?d 116 / da, r-tt t /4),Ld, -:

CH6 ' Sh.*. fu-egfh

=X.-r. Sj:,*r4rf S:Lt ,- is ll,q r"'i.lar^".. -f o 'o,l 'l' B.;l*--. in

sheanr. IL ir vevS inporJ-^+ in a,^a!ai7 .oil t,/o-Li l;f, pmble'ns

sngh .ts , -

@ EuriE .Toq "( "Ao//o* ttfu a^,ud pil.c.

@ 7""- s/*b;/,! "( /L .s/a7ts .{do*,"s ^^nd a,Lanknenb.

@ /-J.^d,l *n#- pres.tu?,z- trt r=h;";y ,o/lr.f f u* o Sro,'n{ 6-.' o?7 p/oore ui/*i^ a- -car"/ rytdrtt ,/r-

S/'Eo,,r s/-ress rc) Aererncs 7,r"/ k TK- -rA.otr- s+.rg I.-(f5, , 5) ^/ f*- --'/, E /,*r*- ,^ril/ oecttr al /4^/ p/w -

j/VL,! :;';t.ri.--rr 6Y g i-,o -,v,iAit.F.*,r &gt&,a(f ) Ll;rc,C,Jr: VtW & f,rrrC-)- =}; <,v-. n;r.$s1

-d 'sr--,J-Il <-,L(-Cf =S) o,j*l +,t 6,&)b4t &iJlt..J.IY

D. . I <-r J, a-)1tJ1-,3'-']'

-TA*re eri:* att ru -s/r"sted po,tn\, /|rre- "ffi^,-plar",es , d'. nth;ol', 4l'"-'* a." (wz "shear sf".*"\ . Tl,*te. O,).r",a.ye ca,tt"d ( pr,^upo,l Fiq.nes) - U no",nof -s-)resses **Vcn )Ause pl*rres c,re c^llad ( P.,"apal slress*" ) .

gr I Ma.1 * P*i,"'.lpol -s|*..s ( f-"g.'|) ,

O*f r M inor P"l,^df { sh.-*.. (S^,.l{ *.}) .

Ol ', I,".I.,r** &it pr;^u p^ | sf.<.rs ( : 0-g I . sd I )

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

5,,.: t$t6/a\td'dt /eLA1 &--d,r-*

On Plo^e ,P ol ,On P\q.. "P 0-z -;

On Plr^" ,l 0z ,

0i-, T- o

Az r T=o

ffi,7=o

S,T=o

cE tT= 6

d!;-tt7:D; -6 e.;..--*t s +l\-o'>

, W / c n *--) o2, ta')l c.{r^rJl

Ju, oS (62 +--'J-.L3J (f) r,."X 4

. e-e

W 4a'-l .il ,.o ( P"'"cipal P/^,,.r) ;Jl, )--,lt _r*b <,\ €i *-l -.p^l . ( g-) {.}ry2 t f} ?*.lz- ( e= o) ,6 a,,p t

. f P',^, p! s*usse) : i+atLt:Vtt ,o)D*;)-- -'\V?tL----.--^ a-9 c_;t*oL- a,*- +\ g uA)\ Zr"rpr *

. . Qi, =3r;.,-, r,&up--,, bt*nt\ c*) &t €.r:-tdl a)r!-"_:Jr _iA ,,. ,, Q.t-n 2u), -2tu57b4\/)t J"G e*dtJ5p\j;-

r

-\;4r'"'-t'\\'..\)-\.\"'"tr" 7./ l\

6,-*

r (-"*)

?(+ve)

fl (-ve)

(+ve)(+ve)

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

{-)lr 1a6, / cilDr ";d t I a)",Lr i---lrr-

-Jtlt >lril 7L'.o. 1-3 E C6i : r ) .t& oG\ L. z,---t-. a.ra +"\) t AIJ% b-r>. -br €;--- +t J'u--nr,iJ t c,idr'W)-

'(g> 4) -sj"-J1 )4*'. 6 ,L-'

fg ))t ( p---)) u; <:" J,--c\r q't))t Q', (9) ?))t y-a *. <r-+P,Sro cttL) 1.>*p-"

+.?

t''/I

?

2

si^ (zD)Tg='-.-a

\ -.-a-..,a.--"ur,

. (ot, o; ) =

);r Z\'\2Jtc4J/ "\3\, r= =*-, *Gc-:- j*.-.*- /* o\,\3**gr .y' ( A a; Ld ;Jt;t v 2*;7 --E-; €) +

. ($ )\D,l-;4">(o;) +;..-.-o, c.V_. ft ,d o(,Gl')L :* ;t .S r ** 4 )',';p\*J t 16W)t 7 :;-'. a

( ;) ,,v ?J\ n );Jt) cy. G,""= T'f <r al.*o.F tlt ridt'Lel x

*-4 ( t)---.t)+c q-G

T

Dire.han

Or+ 03 cT- 6r"o=

(ze)z

0'-63

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

z5 t 16 { rldtc*dt {ry"tt a.--,i4/)} f-

l'4oh"- Corlo-b G;lur" C";l."ia--

u^L in o makn;o/ o."u., bJ o-

crih'c*l cs.,^b;no,hcn "{ UJJ:* o^^.cJ *:K .s1ve<sgs t q^_d nofbJ Dorrno,l dY- sh.or t*ets orltne- "

)l' &)-,,.:.r ( r ) t Co-) <t& -4 oS D;"t v ='!..----

J"J4 d*)l. J, (e ) )-n'it7tt 'i (o') L.4';,,('u) E;4':=ep;i JD,

at w^r e'/^.b/,rhud bJ Yloh. JAqt Jl'o shers./ress is ^ [r^"Aa, ,I W ^ppli"d- nnrrn,l .\r-ts (r)d7) lA- 4*,1^* rrl*€ :^

TrI

Co^l^b , d.B'^.d -l/'--Tf = Si= C+-

cu ]t"-.;

T(,S ,- ,S/',. ,r t'l"a1ilra, /,* sh.or. -sfress ^+ A/*r-6r) E lrr- 1r/o^o -

nor,nal s,fress ^"+U "r-, A-Ln plann^e. ^* !*:1*"

C-hesit>t .f ll.,-- -"dt I

n yt. o/ ,nJunnol ,4r.rl'*,, , ^,1j/" u/rA.nr,ynesi sfa^c€- t ,,y l" , / ,rr 1r*r, u

(o-) UJ_-f':L-"J\ ,Y,oj tJ*irv't ((-f) c,@tZu,C- {; aL,p a?_;lc ,-Jr rw t j>vwf :lilt

=jJr </;14<tj.t *r,z*'. </ c:/ "Ot

( s hea,,r -frr71il.. Po^-./*t). ( r.", /*.) d) b> ( c ) cn _ruq.: (Coh"s,nn) A-fi r _F

O-t -

C,.o

(iv;t; <16: (il V -_r- ( Ul",l inb*t #,ayyut E&tt 7",t, - q

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

', -iJ t 4*16" / d)a r c;,"dt / a:,,,t t a-"ns, iB3 plottiy .1*^,h.". @, .^re. ca^.-\ c^,,a1..l'nde.^1fl."*, i/ -l{t,-

norflal ^-.d sI'*- stresS€s 6n a- pl^^. in a. "s-l ma-s-s

&rL ,uoA 1A"4 lfy plot o.s poi^+ (A) ,1/,.-*, sh.-rr#;lrr-utill nol occur ;f -#U plof o,s poin* G) +/,,^. Erl^.uutill aecur - n -s/aft, o/ -6t-.t, plothy a,-r poinf C.)c-a,rn not e'xisl

*4 , ( L;t*y-€- e^v€ l"pe) *z *t-- Lo zt,v" oB O f, t\.u\ r o.C @") +r\{ €;jrk-y'- (c) +,{ ('.--i)*dt--}r

a.- \ - , r'---:

CY*, LU ai^(f1,.'. env.tope) A. (&-,) 23 atDt Lt;t 6p *b\;

<_

;3t og<3,- (ffi ln . enve{ape) tr-p f; V; );; J,^')-"}1 g,,*:)*" 2;a\,,D 2 t &t rV: I tW da a\ (j: Gn\ c)_:__-; o__C_I

Sh.* 51"^jil- (T+" S) edt E "e'c-,+ t 4 @ ira:r"t \ (y #

-'(c2,or,() 16oa-frrCahe-sittw-> :)-At -fft,'.42-,^' O\qpj) - -

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

>" 7 I -*6, /-lU t adt I bL"Lr |-",;ri*t uoy'cr @:it.F

"tJtc,rY"pGra) $dt'Wt jy.v- zr

l,.D yL A , ult ylA\L\rVj\ ;e|,u;-A'D ="a\<r/,t,,t- ct*:/ J)'1,r,9. . Ly.,ut t

lc , Q) nis PGaI s,'ss.)rp G;^at Z\:11,t)t&t/ t"r -p. (e til 1* VGf/*/'vegts,$p ;;*\ro\pt)tO/)it-q

ooo -1fu @ c-,,,.., be ye ^writfe,n as : _

a7'ler =J-r

,A*,--f-p - S ,- -shuon- t'lr.y)L

."fr

2,6 ,,- .ff"alv. -rA-rn.h*yil. parr.nak4r.

(s6,Te

A

l"

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

a"jJ r =),

\t" I i)ArAt I -i.Jft-;|r r-o{-)\+;"-. FJ* , w ha,.te j

0g = t;* + ry.o=es) *-Go)

G = q-- 6 si" Czg) ^(eu)

-D-- ,--6*irn bo)*"r'^ (g) "t" (0) is yiv e*,, hj t-

€/=4sr+S^Lr). yr@ in - O a.^-d o\rr^Viy ,-

or-= G L'*Gt+ 4)*zc)-,^G.* q- .(+d

-(=.)

""+ A(rx)

Gb)

sR g-- 0"-- 2--

fil5* e .+ Az-

a^^d p= ur+qvsfu'&1' @ (- @) aN.e- ,.|.r."d J-o o. s tln- Moh.- G*l-,,^t f^l*..

Cvil<rian - TF a- ntr,^b*^ "/ =/o)* o/ -r|tuu ^". Lnnnrn, -.-cA

qF , Fr-'- #-- Vrzvitws Q**. ,Qr: qT

si n O =Or+cE . ^_ L_

z-

Ur-Al ->t1f \ 2y-r-,- -t- Xs^"t \ 1 ; ( qV), ( +o) 15- a--rs,rJ I -*

....})1t*,ab-l , ior,o; ) --:lt&,,Vtrr c c,6)-

,\t1,, -r

/,^'.AU1 ;t tU?it or^,a 't*tt cZfi.:-r "i

ij',-Jrt,o)-o

* = G -t-,*(qs+ 4) +zz h^(ts*1) (r^)

.sin 6 =

przducin-q tAu-r,.r A/"r. in tu tat/7 /l-e- ui/e'rlan aslL(rnet W,Va cavnman 4l#, refre'u^1J bg -l"at1-t" @, cev"'t be-

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

1"6 | a;6 / afit c,dt / -) t ;.-r,lt {dra-wrt -]" +{".- l4oly d.cles rvpres.nh' +/.- -rrb,fr., , /s,/ress - 77",s c-s>nynan ,hu"^t i-, c^//"j ?-/A-"_

" fl'lu*e e-,n ve 1op " tt

.

r ( e,A ) "i ( c,O) "fAt:VstJ1*>-

&L;vdt L. =Cdio 0 J:)lj/ -alr r1 ( h, e ) "f (u;,q) &-:'J1 J\y2zir

<.-v (8;l^* e,^ve[4") )tofr <])- @ "i @]J,uJr

Sh e',* -T"tl-= ;- oA)\ j-,ua.;

E--v'v' /3J 4itr, Z;t 2*. ,)rt ?.t/t'iF-D-

d-:I t:*t-----;r^

t Ar-;'rr 2ue;7)1 ,s-

,,'(c,b ) c,i)t

t^-_s-1 4^^ - \( c, Q )

-Dir..l Slreonnr----I-e-sI

.-:- Al qL\ Gs

-Giorx lal C6^ ;lress idr,rI.) I eSf

..trJy6y6 bL;tt eg

C;'"lido.lJU^drovi'"e/--l-e s 1

(c u {.,})

t lr.*ro lids+Jl-,|.^dro.inJ-T-es I( uu +.+)

aT-[J^f]"i".r/T=rt

:il'te,*^ TL.ls

l),*F^J G*p"*,^c-.I

-elllTa;,-lt*-s

Cons.,l;d"/J-Dr*^u-/-Te: ICc n +*+)

o)a-D.c^""/TLrf

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

a'rJtJD,* l.; $,ad,/ try)t;--alr ";

Sheqr T.=ts, u.iar;,t*u'i'' !' t-' :''''5J a-i'rr <, aiti -'-r- *;=-l

=-;:. t au;Flt ,o c';J -2r..-j

-. ;r-e;Ar 2Fr J-C,. gf,6) "i (.,g; q,;Jr

6 Di'o.t Sheor'T."t Fgrcral[s; Pn N.wnJ F,r.<

1' -.i('*rllr -Jf<^ , i;r5; a;;r, ;r Ar; Zft Pal gag

J-f+ )Cs;JrJL (R) a +*z!)Ir -.-. ,f+,>..1{. shcl box €h

irir'I, f, *- :lrlJr&.J3,rlrr;Jr +1. (A3;rr.;-.

( Er") : i:'J\ --s!:lr ,,-t] . O:Jr d4t it, r i],(Aal ga5c) 3.o!r,--r.1- g.!;-i (:r) ar;r a^!jr-

il..$*Fail,r"c,Plcne

* 4. ( ?'.*^5 R i^g '.i.\t t-Q ':.ra f\t-i ) A-;t, J.*.lr i,;,lr I P1r1 ;r:;_rJr i_3r u- €,i-

[C= +l .-u;; $::]\ '.o;r\-L1 r ..: fr= hl rr- ' (r) -r:-.r]r=**,rr

Q'**;,:3.,;,.t2 (6;15r e+) 4;t-. 4li 6s; ;,-_. (sus.z) ,..1, l*Jr"l.Ar !1- .l

( o-) ?r-,tot:L.ro--r.rt i ;4 ("f) &:xr *-. c.€Jr '1,+.1 ^&tsv ;iJJ. d-r 44_].,}.(s\e.- sLc€'ld ?an,xrt"r)c.2:1 5taa t Z-r.*.r'-- -h a* ,-Jt<.yt

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

+; \ 4;6 I derdt / q^\ ;-*tt J

+cgtO

+Gs'to

lict@

<F

Tg

Tg

(r (rlcrl0 t o@

\\..[a3

trsb

II

,

I

II

I

l.J0TEj F'F sq.J(.h'4:!{.zFlgl €=€ =6

6=6:'Tf . fl-*O rdr

Tf 'g--*a*6(t-

+ca*O

'Tjpt.-,/ ,vuJ* 8- .sa.ds fterful a* >1h ia..^€. (r) L* niJl drfA,-e-volJ mib a*t sAoan n *4e -6tures b./au , -

&pn:t'on DcNc Scid

Loorc Sandor x.e. clqy

canFdqt

I\n, + ' \ J!.- ^, ,r, arJ;.rt i l- "-',t ,l- -l-l-r rr <,a.,iJr & *;!.rrJr ,; _h-..}'O;al i2. e <-l;

<) .;"t +. d;*':r )-1, 4- ( +;l €+ *;iJl;trt *,r,) E:.*..*4 6:ir.!- -r. ozrt J-:i\ )* t$.ir r1,_*

- -e-.-) "E +6:rr I J*ZrrV,_,tr 2:Jt

f--') ,-tt-- otAt-rr-,'r Zr:nrri (?*. wo&rr- F*r"*)g\-rl -tLt \-> ,r i Lfrr)

!;,rse 5*d

Ltc.ae S-rJ* rt.c,.e,l1t

(€h)

-Y

' (D.^r".""'. 4a^ail,'',.) ea)\ chb .y.'.)*u1d,6; ,rr.,

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

&; t d;6, /-)ot a dr/ 1t, J,-*$ i@ 'Ti-;axia.l Co*rrre,..siert Tc.* ---$1 4:;l;;rrt, .

rhis i,s /rle ,noct -,C.$ used .sAee ,+cyr/L te* qnd ,z -cr,t!<,L/e. /"_o// bpt -/ -.;/.

(or";n5e c^a*a')Prd'Ib -: - rr,--?J.lrt;l d /e d,t;-r, lrr r-:t <3wlr gt;,,.!io.if.'t Jy +rAt Jlt a'+ v e*tJt ay+(pctc v.*-p,-s*<)g. \rrur J',ir c-l-,.{- b-r,r-},-.J<K

. (€r{**re s}ress ).Jfc;r 'lq-t)t -f Cnl-t s,lo,,s) &-Vt)t c-t-t J*d:,:te;L.;__Jr4r-, <Ha-bv.nae) -rr*'-, E|'tt r-;d-- ( Z €-t-i. br/J)Stq^j-r) &rr;. 4r-L-rAS* LltijrJJr-i*4lt:t1 gJ;Let-* L.; .i- Crv;ax;al ccil) :gJr --..ri. lF-2y,. '_:;,-Jj

,*,1,x s-\r,Jx), ttr !;> ,--tjl -1 712t.$ !,)\- =;r -rrtv

/o-6'rnf pttat4t ,/ c'et/ ptttirrc /ol-rn -a prcssu.c) &V, € e +.,rr t'.;c ?r;r, zr-.; t *

$4 S i';tr 1pt- 9J--J1^f U; ;*; L- J ;Jv Jeg J-;:.-rL +.r '; &u ( ol /.-5,-a7 p,4.,be

:;.I t 1 ?.Su i\rt ,[r J.jiJ ]--ty <53- $iLSy rl';,t' a._)t uctt)1n ztc_Lt-.;.o ,i

C fr^J,or Abi;,"'D c-tr/ it tf(g-LS4-.; I;pilt + '.bt;.4d,,=t,ttr i+, At'.uV $rrrrrJ,L:-+J - 4.-f ri|?\.,.Jr Ae Ar'-t /.i]Jt dtlar Jt J -i,rt, J* !t-.t ( W / r,*,, D,f*n / D',na.,trr strest )sr\)i+ -.t-r: b t €"e 9,-;lr \t '.) , q = 63+E : :I-E- )*thu. |, tr

-,^Jt rtldi)! -irrl't,[.t1 r;-r t...irr 6; ',-t fwrol, clJr Zbsr.oS il^L &_-,2.-,,t l-,- g,-J(

' fv-r-rlr,. aa:sZt o( Z-jULtlt

st^ae O

Atl-r"orr*J Resg..-<,ce.tl pretr.^rq.Co^R*f*g grersrrr<-

Z.t ar,ti]t

+

St.ce @O..ria-{or S\.r'rrS{crts }i9&,"u..e

S= €r+ E.r-q=si_05

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

z6t -iQ f oast G,)t I a;,;t J..,-.t/r r:

O-ri6g5

,Qo- :gt*1't'\,Ft ,P tt:

5t R,.l.o"c Valvc .'**1t\41.a:l,rs

-t".r-rtlr€+Jr6L:r-

q[^.Lr <;dit, Z,It1;r;

*r,2,#,?f,*R-L&.. ,+ _,)?;;r.*{t_,6a4& <s>alril$ 4 g>;ttr<

I

b1.rAit5rCe 6? Po?C wa*te Fr€is,r^r.a. r.CaSrrrcnenlA\-round?rersrrr<, S"ty'I

wt;t <tJ-3'1'. 7:;dr Ja.rt'r rrrr

Trioriorl Ccll <-'.r,2)6iyq: .7tiJtch -l9r,qrf.i2

4-r*\ nLI LL)2,-$-f

_y$f,i.J\.(B) Fr, .!i b{ I;L.,, ,bb^;D

-\ 4)t -"$ Ci- = inAc.

cI- q-;;,4-(ql) Eb;dy$, .l.,,.r, +.. r+; ci ^ ;4 [ qi - rj,,, j]

. (tr^Jty ,€.-) ---:lr.F SLs J*?.|$r

,y,{,r;;-ir;ArcE;o,r--. .;r.-:r,)c&}r,p1... ;.Zt-rglg,a=F€rr E>;,r.dJ_e,r*. , A.A.=Ao * ... JslL .i u--l:;, (orJ.lf slJr

-9J--$r) 3^UJr /tjdt *,; lcu .. , A.<)tlt f. o4irrJrt- ,#l Ju;rt, , €,v

(nor;t R,t) ";ilr.-!-aerc

- I \r crfJ. d-), a4a b, L*;1r*J r*br;;zt,: B

.(.- NV--v = -\r;

.( a+t uAZ !),ur*f *4)J,tt,d_..;r , AV

t;P (-*715 *-;r r-Jt " V.

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

+J^) t :) q, /r) D t ad t / Z) )t J, --""1 t,.J

( brr.Q g"g.)

- -r.- 5cr\u (<sv U-

€qz

Z-el;te*

ol,zJr'i

Lt <; r . &n ld:,+ J,Ur <h,--,Jr,?l nYl- c*tr\+ ttlts) i pur-.;tr

. ( c't.;dr) Ji_lr (l;r\JrL

€a

A{

-0.

tnE bt 4 a t;ur dDl.:, C?n.,. wtor ?.*rn)

t il>;ntt-,, cet ,!--tr :f ) < A; ,ba, --,

lt t r,r{, Je *L.4 J-.:-rt,eL

r. 5TAGE

St4,^r1o. S., a

,fu (ts) ,i ^"/ rg) ranJlc.t 4,-,

2' STAG€ -Two z 'Tr'-e- "-7pr;cato'.L ,/ {- Jcriak ,srl.rs (q),+/;

u;ll fwe*af<. a^^, e-xc.ett pqe hn.fv pntsc*a (AUf )\ua = A Nqg .= A 6f,tfu (q ) tr & p-^gr-( -s/,e-rt J,f/qon"- ,a*d CA ) ,-c d

77.e /te,Jiat .n *la ,Lr.oxrL/ /s/ * Jr.o.Je.d ,.nb fuo .sre€s...oN€ , Arr0,

4s ,u,// ;7e'rt "*

h! lL anl;c,t/ 5+c fC av -// rou*,d p,n"r*rJf ,aur ?.2ccc-rt pcye aafr.- f,arroorc (l.Ug-|.

t03Y

=+ -l*ffi-*- lo=

AUo 3

N\lo.= $ 03

Ex"rrs

+" j{.e

{'9.a* :

aY

Pee

B.= o

pore r^f""L- plrcstrre

a.pphc.a,kay' ,f CSE)

A\la = Bw*f.r pneJt^?.p-

6r- c-*?/r*/J

3*r.r^led drre.

\cLPata,nafr4._.

Jy ,roi/ , b

/^- rnL8- I

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

Z6t-a6 /Adt<"Ct/ Q);t S--;lr r-pore vtr+r ptzttr+z C A) . -TLc val,r<,

l- SJte-s-c hi:t.l>J (o. .- R )'z- Si-,"ir. F4fu

.3 - To-ot;r!,

-f CE ) Jrp"rJ, dyr g

t1.,1*Jr.1Strc*iorr

A.b;er* sl'r.- -

A\l1r B S(lg Uo+ BUI

S*.-.r.J \r,s ol -l;;*xial -ll"+

A- \J^"o,.so l:d*leJ Ll'.Jro.i^.d (., LJ"J,oi,n.d +o"l) - UU tcr*ts - Co' s. l;dnl.*J \1r.dro.',^e,J C U l.sfc- Co. r. l,JJeA Dr^',ne, d (o Dror^c.J +.*) CD kef

+S.l'o6e $,2 Os s+" eO, E

s\..oti" sA'.ss ,*p {o git...Uf" U,+ \Ua+ AUe

Ut,(Jo+Bf3 *8Of,u.r..tr = \Uo +, bU3

A\Io ! Fxc.rr p.w, p do.6 -:,Lyc. crrt4 .

I5 U .- €*-.tt p. t t. p Jorto s,hg e, ,fuo

. J*'.3\ rlAn -i"rSr 4\.,,.Jr .,. p f .lrl-J ,:._- *

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

a4r ) 4 6 /dap-d t /e,;] z.-q)i f @A - lfhc Un.ons. /r'Jo/eal (uu knf ) ,

'rrt IL:rJ Ef.r.Do.,r -\ +.tt- ;r;- (A) ,t5, ai &wpret].)t tn:rrtt .Ji- Ad? ,,'- |t;'u" J',P \- -!a\ lr b'; <-t:.- e.

----ry .) 6 t;lt oi4,. C.-}ut g ,1)t

g i'); - .n L:tr r:.o. ( uq ) 6;;su L-t -t$ lfr, altb !-* ev)Lr e| xf-r q .1q 1 J l'- \ C* rl ;* ;rL (A)

SrZ:r bjt-. ( luc) li,,ri.L, f r_q,{r j,.ir'(q)g;upgr ;-'!Jr, ( G ) 'G ju-tt- (.;;rr jet) at a)- r<.-:lr, ( ru.; itJr

. f1it .lr.-a t+-t ( Lt".r*s.li&*.J) Z*5, .,-g b S*:., jI;:d\\lD. (sr..*,"rStrc.e q)gfur r:'rr \r-ra+rrcr3J.,Grr;r-rrs e *ZATer-l-.,t li- 1A) dr.J r )j-. (rua) Z.t;.rr0ir-.rr--r.r-rrrr Li-z i J;r7>!)

( u*A'^i,". J)-.,1'.1t.":o:*i,+. ( srfa; )tJ, t', \r;rh !l;odrtVt;fi -:-tJ ( Q*ick re*) /-Pr o.)r i;, =! a!., e lcJt ,a-, i r*Jlr *1-t

. -t -' 6:zl"*t (PV> J9

) -r: ' I t 1t:, ljtt b Z.to z"; -;' *c;t W bry , jfi, e 6<V ::; !, E,

, --ef.))6'3 ( *h/ -r*ect) ct-t l:u a,-)t -eJ--t)' 'ts

t s *'F A v-t iF.. Z>yr i )Ar rJr*ru Lr L):t c-tAq o,]tr r:o i z,w +j..^..r, ( U ,->;,) fu.,t=:- :r^.)t et\ela ( G) , ( h) --;; ,J i. ;* ':)i

,

C)+2 ( 7_, 't\ ^l Z,Jtf-) .^-t1 ,\ ,)))., f,- _rt r! Aryt lru L, I r

G/4-J're t4rus)dt'-ll >/rt,r.-t b ri -y JL. p J; i-ot- 7Jr- O Lo a,r#

P;rh, G.clc inl.rtns4.€{edtue sr}rcss

(oi) +2

Zri6' (a.i) & :;l;^d,gu2:. *p I Z.ti,Lt

f* ( r.r.c. <

'=,1:. ( €)

fd,t*r. ...r.l.pe i^ J€rff .f Jnl.; s}rrs,Qq. o ? S- [*tt5 "^L*+.{C*= g I Nr.c.e.z_J

r6 (oi)I

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

;*3 t 4-+ 16 / .i tl t c-n) /q;t a.--lt tc}'i, (€u=o .) '5u<-.bv=o) gtlrif -;t .sr yat-t) <r;)tr- tAr\.a ,' ,T?t*/u )*l \--I"/D ,i-:r *- i Er;nti./tlr iu, g,uJr nrr

t,..ar 4r-__rr s,.,t

'(i;b't.?; L* zZ*,-.- ir,p.pr .!r--, aw /)r 3i.ytr :r-i*, &iJ, b-avr.,_is *;$r5, Jrr 5:rl d,b. ir: 4;,Jt' ar/ <r';i-. *r-i:,U" d...-a..rrr;'GJ'rr'.Dzf- k"rt J.*qpJ:;;-lVr c^Jr r,r, L i.2,r /?rZ;a:r 2e ijl! +J,,

4,,/,.,. ,

Z*/ -/- 7.;n1*/ -s,*us - 6 , ei +GtgT"k^( ,n/nor pnl,ap-/ sfus = q

A_ Ccu *e*):.?irrasrJr f 4'.rry i,'J*J. -arc,Ar Jybt;z- a> j.ir;$ 6w9rn LJ$ t;Dcr *P (ar,1i)r a-5' ( Nu^) Ji i/' *i \;o- ( u) l"4V Y U? f.r -. &t Q *

?.t;'os!;- Zt;nt f;t )ce+ g lD- /.i"itt/tLJjt it ; ,,-, -rv.(lu.) i--.(of)F, \;.A, t Arlur f.^irr.lrl-rl (?t- ct -.ov].,l{a;t E-p_ . (g> 4,ra6s (lv) *Jr i,;lrcr6. (bua=o)+, ( G= vi)+aA;6;r^t,rW(

2 .(

p.n ( ml *t $) 0.J ,J-*\'+$r a+c-A t i-.; ,ls! \;lpl 1 rli)r--.t:*.

PtaF- r (sue) Z.t;nrd"b )i (q,l L{^ -q?,t). lt;,tt pilJtr-.o)r(q) li, -,J€ydy.L (bw)*C4 at (A) ya1,lr:r ? z-s 4

G = qi N\-rJ = q_ Aq-, (ij\ dve 4Ar Jr--.-,31 a, ;. ( 6, \ A ( (€) P "!rl J tC sx )i,o-l .,*

au.d(+)

A

'. €qo."ll- - _

5

c-)

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

Aa t;J 6 /a t; t a,n) t/ 4;t.;.-o,/t i(o.c-c.) :;ol '-gt-2.,::'=p-p (rs.c.c) q.,"r 3_-lr-:... ( lf) 4 *

, ( o.c.P-) )tt :;2 ( A+l 4-ot; orq-,

J-tl

* 'l'

7ra^i"/sEert s f ,dr€=

T -4,/ qlG+ as

TJ= o;-- qi = f- €

t

; ff , C.n + f k* Q.* ; J*^, o7 aA/ t*an

--\,

Ja+-\,&

)'crd €Jt+- (a*,/ -r.L<,sss) c-r--, b').rl-lr E ,rrr)r lio<r ,rd- *(€/y'c"|'re Erfesses ) r-t- 1- ht j.rjJ r ;Fi€/{ec',ve, ,Sfuses) crt-.1-Jtt':. ti;.lf dy ;,{t -i . (C., , e"*) f:,y 4+- ,;Arcr $,"r:lr tpll dt-> 4Jp:f,;t L;e rrfi r:'4.t <e3-

, ctdAt

Vh/ Fy'r V-Ac.7a./ -rrlo-t = 6 = As I GtS7r/./ t*htr pn;c^p./ .syl,z.t '. 6i

Po." ve.foe fr*sav- ,l fr/-.*, UOf - if *,€/4"/U. minar ?nhdf*( sfuu = G : ve -U Efa/Qrrq;rc ,ne/aT

V

,* Nohce- +lra{

'd Ty'. E + A Ja,^ A h ,Lnt "y' +ft*tn t/rctr-thl Slress TasJt€F€eehve sfircss resk

e=E-- o +d-+- F 2 6., -*AF (u.c.c.) '?iy*? ,euii ,7 b^' t/ t l1-*. ';?ur

r /.e /ou th /e-n, o/ ,+,a./ .tltr

c.* , Q"n *cF 4; Obd.tL (o."-c. ) 'yfr *

aei), , (o6L (6)a

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

e6t46 /o:u1a.dt/q;;t e--*l)t r: @;- 77. AEs/*&eJ- b"o,-oJ Te=* C cD *rs*)

<r3t clt:. Jy> i7r. Z;z) (A) d3ti4 ju.gre /t)1 r_:.o i *( c-u) Z, ,rj ue L,:lr lr-A .it; o.i)r a JJrs\ G,r.,A ,F

J\-Jr.'$) ).2a * +'.'l-1-?rt (s:.r) .L., -.t r_:;r:rric-;1 +(l{lu\ff;-a-<;'u', lt-r6'tl-!t, 1.- -\! lrl,t i);'rq5ur) jv

r

sE= qE

fr= sf = aI+QJ

I

-: AC €-PJ . &t,pL J)t4.

,.€v " 4l<IJi Jt r---s,,. a,t)\,)->rCr ( Lv) *dyr.ts,r cr\s *_

-: - "

(6:/e"r1vc -9/r.st) (rt-t Lu ,Pt l:^O j C; af i *

(f)3 qf

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

s-/ ) 4,W /ailt a.dt7 &trA) e-,dr i q-; zsLlt 4n b,-iittsr Zt+o-'. Zrj''\d,+ arr^ AUor;,.

,P (.>)' (c\) ,f g Kr;.Jr 3.r-r) Jlar5.rejV 4 dtlt(F o,*Or +

dflt,'*3t /":*jsZ.;u, A'1 r 3s.j.+ | ttia tj";LJ, i-.j,,.,iizr..r lLr-r.("*D^!tIl-J, 96'tVit y4.''- ,br t+ r> ttttr...--.J Z_Q-c 4Jt. *[e+1*'o; ttfr't e? d tjstl 4\"--: (e) l.t;'JtaF Z!> z\);-, d)t.-

o-r2t6t 4n l\:;rr ,rr :! r.,i,* t ! t-\ e , +LA -h-J\ 6t;^x €, f-

+ ,'rj4>- (g,,it #1'2ttt.*\-! 'y s'u) lb-Jt tJ, ( qil V .

(1,^J,y

,t'i.rt tlltc:;{,-Lw}t,,)D:D;. f;-^, Lr* (.e) ;) Z.3i{} 4}_ (fue).i;r of+ c j'-

C".J.;A,n),y-"6v lt *, Jrf,r..;*:, r+r G,drhTn) rg t-lte )!1 r21-l---t *t -3t f,r..;*)l f:; Lu irr,-zt ift' (cu) . (vu)Zr

,.-.1 v< rj-D- - (tt^d.o;n J r"st)Jr;1 -*r*t:t -rC> - 1V*;^-J r."/ ) )-At ,-,*Jr _.,

tD g C .)r{ Oi- e w,;.2. t)rir-.fa EJ,rs..o ( u-d*;n"d n"+) dz4t -e,r) r n-yr-t J# Ar.- ?-ryU- t'-D: C t Z+-rJ-v+2>r,t)]-Jl1j9, c/\-\1.rrr1

'=;; ,/ci.,\b ir-? +.P e* -f .+)D 1'"\- S-tnZt-*IJ, ?-- ),,1 ,ir)r c/l-\; 't\t Li+ q.--J.i 7-^.>a;lf; ;4> a<- a)r,

J-)J1 ci'Jtfuy(6rcli^o E L;:c f;rau$aEtrs € CDai^ed r.d) J-)J1 @Al

Q'"1,V) J/ ;h- F- ii1 ,:o, 6e | S+e7a.xL a p\ ,r l,;-rr .l,Dr /\-lr-rJr/">'!u -4.11j'.) tu6 v;t ,,t Jt ?;;

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

a'JJ t /;6"/&,7, UtH;t J--/t r- @A [t nr-r/,nJ Cntr€o;n %s{ z*srt 4 L;;j,o,'.); tr;rrr cp t (uu)ob ;r E^,L !-,,.o ci,tr dw* ebt ar>trJ1E ir1*

JYi;ur.arn ,! . (qa= o) gd\p I* crr erirr. I*." ) 6:tr ir;].r __*t3,- fr- Lr;J \ r:,.o . .}:])t riu 1, bt , (q= o.;). ); (_s,rS fL L>

. ;JfeJ' &;iu Jz-7 P- e gy rrlt.*y t tk\ |*-ci--,s-'oj€, bli 6fi_,stg_),

t-

(

We22

Jf,*,2',-e+ = LL "*.,1^J %rya;wr -S/>.u?y-C* = (,('^""*/-,,*-t ilr-q Sr+*C/4,qF , How b*r"6- srL.^. 4 ,1/,^"..i

/:Ff )?t *tVr dr-rr.,'\ LiI? of a;; zvart, e ?O,_ g*- ctjt dF *. ((.tdr.,hrd) Znn;), ,:,^O 4zq clq_ t;.LJtt _J er_^,r)

--jr2,.? tz>'o+t-z?r- ,*-tlv .;..L Lfrirr 7u,.tto,,__t gt u>+, x

TL,^

I

T= C^= 2*

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

ry,4\6/an \c;.d,lZ;,t\ e-Qt r-E" O r F-*. +k-- =;l pr.f;lu- =har^*i'', &"'*. F^J -j/,-. -sh.-o-

s+reyl{- "t (a) A"^H Cq-) be/rat N,G.L ,/ tlr"_

oAt LP. G.LP1 obav- ru.G.L.

s&e

uat^- h^ilu :

-so^d,/<qfr= l9 t<rt/n3

fi= 3o'e = o A o

3t5

a

E= o; - ()o = (tg *s) - G*,"\o + 4S +/o^^- so' : z 6 /.rt/'^-

abaue P'G' L

= 45 N/u"

6 N.T

@

o /nteret( / rrz )"/nt N.G.L (^;fr /e s/^tn- ,/',-- t '/ aLd>e LJ.T L.)

d.T a* N.G-L--o -S = Tg = V -+ 7 1-r'-- Arr

-' Le-ris 3^

G = Ft Lla = (s*b -r t1* t) -(a*/4 = 4s t^tl*

r-. T-F=o+4Sa/-" si == zG P,r/*is ln belau

^J. G. L@ N.r.

t6--(tx ts+A*B) _(q *,0 : 5 t knt/w,L

; TF -- o + gt )o,^.So = Zg.q ,"Jl",P

. d f,lr- LrrJr a, y-, c[A Zv\Zi5-tr &.; ( k ) ).+ *

x @ , In a.n ur*rt?n"d c^r-pressiat l.tl or^ a <a^ple "{sa4o,'na+..l .ltll , i4,-- undrdnul -sheo,r -,|y"^J//- i, ,€urdL-d be (+a\ w/* af

^- sa,1^,,p1" o/ {*---*,,,^* sai/ is lakJ

in an unJrdn"d -lriaxjal e",,-pr-ssr,ovt }.rf (UU+r+) a.f o,.

<el I presure- o/ (t+z) lct) l^L" \r.Jh# -+"J'-/ qcio, I

Pressure- utouJJ pTaJ*.e- &1",- ,/ /L sa*&pl--

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع

4, i;\6 /.:;Y1 <-dt / 4) 1 A-4 r is"Q. R. +1,* un.^^fr^J co^^pressiann bl ;

O^:e

G=-)

ftL b,-s l^Lq- q;

-9o^*-e.

+6=s".;l +- _s61a,^g (C),-

c, _ll? =+ i. W = Zz4 Fd /,.,1-T

3: g: a la, di6i* G

-I"*+"6e--t72- 6i

U U 4 es'l-

{

Q1e ,. Tn o.d',a)n"d l,axia"l -t.*+ 6T-)^ s1>eotwten .P "l*n.JIy-san'cJ , I^;/,^-. o..ur.d ,^lJn.," J{.e- #-J ve.h cal s+x<--cs

t,w, ( q zz ) bil l* , 14* l^].*^l -s.fre-cs was (rcA) w l*D.f,*vnivwe--; @ e @ Nor-^l gke-<-s o^^4 = h

"^a"nslre-ss ac,/t'r3 o>1 l-/.,^ ylan- ^

l^,n= &rtnro k o-Ld,^t

+, oeeL),r/. @ 7>*- inc/inah'm -{ -/L 4;ln,-- pb,*e-1-o l *- h-niuy)l*'t -

We ho^re; .{= 423 wl* , q =:g6 p,.-){,,^' , Z=o'-' -sin Q . =#-- J,.: s)n V= E-E -t123-tgX= a.so g

ry -*e ej7 6+rz 4z=3l3X

; 7 = go.5'

g = ut* 4 -5-'; P= ao'3"

k: +G *$G c^@o)-T?sltzt*ry*rG*r.lLJn - Z_

= ZoX k^J /,""2

T+ = ry -sin (zo) = 4x=138 sin (z+ 6o.s) = )2",v kill*

Sr(

co

'(=c+ 6'1a^6

ودحم مفىصط

ممدمح

د. : داداع