NICMAR-Safety & Environment.ppt

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY MANAGEMENT

R K PODDAR

• Construction Safety

• Excavation

• Piling and Deep

Foundations

• Concrete Framed

Structure

• Structure Steel Erection

• Road Making

• Tunneling

• Dewatering of Tunnels

• Floor and Wall Opening

• Demolition

• Drilling and Blasting

• Compressed Air

• Site Transport

• Material Handling

• Handling Machinery

• Handling Tools

• Life Saving Equipment and

Marine Operations

• Common Hazards

• Fire Prevention

Points of discussion

CONSTRUCTION SAFETY

• Definition

• Legal Requirement

• Responsibility of Employer

• Reporting Occurrence of

Accidents

• Reporting Occurrence of

Hazards

• Action to be taken by the site

in-charge in case of accident

• First Aid

• Ambulance Room/ Dispensary

• Fire Prevention and Control

• Safe Working Environment

• Safety Clauses in Contract

Documents

• Safety Programme

• Safety Policy

• Safety Department

• Safety Officers

• Safety Records

Contd..

• SAFETY CLAUSES IN A TYPICAL CONTRACT DOCUMENT • Scheme for Safety • Breach of Safety Regulations • General Safety Conditions

• INDIAN STANDARDS FOR SAFETY IN CONSTRUCTION –

BUREAU OF INDIAN STANDARDS

• AMERICAN NATIONAL STANDARDS

• Safety Training • Safety Competitions,

Melas, etc. • Outside co-operation

CONSTRUCTION SAFETYLegal Requirements

There are four sources of legal requirement regarding safety as

applicable to construction sites and the construction industry,

namely:

1. Standard laid down by BIS.

2. Statutory provisions framed under various labour laws.

3. Contract conditions written into the Contract Document

signed by the client and Contractor when the work is

awarded.

4. Decisions, judgments and awards given by the judicial

authorities from time to time.

EXCAVATION

• Fencing

• Shoring

• Access and Escape

• Other Precautions

• Common Hazards

• Responsibilities of Supervisor

PILING AND DEEP FOUNDATIONS• Introduction

• Piling Rigs

• Field Operations • Centering the Pile • Driving the Casing • Driving Cap • Lowering Reinforcement Cages • Jammed Casings • Grounding the Bailers/Chisels • Completion of Pile Bore

• Sheet Piling

• Well Foundation

• General Precautions

CONCRETE FRAMED STRUCTURE

Erection of concrete framed structure involve the following operations:

• Transportation of material

• Handling of material

• Scaffolding and formwork

• Mixing of material

• Placement of concrete

• Curing of concrete

• Removal of formwork and scaffolding

STRUCTURAL STEEL ERECTION

• Advance Planning

• Erection equipment

• Cranes and Derricks

• Hoists

• Erection Tools

• Structural Steel Works

• Scaffolding

• Form Work

• Machinery

• Surroundings

• Other Precautions

• Safe Practices

• Cutting and Welding

• Works at Heights

ROAD MAKING

• Hot Mix Plant

• Feed Hopper

• Dryer drum unit

• Hot Elevator and gradation control unit

• Mixing unit, and

• Bitumen unit

• Sprayers

• Spreaders and Pavers

• Heating Bitumen

• Traffic Management during Road Construction

• Road Maintenance

TUNNELING & UNDERGROUND WORKS

• Causes of Hazards – are due to Drilling, Explosive and

Blasting, Mucking plant and equipment, Supporting the

excavation• Drilling • Mucking Plant and Equipment • Supporting the Excavation • Tunnelling Machine • Tunnelling in Soft Ground • Fore-poling • Shield Tunnelling • Working through a Shaft • General Safety Measures

DEWATERING OF TUNNELS

• Water

• Grouting

• Pumps for Dewatering

• Vertical Pumps

• Pump Selection

• Standby Pumps

• Safety for Pump Operation

• Check list for tunnelling work

FLOOR AND WALL OPENING

• Floor Opening

• Wall Opening

• Cat-Walks

• Stairways

DEMOLITION

• General Precautions • Structure • Walls and Floor • Other portions • Removal • Mechanical Demolition • Safety Checklist • Services:

• Access • Loading • Structural members • Worker protection • Other hazards

DRILLING AND BLASTING

• Transportation of Explosives

• Handling Explosives

• Storage of Explosives

• Shot firing

• Safety Fuse

• Disposal of Explosives

COMPRESSED AIR

• Equipment

• Compressor

• Compression and Decompression

• Working Chamber

• Working in Compressed Air

• Medical Lock

• Fire Hazards

• Detection of Gases


SITE TRANSPORT

• Human Factor

• Vehicles and Drivers

• Loading

• Overloading

• Hazard Control

• Machine Faults

• Other Dangers

MATERIAL HANDLING

• Acid • Acetylene • Bamboo • Brushes • Carbide • Casting • Cells (battery) • Precaution Cement • Cloth • Coal • Electrical Cables and Wires • Electrode • Firebrick • Glass Sheets and Plates • Leather Goods • Machined parts Precaution • Oil

• Oxygen • Paint, Varnish and Enamel • Paper • Petrol • Precaution • Pipes • Rubber Goods • Steel Sections • Manual handling • Tools • Timber Components (Tool

Handles) • Sand Gravel and Crushed

Stones • Caissons • Compression and

Decompression

HANDLING MACHINERY


• Earth moving machinery

• Lifting and Hoisting Machinery

• Tips for Operating Cranes

• Guy Derrick and Stiff Legs

• Transporting Machinery

• Concrete Mixers and Batching Plants

• Important hints for drivers

• Report for duty

• Inspection of vehicle and starting the day

• On entering roads

• Other Important Hints

HANDLING TOOLS

• Electrical Tools

• Avoiding the Hazards

• Operating Precautions

• Electrical Safety

• Fuses

• Electric Installations

• Electrical works

• Pneumatic Tools

• Abrasive Tools

• Hand Tools

• Cutting Tools

LIFE-SAVING EQUIPMENT AND MARINE OPERATIONS

• Life-Saving Equipment

• Safety Strap

• Life Line and Belt Safety

• Nets

• Marine Operations

• SCAFFOLDING CHECKLIST

• GUIDELINES ON SAFETY REQUIREMENT TO BE FOLLOWED AT SITES OF CONSTRUCTION WORK

COMMON HAZARDS

• Dust

• Impregnated Timber

• Lead Poisoning

• Toxic Fumes

• Noise

• Code of Practice for Reducing

Noise

• Vibrations

• Lighting

• Maintenance

• House-Keeping

• Materials

• Movement

• Drowning

• Openings

• Weight

FIRE PREVENTION

• Understanding Fire Chemistry

• How Fuels Behave in Fire

• Fire causes

• Types of Extinguishers and Use

• General Notes

• Fire Prevention Planning

• Checklist for fire prevention

CONSTRUCTION &

ENVIRONMENT

R K PODDAR

• Impact of development on

environment

• India's environmental

scenario

• Environment Act

• Environmental protection and

public interest

• Rehabilitation and

resettlement issues in large

dams in India

• Solid waste management

• The environmental

assessment and review

process

• Environmental impact

assessment


assessment case study of

an expressway


assessment and

mitigative measures

IMPACT OF DEVELOPMENT ON ENVIRONMENT

• Projected Impact of Environmental Pollution in the world • Conclusion

INDIA’S ENVIRONMENTAL SCENARIO

• Introduction • Key Problems • The Regulatory Framework • The Way Forward: Sectoral Policy Reform • Agenda for Action • Environmental Setting and Priority Areas for Action • Industrial Urban Environmental Problems • Urbanization, Sanitation, and Waste Management • Air Pollution • Water Pollution • Natural Resource-Based Environmental Problems/Issues • Deforestation • Biodiversity Loss • Land Degradation • Coastal and Marine Resource Degradation • Concluding Remarks: Setting Environmental Priorities

ENVIRONMENT ACT

• Delegated Legislation: The Methodology of EPA

• The Environmental Rules

• Environmental Audit

• Hazardous Substances and Industries

• Ecomark

• Delegation of Powers

• EPA and Judicial Interpretation

• Conclusion

ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION AND PUBLIC INTEREST

• Techniques of Issuing Directions

• Evolution of Environmental Jurisprudence

• Balance the Conflicting Values

• Protection of Social Environment

• Filling Gaps in Law and Lacunae in Administration

• Environmental Awareness and Education

• Public Interest Litigation for Environment, not for Private Gains

• Committees and Commissions

• Deferential Attitude to Environmental Decisions

• Alternative Strategy: The Need for Environment

• Courts or Tribunal

REHABILITATION AND RESETTLEMENT ISSUES IN LARGE DAMS IN INDIA

• Introduction

• Dam Building in India

• Rationale for the Policy Dialogue

• Deliberations in the Workshop

• Causes Behind the Anti-Dam Movements

• Criteria and Guidelines for Dams in India - Suggestions for

Improvement


• Sardar Sarovar Dam

• Land Submergence

• Approach to Resettlement and Rehabilitation

• Nagarjuna Sagar

• Pong Dam

• Rehabilitation Package

• Some Key Factors


• Tehri Dam

• Progress of Rural R & R so far

• Progress of Urban R & R

• Extent of Displacement

• Rural Displacement

• Upper Kolab Dam

• Effect on Siltation


• Bhakra-Nangal Dam

• The Project

• The Sufferers

• Rehabilitation The Problems Remaining


• Hirakund Dam

• Introduction

• Brief History of the Project

• Project Features

• Salient Features

• Rehabilitation & Resettlement

• Land Acquisition/Relocation

• Environmental Impact

• Alamatti Dam

• Alamatti Concerns

• Rehabilitation

SOLID WASTE MANAGEMENT

• Sources & Classification • Public Health Aspects • Methods of Collection • Transfer Station • Disposal Methods • Open Dumping • Sanitary Landfill • Incineration • Compositing • Potential Methods of Disposal • Utilization • Recovery and Recycling - Paper

• Glass • Metals • Plastics

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCESS

• Environmental Review I Policies & Principles

• Environmental Review & the Project Cycle • Overall Relationship to the Project Cycle

• Environmental Assessment Review &Project Appraisal • Implementation & Supervision • Completion & Evaluation

• Regional & Sartorial Environmental Assessments • Regional Environmental Assessments • Sartorial Environmental Assessments

• A Regional Monitoring Programme • Pakistan Drainage Sector Environmental Assessment • Nigeria Multistate Roads Project Sartorial

THE ENVIRONMENTAL ASSESSMENT AND REVIEW PROCESS

• Environmental Assessment • Recommendations Included • Alternatives to Environmental Assessment • Institutional Aspects of Environmental Assessment • Inter Agency Coordination • Involvement of Affected Groups & Local NGOs • Strengthening Environmental Capabilities • Financial Intermediary Lending

• Management of Environmental Assessment • Cost & Time to Prepare Environmental Assessments • Sources of Financing

• Procurement of Consultants

• Conclusion

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT

• Prevention Rather than Cure • Complex Questions • The Mandatory Model • NEPA: An Illustration • Pleas Against & In Favour of the Discretionary Model

• Merits • Demerits

• Bhopal: Victim of a Discretionary Model • Defective Assessment • Discretionary Model: Judicial Reaction• Final Environment Notification • Amendment - A Step Ahead • Methodology of EIA

• Introduction • Overview of EIA Process

• Basics


• Environmental Setting • Impact Prediction & Assessment • Methodologies for Environmental Impact Assessment • Interaction Matrices • Networks • Overaly Techniques • Conceptual EIA of Large Scale Electric Power Plants • Air Pollution • SPM Control • SOx Control • NOx Control • Quantification of Environmental Damage • Ash Disposal • Disposal • Ash Utilisation • Quantification of Water Pollution


• Large Scale Displacement

• Quantification of Displacement Discontent

• Forest Loss

• Quantification of Forest Loss

• Others

• Nuclear

• Finalizing the EIA

ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT ASSESSMENT & MITIGATIVE MEASURES

• Introduction • A Impacts During Construction Phase • Impacts on Physical Resources • Air Quality • Mitigation Measure • Noise Pollution • Mitigation Measures • Site Controls • Source Controls • Scheduling of Project Activities • Physiography • Mitigation Measures • Water Bodies and Water Resources • Water Quality • Soil & Geology


• Mitigation Measures • Impacts on Ecological Resources • Flora & Fauna • Roadside Tree Affected by Project • Mitigation Measures • Land Use • Mitigation Measures • Impacts on Utility Services & Community Severance • Impact During Operation Phase

• Positive Impacts • Reduced Congestion & Enhanced Safety for • Regional Traffic on the Road Corridors • Reduced Accident Level • Reduction in Fuel Consumption • Better Urbanization Trends


• Enhanced Industrial & Commercial Development • Development of Tourism • Higher Value to Perishable Goods & Reduced Wastage • Impacts on Physical Resources

• Air Quality • Noise Pollution

• Mitigative Measures • Impact on Ecological Resources • Flora & Fauna • Land Use


• Mitigation Measures • Agriculture & Crops • Impact on Quality of Life • Socio-Economic Condition • Accident Hazards & Safety • Mitigation Measures • Asthetic & Landscape • Summary of Environmental Impact Assessment