Taranul Roman - Iunie 2011

8/6/2019 Taranul Roman - Iunie 2011

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Infiintarea unei Persoane Fizice Autorizate PFACultura vitei de vie in FrantaRecomandari pentru cresterea ovinelorCacao, un cadou din MexicAvantajele si dezavantajele agriculturii ecologice


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ranul Roman - Mai 2011

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CUPRINS:Editorial: Romnia n iunie 2011 pag. 3/4Idei de afaceri: Cultivarea ciupercilor pag. 5Legislaie romneasc pag. 6Fiscalitate: Normele de venit pentru activiti agricolepentru anul 2011 pag. 7Consultan juridic: nfiinarea unei Persoane FiziceAutorizate PFA pag. 8Finanri europene: Msura 112 Instalarea tinerilorfermieri pag. 9Finanri europene: Msura 141 - Sprijinirea fermeloragricole de semi-subzisten pag. 10tiri agricole: Cultura viei de vie n Frana pag. 11Sfatul medicului veterinar: Recomandri pentru cretereaovinelor pag. 15Sfatul medicului veterinar: Ectoparazitozele albinelor

pag. 20Plantele medicinalei sntatea: Cacao, un cadou din

Mexic pag. 22Agricultura ecologic: Avantajelei dezavantajeleagriculturii ecologice pag. 26

Buctrie romneasc: Crema de ciuperci, Ostropel de pui... pag. 28

Obiceiurii tradiii: esutul ca meteug tradiional pag.29

Turism: Munii Raru-Giumalu pag. 31Amenajarea grdinilor pag. 32Pagina de istorie: Secolul XVII ... ... pag. 35

Realizatorii revistei:Manole Silviu Redactoref;Hulea Mornea Elena-Lcrmioara;OiSimona;Raicu Marius;Felecan Valerica;Manole Benieamin;Felecan Sorina;Voevod Mihai;Angelica MonserratSbarciog Alina;Daniela Grigoriu;Olaru Ana-Maria;Gabriela Vasilescu;

Voluntar pentru o cauz nobil . Vino n echipa noastr format din specialiti n

cele mai variate domenii, dedicati satului romnesc.Institutul Naional de Asistenpentru Ceteni caut voluntari pentru realizarea revistei online ranul Romn,pe urmtoarele domenii:Persoanele interesate sunt rugate s i trimit articolele i

un mini CV la adresa de mail [email protected]

Activitatea de jurnalism: 2.1 Jurnalism : redactarea de articole pentru revista ranulRoman pe urmatoarele domenii:2.1.1 editorial;2.1.2 interviul lunii;2.1.3 popularizareaactivitii SCDR-INAC;a. Politic :

2.1.4 popularizareaagriculturiiromneti.b. Economie: 2.1.5 idei deafaceri;2.1.6 informaiiprivind sprijinireaagricultorilor norganizarea peplan local;2.1.7 legislaie

romneasc;2.1.8 legislatieeuropeana;2.1.9 fiscalitate(taxei impozite);2.1.10 consultanjuridic;2.1.11 consultancontabil;2.1.12 finanri europene;c. Agricultur : 2.1.13 tiri cu caracter agricol;2.1.14 sfaturi practice n activitatea agricol pe domenii:cereale,legume,fructe,creterea animalelor,plante energetice,medicin veterinar, floricultur,medicin naturist,2.1.15 agricultur ecologic;2.1.16 articole privind alte domenii ale agriculturii;d. Timp liber: 2.1.17 poveti din satul romnesc;2.1.18 reete de buctrie;2.1.19 obiceiurii tradiii;2.1.20 turism;2.1.21 pagina cititorul


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Mun ii Rar u-Giumal uOmul de azi simte din ce n ce mai tainici st ruitor chemarea tulbur toare a frumuseilor naturii, a pduriii a poieni-

lor, a lumii de piatr a Carpailor, a apelor cristalinei a aerului curat, a linitii adnci din snul naturii.C. Kiriescu scria: Omul modern trebuie re-mplntat n natur , ca s -i poat desf ura n libertate puterile sale corpo

rale, intelectualei morale, n nzuina spre ct mai bine, ct mai mult, ct mai frumos.Munii Rar u-Giumalu domin ca o diadem de stncii plaiuri superbe n

cutezana formelor, armonia de culorii forme a Obcinilor Bucovinei nvluite nmantia pdurilor de coniferei de parfumul r inilor, fiind unii dintre cei mai atr g -tori, pitoreti i vizitai muni ai Bucovinei, alturi de cupola Climanuluii de creastaalpin mprejmuit de abisuri nevzute, forme haoticei ntunecate ale PietrosuluiBitriei.

Ca o imens i impresionant catedral gotic a naturii, Pietrele Doamnei seprofileaz pe cerul senin al Bucovinei, reflectat din celebrul albastru de Vorone, dreptunul dintre cele mai tipice peisajei totodat fotogenice din Carpaii Romniei.Pietrele Doamnei, acest mndru templu al Carpailor notri, ne duc n lumea zrilor ciclopice. O excursie n munii Rar u-Giumalu ne ofer ambiana plin de mariiautentice frumusei carpatine, n care braziii molizii aduc aici farmecul nordului.

n zorii zilei, turitii au prilejul s asculte, la ea acas, cte ceva din simfonianaturii, n care cntecul ps rilor reprezinto tr ire, un crmpei din splendorile naturii,acompaniat de fonetul masivelor pduri de conifere.

n amurg, ceurile din vi i fragmentele de nori zdrenui i de vnd, printre care dispar din cnd n cnd siluetele Pielor Doamnei, te cufundntr-o lume de basm, ce poartn ea cte ceva din marile splendori alpine, cte ceva din imaginilecaliptice.

Nopile senine deschid n adncurile bolii cereti imagini mirifice, din care, poate nicieri ca aici de pe nl imileCarpailor stelele nu se vd mai galbene, iar drumul robilor mai plin de poezie amintind prin lirismul or cerul luminos al ilor dobrogene.

Eleganta cetate de piatr a Rar ului, secondatde masiva cupolalpin a Giumalului, aduce pe pmntul Bucovinei uncrmpei din peisajele Alpilor, nteind chemarea tainica munilor.

R s riturilei apusurile de soare, nopile cu lun ori cele cu cer nstelat, mai ales iarna, furtunile veriii viscolele iernii

aduc fiecare n nota lor, frumusei i peisaje ce cuprind toatgama de la linitea tainic i meditativ pn la crmpeie de infern,toate pe fundalul unui peisaj de o frumusee s lbatic , n care se mbinculorilor alb-cenuii ale calcarelor cu verdele nchis acodrului de coniferei cu verdele deschis al pajitilor alpine mpestriate de mozaicul multicolor al florilor de munte.

Munii Rar u-Giumalu reprezint un crmpei din Munii Bucovinei, legna i de legendele genezei desclecatului luiDrago Vod , patria mndr a dacilor liberi, care se integreazn peisajul odihnitor al Obcinilor, mbinndu-se armoniospeisajele elveiene sau tiroleze ale rii Dornelor, cu farmecul vilor Bistriei i Moldoveii cu alternanele de pasuriidepresiuni, prispe molcomei abrupturi stncoase.

Geo Bogza, marele poet al frumuseilor p mntului romnesc, referindu-se la Masivul Rar u, scria:Dac ve i urca vreodat i eu v sf tuiesc s urcai prin umbra Carpailor R s riteni, pe la Piatra Neam i Trgul

Neam spre locurile celei dinti desclec ri, de la un timp vei b ga de seam c se vorbete tot mai puin despre Ceahlu, mun-tele venerat al Moldovei,i c pe m sur ce se apropie ara de Sus, puterea lui scade, spre a face loc treptat n vorbireai ncontiina oamenilor, unui alt munte a crui stea ncepe sse ridice la orizont.

Iar atunci cnd vei l sa miaznoaptea, cotind spre apus, ctre inuturile pduroase ce se ridicn zare, ctre patria dedemult a bourilor, atunci, pe msur ce v ve i afunda intr-o lume de legend i de miresme foarte tari ale trecutului, munteacela se va ridica tot mai sus, iar numele lui l vei auzi tot mai des, ca pe al unei realiti primordiale cu care toate celelalte intn relaii. Soarele r sare sau apune pe Rar u, norii se adunsau se mpr tie de pe Rar u, Moldovai Bistria curg de o parteide cealalt a Rar ului, turmele urcsau coboar de pe Rar u.

O ntreag lume cu ceilali muni ai eii cu apele care curg prin vi, fiind frumuseii firii mereu schimbtoare oglinzi,graviteaz n jurul Rar ului, n jurul mesei lui enormei linitite, nconjuratcu piscuri albe de calcar.

Dar cnd aceste pmnturi au un chipi un nume, Rar ul ia parte la viaa lor i ca o inim puternic i ca o frunte njurul cirea bat marile aripi ale fanteziei. n pdurile lui oamenii ptrund ca ntr-un templu, spre punile lui i mn turmele,calcarul de la poale i-l prefac n var, dar acela din piscuri str lucete, n viaa lor ca lumina unei stele polare.

n alte locuri pot fi muni mult mai mari sau fluvii mai puternice, marea sau oceanul; aici Rar ul reprezint dimensiuneafundamental a lumii, latura cosmica vieii i a istoriei. Plin de fonetei de murmure de tot felul, deipetele de ps ri i des lb ticiuni, se nal de pe fundul luncii, spre cer, ca un enorm telescop n oglinzile cruia alunec timpuli infinitul. Cu elncepe, acolo n partea de miaznoapte a rii, realitatea sufleteascdin care a izvort nduio toarea potrivire de cuvinte: Pe upicior de plai, pe-o gur de rai

Manole Silviu


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Proiectare, alegere, nmul irea i ngrijirea florilor, arborilor i arbu tilor paji tea,rigolele, pergole, jardiniere, garduri vii, calendarul lucr rilor n gr din

Fertilizarea terenurilorSensul termenului fertilizare, neles n general ca sinonim al administr rii ngr mintelor, este n realitate mult ma

amplu, deoarece se refer la complexul de practici care contribuie direct la conservarea, reconstituireai creterea capacitaii

terenului de a susine culturile. n afar de ngr minte deci, al cror rol specific este acela de a furniza substane nutritive, tre-buie s enumer m printre fertilizani amendamentelei substanele corectoare, care condiioneaz reaciile bio-chimice (pentruca aceste substane s devin asimilabile pentru plante), apa care le mobilizeaz i lucr rile care permit circulaia aerului, acu-mularea de umiditatei de c ldur . n mod necesar, am f cut un discurs incompleti imprecis ntru-ct fiecare dintre factorii fertilitate are o aciune multipl i interdependentn sensul c funciile pe care le ndeplinesc asum i se suprapun unul cualtul desf urnd un rol stimulator sau limitator n confruntarea cu alii.

Comer ul ofer o vast gam de fertilizani specifici, destinai diverselor grupuri sau specii ornamentale trandafhortensii, lalele etc. i deci problema alegerii produsului mai indicat, practic nu exist.

Efectul diferitelor elemente minerale asupra ciclului planteiAzotul, stimuleaz dezvoltarea vegetativadic formarea frunzelor i a r d cinilor; este deci indispensabil n prima fa

de dezvoltare a planteii ori de cate ori se dorete obinerea de tulpini lungi, ramificatei cu multe frunze cum ar fi de exemp

la plantele c r toarei n gardurile vii. Logic, o excesivproducere de frunze influeneaz negativ nflorirea care rezultpu i-n i ntrziat.Fosforul, favorizeazlemnificareai crete rezistena la boli; n mod particular este indicat pentru arbuti i arbori,mai ales dac acetia sunt plantai n locuri expuse vntului.

Potasiul, favorizeaz acumularea de substane de rezerv n bulbi, tuberculi, rizomii semine i deci este indicat specii-lor cu organe subteranei tuturor plantelor spre sfr itul ciclului deoarece stimuleaz i nflorirea; este bine sfie prezent nprocentul adecvat n ngr mintele destinate plantelor cultivate pentru flori.

Anemone nemorosa Floarea Pateluin funcie de zon, popular i se mai

spune: pscu , p ti , g inu , oi , floarea-otilor, floarea-ps rilor, floarea-vntului saupinea-patelui. Floare este cunoscut dinvechime i se pare c numele de floarea-vntului, cai cel de anemon, care este de faptnumele genului cruia i apar ine, nu estentmpltor i c i-a fost dat de greci, n limbagreaca anemos nsemnnd vnt. Un naturalistcare a studiat planta timp de peste 30 de ani, aobservat c floarea Patelui nu nflorete maidevreme de 16 martie dar nici mai trziu de 22aprilie, perioada care corespunde postului Pa-telui, de cele mai multe ori.

Este o plant ierboas peren , originara din Europai face parte din familia Ranunculaceae. nflorete primva-ra devreme, n pdurii pe margini de liziere, de la cmpiei pn la munte. O ntlnim cu precdere n zonele cu sol umed dadrenat, uor acid. Se ntinde n plcuri pe zone marii poate fi uor recunoscut dup florile albei dup frunzele mpr ite ntrei segmente. Este o plantde talie mic, abia atinge 10-15 cm nl ime. Tulpina este neramificat i pe ea, sub floare, se gse-te un cerc format din 3 bractee. Ce este interesant la aceasta planteste faptul c nu are petale adevrate, ceea ce noi am fi ten-ta i s numim petale fiind de fapt sepale modificate. Acest aspect l ntlnimi la alte anemone. Florile se deschid la soare, darc derea nopii i n zilele ploioase se nchid. Rizomii se gsesc la mic adncime n pmnt. La nceputul verii planta intr nrepaus dar va reapare din rizomi n primvara urmtoare.

Pe cat este de delicata floarea, pe att de periculoaseste planta n ntregime, daca este consumatsau utilizat n stareproaspt . La fel ca aproape toate plantele ce fac parte din familia Ranunculaceae,i aceasta conine substane toxice care potprovoca contracii musculare, colici, tulbur ri ale funciei respiratorii

i cardiace, iritaii ale pielii. Instinctiv, nici animalel

nu consuma aceste plante. Dei n trecut era folosita mpotriva durerilor dentare, paraliziei sau reumatismului, toxinele peconine nu o recomandca o plant de leac, sau se poate folosi dar cu precauie.


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Alcea rosea - Nalba de grdin

Plant peren , cultivat adesea ca anual sau bienala, Alcearosea reprezint o pat de culoare n gr din , ce atrage atenia prin nl imeatijelor florale. ntruct poate atinge uor, 150-180 cm, este de preferat soaeza i ca element central ntr-o locaie nsorit din gr dina sau pentru aascunde un gard sau un zid de cldire. Formeazfrunze mari, rotunjite, cuaspect pufos, din mijlocul crora apar tije groase pline de boboci. Acetia sedeschid treptat, de la bazc tre vrf, lsnd la iveal flori n form de cup , decca. 10-12 cm diametru, n diverse nuane de roz, rou, galben, movi alb.

Are nevoie delumin puternic pentru a forma boboci, chiar de locurifoarte nsorite. Plantatn zone chiar i un pic umbrite nu va nflori.

Tolereaz uor ar i a verilor dinara noastr , rezistnd chiar i la friguliernii, cu condiia s fie plantat n locuri protejate de cureni sau vnturiputernice.Temperaturile ideale de cultivare a Nalbei de gradin sunt cuprinsentre 16i 26 grade Celsius.

Are nevoie deud ri periodice, n prima faz de la momentultransplantrii r sadurilor i pn la formarea bobocilor. Dupce prinder d cini viguroase, suport i perioade scurte de secet. Totui, evitai s ol sa i neudat mai mult de 2 s pt mni, n perioada verii, cci vei compromitenflorirea.

Nu pretindeumiditate atmosferic ridicat , dar solicit un substrat decultura fertil, un pmnt de gradin obinuit fiind de departe cea mai bunalegere. Avei grij n ce zon a gr dinii o plantai, c ci nu creste n soluris rate sau nisipoase.

Singurele ngr minte pe care putei s i le administrai sunt mraniade gr din i ngr mintele naturale, dar nici acestea nu constituie o necesitatestringent.

nflorirease desf oar ncepnd cu jumtatea lunii iuniei pn lasfr itul lui septembrie, tijele naltei nc rcate de boboci, desf cnd pe rnd,

de la baza ctre vrf, zeci de flori.Dei rezist n gr din 2-3 ani, rugina frunzelor i sl bete vigoarea,afectndu-i n timp calitatea nfloririi. Din acest motiv, se cultivcel mai bineca plant anual de r sad, nmul indu-seprin semine sem nate la cald.Plantele obinute se replanteaza n gr din , dup trecerea pericolului de nghe.O alta metoda de propagare utilizata este autonsmnarea. Pentru acest lucruse las toamna, n gradina, cteva tulpini netiate de Nalba . Seminele se vor scutura singure n btaia vntului.

Crinul africanAre frunze robuste, cz toare de forma unor panglici, aproape mereu ver

Are flori din luna iulie pnn luna septembriei au forma de clopoei.Lacrinul african (Agapanthus)culoarea florilor variazde la albastru deschis pn la albastru nchis cu nuane de violet, dar sunti crini africani cu flori albeAceste plante se cultivn vase, n sere sau ntr-o curte interioara, ntr-o zoad postit . La sfr itul lunii martie sau nceputul lunii apriliecrinulafrican se planteaz n ghiveci sau n gr din . Compostul trebuie sfie de pmntgras (humus). Se pot amesteca trei pr i de humus cu o parte de turb i una denisip. R d cinile trebuie ngropate la o adncime de 8 cmi nu trebuie s se planteze mai mult de un crin

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Taranul Roman - Iunie 2011