Phenomenological Phenomenological PerspectivePerspective

Humanistic/ExistenHumanistic/Existentialtial

Basic principlesBasic principles

Subjective experienceSubjective experience Personality: process not productPersonality: process not product Here and Now focus (ongoing Here and Now focus (ongoing

experiencing)experiencing) Free Will and Responsibilty vs. Free Will and Responsibilty vs.

DeterminismDeterminism Search for meaning (Frankel)Search for meaning (Frankel)

Fundamental ConstructsFundamental Constructs

The SelfThe Self Personal ConstructsPersonal Constructs Self-actualizationSelf-actualization

Prior influencesPrior influences

Allport: individual uniqueness, Allport: individual uniqueness, present, the selfpresent, the self

Lewin: “lifespace”, present, fluid Lewin: “lifespace”, present, fluid realityreality

behavior = f (Person X behavior = f (Person X Environment)Environment)

Rogers Rogers

The SelfThe Self Human nature is innately positiveHuman nature is innately positive OVP (actualizing tendency)OVP (actualizing tendency) Necesssary conditions:Necesssary conditions:

Acceptance, Empathy, Unconditional Acceptance, Empathy, Unconditional Positive RegardPositive Regard

Conditions of worth Conditions of worth (Incongruence)(Incongruence)

MaslowMaslow

Heirarchy of NeedsHeirarchy of Needs Self-actualizationSelf-actualization

Heirarchy of NeedsHeirarchy of Needs

Kelly Kelly

Personal ConstructsPersonal Constructs constructive alternativismconstructive alternativism convenienceconvenience

Assessment Assessment

Q-SortQ-Sort Semantic DifferentialSemantic Differential REP TestREP Test

Positive Psychology Positive Psychology

emphasis on strength and emphasis on strength and resilienceresilience

striving for happinessstriving for happiness

Contributions and Contributions and Limitations Limitations

focus on subjective experiencefocus on subjective experience focus on free will & responsibilityfocus on free will & responsibility focus on present (be here now)focus on present (be here now) focus on whole & healthy person focus on whole & healthy person

(positive)(positive)

difficult to operationalizedifficult to operationalize what about pathology and even “evil”what about pathology and even “evil” neglect of history and pastneglect of history and past bias of self-deceptionbias of self-deception