1. www.auviet.edu.vn BS.CKI Hunh Th Minh TmKhoa Y Trng Trung cp u Vit

2. Mc tiu 1. Nu c khi nim c bn v sc khe v mitrng. 1. Hiu c nh hng ca nhim ca mi trngi vi sc khe tr em theo T chc Y t Th gii(WHO). 3. Trnh by nhng mi e da ca mi trng i visc khe tr em Trnh by c cc nguyn tc bo v mi trng vnhng ni dung ci thin sc khe tr em v khuynkhch bo v mi trng 3. I. I CNG1. Mi trng vi sc khe tr em Theo T chc Y t Th gii 1/3 bnh bng pht tr em ton cu l do bin i cc yu t v khng kh, t, nc v thc phm; 34% tr em b bnh v 36% tr em di 14 tui b cht trn th gii l do bin i cc yu t v mi trng; 4. Mi trng vi sc khe tr em (tt)5 triu tr em cht do bnh c lin quan ti nhim khng kh; T l mc hen ton cu tng gp i trong15 nm qua do tng nhim mi trng. Cc thm ha thin nhin nh lc xoy, chyln c th gy sang chn tm thn mnh vitr em khi cc em phi chng kin cnh mt ingi thn, nh ca b tn ph, mc cc bnhnhim khun... 5. Mi trng vi sc khe tr em (tt)khong 1,6 triu tr b tiu chy, ch yu dongun nc khng an ton v iu kin vsinh km. khong 1 triu tr t vong mi nm, donhim trng ng h hp cp tnh dokhng kh b nhim (thng lin quann vic s dng rng ri cc nhin liu sinhkh) Khong 1 triu tr di 5 tui t vong minm do bnh st rt( ch yu l chu Phi). 6. 1. Mt s khi nim 1. SC KHE.( WHO) L trng thi thoi mi v th cht v tinh thn v x hi ch khng phi n thun l tnh trng khng c bnh, tt. 7. 2. Mi trng l g? Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v yu t vt cht nhn to quan h mt thit vi nhau, bao quanh con ngi, c nh hng ti i sng, sn xut, s tn ti, pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin.(Theo iu 1, Lut Bo v Mi trng ca Vit Nam). 8. 3. Hot ng bo v mi trngL hot ng gi cho mi trng trong lnh, sch p;Phng nga, hn ch tc ng xu vi mi trng, ng ph s c mi trng ;Khc phc nhim , suy thoi, phc hi v ci thin mi trng ;Khai thc s dng hp l v tit kim ti nguyn thin nhin; bo v a dng sinh hc. 9. 4. Tiu chun mi trng: L gii hn cho php cc thng s v:cht lng mi trng xung quanh, hm lng ca cht gy nhim trong cht thi, c c quan nh nc c thm quyn qui nh lm cn c bo v mi trng. 10. 5. nhim mi trng. L s bin i ca cc thnh phn mi trng khng ph hp vi tiu chun mi trng, gy nh hng xu n con ngi v sinh vt. 11. II. Mi trng sng ca con ngi theochc nng c chia thnh cc loi:1. Mi trng t nhin bao gm: nh sng mt tri, ni sng, bin c, khng kh, ng, thc vt, t, nc... 12. nh sng mt tri, ni sng, bin c,khng kh, ng, thc vt, t, nc... Mi trng t nhin cho ta khng kh th, t xy dng nh ca, trng cy, chnnui, cung cp cho con ngi cc loi tinguyn khong sn cn cho sn xut, tiuth L ni cha ng, ng ho cc cht thi, Cung cp cho ta cnh p gii tr, lmcho cuc sng con ngi thm phong ph. 13. 2. Mi trng x hi L tng th cc quan h gia ngi vi ngi. Gm nhng lut l, th ch, cam kt, quy nh... cc cp khc nhau nh: Lin Hp Quc, Hip hi cc nc, quc gia, tnh, huyn, c quan, lng x, h tc, gia nh, t nhm, cc t chc tn gio, t chc on th,... Mi trng x hi to nn sc mnh tp th thun li cho s pht trin, lm cho cuc sng ca con ngi khc vi cc sinh vt khc. 14. 3. Mi trng nhn to Bao gm tt c cc nhn t do con ngi to nn lm thnh nhng tin nghi trong cuc sng, nh: t, my bay, nh , cng s, cc khu vc th, cng vin nhn to...Tm li, mi trng l tt c nhng g c xung quanh ta, cho ta c s sng v pht trin. 15. III. Cc yu t nh hng n sckhe con ngi Yu t di truyn Dch v y t Li sng Mi trng 16. Yu t di truyn 17. Dch v y t 18. Li sng 19. Mi trng 20. 5. Cc chc nng c bn ca mitrng:MT l khng gian sng ca con ngi v cc loi sinhvt. MT l ni cung cp ti nguyn cn thit cho cuc sngv hot ng sn xut ca con ngi. MT l ni cha ng cc cht ph thi do con ngito ra trong cuc sng v hot ng sn xut ca mnh. MT l ni gim nh cc tc ng c hi ca thin nhinti con ngi v sinh vt trn tri t. MT l ni lu tr v cung cp thng tin cho con ngi. 21. IV. Nhng nh hng ca mi trng nhim . nhim khng kh trong nh v ngoi tri, Ngun nc b nhim, iu kin v sinh km, Mi nguy him t cc cht c hi, Vt truyn bnh, Tia cc tm v h sinh thi b suy thoi l nhng yu t nguy c quan trng i vi sc kho tr em 22. nhim MT l nguyn nhn chnh linquan n nhng bnh tt v di chng. Mi trng nhim l nguyn nhn cabnh tt v li di chng do cc bnh h hp cptnh, bnh tiu chy, thng hn Tai nn/thng tch, Ng c v nhim trng chu sinh. 23. nhim MT l nguyn nhn chnh lin quan nnhng ca t vong tr em di 5 tuiTheo c tnh WHO, mi nm bnh tiu chy gy tvong cho khong 1,6 triu tr, ch yu do ngun nckhng an ton v iu kin v sinh km. Khng kh trong nh b nhim (thng lin quann vic s dng rng ri cc nhin liu sinh kh) gy t vong cho khong 1 triu tr mi nm, ch yu donhim trng ng h hp cp tnh. Tnh trng nhiu tr b st rt gy t vong cho khong 1triu tr di 5 tui mi nm, ch yu l chu Phi. 24. Nhng nh hng ca mi trng i vi sc kho c th din ra t trc khi a tr c sinh ra. Lng ch trong khng kh, Thu ngn trong thc phm v Cc ho cht khc c th dn n nhng tc hi lu di, chng hn nh v sinh, sy thai v cc d tt bm sinh. Ph n tip xc vi thuc tr su, cht dung mi v cc cht nhim hu c trong mt thi gian di c th nh hng n sc kho ca thai nhi. 25. Ph n mang thai phi lm vic trong mitrng c hi, cc b m ngho v nhng a con ca hc nguy c cao hn trc nhng nh hngxu ca mi trng, khi h phi thngxuyn tip xc vi mi trng b nhim v h thng khng thc c v nhngtc hi ca mi trng i vi sc kho 26. V. YU T NGUY C MI TRNG1. Ba ln sng sc khe MT trn th gii Khng hong sc khe mi trng chu u (TK19): nhim nc, thcphm, CM CN nhim khng kh Gia th k 20: phong tro MT sinh thi Cui TK20 ( 1980 1990) : thay i khhu, tri t nng ln, l thng tngzn 27. 2. Nhng mi nguy him mi trngtruyn thng. i ngho, lc hu Thiu: nc sch, cng trnh VS nhim: thc phm, khng kh, rcthi Thm ha thin nhin: l lt, hnhn, v.v Dch bnh (do trung gian truynbnh) 28. 3.Nhng mi nguy him t mitrng hin i Lin quan ti s pht trin nhanh, thiu chin lc nhim do nc thi CN, thuc tr su, kh thi ,phng tin giao thng Cc cht c hi. S xut hin dch bnh mi SART, HINI, H5N1... Ph rng bin ng sinh thi ton cu Thay i kh hu, l thng tng zn nhim sanh bin gii. Tng dn s 29. 4. Tc ng tng dn s, th ha, cng nghipha ln mi trng sc khe4.1. T l tng dn s VN l 1,18%(2006). 85 triu ngi: Tc d GDP gii tng 7% nm , duy tr lin tc n 2010. Nhu cu v nc, lng thc, sn phm v.v. gia tng Nu GDP tng gp i lng cht thi tng 3-5 ln. Khai thc ti nguyn phc v cho pht trin tng, nukhng qun l tt s b suy thoi.4.2. Di dn t nng thn ra thnh th: C s h tng khng pht trin kp nhim khng kh (bi, ting n, kh thi c hi) 30. V. nh hng c bn cho mtmi trng lnh mnh Khng kh trong sch Nc sch Thc phm v an ton 31. 1. Nhng vn SKMT Vit Nam Mi trng xung cp Trng b tn ph a dng sinh hc gim Cht lng ngun nc xung cp MT th, khu CN, nng thn tip tc nhim nng n S c mi trng tng mnh 32. 2. Nhng tn ti trong cng tcbo v mi trng Cng tc phng nga v hn ch cc tcng xu i vi mi trng cha tt Con ngi cha c thc BVMT 33. 3. Nguyn tc bo v mi trng Bo v MT gn kt vi pht trin kinh t (quc gia,ton cu) L s nghip ca ton x hi, t chc, h gia nh,c nhn. Thng xuyn ci thin cht lng MT Ph hp vi qui lut t nhin, vn ha, lch s cat nc trong tng giai on T chc h gia nh, c nhn c trch nhim khcphc hu qu theo qui nh php lut. 34. Nhng hot ng bo v mi trngc khuyn khch. Tuyn truyn ton dn tham gia bo v mitrng Bo v v sd hp l ti nguyn thin nhin Gim thiu thu gom ti ch, ti s dng chtthi Pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti to Gim thiu hiu ng nh knh, bo v tngozn Sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm thn thinvi mi trng 35. 4. Ci thin tnh trng sc khe tr em Cn gii quyt tn gc cc vn v mi trng (gim thiu cc tc hi xu ca mi trng i vi sc kho ca tr em),Truyn thng cho cc i tng (cc b m) v cc bin php phng chng v hn ch nhng nh hng xu ca mi trng , To iu kin cc b m c th d dng tip cn vi cc thng tin khi h cn 36. Cu hi lng giA. Chn cu tr li ng nht1. nh ngha v mi trng:A. Mi trng bao gm cc yu t t nhin v yut vt cht nhn to.B. Cc yu t ny khng quan h mt thit vinhau,C. Cc yu t ny quan h mt thit vi nhau, baoquanh con ngi,D. Mi trng nh hng ti i sng, sn xut, stn ti, pht trin ca con ngi v thin nhin.E. Cu A, C v D.F. Cu A, B, C v D 37. 2. Mi trng sng ca con ngi theochc nng c chia thnh cc loi:A. Mi trng t nhin:B. Mi trng x hiC. Mi trng nhn toD. Khng phi A, B, v CE. Gm A, B v C 38. 3. Mi trng t nhin bao gm:A. nh sng mt tri,B. ni sng, bin c, khng kh,C. ng, thc vt,D. t, nc... 39. 4. Cc yu t to nn mi trng tnhin:A. Mi trng t nhin cho ta khng kh th;B. t xy dng nh ca, trng cy, chn nui, cc loi ti nguyn khong sn cn cho sn xut, tiu th ;C. L ni cha ng, ng ho cc cht thi, v cho ta cnh p gii tr, lm cho cuc sng con ngi thm phong ph;D. Gm A, C;E. Gm A, B, C. 40. 5. Mi trng x hi, bao gm:A. L tng th cc quan h gia ngi vi ngi;B. Mi trng x hi to nn sc mnh tp th thun li cho s pht trin;C. MT x hi lm cho cuc sng ca con ngi khc vi cc sinh vt khc;D. Khng phi cc yu t trn;E. Bao gm A, B, C . 41. 6. Mi trng nhn to, bao gm: A. Bao gm tt c cc nhn t do con ngi to nn; B. Gip cho con ngi nhng tin nghi trong cuc sng tn ti khe mnh v pht trin; C. Nhng tin nghi trong cuc sng gip con ngi nng cao cht lng sng. D. Mi trng nhn to l tt c nhng g c xung quanh ta, cho ta c s sng v pht trin; E. Gm A, B v C. 42. 7. Cc yu t nh hng n sckhe tr em, bao gm: A. Yu t di truyn, li sng; B. Mi trng C. Dch v y tD. Gm B, C. E. Gm A, B, v C 43. 8. nhim mi trng t nhin, baogm: A. nhim khng kh trong nh v ngoi tri, ngun nc b nhim, iu kin v sinh km; B. Mi nguy him t cc cht c hi, vt truyn bnh; D. Tia cc tm v h sinh thi b suy thoi E. Gm A, B; E. Gm A, B v C. 44. 9. Nhng m t sau y v ba ln sng sckhe Mi trng trn th gii u ng, tr?A. Khng hong sc khe mi trng chu u (TK19): nhim nc, thc phm, CM CN nhim khng khB. nh hng c bn cho mt mi trng lnh mch.C. Gia th k 20: phong tro MT sinh thiD. Cui TK20 ( 1980 1990) : thay i kh hu, tri t nng ln, l thng tng zn 45. 10. Mi nguy him ca nhim mitrng truyn thng u ng, tr? A. i ngho, lc hu; thiu ncsch,thiu cng trnh v sinh A. nhim: thc phm, khng kh, rcthi B. Thm ha thin nhin: l lt, hn hn v.v C. Cc dch bnh mi xut hin : SARS,H5N1, H1N1 D. Dch bnh (do trung gian truyn bnh) 46. 10. Mi nguy him ca nhim mitrng hin i u ng, tr?A. nhim do nc thi CN, thuc tr su, cc cht c hi, kh thi B. S xut hin dch bnh mi SART, HINI, H5N1...C. Ph rng bin ng sinh thi ton cu; thay i kh hu, l thng tng znD. nhim sang bin gii; tng dn sE. Dch bnh do trung gian truyn bnh. 47. 11. Cc m t sau caT chc Y t Th giiv sc khe tr em do nhim mi trng ung tr?A. 1/3 bnh bng pht tr em ton cu l do bin i cc yu t v khng kh, t, nc v thc phm;B. 34% tr em b bnh v 6% tr em di 14 tui b cht trn th gii l do mi trng;C. 5 triu tr em cht do bnh c lin quan ti nhim khng kh;D. T l mc hen ton cu tng gp i trong 15 nm qua do tng nhim mi trng.E. Cc thm ha thin nhin th gy sang chn tm thn mnh vi tr em 48. 12. Cc nguyn tc bo v mi trng ung, tr?A. Bo v MT gn kt vi pht trin kinh t (quc gia, ton cu);B. L s nghip ca ton x hi, t chc, h gia nh, c nhn;C. Thng xuyn ci thin cht lng MTD. Ph hp vi trnh vn ha, lch s ca t nc trong tng giai on.E. T chc h gia nh, c nhn c trch nhim khc phc hu qu theo qui nh php lut. 49. 13. Nhng hot ng bo v mitrng c khuyn khchA. Tuyn truyn ton dn tham gia bo v mi trng;B. Bo v v sd hp l ti nguyn thin nhinC. Tng cng thu gom, ti ch, ti s dng cht thi.D. Pht trin nng lng sch, nng lng ti toE. Gim thiu hiu ng nh knh, bo v tng oznF. Sn xut, kinh doanh cc sn phm thn thin vi mi trng