560314 : 4

( 3 )

.

1. 2. 3.

4. 5. 6.

1. 1.1

1) / 2) 3) (Retraction) 4) 2 5)

45

2

1.2 1.3

2. 2.1 Cilia

1. (Upper respiratory tract infection : URI) 1.1 (Common cold, Acute rhinitis, Coryza)

Rhinovirus, Adenovirus, Parainfluenza virus Respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) cell infiltration 3-4 1-2 (), , Antihistamine Steroid 1. Antihistamine Decongestant 3 rebound chemicalrhinitis Antihistamine 2. Penicillin 7-10

45

3

1.2 (Acute Pharyngitis) 3 6-12 - hemolytic streptococci group A Posterior pharynx (Hyperemia)

1. -hemolytic streptococci (AcuteGlomerulonephritis) (Acute Rheumatic Fever) 2.

ASO titer

1. 2. Penicillin Erythromycin 10

1.3 (Otitis Media) Eustachian tube Pneumococci Hemophilus influenzae -hemolytic streptococci group A. RSV.

(serousexudate) Eustachian tube

45

4

()

1. Ampicillin 2. 3. (Myringotomy) 4. 5. Decongestant Antihistamine

1.4 (Tonsillitis) 9 hemolytic streptococi group A.

Throat swab culture1.

2. 3. 4. Tonsillectomy

1.

1.1 1.2

45

5

1.3 Antihistamine Decongestant

2. 2.1 2.2

2.3 2.4

3. 3.1 Febrile convulsion3.2

3.3

4. 4.1 4.2

4.3

2. (Upper airway obstruction) 3 - 3 croup - (hoarseness) - (barking cough) - (inspiratory stridor) (expiratory stridor) -

45

6

2.1 Acute Laryngitis, Laryngotracheitis, Laryngotracheobronchitis 6 3 Parainfluenza, Respiratorysyncytial virus, Influenza

subglottic

1-3 vocal cord subglottic stridor 3-7 2.2 Acute epiglottitis 3-6 Hemophilus influenzae

supraglottic epiglottis, aryepiglottic fold,ventricular band

epiglottis 2.3 (Foreign body aspiration) 6 3

(atelectasis) (persistent pneumonia) (Lung abscess) (bronchiectasis)

Wheeze rhonchi stridor obstructive emphysema atelectasis

:

45

7

1. 1.1 1.2

2. 2.1 2.2

2.3 2.4

3. (Lower respiratory tract infection : LRI) 3.1 (Acute bronchitis) 1. (Allergy) 2. (Infection) RSV, Parainfluenza, Hemophilus influenza, Streptococcus pneumoniae.

3. (Chemical irritation) mucosa mucous PMN ciliated

45

8

2-3 , Emphysema, Rhonchi crepitation Wheezing 1. 2.

3.2 (Acute bronchiolitis) RSV 6 2 2-3 wheezing (diminished vesicular breath sound) Wheezing fine crepitation overaeration interstitial infiltration 1. 2. 3. 4.

45

9

3.3 (Pneumonia) (terminal respiratory bronchiole) (lobar pneumonia) (bronchopneumonia) 1. 5 2. 2.1 Streptococcus pneumoniae 2.2 Staphylococcus 1 2.3 Hemophilus influenzae 3 3 2.4 Klebsilla Pseudomonas 2.5 Gram negative bacilli E.coli 3. Mycoplasma 5 10-12 4. (Aspirated pneumonia) 5. Rhonchi Crepitation 1. 2. 3. 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 1.5

45

10

2.

() : Empyema, Plural effusion, Lung abcess, Atelectasis Lymphocyte Pneumatocele Staphylococcus aureus Consolidation streptococcus pneumonia Nodular bronchopneumonia Pathchy infiltration pseudomonas Interstitial infiltration 1. 1.1 1.2 1.3 1.4 2.

1. 2.

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11

3.4 (Atelectasis) 1. 2. 3. (surface tension) mediastinum

1. CPAP (Continuous positiue air way pressure) PEEP (Positive and expiratory pressure) 2. 3. 4. Surfactant 5.

3.5 (Asthma)

45

12

wheeze Hyperaeration Eosinophil Serum IgE Skin test 1. Aminophylline 2. 3. 4. 5. Steroid status asthmaticus 6. 7.

1.

12 (Febrile convulsion)

2.1 4 2.2

2.3

3. 3.1 3.2

3.3

45

13

4. 4.1

4.2 4.3

5. 5.1

5.2 Respiratory isolation 5.3 5.4 -

6. 6.1 6.2 Aseptic technique6.3 6.4

6.5 6.6

7. 7.1

7.2 73

7.4 7.5 7.6 7.7

8. 8.1 8.2

8.3

45

14

. (2531). : . : ..

. (2537). . : .

. (2533). . :

Whaley, L.F., & Wong, K.L. (1995). Nursing care of infants and children. St.Louis : TheC.V.Mosby company.

1.