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RNG NGP MNCu 1: Ti sao min Bc c RNM km pht trin hn min Nam?S phn b RNM chu nh hng ca cc MT: khng kh, nc, t. min Nam c bin dao ng nhit nh ( 25 -28oC). min Bc c bin dao ng nhit ln (ma ng nhit thp, ma h nhit cao).Lng ma ng vai tr quan trng trong vic cn bng v duy tr m ( pht trin mnh ni c nhiu ma).Cng nh sng thch hp: 3000 3800 kcal/m2/ngy.Thy triu: bin triu trung bnh min Nam cao ( 2-3m) + a hnh bng phng.Min Bc chu nh hng ca gi ma ng Bc hng nm.Cu 2: Loi ng vt chim nhiu nht RNM Cn Gi? Ti sao?Trung tm quan trc v phn tch MT: Khu h ng vt thy sinh khng xng sng l nhiu nht ( c hn 700 loi). V thnh phn dinh dng trong nc thch hp vi cc loi v nhng loi ny chu MT nc mn.Cu 3: Vn su bnh RNM nh hng nh th no? Bin php qun l?Theo thng k ca Vin Khoa hc Lm nghip VN th thnh phn su bnh hi rng c ti Cn Gi t nm 2006 n nm 2007 cho thy c 16 loi su bnh. Trong c 3 loi gy hi chnh l loi su trng gy u bu thn, cnh,Xyleutessp, su nu c dc thnZeuzera confertav xn tcTrirachys bilobulartuschuyn c thn.Bin php: Ban qun l c php t chc thi cng thu gom, cht h, t cc cy ang b su bnh gy hi, cch ly kp thi ngun gy bnh v trnh tnh trng ly lan trn din rng. Tin hnh nghin cu cc loi gy bnh bit cc c im ca chng nhm ngn nga trit .Cu 4: K tn cc loi cy RNM c kh nng hp th kim loi nng?Cc loi cy RNM c kh nng hp th kim loi nng nh cy c, cy bn chua, cy mm,Cu 5: Ramsar v RNM ni no a dng sinh hc hn? RNM c hng nhng c ch gi t khi c UNESCO cng nhn l khu d tr sinh quyn?Khu Ramsar a dng sinh hc hn RNM v RNM ch l mt trong nhiu h sinh thi ca vng t ngp nc.* C ch: - L mt phng th nghim cho cc chuyn gia nghin cu ngoi nc, m rng nghin cu quc t.- Nhn c cc ngun bo tr t cc t chc. cc t chc phi chnh ph th gii u t kinh ph trang b h thng pin nng lng mt tri cp in cho 155 h lao ng gi rng cng vi 14 tiu khu bo v rng.- Ch giao t giao rng: giao cho cc h gia nh thng qua hp ng giao khon.RAMSAR TRM CHIM1. C quan qun l nh nc no trc tip qun l vn quc gia?Trc nm 2003Vic qun l cc khu bo tn t ngp nc c quy nh nh sau- B NN&PTNT v cc tnh chu trch nhim v rng c dng.- B Thu sn chu trch nhim xy dng h thng cc khu bo tn bin ca Vit Nam. - B Ti nguyn v Mi trng (Cc Bo v mi trng) chu trch nhim v cc vng t ngp nc cc khu Ramsar.T nm 2003 n nay (ngh nh 109/2003ND-CP)Vic qun l cc khu bo tn t ngp nc c quy nh nh sau:- B Ti nguyn v Mi trng c trch nhim xy dng trnh ban hnh hoc ban hnh theo thm quyn cc chnh sch, vn bn quy phm php lut v cc khu bo tn t ngp nc; thanh tra, kim tra vic thc hin chnh sch, php lut v bo tn t ngp nc v l c quan u mi quc gia ch o thc hin Cng c Ramsar.(iu 15, khon 1)- B Nng nghip v Pht trin nng thn, B Thu sn ch o v t chc qun l cc khu bo tn t ngp nc c tm quan trng quc t, quc gia. (iu 15, khon 1)2. Qun x mm mc l g? Cc khu ramsar khc c qun x mm mc ny hay khng?- y l mt loi c lu nm ca cc vng m ly, t thp, c thi k ngp nc ngt khng di, mc ngp t nhng m gn nh quanh nm.- Hnh dng: c ng hay b gc, cao 0,3-1,2, thng phn nhnh gc vi thn hay dp, mm rut tm.- L: l hnh mi mc, u nhn, l di 10-25cm, rng 1cm, phin phng v cng, rn hay c lng mm, mp bn, b l trn gc- Hoa: hoa to thnh cm gm 2-3 chm thng, di 5-12cm, mu vng- Tri: tri hnh xoan thun, hi dt- Ni sng: mc hoang n , Myanma, Nam Trung Hoa, Campuchia, Lo, thng gp vng ng bng v Trung Du Vit Nam, ph bin ng Thp.3. Lut a dng sinh hc 2008 n nay cn hiu lc hay khng?Lut a dng sinh hc Ban hnh ngy 13 thng 11 nm 2008 v chnh thc c hiu lut ngy 1 thng 7 nm 2009 n nay vn cn hiu lc.4. Ngi dn c khai thc bao su trong khu ramsar Trm Chim?- Ngi dn ch c khai thc trong vng m v c s cho php ca c quan qun l.- Vng m c chia lm 2 loi: vng m trong v vng m ngoi- Vng m trong: ca khu rng c dng khng vt qu 5% tng din tch rng c dng (iu 4, khon 3, im b)- Vng m ngoi: ca khu bo tn bin l vnh ai bo v trn bin pha ngoi ca khu bo tn bin c rng ti thiu l 500 m v ti a l 1000 m tnh t ranh gii ngoi ca khu bo tn (iu 5 khon 4, im b)- Ban qun l khu rng c dng, khu bo tn bin phi hp vi chnh quyn a phng xc nh phm vi, ranh gii, quy m din tch ca vng m trong ca khu rng c dng, khu bo tn bin ph hp vi cc quy nh ti iu ny v th hin trn bn , cm mc, th phao ranh gii r rng trn thc a.(chng 2 , iu 4, khon 4) Vng m trong:Ci thin sinh k cho ngi dn, thu ht h tham gia cc hot ng bo tn ca khu rng c dng, khu bo tn bin theo phng thc ng qun l (chng 2, iu 4, khon 2, im c) Vng m ngoi: Ci thin sinh k cho ngi dn, thu ht h tham gia cc hot ng bo tn ca khu rng c dng, khu bo tn bin theo phng thc ng qun l (Chng 2, iu 5, khon 3, im c)Vn Quc gia Trm Chim phn ra 6 l vi din tch 150ha ti cc phn khu cc h dn ny vo nh bt, khai thc thu sn hng ngy t lc 6 gi n 18 gi KHONG SN THANCu 1: Phn bit b than v m than?M than l nhng phn v tri t c cu trc c trng,trong than tp trung v mt s lng khai thc,v mt cht lng m bo cc yu cu s dng cho mt hoc nhiu ngnh cng nghipM than ni sinh: thnh to do cc qu trnh a cht, a ha din ra phn su ca v tri t trong nhng iu kin nhit v p sut cao, chi phi bi nng lng bn trong ca tri t (ni lc)M ngoi sinh: thnh to do cc qu trnh a cht, a ha din ra trn b mt t, c s tham gia ca nc mt v nc ngm, khng kh v sinh vtB than:Trong trng hp m than chim mt din tch ln th gi l cc vng m, bn hay b Din tch ca b than thay i trong phm vi rng t vi chc nghn n vi trm nghn Km2Cu 2: Phn bit khong sn v khong cht?Khong sn: l ti nguyn trong lng t, trn mt t di dng nhng tch t t nhin khong vt, khong cht c ch th rn, th lng, th kh; c th s dng cho cuc sng v mang li li ch cho s pht trin kinh t x hi. Khong vt, khong cht bi thi ca m m sau ny c th c khai thc li, cng l khong sn.Khong cht: l cc n cht, hp cht ha hc tn ti trong khong vt.Khong vt: l cc hp cht ha hc hoc nguyn t ha hc c thnh to do cc qu trnh a cht v ha l xy ra trong t nhin, c tnh cht vt l v ha hc xc nh. Khong vt c th trng thi rn, lng, kh.Cu 3: Loi than c tr lng ln nht vn?- Than nu c tr lng ln nht.- Tr lng d bo: 210 t tnCu 4: Ti sao min Bc tp trung nhiu than hn min Nam?Cc m than thng tp trung cc t gy ln m VN tp trung ch yu min Bc nh: t gy Cao Bng Lng Sn t gy ng M - Thi Nguyn, t gy sng Hng, t gy sng C,Cc vng b sit p mnh khi xy ra vn ng un np cng l ni tp trung m nh vng gia sng Cu v sng Gm, gia sng v sng M.Cu 5: Ti sao than bn c nhiu min Nam?Qu trnh hnh thnh than bn c xy ra ti cc m ly t, ngy nay l cc vng trng ngp nc c nhiu i t gy sng Hu v thm lc a, nht l thm lc a Nam B. Trong c U Minh Thng v U Minh H, chim u th trong cc khu vc thp nht ca vng trng nyCu 6: Ti sao VN cha khai thc than nu?ng dng ca than nu?a cht ng bng sng hng rt phc tp: t sng hng rt mm xp khin cng tc o bi d dng nhng kh nng chng gi l than li rt kh VN ang nghin cu iu kin kin to ca va than nghin cu cng ngh khai thc thit k ph hp.ng dng: Do kh nng sinh nhit thp nn than nu t khi c vn chuyn xa, thng s dng trong nhit in, cho sinh hot, hoc bin than thnh nhin liu dng khCu 7: Nguyn nhn cn kit khong sn than?
Cu 8: Ti sao VN vn cha tham gia EITI?Vit Nam phi i mt vi khng t nhng kh khn trong l trnh tin ti thc hin EITI:1. Tr ngi v th ch v thc thi php lut: vic thc thi lut php Vit Nam vn cn l mt khong cch ln do vic trin khai, gim st php lut v ch ti x pht cn chm tr, lng lo v nhiu hn ch2. Tr ngi xut pht t vn tranh chp lnh hi mt s khu vc khai thc du m khu vc Bin ng. 3. S chi phi ca cc nhm li ch trong cng nghip khai khong4. Tr ngi v ti chnh v ngun lc.Cu 9: Gii thch v c ch xin cho?Theo lut khong sn 2010iu 53. Nguyn tc v iu kin cp Giy php khai thc khong sn1. Vic cp Giy php khai thc khong sn phi bo m cc nguyn tc sau y:a) Giy php khai thc khong sn ch c cp khu vc khng c t chc, c nhn ang thm d, khai thc khong sn hp php v khng thuc khu vc cm hot ng khong sn, khu vc tm thi cm hot ng khong sn, khu vc d tr khong sn quc gia;b) Khng chia ct khu vc khong sn c th u t khai thc hiu qu quy m ln cp Giy php khai thc khong sn cho nhiu t chc, c nhn khai thc quy m nh.2. T chc, c nhn c cp Giy php khai thc khong sn phi c cc iu kin sau y:a) C d n u t khai thc khong sn khu vc thm d, ph duyt tr lng ph hp vi quy hoch quy nh ti cc im b, c v d khon 1 iu 10 ca Lut ny. D n u t khai thc khong sn phi c phng n s dng nhn lc chuyn ngnh, thit b, cng ngh, phng php khai thc tin tin ph hp; i vi khong sn c hi cn phi c Th tng Chnh ph cho php bng vn bn;b) C bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng hoc bn cam kt bo v mi trng theo quy nh ca php lut v bo v mi trng;c) C vn ch s hu t nht bng 30% tng s vn u t ca d n u t khai thc khong sn.iu 78. Khu vc u gi quyn khai thc khong sn1. u gi quyn khai thc khong sn thc hin cc khu vc hot ng khong sn, tr khu vc c c quan nh nc c thm quyn khoanh nh l khu vc khng u gi quyn khai thc khong sn.2. Chnh ph quy nh tiu ch khoanh nh khu vc khng u gi quyn khai thc khong sn.iu 79. Hnh thc, nguyn tc, iu kin, th tc u gi quyn khai thc khong sn1. Hnh thc u gi quyn khai thc khong sn bao gm:a) u gi quyn khai thc khong sn khu vc cha thm d khong sn;b) u gi quyn khai thc khong sn khu vc c kt qu thm d khong sn c c quan nh nc c thm quyn ph duyt.2. Chnh ph quy nh nguyn tc, iu kin, th tc u gi quyn khai thc khong sn. KIM LOI1. im qung va tu khoangTu khoang: bao gm rng rai cac loai khoang vt co ich, va qung. Bao gm cac san phm ia cht hu c hay v c co li cho loai ngi v mt kinh tim qung: nghia hep hn chi tp hp nhng khoang vt co ich, t o ly ra kim loai, phi kim hay hp kim, hp cht cua chung hoc mt s nguyn liu, khoang vt dung trc tip khng cn ch luynVd: + a hoa, granit ( VLXD) + a vi ( ximng ) + than, du hoa2. Qua trinh hinh thanh mt loai kim loai cu th
3. Khi bi nh hng n bin i kh hu:Bi khi c to ra trong qu khai thc, vn chuyn khong sn. Bi gp phn chnh vo nhim do ht l lng v cc sol kh, n hp th gi nhit v lm gim trong sut ca kh quyn, tc l lm gim bt tm nhn. Ngn s pht x nhit lm cho tri t nng ln lm bin i kh hu.4. Khai thc khong sn th nhn t no b nh hng nhiu nht?nh hng nhiu nht l t v phi o xi xi vo su trong t, gy mt kt cu t, st l, nhim ngun nc ngm. Mt i ni sinh sng ca cc loi ng thc vt.5. Nhng lut no c qun l n khong sn? Thng t03/2015/TT-BTNMTquy nh v thm d v phn cp tr lng, cp ti nguyn khong sn vng gc Thng t s 33/2010/TT-BTNMT quy nh v thm d, phn cp tr lng v ti nguyn cc m qung st Ngh nh s 74/2011/N-CP, ngy 25/8/2011 ca Chnh ph: Quy nh chi tit v ph bo v mi trng i vi khai thc khong sn Quyt nh 3209/Q-BCT v vic b sung Quy hoch phn vng thm d, khai thc, ch bin v s dng qung thic, vonfram v antimom giai on 2007 - 2015, c xt n nm 2025 Quyt nh 176/2006/Q-TTg v vic ph duyt Quy hoch thm d, khai thc, ch bin v s dng qung ch, km giai on 2006 - 2015, c xt n nm 20206. Lut c th?Lut mi trng 2005iu 32: Bo v mi trng trong kho st, thm d, khai thc, s dng ti nguyn thin nhiniu 44: Bo v mi trng trong hot ng khong snB lut hnh s: iu 182: Quy nh ti gy nhim v mc x phtLut t ai 2003: iu 94 quy nh v t s dng cho hot ng khong sn Lut khong sn 2010im d- khon 2 iu 23: Bo v mi trng, khong sn v ti nguyn khc trong qu trnh iu tra c bn a cht v khong sn.Khon 2- iu 39: n thm d khong sn phi c thm nh trc khi cp giy phep theo quy nh ca B tTi nguyn v Mi trungKhon 3 iu 58 : Quy nh cp giy php khai thc khong snim k khon 2 iu 80 Thanh tra, kim tra, x l vi phm php lut v khong sn theo thm quyniu 83. Thanh tra chuyn ngnh v khong snTHY INCu 1: Th no l p cp 2, cp 3 ?Thng t 10/2013/TT-BXD Quy nh chi tit mt s ni dung v qun l cht lng cng trnh xy dng
Cu 2: C quan kim sot x lVic qun l thy in chng cho gia cc b, c quan qun l: B Ti nguyn mi trng qun l v ti nguyn nc B Nng nghip v pht trin nng thn qun l v vic quy hoch thy li ni chung B cng thng quy hoch v thy in, trong Vin nng lng thuc b cng thng c cc nhim v: - Nghin cu khai thc cc cng trnh thy in t hiu qu tng hp, m bo an ton cng trnh v h lu- Nghin cu nng cp, hin i ha, t ng ha trong xy dng v qun l vn hnh cc cng trnh thy in- Th nghim thy lc cc cng trnh thy in- Xy dng quy trnh vn hnh cc h cha, p trn, iu tit l- Nng cao hiu sut vn hnh cc nh my thy in- nh gi an ton p v iu tit l- Nghin cu, th nghim hin trng cc cng trnh thy in- nh gi mi trng cc nh my thy in, o c cht lng nc, bi lng v tui th h cha...- Thit k, th nghim, xy dng cc gam mu tua bin, thit b cho ni a ha thy in- Th nghim thit b in thy triu- Sn xut cc loi thit b thy in cc nh.- Tham mu v qun l an ton p v iu tit l, qun l thy in nh- Trin khai nghin cu KH&CN v thy in tch nng, in thy triu. Cu 3: Nh my thy in cng sut ln nht nc taCc nh my thy in ln nht ca nc ta l.+ Ha Bnh (trn sng , 1.920MW).+ Yaly (trn h thng sng X Xan, 720MW).+ Tr An (trn sng ng Nai, 400MW).+ Hm Thun - a Mi (trn sng La Ng; Hm Thun 300MW, a Mi 175MW).+ a Nhim (trn sng a Nhim, 160MW).+ Thc B (trn sng Chy, 110MW).+ ang xy dng nh my thy in Sn La (trn sng , 2.400MW).Cu 4: Xy dng p thy inThng t S: 43/2012/TT-BCT Quy nh v qun l quy hoch, u t xy dng d n thy in v vn hnh khai thc cng trnh thy in iu 16. Chng III. Lp D n u t xy dng cng trnh thy in1. Sau khi c c quan c thm quyn cho php u t theo ng quy nh hin hnh, Ch u t d n thy in mi c t chc lp D n u t xy dng cng trnh thy in (sau y gi tt l D n u t).2. Ni dung D n u t thc hin theo quy nh ca php lut v qun l d n u t xy dng cng trnh v phi thc hin cc ni dung sau:a/ iu tra, kho st, nh gi k cc iu kin t nhin (a hnh, a cht, kh tng, thy vn, ng t kin to), dn sinh, kinh t - x hi, giao thng vn ti, cng trnh li in...trong khu vc.b/ Cp nht hin trng v quy hoch khai thc, s dng ti nguyn nc c lin quan trn lu vc, lm c s tnh ton xc nh cc c trng thy vn thit k v quan h lu lng - mc nc ti cc tuyn nghin cuc/ Tnh ton xc nh dng chy ti thiu; c bin php cng trnh m bo x dng chy ti thiu cho h du. iu 17. Chng III. Thm nh, ph duyt D n u t thy iniu 18. Lp, thm nh, ph duyt Thit k xy dng cng trnh thy iniu 19. Khi cng xy dng cng trnh thy inCh u t d n ch c khi cng xy dng cng trnh khi c cc iu kin theo quy nh ti iu 72 ca Lut Xy dng v cc quy nh hin hnh ca php lut c lin quan. Cu 5: Hin tng ng t, thm nc Tp on in lc Vit Nam (EVN) pht i thng co bo chv hin tng thm nc ti p Nh my thu in Sng Tranh 2. y l d n Thy in Sng Tranh 2 do EVN lm ch u t (i din l Ban QLDA Thy in 3), t vn thit k chnh l Cng ty C phn T vn xy dng in 1, tng thu thi cng l Tng cng ty xy dng Thy li 4. Theo khng nh ca EVN,t u thng 2/2012, khi thy xut hin thm nc trong cc hnh lang thu nc vthm ra h lu p, cc n v trn cng trng tin hnh x l thm nhng cha c hiu qu. V vy, nc vn cn chy ra h lu p nh bo ch nu. Ngy 18-20/03/2012, on cng tc ca EVN i kim tra cng trnh thy in Sng Tranh 2 v lm vic vi cc n v trn cng trng v xc nh: nguyn nhn l do nc thm khng c thu gom ht v cc hnh lang thu nc trong thn p dn ra h lu. Tng lu lng thm ca ton cng trnh theo quan trc vo thi im kim tra o c vo khong 30 lt/s. Chiu 17/9/2014, mt trn ng t mnh 3,6 richter khu vc thy in Sng Tranh 2, huyn Bc Tr My, Qung Nam ng t kch thch trong lng h cha ngoi nguyn nhn ng vi ct nc trong vng h, tch nc trong ma ma th cn do cc t gy a phng. Vic cc trn ng t khng dng li lin quan ti nguyn nhn do cc a tng pha di. C th, y l nhng a tng khng n nh, c ch rng. ng t kch thch cng gy ra phn ng dy chuyn gia cc a tng vi nhau
Cu 6: S qun l thy in
Cu 7: Vn quc gia Yok n c p thy in khng D nthy ind kin c xy dng ti vng li ca Vn Quc gia Yok n c tn Thy in Drng Phk do Cng ty C phn u t xy dng v ng dng cng ngh mi (gi tt l cng ty TECCO) TP. H Ch Minh lm ch u t. Ngy 25-8-2009, Th tng Chnh ph c Cng vn s 1479/TTg-KTN v vic chuyn mc ch s dng rng v t lm nghip Vn Quc gia Yok n xy dng Nh my Thy in Drng Phk. n ngy 7-12-2010, B Cng Thng ban hnh Quyt nh s 6404/Q-BCT v vic ph duyt b sung quy hoch bc thangthy intrn sng Srpk. Nh mythy inny c cng sut thit k 28 MW, sn lng in bnh qun trn 100 triu Kwh/nm vi tng mc u t gn 740 t ng. Nu theo thit k ban u, s c 63 ha rngtrongvng li thuc tiu khu 430, 431 v 451 ca Vn Quc gia Yok n phi cht ph xy dng cc hng mc lin quan ca cng trnh. Tuy nhin, theo quy nh, chuyn i trn 50 ha rng phi xin kin ca Quc hi nn ch u t lm li th tc chuyn i di 50 ha rng thay cho 63 ha rng nh h s thit k ban u. Hin d n ang thc hin vic lp bo co nh gi tc ng mi trng trnh B Ti nguyn v Mi trng thm nh ph duyt. D kin, nu c thng qua, d n s khi cng xy dng thng 1-2014 v hon thnh vo thng 1-2016.Cu 8: Thy in pht sinh kh CH4 Trong thp k qua, cc h cha thy in ti cc vng nhit i l ngun pht thi kh Metan (CH4) mt loi kh nh knh c coi l mnh hn kh Cacbon dioxin 1. Kh Metan c sinh ra khi cc vi khun phn hy cht hu c trong t v thm thc vt trong h. Ti cc vng kh hu nhit i, nhng h cha c th pht thi khong t 1-18% kh Metan vo kh quyn. Tuy nhin, lng pht thi ny cha c nh lng v ch mt s lng nh cc h cha c nghin cu v cn cha tnh ht cc con ng pht thi khc. Kh Metan c th c pht thi t cc h vo khng kh qua s khuch tn (khi kh ny khuch tn vi hi nc bc ln t h), khi pht n (l khi bong bng kh to nn t y h v pht n khi ln n mt nc) v pht sinh vng h lu (tnh t cc tua bin) hay qua kh kh (cc yu t lm tng tc chuyn giao Metan vo kh quyn).Tuy nhin, cho n nay, ch c qu trnh khuch tn kh l c nghin cu mt cch h thng, cn cc cch khc th vn cha c nghin cu c th.