Reaksi senyawa hidrokarbonReaksi oksidasiReaksi substitusiReaksi adisiReaksi eliminasiReaksi polimerisasi

1. Reaksi pembakaran / Reaksi oksidasi

CH3-CH3 + 3/2 O2 2C + 3H2O

CH2=CH2 + 2 O2 2C + 2H2O

CHCH + 1/2 O2 2C + H2O

CH3-CH3 + 7/2 O2 2CO2 + 3H2O

CH2=CH2 + 3 O2 2CO2 + 2H2O

CHCH + 5/2 O2 2CO2 + H2O

2. Reaksi substitusi pada alkana

CH4 + Cl2 CH3Cl + HCl

CH3-CH3 +Cl2 CH3-CH2Cl + HCl

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl

CnH2n+2 + X2 CnH2n+1X + HX

3. Reaksi adisi pada Alkena dan Alkunaa. Adisi hidrogen

CH2= CH2 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH3

CH2=CH-CH3 + H2 Ni/Pt CH3-CH2-CH3

CHCH + H2 Ni/Pt CH2=CH2

CHCH + 2H2 Ni/Pt 200c CH3-CH3

b. Adisi halogen CH2=CH2 + Br2 CH2BR-CH2Br etena dibromoetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CHCl-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2,3-diklorobutanaCHCH + Br2 CHBr=CHBr etuna dibromoetena

CH CH+ 2Br2 CHBr2-CHBr2 etuna tetrabromoetanaCHC-CH3 + Br2 CHBr=CBr-CH3 propuna 1,2-dibromopropena

CHC-CH3 + 2Br2 CHBr2-CBr2-CH3 propuna 1,2-tetrabromopropana

c. Adisi asam halidaAlkena simetris

CH2=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2Cl etena kloroetana

CH3-CH=CH-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH3 2-butena 2-klorobutana

CHCH + HCl CH2=CHCl etuna kloroetena (vinilklorida)

CH3-CC-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH=CCl-CH3 2-butuna 2-kloro-2butena

Aturan markovnikov untuk alkena tak simetrisCH3-CH=CH2 + HCl CH3-CH2-CH2Cl % > CH3-CH= CH-CH2 -CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 % >

d. Adisi air pada alkena dan alkunaCH2=CH2 + H2O H2SO4 300C 70 Atm CH3-CH2OH etena etanol

CHCH + H2O H2SO4 60C CH3-CHO etuna etanal

4. Reaksi eliminasi alkana CH3-CH3 panas CH2=CH2 + H2 C3H8 panas CH2=CH2 + CH4

5. Reaksi polimerisasi alkena dan alkunaCH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + CH2=CH2 + -CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2-CH2- etena polietenaCH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + CH2=CHCl + -CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CHCl- kloroetena ( vinilklorida) polivinilklorida

Substitusi halogen pada alkana

CH3-CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3-CH2-CH2Cl + HCl propana kloropropana Adisi halogen & hidrogen pada alkena dan alkuna

CH3-CH2=CH2-CH3 + Cl2 CH3CH2Cl-CH2Cl-CH3 etena 2,3-diklorobutana

CH3-CC-CH3 + H2 CH3-CH=CH-CH3 2-butuna 2-butena

CH3-CC-CH3 + 2 H2 CH3-CH2-CH2-CH32-butuna butana

Adisi asam halida pada alkenaCH3-CH2-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 3-heksena 3-kloroheksana = CH3-CH2-CH2-CHCl-CH2-CH3 3-kloroheksana

CH3-CH=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH2-CH3 2-pentena 2-kloropentena

CH2=CH-CH2-CH3 + HCl CH3-CHCl-CH2-CH3 1-butena 2-klorobutena

Uji diri

Tuliskan hasil reaksiAdisi HCl pada 2-metil-1-butena

Adisi HCl pada 4-etil-2-heksena