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Modal Verbs
Licda.Vicky
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What are modal verbs?
They are: Can Could May Might Must
Shall Should Will Would
Ought to
Modal verbs are sometimesreferred to as
Modal Auxiliary verbs becausethey help other verbs
They are Auxiliary verbs that
provide additional and specificmeaning to the main verb of the
sentence
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How do we use modals?
Example: Mary could play the piano
SSubject
VVerb
M
They do not accept conjugationThey do not need other auxiliary verbs
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Form
He can ski He can s ski or He can ski sWould you like to come with me?
Do you would like to come with me?They cant be seriousThey dont can be serious
There is no s in singularThere is no do / does in the question
There is no dont / doesnt in the negative
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Form
to can / caning to must /musting
She must studyWe should have gone the other wayHe could play football in his youth (general ability)
Modal verbs do not have infinitives or ing forms
Modal verbs are followed by an infinitive without to
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Form
Modal verbs do not have all the tenses
Modal verbs use other verbs to complete the tensesCan is completed with be able to
Must is completed with have to
They can play the piano
They will be able to play the piano in the future
You must come early
You had to come early yesterday
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What do they express?
To understand it better we are going to divide them into3 categories
1. Single Concept Modal: they have one meaning2. Double Concept Modal: they have two meanings
3. Modals in past : They are used to express a situation inthe past
They can have more than one meaningdepending on the situations
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Single Concept Modal
Modal Concept Examples
Will Future Joe will travel to NY next week
Might Small probability I might move to Canada some day
Should Recommendation You should go to the doctor
Ought to Formal
recommendation
We ought to know about first aids
Had better Warning I had better study or I will fail the test
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Double Concept ModalModal Concept Examples
May (1) Permission May I come in?
May (2) Good probability We may visit Mexico this summer
Must (1) Responsibility Everyone must pay taxes
Must (2) Assumption She didnt arrive. She must be sick
Would (1) Past (used to) When I was young, I would playsoccer
Would (2) Present unreal I would buy the car but I cant affordit
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PROBABILITY/POSSIBILITY
ABILITY PERMISSION OBLIGATION/ADVICE
OFFERS
CAN I can play thepiano
Can I go outtonight?
CANT She cant be his mum.She s too young
I cant speakGerman
Can I borrow thecar? No, I cant.
MIGHT It might rain tomorrow
COULD It could rain tomorrow I could alreadyread when I wastwo
Could I see yourpassport please,sir?
MAY It may rain tomoroww May I leave thetable?
MUST She must be his sisterbecause they lookalike.
You must leavebefore the clockstrikes twelve.
HAVE TO I have to studytonight.
SHALL You shall pay onTuesday
Shall I help you?
SHOULD /OUGHT TO
You should see it.Its excellent.
HAD BETTER You had bettersleep more.
WOULD Would you like adrink?
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Modals in the Past
They are modals referred to actions thathappened in the past
It must have been a difficult decisionThey should have invited her to their wedding
MODAL + HAVE + verb in past participle
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MODAL PERFECT USES EXAMPLES
MUST HAVE + P.P. Conclusin lgica sobre un hecho delpasado
Peter has arrived late. He musthave been in a traffic jam
MAY / MIGHT HAVE + P.P. Una suposicin sobre algo pasado Joe may / might have taken thewrong train.
COULD HAVE + P.P. Habilidad de haber hecho algo perofinalmente no lo hizo
You could have played better
COULDNT HAVE + P.P. Certeza de que algo no pudo habersucedido
He couldnt have passsedbecause you hadnt studiedenough
WOULD HAVE + P.P. Quiso haber hecho algo, pero no pudohacerlo por causas externas
I would have visited you, but Iforgot your address
SHOULD /OUGHT TO HAVE + P.P.
Queja de que algo haya ocurrido en elpasado o lamento de que no se hayacumplido lo que esperbamos
You should / ought to havewarned me earlier
SHOULDNT HAVE + P.P. Crtica sobre un acontecimientopasado que no debera haberocurrido
He shouldnt have told them
NEEDNT HAVE + P.P. No haba necesidad de hacer lo quese hizo en el pasado
You neednt have bought it .
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Modals in Past : Modal + have + past participleModal Concept Example
Would have Past unreal action I would have bought the car, but I didnthave money
Could have Past unreal Ability She could have taken the flight
May have Past unrealPossibility
We may have passed the test, but it was inFrench
Might have Past Unreal SmallProbability
You might have sold the house, if youreally needed the money
Should have Past unrealRecommendation
You should have listened to the doctor
Must have Past unrealAssumption
We must have been crazy!
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A last tip
There are few verbs which often serve as
modals too.These are modal-like verbs
They need to be conjugated
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Practise1. My son ___ be home by now. Where can he be?
a. Have to b. Would c. Should d. Could
2. I think your thumb is broken. You ___ go to the emergency room.
a. Might b. could c. ought to d. can3. If you are interested in losing weight, you ______ try this new diet.
a. Could b. mustnt c. dont have to d. had to
4. Johnnies fallen down the stairs! I ________ call an ambulance!
a. Will b. might c. may d. ought to
5. You _______ come too early. We wont leave until 9 oclock.
a. Has to b. must c. neednt d. cant
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Practise6. Children ________ be accompanied by an adult at the zoo.
a. Ought to b. must c. would d. mustnt
7. You _________ talk during tests. Its forbidden!
a. dont have to b. mustnt c. couldnt d. ought to8. I can feel the heat. We _________ be near the fire.
a. Can b. would c. must d. have to
9. They ________ hear him because he was whispering.
a. Wouldnt b. mustnt c. shouldnt d. couldnt
10. Youve never heard of Britney Spears! You ________ be serious!
a. Must b. had to c. cant d. shouldnt
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More practise
Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have thesame meaning.
1. I suggest that you get a good lawyer!
You ___________________________________________2. A university degree isnt necessary for that job.
You ___________________________________________
3. Perhaps my father will pick you up.
My father _______________________________________
4. 4. Eating is forbidden in class!
You ___________________________________________
should get a lawyer
neednt have a university degree for that job
dont have to have a university
may / might pick you up
mustnt eat in class
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More practise
Re-write the following sentences using modals so that they have thesame meaning.
5. Look at his dirty clothes! Im sure he is a poor person.
He ____________________________________________6. I dont believe that the legend of Hercules is true because therere
many contradictions.
The legend of Hercules ____________________________
must be a poor person
cant be true
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