Title:

The Regulation of Proliferating Cell Nuclear Antigen Gene

Expression in UV Inducibility and Serum Responsiveness

增生細胞核抗原在紫外線與血清反應的調節

學號姓名 張學偉 Hsueh-Wei Chang

指導教授 劉銀樟 Yin-Chang Liu

3D

PCNA-interacting proteins: binding, recognition and function*

Binding sites onPCNA

Protein /Complex1

Centerloop

(Asp41-His44)

Inter-domain

connectingloop

(Leu121-Glu132)

C-endTail

(Lys254-Glu256)

DNArecognition site

Function of interactionwith PCNA

EnzymesRF-C + - + Primer terminus Loading/unloading of PCNA to DNA

by ATP binding/hydrolysis

DNA pol + + -DNA pol ND - +

Single-strand-duplexjunction

Processive DNA synthesis

Fen-1 + + + Flap structure Stimulates Fen-1 activity

DNA ligase I Nicks in DNA Okazaki-fragment maturation

DNA-MTase + + + CpG dinucleotide Brings DNA-MTase to newlyreplicated DNA

XP-G Single-strand-duplexjunction

MLH1MSH2

Base mismatch,insertions/deletions

Mismatch repair

UDG2 Uracil in DNA Base-excision repair

p150 of CAF1 Essential for the replication coupledchromatin assembly

WRN Copurify with PCNA and topo I

RNA pol Required for viral late genetranscription (baculovirus)

Regulatoryproteinsp21WAF1/Cip1 + + + Inhibits DNA synthesis

Gadd45 ND ND +Cyclin D Inhibits DNA synthesis

p57 Inhibits DNA synthesis

MyD118 Stimulates DNA synthesis ?

CRAMPED(CRM)

Product of a Drosophia melano-gastergene that was shown to interactgenetically with PCNA

Structures Role of PCNA in structure

Chromatin Assembly of chromatin ?

ReplisomeRepairsome

Scaffold for polymerases and otherenzymes

1Abbreviation: RF-C, Replication factor C; DNA pol, DNA polymerase; Fen-1, Flapendonuclease 1; DNA-MTase, DNA (cytosine-5) methyltransferase; XP-G, Xerodermapigmentosum G; UDG2, Uracil-DNA glycosylase 2; CAF-1, histone chaperone chromatinassembly factor 1; WRN, Werner syndrom gene product; gadd45, growth arrest and DNA damage;MyD118, Myeloid-differentiation primary-response. * [Jonsson, 1997 #7; Kelman, 1997 #8;Kelman, 1998 #3; Tsurimoto, 1999 #4; Warbrick, 1998 #6; Lebel, 1999 #9]

Outline of the DNA BER pathways in mammals

Nucleotides excision repair

MatInspector Result matrix matrix core matrix sequence name position(str) simil. simil.----------------------------------------------------------------------- Inspecting sequence rat PCNA promoter [-693 to +130]

E2F -373 (+) 0.857 0.854 TTTTgcgg E2F -359 (+) 0.857 0.867 TTTTacgc CEBPB_01 -324 (+) 0.873 0.856 gtttgaaGGAActa STAT_01 -322 (-) 1.000 0.873 TTCCttcaa IK2_01 -309 (-) 1.000 0.884 aagaGGGAgact USF_Q6 -279 (-) 0.864 0.874 gcCACTtgca NKX25_01 -278 (+) 1.000 0.946 gcAAGTg USF_C -278 (-) 0.836 0.919 cCACTTgc BARBIE_01 -275 (-) 1.000 0.856 aatgAAAGccacttg ELK1_02 -275 (-) 1.000 0.929 cgccacGGAAatga ELK1_02 -248 (-) 1.000 0.870 tccttaGGAAgttt OCT1_Q6 -236 (+) 0.800 0.860 gaacatggAAACcac CREL_01 -230 (-) 1.000 0.860 tgtggtTTCC PADS_C -229 (-) 1.000 0.950 tGTGGTttc IK2_01 -226 (-) 1.000 0.871 tggaGGGAgctt CP2_01 -224 (+) 1.000 0.871 gctccctCCAA E2_01 -207 (+) 1.000 0.871 ccaacaccggCGGTga CMYB_01 -206 (-) 1.000 0.853 ccggtGTTG

CREB -198 (+) 1.000 0.939 gcggTGACgaca ATF -197 (+) 1.000 0.956 cggTGACgacagcc AP1 -196 (+) 1.000 0.897 ggTGACgacag CREBP1 -196 (+) 1.000 0.877 ggTGACgacagc NMYC_01 -177 (+) 1.000 0.883 aacccCGTGatg IK2_01 -160 (-) 1.000 0.912 gcgtGGGAggcg NGFIC_01 -158 (-) 1.000 0.917 gaGCGTgggagg EGR3_01 -158 (-) 1.000 0.889 gaGCGTgggagg XBP1_01 -145 (-) 1.000 0.887 gaggcgACGTgtgcgta ARNT_01 -144 (-) 1.000 0.877 gaggcgaCGTGtgcgt

GC -123 (+) 1.000 0.884 acgcGGCGgggcgg SP1 -123 (+) 1.000 0.882 acgcGGCGgggcg AP2 -122 (-) 0.976 0.880 cgCCCCgccgcg GC -118 (+) 1.000 0.926 gcggGGCGggcctt SP1 -118 (+) 1.000 0.939 gcggGGCGggcct CEBP -112 (-) 0.992 0.871 tggtttgaGCAAGgcccg PADS_C -101 (-) 1.000 0.893 cGTGGTttg GFI1_01 -95 (-) 1.000 0.870 ccAATCgtatccgt NFY_Q6 -87 (-) 1.000 0.956 gaaCCAAtcgt CP2_01 -85 (-) 1.000 0.856 tctagaaCCAA

GC -69 (+) 0.872 0.875 ggtgGGTGggtcag SP1 -69 (+) 0.819 0.859 ggtgGGTGggtca AP1 -65 (-) 1.000 0.913 gcTGACccacc AP1 -64 (+) 0.848 0.851 gTGGGTCAg NFE2 -64 (-) 1.000 0.856 cgCTGAcccac AP4 -60 (+) 1.000 0.874 gtCAGCgctg CREB -54 (+) 1.000 0.887 gctgTGACgcca ATF -53 (+) 1.000 0.914 ctgTGACgccacaa AP1 -52 (+) 1.000 0.858 tgTGACgccac CREBP1 -52 (+) 1.000 0.884 tgTGACgccaca CMYB_01 -42 (-) 1.000 0.870 gcgagGTTG ELK1_02 -17 (+) 1.000 0.857 cgcctaGGAAgccg IK2_01 -16 (+) 0.826 0.858 gcctAGGAagcc

Quandt, K. Frech, K. Karas, H. Wingender, E. and Werner, T.MatInd and MatInspector - New fast and versatile tools for detection of consensus matches in nucleotide sequence dataNucleic Acids Research 23, 4878-4884 (1995)

Sequences and organization of rat PCNA promoter

Localization of UV inducibility in rat PCNA promoter

Promoter region Relative CAT activity U.V. － ＋

Foldactivation(＋/－)

-693 +125 241.0± 24.2 477.0± 22.7 ~2.0

-240 +119 183.0± 30.2 426.3± 25.3 ~2.3

-70 +125 56.0± 21.9 114.7± 9.0 ~2.1

none 1.0 1.0 1.0

CAT

-693 -240 -70 +125

Rat PCNA Promoters

AP-1 ATF/CRE

TGGGTCAGCGCTGTGACGCCA

-70 +125

(-64/-58) (-51/-44)

Fold

act

ivat

ion

0

2

4

6

8

10

12

wild type mAP1 mATF mAP1 mATFwild type

Fold

act

ivat

ion

0

1

2

3

4

5UV Serum

d693d240

d70

UV

PCNA

Activation of p53-mediated gene expression in response to DNA damage

Metabolic pathways of reactive oxygen radicals

otherDNA-PK

UV

PCNA

?EMSA

promotermRNAprotrein

ATF-1

chapter 4

chapter 2

?

chapter 3

chapter 2

Outline of the thesis

chapter 2

HPVE6