PTMILSYM

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U.S. ARMY MEDICAL DEPARTMENT CENTER AND SCHOOL PT WYAN-24BAMEDD NONCOMMISSIONED OFFICERS ACADEMY

Military Symbols and Overlay Techniques

Programmed Text

SCOPE: To provide the student with a working knowledge of the fundamentals ofconstruction and techniques of depicting military symbols used in thepreparation of situation maps, planning maps, operations maps, and overlays.

REFERENCES: FM 101-5-1 and FM 101-5.

MATERIAL REQUIRED: None.

PREREQUISITES: None.

I. INTRODUCTION. This programmed text is a preclass self-instructionaltext covering the fundamentals of construction and techniques ofdepicting military symbols used on situation maps, planning maps,operations maps, and overlays. No attempt has been made to depict allmilitary symbols in this text. However, the symbols that you will study

will provided yo with techniques and uniform methods for graphicallyportraying various units, activities, control measures, and othertactical information. Once you are familiar with the techniques andbasic construction of military symbols, you will be able to develop anydesired symbol by following a clear, logical, and concise sequence.

II. OBJECTIVES.

a. Develop your proficiency in the recognition and use of thosemilitary symbols and tactical control measures most oftenencountered in depicting field and tactical operations through thebrigade level.

b. Graphically portray units, installations, and activities, APPLYINGthe methods of constructing military symbols according to the

guidelines given in this text.

c. Prepare an operation overlay, DEPICTING tactical information, usingthe techniques given in this text.

III. GENERAL INSTRUCTIONS.

a. The information in this text is systematically arranged intolearning steps. The pages in this text will present informationfollowed by a requirement to draw a symbol, fill in a word phrase,or identify a symbol. You will find the solution on a subsequentpage.

b. Start your work in Frame 1, page 3, continue through to Frame 76,page 75; return to page 3, Frame 77 and complete the text to includethe self-quiz starting on page 64.

c. This text serves as a supplement to instruction and aid for self-improvement in the methods and techniques of graphic representation.

d. You will be responsible for bringing this text to your militarysymbols and overlays class. The techniques and methods which youwill learn will help you to better understand some of theinstruction presented and will increases your general militaryknowledge.

NOTE: YOU MAY COMPLETE THIS TEXT AT YOUR OWN RATE. THE AVERAGE COMPLETION

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TIME FOR THE TEXT IS FROM 3 TO 4 HOURS. There are also four requirements tocheck what you have learned starting on the bottom of page 64.

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FRAME 1. DEFINITION OF A MILITARY SYMBOL.

a. A military symbol is a sign composed of a diagram, number, letter,abbreviation, color or combination thereof, used to identify anddistinguish a particular military unit, activity or installation(AR 310-25).

b. Military symbols accurately identify items of operation interest.You should use commonly accepted symbols. If you must improvisesymbols, you should also explain their meaning in an accompanyinglegend.

FRAME 2. MILITARY SYMBOLS ARE USED PRIMARILY IN CONJUNCTION WITH THEFOLLOWING.

a. All types of situation maps and overprints.b. Filed sketches and overlays.c. Aerial photographs.d. Organizational charts.

Proceed to FRAME 3 (top section, page 4).

FRAME 77. You also use symbols to show target/reference points (TRP) on a mapor overlay, for artillery/mortar fire.

The symbol normally used to mark a conventional TRP is:

You may use special symbols to mark TRPs of unusual size or shape.

Numbers shown are TRP numbers.

Proceed to Frame 78.

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FRAME 3. The basic symbol used to represent units, command posts, and combatservice support elements organic to combat units (brigade and below) is arectangle. ┌───────┐

EXAMPLE: └───────┘

FRAME 4. For a command post, a staff extends from the lower left corner ofthe rectangle, at a right angle to the base.

┌───────┐EXAMPLE: ├───────┘

│ │


FRAME 78. Draw the symbol described below:

The symbol for Area TRP AB213 would be: .

The symbol for Conventional TRP DC105 would be: .

For answer, see lower section, page 5.

Proceed to FRAME 79 (lower section, page 6).

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FRAME 5. To depict combat service support elements organic to a combat unit(brigade and below) draw a horizontal line from side to side of the rectangle,1/4 of the distance from the bottom line.

┌─────────┐EXAMPLE: └─────────┘

FRAME 6. One use of the circle is to portray a logistical, medical, oradministrative installation.

EXAMPLE:

FRAME 7. Depict an observation or listening post with a triangle.

EXAMPLE:

FRAME 8. Thus far, you learned to use geometric figures in the form of┌──────┐└──────┘, and to depict units, command posts, combat service supportelements of combat unit, observation or listening post and combat supportinstallations or activities.


Answers to FRAME 78 (lower section, page 4).

The symbol for Area TRP AB 2130 would be

AB 2130

The symbol for Conventional, TRP DC105 would be

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FRAME 9. Draw the symbols described below (brigade and below).

a. Combat service support element organic to a combat unit.

b. A unit.

c. An observation or listening post.

d. A combat service support installation or activity.

e. A command post.

Proceed to FRAME 10 (page 8) (for answer, see top section, page 7).

FRAME 79. You use LATERAL BOUNDARIES to control the maneuver and fires ofadjacent units. Boundaries in the offense establish zones of action and inthe defense they establish sectors of responsibility. Indicate boundaries bya line with the size of the unit shown at convenient intervals. Placedesignations of units supplemented by arm or branch and national designation,if necessary, on either side of the size indication. Always show the highestechelon of adjacent units sharing the boundary on the boundary.

EXAMPLE: (Boundary between units of equal size).

│ │ │ │

TMA ───────── B TF 2-76 2-76│ │

│ │Boundary separates

Boundary separates

Team A From Co BTask force 2-76 from

2d Battalion 78th Infantry

FRAME 80. When boundaries separate units of unequal size, place the sizesymbol of the larger unit on the boundary. Spell out the designation of thesmaller unit to include its size.

Proceed to FRAME 81.

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Answer to FRAME 9, page 6.

Either a rectangle, triangle, or circle represents the symbols whichyou were required to draw (brigade and below).

┌──────┐a. Combat service support element organic to a combat unit. │ │

├──────┤ └──────┘ ┌──────┐

b. A unit. └──────┘

c. An observation or listening post.

d. A combat service support installation or activity. ┌──────┐

e. A command post. │ │ ├──────┘ │

FRAME 81. Study this example of boundaries shared by unequal sized units.

│ │ 1-66

52 X 12 BDE (SEP) ────── ──────X TRP A

│ │

(Boundaries separate 52d Infantry (Boundaries separate 1stDivision and 12th Brigade (Sep), Battalion, 66th Infantry andunits of unequal size). Troop A, units of unequal size).


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FRAME 10. Now that you know the basic symbol for units, command posts, combatservice support elements of combat units, combat service support installationsof activities, and observations or listening posts, you are ready to proceedto the next step, depicting size.

The symbol used to represent the size of a UNIT BELOW COMPANY LEVEL are:

SYMBOL UNIT SIZE

Squad (Smallest element).

Section (Larger than a squad/smaller than a platoon).

Platoon or platoon size detachment.

FRAME 11. "The symbols used to represent the size of UNITS FROM COMPANY TOREGIMENTAL OR GROUP LEVEL are:

SYMBOL UNIT SIZE │

│ Company, troop, or battery. │ │ ││ │ Battalion or squadron. │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │ Group or regiment. │ │ │


FRAME 82. Depict the units sharing the boundary shown below.

(Boundary separates 25th Infantry Division on the left and 3dSquadron, 4th Cavalry on the right.)

(Boundary separates TF, 2d Bn 76th Infantry on the left and 1stBde 66th Inf on right.)

For answers, see bottom of page 10.


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FRAME 12. WHAT DO THE SYMBOLS BELOW REPRESENT: ┌───┐ =

└───┘

┌───┐ =└───┘

┌───┐ =

└───┘

┌───┐ =└───┘

┌───┐ =└───┘

┌───┐ =└───┘

For answers, see top section, page 12.


FRAME 83. Rear boundary. If you show a rear boundary, the size along theboundary corresponds to the smaller or forward unit. It is unnecessary toshow unit designations on rear boundaries. Unit designations on lateralboundaries are sufficient to identify units sharing a rear boundary.

NOTE: INCLUDE THE ABBREVIATIONS "TF" AND "TM" WITH THE UNIT DESIGNATION ONTHE BOUNDARY WHEN APPLICABLE.

│ │ │ │ │ │

2-23 CAV X 52 1 X 2 52 X 21X │ X

│ │ │ ├─── X ──────┴─────── X ─────┤ │ │

(Depicted above is the rear boundary of the 1st and 2d Brigades from52d Infantry Division Mech.).

Proceed to FRAME 84 (page 11).

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FRAME 13. Use the "x" to represent the size of brigade or higher level units.

SYMBOL UNIT SIZE

X Brigade

X X Division

X X X Corps

X X X X Army

X X X X X Army Group


Answer to FRAME 82 (bottom of page 8).

(Boundaries separate 25th Infantry Division and 3d Squadron, 4thCavalry).

│ │ │

25 X 3-4 CAVX

│ │ │

(Boundaries separate Task Force, 2d BN, 76th Infantry on the left and1st Bde, 66th Infantry on the right).

│

│ │TF 2-76 X 1-66

│ │ │

The boundary separates units of unequal size. You should have added the sizesymbol of the larger unit.

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FRAME 14. Indicate the size unit below.

X =

X X =

X X X =

X X X X =

X X X X X =

For answers, see page 13, top section.


FRAME 84. Use DELAY LINE (DL) INITIAL DELAY POSITION (IDP) to controllocation of forces in retrograde/recovery of force operations. Show DL or IDP

with a code name and a proposed Not-earlier-than time.

EXAMPLE:LINE ALPHA LINE GREEN

(021200A JUN) (021500 JUN)

IDP DL

IDP DL

LINE ALPHA LINE GREEN(021200A JUN) (021500 JUN)


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Answer to FRAME 12 (top section, page 9).

┌───┐ =└───┘ Squad

┌───┐ =└───┘ Section

┌───┐ =└───┘ Platoon or Detachment

┌───┐ =└───┘ Company, Troop, or Battery

┌───┐ =└───┘ Battalion or Squadron

┌───┐ =└───┘ Group or Regiment

FRAME 85. COORDINATING POINT. Show coordinating points on defensiveboundaries to indicate specific points for coordination of fires and maneuver

between adjacent units. Locate coordinating points at a terrain featureeasily recognizable on the map and ground. Show a coordinating point bydrawing a circle on a selected terrain feature and placing an "X" in thecenter.

EXAMPLE:

(Coordinating Point)


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X represents a brigade.

X X represents a division.

X X X represents a corps.

X X X X represents an army.

X X X X X represents an army group.

FRAME 86. Show coordinating points whenever a boundary crosses the ForwardEdge of the Battle Area (FEBA). Label them with the abbreviations "FEBA," onboth sides.

EXAMPLE:82 FEBA

─────┬─────XX───────────x───────── │ 21

│ 1-11

─────┼───── ───────────x───────── │ 1-11

│ 1 ─────┴──────X───────────x─────────

2 FEBA

(Boundaries in the Defense)


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┌───┐FRAME 15. The symbol └───┘ placed over the size symbol of a unit indicates aTEMPORARY GROUPING of units, usually for a specific tactical operation and inwhich the denoted unit functions as the command and control element. Thesetemporary groupings occur at battalion and company level for combined armsoperations, i.e., an armor company attached to an infantry battalion becomes atask force.

EXAMPLES: ┌─┬─┐ ┌┬─┬┐ ┌┴─┴─┴┐ ┌┴┴─┴┴┐ └─────┘ └─────┘

(A team) (A task force) ┌─┬─┐ ┌┬─┬┐ ┌┴─┴─┴┐ ┌┴┴─┴┴┐ ├─────┘ ├─────┘ │ │

(A team CP) (A task force CP)

FRAME 16. If substantially reinforcing a unit, place the symbol (+) to theright of the symbol, i.e., an infantry company attached to an infantrybattalion.

EXAMPLE:

┌──┴──┐ ┌─┴─┴─┐ └─────┘(+) └─────┘(+)

(A reinforced company) (A reinforced battalion)


FRAME 87. The location of coordinating points on defensive boundariesindicates the general trace of the FEBA, as visualized by the commander whodesignates it. A broken line extending between coordinating points indicatesthe specific trace of the FEBA to be occupied. A solid line extending betweencoordinating points indicates the specific trace of the FEBA presently

occupied.

FEBA FEBAX X

Proposed Occupied

X XFEBA FEBA


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FRAME 17. Complete the symbols below to indicate the grouping of unitsdescribed: ┌──────┐ ┌─────┐

(A team) └──────┘ (A task force) └─────┘ ┌──────┐ ┌─────┐

(A team CP) └──────┘ (A task force CP) └─────┘

Proceed to top section of page 17 for answers.

FRAME 18. If a substantial part of a unit is detached, place the symbol (-)to the right of the symbol. │ │

EXAMPLE: ┌─┴──┴─┐ │ │ (-) └──────┘

(A battalion less detachments)


FRAME 88. You can also use coordinating points where delay lines and lateralboundaries intersect. │ │

EXAMPLE: │ │LINE │ IDP │ LINE

Initial Delay Position (IDP) ALFA ──X─────────────X── ALFA │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

LINE │ DL │ LINEDelay Line (DL) JACK ──X─────────────X── JACK

│ │ │ │

│ │(Delay Lines)


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FRAME 19. When constructing basic military symbols, use the traditional armof branch symbols. Here are some of the symbols.

BRANCH SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

Infantry Crossed packstraps

Armor Tank track

Cavalry (Scouts of an infantry battalion) Cavalry Bandoleer

Armored Cavalry (Scouts, Mech IN Bn/Scouts Cavalry BandoleerArmor TK Bn) and Tank track

Artillery Cannon Ball

Engineer Bridge

Signal Lightning Flash


FRAME 89. PROPOSED BOUNDARIES. Show proposed boundaries with broken linesand label them to indicate the effective date/time group, if known.

EXAMPLE:

1-66EFF 300930 OCT

- - - - - - - - - - - - - - -1-67

(Proposed boundary separating 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry and 1stBattalion, 67th Infantry, effective 300930 OCT).


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Answer to FRAME 17 (top of page 15).

In completing the symbols described, you should have added the size symboland the symbol to indicate a company team or a battalion task force.

┌─┬─┐ ┌┬─┬┐ ┌┴─┴─┴┐ ┌┴┴─┴┴┐ └─────┘ └─────┘

(A team) (A task force) ┌─┬─┐ ┌┬─┬┐ ┌┴─┴─┴┐ ┌┴┴─┴┴┐ ├─────┘ ├─────┘ │ │

(A team CP) (A task force CP)

FRAME 90. Draw a proposed boundary separating Team BRAVO and C Company.

NOTE: ALL WRITING ON AN OVERLAY IS IN CAPITAL LETTERS AND HORIZONTAL (EXCEPTWHEN LABELING A ROUTE OR AXIS OF ADVANCE).

For answer, see bottom of page 19.


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FRAME 20. Once you understand the method of constructing branch symbols, thesymbols are self-explanatory in most cases. Here are some more examples:


Medical Geneva Cross

Army Aviation Propeller

Air Defense Radar Dome


FRAME 91. DIRECTION OF ATTACK. A direction of attack is a specific directionwhich the center of mass (bulk of combat power) of a unit will follow. Adirection of attack is the most restrictive control measure assigned to aunit. It is used most frequently in counterattacks and night attacks. Showdirection of attack with a solid line arrow drawn from the line of departureto the objective with no label.

EXAMPLE:

LD │ │ │ │ OBJ │ 4 │ │

LD

(Direction of attack arrow from Line of Departure (LD) to Objective 4.)

Proceed to FRAME 92 (bottom section of page 20).

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FRAME 22. Place BRANCH SYMBOLS within unit, installation and observation orlistening post symbols.

EXAMPLE:

(An infantry unit) (A medical installation) (An infantryobservationor

listeningpost).

FRAME 23. Complete the symbols below by adding the branch symbol described.

BRANCH SYMBOL

┌────┐Armor └────┘

┌────┐Cavalry └────┘

(For answers, see top section, page 21). ┌────┐Armored Cavalry └────┘

Proceed to FRAME 24 (top section page 20).


TM BRAVO

- - - - | - - - -C

Proposed boundary between TM Bravo and Company C.

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FRAME 24. Identify the branch of the units shown.

BRANCH SYMBOL



FRAME 92. Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry will conduct a night attack

to seize objective 631 using a direction of attack control measure. Completethe graphics below to indicate the control measure assigned to Company A fromthe LD to OBJ 631.

│ │ │ OBJ │ │ 631 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

1-66 = 1-67 │ A - C │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │LD ───┴─────────┴──────────┴── LD


Proceed to FRAME 93 (bottom of page 22).

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Armor Tank Track

Cavalry (Scouts Platoon of a non-mech Cavalry Bandoleercombat unit)

Armored Cavalry Cavalry Bandoleerand Tank track

FRAME 25. There are certain branches for which there is no symbol. In thiscase, authorized abbreviations indicate the branch of service.

EXAMPLE: ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ MP │ │ ASA │ └─────┘ └─────┘

(A Military Police Unit) (Army Security Agency) ┌─────┐ ┌─────┐ │ MI │ │CEWI │ └─────┘ └─────┘

(Military Intelligence) (Military Intelligence atCorps and below)


Answer to FRAME 92 (bottom page 20).

│ │ │ OBJ │ │ 631 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

│ │ │1-66 = 1-67 │ A - C │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

LD ───┴─────────┴──────────┴── LD

(Direction of attack control measure)

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BRANCH SYMBOL

Medical

Army Aviation

Air Defense

Artillery

Engineer

Signal

FRAME 93. ROUTE OF MARCH. Show routes of march with a solid line arrow andlabel with the word "ROUTE" and a unit designation, letter, number, or code

name. The arrow follows a specific route.

EXAMPLE:

┌───────┐ ┌──────┐ │ RP │ │ SP │ └───────┘ └──────┘

ROUTE 2-76

NOTE: "SP" AND "RP" START POINTS AND RELEASE POINTS ARE OFTEN USED INCONJUNCTION WITH ROUTES. DEPICTED AS ABOVE SYMBOLS AND LABELED WITH THEABBREVIATIONS "SP" AND "RP." NOTICE THAT ALL LETTERS ARE CAPITAL.

Proceed to FRAME 94 (bottom page 23).

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FRAME 26. Shown below are branches of service for which there are no symbols.Complete the unit symbols by adding the branch of services shown.

BRANCH SYMBOL

Army Security Agency ┌───────┐ └───────┘

Military Police ┌───────┐ └───────┘

Military Intelligence ┌───────┐ └───────┘

For answers, see page 25.


FRAME 94. Depict ROUTE "A" with a start point and a release point.



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FRAME 27. Frequently, units symbols are more meaningful if they indicate theduty performed by the unit. Some duty performed symbols are depicted below.

BRANCH SYMBOL

Airborne

Maintenance and repair

Rocket and guided missile

Supply

Mortar Pit (Inf)

Antitank


FRAME 95. LINE OF CONTACT: Show LC with a series of ARCS which curve awayfrom the opposing force.

EXAMPLE:

(Enemy Front Lines)

(Friendly Front Lines)

When you use only one color, you show the enemy front line with double lines.(See Frame 111).


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BRANCH SYMBOL

┌───────┐Army Security Agency │ ASA │

└───────┘ ┌───────┐

Military Police │ MP │ └───────┘ ┌───────┐

Military Intelligence │ MI │ └───────┘


┌───────┐ ┌──────┐ │ SP │ │ RP │ └───────┘ └──────┘

ROUTE A

(Route A with a start point and a release point).

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FRAME 28. Write the duty performed by the units shown.

DUTY PERFORMED SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

For answers see page 28.


FRAME 96. LINE OF DEPARTURE IS THE LINE OF CONTACT. When units are incontact with the enemy, and an attack is launched from current positions, usethe phrase "Line of Departure is Line of Contact (LD/LC)" on the overlay andplaced adjacent to indicated friendly forward disposition. Depict the LD/LCby a series of arcs on the line of contact. Label the series of arcs at eachend with the abbreviation "LD/LC."

EXAMPLE:

LD/LC LD/LC


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FRAME 29. Designate units by traditional arm or branch symbol, abbreviationor duty performed symbol. ┌──────┐ │ │ └──────┘ Transportation (branch) ┌──────┐ │ SF │ └──────┘ Special Forces (duty performed)

FRAME 30. Shown below are two of the more recently developed duty performedsymbols.


Air assault V Elongated V denotes unitsorganic to air assaultorganizations and trained inair assault operations.

Air assault Y Elongated V with stem andbase distinguishes airassault units that have

sufficient organic aircraftto perform air assaultmissions.


FRAME 97. CHECKPOINT. A checkpoint is an easily identifiable predeterminedlocation on the map and on the ground designated as a reference point forreporting the location of friendly units. Do not report enemy locations byuse of checkpoints.

EXAMPLE: ┌────┐ ┌───┐ │ 45 │ │ B │ └────┘ └───┘

(Checkpoint number 45) (Checkpoint BRAVO)

┌───┐ │RED│ └───┘

(Checkpoint RED)

Depict a checkpoint by a rectangle with a point on the bottom denoting theexact location.


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BRANCH SYMBOL

Airborne

Maintenance and repair

Rocket and guided missile

Supply

Antitank

Mortar Pit (Inf)

FRAME 98. OBJECTIVES. An objective is usually a key terrain feature, or anenemy force, which is to be seized or destroyed. Enclose objectives within asolid line and identify them by the abbreviation "OBJ" with either a number,letter, code name, or unit designation.

EXAMPLE:

OBJ595

(Objective 595)

Example of two ways to divide the same Objective for attack by two units foruse on map overlays.

EXAMPLE #1 EXAMPLE #2

OBJ A OBJ ─┬─ A

────────────┼───── ──────────────── ─┴─ OBJ595 B B

NOTE: WHEN USING NUMBERS TO IDENTIFY OBJECTIVES, THEY DO NOT ESTABLISHIMPORTANCE, PRIORITY, OR SEQUENCE OF SEIZING OBJECTIVES.


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FRAME 31. Write the branch of duty performed indicated by the symbol shown.

┌──────┐ └──────┘

┌──────┐ └──────┘


FRAME 32. Complete the descriptions below.


Air assault Elongated V denotes units┌─────┐ o to air assault└─────┘ organizations and t

in air assault operations.

Air assault Elongated V with stem and ┌─────┐ base distinguishes air a

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FRAME 99. PHASE LINE. A phase line is for control and coordination of units;extend it across the entire zone or section, preferably along a prominentterrain feature or manmade object which is readily identifiable on the groundand on the map. Show a phase line with a solid line labeled on each end withthe abbreviation "PL" and a code name, letter, or number for identification.

EXAMPLE:

PL DOG PL DOG

PL ALPHA PL ALFA

PL2 PL2

(PHASE LINES)

NOTE: ALL WORDS AND ABBREVIATIONS ARE CAPITALIZED.


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FRAME 33. There are some units specially equipped and trained to accomplish aspecific mission. To graphically represent these units, it is sometimesnecessary to combine branch and duty performed symbols.

EXAMPLE:

+ =(An infantry unit) (An airborne unit)

(An airborne infantry unit) (An infantry unit light)

The branch symbol for infantry and the duty symbol for airborne are combinedto indicate an airborne infantry unit.

EXAMPLE: ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐ └───────┘ + └───────┘ = └───────┘

(An Armored unit) (An Artillery unit) (A self-propelledartillery unit)

┌───────┐ ┌───────┐ ┌───────┐ ┌──────┐ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │Infantry └───────┘ └───────┘ └───────┘ └──────┘

Mechanized (APC) BIFV (Mounted) BIFV (Dismounted) Motorized

Combine the branch symbol for armor and artillery to indicate a self-propelledartillery unit.


FRAME 100. Depict Phase Line APPLE as a control measure used by Task Force2-76 between the LD/LC and OBJ "A."

OBJA

2 X 1 TF 2-76 2-78

LD/LC LD/LC



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┌──────┐ │ │ └──────┘ Transportation (branch) ┌──────┐ │ SF │ └──────┘ Special Forces (duty performed)



Air assault Elongated V denotes units┌─────┐ organic to air assault└─────┘ organizations and trained in

air assault operations.

Air assault Elongated V with stem and ┌─────┐ base distinguishes air └─────┘ assault units that have

sufficient organic aircraft

to perform air assaultmissions.

Answer to FRAME 88.

Answer to FRAME 100 (bottom of page 30).│ OBJ │

PL APPLE ───┼───────────┼── PL APPLE │ │

2 X 1 │ │ TF 2-76 = 2-78 │ │ │ │ │ │ LD/LC

NOTE: THE PHASE LINE WHICH YOU DEPICTED SHOULD EXTEND ACROSS THE ENTIRE ZONEOF ACTION OF TASK FORCE 2-76. NOTICE THE LETTERS ARE CAPITALS.

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FRAME 34. Using the branch and duty performed symbols that you learned inthis text, select the appropriate combination of symbols to depict the unitsdescribed below.

UNIT SYMBOL

Airborne Infantry Battalion

Armored Cavalry Platoon

Mechanized Infantry Task Force (APC)

Mechanized Infantry Scout Platoon

A Supply and Maintenance Battalion


Proceed to FRAME 35 (top section page 34).

NOTE: Do not use the term MSR below division level.

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UNIT SYMBOL

Airborne Infantry Battalion

Armored Cavalry Platoon

Mechanized InfantryTask Force (APC)

Mechanized InfantryScout Platoon

A Supply and MaintenanceBattalion

FRAME 102. Show a proposed supply route with a broken line. In the offense,the SR, as approved, may be extended forward to the objective, or as far as

the combat service support is visualized for the operation. Show a SR forwardof the line of departure as a proposed route. Complete the graphics below toindicate a proposed battalion supply route, capable of sustaining two-waytraffic, extending forward of the line of departure (LD) to the vicinity ofObjective 791.

LD │ │

OBJ │791 │ SR

│ │ │

LD



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FRAME 35. You also use branch and duty performed symbols in constructingcombat service support installation or activity symbols.

Place the appropriate branch or duty performed symbol within the circle.Normally, the duty performed is more important than the branch when showingcombat service support installations or activities.

EXAMPLES:

(A medical installation or activity) (A logisticalactivity ammunition))

The symbol for a medical installation or activity represents aid stations,clearing stations, and hospitals. Place vertical marks on Geneva cross todistinguish the symbol from a coordinating point which you will see later inthe text. The logistical activity shown handles ammunition, type unspecified.The symbol represents a supply installation or activity and the "bullet"represents ammunition.

FRAME 36. Use other branch or duty performed symbols in conjunction with thebasic ammunition symbol to indicate specific types of ammunition.

EXAMPLE:

+ =Ammunition Symbol Infantry Small Arms Ammunition

The Infantry branch symbol added to the basic ammunition symbol indicates aspecific type of ammunition, small arms.


FRAME 103. CONTACT POINT. A contact point normally found on unit boundariesis a location where two or more units are required to make physical contact.Draw a contact point as a square with a line drawn from the bottom center todenote exact location and a number placed inside for identifications. Extendor bend the line as required to denote location.

Depict contact point number 3 on a boundary line between Co B on the left andTeam C on the right.


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FRAME 37. Using branch or duty performed symbols depicted in this text,complete the logistical installation symbols below by graphically depictingthe type ammunition available at the supply point.

TYPE AMMUNITION AVAILABLE SYMBOL

Army Aviation

Artillery

Rocket andguided missile

For answer, see page 37.



In completing the graphic shown, you should have drawn the proposed supplyroute forward of the line of departure with a broken line, indicating theunit size, and depicting arrows parallel to the supply route to indicatethat it is capable of sustaining two-way traffic forward of the line ofdeparture.

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FRAME 38. The final step in constructing unit, installation and activitysymbols is to depict the designation of units.

To indicate a specific unit of ANY size, place the unit designation on theleft of the unit symbol. The unit designation on the left of the unitsymbol must agree with the size symbol on top of the unit symbol.

EXAMPLE: Depict a company-size unit. │

Battery ┌─┴─┐ Battalion Group Brigade HigherCompany │ │ Squadron Regiment Echelons ofTroop └───┘ Command

Place higher echelons of command on the right of the basic symbol in ascendingorder from left to right, and seperated by a slash. Sometimes a combinationof numbers identifies battalions and squadrons. Such a system is employed indesignating army combat units and called the Combat Arms Regimental System(CARS). Under the CARS system both the battalion or squadron and atraditional regimental number designate infantry, tank, and artillerybattalions, and armored cavalry squadrons. To indicate that the combinationof numbers do not show separate echelons of command, but refer to a single

unit, they are separated by a dash rather than a slash.

EXAMPLE:

1-66 2-76

(1st Battalion, 66th (2d Battalion (Mech), 76thInfantry) Infantry APC)


┌───┐ │ 3 │ └─┬─┘

└────B TMC

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TYPE AMMUNITION AVAILABLE SYMBOL DESCRIPTION

Army Aviation Army aviation ammuni-tion supply point

Artillery Artillery ammunitionsupply point

Rocket and Guided Missile Rocket and guidedmissile supply point

FRAME 104. PASSAGE POINT. A passage point is a location at which an incomingunit passes through a unit which is in contact with the enemy or a locationwhere a unit withdrawn through another unit occupying rearward positions.Depict a passage point with a square with the abbreviation "PP" and a numberor letter for identification placed inside and below the "PP."

┌────┐ ┌────┐ │ PP │ │ PP │ │ 7 │ │ K │ └────┘ └────┘

(Passage point number 7) (Passage point "K")

NOTE: "PP" IS CAPITALIZED.


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FRAME 40. Draw the unit symbol depicting the units below.

52d Infantry Division (Mechanized) (APC).

1st Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (BIFV MOUNTED).

2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division (APC).


Proceed to FRAME 41 (top of page 40).

FRAME 105. POINT OF DEPARTURE. A point of departure is a specific locationwhere a unit crosses the line of departure. It is most often used for a nightattack. Depict a point of departure with a square with the abbreviation "PD"and a number or letter for identification, placed inside and below the "PD."

Depict Point of Departure Number 5, on the LD/LC of Company C, 1stBattalion, 67th Infantry.

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

1-66 1-67 C ─── A 1 X 2 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

LD/LC



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52d Infantry Division

(Mechanized) (APC) 52

1st Infantry Brigade (Mechanized) (BIFV MOUNTED) 1

2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 52d Division (APC).

2-76 1/52

NOTE: When showing the designation or more than one echelon, the size symbolused must correspond with the unit designation shown on the left of the unitsymbol.


1 X 2

1-66 = 1-67

C-A

LD/LC LD/LC

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FRAME 41. The procedure to depict a specific unit is applicable to any sizeunit.

EXAMPLE: Depict a squad-size unit.

┌──────┐ Platoon Company HigherSquad │ │ Section Detachment Troop Echelons of

└──────┘ Battery Command

1 1/A/1-48/1/3

(1st Squad, 1st Platoon A Company, 1st Bn, 48th Inf., 1st Brigade, 3dInfantry Div) (APC).


FRAME 106. Unit and installation symbols combined with objectives,boundaries, and other control measures enables you to quickly and accuratelyportray schemes of maneuver.

Use lateral boundaries in the offense to establish zones of action and tocontrol fires and maneuver of adjacent units. In the offense, lateral

boundaries should extend forward beyond the objective(s) at least to thedepth necessary for coordination of fires in the seizure and consolidationof the objective(s). They should extend rearward to the extent necessaryto ensure sufficient space for the force concerned, to include combatservice support elements, installations, or activities.

The rearward extension of a lateral boundary indicates the rear limit ofunit's territorial responsibility. Battalion level rear boundariesnormally do not draw. However, they may draw rear boundaries if they mustclearly define responsibility for such matters as rear security.

EXAMPLE:LD

│ │ 2

────┼──────── 1 ─────────────── │ OBJ│ 2-76 4

────┼──────── ─────────────── │ │

LD 2-76


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FRAME 42. Now that you have studied how to construct unit symbols, draw thecomplete symbol for the units described below.

(Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (APC).

(1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (BIFV MOUNTED).

(1st Squad, 1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1stBrigade, 52d Division) (APC).



FRAME 107. Company A (on the left) and C (on the right) 2-76 Mech have eachbeen assigned (objective 5 & 2 respectively) in the battalion's zone ofaction; depict a lateral boundary as a control measure between the companies.

OBJ OBJ 2-76 = 2-78

2 x 1 5 2

LD/LC LD/LC

NOTE: ENSURE ACCURACY WHEN PLACING BOUNDARIES.



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FRAME 43. When depicting a unit size symbol for a combat service supportelement, observation post, or combat service support installation or activity,the size symbol must be that of the unit to which the installation or trainsis organics. Show the size symbol above the identification for the trains,installation, or observation post.

EXAMPLE:

CBT 1-66

(Task Force Combat Trains) (Aid Station, 1st Battalion,66th Infantry)

x1 1-66

(Brigade Trains, 1st Brigade) (Observation Post, 1stBattalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 44. In most situations omit branch designation of the parent unit ofthe aid station because it is not essential to the basic function of the aidstation. In rare instances, you could show the branch designation under theunit designation.

EXAMPLE:x1-66

Infantry Crossed Pack Straps.


FRAME 108. In the defense, the extension of boundaries forward and to therear of the FEBA indicates the limit of territorial responsibility of a unit.Extend lateral boundaries between forward committed brigades forward to the:

range of direct support artillery fires limits ofground observation WHICHEVER IS GREATER

EXAMPLE: x MBA FEBA CFA2x13 FEBA

(Extension of brigade boundaries)

NOTE: MARK THE SIZE AND UNIT DESIGNATION OF DEFENSIVE LATERAL BOUNDARIES THESAME AS OFFENSIVE LATERAL BOUNDARIES.


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A 2-76

(Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (APC).

1 A/2-76

(1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry) (BIFV MOUNTED).

1 1/A/2-76/1/52

(1st Squad, 1st Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry, 1stBrigade, 52d Division) (APC).


OBJ OBJ5 2

2 x 1 AC 2-76 = 2-78

LD/LC LD/LC

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FRAME 45. Draw the following symbols:

Task Force 2-76 (Mech) Trains:

Observation Post 1st Battalion, 48th Infantry (Mech)

1st Brigade Trains (Mech)

2d Battalion, 48th Infantry Aid Station:

For answers, see top of page 45.


FRAME 108. In the offense, extend the lateral boundary between battalionsfrom the LD forward to whatever distance the brigade commander desires toextend battalion responsibility in area of operations.

2 LDx1

1-1-

1x2 LD


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1-48 2-76

(OP 1st Bn 48th Inf Mech) (Task Force 2d Bn, 76th Inf Mech Trains)

x1 2-48

(1st Brigade Mech Trains) (Aid-station 2d Bn 48th Inf)

FRAME 110. UNITS ASSIGNED SECURITY MISSIONS. Graphically portray unitsassigned security missions by the symbol for the unit with flash arrows. Theflash arrows indicate generally the terrain where the unit will operate andthe extension of its mission. Draw the symbol so that it can be easily readas the map is held to the north, its normal position.

EXAMPLE:

(Portrayal of units assigned security missions)(Infantry Scouts - NonMech)

This is a technique for showing a unit performing a security mission, but itdoes not indicate specifically the type of security mission being performed,e.g., screening or guarding. The oral or written orders must include thespecific mission of units assigned security missions as well as instructionsconcerning how to conduct the mission.


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FRAME 46. A brigade normally operates one train area; therefore, only thebrigade designation is necessary to identify the trains. Draw the symboldescribed below.

(Brigade Trains, 1st Brigade, 21st Inf Div)

Proceed to top section of page 47 for answer.

FRAME 47. A combat battalion operates two trains, a combat trains, and fieldtrains. When depicting these trains, it is necessary to use furtheridentification to avoid confusion. Therefore, abbreviate and depict to theleft of the trains symbol, combat, or field.

FLD 1-66 CBT 1-66

(Field Trains, 1st Battalion, (Combat Trains, 1st Battalion,66th Infantry) 66th Infantry)


FRAME 111. Depict a security mission for the Scout Platoon, 2-76 Mech alongthe battalion's left flank from the LD/LC to Objective 893.

OBJ

2-78 = 2-76 893 A-C 1X3

LD/LC LD/LC



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Answer to FRAME 46 on page 46.

X1/21

(Brigade, Trains, 1st Brigade, 21st Inf Division).

FRAME 48. When the same unit has several observation posts, number them asillustrated:

(Observation Post #1, 1st (Observation Post #2, 1stBattalion, 66th Infantry) Battalion, 66th Infantry)


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FRAME 49. Use the symbols studied thus far on situation maps and overlays toportray friendly or enemy units, installations, or activities.Standardization of techniques is essential to relay information without beingmisunderstood.

PRESENT LOCATIONS. A solid line symbol represents the present location ofa unit or installation. The center of the symbol should be the locationof the unit.

EXAMPLE:┌────────┐

│ │ └────────┘

(The location of an infantry battalion).


FRAME 112. COLORS. Colors in conjunction with military symbols denote thefollowing:

1. Blue or Black Friendly units, installations, equipment

and activities.

2. Red Enemy units, installations, equipmentand activities.

3. Yellow Friendly or enemy areas of NBCcontaminations.

4. Green Friendly or enemy man-made obstacles.


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FRAME 50. A broken line on the outside of a symbol - - - indicates a futureor proposed location for units, command posts, combat service supportelements, installations, or activities, and observation or listening posts.

EXAMPLES:

2-76 2-76

(Future or proposed location (Future or proposed location of aof a battalion task force medical installation.command post).

FRAME 51. Also depict the staff of a proposed command post symbol with abroken line. Draw the branch or duty performed symbol within the basicsymbol, unit designation, and size symbol with solid lines. The base of thestaff reflects the location.


FRAME 113. When possible depict OBSTACLES in Green. They include thefollowing:


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FRAME 52. Using the appropriate techniques, depict the future or proposedlocation of Team ALFA, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry and Combat Trains,TF 2-76, (2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry).

For answers, see top of page 52.


FRAME 114. Depict minefields as accurately as possible. If available, drawsize number, boundaries, etc. to scale.

EXAMPLE:

Minefield of 400 mixed antitank andantipersonnel mines.

Unfence antitank minefield.

Minefield of 600 mixed mines with a lane(8 meters wide) and a gap (greater than16m, but less than 100m wide).


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FRAME 53. To depict the location of a unit, the center of mass of the symbolindicates the general vicinity of the center of mass of the unit.

EXAMPLE:│ │ │ │

51 ──┼──────51────────┼──────51───────┼───────51───────┼─ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ ┌──────┐ │ │ │ │ A│ │1-66 │ │ │ │ └──────┘ │ │ │

50 ──┼──────50────────┼──────50───────┼───────50───────┼─ │ │ │ │

47 48 49 50

(Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry is at grid coordinate 473504).


FRAME 115. When possible, show NBC contaminated areas in yellow as follows:

Biological

Persistent Chemical Radioactive

Show beginning (BF) and end (EF) offallout in box.

Show intensity (rad/hr) insidetriangular signs.


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(Future or proposed location Team ALFA, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry)

(Future or proposed location of Combat Trains TF 2-76 (2d Battalion (Mech),76th Infantry)

FRAME 116. Depict fortified areas as follows:

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FRAME 54. To depict location of a command post, the point at which the staffends indicates the exact location of the command post.

EXAMPLE:

│ │ │ │40 ──┼──────40────────┼──────40───────┼───────40───────┼─

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

30 ──┼──────30────────┼──────30───────┼───────30───────┼─ │ │ │ │

48 49 50 51

(The future location of the Command Post, Team DOG, 2d Battalion(Mech, 78th Infantry will be at grid coordinates 483394).

FRAME 55. As you observed, the center of mass of a unit symbol and the pointat which the staff of a command post symbol ends indicates present and futureor proposed locations.


FRAME 117. Orienting the overlay. To readily communicate information on anoverlay from one location to another location, you must properly orient theoverlay. The use of marginal data and grid register marks combine tocorrectly position the overlay on the correct map. The marginal data providesthe map sheet. The grid register marks use the grid reference lines of themap sheet to position the overlay on the map.

Grid register marks(normally upper left/lowerright corners).

As a minimum, place two marks in opposite corners.


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FRAME 56. The center of an aid station symbol indicates its exact location.The center of other combat service support installation or activity symbolsindicates a general location.

│ │ │ │40 ──┼──────40────────┼──────40───────┼───────40───────┼─

│ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ 1-66 │ │ 1-58 │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │ │

39 ──┼──────30────────┼──────30───────┼───────30───────┼─ │ │ │ │

48 49 50 51

(The Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry is at grid coordinates 487394and the artillery ammunition service support installation vicinity of 507396).


FRAME 118. ENEMY FORCES. As a general rule, use U.S. military symbols todepict enemy units. When possible, depict enemy symbols in RED. If only one

color is available, outline enemy symbols in double lines.

EXAMPLES:

(Enemy Division) (Enemy observation post)

NOTE: A question mark used with an enemy symbol indicates unconfirmedinformation. The positions of the question marks shows what unconfirmedinformation. No notation is made for unknown information.

EXAMPLE:

(Infantry unit, The size of thesize unidentified) (All information shown enemy infantry

is unconfirmed) unit is uncon-firmed).


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FRAME 57. Often, units and installations locate in close proximity, and it isdifficult to graphically depict their location. To avoid cluttering symbolsand preserve clarity, use the offset technique. When using the offsettechnique in conjunction with unit, trains, installation or activity, andobservation or listening post symbols, extend a line vertically from thebottom center of the symbol. The staff may be straight or it may be bent onetime in any direction as illustrated. The point at which the offset endsindicates the location.

EXAMPLES:

(Location of a unit) (Location of a trains)

(Location of an installation) (Location of an observation orlistening post)


FRAME 119. Draw the appropriate symbol for the enemy units described below.

(Enemy infantry regiment, size unconfirmed).

(Enemy tank unit size unidentified).



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FRAME 58. You may use the offset technique to indicate either future proposedor present locations. To depict future locations, draw the staff with abroken line. To depict a command post symbol, add an offset line to the staffof the command post symbol. The staff of the command post symbol mustinitially extend vertically from the lower left corner of the symbol.

EXAMPLE:

(Future or proposed location of a command post)

FRAME 59. When a symbol indicating exact locations is offset, the offsetstaff indicates the exact location. If a symbol indicating a general locationis offset, the general location is at the point where the offset staff ends.The offset technique by itself does not increase precision or exactness oflocation.

FRAME 60. TACTICAL CONTROL MEASURES. This portion of the text explainstechniques and graphic portrayal of control measures used to depict offensiveand defensive schemes of maneuver.



(Enemy infantry regiment, size unconfirmed)

(Enemy Tank unit size unidentified)

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FRAME 61. ASSEMBLY AREAS. An assembly area is the area where a unitassembles to prepare for further action. Enclose assembly areas with a lineand place the unit symbol within the symbol. The closed line indicates theouter limits of troop disposition. Show an occupied assembly area with asolid line. The unit CP symbol may be used if the CP location. A future orproposed assembly area is shown with a broken line.

EXAMPLE:

(Assembly Area, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 62. Depict the Command Post, Aid station, and Combat Trains, 2dBattalion (Mech), 76th Infantry within the closed line below.



FRAME 120. WEAPON SYMBOLS. You can also use symbols to indicate the type andlocations of a weapon or group of weapons. When a weapon symbol appears on a

map or overlay, the base of the shaft indicates the location of the weapon.

EXAMPLES:


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FRAME 63. Depict a proposed assembly area to be occupied by 1st Battalion,66th Infantry.



FRAME 121. Example of military weapons:

CALIBER

LIGHT MEDIUM HEAVY


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Answer to FRAME 62 (middle of page 57).

In order to show the command post, aid station, and combat trains withinthe closed line, you had to use the offset technique.

FRAME 122. Weapons symbols.


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Answer to FRAME 63 (on page 58).

(Proposed Assembly Area, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)

FRAME 123. MISSILE OR ROCKET SYMBOLS.

SIZELIGHT MEDIUM HEAVY


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FRAME 64. ATTACK POSITION. An attack position is the last covered andconcealed position short of the line of departure occupied by elements toallow final coordination and to deploy in the initial attack formation.Enclose attack position with a solid line with the abbreviation "ATK" in thesymbol. When necessary, use unit designation, number, or code name foridentification.

EXAMPLE:

(Attack Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry)


FRAME 124. TANKS AND TRACK VEHICLES SYMBOLS.

SIZELIGHT MEDIUM HEAVY


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FRAME 65. Based on the information provided, complete the symbol below.

(Attack Position, Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry)


FRAME 125. Draw the symbol used for:

Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon .

Heavy Mortar .

Light Gun/Howitzer .

Heavy Missile in Antitank Role .

Heavy Automatic Infantry Weapon .

Medium Mortar .

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FRAME 66. ASSAULT POSITION. An assault position is the position whereelements are deployed into their final formation before the assault on theobjective. A solid line encloses assault positions with the abbreviation ASLTPSN in the symbol. USED ONLY BY DISMOUNTED INFANTRY.

EXAMPLE:

ASLT PSNB-2-48

(Assault Position B Company, 2d Bn., 48th Infantry)



Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon .

Heavy Mortar .

Light Gun/Howitzer .

Heavy Missile in Antitank Role .

Heavy Automatic Infantry Weapon .

Medium Mortar .

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ATKA/1-67 INF

(Attack Position, Company A, 1st Battalion, 67th Infantry)

SELF-QUIZ

FIRST REQUIREMENT: Describe the symbols shown below.

a. = .

b. = .

c. = .

d. = .

e. = .

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FRAME 67. In addition to the symbols represented with a closed line, thereare miscellaneous areas which also use a closed line. These areas identifytheir purpose within the symbol.

EXAMPLE:

NOTE: You may add numbers, letters, code names, or unit symbols to theabove symbols for identification.


SELF-QUIZ CONTINUED

f. = .

g. = .

h. = .

i. =

(Check your answers on pages 66 and 67 then proceed to requirement on page68).

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FRAME 68. You can use a closed line to represent a variety of miscellaneousareas. These areas identify their purpose within the symbol.

Depict the following areas:

(Area of Operation for Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry).

(A Drop Zone).

(An assault Position).



SELF-QUIZ SOLUTION

SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT REFERENCE FRAME(S)

a. Observation or Listening Post 3 thru 8

b. Command Post 3 thru 8

c. Unit 3 thru 8

d. Combat service support installation or activity3 thru 8

e. Combat service support element of a combat unit3 thru 8

(brigade trains and below)

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AOA/1-66

(Area of Operation for Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)NOTE: If you drew a unit symbol within the AO, you are also correct.

ASLT PSN DZ(An assault position) (A Drop Zone)

SELF-QUIZ CONTINUED (CONT)


f. Medium Automatic Infantry Weapon 120 thru 123

g. Medium Missile in Antitank Role 120thru 123

h. Heavy Gun or Gun/Howitzer120 thru 123

i. 72

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FRAME 69. ABBREVIATIONS. Maps and overlays frequently use abbreviations withmilitary symbols. However, only use standard abbreviations. Where there isno authorized standard abbreviation, spell the word. In either case, use onlycapital letters and all words and abbreviations are parallel (except whenlabeling a route or axis of advance) to the map's east--west grid lines.

EXAMPLE: MORTAR SECTION OF A CO 1-21 INF

MORT A/1-21

HEAVY MORTAR PLATOON OF 2-76 INF

HVYMORT 2-76

SUPPORT PLATOON OF 1-36 INF (MECH)

SPT 1-


SECOND REQUIREMENT: Depict the following units and installations:

a. Third Squad, 2d Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry(APC).

b. Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry (MOTORIZED).

c. Team ATLAS, 2d Battalion (MECH), 77th Infantry.

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FRAME 70. Make notations of control measures on operations maps and overlaysto read from left to right with the map held in its normal position (north tothe top). This applies regardless of the position or direction of movement offriendly forces.


REQ #2 (CONT)

d. First Battalion, 68th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 21st Infantry Division.

e. Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 78th Infantry.

f. Command Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 79th Infantry.

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FRAME 71. LINE OF DEPARTURE (LD) is a line designated to coordinate thecommitment of attacking units or scouting elements at a specified time ofattack. An LD is a solid line generally perpendicular to the direction ofattack with the letters LD at either end.

LD │ │ │ │ │

LD

FIRST SUPPORT COORDINATION LINE (FSCL) is a line beyond which all elementsmay attack targets without endangering friendly troops. A line extendingacross the affected sector designates an FSCL.

FSCL

FSCL


REQ #2 (CONT)

g. Field Trains, 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry.

h. Combat Trains, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 80th Infantry.

i. Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 70th Infantry.

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FRAME 72. AXIS OF ADVANCE. Show an axis of advance with an OPEN arrownormally drawn from the line of departure to the objective. It indicates ageneral route to follow. A commander assigned an axis of advance can move toeither side. Show an effective axis of advance with solid lines. Show aproposed axis of advance with broken lines and label it with the effectivedate/time group, if known. A code name or unit designation normallyidentifies an axis of advance.

EXAMPLE:

(Axis of Advance BLUE) (Proposed Axis and Advance ARMOR)

NOTE: Observe the exception to the normal rule or writing (to be read fromleft to right). Also note that the word "Axis" is not written in the symbol.


REQ #2 (CONT)

j. Aid Station, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 81st Infantry.

k. Observation Post, 1st Battalion, 71st Infantry.

l. Observation Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 82d Infantry.

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FRAME 73. Organization of the battlefield in the defense. At division andcorps level, the battlefield is normally organized into three areas.

FEBA ┌─────┬─────────────XX───────X──────XX────── │ │

│ X│ │ │ ├─────────────X────────X──────────────X │ X X│ │ │ ├─────────────X────────X──────────────

│ │ │ X│ │ └─────┴─────────────XX───────X───── XX──────

FEBA

Proceed to FRAME 73. REAR MAIN BATTLE COVERING FORCEAREA AREA AREA


a. Third Squad, 2d Platoon, Company A, 2d Battalion (Mech), 38,39,4176th Infantry (APC)

b. Company A, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry (MOTORIZED). 38,39,41

c. Tm ATLAS, 2d Battalion (Mech), 77th Infantry (APC). 15,19,41

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FRAME 74. DEFENSIVE POSITIONS. A line broken at the rear of the positions toindicate the size of the unit occupying that position encloses defensepositions, such as battle positions. The closed side of the symbol orientstoward the most likely enemy approach. Enter the military symbol of thedefending unit in the center of the enclosed area, either through directplotting or by offsetting. Use the defending unit CP symbol, if the CPlocation is known.

EXAMPLE:

(CP, Company C, 1st Bn, 66th Infantry)(Battle Position, Company C, 1st Battalion, 66th Infantry)


SOLUTION TO THE FIRST REQUIREMENT (CONT) REFERENCE FRAME(S)

d. First Battalion, 68th Infantry, 1st Brigade, 21st InfantryDivision (APC) 38,39,41

e. Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 78th Infantry (APC) 15,19,41

f. Command Post, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 15,19,4179th Infantry (APC)

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FRAME 75. Show proposed or prepared, but unoccupied, defensive positions witha broken line.

FRAME 76. Depict the defensive positions described below.

(Proposed Battle Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry (APC)

For answer, see page 75.



g. Field Trains, 1st Battalion, 69th Infantry 43,45

h. Combat Trains, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech),80th Infantry 43,47

i. Aid Station, 1st Battalion, 70th Infantry 35,44

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(Proposed Battle Position, Company B, 2d Battalion (Mech), 76th Infantry).

The proposed battle position which you depicted should include the unitsymbol of the defending unit.

GO BACK TO PAGE 3START WITH FRAME 77


j. Aid Station, Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech), 35,44

81st Infantry

k. Observation Post, 1st Battalion, 71st Infantry 43,47

l. Observation Post Task Force, 2d Battalion (Mech),82d Infantry 43,48

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78

To assist you and reinforce what you have learned, COMPLETE REQUIREMENTS 3AND 4 contained at the end of this programmed text.

THIRD REQUIREMENT: PRACTICAL EXERCISE (OFFENSIVE GRAPHICS)

1. GENERAL SITUATION:

a. The 52d Infantry Division (Mech) attacking east has advanced to a line10-12 kilometers east of the FULDA River.

b. Task Force (TF) 2-76, a part of the 1st Brigade, 52d Infantry Division(Mech), attacked to the east against light, but increasing enemy resistance.At 1600 hours, stubborn enemy defense temporarily halted the attack. Brigadeissued an operations order to renew the attack tomorrow at 0600.

2. SPECIAL REQUIREMENT: The S3 is now preparing the written operationsorder. He requested that you prepare the overlay that will accompany theorder. You need to depict the following information on the overlay. Depictthe following graphics on the monoline map located on page 77.

a. TM ALPHA and TM BRAVO are on the LD/LC. TM ALPHA is on the north andTM BRAVO on the south. Both teams (TM) are controlled by a mech companyheadquarters element.

b. TM TANK (Armored Company) is in reserve and is in the assembly area inthe vic NB478150.

c. The Task Force (TF) command post is within TM TANK's assembly area,the CP's exact location is NB 479144. The CP's proposed new location will beNB559193.

d. The TF combat trains are presently in vic NB469128. Their proposednew locations will be NB550173.

e. The aid station is in vic NB471127.

f. The Mortar platoon is in vic NB503149. Their proposed new location isNB558183.

g. The unit on our left will be the 2-77 (Mech) and the unit on our rightwill be the 2d Brigade.

h. TM ALPHA objective will be OBJ 1 vic NB585200. TM BRAVO's objectivewill be OBJ 2 vic NB595189.

i. Contact points will be in vic NB579210 (#6) and NB603177 (#7).

j. Check points will be in vic NB533175 (#15), NB546156 (#16), NB564189(#17), and NB477169 (#18).

3. SOLUTION TO REQUIREMENT FOLLOWS.

4. SOLUTION TO THE THIRD REQUIREMENT:

a. A company boundary between the two units and properly labeledindicates what units are on the LD/LC.

b. The unit symbol must indicate that TM TANK is an armored unit, and itmust indicate that TM TANK is in an assembly area.

c. The unit symbol must indicate that it is a task force and positioned

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within TM TANK assembly area. The outside of the unit symbol indicating theproposed position must be a broken line, to include the staff.

d. The symbol for the combat trains must have the label CBT and indicatethat it is a task force combat train. If using a staff on the proposedlocation, it must come off the bottom center of the symbol.

e. The unit symbol for an aid station must be correct. If using a staff,it must come off the bottom center of the circle.

f. The unit symbol must indicate a platoon-size element and labeled MORT.If you used 4 tubes, you indicated four medium mortars located at thatposition. If using a staff, it should come off the bottom center of thesymbol.

g. The boundary on the left must indicate a battalion-size boundary, with2d Battalion, 77th Infantry on the upper half and TF 2-76 on the lower half.The boundary on the right is a brigade-size boundary between the 1st and 2dBrigade.

h. Each objective must have the label OBJ and the number given that OBJis either just to the right of OBJ or just below OBJ.

i. Indicate each contact point by a small rectangle with the propernumber inside and a line from the center of the rectangle to the exactlocation.

j. Indicate the four check points by four rectangles with the propernumber indicated inside the rectangles and a point from the bottom center ofthe rectangle to the exact location.

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