___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 1

( 09.06.2006. ), ( : ) .. . (" ", . 47/03 34/06), (" ", 60/03), (" ", 13/96) . , , . , . 2022. , 2013. . ( : ) , ( : ) - . . - (2008), a (2004) . ( , ), , , . ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 2

( , , , - , , , -) ( , ). : ; ( , , ); ; , ; (, , ); , ; , ; ; , 1:50 000. , / , , / . , , /, , . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 3

I

1.

383,46 km2 . , . ( ), ( ) , ( ) ( ). , . (658 m ..) (696 m ..), . , . - ( 165 696 ), - ( 400 ). I -4, . . , , , - . , ( ), , . , , (473 m ..) . , , . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 4

2. ,

2.1.

( , 13/96) , , , . . , . , , . , , . , . , I-IV , . , . . , , , . , , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 5

, , .

-, -- . A -- ( I "). -- , . , , . , . , , , . , , (-), , .

, , ( ) V , (VI, VII VIII ). 1686 km2 . , II, III, IV V 2010. . , , . 35,3% 1993. 39% 2010. .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 6

: , ; , (, , ); ( ) ; . e , .

:

, , , ; 97%;

, ( ); , ;

, : , ; , ; ( , );

I II , : ( ) ; ; ( ) .

, - , " " ", . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 7

(, ), 2010. . , ( I "). 400 kV -. ( III ").

, , , : ; ; . - : () ; () , ; () . , , 34 ( ). , . , , , , , . , .

, . ()

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 8

/ , . , / , - ( , , , ). , . , . -- ---- .

- (-75) - (-763) - (-761, -5 ---, - - ). (, , ). (-4) - , - , . -4 -23 ( ) . --, , . ---- --. 2010- ( ). , , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 9

, , , , .

, . . ISDN 64 kbit/s ISDN , , , . . , - , --. 2500 .

- : , , , . ( ) , , . .

, , , - . , , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 10

. , - , .

2010. - - , . .

:

() ; : () ; () , ;

: () ( ); () ; () ; () , , , ; .

, ( IV ).

2.2.

, . , - , --- , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 11

(: ) , . . . - . : ( ), . ( ) XVIII XIX , , , . . - , . , -, . , -, , . --, -- -.

2.3.

. , (=174,0 m ..) (157,5 m ..) . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 12

. - , . "- " "- ". .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 13

3. , ,

3.1.

3.1.1.

. ( ) ( ) -- . , ( 440 m ..). , , , , -. : ( 600 m ..) ( 410-420 m ..) ( 310-330 m) . ( 696 m), . ( 114 m ..) . . . 500 m .. , , . . , , , , . , . , , . , , , , , . . , ( ). 200 300 m 40% , 12% .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 14

5% ( 50%). , 10 25%. . - ( 40%). 25%, 20%. , , . . , . , . . (, ), . , . , (, ), . , . , , . , , . . ( , , , , , ) . , . , , . . . , , , . . , , , , , , , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 15

, . . , , . .

3.1.2.

3.1.2.1.

(25.438 ha) 68% . , , . (16.617 ha, . 65,3%), - (3,3% 1-2 . ., 70% 3-5 27,3% 6-8). (2790 ha, . 11%) , , 327 ha, 1147 (58% 1990). (3617 ha, .14,2%) (2086 ha, . 8,2%), , , . 2002-2004. ( , ) (15,2%, 18,7% 21,7%, ), . (96,7% ), 5422 (34,4% ), 2026 . , 75-92% , (72,2%), (16,7%), (8,4%). (2,2 ha ). , . , , . , , . , 2004.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 16

, . , . , , , , / .

3.1.2.2. ,

8905 ha, 21,2% 30%. 6743 ha, 75,7% . . . . , , 59,8% , 29,2% , 11,2%, 17,8%. 82,2% , 16,0%, 1,8%. 24 , 18 6 . 9 , (10,2%) . . . 368 ha , 151m3/ha 3,8 m3/ha. 5475 ha, 101m3/ha 4,4m3/ha. , , - . , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 17

. .

3.1.2.3.

, (), . e , , . , 4 L/s km2, 50% (5,7 L/s.km2). , , . , . , . , , . . , , . 272 L/s, , , 116 L/s. (60 L/s) (40 L/s), ( , 5 L/s). . , . . , , . . 80% . , . () () 25.000 () 8000 . (, , , ) , , , , . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 18

, , , . , , , . , . .

3.1.2.4.

. ( ). , , , . 45-50 % Fe, 12-25%. . , . , , , . , , . - . , ( ), , , . , . . , . ; . . , . , , . 50 , 50% , 38.000.000 m3.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 19

: , . . , . . . , , , . . , . . ( , ) . . . , , . : . . . , . . . . .

3.1.3.

3.1.3.1.

1948. 2002. 53,7%. 1971-1981. ( 111), , 1991-2002. ( 105,2, 103,6 ).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 20

, . (1948-2002..), 1980- , . 6 50,5%. 30%. , , . , . , , 1500-2000 : , , , . , 800-1000 , : , , , . : , , , , 1000-1500 , 400-600 , 1953-2002. , 1981-2005. , , . . . ( 39,9 ), . 70-90%, . 21. . 70% ( ). 7 1000-2000 . 8 400-800 , . , 11 ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 21

:

; : ,

, , , ;

: , , ,

: , , , ;

: , , , ;

, .

3.1.3.2.

, , , . o , , , , , , . , ( ), , 10 () 119 , - . : ,

, , Aqua Viva, . 2004. Fonda Salford, Danube Foods, , ;

, 10 PVC , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 22

, ;

, .

, ( , , , , ), . . : , ( ); , ( ); , ( , , ). ( - 60 , , , , , ). , , - , , , . , , . - . , , . (1996) 573 (279 , 156 - 138 ). , , . , , , , . , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 23

3.1.3.3.

, , 18 . , , , , . - . . - . , , ( 75% ), . ( 500 ), . , 1000 . . . - . , , . . , . / , , , . , . / (-4) , - . , , -4, . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 24

. - , . , , , , , .

3.1.3.4.

, . 35,7% , : 49,9% 22,2% , . . (13), (, ., ). , . 13 , 9 . 26% , . . , . , . 80% , . , , . . ( ) , . , . 38 , 1270 . 10 . 1200

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 25

. . . . . . , . , , , , . (, , ) . , , , , , . , 70% . , .

3.1.4.

3.1.4.1.

. : I -4, --

22,5 km; II 88,2 km, : -202 (-

---); -215 (-- ); -215. (---); -200. (--) -203. (--).

22 146,0 km. 256,7 km, 8,8% I , 34,3% II 56,9% . (-) 57% (83 km) . , , (, ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 26

), ( , , ). . : I -4

; II -215, -200 -203

;

( ), ( ).

I II . I -4 , X, . . I -22 ( ), , ( I -5). I -23, , -75, , , I -22, . II , . . , , . , , . 2006-2007. , , . . -

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 27

-, . , , .

3.1.4.2.

() 1 110/35/20/10 kV, : 110/35 kV 31,5 MVA; 110/20 kV 31,5 MVA. 1 110 kV : ; 400/110 kV 2, . 110 kV : 40-50 W 30 MVA; 30-40 W . 1 110 kV .157 , , 50 W. 1 () 35 kV, 20 kV 10 kV. 110/ 63 MVA, 35/ kV 40 MVA. 20 km ( 10 kV -3 km 20 kV-17 km). 245 km ( 10 kV -190 km, 20 kV-20 km 35 kV - 25 km ). 40% 20 kV, 60% 35 10 kV. 20 kV, 10 kV, 20 kV 10/0.4 kV ( 94370 kW) 20/0.4 kV ( 31,84 V) . 10/0,4 kV 35/10 kV , ( ) 10/0,4 kV . () 56%, 32%. . ( 40 ) () ( 400 cm3/h) .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 28

( 12 ) , ( , ). , ( 1-4 ) . je 150 km, 4500 .

3.1.4.3.

, . 12.356 11.214. 46,1 100 , , 16 100 , . , . 70 km, 40 km , 30 km . 12 ( ). () SIEMENS-EWSD . , , . ( I III) 2007. DSLAM ( ) , DSL . , . ( ), . 21 .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 29

3.1.4.4.

, . , . (6), . . .

3.1.5.

3.1.5.1.

, , , , , . ( a, ) , , , . . , : ; ; , ; . , , , (, ) . , - , . . , , , , . 2007. 1600 , 820, 70, 200 500.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 30

" 60 . . , . 500 , . , , . . , , . , , , ( - ). o , - ", ", ", .

3.1.5.2.

(, , , .) . , . , , . I II , , , , . : ; ; . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 31

, ( ) . , , , . , . , , . - . 1995-2000. .

3.1.5.3.

, , . , . . 15 , 12 . . 126 , : 52 , 35 , 4 , 2 , 10 25 .

3.1.5.4.

. , , , . , . --- -. , -

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 32

. , . 80 CS , . , 80 70 CS . . 57% , . - , a . 72 , . , , . . , . , , . . , . , , . (), , . - , , . , , , , , , , , . ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 33

, . , , , , . , .

3.1.6.

, . / 2002. . , . , , , , . , . , , . , -4. - , , , . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 34

, , , . , -4, -4 -23, , -202 , -200 -215 , .

3.2.

3.2.1.

oeja . 200 300 . 40% o 5%. , . , . . , , , . , , . . . . , . , . . , . . 500 , . . ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 35

, , , , . 540 .. . , , ao a ee (a o 3% a ee o 5% a ae je aaee) ooje aea. . . , 150 . 20 25 C. , , .

. , . , , . , . . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 36

3.2.2.

3.2.2.1.

:

, - , ;

, , ;

, , , , , ;

( , , , , , , , , , .);

;

, , , , / , .;

, ;

;

, , , , , , , .;

, / , / , , , ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 37

;

, , -, , , ;

, , .

, :

e , , ;

, , ;

, ;

, , ;

, ;

, ;

- , , , , , .;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 38

, , ;

, a ;

, , , - ;

100 ha (25) (33), 1990-2005. , , ;

; -

;

; ;

, , , , .

3.2.2.2. ,

. , ( 57,3%). . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 39

. 213 m3/ha . , , , .

81,2% 59,8% . . , , . 2005-2006. . , , .

3.2.2.3.

. , . . , , . , - . , , (, ) . -.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 40

. , , . , . , , . :

, ( ), .

, , .

. , (). , ( , ) (5 5 mg O2/L ).

, , .

. , .

. ( ) . .

. .

- , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 41

3.2.2.4.

, , , , . , , , . , . , . , , , 10.000 , . , , . , . , .

, . , , , . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 42

3.2.3.

3.2.3.1.

, 2000 , 1500-2000 , . , 1000-2000 , . , , . ( 33,5%, 50% 15 ), . . , . 1500-2000 800-1000 , . 800 .

, , . , , . 35-45% , (14-35%).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 43

. , . , , , . , 800 , . , , .

3.2.3.2.

Oo oej :

, , , , , ;

( , .) ;

; ,

, : ; ; ; .;

- ;

, .

:

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 44

/ , , , I -4;

-, , , ;

(, , .).

e e eje je ee, . . 2005-2007. 3700 , , ( - 1300 - - 500 ) - ( - 1000, - 83 - 650 ), ( - 70, - 104 ). , , , , ., . :

ee ee, e e ee e ee, j e, e .;

j ee, ;

, ;

-e e j , ee e e e, ej ee (, , , e , e, e, e .);

, e e, ee e , e e, e , e , e

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 45

e e je ee, , e ;

, . , ;

, jeo oje, oee, , e -e;

e ej , e ee ;

, e e, ee , e, ., e je e e .

. , , , , . :

;

( ) , ;

-202 , .

, .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 46

3.2.3.3.

: () (130 /km2); ; , ; ; . , , , . ( ) , ( ), (). , , . , , . , , .

11 18 . , . . , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 47

3.2.3.4.

, . , - . , , ( , ). , , , . UNESCO , , - .

, . , . , . , . , - . . , . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 48

3.2.4.

3.2.4.1.

:

- -75 - -763, - - ;

a, , , , .;

II . ( ) , .

I II , . , . : , -4

II , , , , , ;

, -4 , , , , , , .;

;

, 63 km 43%, ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 49

I II .

3.2.4.2.

: ; 1 ; 20 10 kV . 35 10 kV 20 kV 1 110/20 kV, . . , , , , , (). (). , (), 75 W. . , , . . , , , , , , , , , .

, 110 kV. 2025. . 66 W 110 kV 1 231,5 V. 20/0,4 kV, , . , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 50

( , , , , ) . - , , , , , , , . , . , .

3.2.4.3.

( - -), . DSLAM DSL .

. - , . a a a. . , . , . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 51

3.2.4.4.

, , . . . , , , . . , , .

. . , ; ; (, , , .); , , . , -. . - . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 52

3.2.5.

3.2.5.1.

, , , ; ; - ( ); ; . , . : ( ) , , . . , , - . , , : , , , , , , . , , - . I (-4) . - (), . , :

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 53

, -, - -. . : , , , , ., : , I , (14. ), (15. ) (15. ). ( , .) , , , . . , , . , , , - , , , , . , , , . , , .

:

25% ;

- ( , .), ;

- ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 54

; ;

;

, ;

- ;

- , ; .

, , , . ( ), .

3.2.5.2.

, , , ( ). , (buffer) , (, ), . :

;

;

;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 55

( ) ;

; ;

; . . , . , , ( ), . , , : -4,

2000 /;

, ;

, ;

, , (, , , .), ( .) ;

;

;

, ; .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 56

. , .

3.2.5.3.

, , , , . . .

: ; , ; , ; , ; .

3.2.6.

, .

.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 57

II ,

1. ,

1.1.

. : 1. ,

;

2. , , , , , , , ;

3. - , - , , , , ;

4. , , , , , , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 58

1.2. ,

. - , . -- , , , , . , , , . , , . . , , , , (, , .) . - , . , . , , . , , , , --, , (, .) ( .). () .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 59

, , , . , , (2-3) . , (, ). . . . , , , , . , . , , . , , . , . , , , , ( , , , ).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 60

/ , ( ) ( , ). , / - , , ( , , .). , . , .

2. ,

, .

2.1.

2.1.1.

- , , , . : 1) ,

, , ;

2) , , , ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 61

3) , ;

4) , - ;

5) , ;

6) , , , , ;

7) / , , , , / , , - .

2.1.2. ,

, , , , , , . : 1) , ; 2) . , : 1) ,

; 2) ; 3) ; 4) ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 62

5) ; 6) ,

. : 1) , , (,

, , ), ;

2) , , .

: 1) , ( )

, ;

2) ; 3) , ,

; 4)

.

2.1.3.

, , , . , : 1) ,

97% ; 95%, , ();

2) I II , II , ;

3) , ( );

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 63

4) , ;

5) . (Q 1%), . (Q 2%), ( a ) ;

6) ;

7) , ;

8) , ;

9) :

;

, ;

;

;

10) , (, ) .

2.1.4.

( ) . : 1)

; 2) ,

;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 64

3) ; , ;

4) .

2.2.

2.2.1.

. , : 1)

, - ;

2) , ;

3) - , , ( / , ).

2.2.2.

je , . , : 1)

, ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 65

2) , e ej, e ej e, , , , -j ej e ;

3) , ;

4) -e j ee e;

5) , ;

6) je e e eee j ee;

7) , e e, - (ICT), , ;

8) j eee e ee, e-e ej je e ee , , e e ej, ee ej (, eee, e) e j , j ej, e eee ee ej .;

9) , , , ;

10) e je e e e e j ( , , e e j j ), , , - .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 66

2.2.3.

, , . , , . , - , , . , : 1)

; 2)

; 3) ; 4)

; 5) , -

. :

(, , .) ;

, - , ;

, - ;

( ) ;

, , , , ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 67

.

2.2.4.

, , , . : 1)

, , , , .;

2) , ;

3) , ;

4) ( ), ;

5) , / .

2.3.

2.3.1.

: 1)

, ; 2)

, ;

3) I -4;

4) I II , ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 68

5) , , , ;

6) , ;

7) ;

8) .

2.3.2.

: 1)

, ;

2) ;

3) ;

4) 20 kV, 35 10 kV;

5) ; 6)

.

2.3.3.

: 1)

; 2)

, ;

3) ( DSL SHDSL , POTS- /IP, .);

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 69

4) ;

5) ; 6) (

VDSL, Gigabit Ethenet, .); 7)

.

2.3.4.

, . , . : 1) ; 2) ,

( ) ;

3) ( ) , - ;

4) ; 5)

, ;

6) , ( ) ;

7) ;

8) , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 70

.

: 1) ; 2) ao oee, aeao eee, aae oaae

oa a oj e; 3) , ; 4)

, ;

5) , .

oe e aoja : 1)

; 2)

, - ;

3) , ;

4) , .

2.4.

2.4.1.

: 1) ,

, ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 71

2) , , , - ;

3) ;

4) - ( ) ( - ), ;

5) ; 6) ,

, , , ;

7) , , , ( ) .

: 1) ,

, ;

2) , , -, , ;

3) , ;

4) , , , , , ;

5) , , , , , .;

6) ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 72

( , , ) , - , , .;

7) , ;

8) , , ;

9) ;

10) , ;

11) , - , ;

12) ;

13) , , ;

14) - , , - ;

15) - ;

16) , .

2.4.2.

: 1) ; 2) ,

. , : 1)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 73

, ;

2) , ;

3) , , , .;

4) ; 5)

; 6)

, ; 7) ,

, , .

2.4.3.

, , : 1) , ,

; 2)

, , ;

3) ; 4) , / . : 1) ,

, ;

2) , , , , (, .) ;

3) , ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 74

4) , .

2.4.4.

, , , , , , . : 1)

, ;

2) ; 3)

; 4) ; 5)

, .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 75

III ,

1.

1.1. ( 1)

1.1.1.

a o , , :

, , ;

, , , , - , ;

, , , , , , , - , ;

. , :

/ , , , , ;

oeeo 531 ha eeo aooaa ae oea

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 76

ooeooo aoa oo ea, a a eeao aa 2026, aoaa a a o o, oeeo oee oeo o ea ae aoao oea eoao ooeo eo oa ;

, , , , , , , ;

( , , , , .), , ;

, ;

, , 9. 2004. ;

ee , ;

ooe eoo ee o eoje , oe eoo oe / oe, o e e ej oo , eo oee e eooe eo;

oaa ee ee e aoa e oae ooe, - - ; oa ao oaa, oeo eo-eo oeaa oaa, eaa ooe oo oea ooeo ea o o aaa a oae o eo oe eoe;

, ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 77

;

, - , ( , , , , .);

, - , , , .;

, , - , ( .), , ;

, ;

, : / , ; ; ; / (, , ) .;

, , .

, , (. , . 62, 2006). ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 78

. , , : () ; () . , , , . ( ), , . , . , - ( III/1-1). III/1-1.

-

% ,

0-3 3-7

7-12,5

12,5-20

( ) 20-25 ,

25

0-5 5-10 ,

20 m 10-15

, 15 m (750 m/ha), 4. 5.

15-20 10 m (1000 m/ha) 20-30 5 m (2000 m/ha) 30 ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 79

-

% ,

10 10-15 15-25

2. 25

3.0 m - % ,

0-5

5-15

, ,

15

15

15

, , , , . , . , , , , . , , .

1.1.2.

, , , : ; / .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 80

, , , , . , , , (), , ( 1).

1. , 2005. ( %)

0%20%40%60%80%100%

.

n

-

- - - - -, (- 2). , -, -- -, - - . , , , , ( III/1-2). - , 40% 30% , 36% , 22% , 38% 64% ( 3).

2.

, 2005. ( %)

0%10%20%30%40%50%60%70%80%90%100%

-

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 81

III/1-2. -

. .

/

ha

% 7-8 . .

ha

% 5-7 . .

ha

% 5-7 . .

ha

% 6-8 . .

ha

% 6-8 ..

16617.0 10.2 2790.5 16.1 327.5 9.83617.5 5.5 2085.8 56.3 1867.2 3.0 331.8 0.0 39.0 - 467.1 1.1 374.3 5.11 173.2 - 64.2 - 3.2 - 75.1 0.1 32.4 -2 664.9 3.6 66.1 0.1 7.1 - 218.9 1.7 193.3 -3 1029.1 3.1 201.5 - 28.7 - 173.0 0.7 148.7 12.7

- 9783.5 2.6 1458.1 17.0 215.9 -1754.4 7.7 368.3 21.71 1387.9 - 215.9 - 55.7 - 137.9 0.2 59.5 0.42 782.3 0.7 225.4 0.9 37.2 - 52.5 0.3 55.6 60.63 1423.1 14.4 187.9 2.3 19.8 - 233.9 29.8 99.7 34.94 492.8 - 111.4 - 6.3 - 268.1 - 29.2 -5 1183.1 0.1 237.9 - 31.9 - 317.6 - 8.4 -6 1068.4 0.1 158.5 0.2 24.2 - 155.4 - 12.4 -7 1299.8 - 122.5 - 25.2 - 147.2 - 10.8 -8 1303.1 - 142.5 0.4 10.0 - 321.1 - 69.3 12.39 842.9 4.9 56.1 13.3 5.6 - 120.7 53.7 23.6 11.4 4966.3 27.9 1000.6 43.3 72.5 44.41396.1 8.1 1343.1 40.71 722.8 46.5 141.2 27.1 14.0 31.1 143.8 29.1 334.6 73.42 592.5 16.0 132.3 81.4 0.1 64.3 249.7 4.0 142.9 42.93 677.3 42.4 122.9 4.8 7.5100.0 329.2 3.1 273.3 0.44 . 753.1 23.8 249.7 43.2 16.5 80.4 227.3 2.8 189.2 63.74 1194.3 21.2 170.2 92.2 20.3 12.7 141.1 23.4 150.7 41.95 490.9 27.1 79.3 10.1 9.7 45.6 222.7 0.7 142.1 1.16 535.5 19.0 104.9 8.4 4.5 0.0 82.2 12.9 110.4 48.5

: , 20.09.2005.

/ -. , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 82

3.

, 2005. ( ha)

010002000300040005000600070008000900010000

-

, , , - . , , , . , , , ( 7 8. , 5 7 . . 6 8 . .), 2022. , 3641 ha ( III/1-3). III/1-3.

2022.

-

. .

/

2005.

-

2022

2005

-

2022

2005

-

2022

2005

-

2022.

2005

-

2022.

16617 1789 2790 448 328 32 5703 1371 27866 3641

1867 56 332 0 39 841 24 3141 801 173 64 3 107 348 02 665 24 66 7 412 4 1178 283 1029 32 201 29 322 20 1614 52

- 9784 348 1458 15 216 9 2123 215 13983 586

1 1388 20 216 56 197 1857 20

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 83

-

. .

/

2005.

-

2022

2005

-

2022

2005

-

2022

2005

-

2022.

2005

-

2022.2 782 5 225 2 37 9 108 34 1160 503 1423 205 188 4 20 334 105 2243 3144 493 50 111 6 297 908 505 1183 1 238 32 326 1780 16 1068 1 159 0 24 168 1420 17 1300 15 122 25 158 1605 158 1303 10 143 1 10 390 9 1847 199 843 42 56 7 6 144 67 1162 116 4966 1385 1001 434 73 32 2739 660 10742 25111 723 336 141 38 14 4 478 287 1777 6662 593 95 132 108 393 71 1330 2743 677 287 123 6 7 7 602 11 1721 3124 . 753 180 250 108 17 13 417 127 1743 4284 1194 253 170 157 20 3 292 96 2122 5095 491 133 79 8 10 4 365 3 1092 1496 535 101 105 9 4 193 64 958 174

, 2026. , : () ; () . , . , , , , . ( 1. ): 1)

, : 239,8 ha, KO 0,8 ha 11,0 ha . , - , , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 84

. . , , , , , , , . . , , , . , , , , . , e (, , , .). e oe a : - aao eo, eae ; eooa oo , ooae a ee ee ea eaa e, e a oee aoaa oe oeae oa ooe oa e.

2) - - , , . , , . , , , , , , , . , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 85

, . , , ( , , , , , , , , , .) . , , , . , , . / , , , . , , . , , , . , , , . , , - , , . o e oj o o je, , , . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 86

, .

3) , - , , . , , , . , . , , . / , , , . , . ooo a oae oea oaa , -- ea oaa ao aaa ea aaea, ao oa oeeee e oo, oeo oe ee eoa eae ae aaa aa, . : oee e eoe o o; ooe ooo-eooo oe o o; oee oeo o ooe o oeeee o o o e e eo ; e eo oe/eooe ooe e, oo ooo/eo e , ee e ee oe, eoe oe e . oeo e a e aoa, oea oaa e eeae ee e oao e aoeoo oaa, oe oaa oaa ooo a oeae oeo

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 87

ooee ooe oaa e, , eo-eoo ooeoo oaea eao ao aoa . .

1.1.3.

- , , . , . , , , - - . , :

, , , , ;

, - , , , , , ;

, , , , , ;

, , , .;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 88

, ;

, , .

- / , :

: ; , ; , ; ; ;

/- , , ;

, , , , , ;

/ -, , , , ., .

- - - .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 89

HACCP . :

, ( : , , ), ;

- , , ;

, , , / , - ;

, , , , : ; , 12 m2 , ; ; , , , 1,2 m2 ; ;

, - , , .

aee o oejaa , - . , , , , . :

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 90

;

;

, - ;

a oa ja oaja aoea ooe a;

eeee a aea ea a eaa a ee e aeeaae aa eeae e;

je o o eeo oo, o j e eo e eooje e o o e .

1.2. ( 1)

1.2.1.

. , . :

45 ha 65 ha;

30 ha 10 ha; () 5 ha; 30 ha; ()

300 ha;

() 1500 ha .

. VI, VII V VIII ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 91

, 30% . .

1.2.2.

. , , , , , , . - III/1-4 1-5. III/1-4. - ( ha)

.

25.000 6.000 30.000 20.000 20.000

III/1-5.

.

II III II II II/III

, 100 ha ( ), III/1-6. III/1-6.

I II III II/III 1. 90 2. 1250 3. 4650 4. 4900 5. . 9000

:

;

- - ; ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 92

; ; ; ; ,

;

.

1.3. ( 2)

1.3.1.

- . , : 1) , , 2) , . () .

1.3.2.

(), : 1)

(), ;

2) - , .

( 18 ), 2022. , , -: 230 L/. , 170 L/. ; 90 L/. 18% . 600 L/. , 400 L/. , . 2022.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 93

330 L/s, 440 L/s ( III/1-7). III/1-7. , 2022.

Qsr (L/s) Max. Qmax (L/s) 198,6 258,2 14,6 20,4 2,2 3,0 3,8 5,4 16,4 22,9 6,9 9,6 28,4 39,8 1,5 2,1 2,8 4,0 . 2,3 3,3 1,9 2,6 4,4 6,2 4,1 5,8 8,0 11,2 9,4 13,2 4,7 6,6 7,1 9,9 7,3 10,2 3,5 4,9 : 327,9 439,3

:

I -, ;

, ;

, 60 L/s .

272 L/s ( ). : 60 L/s ( ); , . , ( ) , - ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 94

, . ( , V=1,8106 m3) 195,37 h , : 1)

3,9 h, ;

2) , 500 m , . 191,47 h .

500 , . , 14 9900 m3, 1900 m3, . , , 400 L/s . o: . , , , , . , () , . . , , , o. , , I , (.1.6. , .1.5. , ). 3.2. y .2.2. II , . , , , , , . . - e

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 95

, (), I .

1.3.3.

, , : ( ); , , . , : 1) ,

( ) ( ), 25.000 , , ;

2) , ( ) 8.000 , , , , .

:

( ) . ( );

, , , ;

, ;

, , .

(- -), , . :

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 96

, : ; ( ) .

, , , , .

, .

, (, , , ), , .

. , : 5 5 mg/L, HPK 12,5 mg/L, 35 mg/L, 20103 L-1. , . , , . II . . , , .

1.3.4.

: 1)

, ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 97

2) (, .) , ;

3) ;

4) , , .

, . (, , ). : (, ); ; , ; . . . . , . . , . 4,2106 m3. 174 m .., 176 m .. . , , 2 km . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 98

, . . m 175 m 177 m , . ( ) 94,05 h , : 1)

176 m .. 28,35 h ( 58,01 ha), ; , 150 m , . 58 h ;

2) 177 m .. 0,5 h ( 3,82 ha), ; , 150 m , . 7,2 h .

, .

1.3.5.

. / , . 75 kW, 120 W, .

1.3.6.

.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 99

I/II - , II . I, , . : () ; () ; () , -202 -. 500 m , . , 2. 4. . , . , III 4.2.2.2., , III 5.1.2. . , , , - . (), : . III 1.3.3. II . . , . , : 1)

; 2) ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 100

/ ( , 12/95), , / ;

3) .

, III1.3.3. . - : 1)

; 2)

; 3) ,

; 4) ,

, .

( ) ( , ) .

1.4. ( 1)

, . , . , , , , , , , , , , , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 101

, . , (2009), ( 1. ): 1)

, , ,

2) , , ,

, , , , , , , ,

, , .

- , , . , , . . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 102

2. , ,

2.1. 20022025.

/ , , ( III/2-1). . , . . , . , , , .

, , . , .

, : , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 103

III/2-1. 2025.

, 1991. 2002. 1991.* 2002.* 2012. 2025. 47618 50075 46442 48129 50475 53250 23750 25199 23153 24309 26000 27800 23868 24876 23289 23820 24475 25450

2913 3699 2865 3536 4000 4600 2653 3166 2483 2743 2850 2920 1933 2311 1910 2246 2550 2760 2095 2067 2076 2023 2000 2020 1851 1747 1749 1685 1650 1620 1695 1600 1673 1576 1550 1530 1461 1516 1437 1462 1520 1600 1438 1502 1438 1486 1520 1570 1030 1029 1017 1024 995 1020 1124 1027 1117 1015 1020 1030 881 837 866 797 790 820 791 799 781 781 810 850 829 795 800 761 730 700 . 704 621 655 583 540 520 698 616 688 606 550 490 685 615 677 605 590 600 578 493 563 480 430 400 509 436 494 411 380 400

*

- . ( 40 ). , , , ( III/2-2).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 104

III/2-2. 2025.

,

(0-19)

(20-39)

(40-59)

(60 ) 2012

50475 11824 12057 14807 11766 26000 6266 6006 7636 6066 24475 5558 6051 7171 5700

2550 612 604 705 629 550 114 120 170 146 790 186 198 226 179 2850 715 698 804 633 1550 329 375 440 406 4000 940 1100 1124 836 380 65 82 127 106 590 125 136 182 146 . 540 109 126 166 138 2000 430 490 606 474 430 74 101 141 114 995 229 240 302 230 810 184 192 243 191 1520 340 375 475 329 1020 225 237 302 256 1650 388 401 481 381 1520 336 382 467 335 730 155 193 211 171

2025 53250 12722 13433 13913 13183 . 27800 6894 7145 6828 6933 25450 5827 6288 7086 6250

2760 671 704 712 674 490 105 117 141 127 820 191 207 224 198 2920 736 730 801 653 1530 327 356 426 421 4600 1086 1201 1309 1005 400 70 90 125 115 600 128 137 175 159 . 520 108 122 152 138 2020 450 471 565 534 400 72 93 122 113 1020 236 246 258 281 850 195 214 237 204 1600 362 392 462 384 1030 229 238 292 271

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 105

,

(0-19)

(20-39)

(40-59)

(60 ) 1620 363 397 443 417 1570 350 399 446 375 700 150 176 196 179

, ( III/2-3). , . , , (25-35%). III/2-3.

, 2025.

(0-6)

(7-14) (15-64) (15-59)

2012 1696 2401 8743 8840 184 242 866 765 22 39 174 138 52 87 232 221 198 320 943 862 95 132 512 423 305 389 1421 1298 19 30 107 95 43 55 185 148 . 27 41 161 124 121 178 682 571 22 31 129 107 80 102 313 255 76 68 257 199 99 145 520 425 60 90 329 311 122 150 547 477 84 161 482 414 43 67 247 203

2025 1784 2517 9505 9410 199 262 938 828 20 34 155 123 54 91 241 230 203 328 967 884 100 135 506 417 351 448 1634 1492 20 32 113 100

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 106

(0-6)

(7-14) (15-64) (15-59)

44 56 188 150 . 26 39 155 120 122 180 689 577 20 29 120 99 82 105 321 261 79 72 270 209 104 152 547 448 61 91 332 314 125 155 537 468 87 166 498 428 45 70 237 195

2.2.

2.2.1.

e aoj oe aae e a: 1) jaa oe ojeaje ee, oeo j aa

a ajo eoeo ooee; 2) oa aea eoa a (ao, a

oeeae e .); 3) ae eo aoj eoa a e eea

(), jaae oo eoo oeaa, ao ooo eeaoa aa oeo aoaaa;

4) oea aaeo ooaa ooa eoe e.

oo a oe ee, oejae, oee eo aj, ( , .), . , , , , . ( ). a je aa ea aaa o oe aae oa, ajeo aa a oaje a ooa, ao oao aee e eoa

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 107

aja aaa, ojaa aea a aae oajae o a. , , , , , . a a e aaa oeaa a aoj ae ooa, oaaj aa a oeae oo oea. oo a oe e ooo , , , , ooea a a aaj o eo o e, , . , , . Oaae ooo eooo aea oo eo a , , o aoja ae ae, aae aeee eaaje, oaaa oao eeoe ooo a oo ae eae ooa ooeo, ooo o oea, oeaje eaee je. a aoj oa ooa a ea, oa aee ooe oa aae e a ooa aea, aa a aajo oea oeo, aa ooj aa ooa, oeeo aeae oaaje oe ooe aae, ooo ae a ooaa. , . , , , . , , . aa ea eea e e aja o aa a a oa eoa a e eea , e oe e. oaao o eaoa, e e aje aja aoa aaa

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 108

, , ., ao eo a a. , . , . , , , . , . aj oea a aoj ajo aao a e eo, jea o oea eo aoja oe jee ooe eoe e a a aoj , oeeae oe oaa aee aeeoa eoa aaa, a oeeea eaa a oeao aae, e ea, oo ojeaa. e e e oo oeae eao ooe oae oa oeo , e ea ooo oeae oo aae aeee oee o eoo ja, oee oe eaa, ea a oee (oeo a o-e). eaae oo-a ooa, eaaje ea e a, ao e ooo ae oaae oee a eaa o ae aaa, ao ooae ooeaje oa eea oe ae. ojeo aoja , a e oo, e a, a j oo E, oa aa e, oa ejaoa a o eaaj ., ea e oe oaee eaaj ao a: 1) oeee ea, e ao oea

oaja ea oe aoj o eoa; 2) oa oea aa ; 3) oaa eoae ae oaaa e ooaa ; 4) ea oe aoj . ajeo a aoje eoa , oe a aoj o-a . oo (j aae, oe e ae, ae, a .), ao oo aaa eo a e eoa .

2.2.2. ( 1)

: 1) ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 109

, ;

2) / / ( ) - , ;

3) , , , .

: 1) ,

/ , , , , , ;

2) / /, , , :

- ( , , );

/ ( ) ;

( );

;

3) - , , , ;

4)

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 110

, .

: 1)

- // , ;

2) , , ;

3) // 1) , , , ;

4) // , ;

5) // ( );

6) ( , 135/04) ( , 84/05);

7) , 4)-7) .

:

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 111

1) (, , , );

2) , ;

3) .

, : 1)

I -4 , - ( ) , , , , , 1;

2)

/ 10 ha ;

5 ha ( ) ( );

2 ha ( ) , /; , , , , , ;

.

, , 1 2026., .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 112

. , : () ; () ; () III. 5.1.2.5.1.6. . - , . : () ; () ( ), ; () . , .

2.3. ( 2)

/ , , , . /, , . , , . , . : 1)

, , ;

2) ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 113

3) ( , , .);

4) ;

5) ;

6) ;

7) , , , , ;

8) , ;

9) .

. : 1) ; 2) (2) - ; 3) (11)

(5) , , , ;

(6) ( ), , , , ;

4) (4) , , ( ).

, . III/2-4. 2. 3. . . .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 114

, , , , . . III/2-4. , 2022.

()

- - - -- -

: , .

, . , , ( ), (), ( ), () ( ). , . , , , , , , , (. -, -, - .). , , . , , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 115

, - . -4 , , . ( ) . . , , . , . - - --. , . . - (-) (--). ( , , , , ). , . . . ( , , , , , ). - , . . , , . , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 116

, , , , , , , . , . ( ), , . . ( , , , , , , ). , , ( -202). . . . , . , , ( , , ). , . . ( , , , , ). . , . . , . , , . , , - ( ) - ( ).

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 117

, . ( , , , ). . . , II -202 -19 , . . ( , , ). . II -215 -19. . . , ; , , , , . , . , , , , , . , , III 2.2.2., 4.2.2., 4.3., 4.4.2. 5.1.2.-5.1.4. . , ( / ),

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 118

. ( , , , .) ( .) , . . , , . - 5% . 2% . . , 2% . . . ( ) , , , . 30 /ha, 20 /ha.

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 119

2.4. ( 2)

, . : ; ; .

2.4.1.

2.4.1.1. , , . 50% 1-5,5 100% 5,5-6,5 .

: () 1000 m; () 5 ; () 6% , , .

20 , 1860 , 60% 2006. . III/2-5. , 5 m2 20 m2 .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 120

III/2-5. -

, 2022.

(50%)

m2

m2

- 1-5,5

(50%) 5,5-6,5 (100%)

1-5,5

5,5-6,5 1-5,5

5,5-6,5 1-5,5

5,5-6,5

53250 1150 710 57 37 5730 3520 22920 14100 . 27800 580 360 29 18 2900 1780 11600 7130 . 25450 570 350 28 19 2830 1740 11320 6970 27800 580 360 29 18 2900 1780 11600 7130 4600 115 70 6 4 570 350 2280 1400 2920 70 45 3 2 350 230 1400 810 2760 65 40 3 2 330 200 1300 800 2020 45 25 2 1 220 130 900 500 1620 40 25 2 1 200 120 800 500 1600 34 21 2 1 170 100 680 420 1570 28 17 1 1 140 90 570 340 1530 32 20 2 1 160 100 650 400 1030 20 12 1 1 100 60 400 240 1020 27 16 1 1 130 80 530 320 850 26 16 1 1 130 80 510 320 820 18 12 1 1 90 50 350 240 700 14 10 1 1 70 50 290 180 600 12 8 1 1 60 40 290 160. 520 8 6 *0.4 1 40 30 170 120 400 7 6 *0.3 1 35 30 130 120 490 7 4 *0.3 *0.2 35 20 130 80 400 7 4 *0.3 *0.2 35 20 130 80

* .

, , . , e , . .

. . . , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 121

, . . , : () ; () ; () ( -), 5 m2 ; () : , , ; 15 ; .

2.4.1.2. . . , 9% 100% . III/2-6. , 5 m2 20 m2 . III/2-6.

, 2022.

- -

7-10 .

11-14 .

4-. / 8-.

(- - )

- - -

m2

- -

m2

- -

53250 2345 2575 4935 26 24675 98700 . 27800 1180 1310 2800 5 14000 56000 . 25450 1165 1265 2135 21 10675 42700 . 27800 1180 1310 8-. 2800 5 14000 56000

4600 215 240 400 2 2000 8000

2920 160 170 8-. 160 2 800 3200

-, -, , -, -, .-., -

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 122

- -

7-10 .

11-14 .

4-. / 8-.

(- - )

- - -

m2

- -

m2

- -

2760 120 135 8-., 4-. 350 2 1750 7000

, -

2020 85 95 8-. 220 1 1100 4400 1620 80 70 8-. 180 1 900 3600 1600 70 85 8-. 185 1 925 3700 - 1570 70 90 8-. 160 1 800 3200 1530 65 65 8-. 170 1 850 3400

1030 45 45 4-. 50 1 250 1000

1020 50 60 4-. 50 1 250 1000 850 40 40 4-. 40 1 200 800 820 40 50 4-. 40 1 200 800 700 35 30 4-. 35 1 175 700 600 30 30 4-. 30 1 150 600 . 520 20 20 4-. 20 1 100 400 400 15 15 4-. 15 1 75 300 490 15 15 4-. 15 1 75 300 400 15 15 4-. 15 1 75 300

, . . , . , - , . 5-7 m2 .

( , , ), . .

4 km , , .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 123

, , : () 8- 600 , 480 (16-20 ), ( ); () (480/600 ) 1,5 ha; () : , , ; 15 ( ); .

2.4.1.3. , 2900 15-18 . , 65-80% . 2200-2500 , 10% . ( ) , : () 10 m2/ 20-25 m2/ ; () , . 200 .

2.4.1.4. , . , . . : () 17 m2 ; () 40 m2 .

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 124

, , . 30% , .

2.4.2.

. " " ( ). . . , . , . , . . (2006) , , , , , . , , , , , , . , : () 120 m2 ; () 130 m2 ;

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 125

() 100 m2 ; () 40 m2 . . ( ) , :

142 , ;

90 " " ( - 40 50 ).

5/1000 . , - , . , , . , , . .

2.4.3.

. . , . . , , , , . , , ,

___________________________________________________________________________________________________________________

________________________________________________________________________ 126

: 1) ;

2) ;

3) ( );

4) ;

5) 2-3 , , , ;

6) ;

7) .

. : () 20 m , 5 m , 3 m ; () ; () : , , ; .

2.4.4.

. -, . . , , , (, , , , , , .) .

__________________________________________