Click here to load reader
Upload
evpeny
View
150
Download
43
Embed Size (px)
DESCRIPTION
Russian guide for students in PascalABC
Citation preview
-
..
PPaassccaallAABBCC..NNEETT
2011
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
681.142(07) .426.24/29
64
.. PascalABC.NET: . -: . . -., 2010. 114 .
, Object Pascal PascalABC.NET. , , , , .
(, , , ) , , . , . , , .
- , 2010 .., 2010
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
3
................................................................................................................................................................. 5
1. PASCALABC.NET ............................................ 7
2. ............................ 12
3. ................................................................... 17
4. ( ) .................... 19
5. ............... 23
6. ................................................................................ 26
7. ....................................................................................... 29
8 ................................................................................... 32
9. ......................................................................... 34
100 ........................................... 37
11 : ............................... 39
12 .................................. 43
13 .................................................................................. 49
14. ..................................................... 52
15. . .................................. 55
16. ......................................... 58
17. .............................................. 59
18. .................. 61
19. ................................................................... 64
20. : ............................... 67
21. ...................................................................... 72
22. ..................................................................... 74
27. - ........................ ! .
28. : ............................................................................................................... ! .
29. ..................! .
30. .....! .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
4
31. ....................................... ! .
32. ......................... ! .
33*. ....... ! .
34. , ... ! .
35. . .................... ! .
................................................................................................. 76
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
5
-
. , ( ). , - , - . . - , , , . , MS Office VBA (Visual Basic for Applications), ; 1 - . , - , , IT-.
-. , - , , - . .
( : Object Pascal), c - (.. ), - , - (.. ) - .
. - : , - , , -. PascalABC.NET ( ), - , Examples. , , (Turbo Pascal, Borland Pascal, Free Pascal, TNT Pascal ..), . http://PascalABC.NET/. Borland Pascal, PascalABC.NET (, , . . . . , ). :
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
6
1) - ( Borland Pascal) DOS-, .. MS DOS, Windows , , -, - ;
2) PascalABC.NET, , - Delphi, -;
3) PascalABC.NET Delphi; 4) PascalABC.NET
; 5) ,
. :
; ; (-
) . -, ;
0 . , . - , ;
* , -, - ;
** , - , -.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
7
1.
PascalABC.NET
1. PascalABC.NET
.
1 . , . Pascal, . . \Examples .
1.1.
2 PascalABC.NET ( PascaABC.NET PascalABC.NET). , (. 1).
(
)
( )
. 1. PascalABC.NET
3 , . 1.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
8
, . ,
, ( . 1 - ). , ( ).
, -, ( -), , -.
1.2. .
, , .
1.2.1.
4 demo0.pas, demo1.pas, demo2.pas, colors.pas . ( ) : , .
, . - .
5 demo0.pas. : ) .
demo0.pas ;
) ; ) ,
(. 2). , . .
1.2.2.
6 .
( ), , .
7 demo2.pas. . , . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
9
( ), .
().
. 2. ,
, . 8
olors.pas. , . , .
1.2.3.
, , . - (.. ), , , .. , .
9 . , - .
1.2.4.
. - . , Program1.PAS. , -
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
10
(.. ), Program2.PAS ..
10 . -: Program ex0; Begin Write(' ') end. . , .
, - .
1.3. PascalABC.NET
, - . , ( , ), , , , , , .
? , , , . PascalABC.NET.
PascalABC.NET, . () - ( ). . PascalABC.NET . .
-, (.. , ) . . , - , - , , - .
11 . , , , ( FirstPrg.pas) .
12 demo0.pas, demo1.pas, demo2.pas . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
11
, () .
13 (Examples\ \index.html). "". . .
2.
1. PascalABC.NET? 2. ? ? 3. ?
? 4. . -
? 5. , - ? 6. ? 7. ()
?
, . . PascalABC.NET.
- , - ( ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
12
2.
1.
:
program ; ; Begin ;
; () ; ; ...
end. . :
1) () ; 2) END ; 3) BEGIN ; 4) END .
2.
2.1.
, , - . : , .
, , . - VAR: var num : integer; num,
( -2147483648 2147483647.). integer () ( ) , - . , num integer (- ). -. - . - , -, .
- / , . : _
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
13
.
! , , !
, , - ( : , - ):
Program, begin, end, var, integer.
! VAR () . !
(.. ) :
integer - -2147483648 2147483647; byte - 0 255; word - 0 65535; real - ; char - Unicode ( 2 ); string - .
2.2. ,
: , . : (1) ,
. : 345 , -12222 ; (2) :
: -123.234, 92929.3456 ( , , ), ( : ). , 1,231012 :
1.23+12 +12 ; (3) ,
: . ... 2+2=5
. :
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
14
: (:=), !
1.
program example1; { } var num : integer; {
} day : byte; {
0 255} name : string; { } begin
num355; { num 355} day31; { day 31 } name { name }
end. , -
. () .
2. program example2;
var num : integer;
day : byte; Begin
num355+145; { num 500} daynum -469; { num
(500) - (31)}
end.
-: , . , - , , .
2.3.
, , -, . . . , 1 WriteLn.
1 ,
. , PascalABC.Net .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
15
14 lab2_14.pas. . .
15 lab2_15.pas. . .
16 lab2_16.pas. .
17 lab2_17.pas. . WRITE WRITELN.
2.4. .
. - .
WriteLn (Write) , - . - .
18 lab2_18.pas. . . , 20, 30 40 .
19 lab2_19.pas. . . , : 2 , .
20 lab2_20.pas. . . , : 133.567, 20 5 ; 79954.23451 , , .
21 lab2_21.pas .
22 lab2_22.pas .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
16
23 , , , , , -. . writeFormat.pas .
- . PascalABC.NET. - , - ( - ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
17
3.
24 (Examles\\index.html) . . .
1.
- . - , . READLN. :
READLN() : var fantom : integer;
story :string; begin
...
Write( :); ReadLn(fantom); ... WriteLn( :); ReadLn(story); ...
end.
25 lab3_25.pas. . . , . READLN.
26 lab3_26.pas. . .
27 lab3_27.pas. . .
! .
28 lab3_28.pas. , . - , ,
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
18
N , P .
29 lab3_29.pas. . PascalABC.NET.
3.
1. , . -, , .
2. . , , .
3. , - .
4. , - : ()= () 100.
5. 18%. . .
6. . . 7. 15% . -
. 8. p . -
. : 1 = 500 -, 1 = 3 , 1 = 16 , 1 = 44,45 .
9. , . 10. , -
, . -. :
: .
11. , , , .
4.
1. ? 2. ? 3. ?
- . PascalABC.NET. .
, - ( ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
19
4.
( )
, () PascalABC.NET - . , . -, ( - ), GraphABC. . - (.. ). . , , .
1. GraphABC
(.. - ) ( ), . , -, GraphABC , .
Uses. GraphABC, . 2:
Program ; Uses GraphABC;
...
, , .
30 GraphABC ( GraphABC). GraphABC: . , , . GraphABC: - ( ) GraphAB: ( - - , , ..).
2 ,
.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
20
, , , . -. , , (. 3).
0,0
y . 3.
. ,
Y , (. 3)!
31 lab4_31.pas. . - . , : ) ; ) ; ) : ,
.
32 lab4_32.pas. , ( ). , . :
) ; ) .
, ( WriteLn) , . WriteLn.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
21
33 lab4_33.pas , . . , , . : , , : ) ; ) .
34 : ) 300200 ( : , ,
- ); ) 300200 ; ( : , ,
- ); ) 300200 (
).
35 : ) ; ) ; ) , , .
36* , , - . , , ..
GraphABC ( GraphABC).
3.
, : 1) (). -
; 2) .
TextOut. , 26 , -;
3) . , , -, 5 , ; ;
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
22
4) , :
5) ,
250250 :
6) 5 , , 150150 :
7) , . 5 , , , , . 250150 .
8) . 200200 , clGold, - MoveTo LineTo.
- . PascalABC.NET. . , - - ( ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
23
5.
37 , . : a) lab5_37.pas ; ) ; ) ,
.
38 , . : a) lab5_38.pas; ) ; ) ; ) ,
. : . : 120000 : 10 1: 15 2: 17 10 1 135000 10 2 137000
39 , . : ) lab5_39.pas ; ) ; ) ,
(, :
))()(( cpbpappS , p , a, b, c ); ) , .
1. , : ) , .
30 ; ) ;
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
24
) -;
) . 2. . -
. 3. , , ,
. 4. (10, 15 ). -
, ( , 15 ), , , 15% .
5. . 2,54 . - , .. , . , 21 = 0 53 3,4 .
6. . , , . a : y=ax. : ln y = ln ax ln y =x ln a. : ln y =x ln a y =x ln a. - : y:=exp(x*ln(a)). , . - - . -?
7. , . - : = X 7, X = abs(trunc(2.6*m-0.2)+d+y/4+y+c/4-2*c); m - (. ); d - ( ); - (. ); - . ( 1582 4903 ). -, , 1 . , 1, 2, ..., 11 12, . , 1 1991 12, 1990, 31 1991 - 10, - 1991. 0 6, 0 - .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
25
- . PascalABC.NET. . - , - ( ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
26
6.
40 (Examles\\index.html) , . . .
1.
, - , .. - ( ) , , . , , . , , , -, .
- ( , IF).
2. IF
41 PascalABC.NET. , , , . .
42 PascalABC.NET. lab6_41.pas. . . ? , : ! .
43 . : 7. , .
44 1. ,
.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
27
2. ( ). ? .
3. . 4. lab6_43.pas.
, , . . , . ( , , .)
45 1. lab6_44.pas. 2. .
. 3. , ,
(, , ), .
1 , ( , , . : , , ).
2 , : ) ; ) ? .
3 , ( +=0). : , , ( ).
1. , , - (x,y) R .
2. , , () (x,y). . , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
28
3. , , - (x,y) y=1-x. , - , .
4. . , -, .
5. , .
6. . , , 9.
7. . , .
8. : b. , , . ?
9. . , , .
10. , 4, 100 400 (, 1700, 1800 1900 , 2000 ). , , .
11. , , .
. PascalABC.NET. . , (- ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
29
7.
1.
, , , . , , :
Write( = ); Readln(n); If n=1 then writeln() else if n=2 then writeln() else if n=3 then writeln() else if n=4 then writeln() else if n=5 then writeln() else if n=6 then writeln() else if n=7 then writeln() else writeln( ); , , . -
( CASE).
46 (Examles\\index.html) CASE. . .
2. CASE
47 PascalABC.NET. , , , . .
48 1. lab7_48.pas. -
. , . 2. ,
0 (clBlack), 8 (clPink).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
30
49 , (+ , - , * , / ) .
char.
50 , , .
51 , , ( 3 , 4 7 , 7 , 15 20 .. ).
52* , 12 : 20.1 - 18.2 23.7 - 22.8 19.2 - 20.3 23.8 - 22.9 21.3 - 19.4 23.9 - 22.10 20.4 - 20.5 23.10 - 22.11 21.5 - 21.6 23.11 - 21.12 22.6 - 22.7 22.12 - 19.1 .
: 100 . , , : 120..218.
1. , , .
2. , , . , -, ( . 10 ).
3. - : 11, 12, 13, - 14.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
31
(, ..). , .
4. , (1-5) - (1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 ).
5. 10 40, - . , - , : 18 , 21 .
6. 100 999. , , : 145 , 768 .
- . PascalABC.NET. . , - .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
32
8
53 (Examles\\index.html) . -. .
54 (Examles\\index.html) : . PascalABC.Net , . , . .
55 lab8_55.pas. 15 ... ( , ). , : ) 15, 10 ; ) ; ) , -
; ) , ; ) ...
( i).
56 lab8_56.pas f(x) = sin(x) x = 0, 0.1, 0.2,..., 2. , : ) ; ) x; ) x = 0, 0.2, 0.4, ..., 3; ) .
57 lab8_57.pas . , :
) ; ) .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
58* , - ( ).
1. , 6 , ( clRandom).
1. , .
2. - :
)
)
) )
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
. PascalABC.NET. . , -.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
34
9.
, -. . -, . ?
GraphABC. .
. . , - , , . , - , .
, , .. , . : ( ), , -, Rectangle, - .
: MoveTo(X, Y : integer); (x,y); : LineTo(X, Y : integer);
(x,y) ;
Line(x1,y1,x2,y2 : integer); (x1,y1) (x2,y2) .
: ... MoveTo(10,10); LineTo(100,100); { 110,110 } ... SetPenColor(color: integer); . -
GraphABC . (): GraphABC Gra-phABC: .
SetPenStyle(ps: integer); , ps.
(ps) . - . (): GraphABC GraphABC: .
SetPenWidth(w: integer); , w .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
SetBrushColor(color: integer); , - color. GraphABC.
: uses GraphABC; begin SetPenColor(clFuchsia); { } SetPenWidth(10); { } SetBrushColor(ClBlue); { } SetBrushStyle(psDash); { } Rectangle(10, 10, 180, 100); { } SetBrushStyle(bsSolid); FloodFill(210, 110, clIndianRed); { } end.
, . , , clRandom (.. ).
59 PascalABC.NET. , (. ). - . LineTo. .
60 . , : ) 500 () 10 ; ) 400 (
); ) N M .
61 : , N , K .
3. :
)
;
)
;
) .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
36
4. ( ) .
5. . 6. -
: )
)
)
)
)
)
)
)
. PascalABC.NET. . , -.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
100
1.
(, ) (, - , ..). -
Random(n : integer) : integer; .
0 n-1, n .
, : Random: Real;
0 1. , .
62 PascalABC.NET. rnd_62.pas , . 2-3 , : .
63 rnd_63.pas , . 2-3 , : . , .
64 rnd_64.pas , . , . rnd_64.pas , . , .
65 , rnd_64.pas, , , . (.. , ). !
2.
: -
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
38
PutPixel(X, Y,Color: integer); X Y Color (integer ).
, - (100,200), - :
PutPixel(100,200,clblue); 66
, . (.. , ).
67 rnd_67.pas. . , , 3 8.
: ; ; , ; ,
. .
1. , : ) (.. 1 10); ) 1 100; ) 1 100. ,
, - ;
) 100. , : .. - (.. !).
2. , : ) ax=b; ) ax2+bx+c=0.
. PascalABC.NET. .
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
11
:
68 (Examles\\index.html) - : FOR. -. , . .
1.
2.1.
69 PascalABC.NET. : ) lab11_68.pas; ) ; ) (
N 1, 10, 0, -5); , );
) , N .
70 : ) lab11_69.pas; ) ; ) ; ) ,
15 15.
2.2.
71 , . ) lab11_70.pas:
integer, . , (.. 0);
) , integer int64. , ;
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
40
) lab11_70.pas: : real. , .
2.3.
72 N N :
12 = 1 22 = 1 + 3 32 = 1 + 3 + 5 42 = 1 + 3 + 5 + 7 .
, .
73 . , . , :
) e = 1+ ...!
1...
!41
!31
!21
!11
n
; ( e = 2,718 281);
) ...)12
)1(...
91
71
51
31
1(41
n
n
( = 3,141 592);
) 2 =2
12
)1(1...
71
151
131
1k
k
( 2 1,414 213)
2.4.
74 . , , , .
75 , . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
.2.4.
76 N . ,
77 , . , .
.2.5. 1202 ,
, : ( ), . , ? , , -
, , : 1,1,2,3,5,8,13,21,34,...
, , . - , - .
n- F(n), -, (.. , ):
F(1)=1 F(2)=1 F(n)=F(n-1)+F(n-2), n>=3
78 , : ) N ; ) , ; G ; ) ,
; ) . :
( ; , - , 10).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
42
1.
. 2. p%
. , .
3. , , . , (, 5, 11, 19).
4. , N. , (, 6=1+2+3).
5. , , . , (, 5, 11, 19).
6. ( ) : t , . T? ?
7. . , , ( ), (). , .
8. . 2n . ( )?
9. , , , 10 ., 5 ., 0,5 ., 100 . 100 ?
10. , . , 5.
. PascalABC.NET. .
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
12
1.
, . : : (, , ...) . -
. . . ;
: (, , , , ..), ( ), ( - ) : , , , , (, , , , ), -, , .
- : , , , . 5-50 , . , , , - . - . - .
2.
.
, .
1. () , - . ,
, .
2. , Forest(n) (n -
), . :
uses GraphABC; begin
Forest(25); // - 25 end.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
44
, PascalABC.NET, -
, , Forest.
3. , .
, .
Rectangle(x,y,x1,y1), SetPenColor(m) .. - . ,
.
, :
Procedure [();] begin
end;
- .
, , , . - VAR. - :
Program ; // begin
end.
79 1. PascalABC.NET. Proc1.pas. -
. - .
2. , . 3. , 15
75 , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
PROCEDURE (- ), - , .. , - . - .
- . .
: Procedure House(x,y:word; name:string; usd:real); 4 -
(2 , ). ... Procedure Man(name,adress:string); 2 -
(). ... Procedure Girl(name:string; eye:byte; nice:real); 3 -
(, 0 255, ). ... Procedure Wait; . ...
80 1. Proc2.pas. .
. 2. ,
pict . : ... begin
PICT // end.
81 Proc3.pas. TRIANGLE, .
, - . , , .
4. , -
Forest.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
46
82 Proc4.pas. . . , . , , ( ).
5. , Fir
(- ), . - :
procedure fir(x,y,h:integer; c1,c2:Color);
x,y , h , c1 , 2 -. , , - .
. Uses GraphABC; procedure triangle(x,y,h:integer; c1,c2: color); //
{: x,y , h ; c1 ; c2 }
begin //
end; procedure fir(x,y,h:integer; c1,c2: color); //
{: x,y h ; st c ; c2 }
begin // , TRIANGLE
end; //
procedure Forest (N:integer); // N - const h0=30; // var i: integer; a,b,h: integer; color1,color2,: color; begin
For i:=1 to N do begin h:=random(h0)+10; // a:=random(WindowWidth)+20; // x b:=random(WindowHeight)+5; // y color1:=ClRandom; //
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
color2:=ClRandom; // fir(a,b,h,color1,color2); //
end end;
begin { } Forest(25);
end. , ,
- .
6.
, , , - Fir. 3 (. ).
- . . , , - . , , (, h+5 h+7 -). - . , , , .
, Fir 3 - .
83 , ( ), . Proc4.pas.
, , . , polygon.
84 .pas. . , . triangle. .
85 ,
(
) (
). . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
48
! , - 70 % 30 % .
- . (, - ), , PascalABC.NET. .
, - ( ) - , , - , . , , , - .
.
.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
13
86 (Examles\\index.html) - . , . .
1. : (WHILE)
, .
WHILE , -, . .
:
WHILE DO
, TRUE ().
87 : ) lab13_86.pas; ) ; ) (
M 1000, 200, 0, -5). , ;
) , , N . , N. 2025, N=9.
1.3. (REPEAT)
, , . - .
: REPEAT
; ; ...
UNTIL , FALSE ().
, , , !
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
50
88 : ) lab13_87.pas; ) ; ) ; ) , =999.
89 : ) lab13_88.pas; ) ; ) ; ) , .
90 , :
) ...)12
)1(...
91
71
51
31
1(41
n
n
( 3,141 592);
) ...!
1...
!41
!31
!21
!11
1 n
e ; ( e 2,718 281).
, .
1. . 0, . .
2. , .
3. , .
4. , .
5. . 6. - . ,
, (, 1 999), . , , , , !,
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
. .
7. . . 8.
. : 1 , 2- - 2, 3- - 4, 4- - 8 .. , , N .
9. , , . , , .
. - PascalABC.NET. -. - , - .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
52
14.
91 (Examles\\index.html) - . , . .
92 ( lab14_90.pas) f(x) = 2x + 30. , ( , , Ox Oy (-15,0) (0,30) ).
93 , : ) f(x) = 2x + 30;
) f(x) = x - 80 - 40 - 20 - 10 ( abs).
94 f(x)= 0.01x2 + 3x 7. ? , , . : , f(x) . x y Real. . , , , PutPixel . Round . : a:=Round(b) , a Integer, b Real. .
95 f(x) = Sin(x). ? , ? - . , Sin(x) -1 +1, Ox, . , , . . , 50, 2, 100 , . ,
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
, x , ( 50), y. , lab14_93.pas.
96 ( lab14_94.pas), r(a) = a. , ( ). , : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) , r(a)=sin(n*a) ,
n . ( , , .)
97 :
) ; ) .
98 , , , .
1. , : : r=2 sin 2 ; : r=tg sin ;
: 2
r ;
:
cossin1
r ; (
cossin1
r );
: r2=cos 2; : r=a (1+ b cos );
r .
2. , :
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
54
: x=a(t-sin t); y=a(1-cos t); : x=a cos3 t; y=a sin3 t;
: 3
2
3 13
,1
3t
ty
tt
x
.
3. , :
23
41
xx
y
;
y = (x2 - x - 6)2; |x|+|y|=1;
||x| +|y| - 23 |=
21 .
. - . . - PascalABC.NET. - , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
15.
.
, - , .
99 PascalABC.NET. ( ), GraphABC GraphABC: . Cirle, FillCircle, DrawCircle, Ellipse, FilleEllipse, DrawEllipse, Arc, Pie, Chord, RoundRect, FillRoundRect, DrawRoundRect.
100 , : ) ; ) ; ) ; ) n .
101 , :
, 3 , , .
102 SetPixel.pas. , , . , . , .
103 PascalABC.NET (, ). ( GraphABC GraphABC: ).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
56
104 , 5 . . , , .
105 : ) ; ) ; ) .
106 ( ) PascalABC.NET ( ). ( GraphABC GraphABC: , GraphABC: Brush GraphABC: ).
107 , 5 , .
1. , : ) ; ) .
2. , .
3. - , 1/12 ( ). .
4. , .
5. , .
6. , .
7. , . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
8. , . . , t , , \oswt\, w - .
9. , , .
10. . : . .
11. , . , , . , . .
12. . , . .
13. , :
. - . . - PascalABC.NET. - , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
58
16.
108 (Examles\\index.html) - . , - .
GraphABC , bmp, jpg gif. .
109 pic_01.pas. , , . , : ) ; ) . .
110 , . , : , . . ! DigitalClock.pas ( ). .
, , , . : , .
111 , . : (, , , ..). . - . .
. - . . - PascalABC.NET.
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
59
17.
, - : , -. -. : , , - , - - , . .
, , ? : - - . , .
112 , GraphABC: ( , GraphABC). . PascalABC.NET , . , ( CloseWindow).
113 : ) event_01.pas; ) ; ) , ; ) , :
; ; ; 10- ;
(100, 100) (300, 300).
114 , :
(, , ) ( );
;
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
60
, ;
.
115 , , event_01.pas, (). s.
116 , - , .
1. , , 2 (, ) . Paint.
2. (.. , - . , , ).
3. . : , . (,
:
). 4. . : (,
, , . ). ( , ..). , , , . () . , , ( ). , . , , , 10 .
-. . - , - .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
61
18.
117 (Examles\\index.html) . , . .
1.
118 string_01.pas. . , , , , . , : ) ; ) .
119 string_02.pas. . , . , . .
120 string_03.pas . , . , ( ).
121 string_04.pas . , . , . ? .
122 . , (, , , , , ). , . , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
62
2.
123 , , : ) ; ) ; ) (, ",", ".",
"!", "?", ";", "-"); ) .
124 string_05.pas , , . , . , , : ) ; ) , (, 123); ) (, 12.34); ) , , 375 375a. , i (, , Real Integer)? , , , . , .
125 ,
1 2 3 ... N, 1...aN , (+) (-) .
126 string_06.pas , . , . ?
127 string_06.pas , : ) , ; ) , ;
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
63
) ; ) .
128 , , 1 999.
1. , . .
2. , . , .
3. , . , , . .
4. , . .
5. , ?. , .
6. , . , .
7. . .
8. . 9. , .
.
10. , ( 36 ).
11. , , , .. ( , ). : ; .
. - . - . PascalABC.NET.
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
64
19.
129 (Examles\\index.html) -. , . .
.
130 1. PascalABC.NET. 2. Proc5.pas. 3. . ,
.
4. . : ) ? ) ? ) , ? ) . ?
5. . ? , . ? , .
6. . , .
7. , . 8. .
131 Proc6.pas. , . , , : ) ; ) ; ) ;
) ; ) ; ) .
(, , , , ..). .
132 1. Proc7.pas.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
65
2. TOWN . . HOUSE, . , .
3. . , , ?
4. . 5. ( ) ,
, . .
133 1.
(, , , ). TOWN.
2. , . : , . !
134 - . , , .. - . - . , , , , . , ( ) , . . .
1. , . , , . .
2. , .
3. , , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
66
4. , , (25.06), ( ).
5. , (15 2011 ) (15.05.2011).
6. , , , (, ).
7. , - (, ).
8. , .
9. , .
10. , . , (.. , , () , ).
11. , .
12. , .
13. LineRel(xs,ys), , , (xs, ys) (.. (x+xs, y+ys)).
- . . PascalABC.NET.
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
67
20.
:
135 (Examles\\index.html) . , . .
136 PascalABC.NET. , : ) (-
50); ) ; ) -
, - ;
) , , "@" , - "#".
) , 1-, 4-, 7- .. , - 0, 3, .
137 array_1.pas. 15 . , . -, ( END.)
138 array_1.pas , - , -.
139 -. , - .
140 . , - .
141 - . ,
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
68
. , , .
142 . , .
143 . , , .
144 , ( , , , ..). , , .. . , , .. . array_2.pas. . , , , , - . , - , . , , (Real) , (String[...]) .
145 array_char_01.pas. , , . , () , .
146 . , ( ) .
. UpCase LowerCase. ( , , ).
1. , . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
69
2. . , , .
3. . . , , . , , : .
4. , . 5. , .
, .
6. . , . , .
7. . . , .
8. . .
9. ( ..). , 100 ..
10. , . . : ) . , ; ) "vvv". ,
; ) . :
- 100%; ) . :
50% ; 50% ; ) 123 123.
, ,,..., 10%. 11.
, . , .. :
nMaMa
D n22
1 )(...)( ,
ai - , M .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
70
( !).
12. () (. 4).
""
700
560
450500
570
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
1993 1994 1995 1996 1997
(
.
.)
. 4. ()
, . 2 : 2- (. 4) 3- (. 5). , (, 1 100) . , , , , ( ). .
0
100
200
300
400
500
600
700
2006 2007 2008 2009 2010
560
450500
570
(. .)
. 5.
13. , , (. 6).
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
71
"" (. .)
. 6.
, 3, 5 2. : 3+5+2=10. -, 3 30% , 5 50% 2 20%. 30% - 3600,3=108, 50% 180 20% 72. 3 , - 108, 180 72. , . .
14. , . : 1) ; 2) , ,
, . , , 1 10%;
3) . 15. ,
, 18 , 18 50 50 . -, -, .
-. .
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
72
21.
147 (Examles\\index.html) - . , .
148 , , . , .
149 . , .
150 , .
151 : .
152 , , , . , , , , . , . : , , . . . , .
153 . : 1) ; 2)
( ) .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
73
1. . , , , , .
2. , . , .
3. , . , . , .. : ( ), . .
4. . . . , , .
5. , . a1, a2, , an. . . a1, a2, , ai , . . a1 a2 ai. ai+1 , . , i+1 n .
6. , . n . . : ai ai+1. ai ai+1, . ai>ai+1, . .
7. -
. . - -, -.
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
74
22.
154 (Examles\\index.html) - . , . - .
155 . , , . , .
156 , .
157 , .
158 , 5 . : ) ; ) , ; ) , ; ) ,
; ) , ; ) , ; ) , ; ) , .
159 , :
.
.
57.9 0.06 0.05 108.2 0.92 0.81 149.6 1.00 1.00 227.9 0.15 0.11 978.3 1345.00 318.40 1429.3 767.00 95.20
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
75
, : ) ,
; )
, . ;
) . .
-. .
- , .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
76
1. . . ., 1991.
2. . . ., 1988.
3. . . . -: / New publishing house, 2004 .
4. . . ., 1982.
5. ., . . : , 1991.
6. . : . : - - 2001.
7. . : . : - - 2000.
8. . . . : . .: -, 2007.
9. . . . : . .: , 2007.
10. .., .. ( 5.5): .-. . ., 1992.
11. Borland Pascal with Objects 7.0. , 1993.
12. .. . . .: , 2005.
13. .. Turbo Pascal. Delphi. .: -, 2006. 416 .
14. : petrsu.karelia.ru/psu/Chairs/IMO/pascal/
15. PascalABC.NET: sunschool.math.rsu.ru/pabc/
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)
PascalABC.NET
: - ..
25.06.11. 70x108/16. . . . . . 17,7. .-. . 18,0. . ______ . ______
-. , . .
Create PDF files without this message by purchasing novaPDF printer (http://www.novapdf.com)