Tagiadin Tasogiannos

Statistics and Results from Foot Research

Tagiadin John 13/07/2015 02/08/2015

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Index Page 2Index

Page 3Participation Percentages of each Contributing Country

Page 4..Percentages of Participants from each Continent

Page 5...Percentages of Foot types

Page 6.......Results from each Country (Albania - Canada)

Page 7....Results from each Country (Croatia - Greece)

Page 8....Results from each Country (India - Jordan)

Page 9....Results from each Country (Kenya -Myanmar)

Page 10Results from each Country (Netherlands - Sweden)

Page 11Results from each Country (Taiwan - Uruguay)

Page 12Results from each Country (USA)

Page 13Greek toes domination in India , Pakistan and

Middle East Page 14Toes type influence by Greeks in Balkan Countries

Page 15Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians

Page 16Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians

Page 17Diversity of Foot types in USA,UK and Canada

Page 18..References

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\

2% 2% 2%

1% 0%

1%

1%

0%

0%

1%

1% 1%

3% 0%

1%

2%

0%

0% 1%

1%

0%

2%

4%

0%

16%

1% 2%

1%

0%

0% 0% 0%

0%

0%

0% 0%

0%

0%

0%

3%

0%

0%

1%

1%

0% 1%

4% 0%

0%

2% 0%

1%

1%

2%

0%

0% 0% 0%

2%

10%

0%

22%

Participation Percentages of each Contributing Country

Albania Unknown Arabia Argentina Armenia Eritrea Australia Bangladesh

Belarus Bosnia Brasil Bulgaria Canada Croatia Chezh Republic Egypt

Estonia Ethiopia Finland France FYROM Germany Greece Hungary

India Indonesia Iran Ireland Israel Italy Japan Jordan

Kenya Libya Lithuania Malaysia Malta Mansoura Mauritius Mexico

Mozambique Myanmar Netherlands New Zealand Nigeria Norway Pakistan Philippines

Poland Portugal Romania Scotland Serbia Spain Sweden Taiwan

Tibet Slovakia Turkey UK Uruguay USA

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Extra Info - 59 Countries contributed in this research.

- From which 272 were the participants

Europe 34%

Asia 29%

America 27%

Africa 7%

Unknown 2% Australia

1%

Percentages of Participants from each Continent

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Extra Info - McKucisck believed that the Greek toe or aka Morton's toe appeared to

be a dominant trait , which could justify the supremacy of this trait in the

participants.

Greek 43%

Egyptian 30%

Roman 14%

Celtic 6%

Greek and Roman 3%

Unknown 2%

Greek and Celtic

1%

Greek and Egyptian

1% Germanic 0% Egyptian and Roman

0%

Egyptian and Celtic

0% Roman and Celtic 0%

Percentages of Foot types

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Results from each Country

Albania (5)

2/5 Roman

2/5 Greek

1/5 Egyptian

Arabia (4)

1/4 Roman

1/4 Greek

2/4 Egyptian

Argentina (2)

1/2 Roman

1/2 Egyptian

Armenia (1)

1/1 Egyptian

Eritrea (2)

2/2 Egyptian

Australia (2)

1/2 Roman

1/2 Egyptian

Bangladesh (4)

1/4 Roman

1/4 Greek

2/4 Egyptian

Belarus (1)

1/1 Roman

Bosnia (2)

1/2 Egyptian

1/2 Roman and Greek

Brazil (3)

2/3 Roman

1/3 Greek

Bulgaria (2)

1/2 Egyptian

1/2 Greek

Canada (7)

Greek 58%

Egyptian 14%

Celtic 14%

Unknown 14%

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Croatia (1)

1/1 Greek

Czech Republic (2)

1/2 Roman

1/2 Greek

Egypt (5)

3/5 Greek

1/5 Egyptian

1/5 Celtic

Estonia (1)

1/1 Greek

Ethiopia (2)

1/2 Egyptian

1/2 Unknown

Finland (1)

1/1 Greek

France (3)

2/3 Roman

1/3 Greek

1/3 Egyptian

F.Y.R.O.M. (1)

1/1 Egyptian

Germany (4)

2/4 Egyptian

1/4 Greek

1/4 Celtic

Greece (9)

Hungary (1)

1/1 Celtic

Greek 89%

Egyptian 11%

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India (38)

Greek 44%

Egyptian 29%

Roman 20%

Celtic 7%

Indonesia (2)

1/2 Celtic

1/2 Greek

Iran (5)

3/5 Egyptian

2/5 Greek

Ireland (2)

1/2 Roman

1/2 Egpytian

Israel (1)

1/2 Egyptian

1/2 Roman and Greek

Italy (4)

2/4 Greek

2/4 Egyptian

Jordan (1)

1/1 Roman

Kenya (1)

1/1 Roman

Libya (1)

1/1Greek

Lithuania (1)

2/4 Greek

2/4 Egyptian

Jordan (1)

1/1 Roman

Kenya (1)

1/1 Roman

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1/1Greek

Kenya (1)

1/1 Roman

Libya (1)

1/1Greek

Lithuania (1)

1/1 Roman and Greek

Malaysia (1)

1/1 Greek

Malta (1)

1/1 Greek

Mansoura (1)

1/1Greek

Maurtitius (1)

1/1Greek

Mexico (7)

Malta (1)

1/1 Greek

Mozambique (1)

1/1Egyptian

Maurtitius (1)

1/1Greek

Myanmar (1)

1/1 Greek

Greek 86%

Egyptian 14%

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Netherlands (2)

1/2 Greek

1/2 Egyptian

New Zealand (1)

1/1 Roman

Nigeria (1)

1/1 Roman

Norway (3)

2/3 Egyptian

1/3 Greek

Pakistan (9)

Philippines (1)

1/1 Roman

Poland (1)

1/1 Roman and Egyptian

Portugal (4)

1/4 Celtic

3/4 Greek

Romania (1)

1/1 Roman

Scotland (2)

1/1 Celtic

1/2 Roman and Greek

Serbia (2)

1/2 Egyptian

1/2 Greek

Spain (5)

4/5 Greek

1/5 Egyptian

Sweden (1)

1/1 Greek

Greek 60%

Egyptian 30%

Celtic and Roman

10%

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Taiwan (1)

1/1 Greek

Tibet (1)

1/1 Greek

Japan (1)

1/1 Roman

Norway (1)

2/3 Egyptian

1/3 Greek

Slovakia (1)

1/1 Greek

Turkey (4)

1/4Roman

2/4 Greek

1/4 Greek and Roman

UK (24)

Uruguay (1)

1/1 Greek

Greek 52%

Egyptian 28%

Roman 12%

Celtic 4%

Unknown 4%

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Extra Info - Charts were used only in countries with more than 5 participants.

USA (55)

40%

29%

9%

7%

5%

4% 2% 2%

2%

Egyptian Greek Celtic Roman Greek and Celtic

Greek and Roman Green and Egyptian Egyptian and Celtic Unknown

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Greek toes domination in India , Pakistan and

Middle East

We can observe that Greek toe is overmatching in countries

like India and Pakistan and of course Greece, which proves on

the one hand that Greek toe is a Greek trait and on the other

hand that a big part of modern Indians and Pakistans may

have a partial Greek origin. This can be proved by the

existence of Indo-Greek Kingdom in modern Afghanistan,

Pakistan and North Western India during the last two

centuries BC and by the fact that Greek toes is an dominant

trait.

The Indo-Greek Kingdom or Graeco-Indian Kingdom[1] was

a Hellenistic kingdom covering various parts of the northwest

regions of the Indian subcontinent (modern Afghanistan,

Pakistan and North Western India) during the last two

centuries BC, and was ruled by more than 30 kings,[2] often in

conflict with each other.

The kingdom was founded when the Graeco-

Bactrianking Demetrius invaded the subcontinent early in the

2nd century BC. The Greeks in South Asia were eventually

divided from the Graeco-Bactrians centered in Bactria (now

the border between Afghanistan andUzbekistan). But the

Greeks failed to establish united rule in present-day north-

western India. The most famous Indo-Greek ruler

was Menander (Milinda). He had his capital

at Sakala in Punjab, modern Pakistan, and he successfully

invaded the Ganges-Yamunadoab.

The expression "Indo-Greek Kingdom" loosely describes a

number of various dynastic polities, traditionally associated

with a number of regional capitals

like Taxila,[3] (modern Punjab

(Pakistan)),Pushkalavati and Sagala.[4] Other potential centers

are only hinted at; for instance, Ptolemy's Geographia and the

nomenclature of later kings suggest that a certainTheophila in

the south of the Indo-Greek sphere of influence may also have

been a satrapal or royal seat at one time.

During the two centuries of their rule, the Indo-Greek kings

combined the Greek and Indo-Iranian languagesand symbols,

as seen on their coins, and

blendedHindu, Buddhist and ancient Greek religious practices,

as seen in the archaeological remains of their cities and in the

indications of their support of Buddhism, pointing to a rich

fusion of Indian and Hellenistic influences.[5] The diffusion of

Indo-Greek culture had consequences which are still felt

today, particularly through the influence of Greco-Buddhist

art.[6]

The Indo-Greeks ultimately disappeared as a political entity

around 10 AD following the invasions of the Indo-Scythians,

although pockets of Greek populations probably remained for

several centuries longer under the subsequent rule of the Indo-

Parthians and Kushans.[7]

-From Wikipedia

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Toes type influence by Greeks in Balkan Countries

The possible influence from Greek toe trait might be relevant

to the fact that Greek DNA (as an research presented) has

stayed pure with only small inpurities.

A striking demonstration of the persistence of the Greek

genetic signature through time can be found in [1]. The figure

on the right is the 4th principal component of variation in

Europe and shows a strong cline centered in Greece. Not only

is the Greek genetic legacy clearly detectible today, but it is

detectible among not only the Greeks, but all their

neighboring populations of partial Greek ancestry

Figure 2. Hidden patterns in the geography of Europe shown

by the first five principal components, explaining respectively

28%, 22%, 11%, 7%, and 5% of the total genetic variation for

95 classical polymorphisms (1, 13, 14). The first component is

almost superimposable to the archaeological dates of the

spread of farming from the Middle East between 10,000 and

6,000 years ago.

The second principal component parallels a probable spread

of Uralic people and/or languages to the northeast of

Europe. The third is very similar to the spread of pastoral

nomads (and their successors) who domesticated the horse

in the steppe towards the end of the farming expansion,

and are believed by some archaeologists and linguists to

have spread most Indo-European languages to Europe. The

fourth is strongly reminiscent of Greek colonization in the

first millennium B.C. The fifth corresponds to the

progressive retreat of the boundary of the Basque

language. Basques have retained, in addition to their

language, believed to be descended from an original

language spoken in Europe, some of their original genetic

characteristics. (From ref. 1, with permission of Princeton

University Press, modified.):..

-From http://dienekes.awardspace.com/

The rest of the text can be found on the references page on

the last page.

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Greek toes in Asians, Mexicans and Italians

It is now proved that South Italians are Greeks (link about

South Italians been Greeks can be found in the references

page) proved so this settles Italy. A research had shown that

the 90% of the Ainu people have Greek toes , could Greeks

colonized a place in Asia and breed with Asians? I am not sure

about this ,but I am sure that Greeks had a lot colonies

around the world.

Greek cities are labeled in red.

Greek colonies are labeled in Blue

In Ancient Greece, colonies were sometimes founded by

vanquished people, who left their homes to escape

subjection at the hand of a foreign enemy; sometimes as a

sequel to civil disorders, when the losers in internecine

battles left to form a new city elsewhere; sometimes to get

rid of surplus population, and thereby to avoid internal

convulsions; and sometimes as a result of ostracism. But in

most cases the motivation was to establish and facilitate

relations of trade with foreign countries and further the

wealth of the mother-city (in Greek metropolis). Colonies

were established in Ionia and Thrace as early as the 8th

century BC.[10]

More than thirty Greek city-states had multiple colonies

around the Mediterraneanworld, with the most active

being Miletus, with ninety colonies stretching throughout

the Mediterranean Sea, from the shores of the Black

Sea and Anatolia (modern Turkey) in the east, to the

southern coast of the Iberian Peninsula in the west, as well

as several colonies on the Libya coast of

northern Africa,[11] from the late 9th to the 5th centuries BC.

There were two similar types of colony, one known as an

- apoikia (pl.: , apoikiai) and the other as

an ov -emporion (pl.: , emporia). The first

type of colony was a city-state on its own; the second was a

Greek trading- colony.

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The Greek city-states began establishing colonies around

900[12] - 800 BC, at first at Al Mina on the coast of Syria and the

Greek emporium Pithekoussai at Ischia in the Bay of Naples,

both established about 800 BC by Euboeans.[13]

Two flushes of new colonists set out from Greece at the

transition between the "Dark Ages" and the start of the Archaic

Period, one in the early 8th century BC and a second burst of

the colonizing spirit in the 6th century. Population growth and

cramped spaces at home seem an insufficient explanation,

while the economical and political dynamics produced by the

competitive spirit between the frequently kingless, newly

introduced concept of the Greek city-states, striving to expand

their sphere of economical influence better fits as their true

incentive. Through this Greek expansion the use of coins

flourished throughout the Mediterranean Basin.

Influential Greek colonies in the western Mediterranean many

of them in today's Italy included Cyme, Rhegium (Rhegion)

by Chalcis and Zankle (c. 8th

century),Syracuse by Corinth/Tenea (c. 734 BC), Naxos by

Chalcis (c. 734 BC), Massalia(the later Marseille, France,

c. 598 BC) and Agathe (shortly after Massalia)

byPhokaia, Elea (Italy) and Emporion (nowadays Spain) by

Phokaia/Massalia (c. 540 BC and early 6th

century), Antipolis (nowadays France)

by Achaea, Alalia(Corsica) by Phokaia/Massalia (c. 545 BC)

and Cyrene (Cyrenaica, nowadays Libya) by Thera (762/61 and

632/31 BC).[14]

The Greeks also colonised modern-day Crimea on the Black

Sea. Among the settlements they established there was the

city of Chersonesos, at the site of modern-

day Sevastopol.[15]

The extensive Greek colonization is remarked upon

by Cicero when noting that "It were as though a Greek

fringe has been woven about the shores of the

barbarians."[16]

Several formulae were generally adhered to on the solemn

and sacred occasions when a new colony set forth. If a

Greek city was sending out a colony, an oracle, especially

one such as the Oracle of Delphi, was almost invariably

consulted beforehand. Sometimes certain classes of citizens

were called upon to take part in the enterprises; sometimes

one son was chosen by lot from every house where there

were several sons; and strangers expressing a desire to join

were admitted. A person of distinction was selected to

guide the emigrants and make the necessary

arrangements. It was usual to honor these founders of

colonies, after their death, as heroes. Some of the sacred

fire was taken from the public hearth in the Prytaneum,

from which the fire on the public hearth of the new city was

kindled. And, just as each individual had his private shrines,

so the new community maintained the worship of its chief

domestic deities, the colony sending embassies and votive

gifts to the mother-city's principal festivals for centuries

afterwards.

-From Wikipedia

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Diversity of Foot types in USA,UK and Canada

The diversity of foot types in USA,UK and Canada can easily get proved by the fact

that they constitute an migration target from people all around the world.

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References -The statistics were obtained by the participation answers by the

members of the Facebook group named Archaeology & Prehistoric &

Ancient Wonders from the post:

https://www.facebook.com/groups/Archaeology.Prehistoric/permalink/

513454352137112/

-The information used in page 13 from Wikipedia can be found in this

link :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Indo-Greek_Kingdom

-The information used in page 14 from Dienekes can be found in this

link :

http://dienekes.awardspace.com/articles/greekadna/

-The information used in page 15,16 from Wikipedia can be found in

this link :

https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colonies_in_antiquity

-The information used in page 15,16 about South Italians being Greeks

and Ainu people having Greek feet can be found here:

http://www.forbes.com/sites/kristinakillgrove/2015/07/23/dna-study-

pinpoints-when-the-ancient-greeks-colonized-sicily-and-italy/

and here:

http://rheumatology.oxfordjournals.org/content/54/suppl_1/i182.3

P.S. Thanks to everyone who participated

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