recapitulareteorie

8/2/2019 recapitulareteorie

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Never (niciodata) = 0% = It never rains here in August.

Pozitionarea adverbelor de frecventa (How do we use frequency

adverbs in a sentence)The frequency adverb goes between subject and verb.

Monday always comes after Sunday.

3. Present Continuous: se formeaza: vb “to be” la prezent + forma

terminata in “ing” a verbului de conjugat

I am sitting in my car.

She’s watching (is watching) television.Questions and negatives

Are you walking to school today? (vbul la prezent

“be”, + subiect + verbul de conjugat terminat in “ing”)I’m not (am not) walking to school today.

(subiect+”be” prezent + not + “ing”)

Cand il folosim (When do we use it)We use the present continuous to talk about actions

happening at the moment of speaking. (actiuni care se petrec in

momentul vorbirii)Jim is watching television at the moment.

Cum se scrie (spelling)

1. 2 vowels (2 vocale) and ending in 1 consonant

(cu terminatie intr-o consoana) = add “-ing”wait = waiting

2. verbs ending in “e” (terminate in “e”) drop “e”

(renunta la “e”) and add “-ing”

make = makingdecide = deciding

write= writing

3. verbs ending in 1 vowel+1 consonant (terminate

in 1 voc+ 1 cons), double the consonant (dubleaza consoana)

sit = sitting swim = swimming cut = cutting

4. verbs ending “ie” (terminate “ie”), change “ie” to

“y” (“ie” devine “y”)lie = lying tie = tying die = dying

5. verbs ending in 1 vowel and “y” (terminate in 1voc + y), add “-ing”

stay = staying play = playing

say = saying



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4. Present simple # Present ContinuousJoe lives in New York. New York is his home. He lives there all

the time.

We are living near the station at the moment. We want to move toanother house soon.

* Verbs usually used with the Present Simple

cost This bike costs £200.

Like Anna likes rap music.

Know Do you know the answer?

Understand I don’t understand this.

Believe Do you believe me?

* Some verbs have one meaning in the simple form, but a differentmeaning in the continuous form:

Do you have a bike? = Do you own a bike? (general)

I’m having a great time = It’s a great party! (at the moment)

I think this film is great! = I like this film a lot (general)

Quiet! I’m thinking. = I’m doing a diffult exercise (at themoment)

5. Past simple (Timpul trecut, simplu): se formeaza: la verbele regulate prin

terminatia “ed” adaugata infinitivului.Yesterday I watched a great film on TV.

Questions and negatives* “Yes/No” questions: Did you start learning

English last year? (verbul “do” (a face) la past simplu + subiect + vbul de conjugat la

infinitiv “start”)Answer = Yes, I did / No, I didn’t.

* “Wh-“ questions: When did you start learning

English?Answer: I started learning English last year.

* Negatives: I didn’t start…………. (“do” la past simple+ not + vbul de conjugat la infinitiv)

Cand il folosim (When do we use it)

- to describe finished events in the past

(evenimente trecute terminate)John played football last week .

My grandparents moved to Scotland last year .

The bus arrived at 9.30.

In 1998 I decided to move to Australia.

Kate stayed in Turkey last summer .

Yesterday I walked to school.



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Cum se scrie (spelling)Fit = fitted stop = stopped

Cry = cried try = tried

* 2 syllable verbs with the stress in the 1st

syllabledo NOT double the final consonant (verbele din 2 silabe cu accent pe prima NU dubleaza

consoana finala) admit (accent pe a 2a) = admitted answer (accept pe prima) = answered

Alte verbe regulate (Other regular verbs)

Answer listen startArrive live stop

Decide marry turn

Like open watch

* Verbe neregulate (irregular verbs)

go = went eat = atecome = came do = did

have = had get = got

take = took bring = broughtbegin = began drink = drank

find = found fly = flew

give = gave know = knew

make = made meet = metrun = ran sent = sent

stand = stood tell = toldwear = wore

* Past simple of “be”: I was, you were, he/she/it was, we were,they were

II. THERE IS/THERE ARE (aici este/acolo sunt, sens existential)

There is a book on the table. = Este/ se afla o carte pe masa.

Negativ: There isn’t an armchair. There aren’t any flowers.Interogativ: Is there a table? Are there any photos?

III. THIS, THAT, THESE, THOSE

We use this and these to talk about people/things that are near to us. (“This” =“acesta/aceasta” – pl. “these” = “acestea”, pt lucruri/persoane aflate langa noi).

I like this ice-cream. I want these shoes.

We use that and those to talk about people/things that aren’t near to us. (“That” =

“acela/aceea” – pl. “those” = “acelea, aceia”, pt lucruri departe de noi)

Do you like that picture on the wall? Who are those children outside?



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IV. COUNT AND UNCOUNT NOUNS (Substantive numarabile si ne-numarabile)1. Count nouns (Subst numarabile) = we can count them (le putem numara)

a book – two books; an egg – two eggs

- primesc a/an la singular- primesc some/any/not any la plural – “some” = afirmativ; “any” =

interogativ; “ not….any” = negativeThere are some chairs in the other room.Are there any chairs in the other room?

There aren’t any chairs in the other room.

2. Uncount(able)/ mass nouns (Subst nenumarabile) = we cannot count them (nule putem numara)

some coffee some milk some rice some bread

- toate primesc some/any/not any We bought some tea. (niste ceai)

Did you buy any tea?

We didn’t buy any tea.

3. Change of meaning (Schimbare de sens)

a fish = un peste viu some fish = peste gatit

a coffee = o cana de cafea some coffee = cafea boabe

a paper = un ziar some paper = coli de hartie

a wood = o padure some wood = bucati de lemn lucrat

an iron = un fier de calcat some iron = unelte din fier

a glass = un pahar some glass = sticla, geamuri

4. Uncountables with no “s” plural. (Fara “s” la plural)

advice Can I have some advice?

Spaghetti I’d like some spaghetti.

English (language) Your English is good.

Hair Your hair is beautiful.

Furniture This furniture is very modern.

Information Could you give me some information?

Weather The weather is awful

Money The money is on the table.

Luggage My luggage is in the taxi.

5. Other problems (alte probleme)

people There are some people in the garden.There is a person in the garden.

Bread Could you buy a loaf of bread? (We cannot say a

bread)

Fish One fish, two fish, etc.

Police The police are coming! (sg form, pl verb)

News The news is on TV. (pl form, sg verb)



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6. Some nouns are both! (Unele substantive sunt si numarabile si nenumarabile)Do you like ice-cream? (nenumarabil, inghetata in general)

We’d like three ice-creams, please. (numarabil, 3 inghetate)

V. MUCH/MANY (mult)

1. Uncountable: There isn’t much time.Is there much time?2. Countable: There aren’t many seats.

Are there many seats?

3. In informal statements, we use lots of .There is lots of time. There are lots of seats.

4. In formal statements, we use many.

Many people believe in ghosts.

Mr Harrison visited Argentina many years ago.

5. How much/how many?

“How much” = uncountables

How much homework have you got? Lots!How much time have we got? We’ve got fifteen minutes.

How much milk do you want? Not much.

“How many” = countablesHow many pages do you have to read? Ten.

How many brothers and sisters have you got? Two brothers.How many people are there here? A hundred.

How many players are there? Not very many

VI. “SOME” AND “ANY”

Positive: There are some flowers. Some + plural noun

Negative: There aren’t any cups. Any + plural nounQuestion: Are there any books? Any + plural noun

VI. “CAN”, “CAN’T”: verb modal care exprima capacitate, posibilitate (modal of abilityand possibility) = a putea

1. se conjuga: I can, you can, he/she/it can, we can, you can, they can

past: “could” pentru toate persoanele

2. afirmativ (statement): I can swim.Negative: I can’t swim.

Interogativ (question): Can I swim?

3. cannot = (can+not) – in formal writing and speech. (limbaj formal)4. Short answers: Can you see it? Yes, I can. No, I can’t.

5. Tag questions (“Nu-I asa?): You can see it, can’t you?

You can’t see it, can you?



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6. Pentru past (trecut): could .Pentru viitor: be able to.

VII. PREPOSITIONS OF PLACE (prep de loc): on (pe), under (sub, dedesubt), next to(langa), in front of (in fata)

VIII. TIME EXPRESSIONS (expresii temporale):Last night yesterday morning

Monday afternoon

Week evening

Monthyear

in the morning at seven o’clock

September night

Summer weekends1994

the 20th century

on Saturday

Sunday evening

XIX. “DO YOU LIKE?”/ “WOULD YOU LIKE?”Do you like = Iti place?

Would you like = Ai vrea?

1. Do you like tea? = Iti place ceaiul?

Would you like some tea? = Vrei ceai? Sa te servesc cu ceai?

I like biscuits = Imi plac biscuitii.

I’d like a biscuit (I’d = I would) = As vrea un biscuit.

2. Would you like some chips? Can I have some tea?

but: Are there any chips? Is there any tea?

We use some NOT any when we request and offer things.

We use any NOT some on other questions and negatives.

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