNal; czTg; nghUs;fis gjg;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpwJ. - rhp M) tptrhaj;jpy; iel;hpf; mkpyk; cuk; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. ,) fe;jf mkpyk; Ntjpg; nghUs;fspd; murd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. -rhp <) mkpyj;jpy; pH kjpg;G 7 I tpl Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. c) fhw;W milf;fg;gl;l ghdq;fspy; fhh;ghdpf; mkpyk; gad;gLfpwJ.

10. Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidfspy;> vyf;l;uhd; ghpkhw;wk; eilngWfpwJ. nkf;dPrpak; mZthdJ ,U vyf;l;uhd;fis ,U FNshhpd; mZf;fSf;Fg; ghpkhw;wk; nra;fpwJ.

m) ,t;tpidapd; tpisnghUs; vd;d? M) ,t;tpidf;fhd rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf. ,) ve;jj;jdpkk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wkilfpwJ? <) ve;jj;jdpkk; xLf;fkilfpwJ?

c) ,t;tpidapd; xLf;fkilAk; gFjpia vOJf.

m) nkf;dPrpak; FNshiuL - MgCl2 M) Mg + Cl2 MgCl2 ,) nkf;dPrpak; - Mg (,uz;L vyf;l;uhd;fis ,of;fpwJ) <) FNshupd; - Cl (xt;nthd;Wk; xt;nthU vyf;l;uhd;fis Vw;fpwJ) c) FNshupd; xLf;f tpid Cl2 + 2e

- 2Cl

-

11. fPo;f;fhZk; $w;WfSf;F jFe;j fhuzk; $Wf. m) gl;lhR jahhpg;gpy;> nkf;dPrpak; ehlhitf; fhl;bYk; Jshf;fg;gl;l nkf;dPrpaNk

gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. M) Jj;jehfk; kw;Wk; ePh;j;j fe;jf mkpyj;Jldhd tpidapy;> rpy Jspfs; fhg;gH ry;Ngl;

fiuriy Nrh;f;Fk; nghOJ Ntfkhf tpid eilngWfpwJ. ,) nkf;dPrpak; fhh;gNdl; kw;Wk; ePh;j;j i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;Jldhd tpidapy; rpy Jspfs;

mlH i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;ij NrHf;Fk; nghOJ tpidapd; Ntfk; mjpfhpf;Fk;.

m) Jshf;fg;gl;l Mg-y; Gwg;gug;G mjpfk;. ,jdhy; tpidNtfKk; mjpfkhFk;.

M) fhg;gu; ry;Ngl; (CuSO4) tpidA+f;fpahf nray;gLfpwJ. ,) mlu; mkpyj;jpy; HCl-d; nrwpT mjpfk;. vdNt mlu; mkpyj;NjhL tpidGupAk; tpidapd;

NtfKk; mjpfhpf;Fk;. (tpidgL nghUl;fspd; nrwpT mjpfkhdhy; tpidapd; Ntfk; mjpfupf;Fk;)

12. Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;i]L> i`l;NuhFNshhpf; mkpyj;Jldhd tpidapd; rkd;ghL nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ.

NaOH + HCl NaCl + H2O (fiury;) (fiury;) (fiury;) (ePHkk;) m) ,J vt;tifahd Ntjptpidiar; rhh;e;jJ? M) ,t;tpid ntg;g ckpo;tpid. ,t;tpidia

tpsf;Ff. ,) ntg;g ckpo;tpid> ntg;gk; nfhs; tpidf;fhd NtWghl;ilj;jUf. <) ,it tpidGhpAk; NghJ> ntg;gepiyapy; vd;d khw;wk; Vw;gLfpwJ?

m) eLepiyahf;fy; tpid / ,ul;il ,lg;ngau;r;rp tpid M) Nrhbak; i`l;uhf;irLk; i`l;Nuh FNshupf; mkpyKk; tpidGupAk; NghJ ntg;gj;ij

ntspapl;L cg;igAk; ePiuAk; jUfpwJ. vdNt ,J ntg;g ckpo;tpid ,)

vz; ntg;g ckpo;tpid ntg;gk; nfhs;tpid 1. ntg;gj;ij ntspapLk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpypUe;J ntg;gj;ij vLj;Jf; nfhs;Sk;. 2. midj;J vupjy; tpidfSk;

,t;tifiar; Nru;e;jit. midj;J Fspu;jy; tpidfSk; ,t;tifiar; Nru;e;jit.

v.fh: fhy;rpak; fhu;gNdl; ePupy; fiujy;

v.fh: nghl;lhrpak; iel;Nul; ePupy; fiujy;

<) ntg;g ckpo; tpidapy; ntg;gk; ckpog;gl;L me;j mikg;gpd; ntg;gepiy mjpfupf;Fk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpw;Fk; flj;jg;gLk;. ntg;gk; nfhs;tpidapd; NghJ me;j mikg;G Fspu;r;rpailAk;. Rw;Wg;Gwj;jpypUe;J ntg;gk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;sg;gLk;.

13. ,U $k;Gf;FLitia vLj;Jf; nfhz;L mtw;iw I kw;Wk; II vdf;Fwpg;gpLf. Kjy; $k;Gf;FLitapy; rpwpjsT fhg;gH ry;Ngl; fiuriyAk;> ,uz;lhtJ $k;Gf;FLitapy; rpwpjsT Jshf;fg;gl;l Jj;jehfj;ijAk; vLj;Jf;nfhs;f. fhg;gH ry;Ngl; fiuriyj; Jj;jehfj;Jld; tpidapy; <LgLj;Jf. m) ,t;tpid vt;tifahd tpid?





M) Jj;jehf cNyhfkhdJ> mjpf tpidj;jpwd; cilajh? my;yJ Fiwe;j tpidj;jpwd; cilajh? vdf; $Wf.

,) ,jw;fhd rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf. <) ,jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; kPs;khw;wkh my;yJ kPsh khw;wkh vdf;$Wf.

m) ,lg;ngaHr;rp tpid my;yJ Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpid M) mjpf tpidj;jpwd; (NeHkpd; jd;ik) cilaJ. ,) CuSO4 + Zn ZnSO4 + Cu <) ,J kPsh khw;wk;

14. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapd; ehd;F njhFjpfisAk; njhlHGgLj;Jf.

NrHkk; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL

Ntjpg;ngaH gad;fs;

1. ryitNrhlh CaOCl2 fhy;rpak; ry;Ngl; n`kp i`l;Nul; rpiyfs; nra;a 2. rikay;Nrhlh Na2CO3 Nrhbak; igfhh;gNdl; fbdePiu nkd;ikgLj;j 3. ryitj;Js; CaSO4.1/2 H2O Nrhbak; fhh;gNdl; Nff; jahhpf;f 4. ghhP];rhe;J NaHCO3 fhy;rpak; Mf;]pFNshiuL ntSf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ.

NrHkk; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL

Ntjpg;ngaH gad;fs;

1. ryitNrhlh Na2CO3 Nrhbak; fhh;gNdl; fbdePiu nkd;ikgLj;j 2. rikay;Nrhlh NaHCO3 Nrhbak; igfhh;gNdl; Nff; jahhpf;f 3. ryitj;Js; CaOCl2 fhy;rpak; Mf;]pFNshiuL ntSf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. 4. ghhP];rhe;J CaSO4.1/2 H2O fhy;rpak; ry;Ngl; n`kp i`l;Nul; rpiyfs; nra;a

15. fhhPaj;Jis fhg;gH FNshiuL fiurYld; Nrh;f;Fk; nghOJ ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpidapd; %yk; jpz;k fhg;gH cUthfpwJ.

m) ,t;tpidapd; Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;il vOJf. M) ,lg;ngah;r;rp tpid Vd; epfo;fpwJ?

m) Pb + CuCl2 PbCl2 + Cu M) fhhPak;> fhg;giu tpl tpidj;jpwd; kpf;fJ. tpidj;jpwd; Fiwe;j fhg;giu mJ

,lg;ngau;r;rp nra;fpwJ.

16. Jj;jehfj;ijAk;> fhg;gH (II) ry;Ngl;ilAk; NrHj;J ntg;gg;gLj;Jk; nghOJ> fPo;f;fz;l Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidahdJ eilngWfpwJ. Zn(s) + CuSO4 (aq) ZnSO4 (aq) + Cu(s) m) Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;fk; vd;gJ vijf; Fwpf;fpwJ? M) ,t;tpidapy; eilngWk; vyf;l;uhd; ghpkhw;wj;ij tpsf;Ff. ,) ,e;j Mf;]p[Ndw;w – xLf;f tpidf;fhd madprkd;ghl;il vOJf.

m) Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk; Mf;]p[d; xLf;fKk; xNu rkaj;jpy; eilngw;why; mJ Mf;]p[Ndw;w xLf;f tpidahFk;.

M) Mf;]p[Ndw;w tpidapd;NghJ vyf;l;uhd; gupkhw;wk; : Zn Zn2+

+ 2e-

Mf;]p[d; xLf;f tpidapd;NghJ vyf;l;uhd; gupkhw;wk; : Cu2+

+ 2e- Cu

,) Mf;]p[Ndw;w-xLf;f tpid: Zn + Cu2+

Zn2+

+ Cu

17. xU tpidapy; xU Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[id Vw;Wf;nfhz;lhy; mJ Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ. Mdhy; Mf;]p[id ,oe;jhy; xLf;fkilfpwJ. Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk; xLf;fKk; xNu rkaj;jpy; epfo;tjdhy; xU Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wKk;> kw;nwhd;W xLf;fKk; milfpwJ. ,f;fUj;ijg; gad;gLj;jp gpd;tUk; rkd;ghl;by; vr;Nrh;kk; Mf;]p[Ndw;wkilfpwJ> xLf;fkilfpwJ vd;gijf; $Wf. m) 2Mg(s) + O2(g) 2MgO(s)

M) ZnO + C Zn + CO

,) Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe + 3CO2

<) Cr2 O3 + 2Al Al2 O3 + 2Cr

m) Mg Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ O2- Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. M) Zn - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. C - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ. ,) Fe - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. CO - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ. <) Cr - Mf;]p[d; xLf;fk; milfpwJ. Al - Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; milfpwJ.





18. fiurypd; i`l;u[d; madpapd; nrwpT 1x10-8

M vdpy; m) ,f;fiurypd; pH kjpg;G ahJ? M) ,f;fiurypd; pOH kjpg;G ahJ? ,) ,f;fiury; mkpyj;jd;ikAilajh> fhuj;jd;ikAilajh vd;gij Ma;e;J $Wf.

m) pH = -log 10[H+]

= -log10[1x10-8]

= - [log101 + log1010-8] = - [0 +(- 8 log 1010)] = -[0+(-8)] (fhuzk; log101 = 0)

pH = 8 (fhuzk; log1010 = 1)

M) pH + pOH = 14 8 + pOH = 14

pOH = 14 - 8 = 6

pOH = 6

,) fhuj;jd;ik cilaJ. (fhuzk; pH kjpg;G 7-I tpl mjpfkhdhy; mJ fhuk;)

12 – jdpkq;fspd; MtHj;jd tifg;ghL (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2)

1. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; : jhkpug; ghj;jpuq;fs; Ja;ikg;gLj;jg;gltpy;iy vdpy;> gr;ir epwg; gbkk; Njhd;WfpwJ. fhuzk; : ,e;jg; gbkj;jpw;fhd fhuzk; fhuj; jhkpuf; fhh;gNdl;.

m) cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; rup> fhuzk; rup. fhuzk; rupahf nghUe;JfpwJ. (khh;r;-17> [d;-12>nrg;-15>16) M) cWjpg;gLj;Jjy; rup. fhuzk; rhpahf nghUe;jtpy;iy.

2. ry;/igL jhJit mlh;g;gpf;fg; gad;gLk; Kiw ……….. ([d; 2016) (Eiu kpjg;G Kiw / GtpaPh;g;G Kiw) (epidtpy; nfhs;f: fhg;gu; igiul; jhJ (CuFeS2) Eiu kpjg;G Kiwapy; mlu;g;gpf;fg;gLfpwJ)

3. ,Uk;G cNyhfg; gug;gpd;kPJ NtW cNyhfj;ijg; G+Rtjhy; JUg;gpbj;jypy; ,Ue;J jLf;fyhk;. ,e;j ,Uk;gpd;kPJ Jj;jehfj; Jfis nky;ypajhfg; G+rpdhy; mjw;F …… vd;W ngah;.

(Jj;jehf Kyhk; G+Rjy; / tz;zg;G+r;R mbj;jy; / vjph;Kid ghJfhj;jy;)

4. ve;j cNyhfk; ghjurj;Jld; Nrh;e;jhYk; mjw;F ,urf;fyit vd;W ngah;. gw;Fopfis milg;gjw;Fg; gad;gLk; ,urf;fyit ….. ( [d;2016 ) (Ag-Sn ,urf;fyit / Cu-Sn ,urf;fyit)

5. cWjpg;gLj;Jjy;: ntg;gj;jhy; xl;b ,izj;jypy; (njh;ikl; gw;witg;ghdpy;) mYkpdpaj;JSld; Fe2O3 gad;gLfpwJ. fhuzk;: mYkpdpaj;Js; xU typikahd xLf;Fk; fhuzp. cWjpg;gLj;Jjiy tpsf;Fk; tifapy; fhuzk; rhpahf cs;sjh?

Mk;. fhuzk; rupahf cs;sJ. (mYkpdpak; Fe2O3 ia Fe ahf xLf;FfpwJ. Fe2O3 + 2Al 2Fe + Al2O3.)

6. thiy tbePupy; ,Uk;G Mzp JUg;gpbj;jy; epfOkh? cq;fs; gjpYf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $Wf. (khu;r; 2012> [_d; 2012> 2014)

elf;Fk;. Vnddpy;> thiy tbePupy; Mf;]p[d; fiue;Js;sJ. ,Uk;G JUg;gpbg;gjw;Fj; Njitahd ePUk; Mf;]p[Dk; mq;F ,Ug;gjhy; ,Uk;G JUg;gpbf;Fk;

7. ,Uk;G mlh; HCl clDk;> mlh; H2SO4 clDk; tpidGhpfpwJ. Mdhy;> mlh; HNO3 cld; tpidGhptJ ,y;iy. chpa fhuzj;Jld; cq;fs; tpilia vOJf. (khh;r;-15> [d; 2015> nrg;-13)

,Uk;G mlh; HNO3 cld; tpidGupAk;NghJ ,Uk;G Mf;i]L glyk; cUthfp tpLtjhy; ,Uk;G jd; tpidj;jpwid ,of;fpwJ. vdNt Nkw;nfhz;L tpid eilngWtjpy;iy.

8. mYkpdpa cNyhff; fyit, thDh;jpapd; ghfq;fs; jahhpf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. mjw;fhd fhuzq;fis $wTk;. (khh;r;-2014> [d;2013> nrg;-2014)

mYkpdpak; cNyhff; fyit 1) ,NyrhdJ. 2) typikahdJ. 3) mhpg;igj; jLg;gJ.

9. X vd;w nts;sp Nghd;w ntz;ikepw cNyhfk; Mf;]p[Dld; tpidGupe;J Y- Ij; jUfpwJ. ,e;j Y vd;w Nrh;kkhdJ X vd;w cNyhfk; ePuhtpAld; tpidGhpAk; NghJ i`l;u[id ntspapl;Lf; fpilf;fpwJ. X kw;Wk; Y-If; fz;Lgpbf;f. (khu;r; 2012> [d; 2012> nrg; 2013>16)

X- mYkpdpak; (Al) Y- mYkpdh my;yJ mYkpdpak; Mf;i]L (Al2O3)





Kjy; tpid: 4Al + 3O2 2Al2O3. ,uz;lhk; tpid: 2Al + 3H2O Al2O3+3H2↑

10. gpd;tUk; FWf;nfOj;Jg; Gjpiuj; jPh;f;f.

fh u fp j o s J u t r u j lh L z rh njh l H; hp k q; `h y [ d; F w d ep z; f r g l j jp a hP ah q k; f k Q e z y d d; m Nah b d; e rP E jh rp u k e; j th A f; f s; eh l f M f; b id L f s; uh L

NkypUe;J fPo; ,lkpUe;J tyk; m) nrq;Fj;J thpirfs; njhFjpfs; vd;wiof;fg;gLk;

m) fpilkl;l thpirfs; njhlh; vdg;gLk;

M) ,uz;lhk; njhFjpj; jdpkq;fs; fhukz; cNyhfq;fs;

M) Kjy; njhFjp jdpkq;fs; fhu cNyhfq;fs;

,) tpsk;gu gy;Gfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; xU ke;j thA epahd;

,) 17 – tJ njhFjp jdpkq;fs; N`Nyh[d; FLk;gk; vd;W miof;fg;gLk;

<) fhul;by; vilapLk; mlh; kQ;rs; epw gsgsg;ghd cNyhfk; jq;fk;

<) 18 – tJ njhFjp jdpkq;fs; ke;jthAf;fs; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpd;wJ.

c) ijuha;il Fzg;gLj;j cjTk;. N`Nyh[d; njhFjpiar; rhh;e;j xU jdpkk;. mNahbd;

C) VohtJ njhlhpYs;s cs; ,ilepiyj; jdpkq;fs;. Mf;bidLfs;

11. gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F xU nrhy;ypy; gjpypLf. m) GtpapypUe;J jhJf;fisg; gphpj;njLf;Fk; Kiw. M) jhJg; nghUs;fSld; fye;Js;s kz; khRf;fs;. ,) cUFepiyiaf; Fiwf;f jhJTld; Nrh;f;fg;gLk; nghUs; <) tWj;j cNyhf Mf;i]il cUfpa epiyapy; cNyhfkhf khw;Wk; XH xLf;ftpid. c) Fiwe;j tpidjpwd; cs;s cNyhfq;fs; ,aw;ifapy; ,t;thW fhzg;gLfpd;wd.

m) Ruq;fKiw M) jhJf;$sk; ,) ,sf;fp <) cUf;fp gphpj;jy; c) jdpj;j epiyapy; cs;sd.

12. gpd;tUk; cNyhftpay; topKiwfis cNyhfq;fisg; gphpj;njLj;jypy; rhpahd thpirapy; njhlh;GgLj;Jf. (tWj;jy;> ng];]pkuhf;Fjy;> `hy; Kiw> cUf;fp gphpj;jy; (xLf;fk;)> Ngah; Kiw> kpd;dhw; gFg;G Kiwapy; Ja;ik> CJ ciy> fhw;wpy;yhr; #oypy; ePw;Wjy;> Gtp<Hg;G Kiw> Eiu kpjg;G Kiw).

cNyhfk; gb 1 gb 2 gb 3 gb 4 gb 5 Al -- -- --

Cu

Fe --





cNyhfk; gb 1 gb 2 gb 3 gb 4 gb 5 Al Ngah;Kiw `hy;Kiw -- -- --

Cu Eiu kpjg;G Kiw tWj;jy; cUf;fp gpupj;jy; (xLf;fk;)

ng];]pkuhf;Fjy; kpd;dhw;gFg;G Kiw Ja;ik

Fe Gtp<h;g;G Kiw tWj;jy;> ePw;Wjy;

CJ ciy cUf;fpgphpj;jy; --

13. gpd;tUtdtw;iw xUkpj;j gz;Gfspd; mbg;gilapy; nghUj;Jf.

cNyhfk; jhJ Ntjp tha;g;ghL xLf;f Kiw Al N`kill; PbS CJ ciy

Cu ghf;irl; Fe2O3 ng];]pkuhf;Fjy;

Fe fhg;gh; igiul; Al2O3.2H2O Eiu kpjg;G Kiw

Pb fyPdh CuFeS2 `hy; Kiw

cNyhfk; jhJ Ntjp tha;g;ghL xLf;f Kiw Al ghf;irl; Al2O3.2H2O `hy; Kiw Cu fhg;gh; igiul; CuFeS2 ng];]pkuhf;Fjy; Fe N`kill; Fe2O3 CJ ciy Pb fyPdh PbS Eiu kpjg;G Kiw

14. cNyhff;fyitfs; gw;wpa rpy $w;Wfs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; jtwhdtw;iwf; fz;lwpe;J jpUj;Jf.

m) ,J cNyhfq;fspd; xU gbj;jhd fyit. M) Zn ,urf;fyit gw;Fopfis milf;fg;gad;;gLfpwJ. ,) rpiyfs;> ehzaq;fs;> Nfhtpy; kzpfs; jahhpf;f bA+uYkpd; gad;gLfpwJ. <) ed;F cUf;fg;gl;l cNyhfq;fis mOj;jj;jpw;F cl;gLj;jp cNyhff; fyitfs;

jahhpf;fg;gLfpd;wd. c) gpj;jisapy; Zn xU fiug;ghd;. m) rhp M) Ag - Sn urf;fyit gw;Fopfis milf;fg;gad;gLfpwJ.

,) rpiyfs;> ehzaq;fs;> Nfhtpy; kzpfs; jahupf;f ntz;fyk; gad;gLfpwJ. <) rhp c) gpj;jisapy; Zn xU fiunghUs;.

15. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf.

kz;lyk; ntg;gepiy Ntjptpid vhpepiy kz;lyk; CaCO3 CaO + CO2

CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 400

oC

kz;lyk; ntg;gepiy Ntjptpid vhpepiy kz;lyk; 1500oC C + O2 CO2 + ntg;g Mw;wy; cUf;F kz;lyk; 1000oC CaCO3 CaO + CO2

CaO + SiO2 CaSiO3 xLf;Fk; kz;lyk; 400

oC Fe2O3 + 3CO 2Fe+ 3CO2

16. ehd; ahh; vdf; fz;lwpf. m) ehd; tpiy kypthd Mdhy; tpid jpwd; kpf;f cNyhfk;. vdNt ,Uk;G nghUs;fisg;

ghJfhf;f vd;id ehNd mopj;Jf;nfhs;Ntd;. M) ehd; xU jpz;k fiury;. gy; kUj;Jth;fs; gw;Fopfis milf;f vd;idg; gad;gLj;Jthh;fs;. ,) ,uj;j epwkpapy; ehd; xU gFjpg;nghUs;. ehd; mstpy; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ mk;kdpjd;

,uj;j Nrhifahy; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwhd;. <) jhJf;$sk;> ,sf;fpAld; tpidGhpAk; NghJ ehd; cUthNtd;.

m) nkf;dPrpak; - Mg M) Ag-Sn ,urf;fyit ,) ,Uk;G – Fe <) frL





17. gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F XhpU nrhw;fspy; tpilaspf;f. m) ‘`hy;khh;f; jq;fj;jpy;’ cs;s jq;fj;jpd; rjtPjk; ahJ? M) rhy;Nfhn[d;]; vd;gjd; nghUs; ahJ? ,) mwptpay; cgfuzq;fs; jahhpg;gpy; gad;gLk; cNyhfq;fs; ahit? <) xspr;Nrh;f;iff;fhd gr;iraj;jpy; fhzg;gLk; cNyhfk; vJ? c) ,Uk;G <uf;fhw;Wld; tpidGhpe;J mjd; gug;gpy; nrk;gOg;G epwr; Nrh;kj;ij Njhw;Wtpf;fpwJ.

mJ vd;d? mjd; ,iaigj; jUf.

m) 91.67 % M) njhFjp 16-y; cs;s Mf;]p[d; FLk;gj;ijr; Nru;e;j jdpkq;fs; rhy;Nfhn[d;];

jdpkq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. rhy;Nfhn[d;]; vd;w nrhy;Yf;F „Ruq;fj;jpy; fpilg;gJ‟ vd;gJ nghUs;.

,) mYkpdpak; (Al) nkf;dPrpak; (Mg) <) nkf;dPrpak; (Mg) c) ePNuwpa ,Uk;G III Mf;i]L Fe2O3 . x H2O

18. nghUj;Jf. ,Uk;gpd; tif fhh;gd; rjtPjk; gad;fs; v/F 2 – 4.5% rhf;fil %bfs; kw;Wk; fopT ePh;f; Foha;fs; jahhpf;f NjdpUk;G 0.25 – 2% fl;blq;fs; fl;l kw;Wk; ve;jpuq;fs; jahhpf;f thh;g;gpUk;G < 0.25% kpd;fhe;jq;fs; jahhpf;f

,Uk;gpd; tif fhh;gd; rjtPjk; gad;fs; v/F 0.25 – 2% fl;blq;fs; fl;l kw;Wk; ve;jpuq;fs; jahhpf;f NjdpUk;G < 0.25% kpd;fhe;jq;fs; jahhpf;f thh;g;gpUk;G 2 – 4.5% rhf;fil %bfs; kw;Wk; fopT ePh;f; Foha;fs; jahhpf;f

13 - fhHgDk; mjd; NrHkq;fSk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-1)

1. C4H10 vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nfhz;l midj;J khw;wpaq;fisAk; vOjp mjw;Fhpa IUPAC ngahpLf. ([d;2013)

1. CH3 – CH2 – CH2 – CH3 nghJ ngau;: n - gpa+l;Nld; IUPAC ngau;: gpa+l;Nld;

2. ituk; fhh;gDila GwNtw;Wik tbtq;fSs; xd;whFk;. mjd; fbdj;jd;ikf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $Wf. (khu;r;2013> 16> [d;2016)

ituj;jpYs;s xt;nthU fhh;gd; mZTk; kw;w ehd;F fhh;gd; mZf;fSld; ehd;Kfp mikg;gpy; gpizg;Gw;W> fbdkhd Kg;ghpkhz mikg;ig cUthf;FfpwJ. vdNt ituk; fbdj;jd;ik nfhz;ljhf ,Uf;fpwJ.

3. CWfha; gjg;gLj;jYf;Fg; gad;gLk; A vd;w fhpkr; Nrh;kj;jpd; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL C2H4O2 ,r;Nrh;kk; vj;jdhYld; tpidGhpe;J ,dpa kzKila Nrh;kk; Biaj; jUfpwJ. ([d;-2015>khh;r;-17)

i) Nrh;kk; A kw;Wk; B iaf; fz;Lgpbf;f. ii) ,k;Kiwapd; nganuOjp> mjd; Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;il vOJf.

i) A vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;(mrpl;bf; mkpyk;) tha;g;ghL – CH3COOH

B vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal;(vj;jpy; mrpl;Nll;) tha;g;ghL – CH3COOC2H5

ii) v];luhf;Fjy; tpid

4. C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghLila A vd;w fhpkr; Nrh;kk; fhuk; fye;j KMnO4 Kd;dpiyapy;

Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; mile;J> mNj fhh;gd; vz;zpf;ifAs;s B vd;w mkpyj;ij jUfpwJ. Nrh;kk; A ahdJ> kUj;Jtkidfspy; fhaq;fisf; Fzg;gLj;jg; gad;gLfpwJ. Nrh;kk; A kw;Wk; Bia fz;Lgpbf;f. Aia, Bahf khw;Wk; Ntjpr; rkd;ghl;ilj; jUf.





A CH3-CH2-OH vj;jdhy; B CH3- COOH mrpl;bf; mkpyk; my;yJ vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;

5. A,B vd;w ,U Nrh;kq;fs; C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;il ngw;Ws;sd. ,it ,uz;Lk; ntt;NtW fl;likg;Gfisg; ngw;Ws;sd.

m) ,g;gz;gpw;F vd;d ngah;? M) A kw;Wk; B Mfpatw;wpd; fl;likg;Gfis vOJ. ,) mtw;wpd; nghJ kw;Wk; IUPAC ngah;fis vOJ. <) A kw;Wk; Bapy; cs;s tpid nray; njhFjpfis vOJ.

m) khw;wpaq;fs; M)

khw;wpak;-1: vj;jdhy; khw;wpak;-2: il nkj;jpy; <j;ju;

A – CH3CH2OH B - CH3-O-CH3

,) Nru;kq;fs; khw;wpak; nghJg;ngau; IUPAC ngau; A CH3CH2OH vj;jpy; My;f`hy; vj;jdhy; B CH3-O-CH3 ilnkj;jpy; <jh; kPj;jhf;rp kPj;Njd;

<) Nru;kq;fs; tpidnray; njhFjpfs; A -OH (My;f`hy;) B -O- (<ju;)

6. milg;Gf;Fwpapy; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;stw;wpypUe;J rhpahdtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J vOJ. i`l;Nuhfhh;gd;fspy; fhh;gDf;Fk; fhh;gDf;Fk; ,ilapy; …………. (,ul;il / Kg;gpizg;G)

nfhz;lit ……….. (my;fPd; / my;ifd;) ,tw;wpd; nghJthd tha;g;ghL CnH2n. ,it Kd;dh; …………. (xypgPd;fs; / ghugPd;fs;) vd;W miof;fg;gl;ld. ,r;Nrh;kk; …………. (GNuhkpd; / Rz;zhk;G) ePUld; tpidGhpe;J epwj;ij ePf;FfpwJ. Vnddpy; ,J …………. (epiwTw;w / epiwTwhj) Nrh;kk;.

1) ,ul;il gpizg;G 2) my;fPd; 3) xypgPd;fs; 4) GNuhkpd; 5) epiwTwhj

7. fPNo Fwpg;gpl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfisf; nfhz;L Nrh;kq;fisf; fz;lwpf. m) 30% Rf;Nuhirf; nfhz;l mlh;e;j epwj;ij cila fiury;. M) vj;jdhy; jahhpg;gpy; <];bw;F czthf Nrh;f;fg;gLk; Nrh;kk;. ,) ,e;j nehjp Rf;Nuhir> FSf;Nfh]hfTk;> gpuf;Nlh]hfTk; khw;WfpwJ. <) ,r;Nrh;kk; 95.5% vj;jdhiyAk; 4.5% ePiuAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. c) ,r;Nrh;kk; 100% Ja My;f`hiyg; ngw;Ws;sJ.

m) fopTg;ghF M) mk;Nkhdpak; ry;Ngl; (m) mk;Nkhdpak; gh];Ngl; ,) ,d;th;Nl]; <) vhprhuhak; c) jdp My;f`hy;

8. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpsf;fq;fspy; vj;jdhy; my;yJ vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpw;F nghUj;jkhdtw;iwf; ftdpj;J $Wf.

m) ,J epwkw;w vhpRit nfhz;l xU ePHkk;. M) ,J Ma;tfj;jpy; caphp khjphpfisg; ghJfhf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. ,) ,J czT> gor;rhWfisg; ghJfhf;fg; gad;gLfpwJ. <) ,J Fspuitf;Fk; NghJ gdpf;fl;b Nghd;w gbfq;fis cUthf;FfpwJ.

m) vj;jdhy; M) vj;jdhy; ,) vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; <) vj;jdhapf; mkpyk;

9. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fs; / nrhw;nwhlu;fis fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s $w;WfSld; nghUj;Jf. (nkj;jdhy;> nehjpj;jy;> jd; rfg;gpizg;G cUthjy;> gbthpir> i`l;u[d; thA) m) xU fhh;gd; kw;w fhh;gd;fSld; Nrh;e;J rq;fpypj;njhlh; rfg;gpizg;ig cUthf;Fk; jd;ik. M) My;f`hy; Nrhbak; cNyhfj;Jld; tpid GhpAk; NghJ ntspg;gLj;JtJ. ,) fhpkr;Nrh;kq;fs; gw;wpa Kiwahd Ma;tpw;F toptFg;gJ. <) nehjpfspd; %ykhf xU fhpkr; Nrh;kj;jpy; nkJthf Ntjptpid epfo;e;J rpwpa %yf;$W cUthtJ. c) vj;jdhiyg; Nghypy;yhky; ,jid rpwpJ msNt gUfpdhYk; kuzk; epfoTk; tha;g;Gs;sJ.

m) jd; rfg;gpizg;G M) i`l;u[d; thA ,) gbthpir <) nehjpj;jy; c) nkj;jdhy;





,aw;gpay;

15- ,af;f tpjpfSk;; <Hg;gpaYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-2) 1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. (khh;r;-2013>15> [d;- 2012>13> nrg;-2015)

m. tpir = epiw x KLf;fk; vdpy; ce;jk; = ……..… M. ,uhf;nfl;by; jput i`l;u[d; vdpy;> MRI glk; gpbj;jypy; ……..… gad;gLfpwJ.

m. ce;jk; = epiw x jpir Ntfk; M. jput `Pypak;

2. fPo;f;fhZk; $w;Wfspy; jtWfs; ,Ug;gpd; jpUj;Jf. (khh;r;-14> [d;-12>13> nrg;-14>16) m. xU epA+l;ld; tpir vd;gJ xU fpuhk; epiwAs;s nghUspy; 1ms

-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpirapd; msitf; Fwpf;Fk;.

M. tpidAk; vjpu; tpidAk; vg;NghJk; xNu nghUspd; kPJ nray;gLk;.

m. xU epA+l;ld; tpir vd;gJ xU fpNyhfpuhk; epiwAs;s nghUspd; 1ms-2 KLf;fj;ij Vw;gLj;Jk; tpirapd; msitf; Fwpf;Fk;.

M. tpidAk; vjpu; tpidAk; vg;NghJk; ,U NtWg;gl;l nghUspd; kPJ nray;gLk;.

3. Fspupj; njhopy;El;gj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gad; Fspup vupnghUs; MFk;. Fspup vupnghUs; vd;gjd; nghUis tpsf;Ff. (nrg;-2013>2014) 1. Fspupj; njhopy; El;gj;jpd; Kf;fpakhd gad;ghL Fspup vupnghUs; MFk;. 2. kpff;Fiwe;j ntg;gepiyapy; jputepiyapy; itf;fg;gLk; thA vupnghUs; Fspup vupnghUs; MFk;. 3. Fspup vupnghUl;fs; ,uhf;nfl;Lfspy; vupnghUshf gad;gLfpwJ. 4. v.fh: jput i`l;u[d;

4. ,lQ;Ropj; jpUg;Gj;jpwid ……..… FwpapYk;> tyQ;Ropj; jpUg;Gj;jpwid ……..… FwpapYk; Fwpg;gpLtJ kuG. (khh;r;-2013>2016> [d;-16> nrg;-2015)

Neh;> vjph;.

5. 20 fpuhk; epiwAs;s Jg;ghf;fp Fz;lhdJ xU kug;gyifia 75 kPtp-1 vd;w Ntfj;jpy; jhf;FfpwJ. mf;Fz;L kug;gyifapy; 5nr.kP CLUtpa gpwF mikjp epiyf;F tUfpwJ vdpy; Fz;bd; kPJ kug;gyif Vw;gLj;Jk; ruhrup jLg;G tpirapidf; fzf;fpLf.

njhlf;f jpirNtfk; u = 75 kP/tp ,Wjp jpirNtfk; v = 0 epiw m = 20 g = 20x10-3 Kg fle;j njhiyT s = 5 x 10-2m

tpir = ? tpir F = ma

v2 = u2 + 2as

0 = u2 + 2as 2as = - u2

a = −𝑢2

2𝑠

= − 75 𝑋 75

2 𝑋 5 𝑋 10−2

= −(75 𝑋 75)

10−1 = –(75 x 75) x 10

a = –56250 ms-2

F = m x a = 20 x 10-3 x – 56250

= – 1125 000 x 1

1000 ( ∵10-3 =

1

1000 )

= – 1125 N

ruhrhp jLg;G tpir = –1125N (jpirNtfk; vjpu; jpir vd;gjhy; tpir vjpu;Fwp ngWfpwJ)

6. tpw;gid js;Stz;bapd; epiw 65 fp.fp. tz;bia 0.3 kPtp-2 vd;w mstpy; KLf;Ftpf;f ePq;fs; nray;gLj;j Ntz;ba tpirapd; msitf; fzf;fpL.

m = 65 fp.fp a = 0.3 kP/tp2





F = ma

= 65 x 0.3

=19.5 N

7. jpUFf;FwLtpd; (spanner) ifg;gpb ePskhf ,Ug;gJ Vd;? 1. ifg;gpb ePskhf ,Ug;gjhy; mjpf jpUg;Gj;jpwid Vw;gLj;j KbAk;;. 2. vdNt tpir nray;gLk; Gs;spapypUe;J tiuag;gLk; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;bd; ePsk; mjpfkhf mika

ifg;gpb ePskhf cs;sJ. jpUg;G jpwd; = tpir x nrq;Fj;J njhiyT.

8. Fj;Jr; rz;il tPuu; xUtiu mtUld; rz;ilapLk; vjpuhsp jd; K\;bahy; Fj;Jk;nghOJ> Vd; mt;tPuu; vjpuhsp Fj;Jk;jpirapNyNa efUfpwhu;? 1. tpir nray;gLk; fhy msT mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ Fj;Jr;rz;il tPuu; K\;bahy; Fj;Jk;NghJ

Vw;glf;$ba tpirapd; msT FiwAk;. 2. vjpuhsp Fj;Jk;NghJ Fj;Jk; Neuj;ij mjpfupj;J tpirapd; Ntfj;ij Fiwg;gjw;fhf mNj

jpirapy; rw;W efu;fpwhu;. (efuhky; epw;ghuhdhy; vjpuhspapd; Fj;J gykhf tpOk;)

9. clw;gapw;rpf; $lj;jpd; tpupg;GfSk;> tpisahl;L tPuu;fs; mzpAk; ghJfhg;G rPUilfSf;Fk; nkd;ikahd nghUs;fisNa gad;gLj;Jfpd;wdu;. Vd; fbdkhd nghUs;fisg; gad;gLj;Jtjpy;iy? 1. tpir nray;gLk; fhy msT mjpfupf;Fk;NghJ ruhrup tpir FiwAk;. vdNt tpisahl;L tPuu;fis

ghJfhf;f nkd;ikahd nghUs;fspdhy; jahupf;fg;gl;l rPUilfs; tpupg;Gfs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. 2. fbdkhd nghUl;fs; gad;gLj;jpdhy; tpirapd; jhf;fk; Neubahf tPuu;fis ghjpj;J fhaj;ij

Vw;gLj;Jk;.

10. ,uhf;nfl; VTjypy; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; ,uz;L jj;Jtq;fis vOJf. 1. epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; tpjp xt;nthU tpidf;Fk; mjw;F rkkhd Mdhy; vjpu;jpirapy; nray;gLtJkhd Xu; vjpu; tpid

cz;L 2. ce;j moptp;d;ik tpjp

rkkw;w Gwtpirfs; nray;glhjtiu Xu; mikg;gpd; nkhj;j ce;jk; khwhJ.

11. Rtw;wpy; nghUj;jg;gl;l 1.2 kP ePsKs;s jhq;fpapy; 10fp.fp epiw njhq;ftplg;gl;Ls;sJ. B vd;w Gs;spapy; Vw;gLk; jpUg;Gj;jpwdpd; (tyQ;Rop my;yJ ,lQ;Rop) vz;kjpg;igAk; jpiriaAk; fhz;f.

jhq;fpapd; ePsk; = 1.2 kP jhq;fpapy; nghUj;jg;gl;l nghUspd; epiw = 10 fpfp GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fk; = 9.8 kP/tp

jpUg;Gj;jpwd; = Fx d = mg x d = 10 x 9.8 x 1.2

= 117.6 Nm

B vd;w Gs;spapy; Vw;gLk; jpUg;Gjpwd; = 117.6 Nm

B vd;w Gs;spapy; Vw;gLk; jpUg;G tpir tyQ;RopahFk;.

12. XuyF epiw nfhz;l nghUspdhy; czug;gLk; tpirahdJ> <u;g;Gg;Gytypik vdpy; Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; <u;g;Gg;Gytypikiaf; fhz;f.

Gtpg;gug;gpYs;s m epiw nfhz;l nghUs;kPJ nray;glk; <u;g;gpay; tpir

F = 𝐺𝑀𝑚

𝑅2 (,q;F R - Gtpapd; M - Muk; Gtpapd; epiw)

XuyF epiw nfhz;l nghUspdhy; czug;gLk; tpirahdJ> <u;g;Gg;Gytypik MFk;.

<u;g;Gg;Gy typik = 𝐹

𝑚

= 𝐺𝑀𝑚

𝑅2 x

1

𝑚

= 𝐺𝑀

𝑅2 = g

vdNt <u;g;Gg;Gy typik vd;gJ g -d; kjpg;Gf;Fr; rkk;. <u;g;Gg;Gy typik = 9.8 ms

–2 my;yJ 9.8 Nkg

-1





13. Gtpapd; Muk; khwhky; Gtpapd; mlu;j;jp jw;Nghija epiyiatpl ,ul;bg;ghf;fg;gLk; NghJ Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; vd;d?

mlh;j;jp = epiw

fdmsT

epiw = mlu;j;jp x fdmsT Gtpapd; Muk; khwtpy;iy. vdNt fdmsT khwtpy;iy.

mlu;j;jp ,ul;bg;ghd gpd; G+kpapd; epiw M = 2 x mlu;j;jp x fdmsT

g = 𝐺𝑀

𝑅2 ,e;j rkd;ghl;by; G+kpapd; epiwia gpujpapl

,ul;bg;ghdgpd; GtpaPu;g;G tpir g1 = 𝐺

𝑅2 x 2 x mlu;j;jp x fdmsT

= 2 x 𝐺

𝑅2 x mlu;j;jp x fdmsT

= 2 x 𝐺𝑀

𝑅2

= 2 x g vdNt Gtpapd; mlu;j;jpia ,ul;bg;ghf;fpdhy; GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fKk; ,ul;bg;ghFk;. Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G g = 9.8 ms

–2

Gtpapd; mlu;j;jpia ,ul;bg;ghf;fpdhy; GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fk; g1 = 2 x 9.8 = 19.6 ms–2

Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fj;jpy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk; = g1 - g = 19.6 – 9.8 = 9.8 ms–2

14. NuZ Gtpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 6.38 x 103 fp.kP. njhiytpy; cztUe;Jk; tupirapy; epd;W nfhz;bUf;fpwhs;. Gtpapd; epiw 6 x 10

24 fp.fp. vdpy;> m) <u;g;G KLf;fj;ijf; fhz;f. M) kjpa czTf;Fg;gpd; mjd; kjpg;gpy; khw;wk; Vw;gLkh?

m) R = 6.38 x 103 Km = 6.38 x 103 x 103 m = 6.38 x 106 m M = 6x1024 Kg g = ?

g = 𝐺𝑀

𝑅2

= 6.67 x 10−11 x 6x 1024

(6.38 x 106)2

= 6.67 x 6 x 1013

(6.38)2x 1012 = 6.67 x 6 x 101

40.7044 =

6.67 x 6 x 101

40.7044

= 40.02 x 101

40.7044 =

400.02

40.7044 = 9.8 kP/tp2

<u;g;G KLf;fk; = 9.8 kP/tp2

M) Gtpapd; epiwapy; khw;wk; Vw;glhjjhy; NuZ cztUe;jpa gpd;dUk; Gtpapd; <h;g;G KLf;fk; khwhJ.

15. 20kP MuKk;> 104 fp.fp. epiwAk; nfhz;l B 612 vd;wiof;fg;gLk; rpWNfhs; xd;iw Njtij ghu;itapLfpwhu; vdpy; B 612 <u;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d?

B 612-d; Muk; = 20 kP B 612-d; epiw = 104 fp.fp

g = 𝐺𝑀

𝑅2

= 6.67x 10−11 x 104

(20)2

= 693.68x 10−11

400 = 1.7342 x 10-11 kP/tp2

16. ‘m’epiwAs;s kdpjd;> njhlf;fj;jpy; Xa;Tepiyapy; cs;s totog;ghd fpilj;jsg; gug;gpy; itf;fg;gl;L ,Uf;Fk; ‘M’ epiwAs;s fl;il kPJ epw;fpwhd;. kdpjd; jiuiag; nghUj;J fl;ilapd; kPJ jpBnud ‘v’ kP/tp Ntfj;jpy; efuj; njhlq;Ffpwhd; vdpy;> jiuiag; nghUj;J fl;ilapd; jpirNtfj;ijf; fhz;f.





kdpjdpd; epiw m fl;ilapd; epiw M kdpjdpd; Ntfk; v fl;ilapd; jpirNtfk; v1 vd nfhs;f

mikg;gpd; njhlf;f ce;jk; = 0 (Vnddpy; njhlf;fj;jpy; mikT Xa;T epiyapy; cs;sJ) mikg;gpd; ,Wjp ce;jk; M v1 + mv

ce;j khwh Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb mikg;gpd; njhlf;f ce;jk; = mikg;gpd; ,Wjp ce;jk; 0 = M v1 + mv

M v1 + mv = 0 M v1 = – mv

v1 = −𝑚𝑣

𝑀

fl;il kdpjdpd; jpirf;F vjpu; jpirapy; nry;Yk; vd;gij vjpu;f; Fwp czu;j;JfpwJ.

17. epiwfs; 2:1 vd;w tpfpjj;jpy; cs;s ,uz;L ge;Jfs; rk cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpor; nra;ag;gLfpwJ. (fhw;Wj;jil Gwf;fzpf;fjf;fjhf fUJf) vdpy;> gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F tpfpjj;ijf; fhz;f.

m) mit jiuia te;jila MFk; fhyk;. M) efUk; epiyapy; mitfspd;kPJ nray;gLk; tpirfs;. ,) jiuia milAk;NghJ mtw;wpd; jpirNtfq;fs; <) jiuia milAk;NghJ mtw;wpd; KLf;fk;.

m) 1 : 1 M) 2 : 1 ,) 1 : 1 <) 1 : 1

18. 1fp.fp epiwAs;s xU nghUs; 20kP cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpor;nra;ag;gLfpwJ. jiuia te;jile;jJk; mNj Ntfj;jpy; NknyOfpwJ. ce;j khWghl;ilf; fhz;f. (g = 10 kP /tp2 vd;f) (khh;r;-17> [d;-2016)

nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit m = 1 fpfp s = 20kP g = 10 kP/ tp2

tpOfpd;w Ntfj;ij Kjypy; fzf;fpl Ntz;Lk;. ,af;f rkd;ghL v2 = u2 + 2 a s

v12 = 0 + 2 g s

= 2 g h

= 2 x 10 x 20 = 400

v1 = 400 = 20 kP/tp kPz;nlOk; jpirNtfk; v2 = -20 kP/tp

ce;jk; = mv

ce;;j khWghL = ,Wjp ce;jk; - njhlf;f ce;jk; = mv2 – mv1 = (1x(-20)) – (1x20) = -20 -20 = - 40 kg ms-1

ce;;j khWghL = 40 kg ms-1

19. Gtpapd; Muj;jpy; ¼ gq;F epytpd; Muk; vdTk;> Gtpapd; epiwapy;; 1/80 klq;F epytpd; epiw vdTk; nfhz;L epytpd; Gwg;gug;gpYs;s Gtp<u;g;G KLf;fj;jpidf; fhz;f.

Gtp epyT Muk; R R/4 epiw M M/80 Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fk;

𝐺𝑀

𝑅2

𝐺 𝑀

80

𝑅

4

2 = 16

80

𝐺𝑀

𝑅2=

1

5

𝐺𝑀

𝑅2

epytpd; Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fk; = Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fj;jpy; 1

5 klq;F

(fhuzk;: fhw;W ,y;yhj epiyapy; ntt;NtW vilnfhz;l midj;Jg; nghUs;fSf;Fk; Gtp<h;g;G KLf;fk; rkk;. vdNt> ,g;nghUl;fs; rk cauj;jpy; ,Ue;J tpor;nra;Ak; NghJ> jiuia milAk; fhyk;> jpirNtfk;> KLf;fk; Nghd;wtw;wpy; NtWghL ,Uf;fhJ)





20. Vw;w - ,wf;f tpisahl;Lf; fUtpapy; 20 fp.fp vilAs;s xU rpWtd; fUtpapd; ikaj;jpypUe;J 1.2 kPl;lu; njhiytpy; mku;e;Js;shd;. gyif rkepiyapy; ,Uf;f 60 fpNyhfpuhk; epiwAs;s kdpju; vq;F mku Ntz;Lk;?

gyif rk epiyapy; ,Uf;f F1d1 = F2d2

m1 a1d1 = M a2d2 [F = ma]

m1 g d1 = M g d2

m1 d1 = M d2

20 x 1.2 = 60 x d2

60 x d2 = 20 x 1.2

d2 =20x1.2

60 = 0.4 m

gyif rk epiyapy; ,Uf;f 60 fp.fp vilAs;s kdpjh; ikaj;jpypUe;J 0.4 kP js;sp mku Ntz;Lk;.

21. Fjpiutz;bf;fhuu; jdJ Fjpiuia Kd;Ndhf;fp Xl;Lfpwhu;. Mdhy; Fjpiu efu kWj;J fPo;f;fz;lthW tpsf;FfpwJ. “epA+l;ldpd; %d;whtJ tpjpapd;gb> ehd; tz;bia xU Fwpg;gpl;l tpirAld; ,Of;Fk;nghOJ tz;bahdJ mNj msT rkkhd tpirAld; vd;idj; jpUk;g ,Of;fpwJ. mt;tpUtpirfSk; vz; mstpy; rkkhfTk;> vjpnujpu; jpirfspYk; nray;gLtjhy;> mit xd;iwnahd;W ,y;yhky; nra;JtpLfpwJ”. Fjpiuapd; tpsf;fj;jpid ePq;fs; xg;Gf; nfhs;fpwPu;fsh? cq;fs; gjpYf;fhd jFe;j fhuzq;fisf; $Wf.

1. jtW. ,jid xg;Gf;nfhs;s ,ayhJ. 2. epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; tpjpg;gb tpirAk; vjpu;tpirAk; ,U NtWgl;l nghUl;fs;kPJ kl;LNk

nray;gLk;. 3. Fjpiu tz;bNahL ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. vdNt tz;bf;Fk; Fjpiuf;Fk; ,ilapy; vjpnujpu;

tpir nray;gl tha;g;gpy;iy. 4. tz;bf;Fk; jiuf;Fk; ,ilapy; kl;LNk vjpu;tpirahf cuha;T tpir nray;gLk;. 5. cuha;T tpiria tpl tz;bkPJ Fjpiu nrYj;Jk; tpir mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ me;j

rkdw;w tpirahy; tz;b efUfpwJ.

16 - kpd;Ndhl;ltpaYk; Mw;wYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3) 1)

1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. (khu;r;2013>17 [_d;2014>15> nrg;-2015) m) kpd;dOj;j NtWghL : Nthy;l; kPl;lh; vdpy; kpd;Ndhl;lk; : ……….. M) ePh;kpd; epiyak; : kuGrhh; Mw;wy;, vdpy; #hpa Mw;wy; : ………..

m) mk;kPl;lh; M) kuG rhuh Mw;wy;

2. nfhLf;fg;gl;l Mw;wy; %yq;fspd; ngau;fspypUe;J nghUe;jhjijf; fz;Lgpbf;f. (nrg;-2013>14) (fhw;W Mw;wy;> #upa Mw;wy;> ePu;kpd; Mw;wy;)

ePu;kpd; Mw;wy; (fhuzk;: fhw;W Mw;wYk; #upa Mw;wYk; kuGrhuh Mw;wy;%yq;fs;. ePu;kpd; Mw;wy; kuGrhu; Mw;wy;%yk;)

3. gpd;tUk; $w;Wfspy; cs;s jtWfisj; jpUj;Jf. (khu;r;2013>15> [_d;2012) m) rpwe;j Mw;wy; %yk; vd;gJ Xh; myF epiwf;Ff; Fiwe;j msT Ntiy nra;af; $baJ.

M) gad;gLj;jf; $ba tbtpy; cs;s Mw;wiy kPz;Lk;, kPz;Lk; ehk; gad;gLj;jyhk;. m) rpwe;j Mw;wy; %yk; vd;gJ Xh; myF epiwf;F mjpf msT Ntiy nra;af;$baJ.

M) gad;gLj;jf; $ba tbtpy; cs;s Mw;wiy kPz;Lk; ehk; gad;gLj;j KbahJ.

rpWtd; kdpjh; vil (m) m1 = 20kg M = 60kg

njhiyT (d) d1 = 1.2m d2 = ?

jpUg;Gj;jpwd; (Fxd) F1d1 F2d2





4. jFe;j FwpaPLfisg; gad;gLj;jp> xU kpd;Rw;wpd; gy;NtW cWg;Gfis ,izj;Jg; ngwg;gLk; glk; kpd; Rw;Wg;glk; vdg;gLk;. cWg;Gfs; vd;gJ Fwpj;J cq;fs; fUj;J vd;d?

kpd;dOj;j NtWghL nfhLf;fg;gLk;NghJ vyf;l;uhd;fis ,af;fp kpd;Ndhl;lj;ij ngwj; Njitahd midj;J rhjdq;fSk; xU kpd;Rw;wpd; cWg;Gfs; MFk;.

v.fh: kpd;fyk;

tpsf;F kpd;jil rhtp fk;gp ,izg;G

5. gpd;tUk; tiuglk; V kw;Wk; I ,d; njhlu;igf; fhl;LfpwJ. glj;jpypUe;J kpd;dOj;j NtWghL 0.5 V

kw;Wk; 1.0 V cs;s NghJ V/I- ,d; kjpg;Gfs; vd;dthf ,Uf;Fk;?

V = 0.5 V Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ I = 0.2 Mk;gpah;

𝑉

𝐼 =

0.5

0.2

= 5

2 = 2.5 Xk;

V = 1.0 V Mf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ I = 0.4 Mk;gpah;

𝑉

𝐼 =

1.0

0.4

= 10

4 = 2.5 Xk;

,uz;L epfo;TfspYk; V/ I kjpg;G khwhjpUg;gJ Xk; tpjpia ep&gpf;fpwJ.

6. fhkhf; fjph;fs; ,aw;iff; fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fshy; ntspaplg;gLk; Mgj;jhd fjph;tPr;rhFk;. m) ,aw;iff; fjphpaf;fj; jdpkq;fs; ntspapLk; NtW fjph;tPr;Rfs; ahit? M) gpd;tUk;

$w;Wfis NkNy nrhy;Yk; fjph;tPr;RfNshL njhlh;GgLj;jp ml;ltizapLf. (khu;r;2012) i) mit kpd;fhe;j fjph;tPr;R ii) mit mjpf CLWTjpwd; nfhz;lit iii) mit vyf;l;uhd;fs; iv) mit epA+l;uhd;fisg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd.

m) α My;gh> β gPl;lh M) i) (fhkhfjph;fs;) kpd;fhe;j fjph;tPr;R

ii) (fhkhfjph;fs;) mjpf CLWTjpwd; nfhz;lit iii) β (gPl;lh) vyf;l;uhd;fs; iv) α (My;gh) epA+l;uhd;fisg; ngw;wpUf;fpd;wd

7. 1.5 V kpd;dpaf;Ftpir nfhz;l ,Ukpd;fyd;fs; 5 Xk;, 10 Xk;, 15 Xk; kpd;jilfs; kw;Wk; rhtp ,tw;iwj; njhluhff; nfhz;l kpd; Rw;Wg; glj;jpid tiuf. (khh;r;-2015> [d;2013 >nrg;2013)

8. kpd; cUF,io ……….. cNyhff;fyitahyhd fk;gp MFk;. ,/J mjpf kpd; jiliaAk; ……….. cUF epiyiaAk; nfhz;lJ. (khu;r;2013>2016> [_d;2015)





fhhPak; kw;Wk; nts;sPak;> (37% fhhPak; kw;Wk; 63% nts;sPak;) Fiwe;j

9. gpd;tUk; Rw;Wg;glj;ij cw;WNehf;fp ABf;F ,ilNa njhFgad; kpd;jil fhz;f: (khjpup2012)

A gf;fKs;s R1 R2 kpd;jilfs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit ,uz;bd; njhFgad; kpd;jil RA vd;f

1

𝑅𝐴 =

1

𝑅1 +

1

𝑅2

= 1

1 +

1

1 = 1 + 1 = 2

RA = ½ = 0.5 Xk;

B gf;fKs;s R1 R2 kpd;jilfs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mit ,uz;bd; njhFgad; kpd;jil RB vd;f

1

𝑅𝐵 =

1

𝑅3 +

1

𝑅4

= 1

1 +

1

1 = 1 + 1 = 2

RB = ½ = 0.5 Xk;

RA , RB ,uz;Lk; njhlhpizg;gpy; cs;sd.

nkhj;j njhFgad; kpd;jil R = RA + RB = 0.5 + 0.5 = 1 Xk;

vdNt A, B -f;F ,ilNa cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jil R = 1 Ω.

10. milg;Gf; Fwpf;Fs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fspy; chpadtw;iwj; Njh;e;njLj;J gpd;tUk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf: (Jj;jehfk;, jhkpuk;, fhh;gd;, fhhPak;, fhhPa il Mf;i]L, mYkpdpak;) ([_d;2014>16) tpilfs;:

Neh;kpd;tha; fhhPa mkpy Nrkfyd; --- - fhhPa il Mf;i]L vjph;kpd;tha; nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyd; --- - Jj;jehfk;

11. xU kpd; tpsf;fpd; topNa 1.6 A kpd;Ndhl;lk; gha;fpwJ vdpy;> tpsf;fpd; topNa 1 tpdhbapy; nry;Yk; vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ?

I = 1.6 A t = 1s n = ?

I = Q / t vdNt Q = I t = 1.6 x 1 = 1.6 $Yk;.

1 $Yk; kpd;Dl;lj;jpd; NghJs;s vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if 6.25 x 1018

1.6 $Yk; kpd;Dl;;lj;jpd; NghJs;s vyf;l;uhd;fspd; vz;zpf;if 1.6 x 6.25 x 1018 = 10 x 1018

= 1 x 1019

tpsf;fpd; topNa 1 tpdhbapy; 1019 vyf;l;uhd;fs; nry;Yk;.

12. thzp gad;gLj;Jk; Kb cyu;j;jp Kjypy; nray;gLk; NghJ kpd;jil 50 Ω. m) tPl;by; 230 V kpd; mOj;j ,izg;G cs;s NghJ> Kb cyh;j;jp Vw;Fk; kpd;Ndhl;lk;

vt;tsT? M) Kb cyh;j;jp ePz;l Neuk; nray;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ> mjd; kpd;jilapy; Vw;gLk; khw;wk;

vd;d? (Fwpg;G : ntg;gepiy caUk;NghJ flj;jpapd; kpd;jil caUfpwJ)

m) R = 50 Ω V = 230V I = ?

V = IR vd;w rkd;ghl;bypUe;J





I = 𝑉

𝑅

= 230

50 = 4.6 A

vdNt Kb cyu;j;jp Vw;Fk; kpd;Ndhl;lk; 4.6 A

M) Kb cyu;j;jp ePz;l Neuk; nray;ghl;by; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ flj;jpapd; kpd;jil caUk;. (H = I2R t)

13. nfhLf;fg;gl;l kpd;Rw;wpy; A,B vd;w Gs;spfSf;fpilNa njhFgad; kpd;jil kjpg;igf; fhz;f. kpd;Rw;wpid ekJ GupjYf;fhf 4 gFjpfshf

gpupj;Jf;nfhs;Nthk;. Gs;sp X tiu xU Rw;whfTk; Y tiu kw;nwhU Rw;whfTk; Z tiu kw;nwhU Rw;whfTk; fUJNthk;

X vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jilf; fzf;fPL: R1 R2Mfpait njhlu;,izg;G vd;gjhy; R1 + R2 = 5 + 5=10 ,jid RS1 vd;f. RS1RP1 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;G vd;gjhy;

1

𝑅𝑆1+

1

𝑅𝑃1=

1

𝑅𝑥

1

10 +

1

10 =

2

10 =

1

5

RX = 5Ω

Y vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jilf; fzf;fPL: RX R3Mfpait njhlu; ,izg;G vd;gjhy; RX + R3 = 5 + 5=10 ,jid RS2 vd;f.

RS2RP2 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;G vd;gjhy;

1

𝑅𝑆2+

1

𝑅𝑃2=

1

𝑅𝑌

1

10 +

1

10 =

2

10 =

1

5

RY = 5Ω

Z vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jilf; fzf;fPL: RY R4Mfpait njhlu; ,izg;G vd;gjhy; RY + R4 = 5 + 5=10 ,jid RS3 vd;f. RS3RP3 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;G vd;gjhy;

1

𝑅𝑆3+

1

𝑅𝑃3=

1

𝑅𝑍

1

10 +

1

10 =

2

10 =

1

5

RZ = 5Ω

B vd;w Gs;sp tiu cs;s njhFgad; kpd;jilf; fzf;fPL: RZ R5Mfpait njhlu; ,izg;G vd;gjhy; RZ + R5 = 5 + 5=10 ,jid RS4 vd;f. RS4RP4 Mfpait gf;f ,izg;G vd;gjhy;

1

𝑅𝑆4+

1

𝑅𝑃4=

1

𝑅𝐵





1

10 +

1

10 =

2

10 =

1

5

RB = 5Ω

vdNt A,B vd;w Gs;spfSf;fpilNa njhFgad; kpd;jil = 5Ω

Fwpg;G: Nkw;fz;l fzf;fPL cq;fs; GupjYf;fhf kl;LNk tptukhf nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. ,uz;L kjpg;ngz; tpdh vd;gjhy; ,jid ePq;fs; RUf;fkhf vOj Ntz;Lk;. X vd;w Gs;spapy; njhFgad; fzf;fPil kl;Lk; tpupthf vOjptpl;L „,JNghyNt Y Z B vd;w Gs;spfspYk; njhFgad; kpd;jil 5Ω’ vd;W Fwpg;gpl;Ltplyhk;.

14. 240 V kpd;dOj;jk; nfhz;l tPl;L kpd; ,izg;Gr; Rw;wpy; rutpsf;F njhlu; ,izg;gpy;

,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. m) rutpsf;F njhlhpy; 12 kpd;tpsf;Ffs; cs;sd vdpy; xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;fpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd

kpd;dOj;j NtWghl;ilf; fhz;f. M) kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;lhy;> xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;fpw;Fk; ,ilNaahd

kpd;dOj;j NtWghL ahJ?

m) rutpsf;Ffs; njhlu; ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sjhy;

xU ru tpsf;F gad;gLj;Jk; kpd;dOj;jk; = nkhj;j mOj;jk;

kpd;tpsf;fpd; vz;zpf;if

= 240

12 = 20 V

xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;fpw;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s kpd;dOj;j NtWghL = 20 V

M) 12 kpd;tpsf;Ffs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; cs;sNghJ xt;nthU kpd;tpsf;Fk; ,ilNa cs;s NtWghL nrYj;jg;gLk; nkhj;j kpd;dOj;j NtWghl;Lf;F rkk;.

/ V = 240 V

15. gpd;tUk; glkhdJ xU %ba Rw;wpd; xU gFjp vdpy; i1, i2, i3 Mfpa kpd;Ndhl;lq;fisf; fhz;f.

i1 + 2A = 3 A vd;gjhy; i1 = 3A – 2A = 1A

3A = 1A + i2 vd;gjhy; i2 = 3A – 1A = 2A

i2 = i3 + 1.5V vd;gjhy; i3 = i2 – 1.5V

= 2V – 1.5V = 0.5 A

vdNt i1 = 1A i2 = 2A i3 = 0.5 A

16. gpd;tUk; glj;jpy; cs;s kpd;Rw;wpy; ey;ypay;G Nthy;l;kPl;lu; fhl;Lk; mstPL 6 V vdpy; mk;kPl;lu; fhl;Lk; mstPl;ilf; fz;Lgpbf;f.

V = I R

I = V

R =

6

15 =

2

5 = 0.4 A

mk;kPl;lu; fhl;Lk; mstPL = 0.4 A

17. kpd;jil 8Ω cs;s kpd;fk;gp tl;lr;RUshf khw;wg;gl;lhy; mjd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNa kpd;jiliaf; fzf;fpLf.

fk;gpapd; nkhj;j kpd;jil 8Ω mjid tl;l RUshf khw;Wk; NghJ glj;jpy;

fhl;bathW mikAk;. tpl;lk; fk;gpia ,U rktl;lq;fshf gpupg;gjhy; ghjp fk;gpapd; kpd;jil 4Ω

A B

4

4Ω

Ω





,Ughjp fk;gpfs; gf;f ,izg;gpy; mikAk;

1

RP =

1

R1 +

1

R2

1

RP =

1

4 +

1

4 =

2

4 =

1

2

RP = 2Ω

vdNt fk;gpapd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNa cs;s kpd;jil = 2Ω

18. xU kpd;fk;gp tl;lRUshf khw;wg;gl;Ls;sJ. mjd; tpl;lj;jpw;F ,ilNaahd njhFgad; kpd;jil 8Ω vdpy;> me;j kpd;fk;gpapd; kpd;jiliaf; fhz;f.

rupghjp fk;gpfspd; kpd;jil R vd;f

1

RP =

1

R +

1

R

1

R +

1

R =

1

RP

1

R +

1

R =

1

8

2

R =

1

8

1

R =

1

8 X 2 =

1

16 R = 16 Ω

ghjp fk;gpapd; kpd;jil 16 Xk; vdNt fk;gpapd; nkhj;j kpd;jil 16 x 2 = 32 Xk;

19. 40W kw;Wk; 60W jpwd; nfhz;l ,U kpd;tpsf;Ffs; njhlhpizg;gpy; Gw kpd;fyj;Jld; ,izf;fg;gl;lhy;> ve;j kpd;tpsf;F mjpfg; nghypTld; xspUk;? Vd;?

40 W kpd;tpsf;F mjpf nghypTld; vupAk;. fhuzk;:

1. 40 W kpd;tpsf;fpd; kpd;jilahdJ 60 W kpd;jpwd;nfhz;l kpd;tpsf;fpd; kpd;jilia tpl mjpfk;.

2. njhlhpizg;gpy; I khwhJ. H = I2 Rt vd;gjhy; H α R vdNt kpd;jil mjpfk; cs;s 40W kpd;tpsf;Nf mjpf nghypTld; vhpAk;.

20. 70W kw;Wk; 50W jpwd; ngw;w ,U kpd;tpsf;Ffs; Gw kpd;fyj;Jld; gf;f ,izg;gpy; ,izf;fg;gl;Ls;sd vdpy; ve;j tpsf;F mjpfg;nghypTld; xspUk;? Vd;?

70W kpd;tpsf;F mjpf nghypTld; xspUk;. fhuzk;: 1. 50 W kpd;tpsf;fpd; kpd;jilahdJ 70 W kpd;jpwd;nfhz;l kpd;tpsf;fpd; kpd;jilia tpl mjpfk;.

2. gf;f ,izg;gpy; kpd;dOj;jk; khwhJ. H = V2

R t vd;gjhy; H α

1

𝑅 vdNt kpd;jil Fiwthf

cs;s 70W kpd;tpsf;Nf mjpf nghypTld; xspu;fpwJ.

21. ngUq;fly; ntg;g Mw;wy; Fwpj;J vOJf. (khh;r;-17> [_d;2016) 1. fly; my;yJ ngUq;flypd; Mo;gFjpapy; ePh; Fsph;r;rpaha; ,Uf;fpd;wNghJ Nkw;gug;G ePh;

#hpadhy; ntg;gkhfpwJ. ntg;gepiyapy; cs;s ,t;NtWghL ngUq;fly; ntg;gMw;wy; khw;wf;fydpy; Mw;wiyg; ngw gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

2. 2 Km Moj;jpy; ,Uf;Fk; ePUf;Fk; Nkw;gug;gpy; cs;s ePUf;Fk; ,ilNaahd ntg;gepiy NtWghL 293 K my;yJ 200C mjpfkhf ,Ue;jhy; ,j;jifa jpl;lj;ij nray;gLj;jyhk;.

3. Nkw;gug;gpd; ntg;gkhd ePu; mk;Nkhdpah Nghd;w vspjpy; MtpahFk; jputq;fis nfhjpf;f itj;J mjd; Mtp tpirahopia ,af;fp kpd;rhuk; cw;gj;jp nra;ag;gLfpwJ.

4. Nkw;gug;gpd; ntg;gkhd ePu; jput mk;Nkhdpahit Mtpahf;fTk; Fspu;e;j Mo;fly; ePu; mk;Nkhdpahit kPz;Lk; jputkhf;fTk; gad;gLfpwJ.

22. ePh; tPo;r;rpapd; cauk; mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk; epiyapy;jhd;> ePh;kpd; epiyak; mjpf mstpy; kpd;jpwid cw;gj;jpr;nra;fpwJ. fhuzk; jUf. 1. cauk; mjpfhpf;f mjpfhpf;f epiyMw;wy; mjpfhpf;Fk;. 2. mjpfkhd epiyahw;wy; ,af;f Mw;wyhf khw;wg;gLk;NghJ mjpf kpd; cw;gj;jp eilngWfpwJ.

A B

R

RΩ

Ω





23. gbk vhpg;nghUis vhpf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; Rw;Wr;#oy; khrpid Fiwf;f ePq;fs; jUk; MNyhridfs; ahit? 1. gbk vhpg;nghUs; GJg;gpf;f ,ayhj Mw;wy; %yk;. vdNt mjid mjpfk; gad;gLj;Jtijf;

Fiwf;fyhk;;. 2. gbk vupnghUl;fis vupf;Fk; epiyaq;fspy; kpd;dhw; Ja;ikahf;fpfisg; gad;gLj;jp

Gifapid Ja;ikahf;fp ntspaplyhk;. 3. khw;W Mw;;wy; %yq;fshd #hpa Mw;wy;> fhw;W Mw;wy; kuG rhuh Mw;wy; %yq;fSf;F

khWjy; Ntz;Lk;. capup vupnghUl;fis gad;gLj;jyhk;. 4. kuq;fis el;L fhLfis mjpfg;gLj;jyhk;.

24. fhw;whw;wy; gad;ghl;bd; tuk;Gfs; ahit? 1. mjpf vz;zpf;ifapy; gue;j gug;gpy; fhw;whiyfs; epWtg;glNtz;Lk;. 2. tpirahopf;Fj; Njitahd Ntfj;ij epiy epWj;jf; fhw;wp;d; Ntfk; kzpf;F 15 fp.kP. msit

tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;fNtz;Lk;. 3. Mz;L KOtJk; fhw;whw;wiy ek;gpapUf;f KbahJ. 4. fhw;whw;wyhy; fpilf;Fk; kpd;rhuk; njhlu;r;rpaw;wjhfNt ,Uf;fpwJ.

25. caphp Mw;wy; %yk; vd;why; vd;d? caphpMw;wy; %yj;jpypUe;J caphpMw;wiy vt;thW ngwyhk;? 1. tpwF> twl;b Nghd;w vhpg;nghUs;fs;; jhtuk;> tpyq;Ffspd; cw;gj;jpg; nghUs;fshjyhy;

,j;jifa vhpg;nghUs; %yq;fs; caphp Mw;wy; %yq;fs; vdg;gLfpd;wd. 2. khl;L rhzk;> jhtug;nghUs;fs;> gaph;fspd; mWtilf;Fg; gpe;ija nghUs;fs;> tPl;L

gad;ghl;Lf;fopTfs; ,it rpije;J caphp thAitj; jUfpd;wJ. mitfspy; ,Ue;J caphp Mw;wy; ngwg;gLfpwJ.

26. md;whl nray;ghLfspYk; - gad;ghLfspYk; kpff;Fiwe;j msT Rw;W#oy; khR Vw;glf;$ba Mw;wy; tbtk; vJ? 1. #hpa Mw;wy;;. 2. fhuzk;: R+upa Mw;wy; jahupg;gpd;NghJ Gif tuhJ. Mgj;jhd thAf;fspd; ntspNaw;wk;

,y;iy. vspjpy; fpilf;ff;$baJ. vupnghUs; Njitapy;iy. Rw;Wr;R+oiy khRgLj;jhJ. 17 - kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;j tpisTk; xspapaYk; (muRj;Nju;T tpdh-3) 1. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf: (khh;r;-2014> [_d;2014> nrg;-2014)

m) Nkhl;lhh;:- epiyf;fhe;jk;> thzpf Kiwapyhd Nkhl;lhH ……….. M) Ftpaj; njhiyT:- kPl;lh;, jpwd; ……….. m) kpd;fhe;jk; M) ilahg;lh;

2. gpd;tUk; nrhw;nwhlhpy; gpiofspUg;gpd; jpUj;jTk;. (khu;r;-2013>15 nrg;2012>13>15> [d;2013>15) m) fhe;jg;Gyk; vz;kjpg;G kl;Lk; nfhz;l msT M) rl;lfhe;jj;jpd; ntspNa fhe;jtpirf;NfhLfs; fhe;jj; njd;Kidapy; njhlq;fp tlKidapy; KbAk;.

m) fhe;jg;Gyk; vz; kjpg;Gk; jpirAk; nfhz;;l msthFk;. M) fhe;j tpirf;NfhLfs; fhe;jj;jpd; tlKidapy; njhlq;fp njd;Kidapy; KbAk;.

3. gpd;tUk; fjph;tiuglk; Fopahbapy; gpk;gk; Njhd;Wtijf; Fwpf;Fk;. (khu;r;12>13>17> [_d;14> nrg;-2012) m) mjpYs;s gpioiaf; fz;lwpe;J> gpioaw;w fjph; tiuglk; tiuaTk;.

M) cq;fs;; jpUj;jj;jpw;fhd tpsf;fk; juTk;. m)

M) Fopahbapd; Ftpaj;jpd; topNa nry;Yk; gLfjph; vjpnuhspg;Gf;Fg;gpd; Kjd;ik mr;Rf;F

,izahf nry;Yk;.

4. Nghf;Ftuj;Jf; fl;Lg;ghl;L tpsf;Ffspy; ……….. epwtpsf;Fg; gad;gLj;jg;gLtjd; fhuzk;> mjd; ……….. miy ePsk;. (Fwpg;G: xspapd; rpjwy; msthdJ miyePsj;jpd; ehd;kbf;F

vjph;jfTilaJ) (nrg;-2016) rptg;G> mjpf





5. milg;Gf;Fs; cs;s Vw;w nrhw;fisf; nfhz;L ml;ltizia epug;Gf. (Ftpahb, rkjsf; Ftpahb,

Fopahb, rkjs Mb, Ftpnyd;R, Fopnyd;R.) (nrg;-2016) tpilfs;: --- gy;ypd; nghpa gpk;gk; - Fop Mb --- gpd;Gwk; cs;s tz;bapd; Neuhd gpk;gk; - Ftp Mb

6. fPOs;stw;iwf; Fwpf;Fk; fz;zpd; ghfq;fis vOJf. (khh;r;2014>15> [d;2013> nrg;-2014) m) fz; ghitiaf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; ,Uz;l jirg; glyk; ………… M) fz;zpy; nghUspd; gpk;gk; cz;lhFk; gug;G …………… m) Ihp]; M) tpopj;jpiu

7. ikNahgpah vd;gJ fz;zpy; xsptpyfypy; Vw;gLk; fpl;lghh;itf; FiwghL MFk;. ,e;jf; FiwAs;sth;fs; mUfpYs;s nghUs;fisj; njspthfg; ghh;f;fyhk;. Vw;w jpwDs;s Fopnyd;R nfhz;L ,f;Fiwiar; rhpnra;ayhk;. (khh;r;-2015> [d;2013)

m) ,Nj tifahd NtW ,uz;L tiff; FiwghLfisf; Fwpg;gpLf. M) mtw;iwr; rhp nra;Ak; Kiwia vOJf. m) i`gh;nkl;Nuhgpah (Jug;ghu;it)> gpu];igNahgpah (tpop Vw;gikT jpwd; FiwghL) M) i`gh;nkl;Nuhgpah (Jug;ghh;it)-I jFe;j Ftpnyd;]; %yk; rupnra;ayhk;.

gpu];igNahgpah-I jFe;j ,U Ftpaf; fz;zhbfis gad;gLj;jp rhp nra;ayhk;.

8. fPOs;s glj;jpy; ve;jf; fhe;jCrp fhe;jg;Gyj;jpd; jpiriar; rhpahff; fhl;LfpwJ? ([_d;2016> nrg;-2016)

a – rhpahff; fhl;LfpwJ.

9. xU Kidf;fhe;jk; (mono pole) cs;sjh? cq;fs; tpilf;fhd fhuzk; $Wf.

xU Kidf;fhe;jk; vd;gJ fpilahJ. fhuzk;: 1) fhe;jj;ij vt;tsT rpwpajhf Jz;lhf;fpdhYk; ,UKidfs; (NS) ,Uf;Fk;.

2) fhe;jj;jpd; xt;nthU %yf;$Wk; jdpj;jdp tl kw;Wk; njd; Kidfisf; nfhz;lJ. 10. cauk; 3 nr.kP. msTs;s Xh; xspUk; kpd;tpsf;fhdJ> 10.5 nr.kP. FtpaJuKs;s xU tphpf;Fk;

nyd;]pd; Kd;G 20nr.kP. njhiytpy; itf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyit kjpg;gpLf. h = 3 nr.kP. Fopnyd;R vd;gjhy; f = -10.5 nr.kP u = - 20 nr.kP. (,lJGwk;)

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢 =

1

𝑓

1

𝑣 =

1

𝑓 +

1

𝑢

1

𝑣 =

1

−10.5 +

1

−20

= −1 x 20

10.5 x 20 +

−1 x 10.5

20 x 10.5

= −20

210 +

−10.5

210

= −30.5

210

v = −210

30.5 =

−2100

305 =

−420

61 = -6.88 cm

nghUs; itf;fg;gl;l mNj ,lJGwk; 6.89 nr.kP njhiytpy; gpk;gk; fpilf;Fk;.

11. nyd;]pd; Kd; 30nr.kP. njhiytpy; itf;fg;gl;l Crpapd; gpk;gk;> nyd;]pd; kWGwk; 60nr.kP. njhiytpy; cs;s jpiuapy; fpilf;fpwJ vdpy; nyd;]pd; tifapidAk; mjd; Ftpaj;Juj;jpidAk; fhz;f.

u = -30nr.kP (,lJGwk;) v = 60 nr.kP (tyJGwk;) f = ?

epidtpy; nfhs;f:





1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢

= 1

60 -

1

−30 =

1

60 +

1

30

= 1

60 +

2

60

= 1+2

60 =

3

60 =

1

20

f = 20 nrkP

Ftpa Juk; Neu;Fwpahf tUtjhy; nyd;rpd; tif Ftp nyd;]; Ftpnyd;rpd; FtpaJuk; 20 nrkP

12. XH xspf;fw;iwahdJ Clfk; 1-ypUe;J Clfk; 2-w;Fs; nry;Yk;NghJ tpyfy; milfpwJ. Kjy; Clfj;ijg; nghWj;J ,uz;lhtJ Clfj;jpd; xsp tpyfy; vz;izf; fhz;f.

µ = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑖

𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑟 =

𝑆𝑖𝑛 300

𝑆𝑖𝑛 450 = 1/2

1/ 2 =

1

2 x

2

1

= 1

2 x 2 x

2

1

= 1

2 =

1

1.414 = 0.707

,uz;lhtJ Clfj;jpd; xsp tpyfy; vz; = 0.707 ,uz;lhtJ Clfk; mlu;T Fiwe;jJ

13. nghUspd; tbtj;jpy; 1/5 gq;F cs;s nka;gpk;gk; MbapypUe;J 18 nr.kP. njhiytpy; cUthfpwJ. Mbapd; jd;ik vd;d? mjd; Ftpaj; njhiyitf; fzf;fpLf.

nka; gpk;gk; cUthtjhy; mJ FopMb gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT v = 18 nr.kP. cUg;ngUf;fk; M = 1/5

M = 𝑣

𝑢

u = 𝑣

𝑀 =

18

1/5 = 18 x

5

1 = 90 nr.kP

nghUs; vg;NghJk; ,lJ gf;fk; itf;fg;gl Ntz;Lk; vd;gjhy; vjpu; Fwp cilaJ. Fopahbapy; vg;NghJk; gpk;gk; mNj gFjpapy; fpilf;Fk; vd;gjhy; mJTk; vjpu;Fwp. nghUspd; njhiyT u = -90 nrkP gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT v = -18 nrkP

Mbr; rkd;ghL:

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 +

1

𝑢

= 1

−18 +

1

−90 =

−5

90 +

−1

90

= −5−1

90 =

−6

90

f = −90

6 = - 15 nrkP

vdNt Fopahbapd; FtpaJuk; = -15 nrkP

14. xUth; jd; fz;fshy; 12 kPl;lUf;F mg;ghy; cs;sg; nghUs;fisj; njspthf fhzKbatpy;iy. mtUila Fiwg;ghl;bidAk;> mjidr; rhpnra;tjw;fhd nyd;]pidAk; $Wf. ([_d;2016)

FiwghL : fpl;lg;ghh;it. rupnra;a Njitahd nyd;R : Fopnyd;];.

epidtpy; nfhs;f:





15. #hpaf; Ftpg;ghd;fspy; Fopahbfs; gad;gLk; tpjj;ij fjph;glj;jpd; cjtpAld; tpsf;Ff.

1) R+upadplkpUe;J tUk; ,izfjpu;fs; Fopahbapy; gl;L Mbapd; Kjd;ikf; Ftpaj;jpy;

Ftpfpd;wd. 2) Kjd;ikf;Ftpaj;jpy; R+Nlw;wg;glNtz;ba nghUis itj;J nghUshdJ R+Nlw;wg;gLfpwJ.

16. xspahdJ fhw;wpypUe;J xsptpyfy; vz; 1.47 nfhz;l kz;nzz;nza;apDs; EiofpwJ. fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; 3 x 108 kP/tp vdpy; kz;nzz;nza;apy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; vd;d?

kz;nzz;nzapd; xsptpyfy; vz; µ = 1.47 fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; c = 3 x 108 kP/tp

µ = fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;

kz;nzz;nzapy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; =

𝑐

𝑣

kz;nzz;nzapy; xspapd; jpir Ntfk; (v) = 3 𝑥 108

1.47 = 2.041 x 108 kP/tp

17. Ftpaj;njhiyT 18 nr.kP. nfhz;l Fopahbapd; Kd; 12 nr.kP. njhiytpy; epd;W nfhz;L KUfd; jdJ jhbiar;rtuk; nra;J nfhz;bUf;fpwhd; vdpy;>

m) MbapypUe;J KUfdpd; gpk;gk; vt;tsTj; njhiytpy; njhpAk;? M) KUfdpd; Kfk; Mbapd; Ftpaj;njhiytpw;F FiwthfNth my;yJ mjpfkhfNth

,Uf;Fk;NghJ ghjpg;G cz;lh? tpsf;Ff.

m) Mbapd; FtpaJuk; f = -18 nr.kP MbapypUe;J nghUspd; njhiyT u = -12 nr.kP (,lg;Gwk; vd;gjhy;)

Mbr; rkd;ghL:

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 +

1

𝑢

1

𝑣 =

1

𝑓 -

1

𝑢

= 1

−18 -

1

−12

= −2

36 +

3

36

= 1

36

v = 36 nrkP gpk;gj;jpd; njhiyT Neu; Fwpahf tUtjhy; Mbf;F tyg;Gwk; mjhtJ Mbf;Fs; 36 nrkP njhiytpy; gpk;gk; njupAk;.

M) KUfdpd; Kfk; Mbapd; Ftpaj;njhiytpw;F Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;NghJ kl;LNk mtdJ Kfk; Mbf;Fs; njupAk;.

Ftpaj;njhiyit tpl mjpfkhd Juk; nry;Yk;NghJ Mbf;Fs; gpk;gk; njupahJ. khwhf tisT ikaj;jpw;F mg;ghy; ngupa nka; gpk;gk; Vw;gLk;.

18. xspahdJ gbfj;jpd; topNa 1.90 x 108 kP/ tp vd;w Ntfj;jpy; nry;YfpwJ vdpy; mg;gbfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; ahJ?

gbfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;µ = 𝑐

𝑣 (c vd;gJ fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;)





= 3 x108

1.9 x 108 = 1.579

gbfj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; = 1.579 (myF ,y;iy)

19. uQ;rpdp Vw;ghL nra;j “nkOFth;j;jpahy; myq;fhpf;fg;gl;l Xh; ,uT Neu tpUe;jpd;” ,Wjpapy; rpwg;G czthf ePyngh;hp goq;fs; cs;s $o;kk; ghpkhwg;gl;lJ. ePyngh;hpahdJ fhw;wpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; 450 Nfhzj;ij Vw;gLj;JtJ Nghyj; Njhd;Wk;. Mdhy; cz;ikapy; $o;kj;jpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; 300 Nfhz msitNa Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vdpy; $o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;izf; fhz;f.

fhw;wpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzk; 450 mjhtJ gLNfhzk; 450 $o;kj;jpy; nrq;Fj;Jf;Nfhl;Lld; Vw;gLj;Jk; Nfhzk; 300 mjhtJ tpyFNfhzk; 300

$o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz;

µ = 𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑖

𝑆𝑖𝑛 𝑟

= 𝑆𝑖𝑛 450

𝑆𝑖𝑛 300 (Sin 450 = 2 / 2 Sin 300 = 1 / 2)

= 1/ 2

1 / 2 =

1

2 x

2

1

= 1

2 x

2 x 2

1

= 2 = 1.414

$o;kj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; = 1.414

20. fpl;lg;ghh;it cs;s xUthpd; Nra;ikg;Gs;sp 75 nr.kP. vdpy;> Fiwghl;bidr; rhpnra;a gad;gLj;jg;gLk; nyd;]pd; Ftpaj;njhiyT vd;d? fpl;lg;ghu;it cs;stu; gad;gLj;j Ntz;ba nyd;]; Fop nyd;]; Nra;ikg;Gs;sp v = -75 nrkP

nyd;]; rkd;ghL

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢

= 1

−75 -

1

∝

= 1

−75 - 0 =

1

−75

f = −75 nrkP Fiwghl;il rup nra;a Njitahd Fop nyd;]pd; FtpaJuk; -75nrkP

21. hPdhTk; thzpAk; flw;fiuapy; fz;l nefpop nyd;rpid Ftpnyd;rh? my;yJ Fopnyd;rh? vd tpthjpj;jdh;. nyd;rpd; topNa ghh;f;Fk;NghJ> gpk;gq;fs; jiyfPohfj; njhpe;jd vdpy;> m) nyd;rpypUe;J 25 nr.kP. njhiytpy; cs;s xU nghUs; nyd;Rf;F gpd;dhy; 20 nr.kP.

njhiytpy; gpk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ vdpy; nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;njhiyT vd;d? M) ,J Ftpnyd;rh? my;yJ Fopnyd;rh? (khh;r;-2017)

m) nyd;rpd; FtpaJuk; fhz fzf;fPL nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sit u = -25 nr.kP v = 20 nr.kP

nyd;]; rkd;ghL

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢





= 1

20 -

1

−25 =

5

100 +

4

100 =

9

100

f = 100

9 = 11.11 cm

nyd;]pd; Ftpa Juk; + 11.11 nrkP

M) Ftpnyd;R (fhuzk;: nka; kw;Wk; jiyfPo; gpk;gj;ij Vw;gLj;JfpwJ)

22. rkjsg; gug;NghL 150 Nfhzj;jpy; xspf;fw;iw gLk;NghJ> m) gLNfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d? M) vjpnuhspg;Gf;Nfhzk; vt;tsT? ,) jpirkhWk; Nfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G vd;d? m) gLNfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G: 90-15 = 750 M) vjpnuhspg;G Nfhzj;jpd; kjpg;G : 750 (fhuzk;: gLNfhzk; = vjpnuhspg;G Nfhzk;) ,) jpir khWk; Nfhzk;

d = 180 –( i + r) = 180 – (75+75)

= 180 – 150 = 300

23. njhlhky; %tifahd Mbfis vt;thW ,dk; fhz KbAk;? fhuzk; jUf. Mbfspy; ekJ Kfj;jpidg; ghu;j;J ,dk; fhz KbAk;

1. Mbapy; Kfj;ijg; ghh;f;Fk; NghJ gpk;gj;jpd; msT nghUspd; mstpw;F rkkhd khagpk;gkhf ,Ue;jhy; rkjs Mb.

2. nghUspd; msit tpl nghpa khagpk;gkhf ,Ue;jhy; Fop Mb. 3. nghUspd; msit tpl rpwpa khagpk;gkhf ,Ue;jhy; Ftp Mb.

24. AC kpd;dpaw;wpapd; Roy; mjph;ntz;iz ,ul;bg;ghf;Fk;NghJ Vw;gLk; tpisit tpsf;Ff. Jz;L kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; msT ,ul;bg;ghFk;.





Ie;J kjpg;ngz; tpdhf;fs; muRj;Nju;tpy; Nfl;fg;glf;$ba Ie;J kjpg;ngz; Gj;jf tpdh tpilfis ,g;gFjpapy; nfhLj;Js;Nshk;. mtw;wpy; 2> 7> 10> 17 Mfpa ghlq;fspy; cs;s tpdhtpilfis ed;F gbj;Jfnfhz;lhNy 15 Kjy; 20 kjpg;ngz;fs; tiu ngw KbAk;. ghJfhg;gpw;fhf 3> 4> 13> 15 Mfpa ghlq;fis rw;W NkNyhl;lkhfNt gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. xUNtis Gj;jfj;jpy; ,y;yhj tpdhf;fs; Nfl;fg;gl;lhy; ,it ifnfhLf;Fk;. jpwd;ngw;w khztu;fs; ,e;j 8 ghlq;fisAk; gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. Gj;jf tpdhf;fisj; jtpu $Ljy; tpdhf;fisAk; ,g;ghlq;fspy; jahupj;Jitj;Jf;nfhz;L gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. nky;yf;fw;Fk; khztu;fs; ,q;FnfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s tpdhf;fspy; 2> 7> 10> 17 ghl tpdhf;fis kl;Lk; ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;. mjpYk; Fwpg;ghf ];lhu; Fwpapl;l tpdhf;fis ed;F gbj;Jf;nfhs;Sq;fs;.

capupay;-1 muRj;Nju;tpy; vOj Ntz;baJ: tpdh vz;: 46 (Neha; jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk;) my;yJ tpdh vz;: 47 (kdpj cly; cWg;G kz;lyq;fs;)

tpdh vz;: 46f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (Neha; jilf;fhg;G kz;lyk;)

1. fyh vd;gth; Foe;ij ngw;Ws;shh;. m) gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F Kjy; MW khjq;fSf;Fs; toq;f Ntz;ba Neha;j;jLg;G+rpfs; Fwpj;j ml;ltiziaj; jahupf;f M) ,j;jLg;G+rpfs; %yk; ve;nje;j Neha;fis jLj;jpl ,aYk;? (khu;r; 2012>14>16> [d;-2012>13>14>16> nrg; 2013>16)

m) jLg;g+rp ml;ltiz vz; taJ jLg;g+rp msT 1. gpwe;j Foe;ij BCG Kjy; jtiz 2. 15 ehl;fs; NghypNah nrhl;L kUe;J Kjy; jtiz 3. 6 tJ thuk; Kj;jLg;g+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah Kjy; jtiz 4. 10 tJ thuk; Kj;jLg;g+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah 2tJ jtiz 5. 14 tJ thuk; Kj;jLg;g+rp kw;Wk; NghypNah 3tJ jtiz

M) jLg;g+rpfshy; jLf;fg;gLk; Neha;fs;: 1. BCG - fhrNeha;

2. NghypNah nrhl;L kUe;J - NghypNah (,sk;gps;is thjk;) 3. Kj;jLg;g+rp

i) njhz;il milg;ghd;> ii) ff;Fthd; ,Uky;> iii) nll;lhd];

2. cq;fs; gFjpapy; kNyhpah gutp cs;sJ. m) ,jidf; fl;Lg;gLj;j cq;fs; gFjpapd; chpa

mYtyh;fSf;Fj; jFe;j MNyhrid toq;Ff. M) kNyhpahtpd; rhpahd Neha; mwpFwpapid Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. (Fsph;, eLf;fk; kw;Wk; fLq;fha;r;ry;, Ngjp) (khu;r;-2013>15>17> [d; 2015)

m) Rfhjhu mjpfhhpf;F MNyhrid 1. Rfhjhu Kiwfshd fpUkpehrpdp njspj;jy;> GifNghLjy;> 2. rhf;filapy; ePu; Njq;fhky; Rj;jk; nra;jy; 3. nfhR tsu;r;rpiaj; jLf;f ePu; Njq;fpapUf;Fk; ,lq;fis %lr;nra;jy;. 4. nfhRtiy> nfhR tpul;bfis gad;gLj;jy;

Mfpatw;iw nray;gLj;JkhWk; ,J Fwpj;J kf;fSf;F tpopg;Gzu;T Vw;gLj;JkhWk; cupa mYtyu;fSf;F MNyhrid toq;FNtd;.

M) kNyhpah Nehapd; mwpFwpfs;: 1. Fsph;> eLf;fk; kw;Wk; fLq;fha;r;ry; 2. kz;zPuy; gOjiljYk; kw;Wk; fy;yPuy;jpR mopjYk;

3. mf;Nlhgu; 15> cyf if fOTk; ehshff; nfhz;lhlg;gLfpwJ. m) cq;fs; ez;gDf;Ff; if fOTjypd; ed;ikfisf; $Wf. M) xU ehspy; ve;nje;j Neuq;fspy; if fOTtPu;fs;? (nrg;-14)

m) if fOTjypd; ed;ikfs; 1. Neha;f;fpUkpfs; clYf;Fs; nry;tJ jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. Neha;fs; guTtJ jLf;fg;gLfpwJ. 2. tpuy; ,ilntspfis ed;F fOTk; NghJ nrhwp rpuq;F> efRj;jp tUtijj; jLf;fyhk;. 3. njhw;W Neha;f; fpUkpfs; ek;ikj; jhf;FtjpypUe;J fhj;Jf; nfhs;syhk;.





4. Ntjpg; nghUl;fisf; ifahz;l gpd; iffisf; fOTtjhy; cly; ghjpg;ig jLf;fyhk;. 5. iffis ed;F fOTtjd; %yk; Nehapy;yhj MNuhf;fpakhd tho;T tho KbAk;.

M) if fOTk; Neuq;fs;: 1. czTf;F Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk; 2. rpWePu;> kyk; fopj;j gpd;G 3. rikay; nra;Ak; Kd;Gk; gpd;Gk; 4. tpisahl;L kw;Wk; clw;gapw;rp Kbj;j gpd;G 5. Rj;jk; nra;jy; my;yJ Ntiy nra;j gpd;G 6. Nehahspfisr; re;jpj;j gpd;G 7. Ma;tfj;jpy; Ma;T nra;j gpd;G 8. Rfhjhuf; Fiwthd nghUl;fis ifahz;l gpd;.

4. Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy; vd;why; vd;d? Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wypd; tiffisg; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.

Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy; : kdpj clypy; Neha;fSf;F vjpuhd Fwpg;gpl;l xU tif Neha; fpUkp my;yJ mjd; nghUs;fSf;F vjpuhf ekJ clyhy; vLf;fg;gLk; eltbf;ifNa Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; MFk;.

Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wypd; tiffs ;: Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;

,aw;ifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;

nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy; ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

,aw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

nraw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

,aw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;

Neha; jLg;ghw;wy; ,U tifg;gLk;. 1) ,aw;ifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; gpwg;gpypUe;Nj ngwg;gLtJ. 2) ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy; gpwe;j gpd; ehk; ngWtJ.

,aw;ifahd Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;: ,J ,aw;ifahfNt gpwg;gpypUe;Nj fhzg;gLk; jLg;ghw;wy;. kuGtopahf ehk; ngw;w

jLg;ghw;wYk;> nts;isaZf;fspd; %yk; ehk; ngWk; jLg;ghw;wYk; ,jpy; mlq;Fk;. jhtutif Neha;fs; tpyq;Ffisj; jhf;fhJ.

ngwg;gl;l Neha;j; jLg;ghw;wy;: jd;tho;ehspy; NehAw;W gpd; ngwg;gLk; jLg;ghw;wy;. ,JTk; ,uz;L tifg;gLk;. 1) nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy; 2) ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy;

nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;: Kjd;Kiwahf Neha;f; fhuzpahy; Neha; cz;lhFk;NghJ Vw;gLk; jLg;ghw;wy; nray;kpF jLg;ghw;wy; MFk;. ,J vjph; Njhd;wpj;Jz;Ljyhy; ngwg;gLtJ. ,J ,U tifg;gLk;. 1) ,aw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;: Neha; fhuzkhf ,aw;ifahf ngwg;gLtJ.

Nehapd; NghJ cUthf;fg;gLk; vjpu;g;nghUs; clypy; ePz;lfhyk; jq;fpapUe;J Neha;fSf;F vjpuhf nray;gLk;.

2) nraw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l Neha;j;jLg;ghw;wy;: vjpu;nghUs; cw;gj;jp jLg;G+rp KiwapNyh> kdpjupy; NtWKiwapNyh nray;gLj;jg;gl;lhy; ,it nraw;ifahd nray;kpF ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy; vdg;gLk;. cUthf;fg;gl;l vjpu;nghUs; clypy; ePz;lfhyk; jq;fpapUe;J Neha;fSf;F vjpuhf nray;gLfpwJ. v.fh. NghypNah jLg;G+rp

ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy; Neha;f;F vjpuhd vjpu;nghUl;fs; clypy; ,aw;ifahf cUthtjw;F gjpyhf cl;nrYj;jg;gLfpwJ. ,J ,U tifg;gLk;: 1) ,aw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;: jhapd; ,uj;jj;jpypUe;J ngwg;gl;l vjpu;g;nghUs;

fUTf;F nry;tJk; jha;g;ghy; %yk; Foe;ijf;F nry;tJk; ,aw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;.

2) nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;: vjpu;nghUs; nraw;ifahf gpwtif tpyq;FfsplkpUe;J ngwg;gl;L nrYj;jg;gLtJ nraw;ifahd ke;jkhf ngwg;gl;l jLg;ghw;wy;.





5. kdpjdpy; eilngWk; gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; tho;f;ifr; Row;rpia tpthpf;f.

gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; ghy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; mdhgpy]; ngz; nfhRtpYk; ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk; kdpjhpYk; eilngWfpwJ.

kdpjhpy; gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; tho;f;if Row;rp: 1) kdpjdpd; clypy;> gpsh];Nkhbaj;jpd; ghypyh ,dg;ngUf;fk; eilngWfpwJ. 2) gpsh];Nkhbaj;jhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l ngz; mdhgpy]; nfhR Nehaw;w kdpjh;fisf; fbf;Fk; NghJ

nfhRtpd; ckpo;ePhpy; NrfukhfpAs;s gpsh];Nkhbaj;jp;d; ];NghNuhRtha;Lfs; kdpjdpd; clYf;Fs; nry;fpwJ.

3) ,it fy;yPuy; nry;fspy; irrhz;LfshfTk; gpd; kPNuhNrhapl;LfshfTk; Row;rp Kiwapy; ngUFfpwJ.

4) gpd; kPNuhNrha;Lfs; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fis jhf;fp cl;nry;fpwJ. 5) mq;F l;Nuhg;NghNrha;LfshfTk; irrhz;LfshfTk; Row;rp Kiwapy; gd; klq;F ngUfp

,Wjpapy; ,uj;j rptg;gZf;fis ntbf;fr;nra;J Mz; ngz; Nfkpl;Nlhirl;Lfshf ntspNaWfpd;wd.

6) ,jd; tpisthf `PNkhNrhapd; vd;w er;Rg;nghUs; ntspg;gl;L FspiuAk; fLk; fha;r;riyAk; Vw;gLj;JfpwJ.

7) ,f;fha;r;ry; 3 Kjy; 4 ehl;fs; ePbf;fyhk;.

6. rj;Jg;gw;whf;Fiwapdhy; Vw;gLk; gy;NtW Neha;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. me;Neha;fSf;fhd mwpFwpfis vOJf.

ey;y cly; eyj;jpw;F kdpjdpd; cztpy; fhh;Nghi`l;Nul;> nfhOg;G> itl;lkpd;fs;> jhJ cg;Gfs; Nghd;w rj;Jf;fs; chpa mstpy; ,Uf;f Ntz;Lk;. cztpy; kdpjDf;Fj; Njitahd msT rj;Jf;fs; ,y;iynadpy; Vw;gLgit rj;Jf; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs;.

Gujf;Fiwghl;L Neha;fs;: Neha;fs; mwpFwpfs; kuh];k]; Foe;ijapd; vil FiwT> fLikahd tapw;Wg;Nghf;F> vYk;G kPJ

Njhy; Nghh;j;jg;gl;lJ Nghd;w clyikg;G Fth\pNahh;fu; cg;gpa tapW> Kfk;> if> fhy;fspy; tPf;fk;

itl;lkpd; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; itl;lkpd; Fiwghl;L Neha;fs; mwpFwpfs; itl;lkpd; A epf;NlhNyhgpah khiyf;fz; itl;lkpd; D hpf;fl;]; vYk;Gfspy; fhy;rpak; FiwghL itl;lkpd; E kyl;Lj; jd;ik ,dg;ngUf;fr; nray; FiwghL itl;lkpd; K ,uj;jk; ciwahik mjpf ,uj;j ,og;G itl;lkpd; B1 nghp-nghp euk;Gr; nray;ghl;Lf; FiwT itl;lkpd; B5 ngy;yhfuh kwjp Neha;> Njhy; Neha;> tapw;Wg;Nghf;F itl;lkpd; B12 ngh;dPrpa]; mdpkpah ,uj;jr; rptg;gZr; rpijT itl;lkpd; C ];fh;tp <Wfspy; ,uj;jk; frpjy;> gy; tpOjy;

tpdh vz;: 47f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (kdpj cly; cWg;G kz;lyq;fs;;)

1. euk;G nry;ypd; mikg;igj; njspthd glj;Jld; ghfq;fisf; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff. (khh;; -16> nrg;-16)





euk;G kz;lyj;jpd; mbg;gil mikg;G kw;Wk; nry; myFfs; euk;G nry;fs; my;yJ epa+uhd;fs;. euk;Gnry; %d;W gFjpfisf; nfhz;lJ. 1) nry; clyk; 2) nlz;biul;Lfs; 3) Mf;]hd;fs;

1) nry; clyk;: ,J irl;lhd; vdg;gLfpwJ. xOq;fw;w tbtk; nfhz;lJ. irl;Nlhgpshrk;> eprpy; Jfs;fs; nry; Ez;ZWg;Gfisf; nfhz;lit.

2) nlz;biul;Lfs;: nry; clyj;jpypUe;J mLj;jj;j fpisj;jy;fSld; $ba ePl;rpfNs nlz;biul;Lfs;. ,it nry; cliy Nehf;fp kpd;Jz;ly;fisf; flj;Jfpd;wd.

3) Mf;]hd;: nry; clyj;jpypUe;J cUthFk; ,iofspy; kpfTk; ePz;L fhzg;gLtJ Mf;]hd;. ,jd; Kbtpy; fpisj;J fhzg;gLk; Fkpo; Nghd;w mikg;gpy; KbfpwJ. ,it euk;G nry;

,ilntspf; Fkpo; vdg;gLk;. ,it euk;G rkpq;iffis flj;Jk; Ntjpg;nghUshy; epug;gg;gl;Ls;sJ. Mf;]hidr; R+o;e;J ikaypd; ciwahy; cz;lhf;fg;gLk; ,ilntspfs; Nud;tpah;

fZf;fs; MFk;.

2. kdpj %isapd; gy;NtW ghfq;fisf; Fwpg;gpl;L mjd; gzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

kdpj %is %d;W ghfq;fshf gphpf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. 1) Kd; %is 2) eL %is 3) gpd; %is ghfq;fs; gFjpfs; gzpfs;

Kd; %is

ngU%is

1) czu;T> mwpTf;$u;ik> epidthw;wy;> fw;gidj;jpwd;> fhuzfhupa Ma;T Nghd;wtw;Wf;F ,Ug;gplkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ.

2) Nfl;ly;, ghh;j;jy;, Ritawpjy;, Efh;jy; kw;Wk; NgRjy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;F jdpj;jdp ikaq;fs; cs;sd. 3) czu;Tj; Jz;ly;fisg; ngw;W ,r;ir nray;fisj; njhlq;fp itf;fpwJ.

jyhk]; czh;T kw;Wk; ,af;f czh;tiyfisf; flj;Jjy;

i`g;Ngh jyhk];

cly; ntg;gepiy> cz;Zjy;> ePh; gUFjy; Nghd;wtw;Wf;fhd ce;Jjy;> ghYwT elj;ijia xOq;FgLj;Jjy;> fpsh;r;rp> rpdk;> gak;> Jz;Ljy; Nghd;w kd ntOr;rp ntspg;ghLfs; Nghd;wtw;iw ,J fl;LgLj;JfpwJ

eL %is fhh;Nghuh Fthl;hp n[kpdh

ghh;j;jypd; mdpr;ir nray;fisAk; ghh;it rhh;G ,af;fj;ij fl;Lg;gLj;jp xOq;Fg;gLj;Jjy;

gpd; %is

ghd;]; nra;jpfis ngU%isapypUe;J rpW%isf;Ff; flj;JfpwJ. cwf;fk;> Rthrk; ,tw;iwf; fl;LgLj;Jk;.

rpW%is elj;jy;> XLjy; Nghd;w ,af;F jirfspd; ,af;fj;ij xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ.

KFsk; ,jaj;Jbg;G> ,uj;jf;Foha;fs; RUf;fk;> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;wtw;iw xOq;FgLj;Jk; mdpr;ir nray;fspd; ikakhf KFsk; tpsq;FfpwJ.

3. kdpj clypy; fhzg;gLk; ehskpy;yhr; Rug;gpfisAk; mtw;wpd; miktplq;fisAk; ngahpLf. mtw;wpy; VNjDk; ,uz;bidg; gw;wp tphpthf vOJf.

ehskpy;yh Rug;gp miktplk; 1. gpl;a+l;lhp 2. gPdpay;

jiyg;gFjp

1. ijuha;L 2. ghuhijuha;L

fOj;Jg;gFjp

ijk]; khu;Gg; gFjp 1. fizaj;jpd; yhq;fh; `hd;]; jpl;Lfs; 2. ml;hPdy; - ml;hPdy; fhu;nlf;];> ml;hPdy; nkLy;yh 3. ,dg;ngUf;fr;Rug;gp: Mz;fs; : tpe;jfk; ngz;fs; : mz;lfk;

tapw;Wg;gFjp





ijuha;L Rug;gp: 1) Fuy;tisapd; ,U GwKk; ,U fJg;Gfisf; nfhz;l mikg;G ijuha;L Rug;gp. 2) ,J ijuhf;]pd; vd;Dk; `hh;Nkhd; Ruf;fpwJ. 3) ijuhf;]pd; clypd; tsh;rpij khw;w tPjj;ij cah;j;jp cly; ntg;gj;ij mjpfhpf;fpwJ. 4) jpR tsh;r;rp khWghL Mfpatw;iw Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. 5) cly; tsh;r;rpia kiwKfkhf ghjpg;gjhy; ,J MSik `hh;Nkhd; vdg;gLfpwJ. 6) ,uj;jj;jpy; mNahbd; kw;Wk; rh;f;fiu msit xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ. 7) rpWePh; nray;ghL rpWePh; Nghf;if fl;Lg;gLj;JfpwJ.

yhq;fh; `hd;]; jpl;Lfs;: 1) fizaj;jpd; yhq;fh; `hd;]; jpl;Lfspy; cs;s My;gh nry;fs; FSf;Nfhfhd; vd;Dk;

`hh;NkhidAk; gPl;lh nry;fs; ,d;Rypd; vd;Dk; `hh;NkhidAk; Ruf;fpd;wd. 2) ,d;Rypd; jpR Mf;]pfuzj;jpw;fhf nry;fs; FSf;Nfhir vLj;Jf; nfhs;tij Cf;Ftpf;fpwJ. 3) ,d;Rypd; FSf;Nfhir fpisf;Nfh[dhf khw;wp fy;yPuypYk; jirfspYk; Nrkpf;fpwJ. 4) FSf;Nfhfhd; ,uj;jj;jpd; rh;f;fiu msT FiwAk; NghJ nray;gl;L fpisf;Nfh[id

FSf;Nfhrhf khw;wkiltij Jz;b ,uj;jj;jpy; rh;f;fiuapd; msit cah;j;JfpwJ. 5) ,d;Rypd; FSf;Nfhfhd; Mfpait ,uz;Lk; nray;gl;L ,uj;jj;jpy; rh;f;fiuapd; msT 80-120

kpyp/nlrp.yp vd;w mstpy; guhkhpf;fpd;wd.

4. kpahrp]; gFg;G Vd; Fd;wy; gFg;G vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ? mjd; gy;NtW epiyfisj; Njitahd glq;fSld; tpsf;Ff. mjd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk; gw;wpf; Fwpg;G tiuf.

kpahrp]; nry;gFg;G %yk; ,dg;ngUf;f cWg;Gfspy; rpwg;ghd ,Uka nry;fs; ehd;F xw;iwka ,d nry;fis cz;lhf;Ffpd;wd. ,q;F FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; vz;zpf;if ghjpahf Fiwf;fg;gLtjhy; ,jid Fd;wy; gFg;G vd;fpNwhk;.

nry;gFg;G epiyfs;: 1) kpahrp]; nry;gFg;G ,uz;L gphpTfspy;

eilngWfpwJ. kpah]p];-I kpah]p];-II

2) kpah]p]; I - y; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; vz;zpf;if ghjpahf FiwfpwJ. kpah]p]; II ikl;lhrp]; Nghd;wNj.

kpah]p]; I: 1) kpah]p]; I ehd;F Jiz epiyfspy;

eilngWfpwJ. GNuhepiy I nkl;lhepiy I mdh epiy I BNyhepiy I

2) GNuhepiy I - y; FNuhNkl;bd; tiygpd;dy; tiyaikg;ig ,oe;J jdpj;j FNuhNkhNrhk;fshfpd;wd. cl;fU rt;T fiue;J NghfpwJ.

3) ,jid FNuhNkhNrhk; tbtq;fspd; mbg;gilapy; nyg;NlhBd;> irf;NfhBd;> ghf;fpBd;> bg;NshBd;> ilahifdrp]; vd;w Jizepiyfspy; mwpayhk;.

GNuhepiy I

nyg;NlhBd; epiyapy; FNuhNkhNrhk; RUf;fkile;J ePsthf;fpy; gpsTWfpwJ. irf;NfhBd; epiyapy; xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; ,izAWfpd;wd. ,e;j ,izT rpdhg;rp]; vdg;gLk;. ,izAw;w FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; FNuhNkhNrhk;; ,ul;ilfs; vdg;gLk;. ghf;fpBd; epiyapy; ehd;F FNuhNkhbl;LfSld; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. xj;;jpirthd FNuhNkhbl;LfSf;F ,ilNa FWf;Nf fyj;jy; %yk; ghpkhw;wk; epfo;fpwJ. bg;NshBd; epiyapy; xj;jpirthd FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; gphpfpd;wd. ,J Edp miljy; vdg;gLfpwJ. ilahifdrp]; epiyapy; cl;fU> cl;fUkzp kiwe;J fjph; mikg;G irl;Nlhgpshrj;jpy; Njhd;WfpwJ.

nkl;lhepiy I FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; JUtg;gFjpfs; Nehf;fpathW mikAk;.





mdh epiy I fjph;,iofs; RUf;fkiltjhy; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; JUtq;fis Nehf;fp ,Of;fg; gLfpd;wd. ,g;NghJ ghjp FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; kl;Lk; JUtq;fspy; ,Uf;fyhk;.

BNyhepiy I xt;nthU JUtj;jpYk; FNuhNkhNrhk; njhFjpfis Rw;wp cl;fU rt;T Njhd;WfpwJ.

4) kpahrp]; I -d; Kbtpy; fpilkl;lkhf irl;Nlhgpshrj;jpy; Vw;gLk; gphpjYf;F irl;Nlhifdrp]; vd;W ngau;.

kpahrp]; II : 1) kpahrp]; II vd;gJ ikl;lhrp]; Nghd;wNj. ,JTk; ehd;F epiyfspy; eilngWfpwJ.

GNuhepiy II FNuhNkhNrhk; ,ul;ilfs; FWf;fkilfpwJ. cl;fUkzp> cl;fU rt;T kiwfpwJ. nrd;l;hpNahy; M];lh; ,iofis cUthf;FfpwJ.

nkl;lhepiy II nry;ypd; ikag;gFjpapy; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; te;J fjph; ,iofSld; ,izf;fg;gLfpwJ.

mdh epiy II nrd;l;Nuhkpah; ,uz;lhf gpsTWtjhy; Nra; FNuhNkhNrhk;fs; JUtj;ij Nehf;fp efh;fpd;wd.

BNyh epiy II JUtq;fspy; FNuhNkl;bd; tiyg;gpd;dy; mikg;ghf khWfpwJ. cl;fU rt;T> cl;fUkzp Njhd;WfpwJ.

2) cl;fUtpw;F Neh;Fj;jhf irl;Nlhifdrp]; epfo;thy; gphpjy; eilngw;W ehd;F Nra; nry;fs; Njhd;Wfpd;wd.

kpahrp]pd; Kf;fpaj;Jtk;: 1) rpw;wpdj;jpd; FNuhNkhNrhk;fspd; vz;zpf;ifia epiyepWj;JfpwJ. 2) FWf;Nf fyj;jy;> Nra;fspy; kuGg; gz;Gfspy; NtWghLfs; Njhd;Wtjw;F fhuzkhf ,Uf;fpwJ. 3) ,t;NtWghLfs; gupzhkj;Jf;F mbg;gilahf mikfpd;wd.

5. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s nrhw;fis itj;J gj;jpia epug;Gf. ([d; - 2016) (kz;ilNahL> Ks;nsYk;Gj; njhlh;> igahNkl;lh;> muf;dha;L ciw> %is> jz;Ltlk;> %is

ciwfs;> ba+uhNkl;lh;) ika euk;G kz;lyj;ijr; Rw;wpAs;s %d;W ghJfhg;;G ciwfs; xl;Lnkhj;jkhf ……… vd;W

miof;fg;gLfpd;wd. ………. kw;Wk; ……………f;F mbapy; mike;Js;s ntspg;Gw ,ul;ilf; fbd ciw …………… vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. nky;ypaJk;> ,uj;j ehsq;fisg; ngw;wJkhd eL ciwf;F …………… vd;W ngah;. %isiaAk;> jz;Ltlj;ijAk; Rw;wp neUf;fkhf mike;Js;s cl;Gw nky;ypa ciwf;F ……………… vd;W ngah;.

(1) %is ciwfs; (2) kz;ilNahL (3) Ks;nsYk;G njhlu;; (4) ba+uhNkl;lh; (5) muf;dha;L ciw (6) igahNkl;lh;

6. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ghfq;fis mjd; gzpAld; nghUj;Jf. KFsk;> rpW%is> Kd;%is> jyhk];> ngU%isg;Gwzp> gpd;%is> ghd;];> i`Nghjyhk];.

m) cwf;f ikak; kw;Wk; Rthr ikak; M) ,jaj; Jbg;G. ,uj;jf; Foy;fspd; RUf;fk;> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w nray;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk;

gy;NtW mdpr;irr; nray;fspd; ikak; ,) ngU%is> jyhk]; kw;Wk; i`g;Nghjyhk]; nfhz;lJ. <) ,af;f kw;Wk; czh;gFjpfs; c) czh;T kw;Wk; ,af;F czh;tiyfisf; flj;Jk; Kf;fpag; gzpiar; nra;fpwJ C) ghYwT elj;ijia xOq;FgLj;Jjy; v) ghd;];> rpW%is kw;Wk; KFsk; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpaJ V) elj;jy;> XLjy; Nghd;w ,af;Fjirfspd; ,af;fq;fis xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ

m) cwf;f ikak; kw;Wk; Rthr ikak; - ghd;]; M) ,jaj; Jbg;G> ,uj;jf; Foy;fspd; RUf;fk;> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w

nray;fis xOq;FgLj;Jk; gy;NtW mdpr;irr; nray;fspd; ikak; - KFsk;

,) ngU%is> jyhk]; kw;Wk; i`g;Nghjyhk]; nfhz;lJ. - Kd;%is <) ,af;f kw;Wk; czh;gFjpfs; - ngU%is Gwzp c) czh;T kw;Wk; ,af;F czh;tiyfisf; flj;Jk; Kf;fpag;

gzpiar; nra;fpwJ - jyhk];

C) ghYwT elj;ijia xOq;FgLj;Jjy; - i`g;Nghjyhk]; v) ghd;];> rpW%is kw;Wk; KFsk; Mfpatw;iw cs;slf;fpaJ - gpd; %is





V) elj;jy;> XLjy; Nghd;w ,af;Fjirfspd; ,af;fq;fis xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ

- rpW%is

7. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s kdpj %isapy; gpd;tUk; nray;fisf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; gFjpfis KiwNa m> M> ,> < vdf; Fwpf;f. m) %isapd; vg;gFjp czh;T> mwpTf;$h;ik> epidthw;wy;> fw;gidj;jpwd;>

fhuzfhhpak; Ma;e;jwpjy; Kjypatw;wpd; ,Ug;gplkhfj; jpfo;fpwJ? M) %isapd; vg;gFjp ,af;Fjirfspd; ,af;fq;fis xOq;FgLj;JfpwJ? ,) %isapd; vg;gFjp cwf;fk; kw;Wk; Rthrj;jpw;fhdJ? <) %isapd; vg;gFjp ,jaj;Jbg;G> ,uj;jf;Foy;fspd; RUf;fk;> %r;RtpLjy; Nghd;w nray;fis

xOq;FgLj;Jk; gy;NtW mdpr;ir nray;fspd; ikakhFk;?

m) ngU %is M) rpW %is ,) ghd;]; <) KFsk;

capupay;-2

muRj;Nju;tpy; vOj Ntz;baJ: tpdh vz;: 48 (jhtuq;fspy; ,dg;ngUf;fk;) my;yJ tpdh vz;: 49 (Rw;Wr;R+oy; ghJfhg;G)

tpdh vz;: 48f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (jhtuq;fspy;; ,dg;ngUf;fk;)

1. m) fdp cUthFk; epfo;r;rpiaf; $Wf. M) ,e;epfo;r;rpapidr; RUf;fkhf tpthpf;f ,) me;epfo;tpidf; Fwpf;Fk; glj;jpid tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;f. ([d; 13> nrg; 13>15)

m) fdp cUthjy;: fdpfs; fUTWjypd; tpisthf cUthfpwJ. fUTw;w gpd; R+y;ig Kjpu;e;J fdpahfpwJ. M) fdp cUthFk; epfo;T: kfue;jJs; Kisj;jy;:-

1. #y; Kbapy; tpOe;j kfue;jJs; Kisf;f Muk;gpf;fpwJ. 2. kfue;j Jspy; ,uz;L nry;fs; cs;sd. 3. nghpanry; cly nry;. rpwpa nry; cw;gj;jpnry; (n[dNubt;). 4. cly nry; Kisj;J #yfj;jz;L topahf xU ePz;l Foha; Nghy; fUg;igia Nehf;fp

tsh;fpwJ ,jw;F kfue;jFoy; tsu;jy; vd;W ngah;. 5. cw;gj;jp nry; kfue;j Fohapy; gphpe;J ,uz;L Mz;Nfkpl;Lfshf khWfpwJ.

fUTWjy;:- 1. kfue;jf; Foha; fUg;igapy; Eioe;jTld; ntbf;fpwJ. 2. ,jpypUe;J xU Mz; NfkPl; xU mz;lj;Jld; ,izfpwJ. ,jw;F fUTWjy; vd;W ngah;. 3. KOik mile;j fUTw;w Kl;ilf;F irNfhl; vd;W ngah;. ,J fUthf tsh;fpwJ.

,ul;ilf; fUTWjy;:- 1. fUg;igapy; cs;s ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fU ,ul;ilj; jd;ikAilaJ. 2. ,e;j ,Uka (2n) cl;fUTld; kw;nwhU xUka (n) Mz; NfkPl; ,izfpwJ. ,jw;F

%tpizT (3n) vd;W ngah;. 3. ,e;j %tpiztpd; %yk; cUthFk; cl;fU> fUT+z; vdg;gLk; 4. ,J tsUk; fUtpw;F czT mspf;fpwJ. 5. ,uz;L Mz; NfkPl;Lfspy; xd;W mz;lj;JlDk; kw;nwhd;W ,uz;lhk; epiy cl;fUTlDk;

,iztJ ,ul;ilf; fUTWjy; vdg;gLk;.





,)

2. G+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; eilngWk; ghypdg; ngUf;f Kiwapy; <LgLk; ,uz;L epfo;Tfis vOJf. m) Kjy; epfo;T kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; tiffis tpthpf;f. M) mjd; ed;ik jPikfis vOJf. (khu;r; 2013>2015> [d; 2015)

g+f;Fk; jhtuq;fspy; ghypdg; ngUf;fj;jpd; ,uz;L epfo;Tfs;. 1. kfue;j Nrh;f;if 2. fUTWjy;

m) Kjy; epfo;T kfue;j Nrh;f;if: kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if vd;gJ kfue;jg;igapy; cs;s kfue;jj; Jfs;fs; #y;Kbia miltjhFk;. kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if fhw;W> ePh; kw;Wk; g+r;rpfshy; eilngWfpwJ. tiffs;: 1. jd; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if 2. may; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if

1. jd; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if (Ml;Nlh Nfkp):- jd; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if vd;gJ xU kyhpd; kfue;j Js; mNj kyhpd; cs;s #yf

Kbia miltJ my;yJ mNj jhtuj;ijr; rhh;e;j kw;nwhU kyhpd; #yfKbia milAk; epfo;;r;rpahFk;. ,jw;F Ml;NlhNfkp vd;Wk; ngah;.

2. may; kfue;j Nrh;f;if (my;NyhNfkp):- may; kfue;j Nrh;f;if vd;gJ xU kyhpd; kfue;j Js; mNj ,dj;ijr; rhh;e;j

kw;nwhU jhtuj;jpd; #y; Kbia miltjhFk;. ,jw;F my;NyhNfkp vd;W ngah;.

M) jd; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; jPikfs;:- ed;ikfs; jPikfs;

1. ,Ughy; kyh;fspy; jd;kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if fl;lhakhf eilngWk;.

2. jd; kfue;j Nrh;f;iff;F Gwf; fhuzpfs; Njitapy;iy.

3. kfue;jj; Jfs;fs; tPzhtjpy;iy.

1. Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; tpijfs; cUthFk;. 2. fUT+z; kpff; Fiwthf ,Uf;Fk;. vdNt tpijfs;

kpf eyptile;j jhtuq;fisNa cUthf;Fk;. 3. Gjpatifj; jhtuq;fs; cUthfhJ. mjd; fhuzkhfj;

jhtuq;fs; gbg;gbahf kiwa NeupLk;.

may; kfue;j Nru;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs; kw;Wk; jPikfs;:- ed;ikfs; jPikfs;

1. may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapd; tpisthf cUthFk; tpijfs;> Kisj;J jplkhd jhtuq;fshf tsUk; jd;ikiag; ngw;wpUf;Fk;.

2. Gjpa ufq;fs; cUthf tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ. 3. ed;F Kisf;Fk; jpwDila tpijfs; cUthFk;.

1. Gwf; fhuzpfs; ,y;iyNay;; may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;if eilngw ,ayhJ.

2. kfue;jj; Jfs;fs; tPzhFk; tha;g;G ,Uf;fpwJ.

3. m) fUTWjypd; tpisthf cUthtJ fdp> fUTWjy; eilngwhky; VNjDk; fdp cUthfpwjh? M) fdpfs; tifg;ghl;bd; ml;ltiziaj; jUf. (khu;r; 2012> 2016)

m) fUTWjy; eilngwhky; fdp cUthFjy;: fUTWjy; eilngwhkNyNa rpy fdpfs; cUthFfpd;wd. ,jw;F fUTwhf; fdpfs;

my;yJ ghh;j;jpNdhfhh;gpf;; fdpfs; vd;W ngah;. v.fh: tpijapy;yhj; jpuhl;ir> nfha;ah.





M) fdpfs; tifg;ghl;bd; ml;ltiz: fdp jdpf;fdp jpus; fdp $l;Lf;fdp rijg;gw;Ws;s fdp cyu;fdp NrhNuhrp]; irf;Nfhd]; KO rijf;fdp cs;xl;L cyu;ntbfdp cyu;ntbahfdp gpsTf;fdp 1) ngu;up 2) n`];ngupbak; 3) Nghk; 4) ngg;Ngh

rijf;fdp (l;&g;)

1) ,UGwntbfdp (ny$k;) 2) xUGwntbfdp 3) fhg;#y; (miw ntbfdp>

jLg;Gr; Rtu; miw ntbfdp)

1) mfpd; 2) Nfupahg;rp]; 3) rpg;nry;yh 4) nfhl;il

1) nyhnkz;lk; 2) fpupNkhfhu;g; 3) nuf;kh

4. jpus;fdp> $l;Lf;fdp jFe;j vLj;Jf;fhl;LfSld; xg;gpLf. ([_d; 2014)

vz; jpus;fdp $l;Lf;fdp 1. Nky; kl;l #w;ig nfhz;l ,izahj

gy #y; ,iyfs; cs;s jdp kyupypUe;J cUthtJ jpus; fdp MFk; v.fh. nel;bypq;fk;

gy kyu;fs; nfhz;l xU kQ;rhpapypUe;J cUthFk; xw;iwf; fdp $l;Lf;fdp MFk; v.fh. gyh

2. jdpj;j xt;nthU R+ypiyAk; rpW rpW fdpfshf tsu;r;rpailfpwJ.

kQ;rupapd; ikaj;jz;L> kly; fjpu; kQ;rupapd; kyu;fs; midj;Jk; ,ize;J $l;Lf; fdpahfpwJ.

3. ika mr;R nky;ypajhf ,Uf;Fk;. xU fhk;gpy; gy fdpfs; Nrh;e;J nfhj;jhf fhzg;gLk;.

ika mr;R jbj;J rijg; gw;Wilajhf khWfpwJ.

4. fdpj; Njhy; ,Wf;fkhf fhzg;gLk;. fdpj;Njhy; igNghd;W xUtpijAld; fhzg;gLk;. gyhtpy; g+tpjo;fs; cz;Zk; gFjpahf khWfpwJ.

5. rpy jhtuj;jpy; #ypiyfspd; tpspk;Gfs; ,ize;J KOf;fdpahfj; Njhd;Wk; v.fh. rPjhg;gok;.

i`ge;Njhbak; kQ;rhpapy; g+j;jsk; rijg;gw;Ws;s ghfkhf khwpAs;sJ. v.fh. mj;jp.

5. ,Utpj;jpiyj; jhtu tpijapd; mikg;ig tpthpf;f. (khh;r;-14>17 [d; 2012> nrg;-12>14>16) ,U tpj;jpiy tpijapd; mikg;G (mtiu):

1) mtiu tpij jbj;j> rpWePuf tbtk; nfhz;lJ> ePsthl;by; xU Gwk; tise;Jk; vjph;Gwk;

Fope;Jk; cs;sJ. 2) ePs thl;lj;jpy; nkd;ikahd rw;W jbj;j mikg;G cs;sJ. ,jw;F u/Ng vd;W ngah;. 3) u/Ngapd; Edpapy; rpwpa Jis cs;sJ. ,jw;F tsh;Jis my;yJ ikf;Nuhigy; vd;W ngah;. 4) ePhpy; Cw itj;j tpijia nkJthf mOj;Jk; NghJ ePh; kw;Wk; fhw;W Fkpo;fs; tsh;

Jisapd; topahf ntsptUfpwJ.





5) fU tpijAiwahy; #og;gl;Ls;sJ. 6) fUtpy; xU ika mr;R cs;sJ. ,jDld; rijg;gw;Ws;s ,U tpijapiyfs; ,ize;Js;sJ. 7) ika mr;rpd; xU Kidapy; KisNtUk; kW Kidapy; Kisf; FUj;Jk; cs;sJ. 8) KisNthpd; Edp tsh;Jisapd; mUfpYk; Kisf; FUj;J tpijapiyfSf;F ,ilapYk;

cs;sJ. 9) Kisf; FUj;jpy; rpwpa Fl;ilahd ikaj; jz;L> kpfr; rpwpa nkhl;L kw;Wk; Ftpe;j ,uz;L

rpwpa ,iyfSk; cs;sJ.

6. xU tpj;jpiyj; jhtu tpijapd; mikg;ig tpthpf;f.

1. ney;> jhtuj;jpd; tpij vd miof;fg;gl;lhYk; mJ xU fdpNa MFk;. ntbah tpij cila

jdpf;fdp Nfhpahg;rp]; vd;W miof;fg;gLfpwJ. 2. ney; tpijapd; ciw kpf nky;ypaJ fdp ciw nky;ypaJ. tpijAiwAld; ,ize;Js;sJ. 3. fdpahdJ nghJthf kQ;rs; epw g+tbr; nrjpyhYk; g+f;fhk;G nrjpy;fshYk; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

,J ckp vdg;gLk;. 4. fUthdJ ];$l;nly;yk; vdg;gLk; xU tpj;jpiyiaAk; FWfpa mr;irAk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. 5. FWfpa mr;rpd; mb Edpapy; KisNtUk; Edp Kidapy; Kisf; FUj;Jk; cs;sJ. 6. KisNtuhdJ NfhypNahiurh vdg;gLk; KisNth; ciwapdhy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. 7. Kisf;FUj;J Nfhypahg;ily; vdg;gLk; ciwahy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. 8. ney; fdpia kz;zpy; Cd;wpa XhpU ehs;fspy; NfhypNahiurh ciwia fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L

KisNth; ntsptUfpwJ. gpwF KisNthpd; mbg;gFjpapypUe;J Ntw;wplNth;fs; Njhd;wp gpd;dh; mJ ry;ypNth;j;njhFg;ghf khWfpwJ.

9. Kisf;FUj;J mjd; ciwia fpopj;Jf; nfhz;L jiuf;F Nky; tsh;fpwJ.

7. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ij cw;WNehf;Ff. m) glj;ij tiue;J ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;f. M) fUTWjYf;Fg; gpd; E, F jhtuj;jpd; ve;jg;

ghfkhf khWfpd;wd?

m)

M) #w;ig fdpahfTk; #y;fs; tpijfshfTk; khWfpd;wd.

8. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glq;fis cw;WNehf;Ff. gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F tpilaspf;f: m) ,q;F fhz;fpd;w ,dg;ngUf;fKiwiag; ngahpLf. M) ve;j caphpapy; ,e;jtifahd ,dg;ngUf;fKiw

fhzg;gLfpwJ? ,) ,e;j ,dg;ngUf;fKiw caphpfspy; NtWghLfis

cUthf;Ffpd;wjh? m) ,uz;lhf gpsj;jy; my;yJ ,U rkg;gphpT. M) xU nry; caphpfshd mkPgh kw;Wk; ghf;Bhpaq;fspd; ,k;Kiwapy; ,dg;ngUf;fk; eilngWfpwJ. ,) ,e;j ,dg;ngUf;fKiw NtWghLfis cz;lhf;fhJ.





9. fPNonfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s jhtuq;fs; cq;fs; Njhl;lj;jpy; ,Ug;gjhff; fw;gid nra;Jnfhs;f. NjdPf;fs; Njhl;lj;ij ehbtUfpd;wd. Mdhy;> NjdPf;fs; vy;yh kyh;fisAk; ehbr;nry;fpd;wdth? NjdPf;fs; ve;nje;j kyh;fis ehbr; nry;fpd;wd? cq;fs; tpilfSf;Fj; jFe;j fhuzq;fisj; jUf. (ky;ypif> musp> nfhd;iw> Nuh[h> jhkiu> Nrhsk;> fUk;G> %q;fpy;> rhke;jp> Nlypah> Gy;> njd;id> gl;lhzp)

NjdPf;fs; vy;yh kyu;fisAk; ehbr;nry;tjpy;iy NjdPf;fs; ehbr;nry;Yk; kyu;fs;:

ky;ypif> musp> nfhd;iw> Nuh[h> jhkiu> rhke;jp> Nlypah> gl;lhzp

fhuzq;fs;: m) ,it gy tz;z epw my;yp ,jo;fisf; nfhz;lit. M) ,it ey;y kzk; nfhz;Ls;sJ. ,) g+r;rpfs; cz;Ztjw;F Njd; Ruf;fpd;wd. <) nghJthf gytz;z my;yp ,jo;fSk;> ey;y kzKk;> NjDk; nfhz;l kyh;fis NjdPf;fs;

tpUk;gp nry;fpd;wd.

10. xU tptrhap A,B vd;w ,uz;L tay;fs; itj;Js;shh;. me;j ,uz;L tay;fspYk; gl;lhzp (igrk; rl;iltk;) tpijj;Js;shh;. tay; A gwitfSk; g+r;rpfSk; neUq;fhky; ,Uf;f> tiyfshy; %lg;gl;Ls;sJ. tay; B tiyfshy; %lg;glhky; cs;sJ.

m) tay; A kw;Wk; tay; B fspy; ve;j tifahd kfue;jr;Nru;f;if eilngWk;? M) ve;j tay; mjpf kfR+iyj; jUk;? ,) mLj;j Kiw gapu;nra;J tpisr;riy mjpfupf;f>

tptrhap ve;j taypd; tpijfisj; Nju;e;njLg;ghu;? cq;fs; tpilf;Ff; fhuzk; jUf m) tay; Aapy; jd;kfue;jNrh;f;if kl;LNk eilngWk;. tay; Bapy; may; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if eilngw tha;g;Gfs; mjpfk;. M) tay; B mjpf kf#iyj; jUk;. ,) mLj;jKiw gaph; nra;J tpisr;riy cah;j;j B taypd; tpijfisNa tptrhap

Njh;e;njLf;f Ntz;Lk;. fhuzk;:

1. may; kfue;jr; Nru;f;ifapy; mjpf vz;zpf;ifapyhd jukhd tpijfs; fpilf;Fk; 2. may; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;ifapy; cUthFk; tpijfs; Kisj;J jplkhd jhtuq;fshf tsUk;

jd;ikiag;ngw;wpUf;Fk;. 3. xLq;F gz;Gfs; kiwe;J Xq;F gz;Gfs; ntspg;gLk; vd;gjhy; mtw;iw mLj;j Kiw

gaph; nra;Ak; NghJ ey;y kf#iyj; jUk;.

11. kh> njd;id ,uz;LNk cs;xl;Lrijf; fdpfshFk;. khtpy; eLj;Njhy; cz;Zk; gFjpahFk;. Mdhy; njd;dq;fdpapy; eLj;Njhy; cz;Zk; gFjp my;y. mg;gbahdhy;>

m) njd;dq;fdpapy; cz;Zk; gFjp vJ? M) Vd; njd;dq;fdp ehh; Nghd;w eLj;Njhy; ngw;Ws;sJ? ,) ehh; Nghd;w eLj;Njhy; ngw;wpUg;gjhy; NtW vd;d ed;;;;ik vd cq;fshy; $w KbAkh?

m) njd;dq;fdpapy; fUT+z; (vz;Nlh];ngu;k;) cz;Zk; gFjpahFk;. M) njd;dq;fdp ePhpy; guTtjw;Nfw;w jftikg;ig ngw;w xU fdpahFk;. ehh; Nghd;w

eLj;Njhiy ngw;wpUg;gjhy; Mw;W ePhpy; tpOe;J ntFJuk; nrd;W gut fhuzkhfpwJ. ,) tpijf;F ghJfhg;G fpilf;fpwJ. tpyq;Ffs; cz;z KbahJ. tpijKisf;Fk;NghJ

tpijf;F fhw;Nwhl;lKk; Cl;lKk; mspf;fpwJ.

12. fPOs;stw;iwg; gpd;tUk; jiyg;Gfspy; tifg;gLj;Jf. m) fdp M) tpij ,) fdpAkpy;iy tpijAkpy;iy. (jf;fhsp> nts;shp> Kisj;jg;gapW> chpj;j gl;lhzp> jpuhl;;ir> rpyhp (rptfPiu)> cUisf;fpoq;F>

fUk;G> Mg;gps;> nfhbmtiu)

fdp: jf;fhsp> nts;shp> Mg;gps;> nfhbmtiu> jpuhl;ir tpij: Kisj;j gaW> chpj;j gl;lhzp. fdpAkpy;iy> tpijAkpy;iy: rpyhp (rptfPiu) cUisf;fpoq;F> fUk;G.

13. uhKTk; NrhKTk; fhw;wpy; kpje;Jnry;Yk; vUf;F tpijfis cw;WNehf;f Neh;e;jJ. mit jiuia milAk; tiu> mth;fs; rpy tpijfisg; gpd;njhluj; jPh;khdpj;jdh;. mth;fs; jq;fs; cw;WNehf;fiy gpd;tUk; ml;ltizapy; gjpTnra;jdh;.





tpijfs; gazpj;j Juk; (kPl;lh;) vLj;Jf;nfhz;l fhyk; (epkplk;)

25 6

50 15

37 10

87 17

17 2

m) njhiytpid X–mr;rpYk; fhyj;ij Y-mr;rpYk; vLj;Jf; nfhz;L xU tiuglk; tiuf. M) tpijfs; gazpj;j njhiytpw;Fk;> guTk; jpwDf;Fk; VNjDk; njhlh;G cz;lh? ,) ePtph; tiue;j tiuglj;jpypUe;J Kbtpidf; $Wf.

m)

M) njhlu;G cz;L. mjpf fhyj;jpy; mjpf njhiyT nry;tjhy; guTk;jpwd; mjpfupf;fpwJ. ,) vUf;F tpijapd; gazk; xOq;fw;w gazk;. tpij fhw;wpy; nrd;W guTtjw;F Vw;whw;Nghy;

fhyj;ij vLj;Jf;nfhs;fpwJ. fhw;wbf;Fk; jpirnay;yhk; gwe;J nry;fpwJ. vy;yh tpijfSk; xNu ,lj;jpy; tpOtjpy;iy. xt;nthd;Wk; xt;nthU ,lj;jpy; tpOtjhy; tpij guTjy; rpwg;ghf ele;NjWfpwJ.

14. cyh;fdpfspd; ngah; gl;bay; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sJ. mf;fdpfis> cyh;fdpapd; tiffSf;Nfw;g tifg;gLj;Jf. (gUj;jp> biulhf;];> ney;> Mkzf;F> nfhj;Jky;yp> mtiu> gl;lhzp> vUf;F>me;jpke;jhiu> Ke;jphp> fUNtyk;> ntz;il)

m) mf;fPd; M) Nfhpahg;rp]; ,) rpg;nryh <) nfhl;il c) f;hpNkhfhh;g; C) nyhnkz;lk; v) nuf;kh V) fhg;#y; miwntbfdp I) fhg;#y; jLg;Gr;Rth; ntbfdp x) xUGwntbfdp X) ,UGwntbfdp

m) mf;fPd; - me;jpke;jhiu M) Nfhpahg;rp]; - ney; ,) rpg;nryh - biulhf;]; <) nfhl;il - Ke;jphp c) f;hpNkhfhh;g; - nfhj;Jky;yp C) nyhnkz;lk; - fUNtyk; v) nuf;kh - Mkzf;F V) fhg;#y; miwntbfdp - gUj;jp I) fhg;#y; jLg;G Rth; ntbfdp - ntz;il x) xUGwntbfdp - vUf;F X) ,UGwntbfdp - gl;lhzp> mtiu

15. Nkhdp\; rikayiwf;Fs; Eioa Neh;e;j nghOJ mtdpd; jha;> fjk;grhk;ghh; jahh; nra;tjw;Fj; Njitahd nghUs;fs; itj;jpUe;jhh;. Nkhdp\; mg;nghUs;fisg; ghh;f;fpd;whd;. fdpfspd; tiffSf;Nfw;g> rhk;ghUf;Fj; Njitahd nghUs;fisg; gphpj;Jitf;f Nkhdp\;f;F cjTq;fs;.

(gUg;G> Gsp> fj;jhpf;fha;> jf;fhsp> KUq;iff;fha;> nfhj;Jky;yp> fLF> ntz;ilf;fha;> kh) 1. gUg;G - ,UGwntbfdp – ny$k;





2. Gsp - gpsTf;fdp – nyhnkz;lk; 3. fj;jhpf;fha; - KO rijf; fdp – ngu;up 4. jf;fhsp - KO rijf;fdp – ngu;up 5. KUq;if - miw jLg;G Rth; ntbfdp – fhg;R+y; 6. nfhj;jky;yp - gpsTf;fdp - f;hPNkhfhh;g; 7. fLF - cyu; ntbfdp 8. ntz;ilf;fha; - miwjLg;G Rth; ntbfdp – fhg;R+y; 9. kh - cs; xl;L rijf;fdp – l;&g;

16. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Fwpg;Gfspd;gb ,Utpj;jpiy tpijapd; ghfq;fisg; ngahpLf. m) Muk;gepiyNth; ………. M) Muk;gepiyjz;L ………… ,) fUtpw;Fj; Njitahd czT

mlq;fpa rijg;gw;Ws;s gFjp ……….. <) tpijiar; Rw;wpAs;s ntspghJfhg;G ciw ………… c) tpijAiwapy; fhzg;gLk; rpwpa Jisapd; ngah; ……………..

m) Kis Nth; M) Kisf;FUj;J ,) fUt+z; (vz;Nlh];ngu;k;) <) tpijAiw c) tsh;Jis (m) ikf;Nuhigy;

17. kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; tiffs; ahit? vt;tif kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if ed;ik juf;$baJ? Vd;? ([d; 2016)

kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; tiffs;: 1. jd; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if 2. may; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if

,tw;wpy; may;kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifNa ey;yJ. fhuzk;: 1. may; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; tpisthf cUthFk; tpijfs; Kisj;J jplkhd jhtuq;fshf

khWk;. GJ ufq;fs; cUthFk;. 2. ed;F Kisf;Fk; jpwDila tpijfs; cUthFk;.

18. jd;kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if (Ml;NlhNfkp) vd;why; vd;d? mjd; ed;ikfisAk;> jPikfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

jd;kfue;;;;jr;Nrh;f;if: ,J Ml;NlhNfkp vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. xU kyhpd; kfue;jj;Js; mNj kyhpy; cs;s #yf Kbiar; nrd;wile;jhy; (m) mNj jhtuj;jpd; kw;nwhU kyhpd; #yf Kbia nrd;wile;jhy; jd; kfue;jr; Nrh;f;if vdg;gLfpwJ.

jd;kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; ed;ikfs;: 1. ,U ghy; kyh;fspy; kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if fl;lhak; eilngWk;. 2. Gwf;fhuzpfis rhh;e;jpUf;Fk; mtrpak; ,y;iy. 3. kfue;jj; Js;fs; tPzhtjpy;iy.

jd;kfue;jr;Nrh;f;ifapd; jPikfs;: 1. Fiwe;j vz;zpf;ifapy; tpijfs; cUthFk;. 2. fUt+z; Fiwthf ,Ug;gjhy; kpf eyptile;j jhtuq;fisNa jUk;. 3. GJtif jhtuq;fs; cUthfhJ> me;j rpw;wpdk; gbg;gbahf mopAk;.

19. kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if vd;why; vd;d? kfue;jr;Nrh;f;iff;fhd gy;NtW capUs;s> capuw;w fhuzpfis tpsf;Ff.

kfue;jr;Nru;f;if: kfue;jg;igapypUe;J kfue;jj;Js;fs;; #yf Kbia nrd;wilAk; nraYf;F kfue;jr;Nrh;f;if vd;W ngau;.

kfue;jr; Nrh;f;iff;fhd fhuzpfs;: kfue;jJs;fis #yf Kbf;F vLj;Jr; nry;git kfue;jr; Nrh;f;iff;fhd fhuzpfs; MFk;.

capUs;s fhuzpfs;: 1) G+r;rpfs; 2) rpW gwitfs; 3) tpyq;Ffs;.

1. kyu;fspd; mofpa tz;zk;> ey;y kzk;> Njd;Rug;G Nghd;wtw;why; G+r;rpfs; <u;f;fg;gl;L may; kfue;jr;Nru;f;if Vw;gl toptFf;fpd;wd. G+r;rpfs; %yk; kfue;jr;Nru;f;if Vw;gLtjw;F vz;lNkh/gpyp vd;W ngau;.





2. rpWgwitfSk; ,JNghyNt may; kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F cjTfpd;wd. gwitfs;top kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F Mu;dpj;Njh/gpyp vd;W ngau;.

3. tpyq;Ffs; ele;J nry;Yk;NghJ kfue;j Jfs;fs; mtw;wpd; clypd; Nkw;gug;gpy; xl;br;nrd;W NtW kyu;fspd; kPJ tpOtjhy; may; kfue;jr;Nru;f;if Vw;gLfpwJ. tpyq;Ffs; top kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F R+/gpyp vd;W ngau;;.

capuw;w fhuzpfs;: 1) fhw;W 2) ePh;.

1. rpwpa kw;Wk; kzkw;w Njd;Rug;gw;w kyu;fspy; fhw;wpd; %yk; my;yJ ePupd; %yk; may; kfue;jr;Nru;f;if eilngWfpwJ.

2. fhw;Wtop kfue;j Nru;f;if Vw;gLk; jhtuq;fspy; kfue;jj; Jfs;fs; fhw;wpy; vLj;Jr;nry;yg;gLtjw;Nfw;g cyu;e;j> Nyrhd> xl;Lk; jd;ikaw;w Jfs;fshf cs;sd. rpy kfue;jq;fspy; Gwtsupfs; my;yJ rpwFfs; fhzg;gLfpd;wd. ,t;tif kyu;fs; mjpf mstpy; kfue;jq;fis cUthf;Ffpd;wd. fhw;Wtop kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F mdpNkh/gpyp vd;W ngau;. v.fh Gw;fs;> kf;fhr;Nrhsk;.

3. ePu;%yk; kfue;jr;Nru;f;if eilngWk; jhtuq;fspy; kfue;jj;Js;fs; <uj;jpypUe;J ghJfhf;fg;gLk; tifapy; tOtOg;Gj;jd;ik nfhz;litahf cs;sd. ePu;top kfue;jr;Nru;f;iff;F i`bNuh/gpyp vd;W ngau;. v.fh i`l;upy;yh> thyp];Neupah

tpdh vz;: 49f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (Rw;Wr; #oy; ghJfhg;G)

1. m) fPOs;s nghUs;fis tifg;gLj;Jf: fl;il, fhfpjk;, gpsh];bf;, Gw;fs; M) cq;fSila tifg;ghl;bw;fhd tpsf;fj;ijj; jUf. (nrg;-2013>15)

m. tifg;ghL 1. fl;il> fhfpjk;> Gw;fs;- caph; rpijtilAk; fopTfs; (kl;Fk; fopTfs;) 2. gpsh];bf; - caph;-rpijtilah fopTfs; (kl;fhj fopTfs;)

M. tpsf;fk;:- 1. caph; rpijtilAk; fopTg; nghUs;: fl;il> fhfpjk; kw;Wk; Gw;fs; Mfpait

Ez;Zaphpfspd; nray; ghLfshy; rpijtile;JtpLk;. vdNt ,jw;F caph; rpijtilAk; fopTg; nghUs; vd;W ngah;. v.fh. fl;il> fhfpjk;> Gw;fs;

2. caph;rpijtilahf; fopTg; nghUs;: gpsh];bf; Ez;Zaphpfspd; nray;ghLfshy; rpijtilahJ vdNt ,f;fopTf;F caph;rpijtilahf; fopTg; nghUs; vd;W ngah;. v.fh. gpsh];bf;> fz;zhb

2. cq;fSila gFjpapy; ePh; jl;Lg;ghl;bdhy; kf;fs; my;yy;gLfpwhHfs;. vdNt, ePh;j;jl;Lg;ghl;bidj; jtph;f;f vd;ndd;d topKiwfisf; ifahStPh;fs;? (khu;r;-2013>15 [_d;-2014)

ePh; jl;Lg;ghl;bid jtph;f;f Nkw;nfhs;sg;gLk; eltbf;iffs;:-

1. Nkfj;jpy; (Ntjpg; nghUs;fs;) JTjy;:- ePh; Nfhh;j;j Nkfq;fspy; cyu; gdp my;yJ nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL Jfs;fis Jtpdhy;

rpy rkak; kiog; nghopT Vw;gLk;.

2. cg;G ePiuf; Fb ePuhf khw;Wjy;:- fly; ePupy; cg;Gj; jd;ikia ePf;FtJ ,k;Kiwapy; Kf;fpakhd fl;lkhFk;. fly; ePiu

FbePuhf khw;w jiyfPo; rt;T+L guty; KiwNa nghJthf gpd;gw;wg;gLfpwJ. Mtpahf;fy; kw;Wk; kPz;Lk; Fspu;tpj;jy; KiwapYk; ,jidr; nra;ayhk;. ,J kpFe;j nryT gpbf;Fk; jpl;lkhFk;.

3. mizfs;> ePh; Njf;fq;fs;:- mizfs; kw;Wk; ePh;j;Njf;fq;fspy; mjpfkhf ePiu Nrkpj;J> Foha;fs; kw;Wk; fhy;tha;fs;

%yk; Njitg;gLk; ,lq;fSf;F ePiu mspf;fyhk;.

4. ePh; gphpKfL:- tupirahf mike;Js;s rpWrpW mizfs; my;yJ ejpePu; fpisfs; Mfpait %yk;

jz;zPu; nts;skhfg; ngUfp tPzhfhky; Njf;fp itf;fg;gLfpwJ. ,J ePh; gphpKfL vdg;gLk;. ,e;j ePh; td caph;fSf;F Gfyplkhf cs;sJ.

5. kio ePh; Nrfhpg;G:- kio ePh; Nrfhpg;G vd;gJ tPLfspd; Nkw;$iu kw;Wk; ikjhdq;fspy; tpOk; kio ePiu

epyj;jbapy; cs;s kioePu; Nrfupg;Gj; njhl;bfs; my;yJ fpzWfspy; Nrkpg;gjhFk;. ,t;thW Nrfupg;gjhy; epyj;jb ePu; kl;lk; caUk;. cgupePu; nts;s ePuhfp tPzhf flypy; fyg;gJ jtpu;f;fg;gLfpwJ. ekf;F Njitg;gLk; NghJ mjid gad;gLj;jpf; nfhs;syhk;.





6. <u epyq;fspy; Nrkpj;Jitj;jy;:- ,k;Kiwapy; epyj;jpy; Nrkpj;J itf;Fk; ePuhdJ Njitahd Neuj;jpy; kw;w ,lq;fSf;F

vLj;Jr;nry;y gad;gLfpwJ.

7. tPLfspy; Nrkpj;jy;:- tPLfspy; ek; tho;f;if Kiwfspy; rpwpa khWjy;fisf; nfhz;L ePiur; Nrkpf;fyhk;.

1. Fspf;f Fiwe;j msT ePiug; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 2. gad;gLj;jpa ePiu Gy;ntspfSf;F gha;r;Rjy;. 3. tPl;L Njhl;lk; kw;Wk; Nkhl;lhh; thfdk; fOt Fiwe;j msT ePiug; gad;gLj;Jjy;. 4. Fiwe;j msT ePh; gad;gLj;Jk; tPl;L cgNahfg; nghUs;fis gad;gLj;Jjy;.

8. njhopw; rhiyfspy; Nrkpj;jy;:- ,ae;jpuq;fis Fsph;tpf;f gad;gLj;Jk; ePiu kW Row;rp %yk; kPz;Lk; gad;gLj;Jjy;.

3. Gif, Gif vq;F Nehf;fpDk; Gif kz;lyk;. ,r;R+oy; cly; eyj;jpw;F Vw;wjh vd;gij Vw;Wf; nfhs;fpwPu;fsh? (khu;r;-2012>14> [d;2013)

Vw;Wf;nfhs;stpy;iy. Vnddpy; ,r;R+oy; cly; eyj;jpw;F Vw;wjy;y. Gifr; R+oyhy; Vw;gLk; ghjpg;Gfs;: 1) Gif ekJ fz;fspYk; Rthr kz;lyj;jpYk; Eioe;J fz;nzupr;ry;> %r;Rj; jpzwy; kw;Wk;

gy;NtW Rthrf; NfhshWfis Vw;gLj;JfpwJ. 2) Gifapy; cs;s Jrpfs; ,jaj;ijAk; EiuaPuiyAk; ghjpj;J gy;NtW jPtpu Neha;fSf;Ff;

fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. 3) thfdq;fspypUe;J tUk; Gifapy; cs;s SO2 kw;Wk; NO2 Nghd;w thAf;fshy; mkpy kio

Vw;gl;L gapu;fis mopf;fpd;wd. 4) njhopw;rhiyfspypUe;J ntsptUk; Gif kw;Wk; SO2 Nghd;w gRq;Fby; thAf;fs; cyfk;

ntg;gkakhjYf;F fhuzkhfpwJ. 5) thfd vupnghUl;fs; KOikahf vupf;fg;glhjjhy; ntspaplg;gLk; i`l;Nuhf; fhu;gd;fs;

Gw;WNehia Vw;gLj;jyhk;.

4. fhpia vhpg;gjdhy; Vw;gLk; jPikfis gl;baypLf (khh;r;-2012>14>16> [d; 2013>16> nrg;-14>16) fhp vhpg;gjhy; Vw;gLk; jPa tpisTfs;: 1. ghjurk;> ANudpak;> Njhupak;> Mh;rdpf; kw;Wk; fdcNyhfq;fs; fye;j fyitapypUe;J

ntspNaw;wg;gLk; nghUl;fs; kdpjDf;F jPq;F tpistpg;gNjhL> #o;epiy kz;lyj;ijAk; ghjpf;fpwJ.

2. epyf;fhpapy; cs;s fe;jf Jfs;fs; mkpy kioia cUthf;Fk;. 3. epyj;jb ePh; kw;Wk; ePh;ts Mjhuq;fs; ghjpf;fg;gLfpwJ. 4. ePh; kw;Wk; epyk; khRghL mila fhuzkhfpwJ. 5. fhp khR Jfs;fs; cUthfpwJ. 6. fhh;gd; il Mf;i]L Nghd;w gRikaf thAf;fs; mjpfkhf ntspNaw;wg;gl;L Gtp

ntg;gkhjYf;F fhuzkhf mikfpwJ. 7. epyf;fhpapypUe;J mjpfkhf CO2 ntspNawp thA kz;lyj;ij milfpwJ.





Ntjpapay;

muRj;Nju;tpy; vOj Ntz;baJ: tpdh vz;: 50 (mZf;fSk; %yf;$WfSk;;) my;yJ tpdh vz;: 51 (fhu;gDk; mjd; Nru;kq;fSk;)

tpdh vz;: 50f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (mZf;fSk; %yf;$WfSk;;)

1. XH mZitg; gw;wpa njspthd tpsf;fj;ij mspf;ff;$ba etPd mZf; nfhs;ifahdJ miyf;nfhs;if, epiyapy;yhf; Nfhl;ghL> jw;Nghija fz;Lgpbg;Gfs; Mfpatw;iwf; nfhz;L cUthdjhFk;. ,tw;wpd; %yk; etPd mZf; nfhs;ifapd; Nfhl;ghLfis tpthpf;f. (khu;r;2012>17 [d;2013>14) 1. mZ vd;gJ Ntjptpidapy; <LgLk; kpfr;rpwpa Jfs; MFk;. 2. mZf;fs; gpsf;fg;glf;$bait. 3. xU jdpkj;jpd; midj;J mZf;fSk; vy;yh gz;GfspYk; xj;jpUf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak;

,y;iy. v.fh. INrhNlhg;Gfs; = (17C135, 17C137). 4. ntt;NtW jdpkq;fisr; Nru;e;j mZf;fs; rpy gz;Gfspy; xj;jpUf;fpd;wd.

v.fh. INrhghh;fs; = (18Ar40, 20Ca40). 5. xU %yf;$wpy; cs;s mZf;fspd; tpfpjk; KOikahdJk; epu;zapf;fg;gl;lJk; MFk;. Mdhy;

mJ vspa tpfpjkhf ,Uf;f Ntz;ba mtrpak; ,y;iy. v.fh C12 H22 O11 – Rf;Nuh]; 6. khw;Wj; jdpkkhf;fy; Kiwapy; xU jdpkj;jpd; mZf;fis kw;nwhU jdpkj;jpd; mZf;fshf

khw;w KbAk;. 7. xU jdpkj;jpd; epiwia Mw;wyhf khw;w KbAk;.

,J Id;];Bd; rkd;ghL E = mc2 d; gb mikAk;.

2. mtfhl;Nuh tpjpg;gb %yf;$W epiwf;Fk; Mtp mlh;j;jpf;Fk; cs;s njhlh;ig tUtpf;f. (nrg;-13> 14)

xg;G %yf;$W epiw: xg;G %yf;$W epiw vd;gJ thA my;yJ Mtpapy; cs;s xU %yf;$wpd; epiwf;Fk; xU

i`l;u[d; mZtpd; epiwf;Fk; cs;s tpfpjk; MFk;.

thAtpd; xg;G %yf;$W epiw = thA my;yJ Mtpapd; xU %yf;$W epiw

xU i`l;u[d; mZtpd; epiw

Mtp mlh;j;jp: Mtp mlh;j;jp vd;gJ khwh ntg;gepiyapy; kw;Wk; khwh mOj;jj;jpy;> Fwpg;gpl;l gUkDs;s

Xu; Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; epiwf;Fk; mjw;Fr; rkgUkDs;s i`l;u[dpd; epiwf;Fk; cs;s tpfpjkhFk;.

Mtp mlu;j;jp = xU fdgUkDs;s Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; epiw

xU fdgUkDs;s i`l;u[dpd; epiw

mtfhl;Nuh tpjpf;F cl;gLj;Jk;NghJ…

Mtp mlu;j;jp = xU %yf;$W Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; epiw

xU %yf;$W i`l;u[d; %yf;$wpd; epiw

i`l;u[d; <uZ %yf;$W Mjyhy;>

Mtp mlu;j;jp = xU %yf;$W Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; epiw

2 x xU i`l;u[d; mZtpd; epiw

2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp = xU %yf;$W Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; epiw

xU i`l;u[d; mZtpd; epiw

2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp = Mtp my;yJ thAtpd; xg;G %yf;$W epiw

2 x Mtp mlh;j;jp = xg;G %yf;$W epiw





3. gpd;tUtdtw;wpw;F Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fplTk;. m) 12.046 x 1023 mZf;fisf; nfhz;l jhkpuk;. M) 27.95 fp ,Uk;G. ,) 1.51 x 1023 %yf;$Wfisf; nfhz;l CO2

m) 12.046x1023 mZf;fisf; nfhz;l jhkpuk;

Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = mZf;fspd; vz;zpf;if

mtfhl;Nuh vz; =

12.046 x 1023

6.023 x 1023 =

2

1 = 2 Nkhy;fs;

M) 27.95 fp ,Uk;G

Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = epiw

mZepiw =

27.95

55.85 =

1

2 = 0.5 Nkhy;fs;

,) 1.51x1023 %yf;$Wfisf; nfhz;l CO2

Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = %yf;$W vz;zpf;if

mtfhl;Nuh vz; =

1.51 x 1023

6.023 x 1023 =

1

4 = 0.25 Nkhy;fs;

4. nfhLf;fg;gl;l juTfspypUe;J gpd;tUtdtw;wpy; fpuhk; %yf;$W epiwiaf; fzf;fpLf. m) H2O M) CO2 ,) NaOH <) NO2 c) H2SO4

jdpkk; FwpaPL mZ vz; mZ epiw i`l;u[d; H 1 1

fhh;gd; C 6 12

Mf;]p[d; O 8 16

iel;u[d; N 7 14

Nrhbak; Na 11 23

fe;jfk; S 16 32

tpilfs;: m) H2O =>

= 2(H) + 1(O)

= 2 (1) + 1 (16)

= 2+16

= 18 fpuhk;

M) CO2 =>

= 1(C) + 2 (O)

= 1(12) + 2 (16)

= 12 + 32

= 44 fpuhk;

,) NaOH =>

= 1(Na) + 1(O) + 1(H)

= 1(23) + 1(16) + 1(1)

= 23 + 16 + 1

= 40 fpuhk;

<) NO2 =>

= 1(N) + 2 (O)

= 1(14) + 2(16)

= 14 + 32

= 46 fpuhk;

c) H2SO4 =>

= 2(H) + 1(S) + 4(O)

= 2(1) + 1(32)+ 4 (16)

= 2+ 32+ 64

= 98 fpuhk;

5. gpd;tUk; ml;ltizia epug;Gf. ([d;-16) jdpkk; mZepiw %yf;$W epiw mZf;fl;L vz;

FNshhpd; 35.5 71

XNrhd; 48 3

ry;gh; 32 8

jdpkk; mZepiw %yf;$W epiw mZf;fl;L vz;

FNshhpd; 35.5 71 2

XNrhd; 16 48 3

ry;gh; 32 256 8

FNshupd; mZf;fl;L vz; = %yf;$W epiw / mZ epiw = 71 / 35.5 = 2 XNrhd; mZ epiw = %yf;$W epiw / mZf;fl;L vz; = 48 / 3 = 16 ry;gu; %yf;$W epiw = mZepiw x mZf;fl;L vz; = 32 x 8 = 256

6. 0.18 fpuhk; epiwAs;s xU Jsp ePhpy; cs;s ePh; %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf.

ePupd; fpuhk; %yf;$wpd; epiw = 18 fpuhk; 18 fpuhk; ePupy; cs;s %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if = 6.023 x 10

23 0.18 fpuhk; ePupy; cs;s %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if





%yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if = mtfhl;Nuh vz; x nghUspd; epiw

fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw

= 6.023 x 1023 x 0.18

18

= 6.023 x 1023 x 18 𝑥 10−2

18

= 6.023 x 1023 x 10-2

= 6.023 x 1021

0.18 fpuhk; epiwAs;s xU Jsp ePhpy; cs;s ePh; %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if = 6.023 x 1021

7. nfhLf;fg;gl;l tptuq;fspypUe;J Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bd; tha;g;ghL CaO> fhy;rpaj;jpd; mZepiw 40> Mf;]p[dpd; mZepiw 16

kw;Wk; fhh;gdpd; mZepiw 12. m) xU Nkhy; Ca (……fp) kw;Wk; xU Nkhy; Mf;]p[d; mZ (……fp) ,ize;J ……

Nkhy; CaO (……fp) jUfpwJ. M) xU Nkhy; Ca (……fp) xU Nkhy; C (……fp) kw;Wk; 3 Nkhy;fs; Mf;]p[d; mZ (……fp)

,ize;J xU Nkhy; CaCO3 (……fp) cUthfpwJ.

m) xU Nkhy; Ca (40 fp) kw;Wk; xU Nkhy; Mf;]p[d; mZ (16 fp) ,ize;J xU Nkhy; CaO (56 fp) jUfpwJ.

M) xU Nkhy; Ca (40 fp) xU Nkhy; C (12 fp) kw;Wk; 3 Nkhy;fs; Mf;]p[d; mZ (48 fp) ,ize;J xU Nkhy; CaCO3 (100 fp) cUthfpwJ.

8. gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fpuhkpy; $Wf. (nrg;-2016) m) 5 Nkhy;fs; ePh; M) 2 Nkhy;fs; mk;Nkhdpah ,) 2 Nkhy;fs; FSf;Nfh];.

m) 5 Nkhy;fs; ePh; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw = 5 x 18 = 90 fp (∵ ePupd; %yf;$W epiw H2O 2+16=18 fp) M) 2 Nkhy;fs; mk;Nkhdpah - epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw = 2 x 17 = 34 fp (∵ mk;Nkhdpah NH3 = 14 + 3 = 17) ,) 2 Nkhy;fs; FSf;Nfh];:

1 Nkhy; FSf;Nfh]; C6H12O6 => (6 x12) + (12x1) + (6x16)

= 72 + 12 + 96 = 180 fp 2 Nkhy;fs; FSf;Nfh]; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x fpuhk; %yf;$W epiw

= 2 x 180 = 360 fp

Ie;J kjpg;ngz; Gj;jf tpdhf;fs;: (gFjp – ,)

1. mk;Nkhdpah> i`l;u[d; FNshiuL thATld; tpidGhpe;J ntz;zpw thAthd mk;Nkhdpak; FNshiuilj; jUfpwJ. fz;zhbf; Fkpo; A-y; cs;s NH3 d; gUkd; fz;zhbf; Fkpo; B-y; cs;s HCI-d; gUkidg; Nghy; %d;W klq;F cs;sJ. nfhs;ssT = 67.2 ypl;lh ;

m) fz;zhbf; Fkpo; A-y; cs;s mk;Nkhdpahtpd;

Nkhy; vz;zpf;if ahJ? M) milg;ghidj; jpwe;jTld; cUthFk; NH4Cl –d;

epiwiaf; fpuhkpy; fzf;fpLf. (mZ epiw N= 14, H=1, Cl =35.5) ,) tpid epiwTw;w gpd; vQ;rpapUf;Fk; thA vJ? <) ,t;tpidf;fhd Ntjpr;rkd;ghl;il vOJf.

m) A-y; cs;s mk;Nkhdpah Nkhy; vz;zpf;if = 67.2 / 22.4 = 3 (fhuzk;: 22.4yp gUkdpy; thA 1 Nkhy;. 3 klq;F gUkdpy; cs;s thA 3 Nkhy;) M) NH4 Cl d; epiw fpuhkpy;





NH4 Cl => 14 + 4 (1) + 35.5 => 53.5 fpuhk;. 3NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl + 2 NH3

rkd;ghl;bd;gb 1 Nkhy; NH4 Cl cUthfpwJ. vdNt cUthFk; NH4 Cl epiw = %yf;$W epiw x Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if = 53.5 fpuhk; x 1 = 53.5 fpuhk;. ,) ,U Nkhy; mk;Nkhdpah (NH3) (fhuzk;: xU gq;F thA tpidGupe;jgpd; 2 gq;F vQ;rpapUf;Fk;) <) Ntjpr;rkd;ghL 3NH3 + HCl NH4 Cl + 2 NH3

2. iel;Nuh fpsprhpd; ntbkUe;jhfg; gad;gLfpwJ. ntbj;jy; tpidf;fhd rkd;ghL 4C3H5(NO3)3 (l) 12CO2(g) + 10 H2O(l) + 6 N2(g) + O2(g) (mZepiw C= 12, H=1, N=14, O=16)

m) ,r;rkd;ghl;by; gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ? 1) iel;Nuh fpsprhpd; 2) cUthd thA %yf;$Wfs; M) xU Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprhpdpy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; thA Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if ahJ? ,) xU Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprhpdpd; epiw ahJ?

4C3H5(NO3)3 (l) 12CO2 (g) + 10 H2O (l) + 6 N2 (g) + O2 (g)

m) 1. iel;Nuh fpsprupd; = 4 Nkhy;fs; 2. cUthd thA %yf;$Wfs; CO2 (12) + N2(6) + O2(1) = 19 Nkhy;fs; M) xU Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprupdpy; ,Ue;J fpilf;Fk; thA %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;if 4 Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprupd; 19 Nkhy; thA %yf;$Wfisj; jUfpd;wd.

vdNt 1 Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprupd; jUtJ 19

4 x 1 = 4.75 Nkhy;fs;

,) xU Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprupdpd; epiw C3H5(NO3)3 => C3H5N3O9

= (12x3) + (1x5) + (14x3) + (16x9)

= 36 + 5 + 42 + 144 = 227 fp xU Nkhy; iel;Nuh fpsprupdpd; epiw 227 fp

3. Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl;il ntg;gg;gLj;Jk;NghJ gpd;tUkhW rpijtilfpwJ. 2 NaHCO3 Na2CO3 + H2O + CO2 m) ,r;rkd;ghl;by; vj;jid Nkhy;fs; Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl; cs;sJ? M) ,r;rkd;ghl;by; gad;gLj;jg;gLk; Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl;bd; epiw ahJ? ,) ,r;rkd;ghl;by; vj;jid Nkhy;fs; fhh;gd; il Mf;i]L cs;sJ?

m) 2 Nkhy;fs; Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl; (NaHCO3) M) Nrhbak; igfhh;gNdl;bd; epiw: Na (23) + H (1) + C(12) + O3 (3x16)

= 23 + 1 + 12 + 48 = 84 fp vdNt %yf;$W epiw 84 fp Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl;bd; epiw = Nkhy; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw = 2 x 84 = 168 fp. ,) 1 Nkhy; fhh;gd; il Mf;i]L (CO2)

4. 40 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bypUe;J gphpj;njLf;fg;gLfpwJ. (mZepiw Ca= 40, O=16) m) 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]by; cs;s Mf;]p[dpd; epiw ahJ? M) ,jpYs;s Mf;]p[dpd; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf. ,) 40fpuhk; fhy;rpaj;jpYs;s fhy;rpak; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;if ahJ? <) 1000fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiwiaf; fzf;fpLf.

m) 56 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]by; cs;s Mf;]p[dpd; epiw fzf;fPL fhy;rpak; Mf;i]L epiw = 56 fp fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw = 40 fp vdNt Mf;]p[dpd; epiw = 56-40 = 16 fp M) Mf;]p[dpd; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;if fzf;fPL:





Nkhy; vz;zpf;if = epiw / mZepiw = 16 /16 = 1 Nkhy; ,) 40 fpuhk; fhy;rpaj;jpYs;s fhy;rpak; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;if Nkhy; vz;zpf;if = epiw / mZepiw = 40 /40 = 1 Nkhy; <) 1000 fpuhk; fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpaj;jpd; epiw: 56 fp fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpak; 40 fp 1000 fp fhy;rpak; Mf;i]bypUe;J fpilf;Fk; fhy;rpak;

5. gpd;tUtdtw;iwf; fpuhk; myfpy; $Wf. m) 1 Nkhy; FNshhpd; %yf;$W> Cl2 M) 4 Nkhy;fs; XNrhd; %yf;$Wfs;> O3

,) 2 Nkhy;fs; ry;gh; %yf;$Wfs;> S8 <) 2 Nkhy;fs; iel;u[d; %yf;$Wfs;> N2

m) epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw 1 Nkhy; FNshhpd; (Cl2) %yf;$wpd; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw = 1 x (35.5 x 2)

= 1 x 71 = 71 fpuhk; M) 4 Nkhy;fs; XNrhd; (O3) %yf;$wpd; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw

= 4 x (3 x16)

= 4 x 48 = 192 fpuhk; ,) 2 Nkhy;fs; ry;gh; (S8) %yf;$wpd; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw

= 2 x (8 x 32)

= 2 x 256

= 512 fpuhk; <) 2 Nkhy;fs; iel;u[d; (N2) %yf;$wpd; epiw = Nkhy;fspd; vz;zpf;if x %yf;$W epiw = 2 x (2 x14) = 2 x 28 = 56 fpuhk;

6. gpd;tUk; mZf;fspd; Nkhy; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf. ([d;-16> nrg;-16) m) 2 fp iel;u[d; M) 23 fp Nrhbak; ,) 40 fp fhy;rpak; <) 1.4 fp ypj;jpak; c) 32 fp ry;gh;

m) 2 fp iel;u[d;

Nkhy; vz;zpf;if = epiw

mZepiw =

2

14 = 0.142 Nkhy;

M) 23 fp Nrhbak;


mZepiw =

23

23 = 1 Nkhy;

,) 40 fp fhy;rpak;


mZepiw =

40

40 = 1 Nkhy;

<) 1.4 fp ypj;jpak;


mZepiw =

1.4

7 = 0. 2 Nkhy;

c) 32 fp ry;gh;


mZepiw =

32

32 = 1 Nkhy;





tpdh vz;: 51f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (13. fhHgDk; mjd; NrHkq;fSk;;;)

1. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ml;ltizapy; Nfhbl;l ,lq;fisj; jFe;j %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;lhy; epug;gTk;. ([_d;14>16) vz; my;Nfd; my;fPd; my;ifd; 1. C2H6

<j;Njd; ______ <j;jPd;

C2H2 <j;ijd;

2. ___________ GNuhg;Ngd;

C3H6 GNuhg;gPd;

___________ GNuhg;igd;

3. C4H10 gpA+l;Nld;

______ gpA+l;Bd;

___________ gpA+l;ild;

vz; my;Nfd; my;fPd; my;ifd; 1. C2H6

<j;Njd; C2H4

<j;jPd; C2H2

<j;ijd; 2. C3H8

GNuhg;Ngd; C3H6

GNuhg;gPd; C3H4

GNuhg;igd; 3. C4H10

gpA+l;Nld; C4 H8

gpA+l;Bd; C4H6

gpA+l;ild;

2. gbthpirahdJ xNu thpirr; Nrh;kq;fspd; gz;Gfis tpsf;Fk; jd;ikAilaJ. ,f;$w;iwg; gbthpirapd; rpwg;gpay;Gfs; %yk; tpsf;Ff. 1. gbthpirapYs;s mLj;jLj;j cWg;Gfspd; nghJ tpj;jpahrk; CH2. 2. mLj;jLj;j cWg;Gfspd; %yf;$W epiw tpj;jpahrk; 14 amu. 3. xU gbtupirapy; cs;s midj;Jr; Nru;kq;fSk; xNutifj; jdpkq;fisAk;> tpidj;

njhFjpfisAk; ngw;wpUf;Fk;. 4. gbthpirapYs;s midj;J cWg;GfisAk; xNu nghJtha;g;ghl;lhy; Fwpf;fyhk;.

c.k;. my;Nfd; CnH2n+2

my;fPd; CnH2n my;ifd; CnH2n-2

5. %yf;$W epiw mjpfhpg;igg; nghWj;J Nru;kq;fspd; ,aw;gz;Gfs; xOq;fhd Kiwapy; khw;wkilfpd;wd.

6. vy;yh Nrh;kq;fSk;> xj;j Ntjptpidfspy; <LgLfpd;wd. 7. vy;yh Nrh;kq;fisAk; xNu nghJthd Kiwapy; jahhpf;f KbAk;.

3. gpd;tUtdtw;wpd; nghJg;ngah; kw;Wk; IUPAC ngah;fis vOJf. (khu;r;2013>15>[d;2015>nrg; 13)

Nrh;kq;fs; nghJg;ngah; IUPAC ngah; m) CH3-CH2-CHO GNuhg;gpahdhy;bi`L GNuhg;gNdy; M) CH3-CO-CH3 il nkj;jpy; fPl;Nlhd; (mrpl;Nlhd;) GNuhg;gNdhd; ,) CH3-CH-CH3

OH

INrh GNuhg;igy; My;f`hy; 2- GNuhg;gdhy;

<) CH3COOH mrpl;bf; mkpyk; vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; c) HCHO ghh;khy;bi`L nkj;jNdy;

4. NkYs;s glj;ijg; ghh;j;J gpd;tUk; tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;f. m) ituKk; fpuhigl;Lk; vd;d tbtikg;igg; ngw;Ws;sd.? M) ituk; Vd; ntl;Lk; fUtpahfg; gad;gLfpwJ? ,) kpd; Rw;Wfspy; Vd; fpuhigl; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ? <) fpuhigl;bd; kpUJj;jd;ikf;Ff; fhuzkhd tpir vJ? c) cq;fSf;Fj; njhpe;j tpiy cah;e;j ituk; vJ? mjd;

ep;iwiaf; fpuhkpy; $Wf.

m) ituk; - ehd;Kfp mikg;G fpuhigl; - mWNfhz mikg;G





M) ituk; kpfTk; fbdkhdJ. fbdj;jd;ik fhuzkhf mJ fz;zhb Nghd;w nghUl;fis ntl;Lk; fUtpahf gad;gLfpwJ.

,) fpuhigl; jd; gpizg;Gwh vyf;l;uhd;fs; %yk; kpd;rhuj;ijf; flj;JfpwJ. ,jdhy; ,J kpd;Rw;Wfspy; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

<) thz;lh;thy;]; tpir c) Nfh`pDh; ituk; - 21.68 fpuhk; (10.5 Nful;)

5. CnH2n+2 vd;gJ i`l;Nuh fhh;gd;fspd; gb thpir Nrh;kq;fspd; nghJthd %yf;$W tha;g;ghlhFk;.

m) ,e;j gbthpir epiwTw;wjh? my;yJ epiwTwhjjh? M) Nkw;$wpa gbthpirapd; ngaiuAk; ,uz;L fhh;gd; mZf;fisf; nfhz;l Nrh;kj;jpd;

ngaiuAk;> %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilAk; vOJf. ,) ,e;j gbthpirapy; Kjy; Nrh;kj;jpd; %yf;$W mikg;ig tiuf. <) tiuaW - gbthpir Nrh;kq;fs;. ,g;gbthpirapYs;s mLj;jLj;j Nrh;kq;fs; vg;nghJj;

njhFjpapy; NtWgLfpd;wd? c) n- gpA+l;Nld;> n- ngd;Nld; Mfpatw;wpd; %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;il vOJf.

m) epiwTw;wJ. M) gbtupirapd; ngau; - my;Nfd; ,uz;L fhu;gd; mZf;fisf; nfhz;l Nru;kk;: <j;Njd; (CH3CH3)

%yf;$W tha;ghL C2H6

,) H

C

H H H <) 1) gbtupirr; Nru;kq;fs; tiuaiw: xNu nghJthd %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilAk; xj;j

Ntjpg;gz;GfisAk; nfhz;l xNu njhFjp my;yJ xNu tifapy; cs;s fupkr;Nru;kq;fs; gbtupir Nru;kq;fs; MFk;.

2) gbtupirapy; cs;s mLj;jLj;j Nru;kq;fs; CH2 vd;w njhFjpahy; NtWgLk;.

c) n-gpA+l;Nld; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL: CH3-CH2-CH2-CH3 n-ngd;Nld; %yf;$W tha;g;ghL: CH3-CH2-CH2- CH2 -CH3

6. vj;jdhiy mjpfg;gbahd mlh; fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; 443 K ntg;gepiyapy; ntg;gg;gLj;Jk; NghJ> m) mjpy; eilngWk; tpid ahJ? mij tptupf;f. M) mt;tpidf;fhd rkd;ghl;il vOJf. ,) ,t;tpidapy; cUthFk; tpisnghUs; ahJ? ,t;thAit GNuhkpd; ePUld; nrYj;Jk;NghJ

vd;d epfo;fpwJ? <) vj;jdhy; thAit GNuhkpd; ePhpy; nrYj;Jk;NghJ ve;j khw;wKk; epfo;tjpy;iy. Vd;?

m) vj;jdhiy mjpfg;gbahd mlu; fe;jf mkpyj;Jld; 443 K ntg;gepiyapy; ntg;gg;gLj;Jk;NghJ ePh; ePf;fk; eilngw;W vj;jdhy; <j;jPd; MfpwJ.

M) mlu; H2SO4

CH3CH2OH CH2 = CH2 + H2O

(vj;jdhy;) 443K (<j;jPd;) ,) tpidapy; cUthFk; tpisnghUs;: <j;jPd; ,t;thAit GNuhkpd; ePupy; nrYj;Jk;NghJ GNuhkpd; jd; epwj;ij ,of;fpwJ. (nghJthf epiwTwh i`l;Nuh fhu;gd;fis GNuhkpdpy; nrYj;j epwk; ,of;fg;gLk;) <) vj;jdhy; xU epiwTw;w Nrh;kk;. epiwTw;w i`l;Nuhfhu;gd;fis GNuhkpd; ePu;kj;jpy;

nrYj;Jk;NghJ epwkhw;wk; Vw;glhJ.

7. ml;ltizia epug;Gf. %yf;$W tha;g;ghL nghJg;ngah; IUPAC ngah;

CH3CH2CH2CH2OH

ilkPj;ijy;fPl;Nlhd;

GNuhg;gNdy;

HCOOH

gpA+l;lNdhd;





%yf;$W tha;g;ghL nghJg;ngah; IUPAC ngah; CH3-CH2-CH2-CH2-OH n – gpA+l;ily; My;f`hy; 1 gpA+l;ldhy; CH3 - CO - CH3 ilkPj;ijy; fPl;Nlhd; GNuhg;gNdhd; CH3 - CH2 - CHO GNuhg;gpadhy;bi`L GNuhg;gNdy; H-COOH ghh;kpf; mkpyk; nkj;jdhapf; mkpyk; CH3 - CH2-CO-CH3 vj;jpy; nkj;jpy; fPl;Nlhd; gpA+l;lNdhd;

8. vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; vd;gJ CnH2n+1COOH vd;w nghJ tha;g;ghl;il cila gbthpir Nrh;kq;fspy; Xh; cWg;gpdH.

m) ,J ve;j tifahd gbthpir Nrh;kk;? mjd; tpidnray; njhFjpia vOJf. M) vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpd; %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilAk; nghJg;ngaiuAk; Fwpg;gpLf. ,) ,r;Nrh;kk; vj;jdhYld; mlh; fe;jf mkpyj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; tpidGhpAk;NghJ ,dpa

kzKila Nrh;kk; cUthfpwJ. ,t;tpidf;fhd rkd;ghl;ilAk;> cUthFk; tpis nghUspd; ngaiuAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

<) vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; fhh;gNdl;LfSld; tpidGhpAk;NghJ ntspg;gLk; thA vJ? c) Nkw;fz;l tpidf;fhd rkd;nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf. C) khq;fha; CWfha; jahhpf;Fk; NghJ mJ ePz;l ehl;fs; nflhky; ghJfhg;gjw;F cq;fsJ

ghl;b Nrh;f;Fk; Nrh;kk; vJ? m) fhh;ghf;]pypf; mkpy gbtupir tpidnray; njhFjp - COOH M) %yf;$W tha;g;ghL CH3COOH nghJg;ngau;: mrpl;bf; mkpyk

,)

cUthFk; tpisnghUs; vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal; my;yJ v];lu; <) fhu;gd;-il-Mf;i]L CO2

c) Nrhbak; fhu;gNdl;Lld; tpid: 2 CH3 COOH + Na2 CO3 2 CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2O Nrhbak; ig fhu;gNdl;Lld; tpid: CH3 COOH + NaHCO3 CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2O C) tpdpfh;

9. m) A kw;Wk; B iaf; fz;lwpf.

M) Mw;wy; My;f`hy; vt;thW jahhpf;fg;gLfpwJ? gad; xd;W jUf. ,) vj;jdhYld; vijr; Nrh;j;jhy; ,ay;Gj;jd;ik ,oe;j My;f`hy; cUthFk;? <) ,ay;Gj;jd;ik ,oe;j My;f`hypd; gad; ahJ?

m) A - nkj;jdhy; fye;j rhuhak; B - vhprhuhak; M) ngl;Nuhy; kw;Wk; vj;jdhy; fye;j fyit Mw;wy; My;f`hy; vdg;gLfpwJ. Nghf;Ftuj;J thfdq;fspy; vupnghUshf ,J gad;gLfpwJ. ,) gphpbd; Nru;j;jhy; ,ay;Gj;jd;ik ,oe;j My;f`hy; cUthFk;. <) 1) fz;zhbg;nghUl;fis Rj;jk; nra;Ak; jputkhfTk; 2) efg;G+r;RfspYk; 3) kur;rhkd;fspy; ,Lk; ghyp\;fspYk; 4) ,q;f;> ngapz;l; fiwfis Rj;jk; nra;Ak; jputkhfTk; gad;gLfpwJ





10. gpd;tUk; NtjptpidfSf;F rhpahd %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;L rkd; nra;ag;gl;l rkd;ghl;il vOJf.

m) epf;fy; tpidA+f;fpapd; Kd;dpiyapy; <j;jPd; i`l;u[Dld; tpid. M) kPj;Njd; vhpjy; tpidapd; NghJ fhh;gd; il Mf;i]L kw;Wk; ePiuAk; jUfpwJ. ,) vj;jdhypd; i`l;u[d; ePf;f tpid. <) vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpd; Nrhbak; cg;gpd; fhh;ghf;]py; ePf;f tpid.

m) epf;fy; tpidA+f;fpapd; Kd;dpiyapy; <j;jPd; i`l;u[Dld; tpid.

M) kPj;Njd; vhpjy; tpid:

+ ntg;gk; + xsp ,) vj;jdhypd; i`l;u[d; ePf;f tpid

<) vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpd; Nrhbak; cg;gpd; fhh;ghf;]py; ePf;f tpid: vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpd; Nrhbak; cg;ig Nrhlh Rz;zhk;Gld; Nru;j;J R+lhf;f kPj;Njd;

thA cUthfpwJ.

11. glj;ijg; ghh;j;J vd;d epfo;fpwJ vdf; fz;lwpf. cq;fsJ gjpiy rhpahf tpsf;Fk; rkd;ghl;il vOJf.

m) A apypUe;J B vt;thW cUthfpwJ? M) mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ijf; fhh;gNdl; cg;Gld; tpidgLj;Jk; NghJ vd;d epfOk;? ,t;tpidapy;

cUthFk; thA ahJ? mt;thAit Rz;zhk;G ePhpy; nrYj;jpdhy; vd;d epfOk;? ,) vj;jdhy;> mrpl;bf; mkpyj;Jld; mlu; fe;jf mkpyj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; tpidGupAk;NghJ

epfo;tJ vd;d? rkd;ghL jUf.

m) vj;jdhiyf; fhuk; fye;j nghl;lhrpak; ngu;khq;fNdl; my;yJ mkpyk; fye;j nghl;lhrpak; il FNuhNkl; fiuriyf;nfhz;L Mf;]p[Ndw;wk; nra;J vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;ij jahupf;fyhk;

M) mrpl;bf; mkpyj;ij fhu;gNdl; cg;Gf;fNshL tpidGupar;nra;jhy; i) mrpl;bf; mkpyk; fhu;gNdl;Lld; tpidGupe;J Eiuj;J nghq;Fjiy epfo;j;JfpwJ. 2CH3COOH + Na2CO3 2CH3COONa + CO2↑ + H2O ii) ,t;tpidapy; cUthFk; thA – fhu;gd; il Mf;irL (CO2) iii) Rz;zhk;G ePu; ghy; Nghy khWk; ,) v];luhf;Fjy; tpid epfo;fpwJ. vj;jdhy; vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;Jld; mlu; fe;jf mkpyj;jpd; Kd;dpiyapy; tpidGupe;J

vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal;-I jUfpwJ





12. fhpkr;Nrh;kq;fs; A kw;Wk; B Mfpait C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l khw;wpa mikg;Gfs;. khw;wpa mikg;G A Nrhbak; cNyhfj;Jld; i`l;u[d; thAit ntspNaw;WfpwJ. Mdhy; B ,t;tpid Ghptjpy;iy. ‘A’ MdJ mrpl;bf; mkpyj;Jld; mlh; H2SO4 cld; tpidGhpe;J gor;rhwpd; kzKila C vd;w Nrh;kj;ij jUfpwJ. vdpy; khw;wpa mikg;Gfs; A,B,C Nrh;kj;ijf; fz;lwpf.

khw;wpa mikg;Gfs;: A – CH3 CH2 OH (vj;jdhy; ) B – CH3 – O – CH3 (ilnkj;jpy; <ju;)

Nrhbaj;Jld; vj;jdhypd; (A) tpid: vj;jdhy; Nrhbaj;Jld; tpidGupe;J Nrhbak; <j;jhf;irilAk; i`l;u[d; thAitAk; jUfpwJ. 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 †

(A) Nrhbak; <j;jhf;irL

B – il nkj;jpy; <ju; (CH3-O-CH3) Nrhbaj;Jld; tpidGuptjpy;iy.

C-I fz;lwpjy;: ‘A’ MdJ mrpl;bf; mkpyj;Jld; mlh; H2SO4 cld; tpidGhpe;J gor;rhwpd; kzKila C vd;w Nrh;kj;ij jUfpwJ. vdpy;

A vd;gJ vj;jdhy; C vd;gJ vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal; (gor;rhw;wpd; kzk; nfhz;lJ)

vdNt C vd;gJ vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal; : CH3-COO-C2H5

Nru;kq;fs; Ngau; %yf;$W tha;ghL A vj;jdhy; CH3 CH2 OH B il nkj;jpy; <ju; CH3 – O – CH3 C vj;jpy; vj;jNdhNal; CH3-COO-C2H5

13. C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghL cs;s fhpkr;Nrh;kk; A cNyhf Nrhbaj;Jld; i`l;u[d; thAit ntspNaw;WfpwJ. NkYk; A mlh; H2SO4 cld; 413 K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J C4H10O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l Nrh;kk; B Ij; jUfpwJ. NkYk; A mlh; H2SO4 cld; 443K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J C2H4 vd;w tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l Nrh;kk; C Ij; jUfpwJ. Nrh;kk; C GNuhkpd; ePiu epwkw;wjhf;FfpwJ. A, B, C If; fz;lwpf.

1) Nrhbaj;Jld; tpidGupe;J i`l;u[d; thAit ntspNaw;Wk; C2H6O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;il nfhz;l Nru;kk; vj;jdhy; (A) 2C2H5OH + 2Na 2C2H5ONa + H2 † (A) Nrhbak; <j;jhf;irL

2) vj;jdhy; (A) mlh; H2SO4 cld; 413 K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J C4H10O vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l Nrh;kk; il-vj;jpy; <j;ju; (B) Ij; jUfpwJ.

3) NkYk; vj;jdhy; (A) mlh; H2SO4 cld; 443K ntg;gepiyapy; tpidGhpe;J C2H4

vd;w tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l Nrh;kk; <j;jPid (C) jUfpwJ.

4) <j;jPd; (C) epiwTwh i`l;Nuh fhu;gd; vd;gjhy; GNuhkpd; ePiu epwkw;wjhf;FfpwJ.

Nru;kq;fs; Ngau; %yf;$W tha;ghL A vj;jdhy; C2H5OH B il-vj;jpy; <j;ju; C2H5 -O-C2H5 C <j;jPd; CH2=CH2





14. C2H4O2 vd;w %yf;$W tha;g;ghl;ilf; nfhz;l fhpkr;Nrh;kk; A Nrhbak; ig fhh;gNdl; fiurYld; Eiuj;Jg; nghq;Fjiy epfo;j;JfpwJ. A d; Nrhbak; cg;ig Nrhlh Rz;zhk;Gld; #LgLj;Jk; NghJ %yf;$W epiw 16 nfhz;l my;Nfd; gb thpiriar; rhh;e;j Kjy; Nrh;kkhd i`l;Nuh fhh;gd; B Ij; jUfpwJ. A, B If; fz;lwpf. vj;jdhypypUe;J A-it vt;thW jahhpg;gPh;fs;? (nrg;-2016)

1) Nrhbak; ig fhu;gNdl;Lld; Eiuj;Jg; nghq;;Fjiy epfo;j;Jk; Nru;kk; vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; (A) CH3 COOH (A) + NaHCO3 CH3 COONa + CO2 + H2O

2) vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;jpd; (A) Nrhbak; cg;ig Nrhlh Rz;zhk;Gld; #LgLj;Jk; NghJ %yf;$W epiw 16 nfhz;l my;Nfd; gb thpiriar; rhh;e;j Kjy; Nrh;kkhd i`l;Nuh fhh;gd; kPj;Njd; (B) Ij; jUfpwJ.

3. vj;jdhiy fhuk; fye;j nghl;lhrpak; ngu;khq;fNdl; fiuriyf;nfhz;L Mf;]p[Ndw;wk;

milar;;nra;J vj;jdhapf; mkpyj;ij jahupf;fyhk;.

Nru;kq;fs; Ngau; %yf;$W tha;ghL A vj;jdhapf; mkpyk; CH3 COOH B kPj;Njd; CH4

,aw;gpay; muRj;Nju;tpy; vOj Ntz;baJ: tpdh vz;: 52 (,af;f tpjpfSk;; <Hg;gpaYk;;) my;yJ tpdh vz;: 53 (kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;jtpisT)

tpdh vz;: 52f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (,af;f tpjpfSk;; <Hg;gpaYk;;)

1. m) tpz;ntsp tPuu;fs; tpz;ntsp epiyaq;fspy;> ePz;lehs; jq;Ftjhy; kdpj clypy; Vw;gLk; tpisTfis Muha;tjw;fhfNt> tpz;ntsp epiyaq;fs; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpd;wd. ,f;$w;wpid epahag;gLj;Jf.

M) F = Gm1m2 / d2 vd;gJ epa+l;ldpd; <u;g;gpay; tpjpapd; fzpj tbtk;. G <u;g;gpay; khwpyp>m1m2

vd;gJ epiwfs;. d nghUs;fSf;F ,ilg;gl;l njhiyT vdpy;> epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;gpay; tpjpapid vOJf. (khh;r;-2014> nrg;-2014> [d;-2016)

m) tpz;ntsp epiyaq;fs;: 1. tpz;ntspapy; Fwpg;gpl;l fhyk; jq;fp Ma;Tg;gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf kdpjdhy;

tbtikf;fg;gl;lJ tpz;ntsp epiyak; MFk;. 2. Gjpa tpz;ntsp epiyaq;fspy; tpz;ntspapy; rpy thuq;fs; my;yJ rpy khjq;fs; my;yJ

rpy Mz;Lfs; jq;fp Ma;Tg;gzpfs; Nkw;nfhs;tjw;fhf tbtikf;fg;gl;lit. 3. tpz;ntspapy; fhzg;gLk;

1) kpff;Fiwe;j kWRow;rp tPjk; 2) mjpf fjph;tPr;R 3) Fiwe;j <h;g;G tpir

Mfpait kdpj clypy; tpisTfis Vw;gLj;Jk;. 4. ,J kdpjd; tpz;ntspapy; jq;Fk; fhyj;ijf; Fiwj;J> mnrsfhpaj;ijAk; ePz;l ehs;

cly; ey ghjpg;igAk; jUfpd;wJ. 5. vdNt tpz;ntspepiyaq;fs; ePz;lehs; tpz;ntspapy; jq;Ftjhy; kdpj clypy; Vw;gLk;

tpisTfis Muhag; gad;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ.

M) epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;gpay; tpjp: mz;lj;jpYs;s xt;nthU nghUSk; kw;w nghUs;fis mtw;wpd; epiwfspd; ngUf;fw;gyDf;F

Neh;jftpYk; ,ilj;njhiytpd; ,Ukbf;F vjph;jftpYk; mike;j tpirAld; <h;f;Fk;.

F = 𝐆𝐦𝟏𝐦𝟐

𝒅𝟐





2. m) epA+l;ldpd; Kjy; ,af;f tpjp tpirapd; gz;ig tpsf;FfpwJ. ,f;$w;iw epahag;gLj;Jf. M) 10 fp.fp.> 15 fp.fp. epiwAs;s nghUs;fs; KiwNa 10 kPtp-1, 5 kPtp-1 Ntfj;jpy; nry;tijg; glk;

fhl;LfpwJ. mit Nkhjpf;nfhs;fpd;wd. Nkhjypd; NghJ mit njhl;Lf;nfhs;Sk; Neuk; 2 tpdhbfs;. NkhjYf;Fg;gpd; mit KiwNa 4 kPtp-1, 9 kPtp-1 Ntfj;jpy; nry;fpd;wd vdpy; F1, F2

,tw;iwf; fhz;f. (khh;r;-2013>17)

m) epA+l;ld; Kjy; ,af;f tpjp: rkkw;w Gwtpirnahd;W nray;gl;L khw;Wk; tiu ve;j xU nghUSk; jdJ Xa;T epiyiaNah

my;yJ xNu Neh;f;Nfhl;by; mike;j rPuhd ,af;f epiyiaNah khw;wpf;nfhs;shky; njhlh;e;J mNj epiyapy; ,Uf;Fk;.

vLj;Jf;fhl;Lfs;: 1. Xl;Leu; kfpOe;ij epWj;j jiliar; nrYj;Jk;tiu ehk; ek; ,Uf;ifNahL ,af;fepiyapy;

,Uf;fpNwhk;. jiliar;nrYj;Jk;NghJ Kd;Ndhf;fp tpOfpNwhk;. 2. jpBnud ,aq;fj;njhlq;Fk; NgUe;jpy; epd;Wnfhz;bUg;gtu; gpd;Ndhf;fp tpOfpwhu; 3. kfpOe;J FWfpa tistpy; tpiue;J jpUk;Gk;NghJ ehk; xU gf;fkhf rha;fpNwhk;. 4. Nfuk; gyifapy; nrq;Fj;jhf mLf;fpitf;fg;gl;l Nfuk; fha;fis fpilkl;lkhf gykhf

mbf;Fk;NghJ mbfha; tpiue;J efu;fpwJ. kw;w fha;fs; epiykk; fhuzkhf nrq;Fj;jhf mLf;fg;gl;l epiy khwhky; Nfuk; gyifapy; mku;fpwJ.

M) m1 = 10kg m2 = 15kg u1 = 10ms-1 u2 = 5ms-1 v1 = 4ms-1 v2 = 9ms-1 t = 2s

F1 = m2(v2− u2)

𝑡

= 15(9− 5)

2 =

15(4)

2 =

60

2 = 30N

F2 = m1(v1− u1)

𝑡

= 10(4−10)

2 =

10 X−6

2 =

−60

2 = -30N

F1 = 30N F2 = -30N

/ F1 = - F2

tpid = vjpu;tpid xt;nthU tpidf;Fk; mjw;Fr; rkkhd Mdhy; vjpu;jpirapy; nray;gLtJkhd vjpu;tpid

cz;L vd;w epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; tpjpia ,J ep&gpf;fpwJ.

3. xU 5N tpirahdJ Xa;T epiyapy; cs;s 2.5 fp.fp. epiwapd; kPJ nray;gl;L mjid Neu;f;Nfhl;by; KLf;Ftpf;fpwJ vdpy; m) epiwapd; KLf;fk; vd;d? M) me;j epiwia 20 kP efu;j;jj; Njitg;gLk; Neuk; vd;d? ,) 3 tpdhbfSf;Fg;gpd; mjd; jpirNtfj;ijf; fhz;f.

m) F = 5N m = 2.5 a = ?

F = ma

ma = F

a = 𝐹

𝑚 =

5

2.5 = 2 ms-2

epiwapd; KLf;fk; = 2 ms-2

M) s = 20m t =?

s = ut + ½ at2

20 = 0 x t + ½ x 2 x t2





20 = 0 + 1 t2 = t2

t2 = 20

t = 20 = 4.475 tp epiwia efu;j;jj; Njitg;gLk; Neuk; = 4.475 tp

,) %d;W tpdhbfSf;Fg; gpwF mjd; Ntfk;: v = u + at

v = 0 + 2 x 3

v = 6 m/s

%d;W tpdhbfSf;Fg; gpwF mjd; Ntfk; = 6 m/s

4. ce;j moptpd;ik tpjpia vOJf. xNu ,lj;jpypUe;J Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpd; Nky; 2 gpy;ypad; kf;fs; 4 kPtp-1 vd;w Ntfj;jpy; Fjpf;fpwhu;fs;. Gtpapd; epiw 6 x 10

24fp.fp. xU kdpjdpd; ruhrup epiw 60 fp.fp. vdpy;> m) midj;J kf;fspd; nkhj;j ce;jk; vd;d? M) Gtpapy; ,e;epfo;tpdhy; Vw;gLk; tpisT vd;d?

ce;j moptpd;ik tpjp: rkkw;w Gw tpirfs; nray;glhj tiu XH mikg;gpd; nkhj;j ce;jk; khwhJ vd;gJ ce;j

moptpd;ik tpjp MFk;.

m) Gtpapd; epiw = 6 x 1024fp.fp. Gtpapd; jpirNtfk; = v

xU kdpjdpd; epiw 60 fpfp Fjpf;Fk; NghJ kdpjdpd; jpirNtfk; = 4 kPtp-1 xU kdpjdpd; ce;jk; = 60 x 4 = 240 kg ms-1 2 gpy;ypad; kf;fspd; ce;jk; = 2 x109 x 240

= 480 x 109 kg ms-1

M) Fjpg;gjw;f;F Kd;nkhj;j ce;jk; = 0 (kdpjDk; GtpAk; Xa;tpy; ,Uf;Fk;NghJ) Fjpj;j gpd;nkhj;j ce;jk; = 2 gpy;ypad; kf;fspd; nkhj;j ce;jk; + Gtpapd; ce;jk;

= 480 x 109 + (6 x 1024 ) x V ce;j moptpd;ik tpjpg;gb Fjpg;gjw;f;F Kd;nkhj;j ce;jk; = Fjpj;j gpd;nkhj;j ce;jk;

0= 480 x 109 + (6 x 1024 ) x V

(6 x 1024 ) x V = -480 x 109

V= -480 x 109 / 6 x 1024

V= -8 x 10-14 ms-1

2 gpy;ypad; kf;fs; Fjpg;gjhy; vw;gLk; Gtpapd; Ntfk; kpfkpff; FiwT (fpl;lj;jl;l xd;Wkpy;iy) vd;gjhy; Gtpapy; ve;j khw;wKk; Vw;glhJ.

5. epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;Gtpjpia vOJf. Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpd; Nky; <u;g;G KLf;fj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghl;ilj; jUf. ,uz;L thd;nghUs;fspd; <u;g;G KLf;fj;jpd; tpfpjk; 1 : 4 kw;Wk; mtw;wpd; Muq;fspd; tpfpjk; 1 : 3 vdpy;> mtw;wpd; epiwfspd; jfT vd;d?

epA+l;ldpd; <u;g;G tpjp: mz;lj;jpYs;s xt;nthU nghUSk; kw;w nghUs;fis mtw;wpd; epiwfspd;

ngUf;fw;gyDf;F Neu;j;jftpYk; mtw;Wf;F ,ilNa cs;s njhiytpd; ,Ukbf;F vjpu;j;jftpYk; mike;j tpirAld; <u;f;Fk;. NkYk; mt;tpirahdJ ,U nghUs;fspd; ikaq;fis ,izf;Fk; Nfhl;bd; topNa nray;gLk;.

epA+l;ld; <u;g;gpay; rkd;ghL F α 𝑚1𝑚2

𝑑2 my;yJ F = 𝐺𝑚1𝑚2

𝑑2

(,q;F G - <u;g;gpay; khwpyp m1 m2 - ,UnghUl;fspd; epiwfs; d - ,ilNa cs;s njhiyT)

Gtpapd; Nkw;gug;gpy; GtpaPu;g;G KLf;fj;jpw;fhd rkd;ghL:

g = 𝑮𝑴

𝑹𝟐 (,q;F G - <u;g;gpay; khwpyp M - Gtpapd; epiw R - Gtpapd; Muk;)





,uz;L thd;nghUs;fs; fzf;fPL: ,uz;L nghUl;fspd; <u;g;G KLf;f tpfpjk; g1 : g2 = 1 : 4

Muq;fspd; tpfpjk; R1 : R2 = 1 : 3

g = 𝑮𝑴

𝑹𝟐(,q;F G - <u;g;gpay; khwpyp M – thd;nghUspd; epiw R – thd;nghUspd; Muk;)

𝒈𝟏 = 𝑮𝑴𝟏

𝑹𝟏𝟐 vdNt M1 =

𝒈𝟏𝑹𝟏𝟐

𝑮

𝒈𝟐 = 𝑮𝑴𝟐

𝑹𝟐𝟐 vdNt M2 =

𝒈𝟐𝑹𝟐𝟐

𝑮

𝑀1

𝑀2 =


𝑮 /


𝑮 =



= 𝒈𝟏

𝒈𝟐 x

𝑹𝟏𝟐

𝑹𝟐𝟐

= 1

4 x

12

32 = 1

4 x

1

9 =

1

36

thd;nghUl;fspd; epiwfspd; jfT 1 : 36

6. mikjp epiyapy; cs;s> 3 fp.fp. epiwAs;s Fz;L ntbj;J 2fp.fp kw;Wk; 1fp.fp vd ,uz;L gFjpfshfr; rpjWfpwJ. 2 fp.fp epiwnfhz;l nghUs; 3 kPtp-1 vd;w jpirNtfj;jpy; nrd;why; 1fp.fp. epiw nfhz;l nghUspd; jpirNtfj;ijf; fzf;fpLf.

mikjp epiyapy; cs;sNghJ m=3 fpfp u=0 kPtp-1 ntbg;Gf;Fg; gpd; m1 = 2 fp.fp v1 = 3 kPtp-1 m2 = 1 fp.fp v2 = ?

ce;jkhwh Nfhl;ghl;bd;gb NkhjYf;F Kd;Ds;s ce;jk; NkhjYf;Fg; gpd; cs;s nkhj;j ce;jj;jpw;Fr; rkk;

mu = m1v1 + m2 v2

3 x 0 = 2 x 3 +1 x v2

0 = 6 + v2

6 + v2 = 0

v2 = - 6 ms-1

vdNt 1 fp.fp epiwAs;s nghUs; - 6 ms-1 Ntfj;jpy; nry;Yk;. vjpu; jpirapy; nry;tjhy; vjpu;Fwp ,lg;gl;Ls;sJ.

7. 60 fp.fp kw;Wk; 50fp.fp. vilAs;s ,U gdpr;rWf;F tPuu;fs; xU fapw;wpd; ,U Kidfisg; gpbj;Js;sdu;. fapwhdJ tpiwg;ghf cs;sJ. 60 fp.fp. vilAs;s xUtd; 20N tpirapy; fapw;iw ,Of;fpwhd; vdpy;> kWgf;fj;jpy; cs;s tpisahl;L tPuu; fapw;wpdhy; czUk; tpir ahJ? ,UtUila KLf;fj;jpd; kjpg;G ahJ?

m) epA+l;ldpd; %d;whk; ,af;f tpjpg;gb 60 fp.fp. vilAs;s xUtd; 20N tpirapy; fapw;iw ,Oj;jhy; kWgf;fj;jpy; cs;s tpisahl;L tPuu; mNj 20Ntpiria fapw;wpy; czUthu;.

M) ,Utupd; KLf;fj;jpw;fhd fzf;fPL: m1 = 60 mg m2 = 50 kg F1 = 20N F2 = 20N

F1 = m1 a1

m1 a1 = F1

a1 = 𝐹1

𝑚1 =

20

60 =

20

60 =

1

3 = 0.3333

Kjyhktupd; KLf;fk; 0.3 kPtp-2

a2 = 𝐹2

𝑚2

= 20

50 =

20

50 =

2

5 = 0.4

,uz;lhktupd; KLf;fk; 0.4 kPtp-2





tpdh vz;: 53f;F gbf;f Ntz;ba tpdhf;fs; - (kpd;Ndhl;lj;jpd; fhe;j tpisTk; xspapaYk;;)

1.

m) gLfjph; M) tpyFfjph; ,) kPs;fjph; <) tpyFNfhzk; c) jpir khw;wf; Nfhzk; C) tpLNfhzk;

i) nfhLf;fg;gl;l glj;jpid tiue;J> fPOs;s ghfq;fisg; glj;jpy; Fwpf;fTk; (khu;r;13> [d;12>14) ii) xspapd; jpirNtfj;ijg; nghUj;J> ituj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; 2.42. ,r;nrhw;nwhlhpd; nghUs; ahJ?

i)

ii) ituj;jpd; xsptpyfy; vz; µ = 2.42 fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; c = 3 x 108 kP/tp

µ = fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;

Clfj;jpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;

µ = 𝑐

𝑣

= 3 𝑥 108

2.42 = 1.24 x 108 kP/tp

ituj;jpy; xspapd; jpir Ntfk; 1.24 x 108 kP/tp ituj;jpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfj;ij tplf; FiwT. (ituj;jpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfj;ijtpl 1.24 klq;F FiwT)

2.

m) nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s glj;ij kPz;Lk; tiuf. M) ,g;glk; Fwpg;gpLtJ ………….. ,) glj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. <) ,f;fUtp vj;jj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ? (khh;r;-14>16> [_d;-2013>16)





m)

M) glk; Fwpg;gpLtJ AC kpd;dpaw;wp

,) Kf;fpa ghfq;fs;: S1 S2 - eOT tisaq;fs; B1B2 - fhh;gd; Jhpiffs; NS - fhe;j JUtq;fs; ABCD - Roy; RUs; jsk; R - kpd;jil

<) ,f;fUtp kpd;fhe;j Jz;ly; jj;Jtj;ij mbg;gilahff; nfhz;lJ.

3. m) 10 nr.kP. Ftpaj;JuKs;s Ftpnyd;rpd; Kd; nghUshdJ (a) 15nr.kP (b) 8 nr.kP njhiytpy; itf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy; cUthFk; gpk;gj;jpd; epiy> jd;ik> cUg;ngUf;fk; Mfpatw;iwf; fhz;f.

M) Nkw;fz;l ,U epiyfspy; vJ – (i) xspg;gltPo;j;jp (ii) ifNuif ghh;g;gth; gad;gLj;Jk; cUg;ngUf;fpfspy; gad;gLfpwJ?

m)

a) f = 10 nr.kP. u = - 15 nr.kP.

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢 my;yJ

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢 =

1

𝑓

1

𝑣 =

1

𝑓 +

1

𝑢 =

1

10 +

1

−15

= 3

30 -

2

30 =

3−2

30 =

1

30

V = 30 cm

b) f = 10 nr.kP. u = -8 nr.kP. 1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢 my;yJ

1

𝑣 -

1

𝑢 =

1

𝑓

1

𝑣 =

1

𝑓 +

1

𝑢

= 1

10 +

1

−8 =

4

40 -

5

40 =

−1

40

V = - 40 cm

gpk;gj;jpd; epiy: 2F-f;F mg;ghy; nyd;rpypUe;J 30 nrkP Juj;jpy; (kWGwk;)

jd;ik : jiyfPo; nka; gpk;gk;.

cUg;ngUf;fk; : m = 𝑣

𝑢 =

30

−15 = -2

(mjhtJ gpk;gk; jiyfPohdJ. 2 klq;F ngupaJ)

gpk;gj;jpd; epiy: nghUs; itf;fg;gl;Ls;s mNj gf;fj;jpy; nyd;rpypUe;J 40nrkP Juj;jpy; cs;sJ. jd;ik : Neuhd khagpk;gk;.

cUg;ngUf;fk; : m = 𝑣

𝑢 =

−40

−8 = 5

(mjhtJ gpk;gk; NeuhdJ. 5 klq;F ngupaJ)

M) Nkw;fz;l ,U epiyfspy;> (i) xspg;gltPo;j;jpf;F Kjy; epiy (15 nrkP) cfe;jJ. (ii) ifNuif ghh;g;gth;fSf;F ,uz;lhk; epiy (8 nrkP) cfe;jJ.

4. 30 nr.kP. tisT Muk; nfhz;l FopMbapd; Kd;G 5 nr.kP. cauKs;s nghUs; xd;W 10 nr.kP. njhiytpy; itf;fg;gLfpwJ vdpy;> m) gpk;gj;jpd; epiy> jd;ik> msT fhz;f. M) Nkw;fz;l epiyiaf; Fwpg;gpLk; fjph; tiuglk; tiuf.

(m) Mbapd; tisT Muk; R = -30 nr.kP.





FtpaJuk; f = -30 / 2 = -15 (FopMb vd;gjhy; vjpu;f;Fwp) nghUspd; cauk; h = 5 nr.kP. nghUspd; Juk; u = -10 nr.kP.

Mb rkd;ghL:

1

𝑓 =

1

𝑣 +

1

𝑢 my;yJ

1

𝑣 +

1

𝑢 =

1

𝑓

1

𝑣 =

1

𝑓 -

1

𝑢

= 1

−15 -

1

−10 =

−1

15 +

1

10

= −2

30 +

3

30 =

1

30

v = 30 nr.kP

gpk;gj;jpd; cUg;ngUf;fk; M = 𝑣

𝑢 =

30

10 = 3

nghUspd; cauk; = 5 nr.kP. gpk;gj;jpd; cauk; = nghUspd; cauk; x cUg;ngUf;fk;

= 5 x 3 = 15 nr.kP.

gpk;gj;jpd; epiy : Mbf;Fg; gpd;dhy; 30 nr.kP Juj;jpy; gpk;gj;jpd; jd;ik : ngupa Neuhd kha gpk;gk; gpk;gj;jpd; msT : nghUis tpl 3 klq;F ngupaJ

M) fjpu; tiuglk;:

5. fz; rpfpr;irf;fhd kUe;Jr;rPl;by;> Fiwghl;il rhpnra;tjw;fhf ghpe;Jiuf;fg;gl;l jpwd;fs; KiwNa> tyg;gf;f fz;: -3.50 D ,lg;gf;f fz;: -4.00 D vdpy;> (nrg;-2016) m) mth; vt;tifg; ghh;itf;Fiwghl;lhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shh;? M) Nkw;fz;l nyd;Rfs; ikaj;jpy; nkype;jpUf;Fkh? my;yJ tpspk;Gfspy; nkype;jpUf;Fkh? ,) ,U nyd;Rfspy; ve;j nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;njhiyT mjpfk;?

m) jpwd; vjpu;f;Fwpahf ,Ug;gjhy; mtu; fpl;lg;ghu;it Fiwghl;lhy; ghjpf;fg;gl;Ls;shu;. M) Fop nyd;]; - ikaj;jpy; nkype;jpUf;Fk;.

,) nyd;]pd; Ftpaj;Juk;: tyJgf;f fz; ,lJgf;f fz;

nyd;rpd; jpwd;: 𝑃 =1

𝑓

vdNt Ftpaj;Juk; : 𝑓 =1

𝑃

𝑓 = 1

−3.5 = −0.28 𝑚

nyd;rpd; jpwd;: 𝑃 =1

𝑓

vdNt Ftpaj;Juk; : 𝑓 =1

𝑃

𝑓 = 1

−4 = −0.25 𝑚

vdNt tyJ gf;f fz; nyd;rpd; Ftpaj;Juk; mjpfk;.




ijuha;L Kd; gf;f mikg;G

ijuha;L gpd; gf;f mikg;G

%isapd; Kf;fpa gFjpfs;

%isapd; nray;ghl;L gFjpfs;

Ehskpy;yh Rug;gp kz;lyk;

kdpj fopT ePf;f kz;lyk;

rpWePufj;jpd; ePs;ntl;Lj;Njhw;wk;

kdpj ,jak;

gpiuNahgpy;yk;

kyupd; ghfq;fs;

R+yf tl;lk;

kfue;jj;Js; Kisj;jy;

fUTWjy;

,Utpj;jpiyjhtuk;(mtiu)

xUtpj;jpiy jhtutpij (ney;)




Nthy;lh kpd;fyk;

nyf;yhQ;rp kpd;fyk;

fhuPa mkpy Nrkf;fyd;

A.C kpd;dpaw;wp

D.C kpd;dpaw;wp

Kg;gl;lfj;jpd; top

xsp tpyfy;

Thanks to

Our Student R. Muthulakshmi

fz; glk;

,aw;gpay; epidtpy;

nfhs;sNtz;ba R+j;jpuq;fs;

ce;jk; p = mv

ce;j khWghl;L tPjk; p = m(v-u) / t

tpir F = ma my;yJ F = m(v-u) / t

<u;g;G tpir F = Gm1m2/d2

GtpaPu;g;G tpir g = GM/R2

kpd;Dl;lk; Q = It

kpd;Ndhl;lk; I = V/R

kpd;dOj;jNtWghL V = IR

njhlupizg;gpy; R = R1+R2+R3 gf;f ,izg;gpy; 1/R = 1/R1+1/R2+1/R3 kpd;rhuj;jhy; cUthFk; ntg;gk; H = I2Rt

Id;];Bd; rkd;ghL E = mc2 Nfhsf Mbapd; tisT Muk; R = 2f

Mbrkd;ghL 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

nyd;R rkd;ghL 1/f = 1/v + 1/u

nyd;rpd; jpwd; = 1/f ilahg;lu; nyd;rpd; cUg;ngUf;fk; = gpk;g cauk;/nghUs; cauk; = h1/h = v/u

xsptpyfy; vz; µ = sin i / sin r xsptpyfy; vz; = fhw;wpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk; /Clfj;jpy; xspapd; jpirNtfk;



10-k; tFg;G mwptpay; tpdhtq;fp ntw;wpf;F top


khjpup tpdhj;jhs; muRg;nghJj;Nju;T khh;r;-2016

mwptpay; Neuk;: 2½ kzp kjpg;ngz;fs;: 75

gphpT – I (kjpg;ngz;fs;:15 ) Fwpg;G: ,t;tpdhj;jhs; %d;W gphpTfisf; nfhz;lJ. i) ,g;gphptpy; cs;s 15 tpdhf;fSf;Fk; tpilaspf;fTk;. 15x1=15

ii) milg;Gf; FwpapDs; nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s ehd;F khw;W tpilfspy; kpfTk; rhpahd tpiliaj; NjHe;njLj;J vOjTk;.

1. fPOs;stw;Ws; ghuk;ghpaj; jd;ik nfhz;lJ ________ (kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l tpe;jZ> fy;yPuypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;l [Pd;fs;> Njhy; nry;ypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit> ghy;kbr; nry;ypy; kugZ khw;wk; nra;ag;gl;lit)

2. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; ghf;Bhpahthy; cz;lhFk; Neha; ______ (%isf;fha;r;ry;> ntwpeha;f;fb> ,uz[d;dp> nghpak;ik) 3. ekJ clypd; kdntOr;rp ntspg;ghl;ilf; fl;Lg;gLj;Jk; %isapd; gFjp _______.

(rpW%is> ngU%is> jyhk];> i`Nghjyhk];) 4. fUTw;wgpd; #y; _______ Mf khWfpwJ.

(tpij> fdp> fUCd;(vz;Nlh];ngh;k;)> fdpj;Njhy;(nghpfhh;g;)) 5. kdpjdpd; ruhrhp cly; ntg;gepiy _______

(98.40-98.60 F> 96.60-96.80F> 94.40-98.60F> 98.40-99.60F) 6. gRe;jhtuq;fspy; fhzg;gLk; ve;jr; nry; Ez;ZWg;ig czT cw;gj;jp njhopw;rhiyfs; vd

miof;fyhk;? (ikl;Nlhfhz;bhpah> gRq;fzpfk;> vz;Nlhgpshrtiy> cl;fU)

7. Nkfq;fisj; Jz;br; nraw;ifahf kio nga;a cjTk; Ntjpg;nghUs;. (nghl;lhrpak; mNahilL> fhy;rpak; fhh;gNdl;> fe;jf il Mf;irL> mk;Nkhdpak; gh];Ngl;)

8. ,aw;if thAtpy; fhzg;gLk; Kjd;ikahd nghUs; _______ (<j;Njd;> kPj;Njd;> GNuhg;Ngd;> gpA+l;Nld;)

9. xU ntg;gk; nfhs;tpidapy;> ntg;gepiyia ________ fiujpwd; mjpfhpf;Fk;. (mjpfhpj;jhy; / Fiwj;jhy;)

10. Ntjp vhpkiy vd;gJ _______

($Lif tpid / rpijTWjy; tpid) 11. thfd cjphpg;ghfq;fs; jahhpf;fg;gad;gLtJ _______

(epf;fy; v/F> JUg;gpbf;fhj v/F> ntz;fyk;> nkf;dhypak;) 12. gf;kpd;];lh; Gy;yhpd; _____ -d; GwNtw;Wik tbtk;

(iel;u[d;> fhh;gd;> ry;/gh;) 13. Xa;T epiyapYs;s fdkhd nghUspd; ce;jk; _______

(kpf mjpfk;> kpff;FiwT> Rop> Kbtpyp) 14. xj;j epge;jidfspy; cs;s NghJ ______ gug;G kw;w gug;Gfis tpl mjpf ntg;gj;ij

cl;fth;fpwJ. (ntz;ik> nrhunrhug;ghd> fUik> kQ;fs;)

15. xU fk;gpr;RUNshL njhlh;Gila fhe;jg;ghak; khWk; Nghnjy;yhk;> mr;Rw;wpy; kpd;dpaf;F tpir cUthFk; epfo;T ______ (kpd;fhe;jj; Jz;ly;> kpd;Ndhl;lk; cUthjy;> kpd;dOj;jk; cUthjy;> kpd;Ndhl;lk; khw;wg;gLjy;)

gphpT – II (kjpg;ngz;fs; :40) Fwpg;G: VNjDk; ,UgJ tpdhf;fSf;F tpilaspf;fTk; 20x2=40 16. ghuk;ghpak; rhh;e;j rpy Kf;fpar; nrhw;Fwpg;Gfs; fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;sd. mtw;Ws; chpadtw;iwj;

Njh;e;njLj;J vOJf. (i) ______ fhuzpfs; ,aw;gpay; rhh;e;j ghuk;ghpaf; fhuzpfs; MFk; (ii) ______ vd;gJ xNu [Pdpd; khw;Wj; jd;ikahFk;. (my;yPy;> khWghLfs;> rpw;wpdkhjy;> [Pd;> my;ypNyh khh;/Gfs;)

17. NtWghLfs; vd;why; vd;d? mjd; tiffs; ahit? 18. fPo;f;fz;ltw;Ws; jFe;j ,izfisg; nghUj;Jf.

(kUe;Jfs;> vhpg;nghUs;> Ez;Zaphp> tsh;rpij khw;wk;> fhpk mkpyq;fs;) (i) jLg;G kUe;J (ii) ,aw;if thA (iii) rpl;hpf; mkpyk; (iv) itl;lkpd;fs;





19. rhjhuz rspahy; ghjpf;fg;gl;l eghplk; fhzg;gLk; nghJthd mwpFwpfs; ahit? (i) ________ (ii) _________

20. gpd;tUtdtw;Ws; chpa xOq;F mikT Kiw _________

(i) irNfhl;bd; nyg;NlhBd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; laifndrp]; (ii) laifndrp]; irNfhl;bd; nyg;NlhBd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; (iii) nyg;NlhBd; irNfhl;bd; ghf;fpBd; bg;Nshl;Bd; laifndrp];

21. (m) glk; A,B-ia milahsk; fhz;f. (M) A-apd; ve;jg; ghfk; B-Mf khWfpwJ.

22. cz;ikf; fUj;J (A) : ghYl;bapd; ,jak; xU ikNahn[dpf; ,jak; MFk;. fhuzk; (R): ghYl;bfspy; ,jaj;Jbg;G rpwg;ghd jirf; fw;iwfshy; fl;Lg;gLj;jg;gLfpwJ. (Ng]; Nkf;fh;) m) (A) kw;Wk; (R),uz;Lk; rhp; (R) MdJ (A) ia tpsf;FfpwJ. M) (A) kw;Wk; (R) ,uz;Lk; rhp; Mdhy; (R) MdJ (A) –ia tpsf;ftpy;iy. ,) (A) kl;LNk rhp Mdhy; (R) jtW <) (A) jtW Mdhy; (R) rhp.

23 ,uj;jj;jpd; gpsh];kh gFjpapy; gFjpapy; fhzg;gLk; gpsh];kh GNuhl;Bd;fs; %d;wpidf; $Wf. mtw;wpd; gzpfisAk; Fwpg;gpLf.

24. clypd; “kh];lh; nfkp];l;” vd;W rpWePufk; miof;fg;gLfpwJ - fhuzk; fz;lwpe;J vOJf. m) clypy; ngwg;gLk; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fSk; rpWePufj;jpy; ngwg;gLfpd;wd. M) rpWePufk;> ,uj;jj;jpd; NtjpapiaG rk epiyiag; NgZfpwJ. ,) rpWePufk;> clypy; ngWk; midj;J Ntjpg; nghUs;fisAk; ntspNaw;WfpwJ. <) rpWePufk;> clypd; midj;J Ntjpg;nghUs;fisAk; Nrkpj;J itj;Jf; nfhs;fpwJ.

25. fPNo nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Cl;l KiwfNshL> mtw;wpd; rpwg;G cWg;Gfis jf;f vLj;Jf;fhl;Lld; nghUj;Jf. jw;rhh;G Cl;lKiw ikf;NfhiurhNth;fs; f];Fl;lh xl;Lz;zpfs; gr;irak; khNdhl;Nuhgh kl;Fz;zpfs; `h];Nlhhpaq;fs; i`gp];f];

26. nfhLf;fg;gl;bUf;Fk; glj;ijf; ftdpf;f. m) glk; A,B ,y; fhzg;gLk; ,af;fq;fisf; Fwpg;gpLf. M) vt;thW ,t;tpaf;fq;fs; njhl;lhy; rpZq;fp

,iyfspd; ,af;fq;fspypUe;J NtWgLfpd;wd? 27. Rthrpj;jy; vd;why; vd;d? fhw;Ws;s Rthrpj;jYf;fhd Ntjpr; rkd;ghl;bid vOJf. 28. gpd;tUtdtw;iwg; gad;gLj;jp czTr; rq;fpypia cUthf;Ff.

(ghk;G> Gy;> fOF> jtis> ntl;Lf;fpsp) 29. nghUe;jhjij ePf;Ff.

m) caphp-My;f`hy;> gr;ir Bry;> caphp-<jh;> ngl;Nuhypak;. M) fhyuh> il/gha;L> nrhwprpuq;F> rPjNgjp.

30. rpwpa xspUk; tpsf;Ffis (CFL) ntg;gj;jhy; xspUk; tpsf;FfSf;Fg; gjpyhf gad;gLj;Jtjhy; Mz;Lf;F 6>000 nkfhthl; kpd;dhw;wy; Nrkpf;fyhk.; m) ______? M) ______?

31. Nghf;Ftuj;J thfdq;fspy; gad;gLj;Jk; ehd;F caphp-vhpnghUl;fs; ahit? 32. (m) Fsph;ghdq;fspy; fiuf;fg;gLk; thA vJ?

(M) mt;thAtpd; fiujpwid mjpfhpf;f ePq;fs; vd;d nra;tPh;fs;? 33. bd;lhy; tpisT vd;why; vd;d? 34. 11fp CO2-tpy; cs;s %yf;$Wfspd; vz;zpf;ifiaf; fzf;fpLf. 35. jtwhd $w;iwr; rhp nra;f.

(m) Nrhbak; ngd;NrhNal; czTg;nghUl;fisg; gjg;gLj;jg;gad;gLfpwJ. (M) tptrhaj;jpy; iel;hpf; mkpyk; cukhfg; gad;gLfpwJ. (,) fe;jf mkpyk; Ntjpg;nghUs;fspd; murd; vd miof;fg;gLfpwJ. (<) mkpyj;jpd; pH kjpg;G 7 I tpl mjpfkhf ,Uf;Fk;.

36. xU fiurypd; i`l;u[d; madpapd; nrwpT 0.001M vdpy;> mf;fiurypd; pH kjpg;ig fz;Lgpbf;fTk;. 37. jtwhd thf;fpaj;ij jpUj;jp vOJf.

“xU njhlhpy; jdpkq;fspd; cNyhfj;jd;ik mjpfhpj;Jk; mNyhfj; jd;ik Fiwe;Jk; fhzg;gLfpwJ”.





38. $w;wpw;fhd fhuzj;;;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jf. $w;W (A) : kpd;Kyhk; G+Rjy; vd;gJ cNyhfq;fis mhpkhdj;jpypUe;J kl;Lky;yhky;>

gsgsg;igAk; mspf;fpwJ. fhuzk; (R) : Xh; cNyhfj;ij kw;Nwhh; cNyhfj;jpd; kPJ kpd;rhuj;jpd; %yk; G+Rtjw;F kpd;Kyhk;

G+Rjy; vd;W ngah;. m) A rhp> R jtW. M) A rhp> R nghUe;jtpy;iy. ,) A rhp> R nghUe;JfpwJ.

39. ituk; fhh;gDila GwNtw;Wik tbtq;fSs; xd;whFk;. mjd; fbdj;jd;ikf;fhd fhuzj;ijf; $Wf. 40. fhuzj;ij cWjpg;gLj;Jf.

$w;W (A) : ngU efuq;fspy;> Gtpapd; mbapy; mikf;fg;gl;l fk;gp tlq;fspy;> jputkhf;fg;gl;l FsphpthAf;fs; njspf;fg;gLfpd;wd.

fhuzk; (R) : jputkhf;fg;gl;l Fsphp thAf;fs; jpwd; tPzhtijj; jLf;fpd;wd. m) A jtwhdJ> R rhpahdJ. M) A rhpahdJ> R jtwhdJ. ,) A, R ,uz;Lk; jtwhdJ. <) A rhpahdJ> R> A –I typAWj;JfpwJ.

41. ,lQ;Ropj; jpUg;Gj; jpwid ___ FwpapYk;> tyQ;Ropj; jpUg;Gj;jpwid __ FwpapYk; Fwpg;gpLtJ kuG. 42. nghUj;Jf.

(1) kpd;dOj;j NtWghL (m) $Yk; (2) kpd;Ndhl;lk; (M) Nthy;l; (3) kpd;Dl;lk; (,) Xk; (4) kpd;jilahf;fp (<) epA+l;ld; (c) Mk;gpah;

43. Nfhbl;l ,lq;fis epug;Gf. kpd;cUF ,io _____ cNyhff; fyitahy; Md fk;gp MFk;. ,/J mjpf kpd;jiliaAk; ______ cUF epiyiaAk; nfhz;lJ.

44. nfhLf;fg;gl;Ls;s Mw;wy; %yq;fspy; nghUe;jhj xd;iwf; fz;Lgpbf;f. (#hpa Mw;wy;> ePu;kpd; Mw;wy;> mdy; kpd;Mw;wy;> caphp Mw;wy;)

45. xU Fopnyd;]pd; Ftpaj;Juk; 2 kP. vdpy;> nyd;]pd; jpwd; fhz;f. 46. /gpskpq;fpd; ,lf;if tpjpiaf; $Wf. 47. glj;ij cw;WNehf;fp> fPo;f;fz;ltw;iw epug;Gf.

m) ____ FiwghLfs; fz;. M) ______ nyd;]; gad;;gLj;Jtjd; %yk; ,e;j

Fiwiar; rhp nra;ayhk;.

gpupT – III (kjpg;ngz;fs;: 20) Fwpg;G : i) xt;nthU gphptpypUe;Jk; xU tpdh tPjk; ehd;F tpdhf;fSf;F tpilasp.4x5=20

gFjp - I 48. fyh Foe;ij ngw;Ws;shh;.

m) gpwe;j Foe;ijf;F Kjy; MW khjq;fSf;Fs; toq;f Ntz;ba Neha;j; jLg;G+rp ml;ltizia vOJf.

M) ,j;jLg;G+rpfs; %yk; ve;nje;j Neha;fisj; jLj;jpl ,aYk;? 49. euk;G nry;ypd; mikg;igj; njspthd glj;Jld; ghfq;fisf; Fwpj;J tpsf;Ff.

gFjp - II 50. m) fUTWjypd; tpisthf cUthtJ fdp> fUTWjy; eilngwhky; VNjDk; fdp cUthfpwjh?

M) fdpfs; tifg;ghl;bd; ml;ltizj; jUf. 51. fhpia vhpg;gjpdhy; Vw;gLk; jPik gaf;Fk; nray;fisg; gl;baypLf.

gFjp - III 52. m) INrhNlhg;G vd;why; vd;d?

M) mtfhl;Nuh tpjpapd; gad;fspy; VNjDk; %d;W $Wf. 53. My;f`hy; gUFtjhy; Vw;gLk; jPa tpisTfs; ahit?

gFjp - IV 54. re;jpuhad; -I- d; rhjidfSs; VNjDk; Ie;J vOJf. 55.

m) NkNy cs;s glj;ij kPz;Lk; tiuf. M) ,g;glk; Fwpg;gpLtJ _______ ,) glj;jpy; Kf;fpakhd ghfq;fisf; Fwpf;fTk;. <) ,f;fUtp vj;jj;Jtj;jpd; mbg;gilapy; nray;gLfpwJ?





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