Paragraph 7-9

How do you understand the statement that “To learn…is to open oneself”?

There is nothing quite so satisfying as undergoing a difficult process and after long hard work discovering the true nature of that process.

因为最令人满足的莫过于在经历磨难和长期辛劳之后发现这一过程的真谛。

There is nothing so-----as-----

相当于 the most ---is--- 没有 ---- 比 ------更 ----

Eg :

there is nothing so disgusting as cheating in the exam.

initiative

n . the ability to make decisions and take actions without asking for the help advice of others (enterprise )

adj .original ,first ,beginning (initial) initiate (vt.) initiation (n.) Eg. He didn’t have the initiative to start his own bu

siness . have the initiative (to do sth) take the initiative (in doing sth ) on one’s own initiative (spontaneously)

formulate v . to invent or prepare 构想，规划 (design ,conceive) We formulated our own strategy .

throw light upon ,express 系统地阐述 They spent the whole day on formulating strategi

es. formula n. ① 公式，程式②处方，配方 prescription③ 准则，方

案 principle

n. being in proportion 成比例的，相对应的 adj .proportional

be proportional to ;be directly/inversely proportional to

Eg:

Punishment ought to be proportional to the crime.

proportion

therapy

the treatment of illness of the mind or body ,esp .drugs or operations

therapist n. (person) therapeutic adj. (function) Psychotherapy biochemistry biogeography Eg .Physical therapy alternates with chemic

al (therapy) .

prior

Coming or planned before adj . (earlier ,forgoing) Sorry ,I’d love to go ,but I have a prior engagement . adv .prior to We received no notification prior to today’s date .(not

ice) priority n. have priority over/to sth The search for a new vaccine have priority over othe

r medical research .

pitfall

n . a mistake that may easily be made trap , snare ,pitfall (difference) Eg. This text presents many pitfalls for the t

ranslator . proverb

A fall into the pit ,a gain in your wit .

complacency

n . a feeling of calm satisfaction with one’s own ability or situation that prevents one from trying harder (satisfaction)

Eg .

Short-term sufficiency lulled them into complacency about the long-term threat .

adj .complacent (self- conceited)

strain

v. to try (too) hard ;to make (too) great efforts ( tighten )

other meanings: injure ,twist; pull ,draw; force They strained on the rope to pull the boat in . n .anxiety ,pressure ,tension (another meaning: fo

rce) The old man is now suffering from mental strain

. Expression: at full strain (spare no efforts ,go-al

l-out)

Expressions about animals

Bell the cat ,which means the act of taking risks. Talk horse means talk big White elephant means heavy burdens As busy as a bee means on the go ,quite busy. Pigs might fly and when fish can fly both mean it is

absolutely impossible . Teach fish to swim

Americans often use expressions about animals.Americans often use expressions about animals.

In two thousand eight, the main candidates for In two thousand eight, the main candidates for president each used this expression: "You can put president each used this expression: "You can put lipstick on a pig, but it is still a pig." This means that lipstick on a pig, but it is still a pig." This means that it is a waste of time to change something from ugly it is a waste of time to change something from ugly or unpleasant-looking to beautiful.or unpleasant-looking to beautiful.

There are other expressions about improving a pig's There are other expressions about improving a pig's appearance, like this one: "A hog in a silk waistcoat appearance, like this one: "A hog in a silk waistcoat is still a hog." Hogs are similar to pigs, only bigger. is still a hog." Hogs are similar to pigs, only bigger. Americans use many other expressions about pigs, Americans use many other expressions about pigs, hogs and female hogs called sows. Like this one: hogs and female hogs called sows. Like this one: "You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear." "You cannot make a silk purse out of a sow's ear." This means you cannot create something valuable This means you cannot create something valuable from something that has no value.from something that has no value.

Expressions about pigs

In a pig's eye is another unusual expression. It means something that is not so, or will never happen. Then there is the expression casting pearls before swine. That means wasting something valuable on someone who will not be thankful or care about it.

However, at least one kind of pig can be useful in saving money. It is called a piggy bank. You can buy a small container shaped like a pig. It has a hole where a child can put money into it.

Other use of pig terms

Pig terms are also used in American politics. Farmers mark their pigs' ears to identify them. In politics, earmarks are money set aside for projects in a congressman's home state or locality. And politicians might say there is a lot of pork in a budget proposal, meaning wasteful spending.

In many areas, pigs provide ham, bacon and other pork products to eat. All Americans want to be able to bring home the bacon. That means to earn enough money to provide the necessities of life. Experts say this term was first used in the nineteen twenties. But it is believed to come from the much older game of catching a greased pig. This was a popular event at country fairs in which the winner was awarded the pig.

Expressions about hogs

Hogs are very large animals. If you say you ate high on the hog during a holiday, it means you ate very good or costly food. If you went whole hog on your trip, it means you did everything possible to have fun. But you should never go hog-wild at any time because that means behaving badly.

Hogs take up a lot of space but people should not take up more than their share. If one of your children is taking up too much space sitting in front of the television, other children might say: "Do not hog the couch." And a road hog is a driver who uses more than his share of the road. Such a driver increases dangers for other drivers.