Peka Paper 3

7/26/2019 Peka Paper 3

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M&S LEARNING CENTRE 0122026649

(F4Chapter 8)

Hydrilla sp. is a multicellular organism found in the water pond. The

population distribution of Hydrilla sp is affected by abiotic factors such as

light intensity, humidity and nutrient content.

Hydrilla sp adalah organisma multisel yang dijumpai di dalam kolam.

Taburan populasi Hydrilla sp dipengaruhi oleh faktor-fakt

group of student has carried out an e!periment to study the effect of light

intensity on the population growth of Hydrilla sp. The mass of Hydrilla sp is

"ept constant at the beginning of e!periment. Four bulbs with differentwatts were used and the study was done for # wee"s.

Satu kumpulan pelajar telah menjalankan eksperimen untuk mengkaji kesan

keamatan cahaya ke atas tumbesaran Hydrilla sp. Jisim Hydrilla sp

ditetapkan malas pada permulaan eksperimen. Tiga mentol berlainan kuasa

digunakan dan kajian mengambil masa selama 6 minggu.

$esign an e!periment in the laboratory to study the abo%e effect. &our

e!perimental planning should include the following aspects'

Rancang satu eksperiment dalam makmal untuk mengkaji kesan diatas.

anda hendaklah mengandungi aspek-aspek berikut:

roblem tatement

ernyataan !asalah


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Hypothesis.

Hypothesis

*ariables

embolehubah

+ist of materials and apparatus.

Senarai Radas dan bahan

!perimental procedure.

rosedur eksperiment.

resentation of data.

ersembahan data

-/ mar"s0

Problem statement:

. 1hat is the effect of light intensity on the mass of Hydrilla sp2

Hypothesis:

. s light intensity increases, the higher the mass 3 height of Hydrilla

sp.

Variable:

anipulated %ariable' +ight 5ntensity 33 $ifferent 1atts 3 power of bulbs

6esponding %ariable' ass 3 height of Hydrilla sp


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Controlled %ariable ' 5nitial mass of plant 3 Hydrilla sp 33 number of

wee"s3 duration

aterials ' Hydrilla sp plant, pond water, tissue paper

pparatus ' 7ea"ers, mar"er pen, light bulbs (91, 491, #91, 991),

weighing machine 3 metre rule, forcep

Example of Procedure.

. :9ml of pond water is placed into 4 bea"ers ,

(;)

which are labelled as ,7,C and $

. 9 pieces of Hydrilla sp 3 a


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/. The Hydrilla sp are dried out using tissue paper 3 cloth

(;:)

and weight using a weighing machine 3balance.

The mass 3 height of plants are recorded(;4)

8. This obser%ation was carried out for # wee"s

(;)

>. ll the readings of mass are tabulated in a table and the a%erage

reading

are calculated .

(;4)

Tabulation of data:

ower of

bulbs 3

1atts

ass3 length of Hydrilla sp

(g 3cm)

%erage (g 3

cm)

9

49

#9

99

.$etermine the population of birds.(form 4 Chapter 8)

?b@ecti%es of study' To in%estigate and estimate the population of birds.

Hypothesis'

The population siAe of birds can be determined by'


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*ariables'

anipulated %ariable' 7irds which are captured in the first and second6esponding %ariable' 7irds are mar"ed

Controlled %ariable' laces of e!periment, species of birds

pparatus and materials'

+ight ring, fruitBeating birds that ha%e determined and special net that can

co%er the area of sampling

Techni


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umber of birds can be determined by capture, mar" , release and recapture

techni


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=. syringe is used to add : ml of the albumen suspension to each test

tube.

4. ml of 9. hydrochloric acid and ml of pepsin solution are added

to test tube G.:. ml of 9. sodium hydro!ide solution and ml of pepsin solution

are added to test tube &.

#. ml of distilled water and ml of pepsin solution are added to test tube

.

/. ll the test tubes are immersed in a water bath maintained at =/oC for

9 minutes.

8. The obser%ations are recorded in a table.

Tabulation of data'Test tube pH i!ture

t the beginning

of the

e!periment

i!ture after 9

minutes

G =

& /

8

=. ffect of temperature on the enAyme acti%ity of pepsin(f4 c4)

roblem statement' what are the effects of temperature on the acti%ity of

sali%ary amylase2

im' To study the optimum temperature for the sali%ary amylase to perform

well.

*ariables'

anipulated %ariable' temperature

6esponding %ariable' 6ate of enAymatic reactionConstant %ariable' *olume and concentration of starch suspension

Hypothesis'

The rate of acti%ity of sali%ary amylase on starch increases with the increase

in temperature until it reached the optimum temperature of =/oC.


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aterials'

E starch suspension, sali%a solution, iodine solution , ice and distilled

water.

pparatus'

7ea"ers, test tube, syringes, droppers, glass rods, while tile with groo%es,

thermometers, a 7unsen burner, a tripod stand, a test tube rac", a wire gauAe

and a stopwatch.

Techni


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.The iodine test is repeated e%ery minute for 9 minutes. The dropper

is rinsed in a bea"er of distilled water after each sampling.

.The time ta"en for the hydrolysis of starch to be completed is

recorded.=.The test tubes containing the mi!ture are "ept in their respecti%e water

baths throughout the e!periment. teps are repeated for test tubes

7,C,$ and .

Tabulation of data'

Test tube Temperature

(oC)

Time ta"en for the

hydrolysis of starch to be

completed (minutes)

6ate of enAymatic reaction

(minB)

97 8

C =/

$ 4:

#9

4. +e%el of pollution(f4C>)

roblem statement' 1hat is the le%el of pollution in different sources of

water2

im' to in%estigate the le%el of pollution in se%eral samples of water from

different sources.

*ariables'

anipulated %ariables' 1ater samples

6esponding %ariables' time ta"en for the methylene blue solution to

decolouriseFi!ed %ariable'Concentration of methylene blue solution

Hypothesis' ri%er water is the most polluted of the samples of water

collected.


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aterials'

ethylene blue solution (9.E), water samples from ri%er, pond, drain, pipe,

well and distilled water

pparatus'

:9ml reagent bottles with stoppers, bea"ers, syringes and stopwatch

Techni


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#. ffect of pH affect the acti%ity of yeast(f4c/)

roblem statement' How does pH affect the acti%ity of yeast2

im' To study the effect of pH on the acti%ity of yeast2

Hypothesis' the acti%ity of yeast is the optimum in acidic medium.

*ariables'

anipulated %ariable' pH %alue

6esponding %ariable' the height of coloured li


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/. ffect of carbon dio!ide on the rate of photosynthesis(F4C#)

roblem statement' $oes the concentration of carbon dio!ide affect the

rate of photosynthesis2

Hypothesis' The higher the concentration of carbon dio!ide, the higher

the rate of photosynthesis in a


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=. ubmerge the a. 6ecord the result in table.

9.6epeated steps until > using E,=E and 4E of sodium hydrogen

carbonate solutions.

.Calculate the rate of photosynthesis.

Tabulation of data'

Concentration of

sodium hydrogen

carbonate solution

(E)

umber of

bubbles released

in 9 minutes

6ate of

photosynthesis(number3minutes)

=4

8. The ffect of wind on the rate of transpiration(F:C)

roblem statement' what is the effect of wind on the rate of transpiration2

im' to study the effect wind on the rate of transpiration2

Hypothesis' the fastest the speed of air mo%ement, the higher the rate of

transpiration.

aterials'

+eafy shoots of balsam plant ,$istilled water, *aseline


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pparatus'

Capillary tube, 6ubber tubing, top watch, 7ea"er, Tissue paper, ar"er

pen, Fan

Techni. The time ta"en for the air bubbles to mo%e from to 7 is recorded by

using the stopwatch.

9.teps : to 8 are repeated twice to get the a%erage..The e!periment is repeated under medium and strong speed of fan.

.The results are recorded in the table.

=.The rate of transpiration is calculated.

Tabulation of data'


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1ind

speed

6eadings (min or s) 6ate of

transpiration(cm3min)First second third a%erage

low

ediumFast

>. Concentration of %itamin C(F4C#)

roblem statement' $oes fresh gua%a @uice contain higher

concentration of %itamin C than e!posed gua%a @uice2

im' To determine the concentration of %itamin C in fresh gua%a @uiceand e!posed gua%a @uice.

Hypothesis' fresh gua%a @uice contains higher concentration of

%itamin C compared to e!posed gua%a @uice.

pparatus'

Test tubes, bea"er, syringe with needles, stopwatch

aterials'

9.E ascorbic acid solution, $C5 solution, fresh gua%a @uice,

e!posed gua%a @uice

Techni


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. Fill a :ml syringe with 9.E ascorbic acid solution.

=. lace the needle of the syringe into the $C5 solution.

4. dd the ascorbic acid solution to the $C5 drop by drop , stirring

gently with the syringe needle until the $C5 solution becomescolourless.

:. 6epeat the steps to : using fresh gua%a @uice and e!posed gua%a

@uice.

#. Tabulate the result. Calculate the concentration of %itamin C in

each gua%a @uice using the formulaD

Tabulation of data'

olution *olume of fruit

@uices need to

decolourise

$C5 solution

Concentration of

%itamin C is

gua%a @uice

scorbic acid

Fresh gua%a@uice

!posed gua%a

@uice

9. Concentration of carbon $io!ide (F4C/)

roblem statement' 1hat is the effect of different acti%ities on the

content of carbon dio!ide2

Hypothesis' The more %igorous the acti%ity, the higher the percentage of

carbon dio!ide in the e!haled air.


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im' To in%estigate how the type of acti%ity affect the concentration of

carbon dio!ide in e!haled air.

rocedure'

Tabulation of data'


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. $etermine the siAe of molecules that can diffuse through a semi

permeable membrane(F4C=)

im' to study the siAe of molecules that can diffuse through a semiB

permeable membrane

roblem statement' 1hat are the siAe of molecules able to diffuse

through the semi permeable %is"ing tubing2

Hypothesis' The smaller the siAe of molecules, the easier the molecules

pass through the semi permeable membrane.

anipulated %ariables' iAe of molecules

6esponding %ariable' The colour change of 7enedictJs solution

Constant %ariable' *olume of starch suspension and glucose solution in

the %is"ing tube

pparatus' 7ea"er, Test tube, 7unsen burner, measuring cylinder,

stopwatch

aterials' 7enedictJs solution, 5odine solution, %is"ing tube, starch

uspension, glucose solutions, distilled water

rocedure'

. %is"ing tube 8cm is soa"ed in water for : minutes to soften it.

. The %is"ing tube is tied at one end of the tube tightly with a piece of

thread.

=. *is"ing tube is filled with 9ml glucose solution using a syringe.


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4.The other end of the tube is tied tightly with a piece of thread.

:.The outer surface of the %is"ing tube is rinsed with distilled water.

#. The %is"ing tube is immersed into a bea"er filled with distilled water.

/.FT6 9 5IT, a 7enedictJs test is carried out on the distilledwater outside the %is"ing tube in the bea"er.

8.teps B# are repeated by using starch suspension.

>. /.FT6 9 5IT, an 5odineJs test is carried out on the distilled

water outside the %is"ing tube in the bea"er.

9. The result of both tests are recorded in a table.

Tabulation of data'

olution in the %is"ingtube Food test on the li


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aterials' drin"ing water

rocedure'

. student is chosen and instructed to empty his bladder before the startof e!periment.

. easure 99ml of plain water and put it into a cup.

=. student is gi%en 99 ml of plain water to drin".

4. stopwatch is start immediately after consuming the water.

:.$uring the e!periment, he is "ept in one room with room temperature.

#. He is instructed not to eat or perform any %igorous physical acti%ities

with the period of time.

/. fter half an hour, he is as"ed to empty is bladder,

8.The collected urine is "ept in a large bea"er.

>. t inter%al of e%ery half hour, until hour, he is as"ed to empty his

bladder.

9. fter two hours, the total collected urine is measured using a

measuring cylinder.

. teps B9 are repeated by the same student to drin" 499ml, #99ml,

899ml ,999ml of plain water.

. easure and record the data collected into a table.

Tabulation of data'

*olume of water inta"e(ml)

*olume of urine produced(ml)

=. $etermine the effect of nitrogen on the growth rate of plant(f4C#)


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