Standard English Grammar

STANDARD ENGLISH GRAMMAR ACE, CGEt

NOUN - 2/51 Pronoun - 3/51 Article 7/51 Adjective 9/51 Adverbs 10/51 Verb 12/51 Conjunction 16/51 None finite Verb - 18/51 Question tags 20/51 prefixes and suffixes 22/51 Comparison of adjective and adverb 25/51 If clause and wish form 28/51 active voice and passive voice - 30/51 Preposition 33/51 Tense 35/51 Sentence and clause 41/51 Direct and indirect Speech 43/51 AGREEMENT OF SUBJECT AND VERB 49/51

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WORDS

1. Noun ( )

2. Pronoun ()

3. Adjective ()

4. Adverb ( )

5. Verb ( )

6. Conjunction ( 2 )

7. Preposition ()

8. Interjection ( )

NOUN

Noun 5

1. Common Noun man, dog, pen,

school .

2. Proper Noun

Ladda, Dang, Diccky, Toyota, Thailand

3. Collective Noun , , , of

(

of

)

4. Material Noun , , ,

common Noun Material Noun cow, ox, beef

.

5. Abstract Noun , ,

happiness , Slavery , eating

5 7

1. Subject .

2. Object .

3. Object Preposition () .

4. Complement .

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5. Appositive .

6. Address ( , Comma ).

7. Possessive ( Apostrophes )

1. S a book , a cat etc.

2. S Books, cats . etc.

*

.

5 4

1. Masculine Gender boy, man.etc.

2. Feminine Gender girl, woman etc.

3. Common Gender Teacher, Studentetc.

4. Nature Gender pen, desketc.

4

1. Boy Girl

2. ess Prince Princess

3. Boy-friend

girl-friend

.

4. Grand-father

Grand-mother .

Pronoun

Pronoun () (,),,,

Pronoun 8

1. Personal Pronoun

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2. Possessive Pronoun

3. Definite Pronoun

4. Indefinite Pronoun

5. Interrogative Pronoun

6. Relative Pronoun

7. Reflexive Pronoun

8. Distributive Pronoun

1. Personal Pronoun , , 2 3

1 I we

2 you you

3 he, she, it the

Personal Pronoun 5

1 2 3 4 5

I Me My mine myself

We us Our ours ourselves

You you Your yours yourself

He him his his himself

she her Her hers herself

It It its its itself

they them there theirs themselves

2. Possessive Pronoun 4

3

2.1 Your book is green, mine is red.

2.2 this pencil is mine, that one is your.

2.3 () A friend of yours was killed last

night.

3. Definite Pronoun 6 (

which )

this, that, one 3 .

These, those, ones 3 .

* .

4. Indefinite pronoun (

Definite Pronoun) some, any, all, someone, somebody, anybody, few, everyone, many, nobody,

everybody, otheretc.

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everybody, otheretc.

*

.

5. Interrogative pronoun

Who , whom, whose , what, which .

Who () . Who is standing

there ? ?.

Whom () ( Who ). Whom do you love ?

?.

Whose () . Whose is the car ?

What () :-

- What delayed you ?

.

- What What

do you want ?

Which ( ) , ,

Which is the best? ?.( Whose ,which, what

)

6. Relative Pronoun

Who, Whom, Whose, Which, Where, what, when, why, that .

Who () The man who came here last

week is my cousin. .

Whom () The boy whom you saw

yesterday is my brother. .

Whose (..) Whose

Whose The girl whose father is a teacher goes to school every day.

.( Father).

Which (,) The animal which has wing is

a bird. ( has wings) The kitten which I gave to my aunt is very

naughty. .( gave I gave to my aunt).

Where () The night club is the place where is

not suitable for children. ( is not suitable for

children ) The hotel is the place where I like best . .( like).

What (,) What

I know what is in the box.

.

When (,) ,, , Sunday is the day when we dont work.

.

Why () ( reason ) This is the reason why I go to Hong

Kong. .

That (,) , , , 4

:-

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1. He is the tallest man that I have ever seen.

.

2. China is the first country that I am going to visit.

.

3. She has much money that she give me.

.

4. someone, somebody, something, anyone, anything,

anybody, anyone, everything, no one, nothing, etc. There is nothing that I can do for you.

.

7. Reflexive Pronoun 5 myself, yourself, .

Themselves. 4 :-

1. I myself study English.

.

2. I will punish myself if I do mistakes

.

3. I spoke to the President himself .

.

4. by Pranee

makes her dress by herself.

8. Distributive Pronoun , ,

each , either , neither

There are ten boy each has one hundred bath. 10 100 .

*

||

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Article

Article -

Article ()

Article 2

1. Indefinite Article A , An.

2. Definite Article The .

A

A 4

1.

2.

3.

4. a book, a man, a bus, a

pen

* A

AN ( H )

AN

AN 4

1.

2.

3. A , E , I , O , U.

4.

* AN

A ( U E ).

A AN

1.

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2.

THE

The , The

1. The

2. The

3. The

4. The (

)

5. The

6. The

7.

.

The water in the bottle is very poor. .

the

1.

2. the (

,, ,, ,

, , a, an, the )

*

the

When you go out, dont forget to close a door.

().

When you go out, dont forget to close the door.

().

a, an, the

- a,

an

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A boy like to see monkey. .

- the

The man in this room is our teacher.

.

*

a , an 2

the

A black cat, the cat is fat.

* a, an

the .

Article

Adjective

Adj. () Good, tall,

fat ..etc.

Adj. 2

1. Adj.

The fat man cant run quick.

A clever boy can answer a difficult problem.

2. Verb to be .

Somsri is beautiful.

My dog is black.

* Adj. 1 2 Adj.

Adj. .

Adj.

Adj. 8 .

1. Descriptive Adj. () Good, fat,

tall, thin, rich ,etc.

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2. Proper Adj. ()Adj.

Thai ( Thailand), English (

England)

3. Quantitative Adj. ()

many, much, little, some, any, all . He has many friend

.

4. Numeral Adj. () One, Two,

Three

5. Demonstrative Adj. (

) the, same, this, that, these, those, such,

such a . He is in the same room. .

6. Possessive Adj. ( 3 )

my, your, our, his,

her, its, there . His dog is white. .

7. Interrogative Adj. (

)

What (), Which () ,Whose () Whose house is

that ? ? .

8. Distributive Adj. (

)

each, (), either (, ),

neither (), every () Either blank is flooded.

.

Adjective

Adverbs

Adverbs , , Adverbs

Adverbs

- The old man walk slowly.

- Dang is very strong.

- Adverbs Adverbs The train runs very

fast.

Adverbs

Adverbs 3

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1. Simple Adverbs

6

1. Adverbs of time now, ago,

yesterday, ...

2. Adverbs of place near, far, in,

out,

3. Adverbs of frequency

always, often, again, usually,

4. Adverbs of Manner well,

slowly, quickly, fast..

5. Adverbs of Quantity

Many, much, very, too, quite

6. Adverbs of affirmation or negation

yes, no, not, not at all

2. Interrogative Adverbs

() 6

1. When (), How long ().

2. Where ().

3. How many (), How often (

)..

4. How ()(

do).

5. How much ().

6. Why ().

3.Conjunctive Adverbs

Why, Where, When, How, Whenever, While , As,

Wherever..

Adverbs Adj. fast,

hard, low, right, etc

- Verb to be Adj.

- Adverbs.

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Adverbs

Verb

Verb ()

() Tense ()

Voice () Mood ()

Verb 3

1. Transitive Verb .

2. Intransitive Verb .

3. Auxiliary Verb Tens, Voice, Mood.

1.

Kick (), Eat () .

1. A mango.

2 Him.

3. () To study.

4. ing sleeping.

5. I dont know what to do.

6. I know who will come tomorrow.

*

The people made him king. (

) .

2.

Run, sleep, swim, sit.

Verb to

be (, , ) Verb to have ( ) Become ),

Seem (), Feel () Look () Taste () Appear

(,) Smell () , Grow () .

3.

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Mood, Voice, Tense

24 .

Is, am, are, was, were

Have, has, had,

Do, dose, did

Will, would

Shall, should

Can, could

May, might

Must

Need

Dear

Ought to, us to.

* 24

.

Ladda is a beautifily girl. ().

Ladda is drinking water. ().

Verb to be

Verb to be

1. Ing Continuous

tense.

2. 3 ()

() A glass is

broken. .

3. Infinitive

I am to see my home every

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year. .

Verb to do

Verb to .

1.

Verb to have

Verb to be

Verb to do

2. 1

( ing do, dose )

3.

.

4.

.

5. Verb to do .

Verb to have

Verb to have

1. 3 Perfect tense.

2.

I have to meet you tomorrow. .

3.

Have + noun + Verb 3 . He has his house

repaired. .

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Will, shall, would, should.

Will 2, 3.

Shall 1

I, We.

Would .

1. will

2. .

3. Better

rather

Should .

1. Shall .

2. Should

May, Might

May .

1. ()

2. () *

.

3. ()

4. ().

5. ().

Might .

1. May.

2. (

May ).

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Need

Need (

Need To ).

Need "" (

To Need ).

Dear

Dear

To.

Ought to

Ought to is do

should .

Used to

Used to

( 1

used to is do).

Verb

Conjunction

Conjunction ()

Conjunction 2

1. Conjunction

2. Conjunction

Conjunction and, or,

but, because, so, as, for, whether, until, after, before, if, though,

that, when, beside He is sick so he go to see doctor.

.

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Conjunction

- Either.or

2

Either he or I am mistaken. .

- Neither..or (

). Neither you nor he studies mathematics.

.

- As well as "" () He

as well as I is sick .

- Not onlybut also ..

() (

2 ) Malisa is not only beautiful but

also clever. .

Conjunction

||

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None finite Verb

None finite Verb

, ,

, .

None finite Verb 3 .

1. Infinitive [ to Verb 1].

2. Gerund [Verb + ing]

3. Participle [ Verb + ing , Verb 3]

Infinitive 1 To 6

1. To walk in the morning is good for

health.

2. He like to speak English with his friend.

3. She has to go now.

4. ()

5. .

6.

* Infinitive To Infinitive with out

to

do, does, did , will, would, shall, should, can, could, may,

might, must, need, dear to ( is,

am, are, was, were, has, have, had, infinitive to

) .

Gerund ing ()

Verbal noun Walking, studying etc. 5

1. Swimming is a

good exercise.

2. She remembered seeing

me.

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3. We are found of learning

English.

4. His duty is

cleaning.

5.() Hyphen (-)

Reading-room, Swimming pool etc.

* Gerund Infinitive

Gerund Infinitive

.

Participle ing 3

3 .

1. Present Participle 1 ing

Going, walking, eating, sleeping, coming,

etc. .

1. Verb to be Continuous

tense.

2. .

3. (

).

4. .

2. Past Participle 3

ed. Walked, slept,

gone . ..etc. .

1. Verb to have Perfect

tense.

2. Verb to be

(Passive voice).

3. .

4. .

5. .

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3. Perfect Participle Having + Verb 3

Having finish + Past Simple Tense Perfect Participle

(,)

.

Non-finite Verb

Question tags

Question tags

Question tags

1. Comma (,) Question

tags

2. Question tags

.

3. Question tags

4. 24

Question tags.

5. 24

Question tags Verb to do .

6. Question tags Question tags

Question tags .

7. Question tags 24

not do not = dont

does not = doesnt

will not = wont

shall not = shant

are not = arent etc.

* need, dear

Question tags Verb to do .

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* Used to Question tags used

did ( Verb to have

, ).

Question tags

, , ,

.

., Will you ?

Question tags Lets, Let me

Question tags Lets , Let me

..........., Shall we ?

Let me Question tags

, Will you ?

Question tags

Yes, No 2

1. [Short Answer].

2. [long Answer].

: Yes, I am , No, he isnt.

: Yes, I am a student. , No he isnt

here.

Question tags

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prefixes and suffixes

prefixes

prefixes 10

(1) Un () (adj.) (adv.)

happy () unhappy ()

wise () unwise ()

suitable () unsuitable (

)

(2) Im () ( adj.)

possible () impossible ()

proper () improper ()

pure () impure ()

(3) In () (adj.)

direct () indirect ()

complete () incomplete ()

expensive () inexpensive ()

(4) Re ()

write () rewrite ()

speak () respeak ()

birth () rebirth ()

(5) Dis ()

like () dislike ()

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appear () disappear()

agree () disagree ()

use () disuse ()

(6) Mis ()

understand () misunderstand()

spell () misspell ()

call () miscall ()

(7) per ()

pay () prepay ()

history () prehistory (

)

(8) Tri ()

angle () triangle ()

cycle () tricycle ()

(9) Bi ()

cycle () bicycle ()

polar () bipolar ()

sexual () bisexual ()

(10) En

camp () encamp ()

sure () ensure ()

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large () enlarge (

)

Suffix

() 8 .

1. er ()

teach () teacher (,)

run () runner ()

speak () speaker ()

2. or ()

act () actor ()

govern () governor (,)

direct () director()

3. en () .

gold () golden ()

wood () wooden ()

light () lighten ()

4. ly ()

slow () slowly ()

quick () quickly ()

happy () happily ()

5 ful () .

beauty () beautiful()

use () useful ()

wonder () wonderful()

6. less ( ) ...

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job() jobless ()

live () lifeless ()

could () coldness()

7. ness ()

happy () happiness ()

light () lightness ()

soft () softness ()

8. y ()

sun () sunny ()

stone () stony ()

storm () stormy ()

prefixes an suffixes

Comparison of adjective and adverb

Comparison of adjective and adverb adjective

adverb adjective adverb

adjective adverb 3

1. ( 2 )

2. ( 2 )

3. ( 3 )

Comparison of adjective

Comparison of adjective

1.

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as + Adjective + as =

as long as , as tall as, as beautiful as , as well as

This chair is as long as that one. .(Adjective)

not so + adjective + as = ,

: This chair is not so big as that one.

(Adjective)

: I dont work so hard as you did.

.(Adverb)

2.

Comparative adjective + than = ........

taller than, bigger than, more beautiful than etc.

You are taller than I am.

*

He is taller than I ( than me), You are cleverer

than we.( than us)

3. 3

( 2 ) the

the + Superlative adjective = ...

the most beautiful girl, the tallest man , the biggest boy etc.

John is the tallest boy in the class. (

).

- er est

. er

. est

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tall taller tallest (), small smaller smallest ()

( er est

)

Comparison of adverb

Comparison of adverb

1.

as + Adverb + as =

He speaks English as well as I do. .

2.

Comparative adverb + than = ........

He speaks French faster than I do. .

* than

(Subject) (Object) He

loves you more than I. , She loves you more than me.

.

3.

3 ( 2 )

Superlative adverb = ...

Fastest, most slowly, hardest, most beautifully etc .

Of three us, you speak loudest. 3 .

- er est

. er

. est

hard harder hardest (, ), fast faster fastest

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()

( er est

)

Comparison of adjective and adverb

If clause and wish form

If clause

If clause

3

1.

2. ()

3.

If clause 2

1. Main clause ()

2. If clause ()

If clause Main clause Main

clause If clause Tens

Tens If clause Main clause

(If clause) (Main clause)

1. Present Simple Future Simple

2.

Past Simple Future in the Past

3.

Past Perfect Future Perfect in

the Past

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1.

If the sun rise, it will be a day.

()

(Imperative) If clause Present Simple

Tens Tens If you see the teacher, ask him that

problem.

2. ()

If you came here yesterday, you would see her.

() If she were a bird, she

would sing all day. ()

Verb to be

were

3.

If he hadnt gone there, he wouldnt have been killed.

Wish form

Wish form

3

1. (Present Time)

Wish Form + Past Simple Tens

I am a poor man. I wish I were a rich man. ()

Wish Past Simple Tens

2. (Past Time)

Wish Form + Past perfect Tens

I was a poor man last year. I wish I had been a rich man last year.

().

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3. (Future Time)

Wish Form + Future Simple in the Past

I shall study mathematics tomorrow. I wish I should study English

tomorrow.

wish

Past Simple Tens Tens

as if ( Present Simple Past

Simple)

as though ( Past Simple Past

perfect)

if only , (1. Past Simple

Future Simple in the Past 2. Past perfect

Future perfect in the Past )

Its time + Past ... ( Past Simple Tens )

I would rather + Past ( Past Simple Tens )

If clause and wish form

active voice and passive voice

Active voice . I wrote a

letter yesterday.

Passive voice . A letter was

written by me yesterday.

Active voice Passive voice

1. Object Active Subject Passive

2. Verb to be () Tens

Active

3. Active 3

4. Subject Active by

3 Passive Voice

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Active : He kicked a football yesterday.

Passive : A football was kicked by him yesterday.

Passive voice 12 Tens

Active Passive Tens

-

Present Simple = S + is, am, are V.3 + by

Present Continuous = S + is, am, are + being + V.3 + by..

Present Perfect = S + has been, have been + V.3 +by

Present Per. Cont. = S + has been, have been + being + V.3 +

by.()

Past Simple = S + was, were + V.3 + by..

Pas Continuous = S + was being, were being + V.3 + by.

Pas Perfect = S + had been + V.3 + by..

Past per. Conti. = S + had been being +V.3 + By..()

Future Simple = S + will be, shall be + V.3 + by..

Future Continuous = S + will be, shall be + being + V.3 + by

Future Perfect = S + will have, shall have + been + V.3

+by.

Future Per. Conti. = S + will have been being, shall have been

being + V.3 + by..()

Active Voice Object 2

(Object) 2 (1) Direct Object

(2) Indirect Object

to

Active : The teacher gave me a book yesterday.

Passive : I was given a book by the teacher yesterday.

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Passive : A book was given to me by the teacher yesterday.

(Object)

Anybody, They, We, People, No one, Someone, Somebody,

Anyone, ..

Active : No one likes this picture.

Passive : This picture isnt liked. ( no by no one)

Active Voice

Passive Voice

Let + Object + Be + Verb 3

. Active : Open the window.

Passive : Let the window be opened.

1. Passive voice Verb to be 3

2. Active Voice (Object) Passive

voice

3. Subject Active by

Passive by

Active Voice and Passive voice

||

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-4-

Preposition

Preposition ()

, , ,

.

Preposition 2 .

1. Preposition [Single Preposition].

2. Preposition [Preposition phrase].

Preposition 44 in,

on, at, under, to, from, of, off, since, for, near, around, inside,

outside, beneath, towards, into, till, until, fromto, with, without,

by, up, down, after, before, beside, besides, against, through,

across, along, above, over, behind, below, underneath, during,

between, among, fromuntil, within, forwards .

Preposition

in, at, on .

In: , , , I like to

swim in the morning. .

At : , noon, night, midnight, midday,

Christmas, Easter They want home at three

oclock, 15.00 .

On :

on Sunday, On New Years Day , On Kings

Birthday. etc.

On time (). He come on time.

.

In time (, ). The train

arrived at the station in time. ().

at, in

at : at school, at the

hotel.

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in : in Thailand.

In the house, in a country

.

During, between, among

3

During:

During visiting Thailand, I had seen the Emerald

Buddha Temple. .

Between: She is

standing between you and me. (

between and ).

Among : 3 The

teacher is standing among us .

in, on, by

in : in the bus, in the plane

on : on a

house, on a motor-cycle..

by : Article by bus, by

train

on, over, above

on : .

over : .

above : ().

Preposition

Preposition 2

2

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1. 2 [ two words Preposition].

2. 3 [three words Preposition].

2

according to , instead of ,

because of , owing to .

3

in order to : , by means of :

on account of : , in spite of :

in front of : , in back of :

for the sake of : , of the point of :

on the point of : , in consequence of :

*

belong to ( ) , arrive at (

), ask. for (), agree with ( ), consist of

() protect from (), believe in (,), live on (

) , make of (), be afraid of (,)

.

preposition

Tense

Tense ()

tense tense

tense

tense tense .

Tense 3 tense

1. Present tense

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2. Past tense

3. Future tense

tense tense 4

1 . Simple tense ().

2. Continuous tense ()

3. Perfect tense ().

4. Perfect continuous tense (

).

Tense 12

[1.1] S + Verb 1 + ().

[Present] [1.2] S + is,am,are + Verb 1 ing + (

).

[1.3] S + has,have + Verb 3 + .(

).

[1.4] S + has,have + been + Verb 1 ing + (

).

[2.1] S + Verb 2 + ..().

[Past] [2.2] S + was,were + Verb 1 +().

[2.3] S + had + verb 3 + (

).

[2.4] S + had + been + verb 1 ing + (

).

[3.1] S + will,shall + verb 1 +.().

[Feature] [3.2] S + will,shall + be + Verb 1 ing + .(

).

[3.3] S + will,shall + have + Verb 3 +(

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-).

[3.4] S + will,shall + have + been + verb 1 ing +.. ..(

- ).

tense

[1.1] Present simple tense He walks. ,

1. .

2. ().

3. , , .

4. ().

5. .

6. If (),

unless (), as soon as (,), till () ,

whenever (), while () .

7.

always (), often (), every day () .

8. [1.1] [1.1] .

[1.2] Present continuous tense He is walking. .

1. ( now

, ).

2. , .

3. , .

* ,, , Tense

.

[1.3] Present perfect tense He has walk .

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1. Since

() for () .

2. (

) ever () , never () .

3. ( Tense

4. ()

Just (), already (), yet (), finally ()

.

[1.4] Present perfect continuous tense He has been walking

. .

* [1.3]

[1.3] [1.4]

.

[2.1] Past simple tense He walked. .

1.

Yesterday, year .

2.

( Always, every day ) ( yesterday, last

month ) 2 .

3.

ago .

4. [2.1] [2.1] .

[2.2] Past continuous tense He was walking .

1. 2 ( 2.2 -

2.2 - 2.1).

2.

all day yesterday etc.

3. 2 (

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1 ) 2.1 2.2

He was cleaning the house while I was cooking breakfast.

[2.3] Past perfect tense He had walk. .

1. 2 .

2.3 2.1.

2.

She had breakfast at eight o clock yesterday.

[2.4] past perfect continuous tense He had been walking.

2.3 tense

1 2

When we arrive at the meeting , the lecturer had been speaking for an

hour . 1 .

[3.1] Future simple tense He will walk. .

tomorrow, to night,

next week, next month .

* Shall I , we.

Will 2 .

Will, shall , , .

Will, shall .

Be going to ()

.

[3.2] Future continuous tense He will be walking.

.

1. ().

2. 2 .

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- 3.2 S + will be, shall be + Verb 1 ing.

- 1.1 S + Verb 1 .

[3.3] Future prefect tens He will walked. .

1. by

by tomorrow , by next week .

2. 2 .

- 3.3 S + will, shall + have + Verb 3.

- 1.1 S + Verb 1 .

[3.4] Future prefect continuous tense He will have been

walking. .

3.3 3.4 1

2 .

* Tense

Tense .

Tense

||

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-5-

Sentence and clause

Sentence

(Subject) (Verb) The bird flied.

Shoot. , Go. , Come here. , Look out.

Clause Sentence

Sentence Clause. Sentence : I

know. : How old is he ? ?

Clause : I know how old he is. .

Sentence

Sentence 4

1. Simple Sentence ()

()

That girl cooks her breakfast by herself.

2. Compound Sentence ()

Simple Sentence 2 Conjunction

(and, or, as, but)

(Simple Sentence) = He open the door.

(Simple Sentence) = He walked into the room.

(Compound Sentence) = He open the door and walked into the room.

3. Complex Sentence ()

2 2 Main

Clause () Subordinate Clause(

) Main Clause ..

Complex Sentence = This is the house that I bought last year.

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Main Clause = This is the house.

Subordinate Clause = that I bought last year.

4. Compound Complex Sentence ()

2

Compound Complex Sentence = I couldnt remember

what his name is, but I will ask him. =

Subordinate Clause

Subordinate Clause ()

3

1. Noun Clause ()

Noun Clause

:- what, that, which, where, when, why, who, whom,

whose, how. Noun Clause

(1) Where he stays is not answered.

(2) .. I know where he lives.

(3) Preposition She is waiting for what she wants.

(4) The books are what they want.

(5) The news that he was

dead is not true.

2. Adjective Clause ()

(Adjective) Adjective Clause

which, where, when, why, who, whom,

whose, of which, that( as(),

but(), before(), after()

( Noun Clause

)

He reads the book which I gave him.

3. Adverb Clause ()

Adverb () (Main Clause)

Adverb Clause 9

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1. Adverb Clause (Manner) as, as if,

as hough.

2. Adverb Clause (Place) where, wherever,

as far as, as near as.

3. Adverb Clause (Time) when, e, while,

since, as, before, after, until, as soon as, as long as, all the time(that).

4. Adverb Clause (Reason) because, as,

since, seeing, that, now that.

5. Adverb Clause (Purpose) so as, in

order that, for the purpose, that, for fear that.

6. Adverb Clause (Concession) although,

thought, even thought, even if.

7. Adverb Clause (Comparison) as +

Adjective + as, as + Adverb + as, not so + Adjective + as, not so +

adverb + as.

8. Adverb Clause (Condition) if, if

only, unless, whether, supposing that, provided that, on condition that, in

case.

9. Adverb Clause (Result) so that, so.that,

such.that, soas to.

Sentence and clause

Direct and indirect Speech

Direct Speech

Chamras said it is my pen

indirect Speech

Chamras said that it was his pen.

Direct Speech

Direct Speech 3

1

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1. ( He said )

2. Comma ( , ) ( : ) ( ;

)

3. 1

He said The first heroine in Thai history was Tao Suranaree.

2

1. ( He said )

2. Comma ( , )

3. He said said he

The first heroine in Thai history was Tao Suranaree he said.

(or said he).

3

1. ( He said )

2 . he said he said Comma ( , )

3. he said

( . ) Full stop

The first heroine in Thai history he said was Tao Suranaree

Direct Speech indirect Speech

Direct Speech indirect Speech

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4

1.

say say that

said said that

say to + tell + + that

said to + tell + + that

2. ()

I he or she

me him or her

my his or her

mine his or hers

myself himself or herself

we they

us them

our their

ours theirs

ourselves themselves

you (subject) I

you (object) me

your my

yours mine

yourself myself

3. Tense

Direct speech Indirect speech

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Present Simple

Present Continuous

Present perfect

Past Simple

Will

Shall

Can

May

Must

Past Simple

Past Continuous

Past perfect

Past perfect

Would

Should

Could

Might

Had to

4. .

today , tonight

yesterday

last night

last week

last month

last year

the day before

yesterday

the day after

tomorrow

next week, next month

next year

thus

now

ago

that day, that night

the day before, the previous day

the night before

the week before

the month before

the year before

two day after, in two days time

two day after, in two days after

the next day, the following day

the week after, the month after

the year after

so

then, at that time

before

shortly, before then

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recently

this, these, here, come

that, those, there, go

* Present Simple Tens

Tens Tens Tens

Direct = She says I am reading a book now.

Indirect = She says that she is reading a book then.

Direct Speech Indirect Speech

.

say ask

said asked

say to + ask +

said to + asked +

2. Direct Speech

that

3. Direct Speech 24

Question Words

Whether if ( ) that

4. Direct Speech

5. , Tens

..

Direct : He said to me, Why did you come here yesterday?.

: ?

Indirect : he asked me why I had gone there the day before.

:

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Direct Speech

Direct Speech

Indirect Speech

1.

2. (Object)

3. to

Direct Speech Direct Speech

Direct : He said to his servant, Cook breakfast for me.

,

Indirect : He order his servant to cook breakfast for him.

Order ()

Command ()

Tell ()

Ask () please

indirect Speech please

ask )

Beg , , () ( ask

)

Advise , , ()

* Indirect

Speech not to dont

do not Indirect Speed

...

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Direct : My friend said to me, Dont bring my book here.

Indirect : My friend asked me not to bring his book there.

Direct and indirect Speech

AGREEMENT OF SUBJECT AND VERB

Agreement of Subject and Verb (Verb)

(Subject)

1. s book, dog, cat

2. s books, dogs, cats

1. 2 and Deang and Dam

are friend.

* and

Rice and curry is her favorite meal.

2. and 2 Article

: The manager and owner of this

company is to Hong Kong soon :

()

Article 2 .

: The manager and the owner of this school are going to England now. :

(

)

3.

3.1 Article

Article A white and

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black cat is sleeping the table.

3.2 Article

A white and a black cat are playing under the

table.

4.

with, together with, along with, as

well as, including, in addition to, accompanied by, etc Manu, with his

friend, is doing exercises.

5. There Here

2 There is a rubber on the table. ()

There are rubbers on the table. ()

: There she goes alone. ()

: There they play football.

()

6. (Phrase) (Subordinate Clause)

The boy

who is reading these books is very wise. ()

7.

someone anyone everyone no one

somebody anybody everybody no body

something anything everything nothing

somewhere anywhere everywhrer

8. (subject) (Conjuction)

or() ,either.or() neither..nor () not

only.but also (.... ...)

9. who, which, where Adjective Class

3

10. A number of + (plural Noun)

, The number of + (plural Noun)

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11.

12. ,,

13. ,

14. Pronoun ()

all, both,

few,( a few), many, some, several, none of

15.

people, police, cattle() children() etc.

16.

news, physics, mathematic etc.

17.

trousers () shorts () tongs () etc.

18.

fish sheep

deer trout

salmon bison

Agreement of Subject and Verb

( STANDARD ENGLISH GRAMMAR ACE,CGEt)

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