Open Source Open Source Movement Movement

開放源碼的發展開放源碼的發展Morris LawMorris Law

IT Coordinator, Science FacultyIT Coordinator, Science Faculty

March 2005March 2005

Course OutlineCourse Outline

The difference among free software, The difference among free software, freeware, shareware and commercial freeware, shareware and commercial softwaresoftware

The free software movement start in 80’The free software movement start in 80’ Comparison of open source software and Comparison of open source software and

commercial softwarecommercial software Demonstration of useful open source Demonstration of useful open source

softwaresoftware Open source organizations in Hong KongOpen source organizations in Hong Kong

Different kinds of softwareDifferent kinds of software

Important terms in SoftwareImportant terms in Software

Free SoftwareFree Software Software that has freedom to use, modify and distribute to Software that has freedom to use, modify and distribute to

othersothers Open Source SoftwareOpen Source Software

Similar to free software but stressed in source code Similar to free software but stressed in source code availabilityavailability

Public domain SoftwarePublic domain Software: : software that is not copyrightedsoftware that is not copyrighted

Copylefted softwareCopylefted software: : copyrighted with free distribution termscopyrighted with free distribution terms

General Public Licensed (General Public Licensed (GPLGPL) software) software A special case of copylefted softwareA special case of copylefted software

Proprietary Software:Proprietary Software: prohibited to use, redistribute and modify.prohibited to use, redistribute and modify.

Shareware:Shareware: copyrighted software with special distribution and marketing copyrighted software with special distribution and marketing

method: try before you buymethod: try before you buy

What is freeware?What is freeware?

Software can be freely used and Software can be freely used and redistributed. (zero price)redistributed. (zero price)

Freeware often come with no source Freeware often come with no source code.code.

Freeware is not free software in Freeware is not free software in which freedom to modify and which freedom to modify and improve is the concern.improve is the concern.

e.g. Acrobat Reader, PowerArchiver, e.g. Acrobat Reader, PowerArchiver, Real PlayerReal Player

Free SoftwareFree Software

Permission to use, copy, distribute Permission to use, copy, distribute and modifiedand modified

Source code must be availableSource code must be available Sometimes called Open SourceSometimes called Open Source A matter of liberty, not priceA matter of liberty, not price Gives freedom to run, study, Gives freedom to run, study,

redistribute and improve the redistribute and improve the programprogram

Well known free software by categoryWell known free software by category Operating SystemOperating System

Linux (or GNU/Linux)Linux (or GNU/Linux) FreeBSDFreeBSD, , OpenBSDOpenBSD, , NetBSDNetBSD GNU/GNU/HurdHurd

General UtilitiesGeneral Utilities GNU UtilitiesGNU Utilities

Well known free software by categoryWell known free software by category Programming LanguagesProgramming Languages

GNU C/C++GNU C/C++ PerlPerl PythonPython TclTcl

Windows SystemWindows System The X-Windows SystemThe X-Windows System XFree86XFree86

Well known free software by categoryWell known free software by category Desktop environmentsDesktop environments

GNOMEGNOME KDEKDE GNUStepGNUStep XFceXFce

Web BrowserWeb Browser MozillaMozilla (Netscape 6,7) (Netscape 6,7) FirefoxFirefox

Well known free software by categoryWell known free software by category Productivity and ApplicationsProductivity and Applications

ABIWordABIWord GNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMPGNU Image Manipulation Program (GIMP

)) Office SuiteOffice Suite

OpenOfficeOpenOffice KOfficeKOffice

Well known free software by categoryWell known free software by category Server-type softwareServer-type software

SambaSamba ApacheApache PhPPhP ZopeZope MySQLMySQL PostgreSQLPostgreSQL

Major Personality in free software communityMajor Personality in free software community

Richard StallmanRichard Stallman, , founder of the Free Software Foundation founder of the Free Software Foundation

and the GNU Project. Profiled in Steven and the GNU Project. Profiled in Steven Levy's 1984 book, Levy's 1984 book, Hackers: the Heros of Hackers: the Heros of the Computer Revolutionthe Computer Revolution as the as the Last Last True HackerTrue Hacker, he started the Free , he started the Free Software movement in the 1980s and is Software movement in the 1980s and is considered by many to be the father of considered by many to be the father of Free Software/Open Source.Free Software/Open Source.

Major Personality in free software communityMajor Personality in free software community

Linus Torvalds, initial author and top maintainer of the Linux kernel, and possibly the most respected figure in the community.

Larry Wallauthor of the popular Perl language.

Major Personality in free software communityMajor Personality in free software community

Eric RaymondEric Raymond author of the famous paper author of the famous paper The Cathedral The Cathedral

and the Bazaarand the Bazaar, and responsible for the , and responsible for the popularization of the name Open Sourcepopularization of the name Open Source

Bruce Bruce PerensPerens editor of the Debian Free Software editor of the Debian Free Software

Guidelines and the Open Source Guidelines and the Open Source Definition, considered by the community Definition, considered by the community as the basic law.as the basic law.

Major Personality in free software communityMajor Personality in free software community

Alan CoxAlan Cox active contributor and maintainer of the active contributor and maintainer of the

Linux kernel. Linux kernel. Guido van Guido van RossumRossum

author of the author of the PythonPython language. language. Miguel de Miguel de IcazaIcaza

founder of founder of GNOMEGNOME..

Major organizations for Free SoftwareMajor organizations for Free Software Free Software FoundationFree Software Foundation Software in the Public Interest Software in the Public Interest and its and its DebianDebian

GNU/Linux GNU/Linux and and DebianDebian GNU/ GNU/HurdHurd projectsprojects Linux InternationalLinux International The Open Source InitiativeThe Open Source Initiative The XFree86 ProjectThe XFree86 Project The Free Standards GroupThe Free Standards Group, parent of the , parent of the Linux Linux

Standard BaseStandard Base The Apache Software FoundationThe Apache Software Foundation The GNOME FoundationThe GNOME Foundation The KDE LeagueThe KDE League

Major free software sitesMajor free software sites

Sourceforge.netSourceforge.net the world largest open source software the world largest open source software

development web sitedevelopment web site Slashdot.orgSlashdot.org

major community and news site with forummajor community and news site with forum Freshmeat.netFreshmeat.net

major software release announcement sitemajor software release announcement site Advogato.orgAdvogato.org

the advocate site for free software developersthe advocate site for free software developers

Major events in open sourceMajor events in open source Richard Stallman launched the GNU Richard Stallman launched the GNU

project in 1984project in 1984 The first web browser mosaic was created The first web browser mosaic was created

in NCSA in 1993in NCSA in 1993 Netscape announce to release it’s source Netscape announce to release it’s source

code in 1998. The term ‘open source’ was code in 1998. The term ‘open source’ was first usedfirst used

The first Linuxworld trade show in 1999The first Linuxworld trade show in 1999 Major hardware vendors, HP, SGI, IBM has Major hardware vendors, HP, SGI, IBM has

ported and support Linux in their major ported and support Linux in their major workstations and server series from 2000workstations and server series from 2000

Sun open source its Solaris O.S. in 2004Sun open source its Solaris O.S. in 2004

Recommended freeware Recommended freeware on windowson windows

http://http://www.sci.hkbu.edu.hk/ipo/freeware.htmlwww.sci.hkbu.edu.hk/ipo/freeware.html

Reference URLsReference URLs

Association of Shareware Association of Shareware ProfessionalsProfessionalshttp://www.asp-shareware.orghttp://www.asp-shareware.org

Free Software (Open Source)Free Software (Open Source)http://www.free-soft.orghttp://www.free-soft.org

GNU ProjectGNU Projecthttp://www.gnu.orghttp://www.gnu.org

DemonstrationDemonstration

A PC installed with open A PC installed with open source software on both source software on both

Windows and Linux platformWindows and Linux platform

List of open source / freeware installedList of open source / freeware installed

Acrobat Reader 7.0Acrobat Reader 7.0 Apache 2.0.53Apache 2.0.53 GIMP 2.2.4GIMP 2.2.4 JDK 5.0JDK 5.0 MySQL 4.1MySQL 4.1 Firefox 1.01Firefox 1.01 OpenOffice 1.1.3OpenOffice 1.1.3 PHP 4.3.7PHP 4.3.7 Putty snapshot 2001-12-26Putty snapshot 2001-12-26 Real Player 10.5Real Player 10.5 VNC 3.3.7VNC 3.3.7 WINAMP 2.8WINAMP 2.8

Opensource Organisations in HKOpensource Organisations in HK

Open Standard Support Organisation Open Standard Support Organisation (OSSO) (OSSO) 開源標準科技協進會開源標準科技協進會

Open Applications Knowledge Association Open Applications Knowledge Association (OAKA) (OAKA) 開放系統研用協會開放系統研用協會

Hong Kong Linux Users Group (HKLUG) Hong Kong Linux Users Group (HKLUG) 香港香港 LinuxLinux 用家協會用家協會

Hong Kong Linux Players Group (HKLPG) Hong Kong Linux Players Group (HKLPG) 香港香港 LinuxLinux 玩家網玩家網

Hong Kong Linux Industry Association Hong Kong Linux Industry Association (HKLIA) (HKLIA) 香港香港 LinuxLinux 商會商會