1. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinMc LcB NGUN ATX ........................................................................................................................... 2MN HNH MY TNH ................................................................................................................ 8 A CNG ............................................................................................................................... 13KHI PHC D LIU ................................................................................................................ 23S C KHNG KHI NG .................................................................................................... 30S C STOP ERROR .................................................................................................................. 38PH LC ...................................................................................................................................... 43VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 1

2. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinB NGUN ATX (ATX POWER SUPPLY UNIT)NI DUNG 1. Thng s k thut ca b ngun 2. u ni DC v mu dy dn 3. Kim tra b ngun 4. S c b ngun v gii php1. Thng s k thut ca b nguna) in p AC vo (AC Input)B ngun hot ng cn c cung cp mt dng in AC 110V hoc 220V thng qua bu cm IEC320 v mt cng tc (SW) chn la in p 110V/220V pha sau b ngun.Ngoi tr mt s t b ngun c thit k hot ng Auto-Volt (AC vo t 90V n240V), a s b ngun ATX trong my tnh c dy in p AC vo qui nh theo bng sau: Bng in p AC vo V tr SWTi thiu Trung bnh Ti an v 110V (115V)90 115135 VAC 220V (230V) 180 230265 VACCh : Cng tc (SW) 110/220 phi c t chnh xc vi in p AC vo b ngun, la chn v tr SW khng ng vi in p AC vo s lm b ngun khng hot ng hay h hng mch in bn trong b ngun. i vi cc b ngun khng c thit k SW la chn 110/220V cn tham kho mc in p AC vo ca b ngun trn nhn dn trn v hpVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin2 3. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinb) in p DC xut (DC Output) Cc dng in DC xut ra trn b ngun ATX c qui nh bao gm cc dng in c trs v sai s theo bng sau:Bng 2 in p DC xut raDng Sai sTr s tiTr s trung bnhTr s ti a n vin thiu +5VSB5% +4.75+5.00+5.25 VDC+5V 5% +4.75+5.00+5.25 VDC -5V5% -4.75-5.00-5.25 VDC+12V5%+11.40+12.00+12.60 VDC-12V10% -10.80 -12 -13.20VDC+3.3V 5% +3.14 +3.3+3.47 VDC Dng in +5VSB (SB = StandBy) l mt dng in thng trc lun lun tn ti khic dng in AC vo b ngun, dng in ny cung cp in p cho Chip cu nam trnMainboard v i lc cng c s dng cung cp cho cng USB khi my tnh khnghot ng. Dng in -5V c th khng c trn cc b ngun mi sau ny, l do 5V c cungcp cho cc card giao tip ISA, rt t c s dng gn y.c) Tn hiu iu khinPS-ON: y l tn hiu iu khin hot ng ca b ngun. Khi tn hiu PS-ON ctrng thi in p cao (logic H > +3V) b ngun khng hot ng, ch duy nht c dng in+5VSB xut ra t b ngun, tt c cc dng in khc (+12V, +5V, -12V v +3V3) khngc. Khi tn hiu PS-ON c trng thi mc thp (logic L 0V) b ngun hot ng cc dngin DC xut y . Trong hot ng ca my tnh, trng thi tn hiu PS-ON do Mainboard iu khin khi tam my hay shutdown my.PWR-OK: hay cn gi l Power-good (PG) l tn hiu thng bo t b ngun nmainboard cho bit trng thi tt, xu ca cc dng in ra. Tn hiu PWR-OK c sinh rakhi b ngun qua c qu trnh t kim tra bn trong b ngun v cc dng in xut ra nnh. Qu trnh ny thng chim t 0,1 ti 0,5 giy sau khi b ngun hot ng. Tn hiu PWR-OK t b ngun c gi n chip cu nam (ICH) trn Mainboard. Nutn hiu PWR-OK l tt, chip cu nam s b lnh reset v ton b h thng bt u hot ng(my tnh bt u khi ng).Khi khng c tn hiu PWR-OK hoc ngun cung cp dngin khng ng, khng n nh, chip cu nam t lnh reset lin tc ngn chn h thnghot ng, bo v Mainboard v chip CPU h hng.Tn hiu PWR-OK c xem l tt khi n c in p t +3V n +6V, nu in pPWR-OK nh hn +3V hoc ln hn +6V th b ngun c xem l xu v my tnh skhng khi ng cho d cc dng in DC xut ra t b ngun u c tr s v sai s ngqui nh.d) Cng sut b ngunVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin3 4. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Cng sut ca b ngun th hin khnng cung cp nng lng in ln nhtca b ngun . Cng sut ca b ngunc tnh bng tng cng sut ca tngdng in DC xut ra ca b ngun. Thngtin v tng cng sut, cng sut tng dngin c ghi trc tip trn nhn bn ngoiv hp ngun. Cng sut ca b ngun c s dngtrong mt my tnh phi ln hn cng suttiu th ti a ca ton b thit b, baogm: Mainboard, CPU, RAM, HDD, CD-ROM, FDD, tt c cc Card m rng gntrn cc khe PCI hoc ISA. Cng sut b ngun ph thuc vo cng cc dng in DC ca b ngun, bng sauy th hin cng dng in v cng sut b ngun thng dng:Bng 3 Cng sut l thuyt Cng sut l thuyt 235W 275W 300W400W+3,3V 14,0A 14,0A14,0A28,0A+5V 22,0A 30,0A30,0A30,0AMax +3,3V/+5V 125A150A 150A 215A-5V 0,5A0,5A 0,5A 1,0A+12V0,8A12,0A12,0A14,0A-12v1,0A1,0A 1,0A 1,0A Cng sut cung cp ca ngun khng lm ton b h thng hot ng khng n nh,hiu sut thp, mau h hng.2. u ni DC v mu dya) u ni chnh (main connector): cung cp cc dng in cho mainboard, gm c hailoi: 20 chn v 24 chn. u ni chnh 24 chn c thm bn chn ni tip vo u ni chnh 20 chn, cc chnthm vo bao gm: mt chn +12V, mt chn +5V, mt chn +3V3 v mt chn ni vimass (GND 0V), cc chn c thm vo c mc ch tng cng dng in (Ampe) tb ngun n Mainboard.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin4 5. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinb) u ni +12V (+12V connector): cung cp dng in +12V cho mch cung cp inp CPU (VRD) trn mainboar, h tr chip Intel Pentium 4 (hoc chip AMD tng ng).c) u cm ph (peripheral connector): cung cp dng in +5V v +12V cho cc thitb lu tr v thit b khc gn thm.d) u cm FDD (FDD connector): cung cp dng in +5V v +12V cho a mm(FDD).e) Mu dy dn: cc dy dn dng in DC xut trn b ngun c mu dy c qui nhbi nh sn xut b ngun v c ghi trn nhn ngoi v hp. Thng kiu qui nh mudy dn nh sau: Bng 4 Qui nh mu dy thng dng Mu dy DngMu dyDng in MuDng in in dy Cam +3V3 +5V Vng +12VXanh l-12VTrng-5V enGND(0V)Tm +5VSB Xanh lPS-ONXmPWR-OKVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin5 6. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin3. Kim tra b ngunKim tra mt b ngun ATX hot ng tt hay khng l mt vic nn lm khi d li haysa cha mt my tnh.a) Kim tra in p DC xut:Cho dng in AC thch hp (110V/220V) vo b ngun cn kim tra, dng mt dy dn(dy ng, dy ch) ni tc dy PS-ON (dy mu xanh l cy) vi dy GND (dy muen). Sau dng ng h V.O.M o tt c cc in p DC xut trn b ngun v so snh trs o c vi in p DC qui nh (xem trn v ngun hoc bng in p DC xut phn1c). Nu cc dng in DC xut ca b ngun c tr s o c ph hp vi in p qui nh(tnh c sai s) th b ngun c xem l tt, ngc li l b ngun h hng v cn thayth hoc sa cha.Lu : sau khi o in p cc dng in cng cn o in p PWR-OK (dy mu xm),in p ny thng c tr s l +5V. Nu in th PWR-OK c tr s nh hn +3V hay lnhn +6V th b ngun cng cn thay th ngun mi hoc sa cha.Dy enDy enDy xanh lDy xanh l Dy niDy ni20Pin24Pinb) nh gi cng sut ca b ngun: Khi mt b ngun thng qua c qu trnh kim tra in p th b ngun vn cth l mt b ngun khng tt do cng sut ca ngun khng cung cp cho my tnh.Cng sut ca b ngun khng th o c bng mt ng h V.O.M thng thng m chc th nh gi thng qua qu trnh hot ng ca c my tnh. Thng khi cng sut cungcp ca b ngun khng s sinh ra cc hin tng nh sau:My tnh khng khi ng khi dng in AC 110/220V gim mt t (v d: 220V gim cn 200V).My tnh t khi ng li (auto restart) mt cch ngu nhin hay khi hiu sut hot ng cao nh: khi chy nhiu chng trnh cng lc, c hoc ghi CD/DVD.My tnh thng bo li kim tra chn l (parity check) khi khi ng.B ngun v cc dy dn nng qu mc cho php.4. S c b ngun v gii phpa) t cu ch F1: Khi b ngun b t cu ch bo v F1 c kh nng phn s cp ca b ngun c linh kin b chm cn kim tra trc khi thay cu ch khc. Cc linh kin c th hng:VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin6 7. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin B chnh lu Diode cu, diode chm A-K. Transistor ngt m ngun Standby chm C-E. Hai Transistor Q1 v Q2 ngun chnh chm C-E. Hai Diode bo v C-E ca Q1 v Q2 chm A-K.b) Mt in p +5VSB Chm IC 7805 hoc IC TL494. Ta c th xc nh bng cch ly IC ra ngoi mch, nu ngun standby hot ng tt l IC b hng. Chm Zener ti cc B Transistor Standby. t hoc tng tr s in tr phn p cc B Transistor Standby.c) Ngun chnh khng hot ng Chm Diode chnh lu ngun chnh IC TL494 khng hot ng. IC LM393 chm.d) Ngun khng cng sut Thng thng sau mt thi gian s dng cc t lc ca ngun chnh b kh, ph hocgim gi tr lm cho in p xut ra ca ngun chnh gn nhiu dn n cng sut ngungim, my hay b khi ng li hoc khng n nh. Thay cc t ny bng t mi khcphc c s c trn.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin7 8. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin MN HNH MY TNH(PC MONITOR)NI DUNG 1. iu chnh hnh nh 2. iu chnh Screen 3. iu chnh Focus 4. S c v gii php 5. V sinh mn hnh1. iu chnh hnh nh Tt c cc loi mn hnh my tnh u c thit k cc phm hoc menu chc nng chophp ngi s dng iu chnh cht lng hnh nh hin th. Vic iu chnh cc chc nngny phi ph hp vi nhu cu ngi s dng ( sng, tng phn...) cng nh ph hp vihnh nh xut ra t VGA .Bng1 m t cc chc nng iu chnh mn hnh Biu tng Chc nng M tiu chnh thay i sng ti trn mnBrightnesshnh.iu chnh thay i tng phn ca hnhContrastnh hin th.iu chnh kch thc ngang ca mn hnhHorizontal sizehin th.Horizontaliu chnh thay i v tr ngang ca mnpositionhnh hin th.iu chnh kch thc dc ca mn hnhVertical sizehin th.iu chnh thay i v tr dc ca mn hnhVertical positionhin th.iu chnh s bin dng hnh gi khi ccPincushioncnh ca mn hnh b cong vo hay cong ra.iu chnh s bin dng lm khi cc cnhPin balanceca mn hnh b cong v tri hoc bn phi.Kh t n hnh CRT; (Ch : khng khDegausst nhiu hn hai ln trong 30 pht).VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin8 9. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc viniu chnh v tr menu hin th trn mnOSD controlshnh; (OSD: On Screen Display).iu chnh bin dng hnh thang khi nhTrapezoid hoc y ca mn hnh qu ln hay qunh.Chnh bin dng xoay chiu khi ton bRotation (Tilt)mn hnh b chch qua tri hoc qua phi.Chnh bin dng hnh bnh hnh khi mnParallelogramhnh nghing sang phi hoc sang tri.iu chnh tng gim gn sng ca hnhMoirenh.Color iu chnh ba mu c bn (R,G,B).t cc chc nng iu chnh v trng thiResetmc nh. Lu : khng phi mn hnh no cng c y cc chc nng iu chnh hnh nh trn,nh sn xut c th loi b hoc thm vo mt s chc nng ty . Cc biu tng cng cth thay i cht t theo nh sn xut.2. iu chnh Screen iu chnh Screen l iu chnh sng nn ca n hnh. Khc vi khi iu chnhbrightness ch lm thay i sng ti ca hnh nh mt cch tng i, iu chnh Screens lm thay i sng ti ca hnh nh rt ln, c th lm ti hon ton hoc sng la hnhnh. iu chnh Screen cn tho v nha bc ngoi monitor, bin tr iu chnh Screenc b tr trn bin p Flyback (FBT), iu chnh bin tr theo chiu kim ng h tng sng hoc ngc chiu kim ng h gim sng.Ch :VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 9 10. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Khu vc mch in xung quanh Flyback c in p rt cao nn cn cch in tt khi iu chnh. iu chnh t t bin tr Screen tng nh sng nn, khng nn iu chnh Screen tng cao qu mc lm h hng linh kin trong mch.3. iu chnh Focus iu chnh Focus l iu chnh sc nt ca hnh nh trn Monitor CRT. iu chnhFocus cn tho v nha bc ngoi monitor, bin tr iu chnh Focus c b tr trn bin pFlyback (FBT). Mt s monitor s dng n hnh 17 tr ln c hai bin tr Focus A v Focus B iuchnh sc nt theo chiu dc v chiu ngang ca hnh nh.iu chnh bin tr Focus qua li tm v tr cho hnh nh sc nt nht m n hnh(CRT) t c. Vi cc monitor qua s dng lu ngy, n hnh gi yu, khi iu chnhFocus ch t c sc nt tng i.4. iu chnh mu sc Monitor my tnh s dng ba mu nn: (R), xanh l (G) v xanh l (B) pha trnthnh nhiu mu khc. Khi ba mu nn ny khng cn bng vi nhau s sinh ra hin tngmu sc ca hnh nh hin th trn monitor khng chnh xc, sai mu. Thng thng nh sn xut t cc bin tr iu chnh mu trn bo mch in pha uin hnh hoc cho php iu chnh ngay ti Menu hin th (khng cn tho my). Vic iu chnh mu nn c tin hnh vi hnh nh en trng (POST hay MS Word)hoc phn mm Monitor-tester v nn tin hnh theo th t sau:t Brightness v Contrast v ti thiu.iu chnh Screen (G2) va chm sng trn n hnh.t Brightness v li gi tr trung bnh.iu chnh cc bin tr R,G,B Cut-off (cc bin tr khi cng sut R,G,B) sao choba mu ng u nhau.t Contrast ti a. iu chnh cc bin tr R, G, B Gain (cc bin tr khi tinkhuch i R,G,B) sao cho nn trng trn n hnh ng mu trng.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 10 11. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin5. S c v gii phpSTT Triu chngNguyn nhn Gii phpin p AC khng n nh S dng thit b n p.nh hng bi t trngmnh bin i lin tc bn Di chuyn mn hnh cch xangoi nh: ng dy in vt to ra t trng mnh.Hnh nh lay ng nh cao th, my pht in,(tng t nh khi nhnmy lnh, in thoi 1hnh nh qua mt mnChnh tng t l lm ti mnnc) S nh hin th trong mtnh (Screen refresh rate) cagiy qu thpVGAMch chng gn sng(moire) hot ng khng Chnh chc nng Moirechnh xcXung quanh mn hnh cmt thit b no sinh ra Di chuyn cc thit b sinh tmt t trng u qu ln trng ra xa mn hnhNhim t n hnh nh: nam chm, loa, (hnh nh hin th trn S dng chc nng kh tn hnh c nhng bt ( ) kh sch t cho n 2mu b thay i hoc c hnh hoc tt ngun v m lis khng ng nht v Mch kh t khng hotsau 15 pht, mn hnh t ngmu sc trn cng mt ngkh t.mu nn)Sa cha mch kh t.n hnh hng Thay th mn hnh khc.Mt nh sng khi vowindows Khi ng my tnh v chn phn gii ca VGA(mn hnh vn cho hnhSafe mode vo Windows 3vt qu kh nng hotnh tt khi POST hoc loi b driver ca VGA, sau ng ca mn hnh.khi dng h iu hnh khi ng li my tnh.DOS)Led power nhp nhy Kim tra u ni cp tn hiu.Khng c tn hiu t VGA 4hoc mu cam nhngKim tra hot ng ca mya vo mn hnhkhng c hnh nh tnhMt mu Dy cp tn hiu b tThay cp migy bn trong 5(quan st trn biutng Windows c H hng mch in bnvung mu en)Sa chatrong monitorVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 11 12. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin6. V sinh mn hnhMn hnh khi s dng lu ngy b bm bi bn ln v my v b mt hin th lm gimkh nng quan st ca ngi s dng. i vi lp v nha c th dng cc cht ty nh: SUMO v vi mm lm sch. i vi b mt hin th nn dng vi mm thm nc hoc cht ty pha long lm sch bi bn. Ch : Khng s dng cc ha cht dung mi mnh nh : aceton, cn, .hoc cht ty c cha cc dung mi v sinh mn hnh, nhng cht ny c th lm h (i mu) hoc lm nt v mn hnh. Lp ph b mt chng chi/chng tnh in cng c th b nh hng. Khng c mnh ln mn hnh loi LCD. iu ny c th gy nt, b h hng lp LCD Khng c xt nc hoc cht ty trc tip ln mn hnh. iu ny c th gy h hng, sc in hoc chy. Ngt ngun in mn hnh khi lm v sinh mn hnh.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 12 13. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin A CNG(HARD DISK DRIVE)NI DUNG 1. S c HDD 2. Kim tra khc phc Bad Sector 3. Low Level Format 4. Zero Fill 5. Cc phn mm tin ch1. S c HDDa) Cc du hiu nhn bit h hng HDD HDD c chc nng lu tr d liu cho hot ng ca mt my tnh hoc mt h thnggm nhiu my tnh, mt h hng hay li pht sinh trn HDD c kh nng lm t lit hotng ca my tnh v xu hn na lm mt d liu lu tr. Mt iu khng c hay l kh nng can thip sa cha hoc thay th nhng thnh phn,linh kin trong HDD l khng th. Khi tho g HDD chng ta cn c mt mi trng sch s(phng kn khng c bt k ht bi cc nh no!!!) v cc dng c h tr tho g an ton.Ngay c khi c y trang b th vic tm kim thnh phn thay th cng rt kh khn.Nhng khng phi tt c cc li ca HDD u khng th khc phc c, mt vi phn mmchuyn dng cho php khc phc s t li ca HDD m khng cn thay th mi. Mt s du hiu nhn bit HDD h hng thng gp: Pht ra ting ng bn trong HDD lc hot ng Thng xuyn bo li khi thc hin ghi, chp file. Thi gian truy xut d liu t HDD rt lu. Cc folder v file t ng thay i ln xn hoc bin mt khng l do. Thng xuyn b treo khi khi ng Windows. CMOS khng nhn bit HDD. Khng th Fdisk hay Format c.b) Cc li ph bin v bin php gii quyt: STTriu chng Nguyn nhn Gii quyt T Mt in p cung Kim tra v gn cht li u cpcp ngun in cho HDD CMOS khng nhn thy1Jump master/slave HDDKim tra jump master/slave khng ng Li Cp tn hiu Thay cp miVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 13 14. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Cu hnh sai trong Vo CMOS chn chc nng CMOS Auto-detect HDD. Mch in HDDThay th mch in hng HDD hng uThay th HDD c/ghi C Bad sector tiLow level format Khng th Fdisk hoc Format track0 ca HDD2 HDD HDD hng uThay th HDD c/ghi Xut hin thng bo li:CMOS khng nhn3Nh phn 1 No fixed disk present thy HDD Xut hin thng bo li: Sector not found Retry, Abort, Ignore, Fail? Hoc:Dng phn mm tm v Error reading drive C: HDD c Bad phc hi Bad Sector.4 Retry, Abort, Ignore, Fail?SectorFormat li HDD. Hoc: A serious error occur when reading driver C:, Retry or Abort ? Track 0 ca HDDLow level format hoc thay5Track 0 not found b li th HDD mi. HDD cha cDng Fdisk hoc Partition Xut hin thng bo li:nh dng lm khi Magic kim tra nh dng Disk boot failure hoc ng HDD6non system disk hoc No ROM basic SYSTEMMaster boot recordDng lnh fdisk/mbr phc HALTED (MBR) ca HDDhi MBR. b li hoc virus Xut hin thng bo li: Chy Scandisk c th khc Bng ghi nh v7 phc li, nu khng c phi File allocation table bad file (FAT) b li.Format li HDD. Xut hin thng bo li C mt bad sector8Trying to recover allocation ti a chLow Level Format uint xxxx khi format HDD XXXXVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 14 15. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Li khi kim tra Vo CMOS chn chc nng Xut hin thng bo li HDD trong qu Auto-detect HDD. trnh POST9Primary (Secondary) hard disk fail Mch in ca Thay th mch in hoc HDD HDD hng Version ca BIOS CMOS khng nhn dung 10qu c khngCp nht BIOS lng HDD tng thch2. Kim tra v khc phc Bad sector Mt HDD cha hng triu sector trn b mt a t, mt sector gi l bad khi n khngc kh nng c/ghi d liu. Thng thng Bad setor xy ra do mt trong hai trng hpsau: Bad vt l (physical): do lp ph t tnh trn bao ph a t b try, xc hoc bong trc ti mt vng no . Bad logic: xy ra do li ca u t HDD ghi d liu khng chnh xc hoc Cluster c ghi d liu ln nhiu ln khin h iu hnh khng nhn nhn chnh xc v t ng nh du Bad Sector. Vi cc phn mm chuyn dng cc Bad setor c th c tm kim v phc hi li,nhng y cng ch l gii php tm thi nu Bad sector sinh ra do b mt a t try,xc.a) HDD Regenerator Phn mm HDD Regenerator c chc nng qut tm kim v phc hi Bad sector rttt, tng thch vi mi nh dng ca HDD (FAT, NTFS,), khng lm thay i cu trcd liu hay mt d liu. Khuyt im ca phn mm ny l ch hot ng vi h iu hnhDOS. Khi ng my tnh vi h iu hnh DOS (hoc FreeDos), sau a a c phn mmHDD Regenerator vo hoc tm ti th mc c lu phn mn ny chy file: hddreg.exe Mn hnh chnh ca phn mm hin ra nh hnh 1:VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 15 16. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinHDD Regenerator v1.51This program allows to repair bad sector on damaged hard diskdrives without any influence on stored information. Report on allrecovered sectors will be stored in hddreg.log file. Dung lng v s Choose disk drive for scan: sector ca HDD1 1. 38166 Mb in 78165360 sector 2. 4103 Mb in 8404830 sector Dung lng v s sector ca HDD2Enter choice [ _ ]Copyright Dmitriy PrimochenkoHnh 1 Trong mn hnh ny s xut hin thng bo v dung lng v s lng sector ca tngHDD hin c. Nhp s th t HDD cn kim tra vo phn Enter choice bt u. Nuch c duy nht mt HDD trong my th nhn Enter. Mn hnh tip theo cho php la chn qut ton b dung lng HDD hay ch mt phndung lng bng cch nhp vo s Mb bt u qut, sau nhn enter (hnh 2). Hnh 2VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin16 17. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin V d: chn 1000Mb, phn mm HDD Regenerator s bt u t byte th 1000M ncui, phn t u n byte th 999M c b qua. Qu trnh qut tm Bad sector v phc hi Bad sector bt u, thi gian qut v phchi rt ln do phi qut tng sector trn b mt HDD (hnh 3). HDD Regenerator v1.51 This program allows to repair bad sector on damaged hard disk drives without any influence on stored information. Report on all recovered sectors will be stored in hddreg.log file.Tin trnhScanning drivethc hin S bad sector tm thyScanned 18 Mb (39000 sectors) Copyright Dmitriy PrimochenkoB 0 bad sectors foundR 0 bad sectors recoveredCtrl + Break to terminateS bad sectorc phc hiHnh 3S lng Bad sector tm thy v s lng Bad sector c phc hi s hin th phagc tri bn di mn hnh (hnh 4). Hnh 4 dng chng trnh nhn t hp phm Ctrl + Break.Mt iu cn ghi nh l phn mm HDD Regenerator khng c kh nng lm n hayloi b cc sector h hng khng cn kh nng phc hi. Mt HDD sau khi dng HDDRegenerator phc hi bad sector vn c kh nng h hng li sau mt thi gian s dng.b) Flobo hard disk repairVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin17 18. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Flobo hard disk repair l phn mm hot ng trong h iu hnh Windows, tch hpnhiu chc nng: phc hi bad sector, kim tra b mt a, kim tra thng tin HDD.Phnmm Flobo cn c tin hnh ci t trn h iu hnh Windows 98/Me/2000/XP nh ccng dng thng thng, sau vo StartProgramsFlobo Hard Disk Repair chy phnmm. Hnh 5 Giao din chnh ca Flobo Hard Disk Repair kh n gin, gc trn bn phi l hp thngbo v cc HDD hin hnh, dc bn tri l cc nt cng c, chnh gia l phn hin th ccthng tin k thut ca HDD (hnh 6). Nhp tri chut chn HDD cn kim tra trc, sau nhp tri chut vo mt trong ccnt cng c thc hin kim tra hay sa cha bad sector. Hnh 6 Bad sector repair: Tm kim v phc hi cc sector b bad trn a t. Speed Test: kim tra tc ghi/c (Mbps), s vng quay (rpm) ca HDD. HDD Information: kim tra v hin th tt c cc thng s k thut ca HDD. Surface Test: qut kim tra b mt vt l a t.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 18 19. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Media Stability:Kim tra bn. Controller Test:Kim tra mch iu khin.3. Low level format Low level format (Format cp thp) hay cn c gi Physical format l vic phnchia, nh dng cc Track v Sector trn b mt a t ca HDD, Format cp thp s ghi lithng tin nh dng ln tng sector ca HDD v mt vt l ph hp vi trng thi ughi/c thi im v nh du loi b cc sector h hng (nu c) khi danh sch qun lca mch iu khin, c th qu trnh format cp thp s thc hin ba nhim v sau:Chia Track, to Track Number mi u Track qun l Track .Chia sector, to sector ID (Identify) u mi sector gip cho u c/ghi c thnhn din c v tr bt u ca mt sector. To mt byte CRC (Cyclic RedundancyCheck) kim tra li hay kim tra tnh trng ca sector. Gia hai sector k tip nhautrn cng mt track s cch nhau mt khong trng, khong trng ny c dng d phng trong trng hp u t b lch, n vn c th c c sector tip theo.nh s th t ca cc sector trn mi Track. Thng HDD c nh sn xut format cp thp trc khi xut xng, vic format cpthp mt HDD ang s dng ch nn thc hin khi HDD pht sinh li khng th khc phcc bng cc bin php thng thng nh: khng th fdisk, format hay xut hin badsectorCc iu cn ch khi thc hin format cp thp: Ton b d liu, thng tin trong HDD hon ton b xa khng th phc hi, HDD hu nh c tr v trng thi ban u khi va xut xng. u c/ghi hoc b mt a t h hng qu nng th vic format cp thp cng khng th phc hi c HDD. Format cp thp c kh nng gy thit hi v mt t tnh vi HDD, do khng nn lm dng qu ng lm gim tui th ca HDD. i khi format cp thp cng gy h hng hon ton mt HDD nu u c/ghi b thit hi nng qua qu trnh s dng. Phn mm format cp thp c cung cp t cc nh sn xut HDD, phn mm ca hng no ch h tr cho HDD ca hng . Mt s phn mm format cp thp c lp trnh lm vic vi nhiu loi HDD khc nhau nhng khng c chuyn su.Format cp thp vi phn mm Ontrack Disk ManagerOntrack Disk Manager l phn mm qun l HDD bao gm nhiu chc nng: fdisk,format, chia partition, format cp thp, hot ng vi h iu hnh DOS, tng thch vitt c cc loi HDD: Maxtor, Hitachi, Seagate, Samsung, Toshiba, Fujitsu, IBM, Quantum,Western Digital.Khi ng my tnh vi h iu hnh DOS, sau chy chng trnh On track DiskManager t a CD hoc a mm FDD.u tin mn hnh s xut hin thng bo cnh bo, nu chp nhn nhn t hp phmAlt+C, nhn bt k phm no kt thc chng trnh (hnh 7).VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin19 20. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinHnh 7Sau khi nhn Alt + C menu chnh ca phn mm xut hin, di chuyn vt sng chn(M) aintenace Options (hnh 7a) vo menu Maintenace options. Trn menuMaintenace Options tip tc di chuyn vt sng chn (U) tiltties (hnh 7b). Hnh 8Tip theo thng tin v cc HDD hin hnh s xut hin bn gc phi v menu la chnHDD bn gc tri (hnh 9). Cn ch chn ng HDD cn format.Hnh 9Chn chc nng Low Level Format (hnh 10)VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin20 21. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Hnh 10 Chn (Y)ES nu mun tip tc format cp thp HDD, chn (N)O kt thc chngtrnh (hnh 11).Hnh 11 Sau khi chp nhn qu trnh format cp thp bt u t 0% n 100% b mt a t (hnh12), thi gian hon thnh format cp thp mt HDD ph thuc vo dung lng cng nh tnhtrng ca HDD, thng mt khong 6 gi cho mt HDD 40GB. Hnh 12 Mun dng qu trnh format cp thp khi cha hon thnh 100% c th nhn phmESC, nhng lc ny HDD vn c xem nh format, thng tin, d liu bn trong HDD b xa.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 21 22. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin4. Zero Fill Zero fill l qu trnh xa sch d liu ghi trn tng sector ca HDD (khng phc hi lic). Khc vi Low Level Format, Zero Fill khng nh dng li Track v Sector m chty sch tt c cc sector bng cch ghi trng thi 0 byte ln tng sector mt, do ZeroFill t nh hng n tui th ca HDD. Zero fill c kh nng phc hi cc bad sector sinhra bi nhiu lon t ca HDD. Nhng phn mm qun l HDD (Disk manager) ca cc hng sn xut u c tch hp chai ZeroFill v Low level Format, hoc s dng phm mm Ontrack Disk Manager. Tin trnh thc hin Zero Fill tng t nh Low Level Format, nhng khi vo n menuSelect Utility Option chn Zero Fill Drive thay v chn Low Level Format (hnh 13). Hnh 13Mun ngng qu trnh Zero Fill khi cha hon thnh 100% c th nhn phm ESC,nhng lc ny xem nh thng tin, d liu bn trong HDD b xa.5. Cc phn mn tin ch ca HDD a) Ontrack Disk Manager: bao gm hai chc nng Format cp thp v Zero Fill, hotng trn nn h iu hnh DOS, tng thch vi tt c cc nhn hiu HDD hin nay.Download v tham kho chi tit ti: http://www.ontrackdatarecovery.com/hard-drive-software/diskmanager.aspx. b) Hard Disk Low Level Format tools: phn mm min ph cho php Format cp thptt c cc nhn hiu HDD hin nay, hot ng trn nn h iu hnh Windows 98/2000/XP,h tr giao din ATA-SATA-USB. Download v tham kho chi tit ti: http://hddguru.com.c) SeaTools: phn mm gm nhiu chc nng kim tra v format cp thp HDD nhnhiu Seagate v Maxtor, hot ng trn nn h iu hnh Dos. Download v tham kho chitit ti: http://www.seagate.com/www/en-us/support/downloads/seatools. d) Hutil: phn mm tin ch chn on v format cp thp HDD nhn hiu SamSung,hot ng trn nn h iu hnh Dos. Download v tham kho chi tit ti:http://www.samsung.com/global/business/hdd/support/utilities/Support_HUTIL.html. e) HDAT2: phn mn kim tra v chn on cc loi HDD giao tip ATA-SATA-SCSI-USB, hot ng trn nn h iu hnh Dos. Download v tham kho chi tit ti:http://www.hdat2.com. f) Flobo hard disk repair: phn mn kim tra, chn on v sa li cc loi HDD, hotng trn nn h iu hnh Windows. Download v tham kho chi tit ti:http://www.floborecovery.us/Downloads.html.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin22 23. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin KHI PHC D LIU (DATA RECOVERY)NI DUNG 1. Nguyn nhn mt d liu 2. Khi phc d liu bng phn mm chuyn dng1. Nguyn nhn mt d liu D liu l cc thng tin tht nh: vn bn ti liu, m thanh, hnh nh, con s .v.v.tnti di dng my tnh c th x l v c ct gi trong cc thit b lu tr, ngi s dngch c th s dng d liu thng qua hot ng ca my tnh. Kh nng d liu b mt hay h hng rt d dng xy ra do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau.Mt s d liu nh: ti liu bin son, hp ng kinh t, ha n, bo co. khi mt hay hhng s gy nn nhng hu qu rt nghim trng. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n mt mt dliu, nhn chung c ba nguyn nhn chnh:Li thit b phn cng: y l nguyn nhn hng u dn n mt d liu, chimkhong 44%. Li phn cng c th xy ra do c s bt thng v dng in hocthit hi v vt l ca thit b lu trLi phn mm: chim khong 21%, nguyn nhn do Virus ph hoi, h iu hnh hhngLi ngi s dng: chim khong 32%, nguyn nhn do ngi s dng thao tckhng ng cch nh: xa nhm, format hay fdisk khi cha sao lu d liu Khi phc d liu l qu trnh s dng cc thit b hay phn mm chuyn dng tmkim d liu b mt, nn nh y cng ch l mt gii php lm gim thiu thit hi, d liukhng th no c khi phc hon ton nh trc. Cc iu cn bit khi khi phc d liu:Nn dng s dng ngay thit b lu tr ang b mt d liu, khng nn tin hnh cit hay ghi/xa, vic ny c th lm mt hn d liu, khng th khi phc c.Nn s dng thm mt HDD khc dng lu cc d liu tm thy, HDD ny cgi l Destination. Trnh lu d liu c tm thy ln HDD b mt d liu.Cc file d liu sau khi c khi phc c th b i tn khng nh trc, cu trcth mc thay i hon ton.Cc file hnh nh hoc Exel tm c c th ch c tn nhng khng c ni dung hoch hng hon ton khng s dng c.2. Khi phc d liu bng phn mm chuyn dng C rt nhiu phn mm chuyn dng dng khi phc d liu, tt c cc phn mm ny chc kh nng khi phc d liu trong cc trng hp khng b thit hi nng v vt l, c thcc trng hp sau c th dng phn mm khi phc d liu: D liu b mt do ngi s dng v xa nhm hay fdisk, format nhm.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin23 24. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Li trong bn nh v file (FAT- File Allocation Table) khng cho php truy cp n partition hoc sector ca HDD. Li h hng ngu nhin ca file d liu. H hng do Virus. Cc trng hp khng th dng phn mm khi phc d liu:H hng, chy n mch in ca thit b lu tr.Khng nhn dng c thit b lu tr.Thit hi nng v vt l nh: h hng, bin dng u t ghi/c ca HDD, b mt ttnh ca a t try xc, bong trc. format cp thp hon ton.a) EasyRecovery Chng trnh Easy Recovery phin bn dng trong Dos c kh nng tm kim khi phcd liu trong cc trng hp file b xa, Partition hay HDD b fdisk, format. Chp phin bn Easy Recovery for Dos vo a CD hoc HDD, tt nht nn to mt aCD khi ng v ghi phn mn vo cng a , v nu chp vo HDD c kh nng cc filemi s ghi ln vng a c d liu cn khi phc lm mt hn d liu. Khi ng mytnh t a CD, tm n th mc Easy Recovery chy file ERDOS.exe. Ca s giao din u tin ca chng rnh s hin th y thng tin hin trng ccHDD v Partition ang c trong my tnh. La chn Partition no c d liu b mt cn khiphc (1), sau chn Next (2).Hnh 14VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin24 25. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Tip tc chn Next ca s giao din tip theo bt u qu trnh qut tm kim dliu (3). Nu mun thay i Partition khc chn Change tr v ca s ban u. AdvanceOption cho php cu hnh ty chn qu trnh khi phc d liu. (3) Chn Next tip tc Hnh 15 Sau khi hon tt qu trnh qut tm kim d liu, chng trnh s sp xp tt c cc d liutm thy vo mt cy th mc vi cc th mc bt u t DIR0. Kim tra v nh du voth mc no cn ly li d liu (4), sau in ng dn n th mc ch m cc d liutm thy s c chp ra thu mc trong Destination (5) hoc Browse la chn, sau chn Show tag option bt u sao chp d liu.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin25 26. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin(4) nh duth mc (5) ng dnth mc chHnh 16Lu :Chng trnh s sp xp d liu theo th t tm thy trn b mt a nn d liu saukhi khi phc s b xo trn khng theo nh s sp xp trc .hCc file no c tn di hn tm k t s b b i phn sau cui v thay th bng du~ sao cho va tm k t. L do Dos khng th qun l cc file c tn di hntm k t.b) EasyRecovery ProfessionalEasyRecovery Professional dng trong Windows, c tch hp nhiu chc nng: chnon HDD, khi phc d liu, sa cha file v Email.Chn tab Data Recovery trong ca s chnh ca phn mm EasyRecovery tin hnhkhi phc d liu.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 26 27. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Hnh 17Trong mc Data Recovery c nhiu chc nng khi phc d liu ph hp vi nguynnhn dn n mt d liu, vic chn lc chc nng thch hp s lm cho qu trnh khi phcd liu d dnh thun li hn:AdvancedRecovery: Tm kim v khi phc tt c cc file b mt do virus tn cng,format partition, xa partition, h hng bn nh v file..DeletedRecovery: tm kim v khi phc nhanh chng cc file b xa.FormatRecovery: cho php khi phc cc file b mt khi format nhm, chng trnhs b qua h thng cu trc file hin ti v c gng tm kim n h thng cu trcfile trc .RawRecovery: tm kim v khi phc cc file trong nhng partition h hng cu trcth mc, khng xc nh c nh dng file.ResumeRecovery: cho php bt u li qu trnh khi phc d liu trc .EmergencyMedia: chc nng to a mm hoc a CD khi ng c cha phin bnDos ca EasyRecovery, dng cp cu khi phc d liu khi khng th khi ng hiu hnh. Chc nng AdvancedRecovery thng c s dng do c kh nng tm kim ccfile b mt do nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau, nhng thi gian tm kim kh lu. Sau khi chnAdvancedRecovery, chng trnh thc hin qut tm kim, hin th tt c cc a cng vpartition hin c. Chn partition cn tm kim d liu, sau chn Next,(hnh 18).VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 27 28. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Hnh 18 Qu trnh tm kim file bt u, sau tt c cc th mc tm thy s hin th bn triv cc file trong th mc s hin th bn phi, nh du vo th mc hoc file cn khi phc,sau chn Next, (hnh 19).Hnh 19VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin28 29. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Tip tc chn ni chp cc d liu tm thy vo, nu mun nn tt c cc file tmthy chn thm Create Zip, ton b cc file tm thy s c nn li thnh mt file zip,(hnh 20).Hnh 20c) Cc phn mm khi phc d liu Drive Rescue: C hi phc hi rt nhiu nu a cng khng b thit hi v mt vt lhay b ghi ln. Lu chng trnh ch tm kim trn cc partition nh dng FAT vtng thch Windows98/2000/XP.File Recover: c th xc nh c cc file b xa trn cng v phc hi chng. Tinch ny s qut cc cng vt l v logic trong khong thi gian 1 pht v s hin th mtdanh sch cc file xa, cng c th phc hi cc fle xa trong thng rc. File Recoverh tr cng IDE/ATA/SCSI v cc loi cng ln hn 8GB.Get Data Back: c th khi phc cc d liu xo t HDD, mm, ZIP, a mngvi 5 bc.OfficeRecovery Enterprise: y l s kt hp 26 cng c h tr phc hi cu trc dliu cho kh nhiu nh dng tp tin b h hng (a phn l tp tin ca cc chng trnh csn xut bi Microsoft), nguyn nhn khin tp tin khng th lm vic c.Recover4all Professional: C th phc hi cc dng thc file: ti liu, hnh nh, phim,nhc... trn HDD, FDD, Flash USB, th nh H tr tt c h thng file: FAT12, FAT16,FAT32 v NTFS. Khng cn ci t, c th chy trc tip t mt a mm.File ArchiveRescue Professional: chng trnh chuyn dng khi phc nhng dliu mt trn PC hay my PDA hoc l d liu trn in thoi di ng.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin29 30. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin S C KHNG KHI NGNI DUNG 1.Qu trnh khi ng my tnh 2.M beep (beep codes) 3.Card kim tra POST 4.Thng bo li trong qu trnh POST 5.X l s c POST1. Qu trnh khi ng my tnhTt c cc my tnh u phi tri qua mt qu trnh t khi ng, kim tra chun b trckhi h iu hnh my tnh hot ng.u tin, lc b ngun bt u lm vic cung cp dng in cho hot ng ca cc thnhphn trong my tnh, mt lnh Reset ton b h thng c a ra ngn chn khng cho hthng hot ng. ng thi Mainboard s kim tra mt tn hiu c bit gi l Power-Good (hay cn gi l power-ok) c gi n t b ngun. Nu in p ca tn hiu ny ctr s t +3V n +6V, mainboard ngng lnh reset cho php h thng bt u qu trnh tkim tra thit b.Qu trnh t kim tra thit b c tn gi l POST (power on self test) bao gm mt chuith t cc lnh kim tra c trong chip ROM-BIOS trn mainboard. Cc lnh kim tra ny sln lt kim tra cc thnh phn ch yu trong my tnh nh: CPU, Chipset, cc b nh,VGA.Sau khi hon tt kim tra thit b, POST chuyn quyn iu khin n mt chcnng k tip ca BIOS l Bootstrap Loader (b np khi ng) tm kim h iu hnh.Bootstrap Loader c thng tin v th t thit b np h iu hnh trong CMOS. NuBootstrap Loader xc nh thy mt Boot Sector n s chuyn quyn iu khin cho h iuhnh v qu trnh khi ng hon thnh. Nu khng tm thy Boot Sector, Bootstrap Loaders i n thit b k tip c ch nh trong CMOS tm kim h iu hnh.2. M beep (Beeps Code) Thng thng khi qu trnh POST hon thnh mt hoc hai m thanh Beep ngn pht ratrn loa bn trong thng my. Nu trong thi gian thc hin POST mt li phn cng cxc nh, BIOS thng s xut mt thng bo gii thch li trn mn hnh. Tuy nhin, nu lic xc nh trc khi VGA lm vic hay bn thn VGA b li th BIOS s pht ra nhngchui m thanh Beep thng bo cho ngi s dng bit c li v phn cng. Cc chui mthanh beep ny c gi l Beep Codes. Mi mt nh sn xut BIOS hoc Mainboard u c mt chui m thanh beep khc nhau.Khi nghe thy my tnh pht ra m beep cn tra bng m beep xc nh s c. Sau y lbng m beep ca mt s BIOS thng dng: AMI BeepsError Message Description DRAM refreshThe programmable interrupt timer or programmable 1 shortfailureinterrupt controller has probably failed 2 short Memory parity A memory parity error has occurred in the first 64K ofVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 30 31. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin error RAM. The RAM IC is probably badBase 64K memoryA memory failure has occurred in the first 64K of 3 short failure RAM. The RAM IC is probably badSystem timer The system clock/timer IC has failed or there is a 4 short failure memory error in the first bank of memory 5 shortProcessor errorThe system CPU has failed The keyboard controller IC has failed, which is not 6 shortGate A20 failure allowing Gate A20 to switch the processor to protected mode. Replace the keyboard controllerVirtual mode The CPU has generated an exception error because of 7 short processor exception a fault in the CPU or motherboard circuitry errorDisplay memory 8 short The system video adapter is missing or defective read/write error The contents of the system BIOS ROM does notROM checksum 9 short match the expected checksum value. The BIOS ROM error is probably defective and should be replaced CMOS shutdown10 short register read/write The shutdown for the CMOS has failed error11 short Cache error The L2 cache is faulty Failure in videoAn error was encountered in the video BIOS ROM, or 1 long, 2 short systema horizontal retrace failure has been encountered 1 long, 3 short Memory test failure A fault has been detected in memory above 64KB 1 long, 8 short Display test failureThe video adapter is either missing or defective 2 short POST FailureOne of the hardware testa have failed POST has passed all 1 long testsAWARDBeeps Error MessageDescription Either video adapter is bad or is not seated properly. Video adapter 1long, 2 shortAlso, check to ensure the monitor cable is connected error properly. Repeating (endlessMemory errorCheck for improperly seated or missing memory. loop) No video card or 1long, 3short Reseat or replace the video card. bad video RAM High frequency Check the CPU fan for proper operation. Check the Overheated CPU beeeps whilecase for proper air flow. running Either the CPU is not seated properly or the CPU is Repeating CPU damaged. May also be due to excess heat. Check the High/Low CPU fan or BIOS settings for proper fan speed. Check the CPU fan for proper operation. Check the 4 longOverheated CPU case for proper air flow.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin31 32. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinCOMPAQ BeepsError Message Description 1 short No errorSystem is booting properly The contents of the BIOS ROM to not match the BIOS ROM checksum 1 long, 1 short expected contents. If possible, reload the BIOS error from the PAQ Check the video adapter and ensure its seated 1 long, 2 short Video error properly. If possible, replace the video adapter 7 beeps (1 long, 1s, 1l, 1 The AGP video card is faulty. Reseat the card or short, pause, 1 AGP video replace it outright. This beep pertains to Compaq long, 1 short,Deskpro systems 1 short 1 long neverending Memory error. Bad RAM. Replace and test beep Reseat RAM then retest; replace RAM if failure 1 short, 2 long Bad RAM continuesPHOENIX Beeps Error Message Description 1-1-2 CPU test failureThe CPU is faulty. Replace the CPU Low 1-The motherboard is having an undetermined fault. System board select failure 1-2 Replace the motherboard The real time clock/CMOS is faulty. Replace the 1-1-3 CMOS read/write error CMOS if possible Low 1-Extended CMOS RAM The extended portion of the CMOS RAM has 1-3 failure failed. Replace the CMOS if possible The BIOS ROM has failed. Replace the BIOS or 1-1-4 BIOS ROM checksum error upgrade if possible The programmable interrupt timer has failed. 1-2-1 PIT failure Replace if possible The DMA controller has failed. Replace the IC if 1-2-2 DMA failure possible The DMA controller has failed. Replace the IC if 1-2-3 DMA read/write failure possible 1-3-1 RAM refresh failure The RAM refresh controller has failed 1-3-2 64KB RAM failureThe test of the first 64KB RAM has failed to start The first RAM IC has failed. Replace the IC if 1-3-3 First 64KB RAM failure possible 1-3-4 First 64KB logic failureThe first RAM control logic has failed 1-4-1 Address line failureThe address line to the first 64KB RAM has failed 1-4-2 Parity RAM failureThe first RAM IC has failed. Replace if possible 1-4-3 EISA fail-safe timer test Replace the motherboard 1-4-4 EISA NMI port 462 testReplace the motherboard Bit 0; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-1-1 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible 2-1-2 64KB RAM failureBit 1; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 32 33. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Replace the IC if possible Bit 2; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-1-3 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 3; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-1-4 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 4; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-2-1 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 5; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-2-2 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 6; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-2-3 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 7; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-2-4 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 8; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-3-1 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 9; This data bit on the first RAM IC has failed. 2-3-2 64KB RAM failure Replace the IC if possible Bit 10; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-3-3 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible Bit 11; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-3-4 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible Bit 12; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-4-1 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible Bit 13; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-4-2 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible Bit 14; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-4-3 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible Bit 15; This data bit on the first RAM IC has 2-4-4 64KB RAM failure failed. Replace the IC if possible The DMA controller has failed. Replace the 3-1-1 Slave DMA register failure controller if possible The DMA controller had failed. Replace the 3-1-2 Master DMA register failure controller if possible Master interrupt mask 3-1-3 The interrupt controller IC has failed register failure Slave interrupt mask register 3-1-4 The interrupt controller IC has failed failure The BIOS was unable to load the interrupt vectors 3-2-2 Interrupt vector error into memory. Replace the motherboard 3-2-3 Reserved The keyboard controller has failed. Replace the 3-2-4 Keyboard controller failure IC if possible Replace the CMOS battery or CMOS RAM if 3-3-1 CMOS RAM power bad possible The CMOS configuration has failed. Restore the 3-3-2 CMOS configuration error configuration or replace the battery if possible 3-3-3 Reserved 3-3-4 Video memory failureThere is a problem with the video memory.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 33 34. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinReplace the video adapter if possibleThere is a problem with the video adapter. Reseat 3-4-1 Video initialization failurethe adapter or replace the adapter if possibleThe systems timer IC has failed. Replace the IC 4-2-1 Timer failureif possibleThe CMOS has failed. Replace the CMOS IC if 4-2-2 Shutdown failurepossibleThe keyboard controller has failed. Replace the 4-2-3 Gate A20 failureIC if possible Unexpected interrupt inThis is a CPU problem. Replace the CPU and 4-2-4 protected mode retestSystem RAM addressing circuitry is faulty. 4-3-1 RAM test failureReplace the motherboard Interval timer channel 2 The system timer IC has failed. Replace the IC if 4-3-3 failurepossibleThe real time clock/CMOS has failed. Replace 4-3-4 Time of day clock failurethe CMOS if possible 4-4-1 Serial port failureA error has occurred in the serial port circuitry 4-4-2 Parallel port failureA error has occurred in the parallel port circuitry 4-4-3 Math coprocessor failure The mathC th tm thm thng tin v cp nht v m beep ti trang web: www.bioscentral.com3. Card kim tra POST Card kim tra POST l mt thit b c kh nng hin th cc kt qu trong qu trnh POST (Power On Self Test) ca my tnh. Trong qu trnh khi ng my tnh nu b ngun b li hoc c li nghim trng trn Mainboard v CPU s khng xut hin m beep, trong trng hp ny Card kim tra POST l mt gii php tt nht nhn thy v xc nh li. C nhiu loi Card kim tra POST, loi giao tip PCI s dng cho Desktop, loi giao tip USB hoc LPT s dng cho LAPTOP v.vDi y l phn trnh by c bn v card kim tra POST giao tip PCI s dng cho Desktop, cc loi khc s dng tung t.a) Cc thnh phn trn card Cc thnh phn trn Card test POSTVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 34 35. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin ngha cc Led LEDChc nng M tRUN Bus pluse Nu Led sng, mainboard hot ng, khng c linu code thay i.CLK Bus clock Led sng bo mch dao ng to xung Clock trnMainboard hot ngBIOSBasic I/O readLed sng /tt khi CPU c BIOSIRDYManager is readyLed sng/tt khi c mt thng bo li.OSC Oscillation Led sng bo mch dao ng thi gian thc (RealTime Clock) hot ng.FRAMEDFrame periods Lun lun sng, ch sng/tt khi c mt li.RST Reset Led sng bo lnh reset trn Mainboard c bt.+12VPower Led sng bo c ngun +12V-12VPower Led sng bo c ngun -12V+5V Power Led sng bo c ngun +5V-5V Power Led sng bo c ngun -5V+3V3Power Led sng bo c ngun +3V3Led bo m POST hin th di dng thp lc phn (s Hex). Tng ng vi mi loiBIOS khc nhau m hin th trn Card c ngha khc nhau. Do cn xc nh loiBIOS (Award, AMI, Phoenix) ca Mainboard trc khi d bng m li i km theocard. C th tm thm thng tin v cp nht v code ti trang web:www.bioscentral.comb) S dng card kim tra POSTa POST Card vo khe PCI hoc ISA. Khi ng my tnh v theo di hot ng cacc Led trn POST Card:Tt c cc Led bo ngun in +12V, +5V, +3V3, -12V u phi sng. Nu c Ledno khng sng ngha l in p khng c, kim tra li b ngun v Mainboard.Led RST sng trong giy sau tt. Nu Led RST sng lin tc, Mainboard khngngt lnh Reset do tn hiu PWR-OK ca ngun khng tt (ngun h) hoc Mainboardhng.Led CLK sng lin tc ngay c khi khng c CPU. Nu Led ny khng sng mch daong to xung clock trn Mainboard (Clock Generator) khng hot ng.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 35 36. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinLed OSC sng lin tc. Nu Led OSC khng sng mch RTC (ng h thi gian thc)bn trong chip cu nam khng hot ng.Led BIOS sng/tt v xut hin m bt u 00 hoc FF trn POST Card. Nungc li Led khng sng/tt BIOS b hng v khng xut hin m thp lc phn.Khi BIOS hot ng kim tra thit b, m thp lc phn trn POST Card thay i lintc hin th hot ng ca BIOS, thng thng s bt u t 00 v kt thc cng l00 hay bt u FF kt thc FF. Nu m dng li khng trng vi m bt u (00hay FF) v h thng khng hot ng, c m ny v tra bng m li xc nh h hngca thit b.4. Cc thng bo li thng thng trong qu trnh POST a) CMOS checksum error: li ny xut hin khi Pin CMOS yu hoc ngay sau khiclear CMOS. b) Battery low: c ngha Pin CMOS cn thay mi. c) Primary (Secondary) harddisk failure: thng bo c li a cng Primary(Secondary). Thng thng li ny cng xut hin khi thay mi a cng nhngtrong CMOS vn cn lu cu hnh a trc. Nu CMOS vn nhn ng thng tin a cng nhng vn xut hin thng bo li th nn kim tra hay thay th a cngmi. d) Keyboard error: thng bo li khng nhn thy Keyboard. Thay th keyboard minu vn xut hin thng bo li nn kim tra Mainboard. e) Insert boot disk, system disk failure: thng bo ngh a a khi ng vo, ah thng b li. Thng bo li ny cng xut hin khi a cng cha c nh dnglm a khi ng hoc a cng c li MBR (Track0) cn kim tra hay thay thmi.5. X l s c khi khi ng Mt my tnh khng hon thnh qu trnh khi ng thng do c mt li no vphn cng cn c kim tra tng phn. Lu sau a ra phng hng tng qut dtm thnh phn c li. Mt thnh phn no c xc nh c li nn c lm v sinh, thay i v tr trc khithay th bng mt thnh phn mi. Cc ch thch trong lu :(a) Xem bi b ngun ATX.(b) C th loi b cng tc ngun trn thng my v dng mt vt dn kch trctip vo chn Power on mainboard.(c) Dng ng h VOM o in p Pin CMOS, cn thay th pin mi nu in pnh hn 1,5V.(d) Dng Jump clear CMOS trn mainboard hoc tho pin khi Mainboardkhong 30 giy clear CMOS.(e) Tn hiu PWR-OK t ngun gi n Mainboard ti chn 8 u cm ngunchnh (thng dy mu xm), PWR-OK c xem l tt khi in p nm trongdy t +3V n +6V, thng thng in p ny l +5V.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 36 37. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Cc bc kim tra s c my tnh khng khi ngVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin37 38. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinS C STOP ERRORNI DUNG 1. S c Stop error 2. Mn hnh Stop Error 3. Cu hnh Dump files 4. X l s c stop error1. S c Stop Error Stop Error thng xut hin khi h iu hnh Windows pht hin ra mt li hay mtvn nghim trng m khng th b qua hay t sa cha c. Lc xy ra Stop Error hiu hnh s dng ton b tin trnh x l bo v s ton vn ca h thng v tin hnhchn on li. Thng tin chn on li s hin th di dng vn bn, ch trng trn nnxanh (Green). Rc ri ny sau khng th t khi phc m i hi ngi s dng phi canthip tt nng my tnh, do Stop Error cn c gi bng thut ng BSOD, vit tt caBlue Screen Of Dead (mn hnh xanh cht chc). Mc nh, Windows XP/2000/2003 s to th mc :windowsminidump v lu vo thmc ny mt file ghi li thng tin chn on li cng ni dung cha ng trong b h thngmi ln xut hin Stop Error. Cc file ny c gi l Dump Files v thng c mttrong hai tn sau:Minixxxxxx-0x.dmp, vi xxxxxx l ngy thng h thng gp trc trc v -0x tng ng vi s ln h thng b trc trc ngy hm . Ch s -0x cng cao th c ngha gn thi im , s ln gp trc trc ca my cng nhiu.Dumpxxxxxx-0x.dmp, cch hiu tng t nh Minixxxxxx-0x.dmp vi xxxxxx l ngy thng h thng gp trc trc v -0x tng ng vi s ln h thng b trc trc trong ngy hm .Nguyn nhn dn n hin tng Stop Error:Li phn cng: trc trc trong b nh h thng, nhit vi x l qu nng, cng b li vt l hoc sp hng, b ngun cung cp dng in khng n nhLi Driver: ci t driver khng tng thch hoc cc file driver pht sinh li sau mt qu trnh hot ng.Li phn mm: xung t gia cc phn mm c ci t trong my tnh, h iu hnh li file h thng hay registryLi do virus xm nhp tn ph.Li BIOS khng tng thch vi h iu hnh hay phn mm c ci t, thng xut hin trn cc Mainboard qu c, li thi. Thng thng li Stop Error c th khng tip tc xut hin sau khi khi ng linhng cng c lc n s xut hin thng xuyn hn i khi hon ton lm cho my tnhkhng th no hot ng c.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin38 39. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin2. Mn hnh Stop ErrorLc xy ra Stop Error h iu hnh s dng ton b tin trnh x l v tin hnh chnon li. Thng tin chn on li s hin th di dng vn bn, ch trng trn nn xanh, nidung thng tin bn phn chnh cho bit mt s u mi dn dt n nguyn nhn sinh li.Hnh 21 a) Khuyn co cng vic ca ngi dng: cung cp tn tng trng ca stop error vthng tin gi cho ngi s dng d li khc phc s c. Trong m t hnh 21, tn tngtrng ca li l DRIVER_IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUAL. Phn khuyn co ngi dngch l khuyn co chung tham kho cc bc x l cho mi li pht sinh BSOD. Cngon khi ng li h thng (reboot) lun l cch thc u tin v tt nht thot khi mnhnh xanh. b) Thng tin k thut: xut thng tin li di dng m s vi nh dng h thp lc phn(hexadecimal), y l nhng tham s cn thit dng xc nh li t ti liu ca Microsoft. c) Thng tin driver: xc nh driver lin quan n stop error, t c th suy ra li cadriver hay thit b phn cng d dng. d) Thng tin trng thi cng g li v qu trnh ni dung trong b nh h thng xungHDD, c th thng tin s cho bit tin trnh to dump files.Ch : mc nh Windows s t khi ng li khi c hin thng stop error, do rtkh xem c thng tin trn mn hnh stop error. Mun loi b tnh nng ny cn thay ithit lp trong My Computer Properties Advanced v bn di phn "Startup andRecovery" nhn vo "Settings". Ca s mi s xut hin v di phn "System Failure", bchn "Automatically restart".VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin39 40. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin3. Cu hnh Dump Files Dump files l cc file c to ra sau mi ln stop error, cc file ny lu gi thng tin linquan n nguyn nhn gy ra stop error. Windows cho php cu hnh cc dump files theo bakiu khc nhau: Small memory dump files: i khi cn c hiu nh mini dump files, file ny lugi thng tin t nht v stop error, c ghi nhanh chng vo a cng vi mc chcho php h iu hnh sm khi ng li. Kernel memory dump files: ghi ni dung trong nhn ca b nh ti thi im xy rastop error nn cha nhiu thng tin hn, tuy nhin Kernel memory dump files c dunglng ln hn v thi gian to file cng lu hn. Complete memory dump files: ghi ton b ni dung c trong b nh vt l khi xy rastop error. Dung lng ca Complete memory dump files ny tng ng vi dunglng b nh vt l ci t trong my tnh. Tnh nng ny khng hot ng vi nhngmy tnh c dung lng Ram ln hn 2GB. cu hnh dump files chn My computer Propeties Advanced Setting ca phnStartup and Recovery. Sau la chn kiu dump file trong phn write debugginginformation.4. Phn tch dump files Thng tin trong cc dump files c to ra sau mi ln stop error khng th c cbnh thng m phi dng cng c Debugging Tools for Windows (download ti:http://microsoft.com/whdc/devtools/debugging/installx86.mspx). Sau khi ci t, chy cng c Debugging Tools bng cch vo Start ProgramsDeburring Tools for Windows Windbg, chn File Symbol file path, sau nhp vodng text: SRV*c:websymbols*http://msdl.microsoft.com/download/symbols vo mcSymbol path ca hp thoi Symbol path search.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin40 41. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Phn tch dump files bng cch chn File Open Crash Dump, tm ti ng dn:windowsminidump v chn file cn phn tch. Thng tin trong dump files s c hin th trong hp thoi Bugcheck Analysis sau khihon tt qu trnh phn tch, textbox pha di, bn phi ca ch "kd>", hy g "!analyze -v" s nhn c thng tin chi tit hn v nguyn nhn gy ra li.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin41 42. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin5. X l s c Stop ErrorLi Stop Error xut hin do rt nhiu nguyn nhn khc nhau, do vic xc nh nguynnhn cn c thi gian v nn thc hin tng bc mt, theo cch thc loi suy tm ranguyn nhn pht sinh li.a) Bc th nht: kim tra xem c thit b phn cng no va c gn vo hay khng?nu c hy tho b n ra, ng thi cng nn tin hnh v sinh v lp li phn cng mytnh. Sau khi ng li my tnh, nu vn xut hin li Stop Error thc hin bc th hai.b) Bc th hai: Khi ng my tnh vi ch Safe Mode ca Windows (bng cch nhnF8 ri chn Safe Mode khi menu boot xut hin). Ti y s c hai trng hp xy ra: Trng hp 1: Windows khi ng d dng vi ch Safe Mode, iu ny c ngha l h iu hnh Windows vn hot ng tt, li pht sinh Stop Error c th do virus, driver hoc phn mm ng dng no . Tin hnh qut virus ton b HDD, Roll back driver, dng cc phn mm dn rc a cng v Registry, uninstall phn mm c th khc phc li hoc phn tch dump files xc nh nguyn nhn gy li. Trng hp 2: Windows khng hot ng vi ch Safe Mode, iu ny c ngha l bn thn h iu hnh khng th hot ng c, nguyn nhn c th do h iu hnh b h hng nng hoc a cng c li. Dng cc phn mm tin ch kim tra a cng v repair Windows.c) Bc th ba: sau khi thc hin hai bc trn nhng vn khng khc phc li StopError, thc hin tip bc th ba d li. Kim tra nhit ca CPU. Thng thng nhit CPU t 500C n 650C, nu nhit CPU cao qu nn xem li qut v b tn nhit CPU. Kim tra hoc thay th th b nh h thng v card mn hnh. Kim tra in p cung cp ca b ngun. Cp nht BIOS ca Mainboard. Ghi li y thng tin trn mn hnh thng bo li v tm kim hng dn khc phc li trong trang web www.microsoft.comCh : Cc thanh ram khng ng b cng gn trong mt my tnh cng l mt nguynnhn sinh ra Stop Error. S dng file nh ghost khng cng cu hnh phn cng my tnh s sinh Stop Errorngay khi khi ng Windows. Stop Error cng c th pht sinh do li trong qu trnh ci t WindowsVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin42 43. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin PH LCCommom POST Error Message128K NOT OK, PARITY DISABLEDThe first 128K of your RAM has failed the POST. First, reboot. If the error is still there,you likely have a problem with your RAM. Try switching banks of memory. Move yoursecond bank to your first bank, and vice versa. If you really want to fix the problem,replace the SIMM that is located in SIMM slot 1.8042 GATE-A20 ERRORUsually caused by a bad keyboard. Try a different one.8087 NMI AT XXXX.XXXX. TYPE (S)HUT OFF NMI, (R)EBOOT, OTHER KEYSTO CONTINUEYour math coprocessor has generated a Non-maskable interrupt. Have your mathcoprocessor tested. If it has failed, replace it.ACCESS DENIEDYour have tried to perform a write function to a read-only file. If using a floppy, makesure the disk is not write-protected. If you really want to delete the file, you can change itbe a regular file, then delete it. In Windows 95, right click the file, choose Properties, thenun-check the "Read-Only" box. In DOS, use the ATTRIB command.ALLOCATION ERROR, SIZE ADJUSTEDCHKDSK is telling you that the physical size and the allocated size of a file do not match.It is not a big deal, but if this error is gotten often, backup your hard drive, because this issign of a coming failure.ATTEMPTED WRITE-PROTECT VIOLATIONYou tried to format a write-protected floppy diskette.BAD DMA PORT = XXYour DMA controller chip on the motherboard has failed the POST. You will likely haveto replace your motherboard.BAD OR MISSING COMMAND INTERPRETERMore than likely, you are trying to boot from a disk that is missing COMMAND.COM. Ifthis is a hard disk, replace this file into the root directory.BAD PARTITION TABLETry reperforming FDISK on this drive. After this, if you still get this error, try low-levelformatting the drive. Another possibility is that you have picked up a computer viruswhich has damaged the partition table. Try running anti-virus software.BUS TIMEOUT NMI AT SLOT XThere is a error with your EISA bus. Make sure the card in slot X is configured correctly.If this doesnt do it, call the manufacturer of the card. If all else fails, there is a possibilityof a faulty motherboard.C: DRIVE ERRORYour C: drive is not properly configured in the CMOS. Run setup and reconfigure.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin43 44. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinC: DRIVE FAILUREThis is a time out message saying the computer has gotten no response from the harddrive. There is a possibility your hard drive has crashed, but first check to be sure thedrive is receiving power from the power supply and that the data cable is attachedcorrectly.CACHE MEMORY BAD, DO NOT ENABLE CACHE!The cache memory chips on your motherboard are malfunctioning. Locate and reseatthem. You may have to replace the cache.CH-2 TIMER ERRORThe timer chip on your motherboard is not working. Replace the motherboard.CMOS BATTERY STATE LOWReplace the CMOS battery.CMOS CHECKSUM FAILUREThe checksum error correcting has detected corruption in your CMOS data. Replace yourCMOS battery and re-run setup. If the problem persists, the CMOs chip is probably bad,and youll have to replace the motherboard.CMOS DISPLAY TYPE MISMATCHYour CMOs says you have a monochrome video card installed. Correct this informationin setup.COM PORT DOES NOT EXISTYou are trying to use a COM port that does not exist. Run a diagnostic utility and see ifthe computer recognizes the COM port you are trying to use.DATA ERROR READING DRIVE X:Usually caused by the slow misalignment of disk drives over time. Use a disk fixingutility to realign the disks data.DISK BADA rather general error meaning some thing related to your hard drive is not workinganymore. First, check to be sure all of your data cables are attached correctly. Listen andsee if the hard drive platters are spinning. If necessary, unplug the drive and then re-plug itin in order to better differentiate the drives sound from the rest of the system. If it is notspinning, try another power supply lead. If that doesnt help, your hard drive is probablyshot.DISK BOOT ERROR, REPLACE AND STRIKE ANY KEY WHEN READYYou are trying to boot of a disk that is not bootable. Make sure it is a valid system disk.DISK CONFIGURATION ERRORUsually caused by trying to use a newer technology drive on a system that is too old. YourBIOS does not recognize the code in the CMOS for this newer drive. This problem can befixed by updating your BIOS, in most cases.DISK DRIVE 0 SEEK FAILUREDrive 0 and 1 refer to your a: and b: drive. Most often, if you get this error it is becauseyour BIOS is looking for a drive that is not there. Check your setup and be sure that onlythe floppy drives located on your machine are activated.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin44 45. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinDISK DRIVE RESET FAILEDThe disk drive controller cannot reset. Trying turning the system off and back on again. Ifthis doesnt fix anything, youll probably have to replace the drive controller.DISK BOOT FAILUREMost likely, the boot disk in the A: drive is bad. Try another one.DISK READ FAILUREMany potential problems. Try another disk. Make sure the cables are correctly attached tothe drive. If all this is ruled out, your floppy drive is probably bad.DISPLAY SWITCH NOT SET PROPERLYSome older 286-486 computers have a jumper on the motherboard that controlsmonochrome vs. color. Check to be sure that it is set correctly.DMA ERRORYour DMA chip has failed. Youll have to replace the motherboard.DRIVE NOT READYIf this is a floppy drive, make sure the disk is inserted all the way. Try another disk. Makesure the floppy drive cable is not damaged. If this doesnt pinpoint the problem, youllhave to replace the floppy drive. You may have a bad sensor, so it cant sense a diskinside it.EXPANSION BOARD NMI AT SLOT XThe board in slot X has produced a nonmaskable interupt error. Remove the card andinspect it for damage. Consult its manual or the manufacturer.FAIL SAFE TIMER NMIAn EISA device has gone awry. It is taking up the entire bus. Try rebooting. If thisdoesnt help, try to narrow down which expansion card is producing the error byremoving them one by one and rebooting. If none of the cards seem to be suspect, theproblem may lie with the motherboard itself.FDD CONTROLLER FAILUREThis often means your floppy drive controller has failed, or possibly the drive itself. Ifusing an I/O card, make sure it is still seated fully in the bus. Check all cables. If theobvious is ruled out, buy a new controller.FILE ALLOCATION TABLE BADThere is a problem with the FAT. Try running a disk repair utility.FIXED DISK CONFIGURATION ERROR, CONTROLLER FAILURESee Hard Disk Configuration Error.ATE A20 FAILUREThe computer has had to switch into protected mode in order to count its memory. First,try another keyboard. A bad keyboard cam cause the controller to send misc. signalsacrossthe address line 20. If this doesnt help, then youll have to replace the motherboard.GENERAL FAILURE READING DRIVE X:VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin45 46. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinFirst, press I for ignore, then use a diagnostic utility to test the disk. If this doesnt help,press A for abort, then inspect all cables related to the drive producing the error. If it afloppy, try another diskette.HARD DISK FAILURESee C: DRIVE FAILURE above.HARD DISK READ FAILURE - STRIKE F1 TO RETRY BOOTFirst, check the hard drive cables. f this isnt the problem, press F1 and see if it reboots. Ifit does, run a diagnostic on the drive. If it doesnt reboot, boot the system off a systemdisk then switch to C:. If you get an Invalid Drive message, then the computer is gettingno signal from the drive. Make sure the drive is properly set up in CMOS. Try rebootingagain. If all else fails, try reformatting the drive. If this doesnt help, your drive orcontroller is crashed.INFINITE RETRY ON PARALLEL PRINTER TIMEOUT, PRINTER DEVICEFAILUREMakes sure your printer is turned on and on-line. If you have a device between the printerand the computer, such as a ZIP drive, make sure it is turned on, too.INSUFFICIENT MEMORYYour software is trying to use more memory than is physically installed in your system.Try adding more memory, or running a memory management program. See if you haveany unnecessary programs running. Check your start up folder to see what starts on bootup.INTERNAL CACHE TEST FAILEDReboot and try again. If this doesnt help, your CPU cache is probably dead. Youll need anew processor.INTR1 ERRORReplace your motherboard. The interrupt controller is fried.INVALID BOOT DISKETTETry another valid system disk.KEYBOARD BADYour keyboard has failed the post. Make sure it is connected. If it is, replace the keyboard.KEYBOARD CLOCK LINE FAILURE, STUCK KEY FAILUREThe keyboard is not responding to the controllers POST tests. Either the keyboard is badof its cable is bad. Makes sure there are no stuck keys.KEYBOARD ERRORYour keyboard may be incompatible with the AMIBIOS in your system. You can try toget around this by setting the keyboard to "Not Installed" in setup in order to skip thekeyboard POST.MEMORY ADDRESS LINE FAILURE AT XXX:XXX, Impossible to fix. Replace the motherboard.MEMORY PARITY ERROR AT XXXXOne of your memory chips is bad. Locate and replace.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 46 47. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinNO BOOT DEVICE AVAILABLEYour system cant find anything to boot off of. It displays this error after searching for aDrive A: and a C: and finding nothing. Make sure your drive cables are in place. Makesure you have a valid system disk in Drive A:. If there is not supposed to be a disk inDrive A:, then the problem lies with your hard drive. Try hitting F1 to reboot. Then run adisk diagnostic utility. It is possible your boot segment is damaged or out of alignment.NON-DOS DISK ERROR READING(WRITING) DRIVE X:The computer cant find a boot track on the disk. Boot off a floppy then use SYS torecopy the system files over.NON SYSTEM DISK OR DISK ERRORYou are trying to boot of a non-system disk. If it a floppy disk, then try another one, orsimply remove the one you forgot to remove. If it a hard drive, youll have to boot off afloppy then use SYS to recopy system files to the hard drive.NO TIMER TICK INTERRUPTYour timer chip cant get the interrupt controller to designate interrupt 0. Yourmotherboard will have to be replaced.NOT READY READING DRIVE X:Usually, the cause of this is that the drive door of your diskette drive is not closed all theway. If it is, then you may have a bad sensor in your disk drive.POINTER DEVICE FAILUREThere is a problem with your pointer device attached to your PS/2 mouse port. Make sureit is properly connected to the computer. Try another device.PROCESSING CANNOT CONTINUEHappens when you run a DOS utility without enough memory. Add more RAM.RAM BADPretty self explanatory. Usually, one or more of your RAM chips is bad. Its best to bringyour system on just the RAM to a shop and have them test for the bad chip. If no memoryis bad, the problem could lie with your motherboard.REAL TIME CLOCK FAILURERun setup again and reset the time. If the problem persists, try replacing the battery. If thatdoesnt do it, replace the power supply.RESUME=F1 KEYSome type or error has occurred, but hitting F1 allows you to continue.XX=SCANCODE, CHECK KEYBOARDThe computer received a strand signal from the keyboard. It may be caused by a badconnector a maybe even a stuck key. Either fix the stuck key or try another keyboard.TARGET DISK IS WRITE PROTECTEDOften seen when trying to do a DISKCOPY to a write protected floppy disk. If the disk isnot write protected, then that part of your floppy drive that senses write protection may bebroken. Best bet is to buy another diskette drive.TRACK 0 BAD - DISK UNUSABLEVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin47 48. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinThis error may be seen if trying to format a larger disk in a lower capacity floppy drive. Itcould also mean your disk is bad, in which case you just try another. If this is your harddrive, then youll likely have to replace the hard drive.UNLOCK SYSTEM UNIT KEYLOCKYou have locked the keyboard out by locking the keylock on the front of your computer.Unlock it then reboot.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin48 49. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Common Stop MessagesStop 0xA or IRQL_NOT_LESS_OR_EQUALThe Stop 0xA message indicates that a driver or the kernel attempted to access a memorylocation to which it did not have permission, or at a kernel interrupt request level (IRQL)that was too high. The kernel represents an IRQL as a number from 0 to 31, with highernumbers representing higher-priority interrupts. Normal thread execution is at the lowestpriority: IRQL-0. This Stop error is typically caused by faulty or incompatible hardware orsoftware.Interpreting the Stop 0xA MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.1.Table 10.1 Parameters for the Stop 0xA MessageParameter DescriptionParameter 1 Memory address that was improperly referencedParameter 2 IRQL that was required to access the memoryParameter 3 Type of access:0x00000000 = read operation0x00000001 = write operationParameter 4 Address of the instruction that attempted toreference memory specified in parameter 1If the last parameter is within the address range of a device driver used on your system,you can determine which device driver was running when the memory access occurred.You can typically determine the driver name by reading the line that begins with:**Address 0xZZZZZZZZ has base at - If the third parameter is the same as the first parameter, a special condition exists in whicha system worker routine, carried out by a worker thread to handle background tasks knownas work items, returned at a higher IRQL. In that case, some of the four parameters take onnew meanings, as shown in Table 10.2.Table 10.2 Special Parameters for the 0xA MessageParameter DescriptionParameter 1 Address of the worker routineParameter 2 Kernel IRQLParameter 3 Address of the worker routineParameter 4 Address of the work itemTroubleshooting the Stop 0xA ErrorFirst, use the Event Viewer to review the System log for error events that identify theproblem. The following sections list the most common sources for this Stop error andsuggest some troubleshooting solutions.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 49 50. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinDevice driver issuesA Stop 0xA message might occur after you install a faulty or outdated device driver,system service, or firmware. If a Stop message lists a driver by name, and that driver hasbeen recently replaced, use Device Manager to roll back the driver to correct the problem.If the device is not critical to the functionality of the system (for example, the CD-ROMdriver), you can also uninstall or disable the driver.Hardware issuesA Stop 0xA message might also be caused by failing or defective hardware. If a Stopmessage points to a category of devices (video or disk controller adapters, for example),try removing or replacing the hardware to determine if it is causing the problem.Software compatibility issuesIf you encounter a Stop 0xA message while upgrading to Windows Server 2003, theproblem might be caused by an incompatible driver, system service, virus scanner, orbackup. To avoid problems while upgrading, simplify your hardware configuration andremove all third-party device drivers and system services (including virus scanners) priorto running Setup. After you have successfully installed Windows Server 2003, contact thehardware manufacturer to obtain compatible updates.Stop 0x1E or KMODE_EXCEPTION_NOT_HANDLEDThe Stop 0x1E message indicates that the Windows Server 2003 kernel detected an illegalor unknown processor instruction. The problems that cause Stop 0x1E messages sharesimilarities with those that generate Stop 0xA errors, in that they can be caused by invalidmemory and access violations. The default Windows Server 2003 error handler typicallyintercepts these problems if error-handling routines are not present in the code itself.Interpreting the Stop 0x1E MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.3.Table 10.3 Parameters for the Stop 0x1E MessageParameterDescriptionParameter 1Exception code that was not handledParameter 2Address at which the exception occurredParameter 3Parameter 0 of the exceptionParameter 4Parameter 1 of the exceptionThe first parameter identifies the exception generated. Common exception codes are listedin Table 10.4.Table 10.4 Common Exception Codes for Parameter 1 Exception CodeDescription 0x80000002: An unaligned data reference was STATUS_DATATYPE_encountered. The trap frame supplies MISALIGNMENTadditional information. Generally, Stop errors with this exception code are resolved by replacing the driver named in the Stop message.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 50 51. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin 0x80000003: A breakpoint or ASSERT was STATUS_BREAKPOINT encountered when no kernel debugger was attached to the system. This generally occurs when a debug version of a driver is used. If you are not intentionally using a debug version of a driver, replace the driver with the free version. 0xC0000005: A memory access violation occurred. STATUS_ACCESS_VIO Parameter 4 of the Stop message LATION(which is parameter 1 of the exception) is the address that the driver attempted to access. When the Stop message indicates this exception code, the driver identified as the cause of the Stop error might be faulty. You should take additional steps to identify the faulty driver.For a complete list of exception codes, see the Ntstatus.h file located in the Inc directoryof the Windows Driver Development Kit (DDK). For more information about the DDK,see the Driver Development Kits link on the Web Resources page athttp://www.microsoft.com/windows/reskits/webresources.The second parameter identifies the address of the module in which the error occurred.Frequently, the address points to an individual driver or faulty hardware pointed to by thethird parameter of the Stop message. Make a note of this address and the link date of thedriver or image that contains it.The last two Stop message parameters vary, depending on the exception that has occurred.You can typically find a description of the parameters that are included in the Ntstatus.hfile. If the error number has no parameters, the last two parameters of the Stop messageare listed as 0x00000000.Troubleshooting the Stop 0x1E ErrorFirst, use the Event Viewer to review the System log for error events that identify theproblem. The following sections list the most common sources for this Stop error andsuggest some troubleshooting solutions.Driver, service, or hardware issuesStop 0x1E messages typically occur after faulty drivers or system services have beeninstalled, or they can indicate hardware problems such as memory and IRQ conflicts. If aStop message lists a driver by name, and that driver has been recently updated, use DeviceManager to roll back or update the driver to correct the problem. If the device is notcritical to the functionality of the system (for example, the keyboard driver), you can alsouninstall or disable the driver.Incompatible remote control programsIf the Stop message mentions the file Win32k.sys, the source of the error might be anincompatible third-party remote control program. Win32k.sys is a kernel component thatperforms graphics functions involving the user interface. If such software is installed, youmight be able to disable it by starting the system in Safe Mode. If not, use RecoveryConsole to manually disable the system service file that is causing the problem. IfVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 51 52. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinremoving the remote control software solves the problem, contact the manufacturer toobtain a Windows Server 2003compatible update.Kernel memory leaksYou can use Poolmon (Poolmon.exe) to isolate the Windows Server 2003 components thatare causing kernel memory leaks. The problem might be a memory leak caused by anapplication or service that is not releasing memory correctly. Although memory leakscannot directly cause Stop errors, they can cause problems with drivers that can result in aStop error. Poolmon helps you to isolate the components that cause kernel memory leaks.Firmware incompatibilityProblems can result from system firmware incompatibilities. Using outdated firmwaremight cause several problems, including issues with installing Windows Server 2003.Many Advanced Configuration and Power Interface (ACPI) issues can be resolved byupdating to the latest firmware. Check the computer or motherboard manufacturers Website for updated system firmware.Stop 0x24 or NTFS_FILE_SYSTEMThe Stop 0x24 message indicates that a problem occurred within Ntfs.sys, the driver filethat allows the system to read and write to NTFS file system drives. A similar Stopmessage, 0x23, exists for the file allocation table (FAT32) file systems.Interpreting the Stop 0x24 MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.5.Table 10.5 Parameters for the Stop 0x24 MessageParameterDescriptionParameter 1Source file and line number.Parameter 2A nonzero value that contains the address of the exception record (optional).Parameter 3A nonzero value that contains the address of the context record (optional).Parameter 4This parameter is reserved (set aside for future use).Parameters for this Stop message are useful only to Microsoft technical support personnelwho have access to Windows Server 2003 source code. Stop errors caused by file systemissues have the source file and the line number within the source file that generated theerror encoded in their first parameter. The first four hexadecimal digits (also known as thehigh 16 bits) after the 0x identify the source file number, and the last four hexadecimaldigits (the low 16 bits) identify the source line in the file where the error occurred.Troubleshooting the Stop 0x24 ErrorThe following sections list the most common sources for this Stop error and suggest sometroubleshooting solutions.Hard disk issuesFile system corruption in the form of bad sectors on the hard disk can cause Stop 0x24errors. Malfunctioning disk hardware or disk drivers can also adversely affect the systemsability to read and write to disk, causing errors. Check for cabling and terminationVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 52 53. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vinproblems between the controller and the disks. Remove and replace disk controller cardsto ensure all connections are solid.To test hard disk or volume integrityMethod 1: 1. In the Run dialog box, type: cmd 2. At the command prompt, type: chkdsk drive: /fMethod 2: 1. In Windows Explorer, select the hard disk you want to check. 2. On the File menu, click Properties, and then click the Tools tab. 3. In the Error-checking box, click Check Now. 4. Under Check disk options, select the Scan for and attempt recovery of bad sectors check box. You can also select the Automatically fix file system errors check box.If the volume you are checking is in use, a message asks whether you want to delay diskerror checking until the next time you restart your computer. When you restart, disk errorchecking runs and the volume chosen is not available to run other tasks during thisprocess. If you cannot restart the computer in normal mode because of the error, use SafeMode or Recovery Console. Caution Do not use tools meant for other operating systems on Windows Server 2003 partitions, or you might lose file information.System and application problemsPeriodically check Event Viewer for error messages related to small computer systeminterface (SCSI) or FASTFAT in the System log or Autochk in the Application log. Verifythat services or other software that runs in the background such as virus scanners,backup programs, or disk defragmenters are compatible with Windows Server 2003.Some disks and adapters come packaged with diagnostic software that you can use to runhardware tests. For more information about diagnostic tools usage and compatibility, seethe owners manual for your computer, hard disk, or controller.Stop 0x2E or DATA_BUS_ERRORThe Stop 0x2E message indicates a system memory parity error. The cause is typicallyfailed or defective RAM (including memory on the motherboard, Level 2 cache, or videoadapter), incompatible or mismatched memory hardware, or a device driver attempting toaccess an address in the 0x8xxxxxxx range that does not exist (that is, it does not map to aphysical address). A Stop 0x2E message can also indicate hard disk damage caused by avirus or other problems.Interpreting the Stop 0x2E MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.6.Table 10.6 Parameters for the Stop 0x2E MessageParameterDescriptionParameter 1Virtual address that caused the faultVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin53 54. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnhTi liu dnh cho hc vin Parameter 2Physical address that caused the fault Parameter 3Processor status register Parameter 4Faulting instruction registerTroubleshooting the Stop 0x2E ErrorThe following sections list the most common sources for this Stop error and suggest sometroubleshooting solutions.Memory hardware issuesStop 0x2E is typically caused by defective, malfunctioning, or failed memory hardware,such as memory modules, Level 2 (L2) cache memory, or video adapter RAM. If youadded new hardware recently, remove and replace it to determine if it is causing orcontributing to the problem. Run diagnostics software supplied by the systemmanufacturer to determine if the component has failed.Driver and service issuesStop 0x2E messages can also occur after you install faulty drivers or system services. If afile name is given, you can disable, remove, or roll back that driver. Disable the service orapplication and confirm that this resolves the error. If it does, contact the hardwaremanufacturer about a possible update. Using updated software is especially important forbackup programs, multimedia applications, antivirus scanners, and CD/DVD masteringtools.Hard disk issuesHard disk corruption can also cause this Stop error. For more information about checkinghard disk integrity, see the suggestions provided in Stop 0x00000024 orNTFS_FILE_SYSTEM earlier in this chapter.Motherboard issuesThe problem might also be caused by cracks, scratched traces, or defective components onthe motherboard. If all else fails, take the system motherboard to a repair facility fordiagnostic testing.Stop 0x31 or PHASE0_INITIALIZATION_FAILEDThe Stop 0x31 message indicates that system startup failed during Phase 0 of theExecutive initialization. During Phase 0, interrupts are disabled and the HAL is initialized.Several Executive components are started: the memory manager, object manager, securityreference monitor, process manager, and the Plug and Play manager. This error indicates afailure of one of those components. Note This Stop message includes no parameters.Troubleshooting the Stop 0x31 ErrorA Stop error during Phase 0 initialization might indicate a problem with outdatedfirmware, corrupted kernel or HAL files, or faulty hardware. The most likely cause is anewly installed or upgraded hardware component. Systems configured to automaticallyrestart after a Stop error tend to experience this error repeatedly until an administratorintervenes. To troubleshoot the Stop error, run the hardware diagnostics program includedVSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin54 55. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vinwith your devices or replace them with new parts. If system files have recently beenreplaced, restoring those system files might prevent the failure. Also, verify that yourmotherboard firmware and peripheral firmware versions are current.If you cannot isolate any specific hardware problems, try running Windows Server 2003Setup again. If the same error message appears, record the information in the Stopmessage and contact a Microsoft support technician.Stop 0x32 or PHASE1_INITIALIZATION_FAILEDThe Stop 0x32 message indicates that system startup failed during Phase 1 of theExecutive initialization. During Phase 1, interrupts are enabled, device drivers areinitialized, and those Executive components that were not initialized during Phase 0 areinitialized. Executive components initialized in Phase 1 include the power manager andthe I/O manager. The progress bar on the startup screen advances during this phase toprovide a visual representation of this part of the boot process. This error indicates afailure of one of those components.Interpreting the Stop 0x32 MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.7.Table 10.7 Parameters for the Stop 0x32 MessageParameterDescriptionParameter 1The NT status code that describes why the system initialization failed.Parameter 2This parameter is reserved (set aside for future use).Parameter 3This parameter is reserved (set aside for future use).Parameter 4This parameter is reserved (set aside for future use).Troubleshooting the 0x32 Stop ErrorA Stop error during Phase 1 initialization might indicate a problem with outdatedfirmware, corrupted system files, corrupted or outdated device drivers, an incompatibleHAL type, or a hardware failure. Verify that your motherboard and peripheral firmwareversions are current. As a last resort, you might be able to resolve the problem byreinstalling Windows Server 2003, which will replace faulty system files and drivers. Ifyou get the same message, record the information in the Stop message and contact aMicrosoft support technician.Stop 0x3F or NO_MORE_SYSTEM_PTESThe Stop 0x3F message indicates one or more of the following problems: The system Page Table Entries (PTEs) are fragmented because the system performed a large number of input/output (I/O) actions and a driver has requested a block of memory that is too large to fit in any of the available contiguous blocks of memory. PTEs map virtual memory to physical locations. A faulty device driver is not managing memory properly. An application, such as a backup program, is improperly allocating large amounts of kernel memory.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 55 56. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Note This Stop error should never occur on 64-bit systems, because the 64-bit architecture essentially removes PTE limitations experienced on 32-bit systems.Interpreting the 0x3F Stop MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Table 10.8. The value of the firstparameter depends on the configuration of your system.Table 10.8 Parameters for the Stop 0x3F MessageParameterDescriptionParameter 1 PTE type: 0x00000000 = system expansion 0x00000001 = nonpaged pool expansionParameter 2Requested sizeParameter 3Total free system PTEsParameter 4Total system PTEsTroubleshooting the Stop 0x3F ErrorThe following sections list the most common sources for this Stop error and suggest sometroubleshooting solutions.Driver and service issuesStop 0x3F messages can occur after installing faulty drivers or system services. If a filename is given, you need to disable, remove, or roll back that driver. Disable the service orapplication and confirm that this resolves the error. If it does, contact the hardwaremanufacturer about a possible update. Using updated software is especially important forbackup programs, multimedia applications, antivirus scanners, and CD/DVD masteringtools.Insufficient memoryThe system might not actually be out of PTEs, but a contiguous memory block ofsufficient size might not be available to satisfy a driver or application request. Check forthe availability of updated driver or application files, and consult the hardware or programdocumentation for minimum system requirements.Excessive demands for system PTEsAnother cause is excessive demands for system PTE by applications. MicrosoftWindows 2000 Server and Windows Server 2003 include a registry entry that you canmodify to increase the number of PTEs allocated. PTE limitations should cause problemsonly on 32-bit systems.VSIC Education Corporation Tc gi: Hunh L Bo Thin 56 57. Bo tr v khc phc s c phn cng my tnh Ti liu dnh cho hc vin Caution Do not edit the registry unless you have no alternative. The registry editor bypasses standard safeguards, allowing settings that can damage your system, or even require you to reinstall Windows. If you must edit the registry, back it up first and see Registry Reference on the Microsoft Windows Server 2003 Deployment Kit companion CD or at http://www.microsoft.com/reskit.To increase the number of PTEs allocated on 32-bit systems 1) In the Run dialog box, type: regedit 2) In the registry editor, navigate to the SystemPages entry in HKEY_LOCAL_MACHINESYSTEMCurrentControlSetControlSession ManagerMemory Management. 3) View the values for the PagedPoolSize and SystemPages entries. If the value of the PagedPoolSize entry is not zero, double-click PagedPoolSize and change the value in the Value data box to 0. If the value of the SystemPages entry is not zero, double-click SystemPages and increase the value in the Value data box to a higher number than what appears. Setting this value to 0xFFFFFFF causes Windows Server 2003 to automatically configure the maximum number of PTEs possible, which reduces the space available for the file system cache. The default value is 0. 4) Click OK, and then close the registry editor. 5) Restart your computer. 6) If this procedure does not solve the problem on the first try, repeat the procedure and increase the value for the SystemPages entry.Other suggestionsUse the Driver Verifier to identify the faulty driver. For more information aboutidentifying the driver causing the problem, search for Bug Check 0x3F in DebuggingTools for Windows Help. To download Debugging Tools for Windows, go to theDebugging Tools link on the Web Resources page athttp://www.microsoft.com/windows/reskits/webresources. A related Stop message,0x000000D8: DRIVER_USED_EXCESSIVE_PTES, is described later in this chapter.Stop 0x50 or PAGE_FAULT_IN_NONPAGED_AREAThe Stop 0x50 message indicates that requested data was not in memory. The systemgenerates an exception error when using a reference to an invalid system memory address.Defective memory (including main memory, L2 cache memory, and video RAM) orincompatible software (including remote control and antivirus software) might cause Stop0x50 messages.Interpreting the Stop 0x50 MessageThis Stop message has four parameters, as listed in Tabl