BN NH GI HON THNH CNG VIC

I. Bn phn cng :

1. Son cng : Ngc nh (nhm trng), Quyn b sung.

2. Tm ti liu : C nhm

3. Vit bi :

Phn I: Ngc nh

Phn II: Ngc nh v Thy Linh

Phn III: 1 2 : Vn Vng v Thy Linh

3. Cm Quyn v Ngc Hnh

Phn IV: C nhm

4. Tng hp ni dung v chnh sa : Ngc nh v Thy Linh

II. nh gi mc hon thnh :

- Cc thnh vin u tham gia y cc bui tho lun nhm, a ra kin c nhn.

- Han thnh ng tin v c tinh thn trch nhim cao.

- Bi vit c tm ti v u t, trn c s trao i v bn bc gia cc thnh vin.

III. Kt lun :

Cc bn trong nhm u lm tt vai tr ca mnh i vi phn c phn cng v ng gp cho bi vit chung ca nhm trn tinh thn v trch nhim cao.

Ngi lp

Nguyn Th Ngc nh

Danh sch nhm lp NH7 k34: 1. Nguyn Th Ngc nh02

2. Nguyn Th Ngc Hnh09

3. Nguyn Thy Linh17

4. T Cm Quyn28

5. L Vn Vng44MC LC

LI M Utrang 3I. KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM PHI NHN THtrang 4

1. nh ngha trang 42. Phn loi cc nghip v bo him phi nhn thtrang 43. Tnh c trng ring ca bo him phi nhn thtrang 5II. TNG QUAN TH TRNG BO HIM PHI NHN TH VIT NAM T NM 2008 N NAYtrang 5III. TRC LI BO HIM PHI NHN THtrang 7

1. Nhn din hnh vi trc litrang 72. Trch nhim php l i vi hnh vi trc litrang 113. Cng tc phng chng trc li ti cc DNBH Vit Namtrang 12

4. Gii thiu bin php phng chng trc li i vi BH xe c gii trang 14IV. GII PHP XUT CA NHM V PHNG CHNG TRC LI BO HIM PHI NHN THtrang 16

NGUN TI LIU THAM KHOtrang 19

Tng s trang ni dung : 15 trangLI M U

Th trng bo him ni chung v bo him phi nhn th Vit Nam ni ring c nh gi l giu tim nng. Hin nay, vi s c mt ca gn 30 cng ty Bo him phi nhn th gip khch hng c c hi tip cn cc sn phm dch v ngy cng tt hn.

Cng vi nhng kh khn, thch thc nh lm pht tng cao lm gia tng chi ph bi thng cho cc doanh nghip bo him, cnh tranh khng lnh mnh, gia tng chi ph khai thc dch v. Th trng bo him cng pht trin th cc hnh thc trc li bo him cng ngy cng a dng hn, th on trc li bo him cng tinh vi hn theo thi gian v s tin gian ln trc li bo him cng ngy cng nhiu hn.

y l vn din ra Vit Nam t rt lu nhng thi gian gn y c xu hng gia tng nhiu hn. Trc li bo him xy ra s khin cc doanh nghip bo him khng nhng phi chu thit hi ln v ti chnh m cn b nh hng nghim trng v uy tn, thng hiu v hnh nh.

Trc tnh , cc doanh nghip bo him Vit Nam ang c gng tm mi cch phng chng cc hot ng trc li trong lnh vc phi nhn th, l lnh vc m thi gian gn y gnh chu nhiu tn tht v thiu cc bin php khc phc. Nhn thc c tm quan trng ca ti Phng chng trc li bo him phi nhn th, nhm c gng tm hiu, so snh, nh gi v nu ln mt s gii php mang tnh cp thit v kh thi i vi cc doanh nghip bo him phi nhn th cng nh cc c quan ch qun.

Do cn c s hn ch v kin thc cng nh ngun ti liu lin quan, nhm khng trnh khi cn nhiu sai st trong qu trnh thc kin ti. Mong nhn c s ng gp kin ca thy v cc bn nhm han thin bi vit hn.

TP.HCM, ngy 12 thng 09 nm 2011

I. KHI QUT CHUNG V BO HIM PHI NHN TH 1. NH NGHA : Theo Lut kinh doanh Bo him s 24/2000/QH10 : Kinh doanh bo him l hot ng ca doanh nghip bo him nhm mc ch sinh li, theo doanh nghip bo him chp nhn ri ro ca ngi c bo him, trn c s bn mua bo him ng ph bo him doanh nghip bo him tr tin bo him cho ngi th hng hoc bi thng cho ngi c bo him khi xy ra s kin bo him.

Bo him nhn th l loi nghip v bo him cho trng hp ngi c bo him sng hoc cht.Bo him phi nhn th l loi nghip v bo him ti sn, trch nhim dn s v cc nghip v bo him khc khng thuc bo him nhn th.

2. PHN LOI CC NGHIP V BO HIM PHI NHN TH:

a. Theo i tng bo him: Chia thnh ba nhm Bo him ti sn: L loi hnh bo him m i tng c bo him l ti sn (c nh hay lu ng) ca ngi c bo him.

V d, bo him cho thit hi vt cht xe c gii, hng ho xut nhp khu,

Bo him trch nhim dn s: L loi hnh bo him m i tng c bo him l trch nhim dn s ca ngi c bo him i vi ngi th ba theo lut dnh.

V d, BHTNDS ch xe c gii, ch lao ng, BHTN cng cng.

Bo him con ngi phi nhn th: L loi hnh bo him c i tng bo him l sinh mng, sc kho, kh nng lao ng ca con ngi. y l loi hnh bo him ch lin quan n ri ro nh : bnh tt, tai nn, mt kh nng lao ng v c t vong.

V d, bo him tai nn 24/24, tai nn hnh khch, bo him khch du lch

b. Theo tnh cht bt buc: Bo him phi nhn th bt buc: L nhng loi bo him m php lut c qui nh v ngha v tham gia bo him ca cc t chc, c nhn c mi quan h nht nh vi loi i tng bt buc phi c bo him. Bo him bt buc ch p dng vi mt s loi bo him nhm mc ch bo v li ch cng cng v an ton x hi.Bo him phi nhn th t nguyn: L loi hnh bo him m ngi tham gia bo him c ton quyn la chn theo nhu cu v mun ca bn thn, hp ng bo him c k kt trn c s t nguyn gia ngi bo him v ngi tham gia bo him.3. TNH C TRNG RING CA BO HIM PHI NHN TH:a. Mc ch bo him : Nhm p ng cc qui nh v bo him bt buc ca lut php, cc tp qun, cc iu kin cn thit cho hot ng sn xut kinh doanh, hot ng ngh nghip, v cc thng l quc t. y l mc ch c coi l mt c trng rt ring ca nghip v bo him phi nhn th.b. S chnh lch v gi tr gia cc dch v bo him phi nhn th : Phng php ng bo him v nht l ti bo him c khai thc ti a trong bo him phi nhn th. S pht trin rt mnh v qui m, trnh cng ngh bo him ca th trng ti bo him phi nhn th phn no l mt h qu tt yu ca s a dng v nhu cu bo him trong bo him phi nhn th.

c. Mc rng buc v cc cam kt trong hp ng bo him : Bn mua bo him c ngha v theo ui n cng, ngoi tr l do ri vo cc tnh hung phi chm dt hp ng bo him theo qui nh ca php lut.d. p dng k thut phn chia: Thi hn cc hp ng bo him phi nhn th ngn v c s khc nhau r rt gia cc nghip v bo him. Thng thng thi hn bo him ca cc hp ng bo him thng nm gn trong mt nm ti chnh hoc ko di qua 2 nm ti chnh lin tip. iu ng lu : trch nhim bi thng (hoc tr tin bo him) ca DNBH vn c th pht sinh sau thi im kt thc thi hn bo him. Trong khi , ph bo him c th thu mt ln ton b khi giao kt hp ng bo him hoc vi k trong thi hn bo him. V th, vic qun l ti chnh thu chi cc nghip v phi p dng k thut phn chia. II. TNG QUAN TH TRNG BO HIM PHI NHN TH VIT NAM T NM 2008 N NAY:K t ngy 1/1/2008, thc hin cam kt khi gia nhp WTO trong lnh vc kinh doanh bo him, trn th trng khng c s phn bit gia doanh nghip c vn u t nc ngoi v doanh nghip trong nc. Nm 2008, th trng bo him phi nhn th c thm 5 doanh nghip mi: CTCP Bo him hng khng (VNI), CTCP Bo him Hng Vng (HVI), CT Bo him Fubon, CT Bo him SHB-Vinacomin (SVIC), CT Bo him Mitsui Sumitomo. Tng s doanh nghip Bo him phi nhn th ln ti 27 cng ty. Tnh hnh cnh tranh thng qua hnh thc gim ph, h mc khu tr, m rng iu kin bo him vn khng c du hiu gim bt, c bit l cc nghip v BH hng ha xut nhp khu, chy xy dng-lp t, xe c gii.

Trn ma l lch s ti H Ni u thng 11 nm 2008 lm thit hi nng n cho ngnh bo him. S tin bi thng cho cc tn tht v ti sn (ch yu l t) c tnh ln ti 70-80 t VN.Tnh n cui nm 2009, th trng bo him phi nhn th c 28 doanh nghip, trong 1 cng ty c thnh lp trong nm l CTCP Bo him Thi Sn. Do nhng kh khn chung ca nn kinh t nm 2009, tc tng trng ca th trng phi nhn th c thp hn nm trc nhng vn mc tng i n nh l 21% so vi nm 2008.

Tnh hnh tn tht trong nm 2009 tip tc din bin theo chiu hng xu hn, c bit l i vi cc nghip v BH ti sn, k thut, thn tu. Bo him ti sn ghi nhn mt nm c t l tn tht xu nht trong thi gian gn y vi nhiu v chy ln nh: nh my giy New Toyo, kho Hoa Vit, kho c ph cng ty Thi Hoa Lm,.Bo him k thut cng xy ra nhiu v tn tht ln nh: nh my lc du Dung Qut, cc d n thy in Hui Qung, cng Posco Nng,.. do tnh trng tch t ri ro sau mt thi gian di pht trin nng.

c bit nm 2009 cng l nm m tnh hnh thin tai bo l din ra ht sc phc tp, trong 2 cn bo gy thit hi nng n nht cho ngnh bo him l bo s 9-Ketsana (cui thng 9) v bo s 11-Miranae (cui thng 10).

Vn thanh ton bng ngoi t gp kh khn do chnh lch gia t gi cng b ca ngn hng (thng l t gi tnh ph) v t gi mua bn thc t trn th trng. Ngun cung ngoi t thanh ton ph ti bo him hoc bi thng bo him vn rt hn ch.Nm 2010, mt thay i ng ghi nhn trn th trng l cc doanh nghip bt chy theo tng trng doanh thu m tp trung vo hiu qu kinh doanh, thn trng hn trong nhn bo him v nh gi ri ro. C quan qun l nh nc tng cng cc hot ng kim tra, gim st v pht hin x l nhiu trng hp. Mt s doanh nghip c tc tng trng cao nh PTI 42%, PVI 23.1%, Bo Vit 19.2%, Bo Minh 17.7%. Cc nghip v bo him vn duy tr c tc tng trng tng i cao l BH ti sn 25%, BH du kh 25%.S pht trin nhanh chng v s lng doanh nghip dn n ngun nhn lc vn thiu ht ngy cng tr nn khan him. Chi ph khai thc v bi thng tng cao, dn n hiu qu kinh doanh nghip v thp. V tnh hnh tn tht, Bo him ti sn trong nm 2010 tip tc gnh chu nhiu tn tht ln: chy nh my dt Samil (3,2 triu USD), chy cng ty in lc Hi Phng (16 t VN)Tn tht hng ha c gim trong nm, nhng tn tht thn tu vn rt xu: ch trong 2 thng cui nm c 8 v tn tht ln, trong c 4 v c bit ln.

Trong nm 2010, nhng trn ma l lch s ti min Trung trong thng 10 cng gy thit hi ht sc nng n, xut hin nhng khiu ni bo him ln nh thit hi ti nh my thy in H H (c 12 t VN), khu ngh mt ng Thin ng (c thit hi 29 t VN).

III. TRC LI BO HIM PHI NHN TH1. NHN DIN HNH VI TRC LI:

a. nh ngha:

Trc li bo him l hnh ng phm php ca bt c ngi no bit v c nh trc li, nhm mc ch chim ot cc ti sn khc, hoc hnh ng tip tay, m mu trc li, hoc xi gic ngi khc trc li, Trc li bo him phi nhn th l hnh vi c gian di, la o c th c ch ngay t khi tham gia bo him hoc pht sinh sau khi xy ra ri ro nhm chim ot mt s tin t doanh nghip bo him m ng l ra h khng c hng.

Cc hnh thc trc li bo himc th tm tt di 3 dng: Trc li bi thng

Trc li ph bo him

Trc li ca nh cung cp dch v.

Mi nghip v bo him c trin khai u c nhng hnh vi trc li i vi mi nghip v bo him , trc li bo him i vi mi nghip v khc nhau cng c nt khc nhau. Tuy nhin, cc hnh thc trc li bo him tp trung vo:

Hp l ha ngy v hiu lc bo him.

Thay i tnh tit v n.

To hin trng gi, thay i i tng bo him.

Khai tng s tin tn tht.

Lp h s khiu ni nhiu ln.

C gy tai nn.

Trc li thng qua bo him trng.

Gian ln i vi ngi th ba.

C khng cung cp thng tin, cung cp thng tin sai s tht hoc khai bo khng trung thc cc thng tin lin quan n tnh trng sc khe ca bn thn trong h s yu cu bo him hoc h s yu cu tr tin bo him.i tng tham gia trc li: Ngi ngoi Cng ty: Ngi c bo him, ngi th hng, nh cung cp dch v, cc nh qun l, bn th ba. Bn mua bo him, ngi c bo him, ngi th hng v ngi cung cp dch v thng nht tng mc yu cu bi thng. Bn mua bo him cu kt vi cc i l hoc cn b ca cng ty bo him cung cp thng tin sai lch v ngi c bo him, i tng c bo him v cc khiu ni i bi thng.

Ni b Cng ty (Cn b ca Cng ty bo him, i l bo him): Np hoc chp nhn cc hp ng o; Chim ot ph bo him (khng np cho doanh nghip); Chp nhn cc iu kin khiu ni bi thng o v chim ot s tin bi thng, s tin bo him d kin tr cho khch hng; C nhng quan h bt chnh vi nh cung cp dch v nh t vn, cc mi quan h c th dn n cc mu thun v li ch.

b. Thc trng trc li bo him phi nhn th ti Vit Nam:

C th ni rng, hin tng trc li, gian ln bo him l mt vn nhc nhi i vi cc doanh nghip bo him (DNBH). Nhiu DNBH phi b ra kh nhiu tin khc phc vn trc li bo him, song s v gian ln vn tng theo thi gian v hnh thc, th on ngy cng tinh vi. Trc li bo him din ra hu ht cc nghip v bo him v bt c nc no trin khai bo him thng mi. VitNamcng nh cc nc khc trn th gii, trc li bo him din ra c trong lnh vc bo him nhn th v phi nhn th. Sau hn 10 nm chnh thc c php l ha (Lut kinh doanh bo him chnh thc c ban hnh), hot ng kinh doanh bo him ti Vit Nam t c tc tng trng nhanh

Bn cnh , do s pht trin ca nn kinh t - x hi ni chung cng nh ca ngnh bo him ni ring, nhu cu bo him ngy cng a dng, phong ph. Mc d Lut Kinh doanh bo him v cc vn bn hng dn thi hnh cng c mt s quy nh c th, c bit l i vi mt s khu d pht sinh trc li, ng thi cng quy nh v cc ch ti x l i vi cc hnh vi vi phm theo Ngh nh 118/2003/N-CP v quy nh x pht hnh chnh i vi hot ng kinh doanh bo him. Song, thi gian qua trn th trng cng xut hin tnh trng mt s i tng li dng cc khe h ca php lut v thc tin kinh doanh ca cc DNBH trong xt nhn, bi thng bo him v gii quyt cc khiu ni bo him nhm thu li bt chnh, gy thit hi v vt cht, uy tn cho cc DNBH, xm phm n quyn v li ch chnh ng ca ngi tham gia bo him, ng thi nh hng n s pht trin bn vng ca th trng bo him.

Theo s liu thng k s b ca 8 DNBH (6 DNBH PNT Bo Vit, PVI, PJICO, ABIC, MIC, PTI v 2 DNBH NT Prudential, Dai-Ichi) th my nm gn dy s lng trc li din ra ngy cng nhiu, quy m ngy cng tng, s tin ngy cng ln v tnh trng trc li din ra ch yu nghip v bo him xe c gii (trong bo him Phi nhn th) v bo him hn hp, bo him h tr vin ph v phu thut (trong bo him Nhn th), c th nh bng sau:Bng s liu v tnh hnh trc li bo him VN giai on 2007 -2009:

Lnh vcNm 2007Nm 2008Nm 2009

S v pht hinS tin (Tr.)S v pht hinS tin (Tr.)S v pht hinS tin (Tr.)

PNT8.09575.40010.688257.9888.77586.792

NT1.20724.2934.11474.2965.932145.935

Tng9.30299.69314.802332.28414.707232.727

Theo Bn tin th trng bo him ton cu

c. Nguyn nhn v c ch trc li bo him:

Do nhng quy nh ca php lut cn cha tht s cht ch, tnh rn e cha cao v thc hin pht lut cha nghim, thiu s kim tra, kim sot v x l, nn nhiu ngi tham gia bo him ny sinh hnh vi gian ln, c tnh khai khng ng s tht hoc c lm h hi ti sn bo him nhm thu li t bi thng bo him hoc c tnh thay i hin trng theo hng c li cho mnh (thng din ra trong bo him ti sn). Khi xy ra s c v ti sn m nguyn nhn li khng thuc iu kin bo him, h thng c khuynh hng khai sai s tht v nguyn nhn thc s c bi thng, hoc c tnh nh m tu thuyn, lm h hi nhng ti sn khc nhn bi thng bo him.

V d cch y khng lu, mt ch tu sau khi t nh m tu bo DNBH H Ni n gim nh bi thng. Tuy nhin, ngay khi c mt ti hin trng, cn b ca DNBH ny t ra nghi vn: trong iu kin thi tit bnh thng, khng trng ti, v sao con tu li m? Sau khi lp bin bn v vic, DNBH trn nh cng an iu tra vo cuc. Trong khi thuyn trng khai rng, vo thi im con tu m, v ny vn ang iu khin con tu, th c quan cng an li chng minh c anh ta ang ni khc v thc hin nhiu c in thoi. Mi vic b lt ty, pha khch hng phi tha nhn vic lm gian di ca mnh.

Do s thng ng gia nhng ngi tham gia bo him vi bn th ba c lin quan nh: y s, bc s, nhng ngi lm chng trong cc v tn tht khai tng thm ch l khai khng gi tr thit hi. y l tnh hung kh ph bin trong bo him xe c gii, bo him tai nn, bo him t vong phi nhn th. Nh quan h qun bit hoc tha thun n chia m bn th ba khi a ra kt lun v gi tr thit hi hay nguyn nhn tai nn, c tnh cung cp thng tin sai s tht c li cho ngi tham gia bo him.

V d nh bc s khi kt lun v thng tt do tai nn c tnh nng t l thng tt. Hay cc c s sa cha khi lm bo gi cho xe b tai nn c tnh khai khng h hi hoc khai tng gi tr thit hi nhm gia tng s tin nhn c t DNBH. Gn y tnh trng cc garage t bt tay khch hng nhm a gi sa cha ln cao ang lm vn lm au u cc DNBH.

Do li v tnh hay c ca cc nhn vin bo him: h c th v tnh ghi sai ngy tham gia bo him trn giy chng nhn bo him hoc do thiu trch nhim nn khng nh gi ng c mc trm trng ca ri ro. V nghim trng nht l tnh hung bn mua bo him cu kt vi cc i l bo him, cc nhn vin ca doanh nghip bo him trc li. Kh ph bin l khch hng mua bo him cho ti sn sau khi xy ra tai nn. Bn i l hoc nhn vin DNBH s gip khch hng lm gi nhng chng t cn thit, hoc li thi im mua bo him v trc thi im xy ra tai nn khch hng nhn c tin bo him.

V d V vic xy ra vo thng 11/2002, l hng ca Cng ty Sng Tin b chy trn ng vn chuyn t cng TP.HCM n cngHamburg(c). Vi gi sau khi xy ra s c, Phan Hng Thu ch o Trn Vn Tr (nhn vin cng ty Sng Tin) i mua bo him ti Chi nhnh PJICO TP.HCM. Nguyn Th Bch Hp l ngi tip nhn h s ca Tr. Ngy 26/11/2002, khi tr v Vit Nam sau chuyn cng tc, Phan Hng Thu k cng vn yu cu PJICO tr tin bo him cho l hng b tn tht.

Bit nh trc li ca Thu, Trn Ngha Vinh (Tng Gim c PJICO) v H Mnh Qun (Ph Tng Gim c) tha thun s thanh ton 3,8 t ng bo him cho l hng vi iu kin s c "li qu" mt na s ny. C th, Thu "c hnh vi a hi l 1,9 t ng cho Vinh v Qun l tin Thu chim ot ca PJICO ".

Qua c th thy ngi ng u cng ty sng Tin c tnh to chng t gi, sau i bi thng t DNBH. y l hnh vi tri vi quy nh ca php lut v theo iu 23 lut Kinh doanh bo him th y l mt hp ng v hiu. Tuy nhin, khi pht hin ra vic ny, ng Vinh v ng Qun khng nhng khng t gic m cn ch ng tip tay thm ch l cn e da i li qu. Di s ch o ca hai ng Vinh, Qun v mt s nhn vin khc, h s gim nh thit hi ca l hng c bi thng vi gi tr ln ti 3,8 t VN. Hai ng Vinh, Qun cng b ti 1,9 t. Nh vy, v tin m cc i tng Thu, Vinh, Qun cng nhau bt tay dn xp bin mt tai nn chy tr thnh mt tai nn c bo him bi thng vi mt gi tr rt ln.

Do h thng qun tr, iu hnh, thit ch, bn sn phm, bi thng ca doanh nghip bo him cha tt; Do mt s i l, cn b thiu o c ngh nghip hoc do yu km v nng lc chuyn mn khi xt nhn bo him v gii quyt bi thng bo him;

Nhn thc ca mt s ngi v php lut cn yu km, nht l nhng vn bn php quy v bo him, nhn thc rt m h v bo him v cho rng qu bo him cng ging nh qu phc li. Cho nn c nhiu trng hp ni sai s tht gip nn nhn nhn c quyn li bo him,

Kh khn v a l: i vi nhng v tn tht xy ra xa, hoang vng, t ngi qua li (trong bo him xe c gii, tu thuyn,) vic gi nguyn hin trng l rt kh do vy s thay i tnh tit hin trng c li cho ngi tham gia bo him d xy ra.

Hn ch trong cng tc trao i thng tin th trng: Th trng bo him lun si ng, phc tp, tnh hnh cnh tranh ngy cng khc lit nn cc doanh nghip lun gi b mt thng tin. V vy, mt i tng ti sn no c th tham gia bo him nhiu doanh nghip bo him v khi tn tht xy ra h nhn c tin bi thng tt c cc cng ty bo him.

i khi cn do doanh nghip khng mun ko di s vic lm nh hng n hnh nh ca DN nn chp nhn bi thng cho m xui s vic, mc d vn bit c nhng du hiu trc li.

d. Hu qu ca trc li bo him:i vi DNBH, hu qu c th tnh ton c do hnh vi trc li l lm gim li nhun v hiu qu kinh doanh, nhng hu qu nghim trng khng th o lng c y chnh l hnh nh l uy tn ca doanh nghip.

i vi khch hng l nhng ngi trung thc s b thit thi v quyn li. Bi v, ph bo him m h phi np dng chi tr cho c nhng khon tin gian ln khng c pht hin ra.

i vi x hi: Gian ln v bo him l mt nguy c v o c, lm tha ho, bin cht cn b, lm cho mi trng kinh doanh thiu lnh mnh v thiu cng bng.

2.TRCH NHIM PHP L I VI HNH VI TRC LI:

Trc li hay gian ln bo him l hnh vi vi phm php lut. Do , tu theo tnh cht, mc vi phm m ngi thc hin hnh vi vi phm c th b truy cu trch nhim hnh s, hoc b x pht vi phm hnh chnh.Hin nay theo quy nh ti iu 15 Ngh nh 118/2003/N-CP v quy nh x pht hnh chnh i vi hot ng kinh doanh bo him, t chc, cc nhn c hnh vi trc li bo him th mc x pht c quy nh c th nh sau:

1. Cnh co hoc pht tin t 1.000.000 ng n 5.000.000 ng i vi c nhn, t chc c hnh vi trc li nhn tin bi thng, tin bo him.2. Pht tin t 2.000.000 ng n 10.000.000 ng i vi cn b, nhn vin ca doanh nghip bo him, i l bo him hay doanh nghip mi gii bo him c mt trong nhng hnh vi sau y:a) Yu cu ngi th hng quyn li bo him tr th lao, hay cc quyn li vt cht khc tri php Lut trong qu trnh gii quyt bi thng, tr tin bo him;

b) ng lo vi ngi th hng quyn li bo him gii quyt bi thng bo him, tr tin bo him tri php Lut .3. p dng cc bin php khc phc hu qu:

Buc khi phc li tnh trng ban u b thay i do cc hnh vi vi phm hnh chnh gy ra c quy nh ti khon 1 v khon 2 iu ny.

Nh vy c th thy hin nay vic x pht i vi hnh vi trc li bo him ni chung v trc li bo him phi nhn th ni ring mi ch dng li x pht hng chnh, trong khi nhiu quc gia trn th gii hnh vi ny s b quy kt l ti phm hnh s v x theo lut hnh s. y chnh l mt trong nhng yu t lm cho cc i tng tham gia trc li bo him khai thc.

3. CNG TC PHNG CHNG TRC LI TI CC DNBH VIT NAM:a. Cng ty bo him AAA :

Trc vn nn v trc li bo him ang ngy cng tinh vi v a dng, CTCP Bo him AAA thnh lp mt Phng iu tra c chc nng iu tra khm ph cc v trc li, tiu ph bo him.

y l mt lc lng chuyn trch vi i ng l nhng ngi c chuyn mn v iu tra c o to t ngnh cng an, i ng ny cn tham gia hc nghip v lut s tng cng k nng tham gia tranh tng trong cc v trc li phc tp bt c d phi a nhau ra ta.

Phng iu tra s thnh cng ty cung cp cho th trng 2 mng dch v chuyn su : dch v iu tra chng trc li bo him v dch v i quyn li bo him. Trong cng tc gim nh - bi thng bo him lun tn ti 2 nhu cu: nhu cu chng trc li t pha nhng doanh nghip bo him v nhu cu i quyn li bo him chnh ng t pha cc bo vin.

Hot ng ca loi dch v ny c th hnh dung n gin nh sau. Mt khch hng Y tham gia bo him cng ty bo him X khng may b ri ro tai nn. Qu trnh gii quyt khiu ni bi thng, khch hng Y b cng ty X bi thng khng ng, quyn li ng ra h c hng. H s s dng dch v i quyn li bo him. Dch v ny i c quyn li cho khch hng Y mt cch tha ng. Ngc li, mt doanh nghip bo him gp mt v trc li bo him, h s tm n dch v i quyn li bo him gii quyt. b. Tng cng ty bo him Bo Vit :

Mt trong s im yu to c hi cho ngi tham gia bo him trc li l s thiu hiu bit v kin thc v thng tin ca nhn vin bo him, c bit l i vi cc nhn vin gim nh k thut. Tng cng ty bo him Bo Vit t chc kha o to nng cao v k thut xe t cho 41 gim nh vin c chn lc t 66 Cng ty Bo Vit thnh vin.

Nhng lp tp hun c t chc nh th ny ht sc cn thit bi qua kha hc ngoi nhng kin thc c bn, nng cao c truyn t, mt kin thc c bn l ngi gim nh vin c th nm bt c gi c sa cha xe t khi c s kin xy ra, trnh tnh trng hin ti phn ln gi sa cha l do xng sa cha quyt nh. y cng l vn cha doanh nghip bo him no trn th trng bo him phi nhn th hin nay lm c ngoi Bo Him Bo Vit. Qua y, cc gim nh vin thuc cc Cng ty Bo Vit thnh vin cng c iu kin trao i, nng cao thc trch nhim trong s hp tc, phi hp h tr gii quyt tai nn gia cc n v trong ton h thng ca Bo Him Bo Vit.

Qua cc trao i ti kha hc, trong khi nhiu doanh nghip bo him phi nhn th trn th trng ang lung tng trong vic cnh tranh v m rng iu khon, h ph, m bn thn h phi gnh chu tn tht, th Bo Vit chn cho mnh li i ring, l tp trung vng vng v chuyn mn k thut, gip cng tc nh gi thit hi c chnh xc, khch quan, gim bt thi gian ln phng n sa cha, nhanh chng t c s thng nht vi ch xe, ch xng sa cha, hn ch trc li bo him do thiu hiu bit v k thut. Trn thc t, c ti 2/3 s tin bi thng trong nghip v bo him xe c gii l thit hi i vi xe t. Trong s tin c coi b tht thot nhiu nht l khu: ln phng n, gi c sa cha; bo him di gi tr th c Bo Him Bo Vit x l.

c. Tng cng ty c phn Bo Minh :

Cng nh cng ty Bo him AAA, thng 11-2008, Tng cng ty bo him Bo Minh thnh lp Ban bi thng trc thuc lnh o tng cng ty. Gim c ban bi thng Nguyn Th Loan cho bit, c nhiu hnh vi trc li bo him nn phi thnh lp Ban bi thng chuyn trch xc minh nhng trng hp c biu hin r gi mo, sai lch nhm trc li, kin quyt ngn chn cc hnh vi gian ln, chn chnh cng tc bi thng, xy dng, thc hin cc gii php, quy trnh phng nga hnh vi trc li trong bo him phi nhn th.

d. Cng ty Bo him Liberty:L mt doanh nghip Bo him nc ngoi, Liberty cng nh cc doanh nghip bo him khc cng ang rt au u v h thng cng ngh thng tin cha p ng c nhu cu qun l, khai thc, gim nh bi thng, nh gi ri ro, hch ton, tnh ph. Theo Hip hi Bo him Vit Nam, nhiu DN cha xy dng c c s d liu phn mm qun l bo him nn vic sa i ph bo him, iu kin iu khon bo him giao kt bo him kh qun l c cht chy cng l k h vn trc li bo him pht sinh.Ngoi ra, vic thiu s liu thng k cng l mt th thch khng nh i vi cc cng ty bo him, c bit l cc DN nc ngoi. Theo ng Carlos Vanegas_Tng gim c cng ty bo him Liberty, M, mi s liu v khch hng u c thng k y , v d nh lch s li xe, s ln va qut, cc loi xe, i xe khch hng s hu Trong khi , ti Vit Nam khng th tm ra c s d liu ny c th tnh ph bo him mt cch chnh xc nht.Liberty quyt nh u t mnh m vo cc phn mm qun l thng tin tch hp v xy dng mt c s d liu khch hng ton din, c th tnh ph bo him mt cch cng bng cho khch hng, ng thi c li cho DN. Hin nay, Liberty c kh nng tnh ph bo him cho tng khch hng da trn mc tn tht ca h trong qu kh.

4. GII THIU BIN PHP PHNG CHNG TRC LI BO HIM XE C GII:

Nghip v bo him xe c gii l mt trong nhng nghip v b trc li nhiu nht, tinh vi nht hin nay, v sau y nhm xin trnh by mt quy trnh iu tra v chng trc li bo him xe c gii c p dng chung mt s doanh nghip bo him.

a. Hp l ha ngy tai nn v hiu lc bo him: Ghi li ngy tai nn khng ng thc t vi ngy xy ra tai nn. Kim tra giy chng nhn bo him xem c hp l khng.

Xc minh hin trng: xem xt du vt trn a bn v ni xy ra tai nn c ph hp vi li khai ca li xe, ch xe hay khng

Xc minh da trn li khai ca nhn chng, ngi dn xung quanh ni xy ra tai nn

Xc minh cc i tng lin quan trong tai nn: ngi trn xe b thng n mc no, ngi th ba b thit hi

Xc minh li hnh trnh ca xa: ngy i, cc im dng xe, dng bc d hay ch hng u

Sau phi t cc chi tit xc minh c xem c logic v mt thi gian cng nh li khai ca ch xe hay khng a ra nhn nh cui cng.

Ghi li ngy trn giy chng nhn bo him. y l mt li ch quan, qun l ni b ca cng ty i vi ngi bn bo him nh nhn vin khai thc, i l, cng tc vin, do vy vic qun l ngi bn bo him l nhim v chnh ca cng ty hn ch vic trc li.

Phi t chc u mi qun l, theo di kim tra cc i l thng xuyn, lun nhc nh i l tun th quy trnh nghip v.

Khi c yu cu ghi li ngy bo him th nhn vin khai thc phi tm cch ghi li s xe thng bo v cng ty c bin php ngn chn trn ton tuyn.

Khi pht hin ra vic bn bo him ghi li ngy th cn b qun l phi c bin php x l ngay i vi ngi bn bo him.

b. Thay i tnh tit v n: Thay i ngi li xe c giy php vi ngi li xe gy tai nn khng c giy php hoc sa cha hiu lc ca bng li.

c k li khai ca li xe, bin bn khm nghim hin trng, h s hin trng phn tch tnh hung xy ra tai nn. i chiu bn gc ca cc loi giy t nh giy php li xe, giy php lu hnh xe. Nu pht hin c trc li th trc ht ngi c bo him khng nhn c tin bi thng, ty theo s tin i tn tht m s b truy t v ti la o chim ot ti sn.

c. To hin trng gi: a xe t ni xy ra tai nn n ni khc lp bin bn.

Bng cc nghip v iu tra cc vt tch trn hin trng xem c phi l li xe b tai hay khng

i chiu bin s xe vi s khung, s my xc nh xem xe ang nm trn hin trng c phi c tham gia bo him hay khng

Nu pht hin trc li th ngi tham gia bo him s khng c bi thng m cn b truy t ti la o chim ot ti sn

d. Khai tng s tin tn tht: Phi gim nh trc tip thit hi trong thi gian sm nht. Phi theo di thng xuyn trong qu trnh sa cha. Nhng b phn thay th, thu hi phi c qun l cht ch, trnh hin tng quay vng sa cha i tin bi thng. Hp tc tt vi xng sa cha h kin quyt chng li hnh vi trc li. C sn nhng bn bo gi c th cho tng loi thit b cho tng loi xe ca tng hng ng thi trong i ng gim nh nn c mt th my.

e. Lp h s khiu ni nhiu ln Phi tm c xe lin quan trong v tai nn xc nh c vic bi thng ca xe khc i vi ngi th ba hoc bi thng cho xe c bo him. Khi xe c ng k ti tnh khc th nht thit phi thng bo vi cng ty bo him ti tnh xe ng k v ch gii quyt bi thng khi c thng tin xc nhn ca n v bn. Nhng hnh vi trc li ny rt d pht hin nu c quan h tt vi cc cng ty bo him khc cng khai thng tin v s v tn tht bi thng.

f. C gy tai nn: T t xe, cho xe lao xung vc, dng mn kch i tin bi thng bo him. iu tra t m, ly li khai nhn chng v nhng ngi lin quan

Huy ng s gip ca cc cng ty iu tra chuyn mn

Nhiu trng hp c gian ln xut pht t vic c bo him vi gi tr cao nn vic xc nh ng gi tr thc t ca xe trc khi tham gia bo him l iu ht sc cn thit

Trong qu trnh iu tra cn m bo:

Khn trng nhanh chng khng lm nh hng n vic gii quyt tai nn. Khng cho khch hng bit k hoch iu tra v cng vic iu tra l do s nghi ng ca ngi lm bo him. Do vy, nu nghi ng sai s lm mt lng khch hng. Cn nu nghi ng ng th s khin khch hng c s chun b trc lm cho cng tc iu tra tr nn kh khn hn. Kt qu iu tra phi c ghi nhn bng bin bn c s xc nhn cn thit.IV. GII PHP XUT CA NHM V PHNG CHNG TRC LI BO HIM PHI NHN TH:V vn php l :

Cn tip tc hon thin cc quy nh php l v trc li bo him, c bit cn phi c quy nh v ti danh Trc li bo him trong B lut hnh s c th x l ng ti danh trc li bo him v ph hp vi thng l quc t.Trong lut chuyn ngnh Lut kinh doanh bo him ban hnh nm 2000 sa i b sung nm 2010 khng c mt iu khon no quy nh v hnh vi trc li bo him. Trong B lut hnh s ca chng ta cng khng c ti danh ny, ch c ti phm la o, chim ot ti sn. Vic x pht hon ton ch mang tnh hnh chnh v ch p dng theo mt iu trong Ngh nh ca Chnh ph l Ngh nh 118/2003/N-CP ban hnh nm 2003. Chnh v khung php l cn thiu cht ch nh vy cho nn vic xc nh trch nhim php l ca cc i tng lin quan cn gp rt nhiu bt li, khi xy ra kin tng cc b can thng tm cch ti cho nhau.

Cc Qun l v Gim st bo him (B Ti chnh) ang xy dng quy trnh gii quyt bi thng chung cho ton th trng, p dng cho nghip v bo him xe c gii. Hy vng, quy trnh gii quyt bi thng mi s gim thiu cc th tc hnh chnh rm r, to thun li cho khch hng, cng nh cho doanh nghip bo him. Vic chun ha quy trnh bi thng s gip DN nng cao uy tn, ng thi hn ch tnh trng trc li trong lnh vc bo him xe c gii ang din ra.

V ngn hng thng tin

Nm 2007, Hip hi Bo him a ra ngh cc doanh nghip bo him nn chia s danh sch khch hng trc li hn ch ri ro, song trc tnh hnh cnh tranh khc lit, cc n v khng hng ng do lo s b l thng tin khch hng s mt th phn, v v vy gii php ny tuy c ngha nhng li khng kh thi.

Theo kin ca nhm, xut ny c th thc hin nu c mt quy nh v quy trnh r rng v cc hot ng ca h thng thng tin ny. V pha c quan ph trch, Hip hi bo him s ng ra nh mt c quan c lp thu thp v c trch nhim bo mt thng tin khch hng ca cc DNBH thnh vin. V pha DNBH, s cung cp thng tin c bn v khch hng nh : h s c nhn, cc loi bo him mua ti doanh nghip v tiu s v vn bi thng, tranh chp (nu c), c thuc danh sch khch hng cn lu hay khng. iu kin truy cp thng tin l Hip hi bo him s thu ph mi ln truy cp (mc ph ny thng thp), mi DNBH s c m ng nhp ring v thng tin c quyn truy cp mang tnh c bn v thng tin khch hng tm hiu cng nh c thuc din khch hng cn lu hay khng.

Bn cnh , Hip hi phi a ra nhhng li ch m DNBH t c khi tham gia hot ng ny. Th nht, phn tch tc hi ca trc li bo him i vi c nhn, doanh nghip v x hi ; tn tht m DNBH phi gnh chu, ng thi nh hng n hnh nh v uy tn ca DN. Th hai, hot ng ca DNBH da trn nguyn l ly ngun ng gp ti chnh ca s ng trang tri cho s t khng may b tai nn ri ro. DNBH nh mt ngi gi qu cho cc khch hng tham gia bo him doanh nghip mnh. Doanh nghip no xy ra trc li bo him, xem nh doanh nghip khng lm trn bn phn qun l tin ph ng gp ca cc khch hng. Doanh nghip no cng trc li bo him n v mnh ti mc trm trng s c nguy c mt kh nng chi tr cho nhng trng hp tai nn ri ro thc s m doanh nghip cam kt vi cc khch hng chn chnh khi h tham gia bo him n v mnh. C ngnh bo him mt kh nng chng vi vn nn trc li bo him, t s nh hng rt ln n an ninh ti chnh ca quc gia.

Vi nhng cng ty Bo him tham gia cung cp thng tin s c u i mt s quyn li. Vd: vi vic cung cp thng tin y v trung thc, mi qu s lp ra mt nhm cc cng ty Bo him thc hin tt vn thng tin, nhng cng ty ny s c u i mt s quyn li, hoc gim ph khi tra thng tin trn h thng chung.

Vai tr ca Hip hi Bo Him :

Phi hp hot ng gia cc hi vin trong vic o to bi dng tp hun nghip v BH ch trng i ng gim nh bi thng, o to i l, cng tc vin.

T vn cho hi vin v t chc hot ng, pht trin kinh doanh cng nh gip hi vin trong vic x l nhng trng hp trc li BH v cc vn khc c lin quan.

T chc tuyn truyn hot ng bo him trong c nc ngi dn hiu hn v qu bo him dng bi thng cho nhng ngi c kh nng gp phi cng mt ri ro ch khng phi l qu phc li.

Thit lp cc mi quan h vi cc c quan, n v, t chc kinh t v cc on th c lin quan n hot ng ca hi nh: cng an, thanh tra, u t, quan h hp tc vi Hip hi bo him cc nc v tham gia cc t chc quc t theo quy nh ca Nh nc.

V pha cc doanh nghip bo him :

Trong ni b doanh nghip bo him nn tch bit ring r hot ng ca b phn kinh doanh v qun l ri ro bi thng nhm minh bch ni b, chng cu kt vi khch hng rt tin doanh nghip.

Nng cao nng lc chuyn mn, qun l u t pht trin h thng cng ngh thng tin, gim st cng tc cn b, hot ng ca i l v mi gii bo him. Nhm xut DNBH nn thng k thng tin v cc i l nh v s lng bo him bn ra, s lng bo him gp tranh chp do vn yu km v nghip v, cc i l nghi ng c hot ng cu kt vi khch hng T c bin php khc phc, phng chng v iu chnh trong vn nhn s.

p dng phng thc thanh ton qua ngn hng nhm gim bt thu chi tin mt, p dng h thng cnh bo ri ro i vi th trng bo him v th trng ti chnh nh h thng cnh bo sm EWS (early warning system)duy tr cht ch mi quan h vi khch hng, lm tt cng tc tuyn truyn chng trc li bo him.

Khng chy ua theo doanh s m tp trung vo hiu qu kinh doanh, thn trng hn trong vic nhn bo him v nh gi ri ro cht ch hn, c bit l cc doanh nghip ln. Quy trnh khai thc, gim nh, thanh ton, bi thng ngy cng ci tin.

Vic qun tr doanh nghip cng nh nh hng di hn cn u t ng mc vo pht trin qun tr ri ro, thng k tn tht v nh ph bo him.

NGUN TI LIU THAM KHO www.avi.org.vntrang web ca Hip hi bo him Vit Nam

www.aaa.com.vntrang web ca cng ty bo him AAAwww.baoviet.com.vntrang web ca cng ty bo him Bo Vit

www.baominh.com.vntrang web ca cng ty bo him Bo Minh

www.libertyinsurance.com.vntrang web ca cng ty bo him Liberty

Tp ch Th trng Bo him v Ti bo him VN cc s nm 2009, 2010, 2011Mt s bi bo t cc trang bo in t khc

Gio trnh L thuyt v thc hnh Bo him Ch bin : Nguyn Tin Hng (2007)

Phng chng trc li bo him phi nhn thPage 19