NHN CCHPHM PHNG THO

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NHAN CACHNOI DUNG

Khai niem nhan cachS hnh thanh va phat trien nhan cachCau truc nhan cach

I-KHAI NIEM NHAN CACH 1-CAC KHAI NIEM LIEN QUAN NHAN CACH

1.1-Con ngi1.2-Ca nhan1.3-Ca tnh1.4-Chu the

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchT nm 1949, c 50 nh ngha khc nhau v nhn cch.

G.AllponNgy nay, c ti hng trm nh ngha.

PGS. TS. Trn Trng Thu

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchTnh cch ca con ngi chu nh hng ca ng hnh v chia ra loi ngi: Kim, Ho, Th, Mc, Thu.

Ngi mnh Kim n c ngha kh, nu Kim vng th tnh cch cng trc.

Ngi mnh Ho th l ngha, i vi mi ngi nh nhn, l , thch ni l lun; nhng nu Ho vng th nng ny, vi v, d hng vic.

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchNgi mnh Th trng ch tn, ni l lm; nu Th vng th hay trm tnh, khng nng ng, d b thi c.

Ngi mnh Mc hin t, lng thin, lng; Mc vng th tnh cch bt khut.

Ngi mnh Thu th khc khuu, quanh co, nhng thng sut; nu Thu vng th tnh tnh hung bo, d gy tai ho.

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchNgi phng ng nh gi con ngi qua cht l ch yu, lng l ph. Ngi phng ng ly Tm thin l l tng, cao s hi ha trong cc mi quan h. Phng Ty tn sng tin b, tn sng vn minh vt cht, cao s thnh t ca c nhn.

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchNgi phng ng cao tnh thin, tnh nhn, thch s im lng, nh nhng, cao s cn bng khng thi qu. Mi tu nhn, x th, chnh tr u hng ti Thin. Bit l giu, gin d vt cht, gin d trong ni tm, trong ngn t, trong quan h vi mi ngi.

2. Cc quan im v nhn cchKhng T: Nhn, Ngha, L, Tr, Tn. Trong Nhn l gc v ch c ngi i nhn mi c Nhn.

PGS. Nguyn Ngc Bch v GS.Trn Vn Giu: Yu nc, cn c, anh hng, lc quan, sng to, thng ngi, v ngha.

V a thm s thch ng, ho nhp vi ngi khc trong v ngoi cng ng ca mnh, ho nhp vi thin nhin

2. Cc quan im v nhn cch Phn tm hc v nhn cchCi y, ci ti v ci siu ti, tng ng vi v thc, thc v siu thc.C ba khi ny theo nguyn tc chung l trng thi thng bng tng i: Con ngi lc y trng thi bnh thng.

[Freud (1856 - 1939)]

2. Cc quan im v nhn cch Phn tm hc v nhn cchKhi v thc l khi bn nng, trong bn nng tnh dc gi v tr trung tm. Khi v thc (id) l thng nng lng tm thn cht cha nhng kht vng bn nng si sc. Hot ng ca khi v thc theo nguyn tc khoi cm i hi s tho mn ngay lp tc nhng kht vng bn nng, l ci ngm ngm iu khin, iu chnh hnh vi con ngi

2. Cc quan im v nhn cch Phn tm hc v nhn cchKhi thc: ci ti (ego): Hnh thnh do p lc thc ti bn ngoi n ton b khi bn nng. m bo cc chc nng tm l nh ch , tr nhHot ng ca ci ti theo nguyn tc thc ti. Nhim v ca ci ti l lm cho ci y tho mn m khng lm tn hi n c th, lm gim s cng thng mt cch tt nht.

2. Cc quan im v nhn cch Phn tm hc v nhn cchSiu ti (super ego): T chc bn trongBao gm tt c phm tr x hi, o c, ngh thut, gio dc. Ci siu ti th hin s dy d, quy nh ca b m, th hin trong truyn thng ca th h trc truyn li. Siu ti hot ng theo nguyn tc kim duyt

I-KHAI NIEM NHAN CACH3. NHAN CACH LA G?Nhn cch l con ngi mang thcGia tr xa hoiBan chat xa hoiGia tr lam ngi cua con ngiTong hoa cac moi quan he xa hoiao c va tai nang

3- NHAN CACH LA G?

Nhn cch nh l b mt ca tng ngi, ni ln lp trng th gii quan ca ngi y Rubinstein

3- NHAN CACH LA G?

Nhn cch l t hp nhng c im, nhng thuc tnh tm l ca c nhn, biu hin bn sc v gi tr x hi ca con ngi.Nhn cch l s tng ho khng phi cc c im c th ca con ngi m ch l nhng c im quy nh con ngi nh l mt thnh vin ca x hi, ni ln b mt tm l - x hi, gi tr v ct cch lm ngi ca mi c nhn.Nguyn Quan Un

3- NHAN CACH LA G?

a tr mi ra i cha c nhn cch. Nhn cch s hnh thnh trong giao tip vi ngi khc. C nhn cch tin b v nhn cch phn ng, nhn cch lnh mnh v nhn cch m yu. Nhn cch loi A v nhn cch loi B

I-KHAI NIEM NHAN CACH(tt)4- AC IEM NHAN CACH4.1-Tnh on nh4.2-Tnh thong nhat4.3-Ban chat xa hoi4.4-Chc nang xa hoi

II-S HNH THANH VA PHAT TRIEN NHAN CACH1-Bam sinh di truyen: Tien e2-Giao duc: chu ao3-Hoat ong: quyet nh4-Giao tiep: quyet nh

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACH1-XU HNG:Nhu cauHng thuLy tng The gii quanNiem tin

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACH2.TNH CACH:

-Thai o ben trong -c bieu hien ra ngoai thong qua cac hanh vi c ch

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHMoi quan he gia noi dung va hnh thc cua tnh cach:NOI DUNGHNH THCTot TotTot XauXau Tot Xau Xau

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACH 3.NANG LC: tai

CAC MC O NANG LC: Nang lcTai nangThien tai

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACH(tt)

4.KH CHAT: do kieu than kinhhng phan - c chelinh hoat - khong linh hoatmanh yeu

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACH(tt)4.KH CHAT: 4.1.Hang hai: manh, can bang, linh hoat4.2.Bnh than: manh, can bang, khong linh hoat4.3.Nong nay: manh, khong can bang4.4.u t: yeu

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHKh cht hng hi: Kiu thn kinh mnh, cn bng, linh hotNhn thc nhanhCi m, lc quan, t tin Nhanh nhn, hot bt, d thch nghiKhng su sc, khng cn thnKhng kin nhn, d chn, d qun, d b d cng vic gia chng Giao tip tt vi thy thuc nhng d qun, khng kin tr iu tr, t tun th cc hng dn ca thy thuc.

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHKh cht bnh thn: mnh, cn bng, khng linh hotNhn thc su scTnh tnh cn thn, chu o, t m, kin nhn, n ni n chnTnh cm su sc, bn vng, chung thyKh lm quen, kt bn, t ci m, c v lnh lng

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHKh cht bnh thn: Nhn thc v hnh vi chm chp, khng linh hot, kh thch nghi vi hon cnh miBnh nhn dng ny khng ci m vi thy thuc nhng khi c gii thch cn k, tin tng th bnh nhn s tun th nhng g thy thuc hng dn.

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHKh cht nng ny: Mnh, khng cn bngNhn thc nhanh, hnh vi c ch nhanh, mnh, quyt litCi m, thn thin, chn thtCan m, quyt on, liu lnh, thng tnh, D ni nng, xung t, d mt lngPhung ph sc lc v chL dng bnh nhn d gy hn nn ngi thy thuc cn kim ch, mm mng vi bnh nhn ny trnh xung t xy ra

III-CAU TRUC NHAN CACHKh cht u t: kiu thn kinh yuSng to, nhy cm caoHin du, cn thn, t m, chu oTnh cm su sc, bn bHay t ti, s st, ngi gp ngi l, mi trng miL dng bnh nhn hay lo lng, s hi, rt lui nn ngi thy thuc cn du dng, to s an tm ni bnh nhn khi bnh nhn s mnh dn hp tc v tun th tt.

IV. CC KIU TNH CCHLo u-V t Chm ch-Li nhcLc quan-Bi quanNhy cm-Thc tHa ngKhng ho ngGy hnHo nh

IV. CC KIU TNH CCH Ngi lc quanC sc kho tm thn tt hn ngi bi quanVd: Cc BN lc quan ti thi im chn on ung th v ng ph vi qu trnh iu tr tt hnNgi lc quan khi cn tr th khi gi kho mnh hn ngi bi quanNgi lun thy tuyt vng v c nhng ngh u ti th c t l cht cao hn.

IV. CC KIU TNH CCH Ngi c tnh hng ngoiHo ng v thn mtT tin khi gp ngi lThch i d tic v mong mun l trung tm ca s ch Nghin cu cho thy ngi hng ngoi thng c sc kho th cht v tinh thn tt hn ngi sng ni tm

IV. CC KIU TNH CCH Ngi ni tmTrnh tip xc x hiKhng thoi mi khi tham gia cc hot ng c nhiu ngiKhng t tin khi gp ngi lThng ng v tr kn o (trnh mt)

IV. CC KIU TNH CCHCu hi hng ngoi-hng niBn c phi l ngi v t khng?Bn c thng hy vng cuc sng hng ngy ca mnh lun vui ti, si ng khng?Bn c d chn khng?Bn c lm tt c cc vic m ngi khc thch bn khng?Bn c thy hng th khi gp g nhng ngi l ti bui tic khng?

(Sanderson 2004)

IV. CC KIU TNH CCHCu hi hng ngoi- hng niBn c thch c sch hay ngi im lng hn l gp g bn b khng?Bn c thng im lng khi ni chuyn cng ngi khc khng?Khi i li bn thng i chm chp v khng c g vi vng?Bn c ght tr thnh nhn vt chnh khi mi ngi tru chc nhau khng?Bn c thch lm nhng cng vic i hi s im lng khng?

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Nhn cch kiu A v kiu B (Friedman v Rosenman)

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Kiu ANn nngThch ganh uaLm vic khng ngngRt d cu ginC tnh th chC nhng c gng thi qu t c thnh cng

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Kiu ALm vic cng nhiu cng tt trong khong thi gian ngnC nhu cu kim sot hon cnhMang trng thi phc hp gia hnh ng v cm xc

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Kiu BTng i d tnhThoi mit th cht thi gian

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Nhn cch kiu A v bnh timp li thch thc ca mi trng bng phn ng mnh, r nt.Thng to cho mnh nhng tc nhn gy cng thng qua suy ngh v hnh ng.Hu qu sinh l ca vic pht sinh ra nhng tc nhn ny gp phn vo s pht trin ca bnh tt, c bit l bnh mch vnh.

(Friedman v Rosenman)

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Nhn cch kiu A v bnh timHt thuc l nhiu hnNg t hnUng c ph nhiu hnTt c cc yu t trn lin quan n bnh tim

(Hicks v cng s 1982, 1983)

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Ngi kiu A lin quan trc tip n bnh timKhi ngh ngi khng c s khc bitTrong tnh hung b e do, mt kim sot, vi v, di p lc ca cng vic v thi gian s c nhng phn ng sinh l mnh m hnS tit cc hoc mn, mch p, huyt p tng caoTrong khi ngi kiu B vn gi bnh tnh

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Cc dng bnh nhnRt lui v s gp kh khn khi giao tipLo lngTc gin, gy g

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn khng giao tipDo c im c nhn Kinh nghim trc yTrng thi tinh thnBi cnh

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn khng giao tip

C th l doBn tnh xu h v kn oXu h v vn sc kho ca mnhDo cu hi ca thy thucCm thy bun hay trm cmB auKhng mun giao tip

V. CC DNG NHN CCHBnh nhn khng giao tip

Cn xem xt:

Phng giao tip c lm c ch BN?Khong cch ngiTin tng vic gi b mt thng tin Hnh vi ca thy thuc c lm phin, c ch BNNgn ng c th ca BN th hin: cm thy th no, c au n khng, lo lng, xu h, bun, trm cm?

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn lo lng

Cc du hiu:V m hi mt Run, bn chnNi nhanh khng kim soti khi i hi c lm yn tm

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn lo lng

V sao BN lo lng:Do tnh cchB tnh trng lo mn tnhPhn ng vi tnh trng m auS ph thucS nhng g trc trc vi h trong tng lai C th lo v nhng vn khc

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn lo lng

Gip bnh nhn: bng cchBnh tnhGii thch l hu ht BN u c lo lng v iu ny l thng thngNu BN ni qu nhiu, gi h ngng ni li bng vic tm tt, gii thch cc thng tin cn bit thmC th v nhng g bn mun h lm trong bui giao tip v sau

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn bc tc, hung hngTn cng th lcLm dng li niTc gin do ch lu, do nhng vic thy thuc lm hoc qun lmTc gin c th tng ln khi BN cm thy b e do hoc khng c gip

V. CC DNG NHN CCH Bnh nhn bc tc, hung hng

Dng li ni xo b cn tc gin, gy g, gim mi e do gy hi cho thy thuc, bnh nhn,..Khng i u vi bnh nhnKhng e doTo ra khng kh bnh tnh

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