Multilayered Semantic Frame Analysis (MSFA) 를 이용한 논술 프레임 연구 계획서

2005 WINTER / AN, DONGGUN

MSFA IN NICT

WHAT IS MSFA?

+Multilayered Semantic Frame Analysis+Frame work for both semantic analysis and annotation+Inspired by the Berkeley FrameNet+Specification of sentence: an integration of multiple semantic frame+Based on real text+Annotation to reveal what is really understood

+Importance of the lexical semantic analysis+Recent NLP community is eager to semantic information+Examples of Frameworks: Berkeley FrameNet, PropBank+Problems of These Frameworks are not satisfactory of developing a semantically tagged corpus for Japanese. +MSA are satisfactory of that purpose.

WHY MSFA?

MSFA IN NICT

+Human understanding is situational driven.+Situation serves cognitive models. +Cognitive model can be specified semantic frames :: Situation-parameterized states of affairs :: Semantic frames-mental structure/models

ASSUMPTION THAT GUIDES MSFA

Human Understanding

Cognitive ModelSituation Semantic Frames

MSFA IN NICT

+ i) A frame index (Fi ) ii) F-to-F relation iii) Frame name/identifier (e.g., “Title Giving”)+Governors: Predicates like verbs and prepositions (names frames) +Evokers: Nominal or adjectival frame-evoking elements+Extenders: Elements that extend the function of governors

MSFA TERMINOLOGY AND NOTION

MSFA IN NICT

+Ability to reveal links from language to world knowledge =Communicative language ability (Bachman, 1990) :: function 1_lexicon items ontological knowledge base :: function 2_knowledge interpretation of a sentence

+Ability to integrated lexical semantic analysis and semantic annotation+Ability to provide cross-linguistically compatible description+Ability to encode many kinds of lexical semantic phenomena :: Book realizes such roles as: a. <PIECE OF WORK> in <TITLE GIVING> b. <BOOK>(as a <PIECE OF WORK>) in <BOOK WRITING> c. <BOOK>(as <INFORMATIVE CARRIER>) in <READING> d. <PUBLICATION> in <PUBLISHING> e. <GOODS> in <SELLING>and <BUTYING> f. <FUN SOURCE> in <FUN HAVING>

POINTS THAT MSFA MAKES

MSFA IN NICT

+ Aims to help solve the problem of poly-semy 제 2 외국어 습득 이용 가능성 :: a book of stamps :: accounting books :: a book as a chapter of a large book :: cook the books :: throw the book at someone

He’s collected stamps for many years to have thousands books of them, now occupying a room.

+Aspect selected by predicates

X1 collected Y1---------------------------X1:<COLLECTOR>, Y1:<COLLECTION> X2 have Y2--------------------------------X2:<OWNER>, Y2: <POSSESSION> X3 occupy Y3-----------------------------Y3:<SPACE>

DEALING WITH POLYSEMY

MSFA IN NICT

+Syntax-semantics mapping => Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP)+Intuition demanding :: Only native speaker :: Commonsense Commonsense is not a simple thing. A immense society of hardened practical ideas- multitudes of life-learned rules and exceptions, dispositions and tendencies, balances and checks Society of Mind, Marvin Minsky 1988

SHORTCOMINGS OF MSFA

MARVIN MINSKYTHE REALMS OF THE THOUFHT

+Paranomes :: Higher level conceptual-frames are parallel arrays of analogous frames :: Mary gives Jack the kites

InstrumentOrigin

Actor Object

Destination

PHYSICAL

POSSESSIONAL

PHYCHOLOGICAL

Mary’s hand

Jack’s hand

Mary’s estate

Jack’s estate

Mary’s disposition

Jack’s disposition

MARVIN MINSKYTHE REALMS OF THE THOUFHT

+ :: A book titled the inside white house will go on sale in the U.S on January 14. :: Cross-realm correspondences

Agent Patient

Purpose Evoker

Governor

AUTHORING

HAVING FUN

PUBLISHING

Author

Object

Enjoyer

Fun Source

Publisher

Publication

Parallel Distributed Processing (PDP)

MSFA IN LINGUISTICS

Components of communicative language ability in communicative language use (Bachman 1990)

Knowledge StructureKnowledge of the world

Language CompetenceKnowledge of the language

Psychological Mechanisms

Strategic Competence

Context ofSituation

Communicative Competence

+Grammatical Competence Knowledge of lexical items and rules of morphology, syntax, grammar, semantics, phonology

+Discourse Competence Ability we have to for a meaningful whole out of series of utterances. It is concerned with inter sentential relationship.

+Sociolinguistics Competence Understanding of the social context in which language is used the information they share, and the function of the interaction.

MSFA IN LINGUISTICS

Language Competence

GrammaticalCompetence

Pragmatic CompetenceOrganizing Competence

Textual Competence

IllocutionaryCompetence

SociolinguisticCompetence

Vocabulary

Morphology

Syntax

Phonology/Graphology

Cohesion

RhetoricalOrganization

IdeationalFunctions

ManipulativeFunctions

HeuristicFunctions

ImaginativeFunctions

Sensitivity toDialect or Variety

Sensitivityto Register

Sensitivityto Naturalness

Cultural Referencesand Figures of speech

Components of language competence (Bachman 1990)

PLANING

MSFA 를 이용하여50 개의 문장 분석 및

프레임 설정

프레임간의 관계성 구축통한 MSFA 샘플 완성

MSFA 를 통한논술 작성 매뉴얼 완성

MSFA 를 통한논술작성 매뉴얼 작성

주제선정 및 논술 예문 ,신문 기사 코퍼스

예문 분석 샘플의 역이용논술 쓰기 매뉴얼 구축

Syntax 를 더한논술작성 매뉴얼 작성

GOVERNOR 와 프레임요소들 간에 Feature

Checking 도입

일관성 있는 프레임 요소Feature Checking

시스템 개발

프레임과 프레임간의 구조적 Tress 분석

Syntax 를 더한 논술 매뉴얼 완성

일관성 있고 체계 있는F-to-F Tree 체계 수립

한국어와 영어의 텍스트 프레임 연구

연구 1_ 번역 문장 분석을 통한 언어프레임 비교

Korea Times 와 한국 기사문장 분석 및 프레임 비교

연구 2_ 독립된 문장 분석을통한 인지 프레임 비교

영어권 나라의 기사와한국기사 ( 독립된 기사 )문장 분석 및 프레임 비교

MSFA 를 통한 한국어와영어의 언어 프레임 및

인지 프레임 시스템 완성

동화책과 유아 글쓰기를 통한 metaphor 추출

선택된 문장의 프레임분석 및 선정

Metaphor 의 MSFA 샘플시스템 완성

완성된 샘플을 통하여유아의 구별된

인지 프레임 분석

유아 인지 프레임 통한유아 컨텐츠의 방향제시

유아교육 컨텐츠를 위한Metaphor 의 MSFA 구축

MSFA SAMPLE 1_ 영어조기교육아이스푼

유치원 어린이

원어 민 , 교포교사

쿠킹클래스아트 & 크래프트

미술실 , 쿠킹룸

지도하고

를

있다 .

영어

월요일 ~ 금요일

에서

에서는

가

들을

를 통하여

까지

Institution

F1: Educating

Receiver

Educator

Place

Time

Instructing Objective

F6: Organizing Course

Organizer

Course

Receiver

Time

Place

Purpose

F2: Writing

Writer

Composition

Teacher

Time

Place

F3: Speaking

Speaker

Listener

Utterance

Time

Place

F4: Listening

Listener

Speaker

Dialog

Time

Place

F5: Reading

F7: Testing

Reader

Text

Teacher

Time

Place

Strategy

Strategy

Strategy

Examinee

Examiner

Score

Time

Place

Purpose

F8: Having Fun

F9: Having Stress

Enjoyer

Provider

Fun Source

Strategy

Time

Place

Purpose

Sufferer

Provider

Stress Source

Strategy

Time

Place

Purpose

Frame ID F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8 F9

Frame Educating Writing Speaking Listening ReadingOrganizing Course

Testing Having FunHaving Stress

F-to-F presupposesconstitute

sconstitutes

presupposes

presupposes

elaborate F1

presuppose

　 　

relations F6 F12 F11 F3 F2 　 F1 　 　

　 　 　 presupposes

　 　 　 　 　 　

　 　 　 F4 　 　 　 　 　 　

영어교육센터 Institution 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

　아이스푼 Name 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

에서는 MARKER 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

유치원어린이들 Receiver Writer Speaker 　 Listener 　 Reader 　 ReceiverExaminee

　 Enjoyer 　 Sufferer 　

에게 MARKER 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

원어민과 교포교사 Educator Teacher Listener Speaker Teacher Organizer Examiner Provider Provider

가 MARKER 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

영어 InstructingCompositio

nUtterance Dialog Text Course Score Fun Source

Stress Source

　 Objective 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

를 MARKER 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

지도하고 InstructingCompositio

n.Language. Dialog. Text. Subject. Score. Fun Source.

Stress Source.

　 Objective. attribute attribute attribute attribute attribute attribute attribute attribute

　 attribute 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

있다 . EXTENDER 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

쿠킹클래스 , 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Strategy 　

아트 & 크래프트 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

를 통하여 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 MARKER 　

월요일에서 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 Time 　

금요일까지 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

쿠킹룸 　 　 　 　 　 　 Place 　

미술실 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

에서 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 MARKER 　

MSFA SAMPLE 1_ 영어교육 IN U.S

Most immigrants want their children to learn English because they know that is the road to living the American dream.

Our laws require that naturalized citizens must demonstrate "the ability to read, write, and speakwords in ordinary usage in the English language." We hope all immigrants realize that they can't become Americans unless they speak English.

The law requires that if more than 5 percent or more than 10,000 of voting-age citizens in a county don't speak English, the county must follow the language-access provisions of the Voting Rights Act and translate election materials into their language.

That's no surprise, educators say, because these districts have a disproportionate share of poverty, inexperienced teachers and children for whom English is a second language.

The adults deemed illiterate in English include people who may be fluent in Spanish or another language but cannot comprehend English text at its most simple level.

MSFA SAMPLE 1_ 영어교육 IN U.S

Immigrant

F1: Immigrating F2: Home schooling F3: Nationalizing F4: Dreaming

F5: Translating F6: Requiring F7: Voting F8: Using

Nationality

Country

Teacher

Students

Subjects

PlacePurpose

Requirement

Citizen

Country

Requirement

Purpose

Dreamer

Place

Means

Contents

Purpose Time Purpose

Signifier

Signifiant

Purpose

Reason

Time

Demander

Object

Applicant

Purpose

Place

Voter

Object

Place

Time

Purpose

Object

Means

User

Purpose

Place

MSFA SAMPLE 2_ 줄기세포황우석교수는

오염사고로

줄기세포

훼손되자

2,3 번

6 개의

줄기세포를

반환 받았고

줄기세포를

6 개가

미즈메디 병원에

냉동 보관 중이던

추가로

수립해

사이언스에

논문을

제출했다고

말했다 .

F1: Conditioning

F2: Safekeeping

Checker

Object

Result

Reason of result

The number of object

Place

Time

Keeper

Object

Process

Figure of object

Place

Time

Reason

F3: Recovering

F8: Interviewing

Giver

Receiver

Object

Reason

Time

Place

Interviewer

Interviewee

Subject

Time

Place

Purpose

F4: Making

F5: re-Making

Maker

Object

The number of object

Purpose

Time

Place

re-Maker

Object

Reason

Purpose

Time

Place

F4: Writing Paper

Author

Theme

Purpose

Time

Place

Journal Name

F4: Submitting Paper

Presenter

Author

Subject of paper

Journal Name

Time

Place

The number of object

　 F1 F2 F3 F4 F5 F6 F7 F8

F-F Relations

presupposes F2

elaborates F1Presupposes

F1; elaborates F1

constitutes F1, F2

presupposes F4;

presupposes F1,2,4Presupposes

F6　

FrameConditionin

gSafekeeping Recovering Making re-Making Writing Paper

Submitting Paper

Interviewing

황우석교수 Checker Keeper Receiver Maker re-Maker Author PresenterInterviewe

e

는 MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER MARKER

줄기세포 Object for Checking

Object for Keeping

　 Object for being Made

　 Subject

* Figure 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

6 개 Number Number 　 Number 　 　 　

가 MARKER MARKER 　 MARKER 　 　 　

* Time 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

오염사고 Reason 　 Reason 　 Reason 　 　 　

로 MARKER 　 MARKER 　 MARKER 　 　 　

훼손되자 GOVERNOR 　 　 　 　 　 　 　

미즈메디 병원에 Place Giver 　 　 　 　 　

냉동 　 Process 　 　 　 　 　 　

보관 중이던 　 GOVERNOR 　 　 　 　 　 　

2,3 번 Figure 　 　 　 　 　 　

줄기세포 　 Object for Keeping

Object for Recovering

Object for being Made

　 　 　 　

를 　 MARKER MARKER MARKER 　 　 　 　

반환 받았고 　 　 GOVERNOR 　 　 　 　 　

6 개의 　 　 　 　 Number 　 　 　

줄기세포를 　 　 　 Object for re-Making

Theme of PaperTheme of

PaperSubject

추가로 　 　 　 　 GOVERNOR 　 　 　

수립해 　 　 　 　 　 GOVERNOR 　 　

사이언스에 　 　 　 　 　 Journal Name Journal Name 　

논문을 　 　 　 　 　 Paper Paper 　

제출했다고 　 　 　 　 　 GOVERNOR GOVERNOR 　

말했다 . 　 　 　 　 　 　 　 GOVERNOR

CP C’ C TP DP T’ T vP v VP V PP P NP N PP P DP D NP N PP P NP

e

e

D NPThe

N CP Book [work] [object][publication] [goods]

titled “the inside White house [titlegiving : uwork] [namegiving: uobject]

will

go

on[publishing:upublication][selling: ugoods]

sail

in

the

U.S

on January 14

thethe

bookbook

titledtitled

the inside white housethe inside white house

willwill

gogo

onon

sailsail

In the U.S In the U.S

on January 14on January 14

SYNTAX_FEATURE CHECKING

SYNTAX_F RELATION TREE

thethe

bookbook

titledtitled

the inside white housethe inside white house

willwill

gogo

onon

sailsail

In the U.S In the U.S

on January 14on January 14

F5Publishing [presuppose F3]

F3Writing[constitutes F5][elaborate F4]

F6Selling[constitutes F5][presupposes F4,F7]

F1Title Giving [constitutes F3] [elaborates F2]

F12Disclosure [constitutes F3, F5]

F4Authoring

F1Title Giving

F7Purchsing [presupposes F6] [elaborates F9]

F9Reading[presuppose F5]

F10Having Fun

SCHEDULEYear 2006

Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8

영어조기교육 관련기사 및 논술 예문분석 및 MSFA 샘플구축

논술주제 정립 : 영어조기교육

신문기사 및 논술예문 선정 (50sentences)

선정된 문장 분석 및 프레임 설정

선정된 각 문장 속 프레임간의 관계성 수립

선정된 50 문장의 MSFA 샘플 완성

MSFA 샘플을 통한논술 작성 매뉴얼제작

MSFA 샘플 정밀 분석 및 조합

체계적인 프레임 수립 관계성 정리

예문분석의 역이용 _ 문장 쓰기에 이용할 수 있는 매뉴얼 구축

Syntax 를 더한논술 매뉴얼 작성

GOVERNOR 와 프레임 요소들 사이에 Feature Checking 도입

Feature Checking 의 일관성 있는 시스템 개발

Frame 간의 관계 Tree 구조 정립

한국어와 영어의 텍스트 프레임 비교

한국기사를 실은 Korea Times 의 영어문장 50 개 추출

추출된 50 개 문장의 한국어 번역 본 기사 찾기

선정된 문장 ( 영문 , 번역문 ) 분석 및 프레임 설정

선정된 문장들의 MSFA 샘플 완성

한국어와 영어의 MSFA 프레임과 관계성 비교연구

유아교육 컨텐츠제작을 위한 MSFA 적용Metaphor 분석

유아의 글쓰기 샘플을 통하여 metaphor 포함된 문장 추출

동화책을 이용하여 metaphor 포함된 문장 추출

선정된 문장의 프레임 설정 및 관계성 분석

Metaphor 를 중심으로 MSFA 샘플 구축

MSFA 샘플을 토대로 유아의 인지 파악 매뉴얼 작성

매뉴얼을 통하여 유아 교육 컨텐츠 제작의 방향성 제시