Cu 13: Phn tich ni dung quy lut phu inh cua phu inh

Cu 13: Phn tich ni dung quy lut phu inh cua phu inh. Y nghia phng phap lun cua vic nghin cu quy lut nay trong hoat ng thc tin.

Quy lut phu inh cua phu inh vach ro xu hng i ln cua s vt, hin tng trong qua trinh vn ng, phat trin.

1. Phu inh bin chng:

- Phu inh: la khai nim noi ln qua trinh vn ng cua s vt, hin tng. Trong o s vt, hin tng nay thay th cho s vt, hin tng khac.

- Phu inh bin chng: la phu inh ma trong o cai mi ra i thay th cho cai cu. Cai mi lam tin , tao iu kin cho s phat trin cua s vt, hin tng. Phep bin chng duy vt cho rng: s dit vong cua cai cu va s ra i cua cai mi, s thoai hoa va s phat trin co lin h ni tai vi nhau. Khng co mt nay cung khng co mt kia.

Phu inh trong phep bin chng khng chi co y nghia n gian la noi khng hoc gia la tuyn b rng mt s vt khng tn tai, hay pha huy s vt y theo mt cach nao o Cho nn phai thit lp s phu inh th nht nh th nao cho s phu inh ln th hai vn co kha nng thc hin c hay tr thanh co kha nng thc hin c (ngghen Chng uy-rinh, Nxb S tht, Ha Ni, 1976, tr. 230-321).

- c trng cua phu inh bin chng:

Th nht: Tinh khach quan

Th hai: Tinh k tha

Phu inh bin chng la kt qua cua s t thn phat trin trn c s nhng mu thun vn co cua s vt va hin tng nn no khng th la mt s phu inh tuyt i, mt s phu inh sach trn.

Phep bin chng duy vt coi s k tha la ni dung c ban cua phu inh bin chng.

2. Ni dung quy lut:

Tt ca moi s vt, hin tng u lun lun vn ng, phat trin, qua trinh o cung la qua trinh phu inh ln nhau cua cac mt i lp. Khuynh hng tt yu cua s vn ng la: cai mi thay th cho cai cu, cai mi lam tin tao iu kin cho s phat trin cua s vt, hin tng. Nhng s phat trin co tinh chu ky.

a. Tinh chu ky cua s phat trin:

T mt im xut phat (A) qua mt s ln phu inh bin chng (B(n)) s vt dng nh lp lai im xut phat (A) nhng trn c s cao hn.

A B(n) A

- S phu inh bin chng ln th nht (B) la bc trung gian trong s phat trin. Trinh mi cua (A) phai qua (B) ma c thc hin ch khng phai (B) la giai oan cao hn (A).

- S phu inh bin chng ln th hai (A) la phu inh cua phu inh.

- (A) la giai oan kt thuc cua mt chu ky phat trin ng thi lai la im xut phat cua mt chu ky phat trin mi.

- hoan thanh mt chu ky phat trin, s vt hin tng phai trai qua it nht hai ln phu inh bin chng.

b. Hinh thc va khuynh hng cua s phat trin:

Quy lut phu inh cua phu inh khai quat tinh tt yu tin ln cua s vn ng cua s vt va hin tng. S phat trin i ln o khng din ra theo con ng thng ma theo ng xoay c.

Lnin vit: Mt s phat trin hinh nh din lai nhng giai oan a qua nhng di mt hinh thc khac mt trinh cao hn (phu inh cua phu inh), mt s phat trin co th noi la theo ng xoay c ch khng theo ng thng (Lnin toan tp, T.26, Nxb Tin b, Maatsxcva, 1981, tr.65).

- ng xoay c biu hin cac mt cua qua trinh phat trin bin chng: tinh k tha, tinh lp lai, tinh tin ln cua s vn ng.

- ng xoay c th hin tinh phc tap trong qua trinh bin i, phu inh cua s vt. Mi vong mi cua ng xoay c th hin tinh v tn cua s phat trin t thp n cao.

3. Y nghia phng phap lun:

- Quy lut phu inh cua phu inh giup ta hiu rng qua trinh phat trin khng din ra theo ng thng ma rt quanh co, phc tap, phai trai qua nhiu ln phu inh bin chng, nhiu khu trung gian.

- La c s ly lun hiu v s ra i cua cai mi: trong thc tin xa hi, cac qua trinh din ra phc tap, nhng cai cu nht inh se mt i, cai mi nht inh se xut hin. Cai mi ra i trn c s k tha nhng yu t tich cc cua cai cu. Phai bit phat hin cai mi, duy tri va phat trin cai mi.

- Phai co cach nhin bin chng khi ph phan cai cu, k tha nhng yu t hp ly cua cai cu. Tranh nhin n gian trong vic nhn thc cac s vt, hin tng, c bit la cac hin tng xa hi. Cn chng lai hai khuynh hng: k tha khng chon loc hoc phu inh sach trn.