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FLOATING IDEAS: THE SHAPE OF HOUSES TO COME

EXCHANGING WORDS: THE CRAFT OF TRANSLATION

THE UNIVERSITY OF BRISTOL MAGAZINE//AUTUMN 2012

BRIGHTFUTURESAT BRISTOLDENTALSCHOOL

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Autumn 2012esuch//Autumn 2012

noneAutumn 20

EditorsNick RiddleJuliet Giles

Contactnonesuch@b

ContributinFreya Sterlin

Advisory GDavid Alder Director of Cand Market

Jill Cartwrigh

Head of PuRelations Of

Dr Lorna CoHead of ResDevelopmen

Hannah JohPress Office

Dr Maggie LHead of thePublic Enga

Dr John McPublicity anRecruitmen

Dick Penny Managing DWatershed

Tania Jane Director of Cand Alumni

Professor JDean of Socand Law

Designpelotondes

Produced Public RelatSenate HouTyndall AvenBristol BS8 T: +44 (0)11

Cover illusPeskimo

Printed byBelmont Pre

Nonesuch , O UniversityExtracts mareproducedpermission Relations Of

If you need of this publian alternativplease telep+44 (0)117

Features

Earth beneath our feet 6

Floating ideas 9

Modernising the heart of the University 13

Alumni shaping technology 14

Bright futures COVER 18

Exchanging words 22

Mind games 27

In pictures

Snapshots 5

Taken 29

Regulars

Bristol in pieces 2 & 17

Alumni in the news 3

Bristol and beyond 12

Autumn 2012

Contents

Listings

Events 25

Alumni in memoriam 26

esuch//Autumn 2011

Revive100Silkis carbonbalancedwherethecarbonimpacthasbeenmeasuredthroughtheproduction

processandan equivalentcarboncredit(offset)hasbeen purchased.

Carbonbalancingbythe WorldLandTrusttacklesclimate change

throughprojectsthatboth offsetcarbondioxide(CO 2)emissionsandconservebiodiversity.

Nonesuch magazine//

Autumn2012Carbonsaved 20,314kgLandpreserved 1,706.38m 2

t a fantastic summer in spitee weather! Six alumni and one

ent student competed in theon 2012 Olympic games withmedal winners. Congratulationsem all. They are highlighted inmagazine.

2,000 alumni followed Bristols Olympiansr alumni LinkedIn and Facebook pages.ur community there, if you havent already!e global network of Bristol alumni isng all the time. We are holding moreon networking events than ever before.e strengthening existing alumni groups inal major cities and plan to create at leastumni branch in China this year, markingiversitys first graduation celebrationng in April. Activities like these, andowth of our group on LinkedIn, makess alumni network increasingly powerfullevant.

ope you will keep looking out for waysonnect with Bristol University. Come tomni event near you; run for a post asmni representative on Court (see p25);urrent students by joining the Careersork (bristol.ac.uk/careers/network/p.asp); support Bristol University witho help students or world-changingch; keep reading this great magazine.

ay(BSc 1975)man of Convocation,s alumni association

[email protected]

Its been a fascinating year to bePresident of Universities UK, as our

universities have been much in themedia, worldwide. Some stories werepositive, such as UK universities(including Bristol) helping confirm thepresence of the Higgs Boson. Otherswere mixed, raising questions aboutdegree awards, relationships withphilanthropists, and the placeof overseas students in the UK.

I find that most media coverage of universityactivity misses a key question: what areuniversities for?

When answering, its easy to understandthe value that a Bristol degree confers on theindividuals who study here and the resultingpositive impact that our fantastic graduateshave on society. This is why Bristol remainsone of the most popular UK universities forhome and overseas students.

Another important answer is that researchundertaken at universities like Bristol is whatchanges the world for the better. Just in the pastmonth, Bristol made global news for: advancingsteps towards a quantum computer; treatingmeniscal tears in knee joints; discoveringmethane gases under Antarctica; quantifyingthe negative impact of racism; and (one of myfavourites) finding that we drink beer fasterfrom curved glasses than from straight glasses.

The world needs solutions, answers, andnew ideas. Universities like Bristol providethem through our alumni, and our research.

Professor Eric Thomas(Hon LLD 2004)Vice-Chancellor

ol.ac.uk/alumni

lcome

Inside story

17

2

5

9Working on water

18Dentalfundamentals

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Regularsulars

ol in pieces

Broadcasting Empire: The BBC and theBritish World, 1922-1970 Simon J PotterDr Simon Potter in the Department of HistoricalStudies spent eight years of research in Britain, Canada,Australasia and the USA for this study of the relationshipbetween the BBC and the British Empire, particularly rivalBritish and American attempts to influence the worlds

radio and television systems. It also contributes to currentdebates about the legacies of empire and the shaping ofBritishness and British culture. (Oxford University Press)

The Struggle for Power in Post-Independence Colombia and VenezuelaMatthew BrownDr Matthew Brown, Reader in Latin American Studies,wrote this biography of the veterans of the battle of ElSantuario, fought in Colombia in 1829. The book usesuntold stories of the soldiers lives to examine the impe rialconflicts that shaped politics and society in Colombia andVenezuela after independence from Spanish colonial rule.(Palgrave Macmillan)

The plug New books

thrise the first colour photo of thele of the Earthwas taken in 1968ng the Apollo 8 mission.dnt tell you exactly when I first saw it, but l ike apeople who were kids back then, I rememberpollo missions and being amazed by it all.hese days weve got Google maps and satelliteng, and we take it for granted. But beforehrise, we didnt know what the Earth looked likespace. It was shocking, in a way our plane tquite fragile, a living organism suspended in

e, with a very thin venee r of atmosphere. Itsdescribed as the most influential environmental

ograph ever taken: both Greenpeace andds of the Earth were founded shortly afterwards.he work I do now satellite remote sensing istly descended from this photograph. I produce

isations of different parts of the Earth, especiallyolar regions, which can provide very powerfulhts into what the planet is doing.eep going back to Earthrise. Its as if youreng at yourself from the outside, like an out-of-experience. You cant help thinking I need to

care of that. Theres only one of them, after all.

essor Jonathan Bamber (BSc 1983)ol of Geographical Sciences

he cityUniversity in Bristol

Alumni in the news

Bristol alumni go for goldSport

bristol.ac.uk/alumni/news

MariaTherezaAlves,SeedsofChange:AFloatingBallastSeedGarden(designedby

GittaGschwendtner),2

012.CourtesyofartistandBristolCityCouncil.Photo

MaxMcClure

sebudryday objectsh a special meaning

ening, history and art havebined in a fascinating project,s of Change: A Ballast Seeden for Bristol.With help from theersity of Bristol its now branchingo give schools and community

ps the chance to gain a freshpective on the citys trade andtime past.

A disused grain barge, moored alongside CastlePark, has become the focus of a new and unus ualliving history project for Bristol. Its been turnedinto a floating garden with a difference, as a ll itsplants have been grown from seeds identifiedas those of plants from far continents, brought

back centuries ago as incidental cargo in theballast holds of ships. The project was conceivedby the Brazilian artist Maria Thereza Alves for

Arnolfini with help from several partners, includingthe University and Bristol City Council. Over thesummer it inspired a series of events that sparkeddiscussions spanning culture, heritage, botanyand art. Now the University has obtained fundingfrom the Heritage Lottery Fund to enable local

primary schools and community groups to growballast seed gardens of their own.For more information email [email protected]

Alumni, staff and students wintegral to theLondon 2012 OGames this summer both acompetitors and in the delivespectacle of the Games.

ive medals were won by Bristoand students: Laura Bechtolsh(BSc 2007) won gold as a mem

the dressage team and bronze as an iHannah Mills, a current student and sa

silver with her par tner in the womens Iain Percy (BSc 1998) and his partner tmedal in sailing; and hockey player Ge(BA 2012), sponsored by Dick Lovett, with the womens GB hockey team. Other alumni achievements cameLawrence Clarke (BA 2011) who camethe 100m hurdle finals; Claire Hallisseywho ran the marathon in a time of 2.35in 57th place in the event; and Vittoria P(BSc 2005) who represented Italy in eqeventing and came 11th overall. Es Dedesigned the hugely successful closinwhich also featured Bristol student RAdancers accompanying Eric Idle. At thclosing ceremony there was a fitting trvolunteers who were integral to the suGames, including a number of Bristol Ustaff members. Jane Pearce-McMen(BA 1986) was Head of Press Operati

New anthem for theQueens Diamond JubileeMusic

In briefAlumni achievements

ComposerWill Todds(BA 1991, MMus

1994) new anthem The Call of Wisdomwas performed at St Pauls Cathedral,London during the Diamond JubileeThanksgiving Service in June.

The piece was performed by theDiamond Choir, made up of 40 childrenbetween the ages of 10 and 13 who wereselected from around the UK to join thechoristers of St Pauls and the Chapel Royal.The Thanksgiving Service was on the final dayof a long weekend celebrating the Queensreign, the second time in British history that amonarch has celebrated a Diamond Jubilee.A CD recording can be purchased at willtodd.com

Michelle McDowell MBE(BSc 1984), Chair of Civil andStructural Engineering at BDP, has been named the ACE Engin

Ambassador for 2012 at its annual Engineering Excellence Awceremony. This award is given to individuals who have made asignificant contribution to raising the profile of consultancy andengineering in the UK.

Greg Doran(BA 1980), an award-winning theatre director, waannounced as the new Artistic Director of the Royal ShakespeaCompany (RSC) in March. He has worked at the RSC since 198first as an actor and then as a director, and has been Chief AssoDirector since 2006.

Hazel Findlay (BA 2011) became the best female mountaineeBritain after becoming the first woman to conquer one of the toascents in the UK. Near Bideford in Devon, Findlay tackled a cliOnce Upon A Time In The South West, which is currently grad6C, just two grades below those regarded as the hardest in theLa

uraBechtolsheimerIanTonks//ClosingCeremonyFlickr:houghtonbirds//WillToddTheChapterofStPaulsCathedral.

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mniNicola Broom(LLB 2004)Steve Brindley(BSc 2005)founded a popular website

d upmysport.com, whichdes a hassle-free way to bookrts instructor.

ompany launched in London this summerhe excitement of the Olympic andmpic Games. It provides those with a

Poshby playwright Laura Wade(BA 1999) arrivedin the West End at the Duke of Yorks Theatre inMay this year after sell-out performances in 2010.

Originally, Wades breakthrough play opened at the Royal Court inApril 2010, in the middle of the run-up to the general election. Theshow, seen as a commentary on the Tory upper class, was sucha success that it nearly sold out before the run had even started,and filled the theatre to capacity at every performance. In 2012 theplay came to the West End, with an updated version of the storyabout ten young members of an elite student dining society,intent on planning a revolution and restoring their right to rule.

The Guardiansaid: Wade grasped a fundamental truthabout British life, and the 2012 production retains its buoyancyand precision. Wade, who studied Drama at Bristol, is currentlyadapting the play into a feature film for Blueprint Pictures.

ulars

mni in the news Snapshots

Bengali starmbrata Chatterjee(MA 2011) starred in the hugelyessful Indian thrillerKahaani, which was released

dwide in March to great critical acclaim.

.ac.uk/alumni/news

LauraWadePhilipHollis

ahaani,Satyaki Rana, playedChatterjee, comes to the aidapregnant woman, played byar actress Vidya Balan, whoarch of her missing husband.h nothing to rely on exceptents from her memories aboutsband, all clues seem to reach

end and everyone she knowsg to convince her that hernd does not exist.e TelegraphdescribedKahaaniother of a story, and it became

dwide box office hit, bringing

in $18.82 million over 50 days. In aninterview withThe Indian Express,Chatterjee said: I am enjoying theadulation and praise that I have beengetting forKahaani. Earlier I had fansonly in Kolkata and neighbouringstates, now it is also Mumbai andall over. Chatterjee, who studied

Film Production at Bristol, is due toappear in a number of upcomingfilms next year and has recentlylaunched his own productioncompany called Workshops withfellow actor Rudranil Ghosh.

your sportrprise

Playing it poshTheatre

In pictures

SnapshotsLife and work atClockwise from top left.

DUELLING DROIDS//Bristol hosts Robot World Cu

bris.ac.uk/news/2012/8BLONDE LOCKS UNLOGenetic secrets of dark skin/bcombination in the Solomon

bris.ac.uk/news/2012/8

DEEP ANTARCTIC//Exancient subglacial lake.//brnews/2012/8762.html

DRAWING THE BRISTDINOSAUR//One of the cwinners.//bristol.ac.uk/news/2012/8553.html

PICTURES ON RADIOmagic wands visualise radiobris.ac.uk/news/2012/8

SolomonIslandsSeanMyles//DinosaurCharleyRussell//RobotJosephMeredith//

LEDwandsChrisHillandJimMilner//AntarcticNeilRoss/NewcastleUn

iversity

Thanks to alumnusDr Derek Zutshi (MBChB 1957, Hon LLD1999), a new ceremonialmace was presentedbyBill Ray(BSc 1975),Chair of Convocation,to the Rt Hon the LadyHale of Richmond(Hon LLD 2002), theUniversitys Chancellor.

Dr Zutshi first came to Bristolin 1949, but after hisgraduation his relationshipwith the University continuedfor almost half a century,with him becoming part ofits fabric through his workas a volunteer on Council andCourt and with Convocation,and then as an extraordinarilygenerous benefactor.

A small part of his 1.8million legacy to the Universitywas for the purchase of a newceremonial mace, traditionallya sign of educational traditionand distinction, that wouldrepresent the alumni past,current, and future. The macewas first used, to great praise,at the graduation ceremonyon 18 July, remindingBristols graduates that theUniversitys relationship withits alumni is for life.

RepresentingBristol alumni;past andpresentLegacy

new-found interest in a sport with an easyway to get started. Steve said: We wantto get more people involved in sport andfitness by making it easier to find andbook the right instructor, course orclass. Whatever the sport. Whereveryou are. From first timers to experts.The promising company currently hasinstructors all over London and is alreadylooking to expand nationally.

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Autumn 2012

Everything we see around us is affected byprocesses deep within the planets mantle andcore. Understanding whats going on down thereis extremely difficult, but pioneering work by theBristol Experimental Earth Studiesresearch groupis helping to reveal the secrets of the deep Earth.

Earth beneath our feet

n Jules Vernes seminal work oftheoretical geophysics,A Journeyto the Centre of the Earth, Professor

Lidenbrock travels down a series ofvolcanic tubes towards the Earths core,encountering giant mushrooms, dinosaursand ape-like people, before being ejectedback to the surface off the coast of Sicilyto write up his results.

It would be nice to be able to use simil armethods to study the Earths deep places , butsadly Lidenbrocks techniques are hard toreplicate. The deepest mineshafts in the worldreach about five kilometres, and the deepestexperimental boreholes, such as the KolaSuperdeep in Russia, some 12 kilometres.That might sound impressive, but it barelypenetrates part-way through the topmost layerof the Earths crust. Getting to the deep Earth the mantle and the core is still impossible. Nevertheless, the deep Earth has a profoundeffect on the geology of the surface. Theigneous rocks we see around us depend on theincredible heat and pressure of the mantle for

their production, so in order to understandfully the world up here we need to understandsomething of the world down there. TheBristol Experimental Earth Studies (BEEST)group are able to create conditions similarto those in erupting volcanoes, in magmachambers, and even at the very centr e of theEarths core and all within the basement ofthe Wills Memorial Building.

Furnaces, anvils and diamondsCharlotte Stamper (MSci 2010) grew up inShropshire, where some of the volcanic hillsare 600 mil lion years old, and she has long beenfascinated with the question of how they were

formed. As a PhD student with BEEST, she studiesvolcanic processes. Being able to recreate in a labsomething thats going on under the surface ofthe earth is something I find really cool, she says. The BEEST group take natural rocks (orsynthetic analogues of them) and subject themto the conditions that exist at various levelsbelow the Earths surface. The deeper you go,says Stamper, the smaller the sample youreworking with, and the more difficult andintricate it becomes. Much of the equipmentused by the team, including a series of fear some-looking piston presses, is manufactured in theSchool of Earth Sciences own workshop, andsome items are exported to labs across the worldfor use in similar work.

The first lab contains equipment capable ofsimulating the condition of lava as it erupts:atmospheric pressure, and temperatures up to1,700C. This enables the study of molten rockor magma ejected f rom volcanoes onto thesurface. Tiny specimens just a few millimetresacross are lowered into the furnaces, wheretheyre heated for long periods before beingwithdrawn for analysis. The next lab moves down a bit further,into the magma chambers that lie under active

TO UNDERSTANDTHE WORLD UPHERE WE NEED

TO UNDERSTAND

THE WORLDDOWN THERE

ByChris Wraight

Feature

StatisticsThe Earth innumbers

4.54 billioyears

age of the Earth

1,300Cmelting temperatubasaltic rock at th

12.4kmdeepest experimeborehole

2,890kmdepth of the outer

4,000Ctemperature geneBEESTs lasers to conditions in the in

Earth beneath our feet

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ure

beneath our feet

IllustrationNeilStephens//BEESTphotosNickSmith

Volcanic eruptionsReading the signals

By examining how this relates to changeswithin the magma chamber itself, theseexperiments aim to link the observation ofsulphur-chlorine ratio to what is going onunder the surface, and thus to understandhow the pre-eruption signal works.

Were getting to the stage where wecan examine the material spewedout during an eruption and see theprecursors, says Stamper. The next

step is to use that knowledge to predicteruptions before they take place. Couldwe prevent future disasters? Thats reallywhat were all striving for.

The BEEST team has used itsspecialist equipment to study

volcanic eruptions, after thediscovery that the ratio of sulphurdioxide and hydrochloric acidemitted by volcanoes changes justbefore an eruption.

noes. Inside cold seal pressure ves sels,look a bit like whisky stills, the sampleners are flooded with water to simulates of up to six kilometres. An electricis then used to raise the temperature tod 900C.get further down requires more drasticres. The samples used in simulations ofwer crust and mantle are so minusculeectron microscopes are needed to analyseThe process used to generate pressureively simple: metal pistons squeeze thee to a simulated depth of 120 kilometresach temperatures in excess of 2,000C.lti-anvil an arrangement of steel wedges

ed to compress the sample from all sides ces temperatures of 2,300C and pressuresalent to a depth of 660 kilometres. Thesetions correspond to those at the boundaryen the Earths upper and lower mantle.ulti-anvil machines are extremely bulkyowerful, but to get even deeper r ight intorths core the equipment used is small

gh to fit in your pocket. In thes e diamondells, tiny samples are placed between the(flat faces at the base) of two diamondsen compressed. An array of lasersates temperatures of around 4,000C,e results must be analysed eitherESTs electron microprobe or by arotron such as Diamond Light Sourcefordshire.

ing the whole Earthat does simulating conditions at the veryof the Earth have to do with life on the

e? Its about understanding the Earth asle system, says Dr Simon Kohn, Readerology. For example, we tend to think ofrbon cycle as involving the oceans and thephere, but recent work on diamonds showsrbon-containing material can be pushedown into the deep Earth, meaning that the

n cycle involves not just the surface but theEarth.is diamond research is just one areathe BEEST group has made important

butions to our knowledge of how

minerals are formed and move around beneaththe surface. In 2011, the group examineddiamonds from the Juina region of Brazil andfound tiny inclusions of minerals trapped withinthem. Further analysis revealed that theseminerals must have formed at depths below 670kilometres. How did they end up on the surface?The answer lies in plate tectonics: the diamondswere created when an oceanic plate was dr awndown into the lower mantle, coming underenormous pressure. Diamonds were formed(with silicate mantle minerals trapped insidethem) and were then thrust upward, ultimatelyemerging as part of volcanic eruptions.

The result was a rare chance to comparetheory with reality. As Professor MichaelWalter of BEEST says, Inclusions in diamondsare fantastically useful for studying theinaccessible part of the deep Earth. Its a bit likestudying extinct insects in amber. Although wecant extract DNA and grow dinosaurs, we canextract the mineral s chemical compositionsand tell where they formed by growing similar

minerals in the l ab at extreme conditions. Since BEEST was established in 1989,our understanding of the deep Earth haschanged out of all recognition. Theres plentymore to discover, and continued investmentin the facilities at Bristol has ensured thatbreakthroughs will continue to be made inthe basement of the Wills Memorial Building.When we consider the array of high-pressureand temperature machinery we run here, saysKohn, along with all the analytical facilitiesthat we have access to, I would say that we areone of the leading groups in the world. Its a farcry from giant mushrooms and dinosaurs, butevery bit as exciting.

E CARBON CYCLEVOLVES NOT JUSTE SURFACE BUTE WHOLE EARTH

LeftCharlotte Stamper in one of the BEEST labsRightA multi-anvil is prepared for its high-pressure work

f loatingideas

Bristol is rightly proud of its engineering past, and theUniversitys Faculty of Engineering aims to foster thespirit of Brunel in the next generation of civil engineers.Every year it asks its fourth-year undergraduates tocombine creativity and technical skill in completing afinal-year project. In 2010 three students rose to thechallenge with a flood-proof house.

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Autumn 2012 //nesuch//Autumn 2012

25 projects, which can range from findinga sustainable method of water treatment foran Indian village to designi ng a private golfdriving range in the Gulf. Most are set by theDepartment, but occasionally students have theopportunity to enter national competitions, andcan suggest ideas of their own.

For three fourth-year students from the classof 2010 Sophie Payne (MEng 2010), LindseyCubbon (MEng 2010) and Jonathan Melzer(MEng 2010) the opportunity to come up with aconceptual and technical design for an eco-fr iendly,floating house was exactly the challenge they werelooking for. We looked at the list to see whichproject stood out most and all three of us picked thisone, says Payne. Not only was it a chance to find a

solution to a topical problem, but it also provided anopportunity to combine several areas of technicalknowledge with the soft engineering skills theydalso learned on their degree. The course wasvery technical and there wasnt a lot of room forcreativity, says Cubbon. But for this project youcould be more creative, it was more about designand putting everything that youd learned together.

Going DutchFloating houses are still rare in the UK, so withhelp from a grant from the Bristol Port Companythe students travelled to the Netherlands to geta closer look at how the houses might work.Our friends joked and suggested we werehaving a jolly, says Payne. But no, we worked

really hard to get the most out of our visit.The students spent three packed days lookingat different floating-house developments in andaround the Ijburg area of Amsterdam. Theygot the chance to take a look inside some of thehouses, seeing what worked and what d idnt,and had the opportunity to talk to two firmsof architects as well as to structural engineerDil Tirimanna from FDN Engineering. He wasable to help them get to grips with some of themore complicated structural concepts and topoint out some potential problems. It was reallyinteresting to see people living on water a ndthe effect it has on their lifestyle, says Melzer.It also helped highlight things we might

ure

ing ideas

hen most people in the UK lookback on the summer of 2012 itwill probably be the successes

Olympics and Paralympics theymber, not the weather. But for some,Ks wettest summer for 100 years y followed by the worst Septembers for 30 years will have left a far lessant legacy.From the Scottish borders touth west of England, thousands of homesUK have had to cope with the economic

motional stress caused by flooding. Inture the effects of climate change couldthis is stress many more of us will have to

And with the UKs flood defences alreadystrain, it looks as t hough were soonto have to think a lot more creativelyhow we keep our homes safe a nd dry.

ne of the more innovative ideas of recenthas been homes that float on water.mply houseboats but fully functionings that rise to avoid flooding and help easeopment congestion on land. Its a concepttarting to take shape in small pocketsd the world, including San Francisco,and parts of Canada. Here in Europe, its

etherlands, where more than half the landlow sea level, that is lead ing the way.the past the Dutch tried to fight aga inst, now theyre beginning to realise there

me places where instead of building dykesand stop the water its natura l for water

me back, says Dawei Han, Professor ofoinformatics in Bristols Department ofEngineeri ng. Two years ago he had thef seeing if students on the MEng inEngineering could find a similar solutionUKs flooding problems.

ive opportunitiesyear the Department asks its fourth-

MEng students to tackle a realistic civileering project of this sort. Its worth a thirdundergraduates final-year credits andhem the opportunity to put the sometimeseories of hydraulics, fluid mechanics andres to work on a real-world problem. Withign project were trying to see how creative

udents are, says Han. They quite like it.they can see why they learned so manyheories. When they start in their earlierhey may complain a lot about the formulasuations, its only in the final year that theyhow every thing combines together.orking together in groups of three ortudents can choose from around 20 to

liet Giles

PortraitsAlanCook

Roof

Kitchen

Lounge/dining room

Office

WC

Bathroom

Guest

bathroom

Guestbedroom

Masterbedroom

Bedroom 1

Bedroom 2

Utility room

Living area

Master bathroom

Roof terrace

Above from topA 3D visualisation of thestudents final design; one the floating housesthe students looked at in the Netherlands,designed by FDN Engineering; a cross-sectionof the students house

not have thought about so much, such as theprovision of drainage and services.

Back in Bristol the students worked on sixconceptual designs and then used a decisionmatrix, which weighted factors such as cost,practicality and eco-friendliness, to comparetheir advantages and disadvantages. Engineeringdesign is a lways about options and compromise,says Han. Economic cost is always a limitingfactor. You cant build a floating house thatsgoing to cost 1 million that nobody can afford.

Testing the watersThe students final design a two-storeycylindrical house with a roof terrace and strikingcopper roof was both environmentally friendlyand economically viable. The bottom half was apartially submerged hollow concrete basement,which would provide buoyancy and additionalliving space and was held in place by telescopicpiles that would allow it to rise with the water.

The top half was a mixture of structural glassand structural insulated panels (SIPs). Thesefibre-glass panels can easily be cut into roundedshapes and were chosen as they would be lightenough to help the house float. The roof wasmade of lightweight wood clad i n copper, anddesigned to collect rainwater. By harvestingrainwater and using passive cooling techniquesand solar panels, the students aimed to minimise

the houses carbon footprint, while additionalservices could be brought in through flexiblepipes that would move with rising water levels.

Some ideas, such as the hollow concrete base,came out of their trip to the Netherlands, whilethe telescopic piles are an idea being used in thelow-cost, flood-proof housing planned for areasof New Orleans. Other ideas, such as the SIPs,came from the students themselves after longhours struggling over loading calculations tomake sure the house would float. Admittedly, wehad to research further into areas we would neverhave looked at on the course, says Payne. Butthe background understanding wed been givenover the previous three years meant that we could

Back to natu

The house was deto be built on reclawetland in Somers

Returning flood-proto wetland can offer environmental benefihelp reduce the risk in surrounding areashelp bring back declspecies, such as lapwit can act as a carbonwould help reduce lein the atmosphere.

actually go and look up these new concepts andpick them up for the design of the house.

Not all of their ideas were entirely practical.The cylindrical shape was partly a reaction tothe very boxy designs they saw in Amsterdam.By the end of three days of seeing nothing butcuboid shapes we decided to throw somethingelse into it, says Payne, although their alternativecaused them a few design headaches. Originally,the idea was that the house would rotate so thatthe windows would always face the sun, saysMelzer. That idea was soon abandoned, but theshape did have its benefits. Unlike the houses wesaw in Amsterdam, our house had a basementarea which was partially below water, explainsMelzer. That puts pressure on the concrete. One

of the advantages of it being round is that likewith an arched bridge its got a lot more strength.

Planning for the futureSo would such a house be practical to build?Definitely, says Han, who nonetheless believesthere is a reticence among people in the UK tolive actually on, rather than beside, water. Inthe future who knows? If the Dutch peoplecan live happily in that lifest yle, Im sure morepeople in the UK can adapt.

However, as the students discovered, even inthe Netherlands developers often have troublegetting planning permission for floating houses.Here in the UK where such structures are muchrarer, obtaining planning permission is even moreof an issue, and in the cur rent economic climatemortgage companies are generally unwilling tofinance potential buyers. Even so, there are somedevelopments currently in the pipeline, the mostadvanced of which is a mix of office buildings andhouses planned for the River Clyde near Glasgow. Two years on, all three are still enthusiasticabout the idea of floating houses, a lthoughfor the time being they are bui lding on thesolid foundations of their degrees in moretraditional areas of civil engineering. Payne is

now a tunnelling engineer at Atkins Globalin Epsom, the engineering consultancybehind the Olympic Park. Shes working ondesigns for the underground sections of theHigh Speed 2 (HS2) rail project, a project onwhich Melzer is also involved, although forengineers Capita Symonds in East Grinstead.Cubbon meanwhile is putting the geotechnicalcalculations she made on the house to good usedesigning the foundations for offshore windfarms and oil rigs for geotechnic specialistFugro GeoConsulting. While I was workingon the house I was designing the piles for it, shesays, so thats very similar to what I do now, juston a much bigger scale.

Above from topLindsey CubSophie Payne and Jonathan M

WITH THE DESIGNPROJECT WERE

TRYING TO SEEHOW CREATIVEOUR STUDENTS ARE

ENGINEERINGDESIGN IS ALWAYS

ABOUT OPTIONS,AND COMPROMISE...COST IS ALWAYS

A LIMITING FACTOR

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Autumn 2012 //esuch//Autumn 2012

ol and beyond

ulars

rom Bristol toLatin Americaa Sterling interviews James Browne(BSc 2000),eral Manager, North Latin America for Philips Electronics

My degree trained me to think bothquantitatively and qualitatively, and I applythis methodology today.If we are goingto successfully introduce a new product intoMexico for example, we need to do everythingfrom deep consumer research so we canunderstand their wants and needs, through

to building a precise business case.

Research is an essential part of what we do.Even within this region, what and how peoplecook varies widely, which means they requiredifferent kitchen appliances to suit their wayof life. As the General Manager, I have a teamresponsible for understanding the differentmarkets and consumer needs, and forensuring that we bring the right productsto the right markets.

Philips is in a strong position; for yearsweve been living, breathing and

researching Latin Americas growingeconomy.Tailoring our products to meet an

assortment of cultural needs has paid off,so much so that we are always lookingto expand.

My degree helped in training mefor an international career. Wehad a sizable breadth of sub-subjects

within the course from mathematicalmapping, human and physical geography

to urban and international development. Theyrequired us to think bigger about geopolitical

matters and to focus on understanding the worldin a broader format, which is vital if you want towork in a multinational company such as Phil ips.

JamesBrowneportraitStephenShepherd

me at Bristol was priceless for twons. Firstly, its where I met my wife, anddly, it provided me with a degree from onebest geography schools in the country.reason why I chose to study at Bristol wasablished international reputation, whichroved to be an asset.

a member of the Athletics Unionmittee (UBAU) at Bristol provided

th crucial transferable skills.myself busy as a member of theCountry Club and the Hockey Club.

also the Hockey Club Treasurerwas my job to keep it runningally by keeping an eye on clubership fees, sponsorships,travel expenses and social. Although in a slightly different

xt, the skills I honed as Treasurermilar to the ones that I deal withay-to-day basis in my current job.

e to work for Philips becauseunderlying ethos: bringingher design and technology tove the quality of peoples lives.the company, its a privilege to be

nsible for bringing consumer productsdifferent markets from Mexico to Peru,ay that meets peoples needs.

the recession, manynational companies are turning

ds emerging markets,suchn America, where there is a morened, natural growth. But you cannotrive in these markets and expect tocessful. Its vital to understand thatpromising countries are culturallyfferent and have a unique rangeds.

BRISTOLSINTERNATIONALREPUTATIONPROVED TOBE AN ASSET

learning resources are shared by professorsonline. In 2007, a student survey revealed thatthe Wills Library was an inspiring place to study,with a scholarly atmosphere, friendly and helpfulstaff, and impressive architecture. But the samesurvey also demonstrated that improvementsneeded to be made to reflect modernmethodologies, for instance enabling studentsto plug in their laptops.

In response, the University launched acampaign in 2008 to raise money for the WillsLibrary refurbishment. The aim is to protectthe Grade II* listed heritage of the Library, whileintegrating modern technology and providingspecial support for modern learning styles.Students will still be able to enjoy the tall,

Wills Memorial Library

Wills Memorial Library:modernising the heart of the University

Libraries are the treasure trovesof knowledge. The presenceof an outstanding library in auniversity raises the quality oflearning its students can unlock.

Since 1925, the Wills Memorial Library has beenat the heart of Bristol University, evolving andgrowing with it over time. Today, the Library isundergoing another important change, as it isrevitalised to meet the needs of students in the21st century.

Under the elaborate cream arches of the

Wills Library, youll find students reaching out forlaw journals, or leafing through earth sciencestextbooks, on time-worn wooden shelves. Somewill be ploughing through an EU directive, whileothers may even have cause to turn carefullythrough the pages of an important, rare lawbook. Through its turnstiles, the Library recordedover 240,000 visits last year, and issued morethan 60,000 loans.

But libraries are evolving along with allacademic study; laptops, tablet devices, andeven sophisticated mobile phones are vital toolsfor todays student. Every year, more journalsare only available online, essays must be typedrather than handwritten, and research tools and

Feature

THE LIBRARY IS

BEING REVITALISEDTO MEET THENEEDS OF TODAYSSTUDENTS

cathedral-like windows, looping balcosoft wooden furnishings, but will now aaccess to flexible study rooms, powerfaster computers, improved online resmore efficient lighting, and comfortabWith considerable leadership and supthe Law Campaign Board, a total of been raised so far in philanthropic sup200 alumni, staff and friends. Their docombined with over 1 million of Univeinvestment, will provide students with the-art facility in which to study. Donatstill very much welcomed (bristol.ac.u

building work, especially of this naturehiding unforeseen costs under a heavParts of the Library will remain op

the refurbishment process, with the modernised and refreshed by OctobTo limit disruption to current studentsrenovation has been planned in stag1a was completed at the start of the 2academic year, phase 1b will finish by2013, and phase 2 will take p lace duSeptember 2013. The fully refurbishewill open completely by October 201opening ceremony will take place to alumni and others who have supporproject over the years.

The Law Library was anintrinsic part of my university

experience at Bristol, andfor me it was an invaluablevenue for academic researchand social interaction.David Pang, MA 2006

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Autumn 2012 //esuch//Autumn 2012

ure

mni shaping technology

Lee and I are a pairof musiciansinspired to make theworld of music a funand creative place.We are developingan innovative,motion-sensitivecontroller, to be

used primarily by DJs and guitarists toenhance the music they produce.

At Bristol, we both had similar ideas forour final-year projects, utilising sensors tocontrol music. Lee won a cash prize andpatent from Bristols RED New EnterpriseCompetition for business ideas, andafter developing a baseball hat version ofhis project he asked me if I would like tojoin him. I jumped at the chance and webecame TangibleFX.

We soon realised that there werecertain limitations to playing guitar whilst

controlling the sound with your headmovements, and so we turned our attentionto the MIDI-Moov. This used the sameprinciple that accelerometers controleffects but incorporated the technologyinto a little device that could be strappedeither to your body or to the instrument itself.

During the prototype stages,I promoted it at club nights and while DJing,which helped me realise the potential ofbringing the MIDI-Moov concept to the DJ

market. Meanwhile, Lee was working as aniPhone developer, which revealed to himthe possibility of bringing the MIDI-Moovconcept to the iPhone App platform. So theiMoov was born!

The iMoov allows effects to becomepart of the performance. It can be usedto add modulations to bring a humanisticlife to standard loops and samples inproductions. It can still be strapped to yourbody or instrument and let you move to

control musical effects. There is alsoapp called MoovFX Echo, which alloguitarists to run the sound of their guinto their phone, attach their phone tguitar, and raise and lower the guitarneck to control a range of echo effec

Our vision is that this concept ofmotion control will have a positive aunique impact on the production anperformance of music beyond ourlifetimes. Its vital that we work with a

variety of musicians, and were alwaon the lookout for more people to geinvolved and try out our products.

Lee and I have always been driveby the desire to change and improvemusic industry and this is at the foreof everything we do. One of t he biggreasons that Lee and I work as a teathat we both share an incredible pasfor music. I would go so far as to saythe most important thing in both our

Daniel Newton(BSc 2010) and Lee Arromba (MEng 2010)Founders, TangibleFX

Alumni shaping

technologyComputer science

After studyingaeronauticalengineering at

Bristol, I naturally gravitated towards thefield of propulsion. Luckily, I was able toget direct experience working in the fieldof space propulsion straight after mydegree and Ive never looked back.

At Reaction Engines, we are currentlydeveloping an advanced propulsionsystem that would enable low-costaccess to space, by means of a reusablespaceplane. The engine is known as theSynergetic Air-Breathing and RocketEngine (or SABRE), and is a unique cycle,combining both air-breathing and rocketpropulsion system technologies.

My job is to enhance aerodynamicand thermodynamic performance inengines. I then facilitate the design, helpwith tests, and work to optimise specificengine component performance, while also

considering the optimisation of the enginecycle as a whole.

One of my big projects at t he momentis to investigate methods of improving thethermodynamic performance of a largeheat exchanger that forms a critical part ofthe SABRE engine cycle. To do this, I hadto design an ultra-low-speed transient

heat transfer wind tunnel from which Icould evaluate the baseline performanceof this component and carry out tests onalternative design solutions.

The purpose of SABRE is to develop amore economical means of travelling tolow-Earth-orbit, which is an essential steptowards mankinds long-term prosperity.Reaction Engines ground-breakingpropulsion technology will lead to sometruly remarkable changes in how weget into space and what we do in space.Its fantastic to be part of something soinnovative that captures the bigger picture.

Dr Helen Webber(MEng 2004)Performance Engineer, Reaction Engines

Aerospace engine technology

cent years have seen a step change in thehnological revolution with life-changingvices growing faster, smaller and moreovative every day.University of Bristol alumni

making our lives easier with innovativechines, apps, software and platforms.

As well as providing oindustry links and intethe University also proopportunities for schobursaries and studen

One such bursarydonated by the JameFoundation. A total owas given to the Univof Bristol to encouragyoung people to pursinterest in science, dengineering. The funprovide financial supoutstanding new PhDwho demonstrate finneed, passion, and efor design in enginee

Bristols Engineerheritage is world fa

Engineeringhistory

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ure

mni shaping technology

My biggest ventureinto microchiptechnology started

he technology recession of 2002, whenet Stan Boland, Nigel Toon and Simonowles, and we co-founded Icera Inc.In the early days, we thought we couldte a small piece of example physicaler software and sell the basebandps to phone companies. But we endedwith a much bigger mission: acquiring

dio frequency (RF) chip company,nsing a million lines of protocolck, and setting up development andtomer support sites across the globe.We were designing high-performanceular modems, which are at the heart ofry smart phone, mobile phone, laptop,book, tablet, e-book and more. Cellulardems consist of two pieces of silicon:RF chip and the baseband chip. Thechip is used to modulate and demodulatebaseband signal from the RF carrier.baseband chip uses advanced signal

cessing and communication theoreticalorithms to extract the signal and providew bitstream for vocoders (the algorithmsd to compress and decompressech signals) or TCP-IP packets.

Stephen Allpress (BEng 1990)Vice President, Nvidia

Cellular communications

Aerospace manufactureDr Andrew Clarke(PhD 1999) Vice-President of

Engineering, GKN Aerospace

GKN Aerospace is a globalengineering group with over44,000 employees, producingtechnologies and productsat the heart of vehicles andaircraft. Recently, they signed aMemorandum of Understandingreflecting a shared desire tomaintain and develop theengagement between theengineering industry andthe University.

The amount of raw compute requiredto do this process is immense. Todayshandsets can do between 10 and 100billion arithmetic operations every secondand we use about 80 million transistorsto achieve this. At Icera, we were thefirst company that could do the wholeprocess in software, rather than havingto rely on dedicated processing engines.So when the time came and we sold Icerato Nvidia for $450 million, we had over

300 employees and our chips were out-performing many of those coming fromleading companies in the sector.

The global technology companyNvidia is best known as the inventor of theGPU (Graphics Processing Unit), whichprovides spectacular visuals. Theseinfluence everything from PC games andvisual effects in movies, to designs of golfclubs and jumbo jets. Researchers utiliseGPUs to advance the frontiers of sciencewith high-performance computers. Thecompany holds more than 2,300 patentsworldwide, including ones covering ideasessential to modern computing. I lovedworking on modems but it was really hardto explain to someone what it does. Nowthat were part of a successful graphics

IllustrationsParkoPolo

Bristol in pieces

Regulars

In 1950,after the announcement that ProfessorCecil Powell was to be awarded the NobelPrize in Physics, the worlds media visited himin Bristol. What they found was perfect for theirpictorials: Powell and his research group werereleasing giant balloons into the stratosphere.

The balloons carried photographic plates thatrecorded the activities of cosmic rays as they hitthe atoms in the Earths atmosphere. After initialtrials launching rubber balloons from the turretsof the HH Wills Physics Laboratory, Powelllooked for a material that would enable larger,more stable balloons to be made. His team hadsome success with polyethylene panels, whichthey sealed together using a flat iron. We wereencouraged to make a bigger one, but we couldhardly undertake the ironing method, Powell

recalled. The solution was a 75-foot-long tableand a hot-air machine. One of several launchings from Bristol tookplace at Coombe Dingle in September 1950.Around 30 people tethered the 100-foot balloonas it filled with hydrogen; attached to the tail wasits scientific payload of photographic plates andradio transmitters, along with a parachute anda timing device an alarm clock connected tosome batteries that released the apparatusat a predetermined point. A message writtenin English, French and German offered thefinder 1 for the return of the plates to Bristol,where they were scanned by a team of femalevolunteers (co-ordinated by Powells wife, Isobel,and referred to affectionately, in the language ofthe era, as scan popsies) .

POWELL WASRELEASING GIABALLOONS INTO

THE STRATOSP As for the unburdened balloon, Pdescribed how it rose to 65,000 feetcrossing the North Sea, descended village which it more or less envelop enumber of rewards claimed is not rebut Powell did recall one finde r in Gerefused the 1 and asked for a pair otrousers instead.

What happened when ...the balloons went up

NumbersBristol Dental School

The Bristol Dental School has beentraining dentists for 100 years.See our cover feature, p18.

dental operatingunits/treatment

stations

fillinpe

142

teeth extractedper day

60dentures made

per year

1,600

200600patients treatedat the School

per day

company, were finally cool.Mobile technology has been evolving

at rocket speed. Only twenty yearsago, mobile phones were enormousTrigger-Happy TV-type bricks, and youcould only make a phone call using ananalogue FM system. Today, Nvidiasmobile processors power a broadrange of products from smart phones tosupercomputers. With Tegra 3 youve gotfive Cortex A9 processors (each capable

of running up to 1.6GHz) and significantGPU processing with an HDMI output,all in your pocket using a small batter y. Itdoesnt stop there; our next generationof devices incorporate a better version ofTegra 3, integrating a new generation ofIcera modem for fourth-generation LTEcellular systems.

Its been really exciting to see theIcera technology that weve created beingintegrated into mass-market products.These very latest devices will be outon the shelves next year, with peopleenjoying the breathtaking quality of thegraphics. The speed at which youll beable to communicate with the web willcompletely change the way people usemobile devices today.

ing

tin Stapleton1991) Joint principal,

Capital Management LLP

an independent venturecompany providing funding toe and technology companiesprovide systems that allowhentication of pharmaceuticals

point of dispensing, using high-y technology.

Visual effectsDr Ben Morris(BEng 1993, Hon DEng 2011)

Visual effects engineer

and VFX Supervisor,Framestore-CFC

Morris models dynamic, complexrobotic cameras and mechanicalrigs, and derives algorithms tosimulate lighting, shading andrendering in CGI images. Sincegraduating from Bristol, his careerhas flourished and hes worked onsome of the biggest Oscar-winningblockbusters of recent times,including Babe, Charlie and theChocolate Factory, Gladiator,The Golden Compassand severalof the Harry Potter films.

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Cover feature

Weve come a long way since dentistrymeant getting your teeth pulled out by thelocal barber. Even in the last few decades,the field has seen huge changes andimprovements in quality of care. As theBristol Dental Schoolcelebrates itscentenary, researchers likeDr MicheleBarbour(PhD 2003, PGCE 2007) andclinicians likeDr Lisa McNally(PhD 2010)are helping to keep it at the cutting edge.

Brightfutures

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er feature

ht futures

ne hundred years after its first cohort of denta lsurgeons graduated, the Bristol Dental School(or to use its full name, the School of Oral and

al Sciences) is looking anything but long in the tooth.are new training and e-learning facilities, a

ctured cur riculum, and a completely overhauledsions process. The Schools research activity,while, has never been more focused or ambitious, andults feed straight into the traini ng of young clinicians.uld take more than a couple of pages to do justice to theof work being done at the Dental School. But talking

me of the people doing that work is a good start.

ce and soda

le tend to work in either the clinical environment orysical sciences environment, so to be at the boundariese is very interesting, says Dr Michele Barbour. I feel

ucky to have found this niche.rbour began as a physicist, but wanted to apply hero a dif ferent discipline. I looked at a wide range ofts, and there was a PhD opportunity at Bristol to lookeloping a soft drink that didnt damage the teet h, sheTeeth are resilient under normal conditions, but theyghtly soluble in acids. Most common are the acidsced by sugar-eating bacteria in the mouth, whichooth decay. Improvements in oral health have led tone in tooth decay in most of the developed world, butosion is another matter.eve seen an increase in erosion from the acids in fizzyjuices, wine, and even herbal teas, says Barbour. There

ot of interest in developing a soft drink that doesnte the teeth. It has to be acidic, or it wont taste fruity andin the way that the consumer would expect. We triedg calcium, phosphate and different salts in various ratios.e problem with that, she realised, is that nobody stickskind of soft drin k. Far better to develop something totoothpaste or mouthwash, which would protect the

against all comers. The funders of her PhD agreed tort two more years of research, dur ing which Barbourd at proteins and polymers that could be added topaste and other products.

rial gainsrward a few years, and Barbour currently Seniorrer in Dental Materials Science and Biomaterials nowthe Oral Nanoscience Group. This group examines theal and chemical processes that occur on surfaces in the

h, and is seeking to develop nanoscale films on toothes to prevent acid erosion. One major challenge is tot the teeth in a way that cant be detected. Weve had auccess with a mil k protein called casein, which absorbsy to the teeth and hangs a round for a long time, sheLots of proteins absorb but come off quite easily; caseinaround and creates a layer on the surface of about six tonometres very thin, but still very effective at reducingsolution rate of the teeth.

Barbours group is now turning its attention to developingantimicrobial nanoparticles. A couple of years ago I founda way to make nanoparticles of an organic antim icrobialagent, says Barbour. Im looking at how to apply those todental filling mater ials. Its very common for tooth decay tocontinue around a filling; but if the filling material had anantimicrobial ingredient, we could nip that in the bud.

The same principle could be applied to dental andorthopaedic implants, which can fail because of bacterialcontamination. An antimicrobial surface for the implantmaterial could solve that problem. It has to integrate w ith thebone, and to withstand chewing, or walking, depending onwhere it is, says Barbour. To have the antim icrobial functionlast for months, even years, is the big challenge. She is alsohoping to collaborate with researchers in the Medical Schooland the Faculties of Engineering and Sc ience to develop an

antimicrobial coating for central venous catheters, whichcould greatly reduce the incidence of bloodstream infections. With so much innovation afoot its crucial that Bristolsdental students learn to navigate through this ever-changing

landscape. Luckily, Barbour is on hand to guide them.The clinical lecturers teach them the techniques of, forinstance, cutting a cavity for an amalgam filling, she says.My job is to explain the mater ials science behind it: whatamalgam is made of, how it works, and why it must behandled in the way the clinical lecturer has specified. Thestudents have to look at materials with an informed, criticaleye. With new dental fill ing materials launched onto themarket roughly twice a year, thats an important skill to learn.

Beyond the drillDental students begin their training with more basic skills.After practising s imple procedures on phantom heads(manikins, that is, not members of the spirit world), theybegin treating live patients at t he Dental Hospital. Among

the clinical lecturers is Dr Lisa McNally, who teaches thetechniques of restorative dentistry: treatment of gum disease,root canals, replacement of missing teeth the bread-and-butter work for your general dental practitioner. The governing philosophy of oral and dental healthhas evolved somewhat in recent decades. Its much lessof a dri ll-fill c ycle now, and more about prevention,oral hygiene and diet, she says. People are not just livinglonger, theyre retaining their teeth for longer. Not solong ago youd have pulled all their teeth out and put incomplete sets of dentures. Thats not acceptable any more. Equally outdated is the idea of the dentist as a patricianfigure who always knows best. Its now much moreabout explaining the options and gett ing the patientsinformed consent, says McNally. Thats a major part of the

ck Riddle

LeftDr Lisa McNally Right Dr Michele Barbour

professionalism that dental undergraduates have to learn.They take modules on psychology, for example.

It must be easier for the Dental School to cultivate a morerespectful attitude now that its own approach to teaching ismuch more humane than in the days of marathon lectures.You cant engage students like that, says McNally. We usee-learning, practicals, mobile apps... When I was a st udentwe were grateful if we got a handout. But one thing that hasnt changed is the volume of work.Make no mistake, dental school is tough. From day onetheyre working a five-day week, 8am to 5pm, with onlyWednesday afternoons off, says McNally. Its a heavycourse, and it lasts five years. That sounds daunting, but itsreassuring to know that dentists must complete such intensivetraining before being let loose on our mouths.

The futures biteIts beneficial, too, for the students to have their trainingso well informed by the Schools research. I think thatsa large part of the appeal for students, says Barbour.Personally, I really value working in a dental schoolwhere research is a priority.

Research that gives us something to chew on, plusclinical training that helps ensure we have something tochew with: as it enters its second century, the Bristol DentalSchools brand of research-informed training is the idealcombination for the future of dentistr y.For more information visit bristol.ac.uk/dental

STUDENTS HAVE TO LOOKAT MATERIALS WITH ANINFORMED, CRITICAL EYE

DentalschoolphotosNickSmith//IllustrationPeskimo

Oral for the best

The School of Oral and Dental Sciencesisnt just about the gnashers...

Healthy mouth, healthy body

The healthy bacteria in our mouth can sometimes causeproblems elsewhere. Professor Howard Jenkinsonhas studied organisms such asStreptococcusandCandida, and the harm they can cause if they enter thebloodstream via, for example, bleeding gums. This canlead to blood clots, heart disease, arthritis, and possiblydiabetes. All of which makes a persuasive argument forthe benefits of brushing your teeth.

Biomedical Research Unit

A new Biomedical Research Unit in Nutrition, Diet andLifestyle, funded by the National Institute for HealthResearch (NIHR), opened in spring 2012. The Unit,directed by Professor Andy Ness, will use the Schoolsresearch findings on causal associat ions in nutrition todevelop interventions to improve the health of peoplewith conditions related to poor or sub-optimal nutrition.

Head, neck and cleft

The NIHR is also funding a programme th at aims toimprove the quality of care for children born with cleftlip and palate and those suffering from head and neckcancer. This includes an evaluation of the impactof the centralisation of cleft ser vices following therecommendations made by the Clinical StandardsAdvisory Group in 1998, and a clinical cohort study.

The Cleft Collective

Cleft is one of the most common congenital abnormalitiesin the world, but little is known about its causes. The CleftCollective, an 11million project led by the universitiesof Bristol and Manchester, is the worlds first s tudy ofthe factors involved in cleft lip and palate. The aim isto collect DNA, tissue samples and other data from allcleft children born i n the UK and to follow them throughto adulthood. The project is funded by the HealingFoundation, the NHS and other university partners.

PEOPLE ARE NOT JUSTLIVING LONGER, THEYRERETAINING THEIR TEETH

FOR LONGER

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ck Riddle

hen you pick up, say, the Bible,orThe Girl with the DragonTattoo, the chances are that

ont read it with the constant

eness that its a translation. For moste, that would diminish the pleasure ofg, which is why good translation intream publishing, at any rate is anble craft.deed, multilingual people often do itut thinking: Sometimes I will readr something, and afterwards wonder

her it was in French or in English, saysHarrow, Professor of French. If youre

uist, you try to inhabit the language toint where it becomes part of your skin.the same time, the student of modernages must remain critically aware oforkings of language, especially when

translating a text. It isnt just a matter ofchanging Language A into Language B:Its much more multi-nodal, says Har row.It ricochets off in all directions. We want

students to think about the cultural contextin which the text was produced: who wroteit, and under what kinds of pressures? Andwho am I translating it for?

Living translationThe closer one looks at the process of translation,the more questions arise. Harrow is keen to createopportunities for tackling them by bringingtogether academics, professional translators,critics and publishers. The most recent eventwas Living Translation, a day of workshopsand discussions that she organised at Bristol withJulian Evans (a writer, translator and formerRoyal Literary Fund Writing Fellow in the

ure

anging words

nslation is easy to take for granted, but academiauldnt get far without it.Professor Susan Harrowandeagues in the School of Modern Languages are shining

me light on the process of translation and the questionsaises; and students around the world are taking BristolsAin Translationwithout ever setting foot on campus.

Faculty of Arts ). A lot of these people wouldntnormally come into contact, and we werestunned by how popular the events were withthe public, says Harrow. It gave us an insight into

some of the issues for publishers. For example,some are commissioning fiction with an eyeto how easy it will be to translate. That putspressure on writers to write in certa in ways, butwhat if it helps to expand their readership abroad?Theres more than one side to that kind of issue.

Translation in a broader sense is becominga major topic in research: the Arts andHumanities Research Council recentlyestablished Translating Cultures as a theme,encouraging projects that examine the roleof translation in the transmiss ion and sharingof languages, values, beliefs, histories andnarratives. At last, it seems, translation iscoming out of the shadows.

YOU TRY TO INHABITTHE LANGUAGE

TO THE POINTWHERE IT BECOMESPART OF YOUR SKINTranslation: a livingTranslation is a huge global industry, andtheres a shortage of good mother-tongueEnglish translators, says Adrienne Mason,Director of the MA programme in Translation,which has been running in the School ofModern Languages since 2009. Besidestranslation and editorial work, all sorts of jobs

require a degree of linguistic skill, pif youre working abroad.

The programme is one of a handBristol taught entirely via distance l

using Skype, Blackboard and otherapplications. Its students are based efrom Hong Kong to the CaribbeanA lot of them simply couldnt comesays Mason. Moreover, she adds, thof technology on translation is so rayoure not comfortable working onit you wont be able to make a liv i

And theres definitely a living toBut anyone planning to forge a caretranslating works of literature is l ikeunstuck. The bulk of the demand cindustry (think of every multilinguinstructions youve knitted your brogovernments (all those NHS leafletAboveProfessor Susan Harrow

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Listings

Events

CalendarDecember 2012 July 2013

Unless otherwise stated, more information and booking detailsare available from bristol.ac.uk/alumni/eventsor by calling+44 (0)117 331 8204. The events programme is always beingupdated, so keep an eye on the website for the latest event news.

December

Thursday 6 DecemberConvocation Receptionand Awards//Bristol

Meet current students, members ofConvocation and staff. Learn aboutlife at Bristol for todays students.

February

Saturday 2 FebruaryWills Hall Association AnnualReception//Bristol

Enjoy drinks, canaps and goodcompany at this annual reception,held at Wills Hall. All Wills HallAssociation members, current andformer residents, and their guestsare warmly invited.

Tuesday 26 FebruaryDiscussion withDr Paul Fisher, Executive

Director for Markets at theBank of England//London

The London Branch of Universityof Bristol Alumni has arranged anevening with Dr Paul Fisher (BSc1980). Paul has been a seniormember of the Bank of Englandstaff since 1995 and is a memberof the Monetary Policy Committee.This event may be of particularinterest to those working in thefinance sector. An informal drinksreception will follow the discussion.

April

Wednesday 24 AprilLaw and the Media accredited Law CPDEvent//London

Our third annual, accredited lawCPD event will focus on law andthe media. Hosted by DavidClarke, Deputy Vice-Chancellorand Professor of Law, additionalspeakers will be announcedonline soon. This will be a uniqueopportunity to network with fellowalumni and gain CPD credits. Aninformal drinks reception will followthe event.

Date to be confirmedEvening tour of SomersetHouse//London

The London Branch of Universityof Bristol Alumni have organiseda private tour of Somerset House

by the Director, Gwyn Miles(BSc 1969) and Chief OperatingOfficer, Mark Stuart-Smith (BA1985). Somerset House is a majorarts and cultural centre; designedby Sir William Chambers, it is oneof the countrys finest 18th-centurybuildings. The private tour willbe followed by an informaldrinks reception.

May

Wednesday 1 MayStudent, staff and alumnigolf challenge 2013//Bristol

The third annual golf challenge,organised by the Bristol Branchof the University of Bristol AlumniAssociation, will see a team ofalumni take on a combined teamof staff and students. To play forthe alumni team, please emailJohn Bramhall (BSc 1975) [email protected].

July

Friday 5 to Sunday 7 JulyBristol Alumni Reunion2013//Bristol

The Alumni Reunion is your annualopportunity to come back toBristol to visit old haunts and meetfellow alumni. The full programme

of events (which includes theConvocation Annual GeneralMeeting) will be available online.

Represenyour alumcommun

At the 2012 AGM it wdecided that, from 2Convocation Electioinclude distance votbeen successfully ulast two years for CoRepresentatives on

Online nominationsnow open for the poof: Deputy Chairmamembers of the ConCommittee; and CoRepresentatives onPlease see bristol.aalumni/convocation/

The deadline for comapplications, includ

the support of twonominators, is 28 Fe2013. Email remindthese opportunitiesthe application deawill be sent to all aluwhom Bristol holdsemail addresses.

Online voting will tafrom May 2013. Poswill be available on rfrom the CampaignAlumni Relations te+44 (0)117 928 7938,[email protected]

CalendarillustrationAlbertoAntoniazzi

SusanHarrowportraitNickSmith//AdrienneMasonandMarianneAiles

DavePratt

ure

nge of languages from Polish to Urdu),odies such as the European Commissionsorate-General for Translation. Each hasn distinct set of requirements, and the MAmme aims to train its students, among other, to recognise what those requirements are.he programme is general enough thatn have, say, two or three students doingguese, one doing Czech, and a coupleMandarin, says Mason. You couldnt

course for two students, but the principlesslation that we teach are relevant to all

nguages that we c ater for.gmatism is paramount, but craft

d always play a role, says Harrow: In themercial sector, your work has to be as good

ible, though you have to get through an volume to make a liv ing. But the topf literary translators work with a verysense of craft. Thats something that we

filters down into the classroom contextforms the attitudes of students who are

ng for the commercia l world.

ving loud and clearation is now a key player in the field ofion studies, which examines how worksand literature are received and interpreteddiences during specific eras. The Artsy, especially the Classics DepartmentProfessor Charles Martindale (PhDhelped to establish reception studiesUK, and consequently, says Mason,s a great interest in tr anslation here.e and her colleague, Dr Mariannemined this interest in a recent seriesrkshops on translation, reception andpriation. The sessions looked beyondrn languages to engage w ith work atl on classics, the Bible and medievalure. Some of the MA Translation studentso Bristol for these workshops, says Ailes,

use it also gave them a more theoretical

ctual background to their practical work.es own transl ation work includes aolume edition of a chronicle of theCrusade, Ambroises Estoire de la GuerreThe purpose of that was to make the

mation available to historians , she says. Itsmuch a good read as a close translation:ronicler gives all sorts of details about

ur, weapons and so on, so I had to makehad the right technical terms in Engl ish.oking at translation as a form ofpriation can highlight its politicales, says Ailes: A lot of the texts thatorking on were written during the HundredWar, and sometimes used to promote the

English claim to the French throne, which waslargely what the Hundred Years War was about.

Theres still some debate as to whethertranslation itself can be considered a form ofresearch hence the tendency for academicsto translate literary works in their spare time,as a labour of love but Bristol is helping tochange perceptions a little. Were one of thefirst UK universities to offer a PhD by ExtendedTranslation, says Mason. That involves doing atranslation of about 60,000 words of a significantpiece of work that offers a range of difficulties.You submit that with a 30,000-wordcommentary. I think that puts Bristol ahead ofthe game: the external examiner has alreadydescribed it as a leading-edge programme.

Craft and complexityTechnology offers ever newer, sl icker toolsfor the translator: machine translation,computer-aided translation, subtitling

software... but the heart of the process willalways require a living, thinking, feelinghuman being to keep the nuances pumping.

Ive always encouraged students todevelop a sense of the enjoyment of words,their semantic resonance and their materiality,says Harrow, so that they see translation asa practice to be refined. It helps to instil veryhealthy habits of working and re-working,along with evaluation, negotiation, deepthinking, and judgement. It teaches youthat some things arent really translatable.Translation is a complex, non-reducible,perplexing, exasperating, pleasurable process all those things , quite often at the same time.

AboveAdrienne Mason (left) and Dr Marianne Ailes

STUDENTS AREENCOURAGED TODEVELOP A SENSEOF THE ENJOYMENTOF WORDS

anging words

Bristol renditions

Literary works translatedby members of the Schoolof Modern Languages

A History of the Gardens of

Versaillesby Michel Baridon

Translated by

Dr Adrienne Mason

Estoire de la Guerre Sainte

by Ambroise

Translated by

Dr Marianne Ailes

The Last of the Lineage of

Joan of Arc and other historical

writingsby Alexander Pushkin

Translated by

Professor Michael Basker

Sleepwalking Land,Under

the Frangipani,The Blind

Fishermanand other novels

by Mia Couto

Translated by

Professor David Brookshaw

The Notebooks of Malte Laurids

Briggeby Rainer Maria Rilke

Translated by

Professor Robert Vilain

(forthcoming)

If youre organisingevent for alumni anwould like our helppublicising it, [email protected]

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ngs

mni in memoriam

University extends its sincere condolences to the friends and families ofe listed below for whom we have received notificat ion of death.

of degree date

ed PeachB 1937)uary 2012, aged 98

ray (ne Mitford)40, Diploma 1941)y 2012, aged 92

weed9, PGCE 1940)e 2012, aged 94

k Iberal41)bruary 2012, aged 91

sor Douglas Lloyd41, DSc 1972)ed 92

e Dorrington43)1, aged 89

andant Mary Talbot3, Hon LLD 1993)2, aged 90

ricea 1946)bruary 2012

Hon Lord Amos Chilver47, PhD 1951, DSc 1962,c 1983)y 2012, aged 85

h Keiler47)e 2012, aged 84

y Merriweather47)bruary 2012, aged 85

Arne Rolstad (ne Chedzoy)47)uary 2012

Waterhouse7, PGCE 1948, MA 1952)il 2012, aged 85

Hollwey(ne Howarth)48)il 2012, aged 84

night48, Cert Ed 1949)rch 2012, aged 85

d Silver9, Cert Ed 1950)

y 2012, aged 83Corner50, Cert Ed 1951)cember 2011, aged 83

ek Dear51, PhD 1955)rch 2012, aged 85

oskings1951, Cert 1989, BA 1993)y 2012, aged 86

d King51)rch 2012, aged 89

Pine51)y2011

Alan Speed(BA 1951, Cert Ed 1954)died January 2012, aged 82

Ronald Warren(BSc 1951)died November 2011, aged 83

The Rev Michael Whetter(BA 1951)died May 2012, aged 81

Ursula Bell(ne Delaney)(BA 1952, Cert Ed 1953)died 2012, aged 81

Dr John Davies(BSc 1952, PhD 1955)died 2012, aged 81

Emeritus Professor John Pridham

(BSc 1952, PhD 1956)died May 2012, aged 82

Peter Rex(BA 1952)died March 2012, aged 81

Dr Mary Wood(MB ChB 1952)died December 2011

Dr John Griffin(MB ChB 1954)died April 2012, aged 81

Margaret Thomas(ne Jaques)(BVSc 1954)died April 2012, aged 79

John May(BA 1955)died January 2012, aged 78

Franklyn Bovey(BA 1956)died aged 77

Peter Burnham(BA 1956)died April 2012, aged 76

Emeritus Professor Michael Cooper(BSc 1957)died April 2012, aged 76

Patty Grimsley(ne Good)(BA 1957)died November 2011, aged 75

Gordon Tucker(BDS 1957)died March 2012, aged 81

Emeritus Professor Robert Giddings

(BA 1958, MLitt 1965)died March 2012, aged 76

Dr Frank Lewis(MB ChB 1958)died 2012, aged 86

Dr Robert Munn(BSc 1958, PhD 1962)died Januar y 2011, aged 75

David Phiri(Testamur 1960)died January 2012, aged 77

Martin Charles(BA 1961)died January 2012, aged 71

Anthony Edwards(BA 1962)died 2012, aged 74

Diane Henderson(ne Young)(LLB 1962)died June 2011, aged 70

Ian Burgess(BSc 1963)died 2012, aged 71

Dr Ahmet Lunel(BSc 1963, PhD 1967)died 2012, aged 72

Eric Rundle(BSc 1963)died June 2012, aged 69

Pamela Whyte(ne Baigent)(BSc 1963)died June 2012, aged 70

Paul Sayzeland

(BDS 1964)died April 2012, aged 72

Dr Richard Woodhouse(BSc 1964, PhD 2010)died May 2012, aged 69.

Dr Geoffrey Bignold(BSc 1966)died August 2012, aged 67

Robert Franklin(BA 1966)died 2012, aged 67

Vivian Coghill(BA 1967)died 2012, aged 66

Professor Terence Hamblin(MB ChB 1967)died January 2012, aged 68

Janet Miller (ne Walker)(BA 1968)died March 2012, aged 65

Dr Graham Steer(MB ChB 1968)died November 2011, aged 67

John Fieldhouse(BDS 1969)died 2012, aged 66

Kenneth Matthews(BA 1969)died May 2012, aged 84

Paul Whitaker(BA 1970, PGCE 1971)died 2012, aged 64

Clive White

(BA 1972)died April 2012, aged 60

Howard Todd(BSc 1975)died 2012, aged 65

Nicholas Townsend(BSc 1976)died 2012, aged 57

Michael Graves(BA 1977)died June 2012, aged 55

Ian Crouch(BDS 1980)died August 2011, aged 62

Olivia Delyle-Turner(BEd 1982)died August 2011

Dr Eric Roseberry(PhD 1982)died 2012, aged 82

Evan Wright(Hon MA 1984)died April 2012, aged 87

Helen Sidebotham(ne Baker)(BSc 1985)died January 2012, aged 47

Sarah McGranachan(ne Calvert)(BSc 1986)died 2012, aged 47

Helen Cocking(BA 1988)died March 2012, aged 46

Nimish Shah

(BSc 1989)died November 2011, aged 44

Dr Rupert Russell(BSc 1990)died 2012, aged 43

Roy Clark(BSc 1995)died August 2011, aged 67

Catherine Yannakopoulos(BSc 2006)died November 2010, aged 29

Douglas Ferguson(MB ChB 2011- 2012)died July 2012, aged 19

The death ofDr David Howard(BSc 1966,MB ChB 1969) was mistakenly announcedin the summer 2012 edition of Nonesuch.On behalf of Dr Howard and his family, wewould like to reassure our readers that heis alive and well, and we apologise for anydistress caused.

Please email any notifications of death [email protected]

Mind games

Feature

Mind gamesTodays children will often learn to use aNintendo DS before they can read, so shouldwe be worried about the hypnotic drawvideo games seem have on children? Dr PaulHoward-Jones, a Reader in Neuroscience andEducation, believes games may not always bethe dark force we fear and some might evenhelp make our children smarter.

By Juliet Giles

ouglas Adams once obsanything that was in the when you were born is no

natural.Anything that was inventewhen you were 15 and 35 is revolutexciting, and anything invented aft35 is against the natural order of thithe past ten years many over-35s hathemselves knocked sideways by a tof new technology, which, even if inecessarily against the natural ordercertainly seems far more normal anto their children.

Technology has so completely tr

the way children play and interact weach other that parents, and now soneuroscientists, are beginning to queffect this total embrace of the digitmight be having on the developmebrains. Dr Paul Howard-Jones, a RNeuroscience and Education in theSchool of Education, believes we arbe asking those questions. Childrethe vanguard of this technological ehe says. Theyre the ones who are utechnology more than anyone and are also more plastic.

However, while Howard-Jones tits only prudent for us to monitotechnologys impact on develophes less certain it always has thconsequences we tend to imagicites a study by Dr Ryota Kanai at UCollege London, which found that the number of friends a person has othe denser the grey matter in the regbrain associated with memory, face and emotional responses. We dontwhat the cause-effect relationship is Howard-Jones. It could just be thos

large amounts of grey matter densityareas choose to use Facebook a lot, alots of fr iends. But most likely its Faenhancing some subset of our social

Howard-Joness own research isnot at social networking but at anotarea of digital technology, which hecan alter our brains far more dramavideo games. According to Howardplaying video games engages t he brreward system so strongly that the udopamine, a neurotransmitter assocmotivation, anticipated pleasure anis similar to that seen when amphetmethylphenidate (Ritalin) are taken

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pe of brain response does is help youn a stimulus-specific way, which canou learn, he says. Video games areibly good teachers. They dont alwayswhat we want them to teach but theyry good teachers.hat makes video games such goodrs seems to be pa rtly down to howains respond to something that involveskill and chance. Previous studies haven that dopamine levels rise when we areed to a variety of pleasures or rewards,s a slice of chocolate cake. If thereement of chance involved and thed is, say, 50 per cent uncertai n, thenmine levels rise in anticipation until

ow if we will receive the object of ouror not. That results in greater overall

mine uptake for an uncertain rewardwhen a reward is entirely expected or

as a complete surprise. This is partlymakes games, which by definitionve chance, so compelling, and its alsosis for Howard-Joness research intong games.

now putting that research intoce with a game hes developedhools with educational softwareder Zondle.But unlike some educationalthis isnt about just trying to i nject

ment of fun into the classroom, its

using neuroscience to enhance thehildren learn. The game, Team Play,ines interactive computer graphics withi-choice team quiz, but its a quiz with ance because the children dont necessarilyoint every time they answer correctly.d, before finding out if they have gotswer right, they must choose, should itcorrect, either to have points added tootal score or r isk gaming them on auterised wheel of fortune. If the wheelon a colour the points are doubled; if itt they lose them. While the childrenout their answers teachers can exploitHoward-Jones calls a very teachable

moment when dopamine levels are rampingup to reinforce the principles being taught.

In schools where Howard-Jones has triedthe technique its been a hit with children.The discourse in the clas sroom becomesmuch more like sport talk, he says. Becausenow, when you fail, you can blame it all onbad luck, but when you succeed its becauseyoure absolutely brilliant. And this is part of themotivating environment that it generates. I sawit being used in a prima ry school in LondonsEast End, and the children scre amed so loudlyit hurt my ears.

It may be fun, but is it working?Early

feedback from teachers suggest that childrenare indeed retaining more knowledge throughTeam Play, and that seems to be especiallytrue of boys who possibly respond morepositively to the element of risk. We did threestudies where we taught three topics usingthis technique in North Wales. And in al l thestudies the boys learned more, but it wasntstatistically sign ificant. Our lab study did showa gender preference, so a larger study mightwell reveal a gender difference in response.But if it is particularly beneficial to boys, that ispossibly a good thing given that we have a lotof underachieving and unengaged boys in ourschools. However, girls too seem to enjoy thegaming elements, and Howard-Jones has usedgaming techniques with boys and girls as youngas eight, up to his own post-graduate st udents,with equally encouraging results.

In the future, Howard-Jones can see atime when most lessons will involve someelement of gaming.That would certainlymake learning a lot more entertaining, andfrom his exper ience with Team Play so far,pretty exhausting too. Its a whole newproblem when children are getting so excited

about their lessons that theyre worn out by theend of the day, he says. But it would be quiterefreshing to f ace that problem.For more information on Team Play visitwww.zondle.com

ure

d games Taken

Franks tree is one of around 2,500 arborglyphs recorded by

Chantel Summerfield (MA 2010), a PhD student in the Department ofArchaeology and Anthropology, for her thesis Wood within Warfare.

Soldiers have left arborglyphs, or tree graffiti, forcenturies. Mostly they simply carve their names,the date and names of loved ones. I think theyjust want to be remembered, to say I was here.I found this particular one on Salisbury Plain in2008, when I was writing my undergraduatedissertation. It had the simple engravingF Fearing. Hudson Mass. US. 6/4/44 abovea heart and the name Helen. The date wasthe eve of what should have been D-Day badweather meant the invasion was put back a day

so I assumed that whoever had carved it musthave thought they were about to go into battleand might not survive.

From the name I uncovered the militaryrecord of a Frank Fearing and tracked down hisdaughter, Barbara, via a genealogy website.She told me Frank had been born in 1917 andhad fought with the 5th Armoured Division,which after D-Day went on to help liberateLuxembourg. I asked her if she knew who Helenwas; Franks military record had said he was

single during the War, so I thought Hhave been a sweetheart hed met inBut Barbara said No, Helen is my m

Frank and Helen had secretly mFrank left for Europe. They were ma60 years until Frank died in 2001. I nto Helen, but it was amazing to be abher this message from Frank. Barbathat when Helen died her family tookof this photograph to her funeral as areminder of Frank and Helens love.

DEO GAMES DONTWAYS TEACHHAT WE WANT,UT THEY AREOOD TEACHERS

In pictures

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JasonIngram

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