(RESEARCH BRIEF) zf]w–;+If]k (RESEARCH BRIEF) · kmf]g )!–$@#*)%) ÍofS; )!–$@$))% ... c° !^ zf]w–;+If]k (RESEARCH BRIEF);fpg @)&@ ... Higher Education Project. Report No

zf]w–;+If]k (RESEARCH BRIEF), c° !^, ;fpg @)&@

lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :jfoQtf

1

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dfl6{g rf}tf/L@& hLth· dfu{, yfkfynL

kf]=a=g+= !#$&)sf7df8f}“, g]kfn

kmf]g )!–$@#*)%)ÍofS; )!–$@$))%([email protected]

www.martinchautari.org.np

zf]w–;+If]k (RESEARCH BRIEF) c° !^;fpg @)&@

तरिभवन ववशवववदयालयमया ववकनदरीकरण र सवयायतततया

;g\ !(() kl5 vf; u/L ljb]zL ;xof]udf g]kfndf pRr lzIff ;'wf/ sfo{qmd nfu"

ul/Fb} cfPsf] 5 . pRr lzIff ;'wf/sf nflu agfOPsf ljleGg ;/sf/L cfof]u, of]hgf

/ sfo{qmdsf] cfnf]sdf lqe'jg ljZjljBfno -lqlj_ df …kl/of]hgfdfk{mtÚ ug{ vf]lhPsf

;'wf/ / tLdWo] klg s]xL lglZrt cjoj — Sni6/, ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :jfoQtf — df of]

zf]w–;+If]k s]lGb|t 5 . vf; u/L plNnlvt tLg sfo{qmdsf d"n Wo]o s] lyP, ltgn] s] slt

-c_;kmntf k|fKt u/] / tL -c_;kmntfsf k5fl8sf sf/0f of] kqdf vf]hL ul/Psf] 5 .

/, ljs]lGb|t÷:jfoQ x'Fb} lqljsf cf+lus SofDk; eljiodf 5'§} ljZjljBfnodf ¿kfGtl/t

x'g;Sg] ;DefjgfnfO{ s]nfOPsf] 5 .

k[i7e"ld

;g\ !(() kl5 -cem eGg] xf] eg] ;g\ !(*) sf] bzs b]lv g}_ pRr lzIff ;'wf/sf hlt

klg gLlt, of]hgf, sfo{qmd agfOP ltgdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f -/ :jfoQtf_ n] k|d'vtf kfPsf] 5 .

oBlk, ;g\ !(&) sf] cf/Dedf nfu" ul/Psf] /fli6«o lzIff k4ltsf] of]hgfn] 7\ofSs} pN6f]

af6f] lnPsf] lyof] . ;f] of]hgf nfu" ePkl5 d'n'ssf ljleGg If]qdf :yfgLo ;lqmotfdf

:yflkt ;a} SofDk;nfO{ s]Gb|Ls[t u/L lqljsf] k|ToIf lgoGq0fdf NofP/ ;/sf/Ls/0f ul/Psf]

lyof] . :yfgLo ;xeflutfdf ;~rflnt sn]hnfO{ gofF lzIff of]hgfdfk{mt /fli6«os/0f /

s]Gb|Ls/0f ubf{ To;n] sn]h ;~rfngdf / ;|f]t kl/rfngdf ePsf] hg;xeflutfnfO{

;dfKt kf/]sf] lyof] .1 ;f] sbd unt ePsf] / pRr lzIf0f ;+:yf -lqljsf sn]h_ sf]

;~rfng -vf;df ;|f]t kl/rfng_ df :yfgLo ;xeflutf rflxg] …l/onfOh];gÚ ;g\ !(*)

;Dd e};s]sf] lyof] .

;g\ !(*# df …zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]uÚn] pRr lzIffaf6 k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq tx

lj:yfkg tyf ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ug{ ;'emfj lbof] . /, ;Fu} d"n l;kmfl/;df

gk/] klg cfof]usf b'O{ ;b:on] klZrdf~rn / k"jf{~rndf gofF ljZjljBfno :yfkgf

ug{'kg]{ kIfdf km/s dt /fv] . k|ltj]bgdf km/s dt /fVg] qmddf æSofDk;x¿nfO{

1 x]g'{xf];\, zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]u . @)$) . zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg . sf7df8f}F M zfxL pRr lzIff

cfof]u .



dfl6{g rf}tf/L

2

:jfoQtf lbg] / :jtGq ¿kdf ;+ul7t u/fpFb} n}hfg]Æ k|:tfj

;d]t ul/Psf] lyof] .2 of] k|ltj]bgn] lqljsf SofDk;nfO{

ljs]lGb|t ug]{ / lglZrt SofDk;nfO{ PsLs[t u/L gofF cnu

ljZjljBfnosf] ¿kdf ljsf; ug'{kg]{ cjwf/0ffnfO{ ax;df

Nofof] . To:t}, ;g\ !(() sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ul7t

lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bgn] æclwsf/sf] s]Gb|Ls/0fÆnfO{ pRr

lzIffsf] Joj:yfkgdf b]vfk/]sf] d'ne"t ;d:of 7DofpFb}

æljZjljBfnosf cf+lus SofDk;x¿nfO{ Joj:yfksLo /

cfly{s :jfoQtf lbg] gLlt lnOg' kg]{Æ ;'emfj lbof] . ;fy},

ælzIf0f ljefu, ;Ífo, cWoog ;+:yfg, sn]h :s"n, ljBfkL7

/ cg';Gwfg s]Gb|x¿sf] cTolws ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / oyf]lrt

dfqfdf clwsf/sf] k|Tofof]hgÆ ug'{kg]{ eGof] .3

ljleGg cfof]u / cGo cfjlws of]hgfdf pRr lzIff

;'wf/af/] p:t} s'/f bf]xf]¥ofOP klg Psftk{m sfof{Gjog–

of]hgfx¿df c;+ult b]lvof] eg] csf]{tk{m ;g\ !(() sf]

kl/jt{g ;Fu;Fu} h:tf] lj:tf/ ePsf] lzIff If]qdf lghL

nufgLn] :s"n / sn]hsf] If]qdf ce"tk"j{ kl/jt{g -lj:tf/_

Nofof] . s]xL gofF ljZjljBfno klg vf]lnP t/ ;fd'bflos

/ cem lghL sn]hx¿sf] ;+Vof XjfQ} a9\of] . 7"nf] ;+Vofdf

d'n'se/ vf]lnPsf To:tf sn]hn] d"ntM lqljaf6 ;DaGwg

2 zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]u . @)$) . zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg .

sf7df8f}F M zfxL pRr lzIff cfof]u . of] cfofusf] k|ltj]bg kl5sf ;a} cfjlws

of]hgfdf / cGo ;/sf/L gLlt, of]hgf / lzIff cfof]usf k|ltj]bgdf lqljnfO{

ljs]lGb|t ug]{ / lglZrt SofDk;nfO{ If]qLo ljZjljBfnosf] ¿kdf ljsf;

ug'{kg]{ ljifon] k|d'vtf kfPsf] b]lvG5 . b/af/sf] rf;f] ePsfn] lqljdftxtsf

;+:s[t k9fOg] SofDk;nfO{ cfwf/ agfP/ ;g\ !(*^ df ;+:s[t ljZjljBfno

:yfkgf ul/of] . k|jL0ftf k|df0fkq txnfO{ ljZjljBfno txaf6 lgsfn]/ :s"n

txdf ldnfpg ;s] tTsfn gofF ljZjljBfno cfjZos gkg]{ 7flgP klg cfpFbf

bzsdf ;f] sfo{ k|fyldstfdf k/]g .3 gofF ljZjljBfno :yfkgfaf/] k|ltj]bgn] ælqljs} SofDk;nfO{ PsLs[t

u/]/ k"jf{~rn, dWodf~rn / klZrdf~rndf PsPs / dWoklZrdf~rn /

;"b'/klZdf~rnsf nflu Ps u/L sDtLdf rf/cf]6f ljZjljBfnox¿ vf]Ng'k5{Æ

eGof] . o;/L vf]lnPsf ljZjljBfno;Fu To; If]qsf k|fljlws ;+:yfg tyf

dxfljBfno ;Da4 ul/g'kg]{ / o;n] Psflt/ gofF ljZjljBfnosf] cfwf/

-ejg÷hgzlQm_ lbg] tyf csf]{tkm{ lqljnfO{ …/fO6 ;fOlhªÚ ug]{ 7flgPsf]

lyof] . x]g'{xf];\, cflzif k':ts e08f/ . ldlt pNn]v gePsf] . /fli6«o lzIff

cfof]usf] k|ltj]bg, @)$( . g]kfnsf lzIff cfof]ux¿sf k|ltj]bgx¿sf] ;+u|x .

k[= $)#—$)$ . sf7df8f}+ M cflzif k':ts e08f/ .

k|fKt u/] .4 o;n] lqljsf] klxn]s} 7"nf] ;fOhnfO{ cem ljzfn

t'Nofof] . oxL sfnv08df, ;g\ !(() sf] nuQ}b]lv, pRr

lzIff ;'wf/sf gfpFdf ljZj a}+ssf] ljQLo ;xof]udf pRr

lzIff kl/of]hgfx¿ klg z'? eP . xfn;Dd b'O{ cf]6f &–&

jif]{ -;g\ !(($—@))! / @))&—@)!$_ kl/of]hgf ;DkGg

e};s]sf 5g\ eg] csf]{ …pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgfÚ o;} jif{

-;g\ @)!%_ b]lv z'? ePsf] 5 .

;'wf/ kl/of]hgf Ps

;g\ !(() sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 g]kfnsf] pRr

lzIff;DaGwdf / vf; u/L lqljnfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL cWoog ug{

ljZj a}+s, o'Pgl8kL / g]kfn ;/sf/ ldn]/ Pp6f kl/of]hgf

-;g\ !((@—!((%_ z'? u/] . k|fWofks sdnk|sfz dNnsf]

;+of]hsTjsf] ;f] kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bgn] s]Gb|Ls[t gLlt–

lg0f{o÷k|zf;lgs ;+/rgf / SofDk; ;~rfngdf SofDk;sf]

;Lldt clwsf/nfO{ lqljsf] k|d'v ;d:of dfg]sf] lyof] .5

/, clwsf/sf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf nflu ;a} ljsf; If]qsf Ps

SofDk;nfO{ ln8 SofDk; agfO{ t'NofO{ ;f]xL j/k/ Sni6/

lgdf{0f ug{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . ;f] ln8 SofDk; cGttM 5'§}

ljZjljBfnodf ¿kfGtl/t x'g] kl/sNkgf lyof] .6

t/ of] k|ltj]bg k|sflzt x'Fbf–gx'Fb} g]kfn ;/sf/ /

ljZj a}+saLr ;g\ !((# df pRr lzIff kl/of]hgf -;g\

!(($—@))!_ sf] ;Demf}tf e};s]sf] lyof] . dNn ;+of]hs

4 ;g\ @))$ df lqlj;Fu ;DaGwg/t pRr lzIf0f ;+:yfsf] ;+Vof @*&

lyof] h'g ;g\ @)!# cfOk'Ubf (*! k'u]sf] lyof] . lqljsf cf+lus SofDk;df

eGbf ;DaGwg/t SofDk;df ljBfyL{ egf{ em08} bf]Aa/ k'u]sf] 5 / of] jif]{gL

a9\g] qmddf 5 . x]g'{xf];\, University Grants Commission (UGC). 2014.

Education Management Information System: Report on Higher Education

2012/13 (2069/70) Nepal. P. 51. Kathmandu: UGC.5 dNnsf] ;+of]hsTjsf] pQm kl/of]hgfcGtu{t !* ljleGg cWoog ul/Psf

lyP, h;dWo] pRr lzIffsf] If]qLos/0f -l/hgnfOh];g_ of If]qLo ljsf; /

pRr lzIff Joj:yfkgsf] ljs]Gb|Ls/0f klg lyP .6 pQm k|ltj]bgn] klZrdf~rnsf xsdf kf]v/fl:yt k[YjLgf/fo0f

SofDk;nfO{ ln8 SofDk; agfOg' kg]{ ;'emfj lbPsf] lyof] . To:t} k"jf{~rndf

dx]Gb| df]/ª SofDk;, lj/f6gu/Ù dWoklZrddf dx]Gb| ax'd'vL SofDk;, bfª

/ ;'b"klZrddf s~rgk'/l:yt l;4gfy SofDk; ln8 aGg ;Sg] ;'emfOof] .

Malla, Kamal Prakash. 1995. Tertiary Education in Nepal: An Assessment

of the Structure, Management, Financing, Quality and Physical Facilities.

Pp. 112–113. Kathmandu: HMG/TU/UNDP/World Bank.



3

dfl6{g rf}tf/L

ePsf] kl/of]hgfsf cWoog, ljZn]if0fdf cfwfl/t /xFb}

;f]xL kl/of]hgfn] klxrfg u/]sf pRr lzIff -of lqljsf_

;d:ofdf s]lGb|t /xL tL ;d:ofnfO{ ;'wfg]{ gfpFdf ljZj

a}+ssf] ;xof]udf kl5Nnf] kl/of]hgf cufl8 a9fOPsf] lyof] .7

lqlj / ;/sf/sf tk{maf6 ljZj a}+s -of cfOl8P_ nfO{ k|:t't

ul/Psf] kl/of]hgfsf] …kf]ln;L :6]6\d]G6Údf lqlj -/ ;/sf/_ n]

cWoog ;+:yfg, ;+sfo, cg';Gwfg s]Gb| / SofDk;x¿nfO{

ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf n}hfg], If]qLo ljZjljBfnosf] ljsf; ug{sf

nflu Sni6/ sfo{qmd z'? ug]{ / cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng

ub}{ pRr lzIffdf …s:6 ;]ol/ª / s:6 l/se/LÚ gLltnfO{ nfu"

ug]{ pNn]v 5 .8

of] kl/of]hgfsf] …k|f]h]S6 sDkf]g]G6\;Ú zLif{s cGtu{tsf]

;+:yfut ljsf; sDkf]g]G6df ;f+u7lgs ;'wf/, …Ph's]zgn

Dofg]hd]G6 OGkmd]{zg l;:6d -OPdcfO{P;_Ú / If]qLo Sni6/

ljsf;;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf nflu cd]l/sL 8n/ && nfv

5'§ØfOPsf] lyof] . lqljdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f lgodsf] Joj:yf

ug]{ / c+flus SofDk;nfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf hfg k|f]T;fxg ug]{

nIosf ;fy oL ;xof]u sfo{qmd kl/rfng ug]{ p2]Zo lyof] .

;f]xL cg'¿k klxnf] pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfn] lqlj ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

lgod, @)%% nfO{ ;+:yfut ug{ ;xof]u u¥of] . of] lgoddfk{mt

lqlj s]Gb|df /x]sf clwsf/nfO{ lqljn] cfˆgf] dftxtsf OsfO{

— cWoog ;+:yfg, ;+sfo tyf cg';Gwfg s]Gb|df clwsf/

k|Tofof]hg u5{ . ljs]lGb|t SofDk;sf] sfo{ ;ldltn] lqljn]

tf]s]sf] afx]s cGo yk z'Ns tf]Sg ;Sg] Joj:yf ;f] lgoddf

ul/Psf] 5 . To;}u/L, :yfgLo÷cfGtl/s ;|f]t kl/rfng ug{

;Sg] / cfˆg} ;|f]t h'6fP/ gofF z}lIfs sfo{qmd ;~rfg ug{

7 ljZj a}+sn] nufgL u/]sf] -klxnf]_ lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] …:6fkm ck|]hn

l/kf]6{Údf sdnk|sfz dNnn] ;+of]hg u/]sf] kl/of]hgf k|ltj]bgaf6 w]/} s'/f

lnOPsf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\, The World Bank. 1993. Staff Appraisal Report: Nepal

Higher Education Project. Report No. 11924-NEP. Population and Human

Resource Division, Country Department I, South Asia Region; Malla,

Kamal Prakash. 1995. Tertiary Education in Nepal: An Assessment of

the Structure, Management, Financing, Quality and Physical Facilities.

Kathmandu: HMG/TU/UNDP/World Bank. 8 The World Bank. 1993. Staff Appraisal Report: Nepal Higher

Education Project. Report No. 11924-NEP. Population and Human

Resource Division, Country Department I, South Asia Region.

/ cfjZos lzIfs÷sd{rf/L /fVg ;Sg] clwsf/ SofDk;nfO{

of] lgodn] lbPsf] 5 .9

pRr lzIff kl/of]hgf cGtu{tsf] lqljnfO{ ljs]lGb|t

ug]{ of]hgfn] ;+VofTds lx;fan] k|ult u/]sf] b]lvG5 . ;f]

cjlwdf ^) cf+lus SofDk;dWo] @$ SofDk; -/ rf/ cWoog

;+:yfg_ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf uPsf] pNn]v 5 . ljs]lGb|t SofDk;df

;/f]sf/jfnf ;lDdlnt SofDk; Joj:yfkg tyf ljsf;

;ldlt u7g ul/Psf] x'G5 / pgLx¿n] Psd'i6 cg'bfg -ah]6_

kfpF5g\ . 7"nf zLif{sdf 5'§ØfOPsf] ah]6 cg'¿k ljs]lGb|t

SofDk;n] /sd kfpF5g\ / ;f]nfO{ cfˆgf] lx;fan] vr{ ug{

;S5g\ . ljs]Gb|Ls/0f lgodcg';f/ oL SofDk;n] lqljaf6

kfpg] /sd ;'lglZrt ul/Psf] 5 . s]xL ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] tLj|

lj/f]w jfah'b of] pknlAw xfl;n u/]sf] ljZj a}+ssf] bfjL 5 .10

oBlk ljs]Gb|Ls[t ePsf / gePsf SofDk;sf xsdf tflŒjs

;+/rgfTds leGgtf b]lvFb}g . ;fdfGo -of ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf

guPsf_ SofDk;sf] eGbf ljs]lGb|t SofDk;;Fu a9L ljQLo

clwsf/ -vf; u/L cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] ;[hgf / pkof]u ug{df_

5, t/ ltgLx¿ Jojxf/tM g cWofks of sd{rf/L lgo'lQm,

vf/]hL ug{ g Joj:yfksLo lx;fan] g} :jfoQ 5g\ . k|fl1s

:jfoQtf t emg\ 6f9fsf] s'/f eof] .

;+:yfut ljsf; sDkf]g]G6sf] csf]{ dxŒjk"0f{ cjoj If]qLo

Sni6/ ljsf; -l/hgn Sni6/ 8]enKd]G6_ lyof] . cd]l/sL 8n/

9 x]g'{xf];\, lqe'jg ljZjljBfno . @)%% . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

lgod, @)%% . sf7df8f}F M lqlj . yk hfgsf/Lsf nflu x]g'{xf];\, cdfTo,

;"o{nfn . @)^* . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :jfoQtfsf] k|of;M

Ps emns . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno %@ cf}+ jflif{s lbj; M ljz]iffÍ–@)^* .

k[= @(—## .10 ;g\ @))@ df k|sflzt pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] …of]hgf–;DkGg

k|ltj]bgÚn] ;+:yfut ljsf;sf] sfo{qmdnfO{ ;kmn eg]sf] 5 . ;+:yfut ljsf;

cGtu{tsf] ;f+u7lgs ;'wf/ sfo{qmdnfO{ k|ltj]bn] …clt ;Gtf]ifhgsÚ pNn]v

u/]sf] b]lvG5 . /, lqlj Joj:yfkg, ;~rfng / of]hgf nufotsf gLltut tyf

cGo ljifodf ;'wf/ z'? ePsf] pNn]v 5 . lqlj ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf hfg] ;DaGwdf

z'?df s]xL k|lt/f]w eP klg cGttM ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] cjwf/0ffnfO{ SofDk;x¿n]

;sf/fTds lnPsf], @$ cf+lus SofDk; / rf/ cg';Gwfg s]Gb| ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf

uPsf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 . oL dWo] kfFr cf]6f SofDk; …Ans u|fG6Ú lng ;d]t

tof/ ePsf] hgfpFb} o;nfO{ k|ltj]bgn]] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fsf] …P8efG:8 :6]h\Ú eg]sf]

5 . The World Bank. 2002. Implementation Completion Report (IDA-

25600) on a Credit in the Amount of SDR 14.2 Million (US$ 20.0 Million

Equivalent) to the Kingdom of Nepal for a Higher Education Project.

Report No. 23713. Nepal Country Unit, South Asia Region. P. 29.



dfl6{g rf}tf/L

4

#^ nfv 5'§ØfOPsf] of] sDkf]g]G6 tLg r/0fdf ;DkGg ul/g]

lyof] . of] kl/of]hgfcGtu{t z'?df b'O6f If]qLo SofDk;sf]

Sni6/ lgdf{0f ug]{ nIo lyof], h;cGtu{t Sni6/df ;dflxt

x'g] SofDk;sf] OPdcfO{P; ljsf; ug]{, ltgnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

ug]{ / cGttM :jfoQtf k|bfg ul/g] lyof] . k|To]s Sni6/df

Pp6f ln8 SofDk; / ;ft cf]6f;Dd :of6nfO6 SofDk;sf]

Pp6f cgf}krfl/s ;d"x of Sni6/ lgdf{0f x'g] 7flgPsf] lyof] .11

kl/of]hgfcGtu{t k"jf{~rn / klZrdf~rndf b'O6f Sni6/

lgdf{0f ul/g] eg] klg s]xL ;dokl5 g} k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno

u7g -gf]e]Da/ !(($_ ug{ sbd rflnPsfn] k"jL{ If]qsf]

Sni6/ sfo{qmd vf;} cufl8 a9]g .12 klZrdf~rnsf xsdf

klg Sni6/ sfo{qmdn] y'k|} afwf–c8\rg a]xf]g'{ k¥of] .

ljZj a}+s;Fusf] ;Demf}tfcg';f/ klZrdf~rn If]qdf Sni6/

sfo{qmdsf] g]t[Tj ug{] k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] kl/of]hgfdf

x:tfIf/ ePsf] ;ft dlxgfleq -h'g !((% ;Dd_ tof/ ug'{kg]{

lyof] . t/ of] sfd To;kl5sf] tLg jif{;Dd klg x'g ;s]g .

lqljsf tTsfnLg pks'nklt s]bf/eQm dfy]dfsf] sfo{sfndf

k|f/De ul/Psf] of] sfo{qmddf gofF pks'nkltsf] sfo{sfnsf]

z'?df s'g} rf;f] b]lvPg .13 t/, s]xL ;dokl5 klxn]sf]

11 The World Bank. 1993. Staff Appraisal Report: Nepal Higher

Education Project. Report No. 11924-NEP. Population and Human

Resource Division, Country Department I, South Asia Region.12 k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno :yfkgf ePkl5 k|f/Dedf of] If]qdf Sni6/

lgdf{0fsf] of]hgf TofluPsf] a'lemG5 . t/, s]xL kl5 lj/f6gu/sf b'O{ SofDk;,

dx]Gb| df]/ª / :gftsf]Q/ SofDk; ldnfP/ …ldgL Sni6/Ú lgdf{0f ul/Psf] / o;n]

klxnf] r/0f kf/ u/]sf] pNn]v 5 M æl9n} eP klg k"jf{~rn ljsf; If]qdf dx]Gb|

df]/ª / :gftsf]Q/ SofDk; ldnfP/ lj/f6gu/df ldlg Sni6/ lgdf{0f ul/Psf]

lyof] / klxnf] r/0fsf] nufgL ;DkGg ul/Psf] lyof] . Dofg]hd]G6 Knfg agfpg]

k|:tfj tof/ ul/Psf] lyof]Æ . The World Bank. 2002. Implementation

Completion Report (IDA-25600) on a Credit in the Amount of SDR 14.2

Million (US$ 20.0 Million Equivalent) to the Kingdom of Nepal for a

Higher Education Project. Report No. 23713. Nepal Country Unit, South

Asia Region. P. 29. k"j{df Sni6/ sfo{qmd st} k'Ub}g eGg] hfGbfhfGb} /sd vr{

ug{ / clnslt eP klg k|ult b]vfpg dfq of] sfo{qmdnfO{ Ao'FtfOPsf] o;n]

k|:6\ofpF5 . k"jf{~rn ljZjljBfno :yfkgfsf] /fhgLltaf/] yk hfGg x]g'{xf];\,

Onta, Pratyoush, Devendra Uprety and Lokranjan Parajuli. 2015. How Not

to Make New Universities. Paper presented at the Annual Conference on

Nepal and the Himalaya, 23 July, Kathmandu. 13 k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; -k[gfSof_n] agfPsf] …Joj:yfkg of]hgfÚdf n]lvPsf]

5 M æpks'nklt s]bf/eQm dfy]dfsf] sfo{sfndf z'? ul/Psf] of] sfo{qmd

lqljsf] Joj:yfkgdf ePsf] kl/jt{gsf sf/0f s]xL ;dosf] cGt/fnkl5

of]hgfdf ;fdfGo kl/jt{g u/]/ sfo{qmd k'gM Ao'FtfOof] lsgls

of] sfo{qmd sfof{Gjog gx'Fbf 7"n} /sd vr{ gx'g] l:ylt aGof],

/ k};f vr{ ug{df lqlj / ljZj a}+s b'j}sf] ?lr lyof] . ;f]xL

cg'¿k klZrdf~rn If]qdf Sni6/ ljsf; sfo{qmd cufl8

a9fpg k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] ;g\ !((& sf] z'?lt/ Pp6f

sfo{bn u7g u¥of] / ;f] sfo{bnn] h'nfO{ !((& df cfk"mn]

tof/ u/]sf] Joj:yfkg of]hgf -Dofg]hd]G6 Knfg_ pRr lzIff

kl/of]hgfnfO{ a'emfof] .

sfo{bnsf] k|ltj]bgcg';f/ ;f] Joj:yfkg of]hgfsf kfFr

p2]Zo lyP M s_ klZrddf~rn If]qsf Sni6/ cGtu{tsf

SofDk; of ;+:yfx¿df ljBfyL{ egf{, lzIfs / ef}lts ;'ljwfsf]

cj:yf cWoog ug]{, v_ ln8 / :of6nfO6 SofDk;x¿af6

k|df0fkq txnfO{ r/0fa4 tj/af6 lj:yfkg ug]{, / dflyNnf]

txnfO{ leœofpg] u_ Sni6/sf SofDk;x¿sf] dd{t;Def/

of]hgf agfpg], 3_ ln8 / :of6nfO6 SofDk;df ˆofsN6L

ljsf;sf] sfo{qmd agfpg] / ª_ Sni6/sf nflu ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

of]hgf agfpg] .14 Joj:yfkg of]hgfcGtu{t k[YjLgf/fo0f

SofDk; ln8 SofDk; x'g], klZrdf~rn If]qsf lqljcGtu{tsf

cGo SofDk; P;f]l;o6 SofDk; aGg] / tL P;f]l;P6

SofDk;sf j/k/ klg cGo :s"n of sn]hsf] Sni6/ agfO{

cfOP txsf ljBfyL{ k9fpg] of]hgf lgdf{0f ePsf] kfOG5 .15

k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] ug'{kg]{ ;a}eGbf dxŒjk"0f{ t/ sl7g

sfd k|df0fkq txnfO{ ;f] SofDk;af6 lj:yfkg ug{' lyof] .

To;afx]s, of] of]hgfsf] d'Vo p2]Zo lqljnfO{ ljs]lGb|t ug'{

jt{dfg s'nklt sdns[i0f hf]zLsf] sfo{sfndf sfof{Gjogdf cfof]Ù P;f]l;o6

SofDk;x¿n] Sni6/af/] lal;{;s]sf lyP .Æ Prithvi Narayan Campus (PNC).

1997. Management Plan for Cluster Development Program in Western

Development Region. Report prepared by the Task Force, PNC, Pokhara.

P. 3. 14 PNC. 1997. Management Plan for Cluster Development Program

in Western Development Region. Report prepared by the Task Force, PNC,

Pokhara. P. 3. 15 z'?df Pp6f Sni6/df ;ft cf]6f;Dd :of6nfO6 SofDk; x'g] elgPsf]

lyof] . t/ pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfsf] af]8{n] kl5 klZrdf~rnsf] Sni6/df ln8

SofDk;sf] ¿kdf k[gfSof / cGo gf} cf]6f SofDk; ;fd]n ug]{ lg0f{o u/]sf]

a'lemG5 h;dWo] kfFr cf]6f lqljsf cf+lus SofDk; / rf/ cf]6f lghL SofDk;

of :s"n lyP . Malla, Kamal Prakash. 1995. Tertiary Education in Nepal:

An Assessment of the Structure, Management, Financing, Quality and

Physical Facilities. P. 114. Kathmandu: HMG/TU/UNDP/World Bank.



5

dfl6{g rf}tf/L

ePsfn] of] of]hgf nfu" ePkl5 ;f] If]qsf ;a} SofDk;sf

k|fl1s / k|zf;lgs sfdnfO{ k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] Ps

lx;fan] g]t[Tj ug]{ lyof] . lqljsf] ;f] If]qsf] k/LIff ;~rfng,

k/LIff /lhi6«];g, nAwf+s kq ljt/0f, :yfgfGt/0f k|df0fkq

ljt/0fh:tf sfd klg k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] g} ug]{ lyof] . oL

;a} k|s[of u'h|Fb} hfFbf k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] If]qLo :jfoQtf

k|fKt ug]{ / cGttM cfk"mnfO{ If]qLo ljZjljBfnodf ¿kfGt/0f

ug]{ 7flgPsf] lyof] .16

t/ of] ;f]rfO{, of]hgfn] d"t{ ¿k lng ;s]g . s]xL ;fdfGo

sDkf]g]G6\; eg] sfof{lGjt eP . vf; u/L ef}lts lgdf{0f of

dd{t;Def/df 5'§ØfOPsf] /sd vr{ eof] . pbfx/0fsf nflu

k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;n] k]z u/]sf] kl/of]hgf k|:tfjdf pNn]v

eP cg'¿k s]xL gofF ejg lgdf{0f jf ePsf ejgdf tnf yKg],

k':tsfnodf k':ts yKg] / k':tsfnosf] r'lxPsf] 5tnfO{ 9nfg

ug]{ sfd ePsf] lyof] .17 SofDk;nfO{ k/LIffsf] If]qLo s]Gb| agfpg]

k|f/lDes sfd ;DkGg eof] t/ To;kl5sf r/0f k"/f ePgg\ .18

16 x]g'{xf];\ PNC. 1997. Management Plan for Cluster Development

Program in Western Development Region. Report prepared by the Task

Force, PNC, Pokhara. Pp. 48–49. 17 C0f ;xof]u lng] kIfsf] l6Kk0fLsf] ¿kdf kl/lzi6df n]lvPsf] 5 M

æln8 SofDk; k[gfSofdf lj1fg k|uf]uzfnf ejg agfOof] / kmlg{r/ Pj+ cGo

OlSjKd]G6 vl/b ul/of] . To;afx]s, Pp6f uf8L vl/b ul/of], sDKo'6/ k|of]uzfnf

agfOof] / sfo{qmd sfof{Gjogsf nflu Joj:yfkg of]hgf tof/ ul/of] .Æ

To:t}, cfˆgf] …of]hgf–;DkGg k|ltj]bgÚdf ljZj a}+sn] k[gfSofdf ;a} of]hgf

ul/Psf dd{t;Def/ sfo{ tyf gofF ;+/rgf lgdf{0f sfo{ ;DkGg ul/Psf] tyf

;a} ;]jf–;'ljwfx¿ pknAw ePsf] bfjL u/]sf] 5 . x]g'{xf];\, The World Bank.

2002. Implementation Completion Report (IDA-25600) on a Credit in

the Amount of SDR 14.2 Million (US$ 20.0 Million Equivalent) to the

Kingdom of Nepal for a Higher Education Project. Report No. 23713.

Nepal Country Unit, South Asia Region. P. 8 and 29. 18 k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{nosf] ;Dks{ sfof{no dfq k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk;df

/flvPsf] xf] . of] sfof{nosf] sfd k/LIffsf nflu el/Psf kmd{x¿ / cGo sfdx¿

;+u|x u/]/ k/LIff lgoGq0f sfof{no, sf7df8f}+ k7fpg] lyof] . t/ To;kl5sf

r/0fx¿ eg] cEof;df NofOPgg\ . x]g'{xf];\ s]=;L=, s[i0f . @)^& . k[YjLgf/fo0f

SofDk;sf] qmlds ljsf;df ;Da4 kIfx¿sf] e"ldsf . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno,

k[YjLgf/fo0f SofDk; kf]v/f M :j0f{ hoGtL :dfl/sf -@)!&—@)^&_ . k[= !—!( .

kf]v/f M k[gfSofÙ g]kfn, gf/fo0fbQ . @)%* . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnosf] SofDk;

;d"x ljsf; sfo{qmd / k[YjLgf/fo0f ljZjljBfno . k|f1d~r !%-^_ M !—$ .

Sni6/ sfo{qmdsf tLg r/0fdWo] klZrdsf] Sni6/n] b'O{ r/0f

kf/ u/]sf] ljZj a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgdf pNn]v 5 .19

Sni6/ sfo{qmddfk{mt lqljnfO{ ljs]lGb|t ub}{ ln8

SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtf lbFb} 5'§} ljZjljBfno;Dd k'¥ofpg]

nIo /flvPsf] of]hgf c;kmn eof] . ljZj a}+s :jo+n] If]qLo

Sni6/ lgdf{0f;DaGwL sDkf]g]G6nfO{ ;Gtf]ifhgs dfg]sf] 5}g .

æcg:ofl6;k]mS6/LÆ eGb} ljZj a}+ssf] k|ltj]bgdf n]lvPsf]

5 M ænfdf] k|of;kl5 of] Sni6/sf]] cjwf/0ff ;g\ !((( df

Tofluof]Æ .20

;'wf/ kl/of]hgf b'O{

klxnf] kl/of]hgf ;dflKtsf] sl/a kfFr jif{kl5 ljZj

a}+ss} cfly{s ;xof]udf bf];|f] pRr lzIff kl/of]hgf nfu"

ul/of] . kl/of]hgfsf] gfpFd} bf];|f] ufFl;Psfn] klxnf] kl/of]hgfsf]

lg/Gt/tfsf] ¿kdf o;nfO{ x]l/Psf] b]lvG5 . k|efjsf/L

Joj:yfkg Pj+ k|fl1s ;+:yfx¿sf] ljQLo …;:6]g]laln6LÚ

clej[l4 ug]{ nIo lnPsf] of] kl/of]hgfsf rf/ cf]6f cjoj

lyP, h;dWo] ;a}eGbf 7"nf] lx:;f ;'wf/ cg'bfg -l/kmd{

u|fG6_ n] cf]u6]sf] lyof] .21 ;'wf/ cg'bfgsf] sDkf]g]G6nfO{

cd]l/sL 8n/ $ s/f]8 5'§ØfOPsf] lyof], h'g ljZj a}+ssf] of]

kl/of]hgfdf ;du| of]ubfgsf] b'O{ ltxfO{ lx:;f xf] .22 …l/kmd{

u|fG6ÚnfO{ …OG;]lG6e,Ú …kk{md]{G;Ú / …Doflrª u|fG6Údf ljefhg

ul/Psf] lyof] .

19 The World Bank. 2002. Implementation Completion Report (IDA-



Report No. 23713. Nepal Country Unit, South Asia Region. P. 29.20 The World Bank. 2002. Implementation Completion Report (IDA-



Report No. 23713. Nepal Country Unit, South Asia Region. P. 7.21 cGo tLg sDkf]g]G6df ljBfyL{ ljQLo ;xfotf, pRr dfWolds lzIff

/ k|0ffnLsf] Ifdtf alnof] t'Nofpg] lyP . The World Bank. 2007. Project

Appraisal Document on a Proposed Grant in the Amount of SDR 41.6

Million (US$ 60.0 Million Equivalent) to Nepal for a Second Higher

Education Project. Report No. 34916-NEP. Human Development Unit,

South Asia Region. 22 o;dWo] # s/f]8 %% nfv 8n/ l/kmd{ u|fG6cGtu{t / afFsL $% nfv

8n/ cg';Gwfg cg'bfg eg]/ 5'§ØfOPsf] lyof] .



dfl6{g rf}tf/L

6

;'wf/ cg'bfg of] kl/of]hgfsf] 7"nf] lx:;f x'g] ePsfn]

kl/of]hgf tof/L qmdd} ljZj a}+s of cfOl8Pn] lqlj;Fu

ljleGg r/0fdf jftf{ u/]/ lqljnfO{ cfk"m dftxtsf cf+lus

SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQ t'Nofpg :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod tof/

u/L u|x0f ug{ of nfu" ug{ nufPsf] lyof] . ;f]xL cg'¿k

lqljn] klg :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod, @)^@ hf/L u/]sf] lyof]

/ ;f]jfkt lqljn] bz nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ kfPsf] lyof] .

To;afx]s, p;n] cfˆgf SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtf lbP jfkt k|lt

SofDk; Ps nfv 8n/ yk kfpg] u/L lqljnfO{ ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf

uPsf SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtfdf hfg lbgdf yk k|f]T;flxt ug]{

Joj:yf lyof] .

…bf];|f] pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfÚ cGtu{tsf] ;'wf/ cg'bfg

sDkf]g]G6dfk{mt kl/of]hgf cjlwe/ lqljsf 5 cf]6f

SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQ t'Nofpg] nIo /flvPsf] lyof] . To:t}, yk

!) cf]6f SofDk;nfO{ ljs]lGb|t ug]{ / !) cf]6f ;fd'bflos

SofDk;nfO{ ;3fpg] p2]Zo pQm kl/of]hgfsf] lyof] .

lqljdftxtsf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf uPsf SofDk;nfO{

:jfoQtfdf hfg k|f]T;flxt ug{ …OG;]lG6e u|fG6Úsf] Joj:yf

ul/Psf] lyof] . :jfoQdf hfg lg0f{o ug]{ SofDk;n] lqlj

s]Gb|Lo sfof{no;Fu ;Demf}tf u/]kl5 ;f]afkt b'O{ nfv 8n/

k|f]T;fxg cg'bfg -OG;]lG6e u|fG6_ kfpg] lyof] . SofDk;x¿n]

ug]{ k|ultsf] cfwf/df …kk{md]{G; u|fG6Ú lbOg] Joj:yf lyof] .23

SofDk;x¿n] lghL ;|f]t of nufgL ;[hgf ug{ k|f]T;flxt

ug{sf nflu …Doflrª u|fG6Ú /flvPsf] lyof] . ;xefuL ;+:yfn]

hlt /sd cfGtl/s ?kdf hf]xf] ug{ ;S5 ;f]xL a/fa/sf]

/sd of] kl/of]hgfaf6 lbOg] / o;cGtu{t a9Ldf @) nfv

8n/ / ljs]lGb|tsf xsdf tLg nfv 8n/;Dd kfpg of]Uo x'g]

b]lvG5 . t/, ;a} u|fG6 ldnfP/ a9Ldf @% nfv 8n/;Dd dfq

Pp6f :jfoQ SofDk;n] kfpg ;SYof] . ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf uPsf

SofDk;n] a9Ldf rf/ nfv 8n/ kfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf lyof] .24

23 o;cGtu{t k|To]s :jfoQ SofDk;, ;fgf ljZjljBfno / ;fd'bflos

SofDk;n] !% nfv 8n/ ;Ddsf] kk{md]{G; u|fG6 kfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf lyof] eg]

ljs]lGb|t SofDk;n] b'O{ nfv 8n/ ;Ddsf] .24 :jfoQtfdf uPsf, ;fgf ljZjljBfno, !) cf]6f;Dd ;fd'bflos

SofDk; / Tolts} ;+Vofdf ljs]Gb|Ls[t SofDk;n] Doflrª u|fG6 / kk{md]{G; u|fG6

kfpg ;Sg] Joj:yf b]lvG5 .

7"nf] cfly{s ;xof]usf] Joj:yf ul/P klg lqljsf ljs]lGb|t

cf+lus SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtfdf n}hfg] kl/of]hgfn] nIo

cg'¿k ult lnPg . lqljn] :jo+n] :jfoQtf;DaGwL gLlt

agfPsf] xf] t/ ;f] gLlt nfu" ug{df p;n] vf;} Wofg lbPg .

pm dftxtsf SofDk;, hf] klxn]b]lv g} of] gLlt k|lt ;z+lst

lyP, n] klg hfFu/ b]vfPgg\ . To;}n] kl/of]hgfsf] cfwf

cjlw ;lsFbf;Dd hDdf Pp6f sn]h -Onfdl:yt dx]Gb|/Tg

ax'd'vL SofDk;_ n] dfq -hgj/L @)!) df_ :jfoQtf k|fKt

u¥of] . To;cl3 ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf ;d]t guPsf] SofDk; lyof]

of] . cfwf cjlw ;lsFbf;Dd kl/of]hgfsf nflu 5'§ØfOPsf]

vr{dWo] hDdf !*=% k|ltzt dfq vr{ eof] . /, dWofjlw

d"Nof+sgdf …bf];|f] pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfÚnfO{ ædf]8/]6\nL

cg:ofl6:k]mS6/LÆ elgof] .25

kl/of]hgfsf] sfof{Gjog ;':t x'g'df kl/of]hgf

;~rfngdf lqlj ;+oGqsf] ;Lldt e"ldsf -cem eGg'kbf{

kl/of]hgf sfof{Gjogdf lqljsf] c;xof]u_ n] sfd u/]sf]

lyof]] . :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgodsf] sfof{Gjogstf{ lqlj ePsfn]

pmdftxtsf SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtfdf n}hfg] kl/of]hgfsf] d'Vo

xtf{stf{ ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]]u geO{ lqlj g} x'g'kg]{

lqlj ;+oGqsf] a'emfO{ lyof] . t/ kl/of]hgfsf] …OlDKnd]G6];g\

Ph]G;LÚ ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u lyof], h;nfO{ ljz]ifu/L

lqljsf k|fWofks÷sd{rf/Ln] ?rfPsf lyPgg\ .26 cGttM ;g\

@)!! df kl/of]hgf k'gM;+/rgf qmddf …lqlj ;'wf/Ú ;a–

sDkf]g]G6 ylkof] / lqljnfO{ g} ;f] sDkf]g]G6sf] sfof{Gjog ug]{

25 kl/of]hgf c;kmnk|foM x'g'df kl/of]hgf tof/L qmdsf a]nfsf] /fhgLlts

åGåÙ sfof{Gjog ug]{ lgsfo -ljZjljBfno cg'bfg cfof]u_sf] sdhf]/ IfdtfÙ

pRr lzIff If]qdf ePsf] Jofks lj:tf/ / kl/jt{gsf] k|lt/f]w -lqljsf ;Da4

lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] / vf; u/L :jfoQtfsf] ljkIfdf_ nfO{ ljZj a}+sn] sf/s

dfg]sf] b]lvG5 . The World Bank. 2014. Implementation Completion and

Results Report (IDA Grant-H274-NP) on a Grant in the Amount of SDR

41.6 Million (US$ 60.0 Million Equivalent) to Nepal for a Second Higher

Education Project. Report No. ICR00002849. Bangladesh, Bhutan, Nepal

Country Management Unit, South Asia Region. Pp. 6–7.26 OlGhlgol/ª cWoog ;+:yfgsf k"j{ l8g / ljZj a}+ssf] g]kfn

sfof{nosf jl/i7 lzIff k/fdz{bftf /fh]Gb|Wjh hf]zL;Fu @^ h'g @)!% df

ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL . Republica. 2010. UGC Gives Up Campus Autonomy

Project; TU Takes Over. 17 July. Available at http://archives.myrepublica.

com/portal/index.php?action=news_details&news_id=21115; % h'g @)!%

df x]l/Psf] .



7

dfl6{g rf}tf/L

lgsfo tf]lsof] .27 :jfoQtfdf hfg] SofDk;sf] ;+Vof klxn] 5

tf]lsPsf]df To;sf] cfwf t'NofO{ tLg cf]6f SofDk;nfO{ dfq

:jfoQ agfpg] gofF nIo /flvof] .

kl/of]hgfsf] cGt;Dd cfOk'Ubf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf hfg]

SofDk;sf] ;+Vof $( k'Uof] eg] hDdf rf/ cf]6f SofDk;

:jfoQtfdf uP . To:t}, *( cf]6f ;fd'bflos SofDk;nfO{

;xfotf /sd afFl8Psf] lyof] . t/ klg ;du| kl/of]hgfsf] $

k|ltzt ah]6 /sd dfq vr{ x'g ;Sof] .28

l;4fGtdf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfaf/] h] pNn]v eP klg

lqlj s]Gb|Lo k|zf;gn] cfk"mn] rfx]sf] avt of] jf pm lgod

k|of]u u/L d'VotM ljs]lGb|t elgPsf SofDk;df x:tIf]k ug{

;S5 / ul//x]sf] 5 . clxn] ;Ddsf] cg'ejn] lqljn] ljs]lGb|t

SofDk; cfly{s ¿kdf -ljBfyL{af6 cltl/Qm z'Ns lng]afx]s_

afx]s k|zf;lgs÷k|fl1s txdf ljs]lGb|t xf]pmg\ eGg] rfx]sf]

5}g . :jfoQtfsf ;DaGwdf klg oxL s'/f eGg ;lsG5 .

lqljn] :jfoQtf k|bfg u/]sf] klxnf] SofDk;, dx]Gb|/Tg ax'd'vL

SofDk;, Onfddf ul/Psf] cWoogn] k|zf;lgs÷cfly{s

txdf s]xL :jfoQtf b]lvP klg k|fl1s :jfoQtfsf] cEof;

ePsf] b]vfpFb}g\ . SofDk;df Pp6f gofF ljifo xl6{sNr/ /

ˆnf]l/sNr/ Joj:yfkgsf] cWofkg z'? ul/Psf] afx]s cGo

gofF kf7\oqmd tof/ ug]{, k/LIff ;~rfng ug]{ / pkflw k|bfg

ug]{ sfd ePsf] 5}g .29 oL tLg k|fl1s :jfoQtfsf cfwf/e"t

cjoj x'g\ . oBlk, :jfoQtfdf uPafkt kfOg] / cGo cg'bfg

pkof]u u/L SofDk;sf] ef}lts ;+/rgfdf /fd|} kl/jt{g

ePsf] 5 .

27 ;Fu} lqljcGtu{t g} gofF @) sfo{qmd ;~rfng ug{ ah]6 5'§ØfOof] .

To;afx]s, klxn] !) cf]6f ;fd''bflos SofDk;nfO{ cln 7"nf] /sd lbg] elgPsf]df

;f]nfO{ kl/jt{g u/L () ;fd'bflos SofDk;nfO{ yf]/}yf]/} /sd afF8\g] nIo

/flvof] . x]g'{xf];\, The World Bank. 2012. Restructuring Paper on a Proposed

Project Restructuring of Second Higher Education Project (Grant Number:

H274-Nep), February 22, 2007 to Nepal. Human Development Unit, South

Asia Region. 28 kl/of]hgfsf] kl5Nnf] kfFr dlxgfdf !$ k|ltzt /sd vr{ u/]/ To;cl3

…df]8/]6\nL :ofl6;km]S6/LÚ ePsf] kl/of]hgfnfO{ …:ofl6;km]S6/LÚsf] txdf

k'¥ofOPsf] b]lvG5 .29 x]g'{xf];\, /fO{, /d]z . ;g\ @)!$ . dx]Gb|/Tg ax'd'vL SofDk;, Onfd M

:jfoQ x'Fb} ljZjljBfnotk{m < ck|sflzt k|ltj]bg, dfl6{g rf}tf/L, sf7df8f}F .

;'wf/ sfo{qmd c;kmn lsg <

lqljnfO{ s]Gb|df /fvL z'? ul/Psf Sni6/÷ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

/ vf; u/L :jfoQtf;DaGwL sfo{qmdsf] sfof{Gjog /

pknlAw ;Gtf]ifhgs dfGg ;lsFb}g . oL sfo{qmd c;kmn

x'g'sf k5fl8 s]xL sf/0f 5g\ . klxnf], /fhgLlts bnsf

ljBfyL{ eft[ ;+u7g, lzIfs÷sd{rf/L / k|fWofks ;+3aLrdf

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / :jfoQtfnfO{ a'‰g] ljifodf z'?b]lv g}

dtfGt/ lyof] / clxn] klg 5 . z'?df lqljdf /x]sf :yfoL

lzIfs÷sd{rf/Ln] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ lqlj -/ g]kfn ;/sf/

klg_ n] qmdzM SofDk;df nufgL sd ub]{ hfG5 / cGttM of]

lgodn] lqljaf6 kfpFb} cfPsf]] k]G;g÷pkbfg nufotsf ;]jf

;'ljwfdf c;/ kg{ ;S5 eGb} o; lgodsf] lj/f]w u/] .30 lqljsf

SofDk; ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfdf hfg'df ljZj a}+saf6 kfpg]

cg'bfgn] dfq k|f]T;fxg u/]sf] eGg] a'emfO{ SofDk;df Jofks

b]lvG5 .31

bf];|f], ljz]ifu/L ljBfyL{ ;+u7gn] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fnfO{ SofDk;

lghLs/0f ug]{ ;'lgof]lht rfnafhLsf] ¿kdf lnP . pgLx¿n]

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfsf] lgoddf SofDk;x¿n] …cltl/Qm

z'NsÚ tf]Sg ;Sg] k|fjwfgnfO{ pRr lzIffnfO{ lghLs/0f ug{

nfluPsf]] ¿kdf cYof{P . ljZj a}+saf6 cg'bfg kfpg] nf]edf

lqljsf cf+lus SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtf lbFbf ul/a ljBfyL{

pRr lzIffaf6 jl~rt x'G5g\ eGg] pgLx¿sf] a'emfO{ lyof] .32

30 x]g'{xf];\ cdfTo, ;"o{nfn . @)^* . lqe'jg ljZjljBfnodf ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

/ :jfoQtfsf] k|of;M Ps emns . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno %@ cf}+ jflif{s lbj;

ljz]iffÍ–@)^* . sf7df8f}F M lqlj . 31 cg'bfgdf k|fKt /sdnfO{ k|of]u ug{ SofDk;sf] z}lIfs u'0f:t/df ;'wf/

ug{ ;lsG5 eGg] cfTdljZjf;sf] sdLn] klg lqljsf SofDk;x¿ :jfoQtfdf

hfg clgR5's b]lvG5g\ . Pshgf SofDk; k|d'vn] eg]— ælqljsf cf+lus

SofDk;x¿ :jfoQtfdf hfpmg\ eGg] xfd|f] eGbf klg ljZj a}+ssf] rfxgf xf] .

:jfoQtfsf nflu SofDk;nfO{ ljZj a}+sn] 7"nf] nufgL u/]sf] 5 . ljZj a}+saf6

k|fKt x'g] of] cg'bfg SofDk;sf] z}lIfs÷ef}lts ;d[l4df k|of]u ub}{ SofDk;

:jfoQ agfpm eGg] xf] . t/ SofDk;df slxn]sfxLF t o:tf] /sd /fd|f];Fu k|of]u

ug{ ;s]g eg] emg\ vt/f x'g ;S5 . cj:yf ;a}nfO{ yfx} 5, /sd cfPkl5

;a}eGbf klxn] dnfO{ olt k|ltzt rflxof] eGg]x¿ cfpF5g\ . To;}n] klg

:jfoQtfdf hfg xfdLn] s'g} xtf/ u/]gf}F .Æ z+s/b]j SofDk;sf k|d'v k|sfzdfg

k|wfg;Fu !$ h'g @)!% ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL . 32 x]g'{xf];\ Gof}kfg], n]vgfy . @)^& . lqljsf kbflwsf/L 8n/ vfg

nfnflot 5g\ . ljBfyL{ cfGbf]ngdf @@ jif{ . k[= %$)—%$@ . sf7df8f}F M

cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ . z'?af6} ljz]ifu/L cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf] lqlj

:jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod, @)^@ vf/]h x'g'k5{ eGg] 3f]lift dfu lyof] . To:t},



dfl6{g rf}tf/L

8

lqljsf ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf guPsf SofDk;sf kbflwsf/Lx¿n]

ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf ghfg' jf l9nf] u/L hfg'df ljBfyL{ /

lzIfs÷sd{rf/L ;+3sf] k|lt/f]wn] sfd u/]sf] atfPsf 5g\ .33

t];|f], ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfdf ghfFbf clxn] lqljdf sfo{/t

s]xL lzIfs÷sd{rf/Ln] SofDk;df h'g k|sf/sf] …;x'lnotÚ

pkef]u ul//x]sf 5g\ SofDk; ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtf

uPsf] v08df Tof] u'Dg] 8/n] klg lj/f]w ePsf] b]lvG5 .

ljz]ifu/L ljleGg /fhgLlt kf6L{ cfa4 k|fWofks÷sd{rf/L

;+3df /fhgLlt ug]{x¿n] lqljdf clxn] h;/L gk9fOsg

hflu/ vfO/x]sf 5g\ SofDk; :jfoQtfdf uPsf] v08df To;}

ul//xg pgLx¿n] ;Dej b]v]sf 5}gg\ . o;n] klg lqljsf

cf+lus SofDk; :jfoQtfdf hfg] k|lqmofnfO{ cj/f]w u/]sf]

b]lvG5 .

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f / vf; u/L :jfoQtfsf] lgod d'tfljs

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfdf hfgsf nflu SofDk;sf ;a} kIf

-lzIfs, sd{rf/L, ljBfyL{ ;+u7g, cflb_ sf] ;xdlt cfjZos

x'G5 . o:tf] ;xdlt h'6fpg SofDk;df ljBdfg …clt

/fhgLlts/0fÚsf] ;+:sf/ afws ePsf] SofDk; ;Da4x¿sf]

syg 5 . To;afx]s, :jfoQtfdf hfg] SofDk;sf] k|zf;lgs

ljBfyL{sf tkm{af6 lqlj ;efdf ;ef;b /x]sf cg]/f:jljo' -qmflGtsf/L_ sf

s]Gb|Lo cWoIf lxdfn zdf{n] lqljsf tTsfnLg s'nklt -k|wfgdGqL_ emngfy

vgfnnfO{ ælqlj :jfoQtf k|fKt cWoog ;+:yfg jf SofDk;;DaGwL lgod,

@)^@ ;+zf]wg xf]Og vf/]h ul/of];\Æ eGb} kq n]v]sf lyP . æcf+lus SofDk;nfO{

cGttM lghLs/0fdf ws]Ngsf nflu :joQtfsf] of] cjwf/0ff cfPsf]n] pQm

;+zf]wg k|:tfj lkmtf{ lnO{ cljnDa vf/]hLsf] k|lqmof cufl8 a9fOof];\,Æ

zdf{n] kqdf n]v]sf 5g\ . kqsf] k"0f{kf7 www.himalsharma.com/blog_view.

php?token=16 df pknAw 5 . ;g\ @)!! df tTsfnLg Joj:yflksf ;+;bsf]

cGt/f{li6«o ;DaGw / dfgjclwsf/ ;ldltn] klg lqljsf] gfddf SofDk;nfO{

:joQtf k|bfg ug]{ k|lqmof /f]Sg cfb]z lbPsf] lyof] . t/ o; cfb]znfO{ lqljn]

Tolta]nf a]jf:tf u/]sf] lyof] . x]g'{xf];\ The Kathmandu Post. 2011. Higher

Education: TU Amends Rules on Autonomy. 22 March. Available at www.

ekantipur.com/2011/04/22/top-story/higher-educationtu-amends-rules-on-

autonomy/332884.html; % h'g @)!% df x]l/Psf] . 33 dfl6{g rf}tf/Ln] d]—h'g @)!% sf ljleGg ldltdf SofDk;sf

kbflwsf/L;Fu u/]sf] s'/fsfgL . rf}tf/Ln] ljs]Gb|s/0fdf uPsf, :jfoQtfdf

uPsf / b'j}df guPsf pkTosf / pkTosf aflx/sf lqljsf s]xL cf+lus

SofDk;sf kbflwsf/L tyf ljBfyL{;Fu ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfsf] cg'ej -cyjf

ghfg'sf sf/0f_ af/] hfGg cWoog÷5nkmn u/]sf] lyof] . d"ntM SofDk; txdf

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f÷:jfoQtfnfO{ a'‰g] / To;sf] sfof{Gjog cj:yfsf ljifodf tL

5nkmn s]lGb|t lyP .

;+/rgf -SofDk; Joj:yfkg tyf ljsf; kl/ifb\_ df

SofDk;leqsf ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] cltl/Qm aflx/sf :yfgLo

;d'bfosf] -gu/kflnsf÷uflj;sf k|d'v, ;dfh;]jL, bftf,

cleefjs nufot tyf lqljsf s]Gb|Lo ljefusf k|d'v÷

k|ltlglw_ klg ;+nUgtf /xg] Joj:yf 5 .34 of] Joj:yfn]

;a}sf] ;xdlt vf]Hg] / clxn]sf] -bnLo efua08f /_ w|'jLs[t

;dfhdf ;a} ;/f]sf/jfnfsf] ;Ddlt lnP/ cufl8 a9\g sl7g

ePsf] atfOG5 .35 /fhgLlts efua08fdf lgo'Qm x'g] g]t[Tj

-SofDk; k|d'v_ n] SofDk;nfO{ :jfoQtfdf nfg ;S5 eGg]

s'/fdf SofDk;leq} z+sf 5 . /, :jfoQtfsf] k|lqmof lqljdf

l9nf] x'g'df ;jn g]t[Tjsf] cefj klg xf] .36

lqlj :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod, @)^@ df æSofDk;

cGtu{tsf] s'g} kbsf] b/aGbL l/Qm ePsf ;f] b/aGbLdf

cfjZostf cg';f/ c:yfoL jf s/f/ ;]jfsf nflu lzIfs

jf sd{rf/L lgo'lQm ug{ ;lsg] 5 . o;/L lgo'Qm x'g] lzIfs

jf sd{rf/Lsf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] bfloTj ljZjljBfnon]

a]xf]g]{ 5}gÆ eGg] Joj:yf ul/Psf] lyof] . of] k|fjwfgnfO{ lnP/

ljz]if u/L cf+lus SofDk;df sfo{/t s/f/ lzIfs÷c:yfoL

sd{rf/Ln] …s/f/ lzIfs÷sd{rf/LÚ sf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 lqlj

klG5g nfu]sf] eGb} o;sf] lj/f]w u/] . cGttM lqlj ljz]if

;fwf/0f ;efn] @)^* ;fndf ;f] lgoddf ;+zf]wg u¥of] . lqlj

:jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod, @)^@ af6 æo;/L lgo'Qm x'g] lzIfs

jf sd{rf/Lsf] s'g} klg lsl;dsf] bfloTj ljZjljBfnon]

34 x]g'{xf];\ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno . @)%% . lqe'jg ljZjljBfno

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f lgod, @)%% . sf7df8f}F M lqljÙ lqe'jg ljZjljBfno . @)^@ .

lqe'jg ljZjljBfno :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod, @)^@ . sf7df8f}F M lqlj . 35 cWoog ;+:yfg÷SofDk;leqsf] cfGtl/s /fhgLlts zlQm–;+/rgf

gldn];Dd cfGtl/s ;|f]tsf] kl/rfng / Joj:yfkg ug{ s7Lg x'g] s'/f ljleGg

SofDk; k|d'vn] atfPsf lyP . 36 5nkmn qmddf pkTosfsf csf{ SofDk; k|d'vn] eg] — ælqlj

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f;DaGwL lgod, @)%% df SofDk; Joj:yfkg ;ldltsf] ;+/rgf

;dfj]zL h:tf] t b]lvG5 / Tof] plQs} ;d:ofu|:t klg 5 . ;a} kIfnfO{ ;d]6]sf]

-ljBfyL{, k|fWofks, sd{rf/L, gu/kflnsf, cleefjssf k|ltlglw_ Joj:yfkg

;ldltaf6 clxn]sf] /fhgLlts ;fdflhs jftfj/0fdf sfd ug{ sl7g 5 lsgls

x/]s s'/fdf bnLo efua08f ul/G5 . ;a} …:6]sxf]N8/Ú nfO{ dgfpg Tolt ;lhnf]

5}g .Æ /Tg/fHo nIdL sofDk;sf k|d'v ?b| kf}8]n;Fusf] !$ h'g @)!% df

ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL .



9

dfl6{g rf}tf/L

a]xf]g]{ 5}gÆ eGg] jfSof+z x6fOof] .37 of] ;+zf]wg lqljsf

s/f/ lzIfs÷sd{rf/LnfO{ :jfoQtfdf uP klg lqlj

pgLx¿sf] lhDd]jf/Laf6 kG5g nfu]sf] xf]Og b]vfpg ul/Psf]

lyof] . t/ o; ;+zf]wgn] klg lzIfs÷sd{rf/Lsf] cfz+sf

lgjf/0f ug{ ;s]sf] 5}g\ . /, :jfoQtfdf hfgsf nflu d"ntM

c:yfoL÷s/f/sf lzIfs÷sd{rf/L jfws ePsf] atfOG5 .38

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f -of :jfoQtfdf_ uPsf Joj:yfkg ;+sfo,

lj1fg tyf k|ljlw k9fO{ x'g] SofDk;n] ahf/df w]/} laSg]

elgPsf lglZrt ljifo -h:t}, lalaP, lalaPd, PdlaP jf

OlGhlgol/ª_ k9\g] ljBfyL{af6 cltl/Qm z'Nsdfk{mt /fd|f]

cfDbfgL ug{ ;Sg] ;Defjgf 5 . Joj:yfkg ;+sfo k9fO{

x'g] z+s/b]j SofDk;, g]kfn sd;{ SofDk; -dLgejg_ n]

ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf uP/ cfk"m cg's"n k9fO{ u/]/ k|z:t cfDbfgL

klg u/]sf] atfOG5 t/ cGo ljs]Gb|Ls[t SofDk;n] To;f] ug{

;s]sf 5}gg\ .39 vf; u/L dfgljsL tyf ;fdflhs ;+sfodfq

k9fpg] SofDk; -h:t}, /Tg/fHo nIdL_ n] ljBfyL{af6 cltl/Qm

z'Ns p7fpg ;xh b]lvFb}g .40 To;}n] :jfoQtfsf] gfpFdf

37 ;+zf]lwt lgodsf nflu x]g'{xf];\, cof{n, lji0f'k|;fb . @)&! . lqe'jg

ljZjljBfno P]g, lgod tyf sfo{Joj:yfkg k|0ffnL M ljj]rgf ;lxt -@)&)

;fn;Ddsf] ;+zf]wg ;lxt_ . k[= @^&—#)@ . sf7df8f}F M lqlj sd{rf/L ;+3 . 38 kf6g ;+o'Qm SofDk;sf lgjt{dfg SofDk; k|d'v cdg >]i7n] :jfoQtfdf

hfg]af/] SofDk;df cfof]hgf ul/Psf] 5nkmnnfO{ ;DeFmb} eg] M æ:jfoQtfsf

ljifodf kf6g SofDk;df klg 5nkmn ePsf] lyof] . 5nkmndf s;}n] :joQtfdf

hfg] eg] s;}n] ghfg] . s/f/ lzIfsx¿ k|foM ;a}n] hfg' x'Fb}g eg] . s]xL :yfoL

k|fWofksn] klg ghfg] eg] . pgLx¿n] :jfoQtfnfO{ lqlj cfˆgf] lhDd]jf/Laf6

klG5g vf]h]sf] ¿kdf a'e]m . :jfoQtf k|lt ljZj:t x'g ;s]gg\ . cfˆgf] eljio

s] x'g] eGg] x'Fbf] /x]5 . cf}iflw pkrf/, ljbf, k]G;g, pkbfg h:tf s'/fn] klg

sfd ubf]{ /x]5 . :jfoQtf ePkl5 Tof] gkfpg] xf] ls eGg] klg eof] xf]nf .Æ

>]i7;Fu !! h'g @)!% df ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL . cg';Gwfgqmddf ;Dks{ ul/Psf

cGo SofDk;sf kbflwsf/Ln] >]i7sf] h:t} hfgsf/L lbPsf lyP . 39 s]xL jif{sf] cg'ejnfO{ x]g]{ xf] eg] z+s/b]j SofDk; / g]kfn sd;{

SofDk;n] s'n jflif{s vr{sf] %) k|ltzteGbf a9L vr{ SofDk;sf] cfGtl/s

cfDbfgLaf6 wfGg ;S5g\ t/ lqrGb|df o:tf] k|ltzt !% eGbf sd ePsf]

atfOG5 . z+s/b]j SofDk;sf k|d'v k|sfzdfg k|wfg, kf6g ax'd'vL SofDk;

lgjt{dfg k|d'v cdg >]i7, dLgejg SofDk;sf ;xfos SofDk; k|d'v s[i0f

cf]emf / lqrGb| SofDk;sf cWofks jf;' l3ld/];Fu ljleGg ;dodf ePsf

s'/fsfgLdf cfwfl/t . 40 /Tg/fHo nIdL SofDk;sf k|d'v ?b| kf}8]n eG5g\ — ædfgljsL tyf

;fdflhszf:q dfq k9fpg] SofDk;n] ljs]Gb|Ls/0fdf hfg' vf;} nfebfos 5}g\ .

g]kfnL, Oltxf;, jf e"uf]n h:tf ljifodf nfvf}+ vr{ u/]/ k9\g] ljBfyL{ 5}gg\ .Æ

!$ h'g @)!% df ul/Psf] s'/fsfgL .

…si6 l/se/LÚdf dfq s]lGb|t oL sfo{qmdk|lt pgLx¿sf]

cfsif{0f 5}g .

lgisif{

;g\ !(() sf] /fhgLlts kl/jt{gkl5 ljb]zL ;xof]udf

rnfOPsf pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfdfk{mt lqljsf cf+lus

SofDk;nfO{ qmdzM ljZjljBfnodf ¿kfGtl/t ug]{

of]hgf agfOof] — klxn] If]qLo lx;fadf Sni6/ lgdf{0f Pj+

ljs]Gb|Ls/0f u/]/ / kl5 cf+lus SofDk;nfO{ qmdzM ljs]lGb|t

/ :jfoQ t'NofP/ . ljZjljBfnodf ¿kfGtl/t x'g t w]/}

6f9fsf] s'/f, lqljsf cf+lus SofDk;n] g tflŒjs ljs]Gb|Ls/0f

g :jfoQtf k|fKt u/]sf 5g\ . oL sfo{qmd ;kmn x'g g;Sg'df

lqljsf] s]Gb|Lo sfof{no of kbflwsf/Lsf] c;xof]u t 5Fb}5,

;DalGwt SofDk;sf sd{rf/L, lzIfs -/ ljBfyL{ ;d]t_ sf]

:jfy{ / a'emfO{ klg plQs} afws 5 . kl/of]hgfdfk{mt cfk"m

/ dftxtsf SofDk;df ah]6 Nofpg lqlj nfnflot b]lvG5 /

To;sf nflu ljleGg lgod agfpg of ;+zf]wg ug{ klg /fhL

b]lvPsf] 5, t/ sfof{Gjogdf p;n] ;b}j c8\rg xfn]sf] 5 .

ljZj a}+ss} ;xof]udf gofF pRr lzIff ;'wf/ kl/of]hgf

xfn;fn} z'? e};s]sf] 5 .41 of] kl/of]hgfdf klg vf; u/L

lqljsf cf+lus SofDk; / ;fd'bflos SofDk; ;d]tnfO{

:jfoQtf k|bfg ug]{ of]hgf sfo{qmd k|fyldstfdf k/]sf] 5,

h;sf nflu lqljn] :jfoQtf;DaGwL lgod ;+zf]wg ug'{kg]{

x'G5 . sl/a () nfv cd]l/sL 8n/ 5'§ØfOPsf] of] sDkf]g]G6

olb ;kmntfk"j{s ;DkGg eof] eg] yk !) ;lxt hDdf !$

cf+lus SofDk; :jfoQtfdf hfg]5g\ . To:t}, cf7 ;fd'bflos

SofDk;n] klg :jfoQtf k|fKt ug]{5g\ .

:jfoQtfdf hfFbf sfo{/t lzIfs sd{rf/Lsf] eljio s]xL

x'Fb}g, z'Ns ljBfyL{sf] a9\g] xf], / SofDk;sf] ef}lts lgdf{0fsf

41 kl/of]hgfsf nflu cfjZos C0f lng ljZj a}+ssf c3f]lift zt{ cg'¿k

bf];|f] pRr lzIff kl/of]hgfcGtu{t tof/ ePsf] pRr lzIff gLlt ;/sf/n]

;]K6]Da/ @)!% leq :jLs[t ul/;Sg] 7flgPsf] 5 . t/ of] gLltcGtu{t aGg'kg]{

…pRr lzIff ;'wf/ / ljsf;sf] /fli6«o sfo{qmdÚ ag]/ sfof{Gjogdf cfO;s]sf]

5 . x]g'{xf];\, The World Bank. 2015. International Development Association

Project Appraisal Document on a Proposed Credit in the Amount of SDR

44.9 Million (US$ 65 Million Equivalent) to Nepal for a Higher Education

Reforms Project. Report No: PAD1019. Education Global Practice, South

Asia Region.



dfl6{g rf}tf/L

10

nflu ;xh k};f pknAw x'G5 eGg] lx;fan] :jfoQtfnfO{

a'emfpg vf]lhPsf] b]lvG5 . s]xL SofDk;nfO{ ;f] /sdn] cfslif{t

u/]sfn] ljBfyL{nfO{ ljZjf; lbnfpg ;s] …:jfoQtfÚ tk{msf]

kfOnf Tolt c;xh gxf]nf . t/ d"n k|Zg s:tf] :jfoQtf /

:jfoQtf kl5 s] eGg] xf] . clxn];Ddsf] :jfoQtfsf] Jojxf/

x]bf{ Tof] …ldlgªk"mnÚ of jf:tljs :jfoQtf x'Fb}g eGg] k|:6} 5

/ kl/of]hgfsf] Wofg klg Totftk{m b]lvGg . bftf -/ ;/sf/_

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11

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12

____________________________

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मयाव टिन चौतयाररी

२७ जीतजङग मयारटि, थयापयाथलरी

पो.ब.न. १३४७०

कयाठमयाडौ, नपयाल

तलफोन : +९77-1-4102027/4238050

फयाकस : + ९77-1-4२४००५९

इमल : [email protected] www.martinchautari.org.np

सयावटिजतनक सवयाद र सयावटिजतनक बहसको रणसतर उकयासन मयाव टिन चौतयाररीको सर दखिक उदशय हो । नपयालमया बहस र

अनतवकटि ययाको अभययास तनक कम हन बलयामया सथयावपत मयाव टिन चौतयाररी अवहल पतन अनौपचयाररक तर रहन सयावटिजतनक छलफल

रनन थलोकया रपमया दशभर पररखचत छ । यहया सयातयामया दई ददन ववववध ववषयमया छलफल हनछ । यसबयाहक यसल तमतडयया,

सशयासन र परजयातनरि, खशकया र जीववकोपयाजटिनकया ववषयमया लतरक तथया सयामयाखजक समयावशीकरणको दवटिकोणसवहत अनसनधयान रदद

आएको छ । यवया अनसनधयातयालयाई अनसनधयानको वययावहयाररक परखशकण ददन कयाम (मनररङ) पतन चौतयाररीको अतभनन पयाो हो ।

अवहलसमम चौतयाररील वयावषटिक जनटिल तमतडयया अधययनकया नौ अकसवहत ८४ ओया पसतक परकयाशन रररसकको छ ।

सन २००६ दखि परकयाशन हन थयालको र सन २०१४ दखि भकरी एकडतमक पखलकसनस परकयाशक रहको तमतडयया अधययन तथया मणडलया बक पवयाइनल परकयाशन रनन सडीज इन नपयालरी वहसटरी एणड सोसयाइरी जनटिलको समपयादकीय रह पतन चौतयाररी

हो । सन २००६ दखि मयाव टिन चौतयाररील अनसनधयान पसतकयालय र तमतडयया डकमनसन सनर सयावटिजतनक उपयोरकया लयातर

िलया ररको छ । पसतकयालयमया २० हजयारभनदया बढरी पसतक छन जसमधय कररब एक चौथयाई तमतडययासमबनधी छन ।

मयाव टिन चौतयाररीकया पयाच कयाम – छलफल, अनसनधयान, अनसनधयान परखशकण, परकयाशन र पसतकयालय – आपसमया अनतरसमबखनधत

छन । समवटिमया वयनल ससखचत सवयाद र ववशषणमलक अनसनधयानमयाफटि त रयाजय र नयारररक बीचको सयामयाखजक समबनधलयाई सबल

पयानन र समयावशी सयावटिजतनक वतत ववसतयार रनन चौतयाररीको मखय उदशयलयाई सघयाइरहकया छन ।

तरिभवन ववशवववदयालयमया खवकनदरीकरण र सवयायतततया

शोध÷सकप (RESEARCH BRIEF) अङक १६, सयाउन २०७२

© मयाव टिन चौतयाररी, २०७२

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