PETROCHEMICAL PETROCHEMICAL

PROCESSES PROCESSES -- GENERALGENERAL

2008.09.03

기술영업지원팀 / 박광욱

Sheet 1

Rev.1

해외 영업 플랜트Process 교육

� Petrochemical Industry

� Understanding of Petrochemicals & Processes

� Important Olefins Production Processes

� Steam Cracker ~ Ethylene Processes

� On-Purpose Olefin Processes

� Petrochemicals from Alternative Feedstocks

� Integrated Petrochemical Projects

� Strategic Approaches to Petrochemical Projects

� Attachments : Additional Information & References

TABLE OF CONTENT

Sheet 2

Petrochemical Industry – Overall Structure

석유화학EPC

비즈니스영역

전통적인석유화학

산업구조도

Sheet 3

Steam Cracker(Gas Cracker, NCC)

Catalytic Reformer

Gasification(POx, Reforming)

Gas (C2, C3)

Naphtha

Natural Gas

Coal

Petrochemical Industry Structure by Feedstocks

Olefins

B.T.X

Syngas(CO,H2)

F-T

PSA

Ammonia

DME

MeOH

Synfuel

Ammonia

H2

Urea

MTO/MTP

FeedstocksFeedstocks Processing PlantProcessing Plant

(upstream)(upstream)Basic ProductsBasic Products Processing PlantProcessing Plant

(downstream)(downstream)

Intermediates

Olefins(*) Intermediates : SM, EDC/VCM, CycloHexane, O-X, P-X. etc

PO Chain (PE, PP)

PVC Chain (EDC/VCM, PVC)

Styrencs Chain (SM, PS, EPS)

PET Chain (EDC/VCM, PVC)

Nylon Chain (CH, Caprolactam, NY)

PC Chain (Cumene, Phenol, BPA, PC)

Alcohols, Oxo-alcohols

EO, EG, PG, PPG

TDI, MDI

Sheet 4

DME

Process Map - GSE&C Business -Refinery /Petrochemical /Gas

Sheet 5

Understanding of

Petrochemicals & Processes

Sheet 6

� Basic Petrochemicals are made from Naphtha and Gases originated from Crude Oiland Natural Gas.

� Application of Heat and Pressure

� Reactions with other Chemicals/ with or without Catalysts

� Primary Separation Methods : Distillations and Extractions

Petrochemical Processes : Basic Understanding

Monomers :(unsaturated molecules, - Ethylene/Propylene - Iso-Butylene- Vinyl Chloride- Styrene

Polymerization Reaction in the presence of a Catalyst

Polymers

� Polymerization Reactions as most important Petrochemical Industry area

Sheet 7

� Characteristics

� Contains a double bond (C2H4)

� Most important & largest basic chemical in industry (‘08 Global Demand: 120 Million TPA)

� Main Use of Ethylene :

(1) Mostly for production of Polyethylene (~60%)

(2) Production of Ethylene-derivative products : PE, EO/EG, EDC, EtOH, EB, etc

� Major Production Methods : Naphtha Cracking Process

� Main Derivatives

C.Heater Section Quench Section Compressor Section Purification Section

Ethylene & Propylene

Pyrolysis Gasoline mixed C4s

EthyleneC2H4

Naphtha

HP Steam

Recycle C2 & C3

Dilution Steam

(conjugation)

(oxidation)

(addition of HOCl)

(C6H6 Alkylation)

(H2O addition)

(chlorination)

Polyethylene (HDPE, LLDPE, LDPE)

Petrochemical Processes : OLEFINS ~ Ethylene

Ethylene Oxide

Ethylene Chlorohydrin

Ethylene Benzene

Ethanol

Ethylene dichloride

SM PS

VCM PVC

Sheet 8

� Characteristics

� CH2=CH2-CH3 (C3H6) (~Propene)

� 2nd Largest Commodity in the Petrochemical industry (‘08 Global Demand: 66 Million TPA)

� Main use of Propylene :

(1) Production of Polypropylene. (~70%)

(2) Production of Propylene-derivatives : PP, AN, PO/PG, Cumene, Acrylic Acid, IPA, Oxo-alcohol

� Major Production Methods

� Main Derivatives

Petrochemical Processes : OLEFINS ~ Propylene

� Mostly By-products from either Steam Cracking(64%) or FCC units (30%) (traditional)

� Increasing need for On-Purpose & Selective Propylene manufacturing Processes

: C3 PDH, Olefin Conversion Technology, MTO/MTP ( 6% @2007 � 15% @ 2012)

PropyleneC3H6

(conjugation)

(oxidation)

(C6H6 Alkylation)

(H2O addition)

Polypropylene

Propylene Oxide

Cumene

Isopropyl Alcohol

Phenol BPA

PG

Sheet 9

� Characteristics

CH2=CH2-CH2=CH2. (C4H6)

� Solvent Extractive Distillation Method : used mainly in Europe, Asia� C4 LPG DeHydrogenation

� 1,3 BD Production Process

� Main Derivatives

� Major Production Methods

Petrochemical Processes : OLEFINS ~ 1,3-Butadinene

1st Extractive Distillation Purification Section

1,3-Butadiene

Mixed C4s

C4 Raffinate to MMA

From NCC 2nd Extractive Distillation

Solvent Recovery

ButadieneC4H6

BR (Butadiene Rubber)

SBS

SB Latex

ABS

Sheet 10

�‘08 Global Demand: 10 Million TPA

� Characteristics

� Benzene

C6H6

� Aromatics Production from NCC

� Toluene

C6H5CH3

� Xylene ~ most valuable Aromatic chemicalfor downstream applications

C6H4C2H6

Petrochemical Processes : Aromatics

� Hydrogenation,Non-aromatics Separation & Purification of Pyrolysis Gasoline from NCC

Hydrogenation ReactionPygas

C5

From NCC DeC8 / DeC5

C9+

Aromatics Purification

B.T.X sent to BTX Separation

H2

� Major Portion of BTX Products from Aromatic Complex including CCR-Reformer (catalytic reforming of Naphthas)

Sheet 11

BENZENEEthyl-

Benzene

Cumene

Phenol

Cyclo-Hexane

Styrene

BisPhenol-A

Capro-lactam

Poly-Carbonate

EpoxyResin

Nylon-6

PhenolicResin

Poly-Styrene

SAN (*)

SBR (*)

ABS (*)

* SAN: Styrene Acryronitrile* ABS: Acryronitrile Butadien Styrene* SBR: Styrene Butadiene Rubber

� Main Derivatives – Benzene

Petrochemical Processes : Aromatics - Benzene

Sheet 12

TOLUENEToluene

Diisocyanate

TNTTrinitrotoluene

PolyurethaneFoam

Explosives

� Main Derivatives – Toluene

XYLENES PTA (*) PET (*) Fiber

Film

Resin

* PTA : Purified Terephthalic Acid* PET : Poly Ethylene Terephthalate* PA : Phthalic Anhydride* DOP: Dioctyl Phthalate (가소제)

Para-X

� Main Derivatives – Xylenes

PA(*)Ortho-X

DOP(*)

Petrochemical Processes : Aromatics - Toluene & Xylene

Sheet 13

Important Olefin Production ProcessesImportant Olefin Production Processes

Sheet 14

Important Olefin Production ProcessesImportant Olefin Production Processes

� Ethylene (Steam Cracker) Production Technologies

� Lummus Process

� S&W Process

� KBR Process

� Linde Process

� On-Purpose (Alternative) Propylene Production Technologies

� C3 PDH (Dehydrogenation) : Oleflex by UOP, Catofin by Lummus

� Metathesis : OCT (Olefin Conversion Technology) by Lummus

� Gas-to Olefins : MTO by UOP, MTP by Lurgi

� High Severity FCC

� Olefins Cracking

� Comparison of Propylene Production Technologies

� Others Sources of Olefins

Sheet 15

Acid Gas

Absorber

DeC2 DeC1

DeC3=

AcetyleneConverter

C2Splitter

(2)

C3+ Hydrogenator(MAPD Conv.)

DeC5

Chilling Train

C1 Offgas (fuel)

C2= Product

Bin

ary

Refrig

era

tion

PropaneRefrigeration

C2 Recycle

C3= Product

C3/C4/C5 Recycle

C6 + Fuel

C2 Feed

C2 Recycle

C3/C4/C5 Recycle

Quench Tower

H.Gas Residue

Charge Gas Compressor

C2 Feed Saturator

Q.Water

Charge Gas Dryer

Caustic/Water

Wash Tower

T.L.E

Cracking Heaters

C3+

C2-

C2 & C2=

CH4 Washing Drum

H2 Gas

H2

Ethylene Process - Ethane Cracker (Typical)

Sheet 16

For Ethane (Gas Feed) Cracker,

Fractionation/Recovery Sections are almost same scheme among the major Licensed processes

CB&I LUMMUS

Charge Gas Comp.& Acid GasRemoval

Chilling Train andHydrogen Separation

Acid Gas

Feed

SRTCrackingFurnace

Transfer Line Exchanger

GasolineFractionator

Quench Tower C.G.Dryer

Fuel Oil

Methane Hydrogen

Demethanizer Deethanizer

Ethylene

EthaneRecycle

H2

AcetyleneConverter

H2Propylene

PropaneRecycle

Mixed C4s

PyrolysisGasoline

DilutionSteam

HPSteam

CW

Schematic Diagrams

Licensor’s Ethylene Process - Naphtha Cracker

Sheet 17

For Naphtha (Liquid Feed) Cracker,

Fractionation/Recovery Sections are different scheme among the major Licensed processes

Feed

DilutionSteam

USCCrackingFurnace

CausticTower

C.Gas Dryer

AcetyleneConverter

Depropanizer

EthaneRecycle

Propylene

PropaneRecycle

PyrolysisGasoline

PropyleneFractionator

MAPDConverter Debutanizer

H2

Mixed C4s

Demthanizer

DephlegmatorChillingSystem(*)

Ethylene

Deethanizer EthyleneFractionator

Fuel Oil

Hydrogen

Methane

Quench OilTower

HPSteam

PyrolysisGasoline

Quench WaterTower

C.GasComp

(*) Advanced Recovery System with heat-integratedrectifier system

Schematic Diagrams Shaw : S & W

Licensor’s Ethylene Process - Naphtha Cracker

Sheet 18

ChillingTrain

C.Gas Comp.& Acid GasRemovalFeed

DilutionSteam

Ethane Recycle

Fuel oil

Ethylene

Propylene

Propane Recycle

PropyleneSplitter

Debutanizer

Depropanizer

EthyleneSplitter

AcetyleneConverter

Deethanizer

Demethanizer

SelectivePyrolysisFurnace

PyrolysisGasoline

Methane & H2

PyrolysisFractionator C.G Dryer

Mixed C4s

HPSteam

KBR

C5+

C2

C3

Schematic Diagrams

Licensor’s Ethylene Process - Naphtha Cracker

Sheet 19

Cracked GasComp. &Acid Gas Removal

Feed DilutionSteam

Fuel oil

Mixed C4s

PyrolysisGasoline

H2

Propylene

PropaneRecycle

Methane Ethylene

EthaneRecycle

PrimaryFractionator

Quench W.Tower

C.GasDryer Deethanizer

ColdTrain

Hydrogen

Debutanizer Depropanizer PropyleneFractionator

Demethanizer EthyleneFractionator

HPSteam

ColdTrain

Acetylene Converter

MAPD Converter

PyroCrackFurnace

LINDE A.GSchematic Diagrams

Licensor’s Ethylene Process - Naphtha Cracker

Sheet 20

Five On-Purpose (Alternative) Propylene Production Technologies

1. C3 PDHPDH

C3C3=

H2

• 85% Propylene yield on C3 feed

• Fully commercialized since 1992 by Lummus (CATOFIN), and UOP (OLEFLEX). Up to > 450,000 MTY plant capacity

• $ 230~280 Million for 350,000 MTY plant

• Cheap propane is the key to recover the investment

• 9 plants operations

• Planned projects : 태국 PTT, 사우디 Al Zamil,

2. Metathesis MetathesisC3=

• 3 plants operation. 8 projects announced by 2006

• Feed stock valuation is important

• $ 40~50 Million for 200,000 MTY plant

• Lummus OCT® process: 3 plants operation, 8 plants planned by ‘07

• Pushing ethane-only feedstock option

C2=

C4=

5. Olefins CrackingCracking

C3=

• Upgrade multiple , cheap heavier olefins stream

• Yields 30!~45% Propylene depending on feeds

• $ 35~45 Million for 100,000 MTY plant

• Not well commercialized

C4-C8 Olefins

-Crude C4~C5s

-FCC Butylene

-FCC Naphtha

C2=

3. High SeverityFCC

DCC

C3=

• Similar to conventional FCC technology

• Upgrade low-quality/value gas oils and residues

• $ 250~275 Million for 200,000 MTY plant

• Almost all plants in China (Sinopec developed technology)

Gas Oil

Motor gasoline

4. Gas-to-Olefins

Syngas

C3=

• Need huge (mega) Methanol plant to make world scale(min. 1,000,000 MTY. Current largest capacity : 1,650,000 MTY)

• Capital costs comparable to steam cracking

• Need cheap gas (under $1 per mmBTU)

• Competes with LNG and GTL for cheap gas

• Cheap MeOH shipping is opportunity

• 2 projects are planned by 2008.

Natural

GasC2=

MeOH MTO/MTP

Sheet 21

C3 Combined Feed

Net H2

rich gas

OleflexOleflex Process Diagram Process Diagram -- UOPUOP

Expanders

Separators

CCR

Reactor Section CCR Section

Heaters

H2 recycleTo C3=

Recovery

Comp.

Dryer

DEC2 P.P

Splitter

DEC3 Feed

Guard Bed

C3 Feed (fresh)

Propylene product

C4+ by-product

C2-

Light

Ends

SulfurC3

Recycle

C3 PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation) Process (I)

� Basic Chemistry : C3H8 C3H6 + H2 Catalyst

Heat propane propylene

Sheet 22

Reactor on Purge

Low Temp. Recovery Unit

Reactors on Stream

Reactor on Reheat/ Regen.

Steam

Product Compressor

Deethanizer

P/P Splitter

recycle-Propane

Fuel

Air

SteamExhaust Air

Fuel Gas

Propylene

ProductPropane

Feed

Cooler

Air HeaterCharge Heater

Flash Drum

Effluent Exchanger

CATOFIN Process CATOFIN Process -- LummusLummus

C3 PDH (Propane Dehydrogenation) Process (II)

� Basic Chemistry : C3H8 C3H6 + H2 Catalyst

Heat propane propylene

Sheet 23

OCT~ Olefin Conversion Technology

� Basic Chemistry (step 1) : C2H4 + C4H8 2 C3H6Metathesis

Ethylene propylene 2-butene

� Basic Chemistry (step 2) : 1-butene 2-buteneIsomerization

OCT Process by OCT Process by LummusLummus

Sheet 24

Small to Large

:

LargeMedium to LargeMedium to Large

: 200~700 KTA

Large

: 400~500 KTACommercial

Plant Size

-High dependence on Feedstock availability

-Starting feedstock?

-Need mega-size plant upto MeOH

-Needs commercial reliability

-FCC-Very sensitive to Ethylene prices

-Limited to NCC owner /location

-Sensitive to C3-/C3 price difference

-Integration of PDH& Downstream business

Considerations

No : 2 Plants planned startup 2008, China

Yes

: Lurgi or UOP

Ethylene & Water

-N.Gas (methane)

-or. Methanol

-From N.Gas : Huge

-From MeOH: Moderate to Large

-Cheap MeOH price

: < 100$/ton-MeOH

-Cheap N.G price

: < 1 $ /MMBTU

Gas to Olefins

(MTP/MTO)

2 Plants planned by 2008

Sufficient

: All plants in China

SufficientSufficientCommercial Experiences

Yes

: KBR

Yes

: Sinopec

Yes

: OCT by Lummus

Yes

: UOP or LummusTechnology Availability

Cheap C4~ C8 Olefins

Low grade Gas oilsEthylene & ButenePropaneFeed Stock

Very Low MeOHPrice from Mega scale

FCC와 유사-Low Ethylene & Butene price

-High Propylene price

Propylene/ Propane 가격차 (250~300 $/ton 이상 필요)

Key Factor to ROI

None

Small to Moderate

Metathesis

(OCT)

Motor gasoline

Moderate to Large

High Severity FCC (DCC)

Ethylene & BTX gasoline

H2By-products

ModerateModerate

Capital investment

Olefins Cracking

C3 PDH

Comparison of Propylene Production Technologies

Sheet 25

Others Sources of Olefinic Hydrocarbons

� Catalytic Cracking

� RFCC Process : can produce C2, C3 C4 Olefins along with Gasoline and Gas Oil products

� See Olefins Yields Data by FCC at the Attachment

� New Catalytic Cracking Process for Ethylene & Propylene: ACO® (Advanced Catalytic Process) under commercialization by KBR/ SK Corp./ KRICT� See more detail Information about ACO Process at the Attachment

� Oligomerization of Light Olefins

� Ethylene Oligomer : Linear Alpha-Olefin from Ethylene dimerization

� Metathesis of Ethylene & Butene to get Propylene : OCT

� Paraffin Dehydrogenations :

� C3 Dehydrogenation to Propylene : OLFLEX (UOP), or CATOFIN (Lummus)

� C4 Dehydrogenation to n-Butenes : OLFLEX (UOP), or CATADINE (Lummus)

� Higher HC (C11~C14) Dehydrogenation to linear Olefins for feed to LAB production : PACOL/OLEX (UOP)

Sheet 26

Petrochemicals from

Alternative Feedstocks

Sheet 27

Syngas – Basic Entity of Gas to Chemicals

SYNGAS: CO + H2

Methanol

FT-Fischer Tropsch

Products

DME

Hydrogen Olefins

PolypropyleneAcrylonitrilPolyethylene

Ethylene-Glycolα-Olefins

Diesel-Additives

Formaldehyd

MTBE

Acetic Acid

Fuel

Diesel

LiquidsEnergy-

Production

Fuel Cell,“GreenFuels“

Clean Fuels,Lubricants,α -Olefins

Feedstocks:- Natural Gas- Coal- Heavy Oil- Biomass

Urea

Ammonia

Sheet 28

합성가스

제조공정

F-T 합성유

제조공정

합성유

Upgrading 공정

Methanol/DME

Ammonia

MTG/DTG

MTP/DTP

AA

MTO/DTP

Diesel

Gasoline

LPG

Fuel Gas

Waxes/Lube Oil

Power

Fuel Cells

MTBE, Acetic Acid

Diesel/Gasoline

Propylene/ Polypropylene

Acrylic Acid/Acrylates

Ethylene/Propylene

Ammonia/Urea/

Fertilizer

Fuel (DME)

MTG : Methanol to Gasoline DTG : DME to Gasoline MTP : Methanol to Propylene

DTP : DME to Propylene AA : Acrylic Acid process MTO : Methanol to Olefin

• 석탄• 식물

• 천연가스

Gas Cracker Ethylene

Petrochemicals Productions from Alternative Feedstocks

Sheet 29

증류공정및탈황공정증류공정및탈황공정

천연가스

천연가스분리/정제

메탄

액화공정액화공정

LPG

응축유

기초가스제품

도시가스, 발전용 연료

차량용, 가정용 LPG

산업용, 가정용 등유(난방유)항공유차량용, 산업용 경유(디젤)

천연가스

LPG

등유경유

에탄

저장및출하설비저장및출하설비

저장및기화설비저장및기화설비

South Par 9 & 10

LNG ProjectLG정유군장 LNG

천연가스개질공정천연가스개질공정

합성가스변환반응합성가스변환반응 제품

증류제품증류

GTL Project

휘발유석유화학 납사 분해공정 원료휘발유 / 납사차량용, 산업용 경유(디젤)경유

에탄분해공정에탄분해공정 석유화학산업 기초원료에틸렌

휘발유석유화학 납사 분해공정 원료휘발유 / 납사

Qatar Laffan Project

Saudi SIPCHEM Project

가스 산업 개략 공정도: GSE&C Project Cases

Sheet 30

Typical Syngas Plant (Heavy Oil Feed case)

Gas Treating

Sulfur Recovery

Gas Separation

Soot

Filtering

ASU

Gasifier

Sour water

Stripper

Water M/U

AmineAbsorber

AmineRegenerator

TSA/ Cryogenics

PSA H2

CO

Off-gas

Off-gasIncinerator

Flue gasTail GasTreating

SulfurRecovery

Sour gas

Sulfur toStorage

Raw Syngas Sweet Syngas

N2

O2

Scrubber

Soot

Incinerator

Air Separation

Air

Steam

B-C Oil feed

Gasification

Soot

Removal

Ash Waste Water to W.W.T

Sheet 31

Typical Syngas Plant (Coal Feed case)

RECTISOLUnit

N2 Wash

CO2 Purification

UREAPlant

AMMONIAPlant

ASU

Gasification

& Quench

SyngasScrubber

CO- Shift &Heat Recov.

SRUClaus/TGTU

Configuration of Coal-based Syngas- Fertilizer Complex

Syngas Plant Configuration with Gas Treatment by ‘RECTISOL’ and Purification by ‘N2 Wash Design’

and ‘CO2 Recovery’.

Coal

Sheet 32

반응 Chemistry :

1) Reduction of Lime (Calcium oxide)

by Carbon (coke)

: CaO + 3C � CaC2 (Calcium Carbide) + CO

반응 Chemistry :

2) Hydrolysis of Calcium Carbide to

produce Acetylene

: CaC2 + 2 H2O � C2H2 + Ca(OH)2

3) Conversion to VCM by Acetylene

hydrochlorination

: C2H2 + HCl � CH2=HCl (VCM)

Coal to Petrochemicals : Coal-base VCM (전석법 PVC)

Sheet 33

Future Resources & Sustainable Routes to Petrochemicals

Feedstocks Process Technology Intermediate Products Petrochemical Products

• Crude Oil

• Condensates • Associated Gas• Natural Gas

• Coal

• Renewable Resources

• Biomass

Refining & Separation

SteamCracker

PDH

Aromatics• Bz• Tol• Xylenes

Olefins• Ethylene• Propylene

Oxidates• Alcohols• Ethers• Esters• Acids• Aldehydes

Alternative/New Routes ?

Syngas MeOH MTO/MTP

Polyolefins• PE• PP• Acrylates

Polycondensates• PC• PET• PBT

Solvents

Fuels & Additives

Sheet 34

Petrochemical Technology Roadmap - Alternative Feedstocks

Sheet 35

Integrated Petrochemical Complex Projects

Sheet 36

NCC - Petrochemical Complex (롯데대산)

Sheet 37

NaphthaNaphtha

EthyleneEthylene

HDPEHDPE HDPEHDPE

BD Extraction

BD Extraction 1,3 Butadiene1,3 Butadiene

PropylenePropylene

C4Hydrogenation

C4Hydrogenation ButaneButane

Raffinate-1Raffinate-1

PygasTreatmentPygas

Treatment TolueneTolueneBTX RecoveryBTX

Recovery

BenzeneBenzene

Xylenes (mixed)Xylenes (mixed)

PentanePentaneC5Hydrogenation

C5Hydrogenation

NCC NCC

Feedstock

To MMA plant

NCC - Petrochemical Complex (LG석유화학/여수)

Sheet 38

FIG. Configuration Case forFIG. Configuration Case for

RECTISOL / N2 Wash Design and CO2 ProductionRECTISOL / N2 Wash Design and CO2 Production

RECTISOLUnit

N2 Wash

CO2 Purification

UREAPlant

AMMONIAPlant

ASU

Gasification

& Quench

Coal Prep.Grinding/Slurry

SyngasScrubber

CO- Shift &Heat Recov.

SRUClaus/TGTU

Coal-based Gasification- Fertilizer Complex – Vietnam Ha Bac Project (1/2)

Preliminary ConfigurationPreliminary Configuration

Sheet 39

NH3Synthesis

NH3 Separation

(Cryogenic)

Storage-33°C

CO2

NH3

UreaSynthesis

Decomposer SeparationConcentration(Evaporation)

Prilling/Granulation

UreaBagging/Storage

Oil /Carbamate

Recycle: NH3, CO2

Urea Plant

Ammonia Plant

Pure Syngas

Pure CO2

from CO2 Purification

Coal - Gasification

from N2 Wash Unit

Coal - Gasification

H2+N2

Coal-based Gasification- Fertilizer Complex – Vietnam Ha Bac Project (2/2)

Sheet 40

TCO

Gas Separation

Plant

PropaneDehydrogenation

Propane - 550 kta

Ethane - 1083 kta

Dry Gas 7 bcma

Returned TCO Export /fuel gas

HDPE / LLDPE + LDPE400 kta 400 kta

PP 450 kta

Ethane Cracker

PE Production PP Production

Ethylene800 kta

Propylene450 kta

Utility

& Offsite

Integrated Petrochemical Complex – Kazakhstan KPI Project

Sheet 41

Dual Feed

Cracker

(1,000 KTA)

납사

Splitter

Reformer

에탄

NGL,Recycled가스 등

납사

수첨화

2중화/이성화

OCUPP

트랜스

알킬

EB/SM

PS

에틸렌

PP

프로필렌

PS

SM

MixedXylene

에틸렌

450

700

200

프로필렌

Benzene

Toluene

Xylene

Ethylene

Butene

C4

220

380

700

Heavy 납사(1,500)

Light 납사(1.150)

2,650

220

500

- 단위 : 천톤

Cracker Complex – Qatar QPCC Project

Aromatics PKG

PP, PS

PKG

Cracker PKG

EBSM PKG

EDU, OCU PKG

Utility Offsite

Sheet 42

[單位: 阡톤/年]

HDPE(362)

PP(83)

Condensate(140)

C2=

(367)

C3=

(84)

HDPE

PP

By-products

(64)

Storage

Gas(85百萬톤)Condensate(5.5百萬톤)

CH4

234

LPG

275

TIC (ISBL 5.0 + OSBL 2.0): 7億U$

Import

Nat. Gas (810)

GSP

에탄 (10.1$/천m3) Return

수

르

길

가

스

井

가스

1次

處理

裝置

PROJECT J/V50% 50%

韓國우즈벡UNG

持

株

會

社

KOGAS 35%(17.5%)

롯데 35%(17.5%)

LG/SK/STX 各 10%(5%)

CH4 Gas (2,040)TIC(ISBL 7.2 + OSBL 4.1): 11.3億 U$

Cracker

�總投資費 18.3億 U$ (PFS 結果)

Feed N. Gas(2,429)

政府에販賣 ($41.38/阡m3)

Gas to Chemical - UGCC Project- Uzbekstan

Sheet 43

Strategic Approaches to

Petrochemical Projects

Sheet 44

Strategic Approaches to Petrochemical Projects

� More chances of Complex Projects with integrated plant configuration

- (Upstream) Feedstock Production + (Downstream) Final Petrochemical Production

- Refinery + Petrochemical Plants Integration

- Gas Plant + Gas Cracker + Downstream Petrochemical units

- SynGas Plant + Downstream Petrochemical units

� Concentrate on Region/ Clients with large and competitive upstream

Feedstocks

� Partnering with governing Technology Licensors

� Collaboration with Global Competitive FEED / EPC Contractors

� Buildup of Global level FEED/EPC Experiences & Project knowledges

: LAB , PP, Aromatics, and What’s more?

Sheet 45

ATTACHEMENT:

ADDITIONAL INFORMATION

Sheet 46

Refinery Industry Process Flows Company Company

BrochureBrochure

Sheet 47

Gas Cracker

Gas:- Ethane,- Propane- Butane

Natural Gas (CH4)

Gas to Chemicals- Syngas- MeOH

Petrochemical Industry Process Flows Company Company

BrochureBrochure

Sheet 48

Natural Gas

Gas Treating & Separation

Methane

LiquefactionLiquefaction LNG

Ethane

Storage &Loading

Storage &Loading

Receiving &Vaporizing

Receiving &Vaporizing

ReformingReforming

Ethane CrackerEthane Cracker Ethylene

SynGas

GasificationGasification

MethanolMethanol

H2

MTBEMTBE

MTPMTP

MTOMTO

AmmoniaAmmonia

FischerTropsch

FischerTropsch

MTBE

Propylene

Olefins

Urea

Synthetic Fuel

DMEDME DME

AAAA Acetic Acid

PSAPSA

LPG LPG

Condensate Condensate

UreaUrea

Ammonia

Fuel Cell

PDHPDH Propylene

OCUOCU

Gas Industry Process FlowsCompany Company

BrochureBrochure

Sheet 49

Korean Petrochemical Process IndustryKorean Petrochemical Process Industry

Sheet 50

Ethane Propanen -

Butane

Ethylene (wt%)

Propylene (wt%)

Butadiene (wt%)

Aromatics (wt%)

84.0

1.4

1.4

0.4

45.0

14.0

2.0

3.5

44.0

17.3

3.0

3.4

FullrangeNaphtha

AGO

(Gas Oil)

VGO

(Gas Oil)

34.4

14.4

4.9

14.0

28.7

14.8

4.8

16.1

22.0

12.1

5.0

8.5

FEEDSTOCK

PRODUCT

Typical Pyrolysis Yields at Steam Cracker

Sheet 51

Typical FCC Yields

100 %

4.0

8.5

43.0

27.5

5.0

4.9

2.7

4.4

% wt of Feedstock

Olefins Yields from the FCC Feeds

Ethylene (C2-): 0.92%

Propylene (C3-): 2.46%

Butene (C4-) : 3.23%

Total

Coke

Residues

Light Gas Oil

Gasoline

C5 Cuts

C4- : 56% in the C4 CutsC4 Cuts

C3- : 72% in the C3 CutsC3 Cuts

C2-: 20.9%/ C3-: 11.8%

in the C2 Cuts

C2- Cuts

Olefins Content (wt%)Products Stream

Sheet 52

� ACO® : Advanced Catalytic Process for Ethylene & Propylene

� Co-developed by KBR/ SK Corp. / KRICT

� Catalytic Bed Reactor System instead of Cracking Furnaces

� Maximize Propylene Production : P/E ratio up to 1.0

� 15-20% Higher Olefins Yields

� More 25% more BTX

� Can reprocess all the C4s/C5 without additional treating

� To be first commercialized in 2010 @ SK Corp. Plant

New Catalytic Cracking Process for Ethylene & Propylene

Sheet 53

� ACO® Process Scheme : Reactor Section

New Catalytic Cracking Process for Ethylene & Propylene

Fresh Feed

To FlueGas System Quenched Reactor

Effluents to Recovery

FuelOil

CW

Regn Air

Oil Wash

TowerSUPERFLEX

Orthoflow

Reactor /

Regenerator

Catalyst Fines

Recycle C4/C5& Non-arom C6+

Ethane/propaneRecycle

Sheet 54

New Catalytic Cracking Process for Ethylene & Propylene

� ACO® Process Scheme : Recovery Section

Sheet 55

References for Petrochemical Technology & Information

�� GS E&C GUIDEBOOK FOR LICENSED PROCESSES (2005)GS E&C GUIDEBOOK FOR LICENSED PROCESSES (2005) : Hard Book(Vol.1, 2, 3) and PDF Files

~ (issued by (구) 공정기술팀).

� HANDBOOK OF PETROCHEMICAL PRODUCTION PROCESSES : Hard Book(Vol.1) and PDF File

~ by Robert A. Meyers. McGRAW-HILL Company, 2005.

�� PETROCHEMICAL PROCESSESPETROCHEMICAL PROCESSES : Hard Book (Vol.1, 2): Hard Book (Vol.1, 2)

~ (Technical & Economic Characteristics) Gulf Publishing Company, 1989

� CHEMICAL & PROCESS DESIGN HANDBOOK : PDF version (633 sheets)

~ by James. G. Speight (McGraw-Hill)

� SRI PEP YEARBOOK INTERNATIONAL 2003: Hard Book (Vol. 1~3) and PDF Files

~ Process Economics Program, SRI Consulting

� http://www.icis.com 중 Chemical Intelligence database

� http://www.hydrocarbonprocessing.com 중 Petrochemical process Handbook 최신판

� http://www.cri.co.kr ~ 화학저널(ChemLocus) Chemical News & Information DB site

� http://cischem.com ~ 석유화학 산업계 정보 및 제품 가격 동향 DB site

Sheet 56

Sheet 57

END