1 : 1. Basic information, situation related to Thai farmers 2. Historical background and modernization of Thai agriculture 3. The development of agribusiness in Thailand 4. Sustainable agriculture movement in Thailand 5. Thai agriculture impact on well being: health and the environment 1. / Basic information, situation related to Thai farmers 1.1 1.1.2 - 2556 ( 16 2556) 6.403 127,008 (4,208 ) 3.7% 7.4% 2556 6.68 4,389 2555 3.9% 7.9% - World Market & Trade; USDA .. 2556 6 21.1 2 8 ( ) - 30 10 20 .. 2555 34% 6.95 6.5 - 2553/2554 5,871,048 4 - 3.4 10 1.5 (independent farmers) (contract farmers) (plantation) Contract Farming in Thailand (2007) Isabelle Delfroge Focus on the Global Soth 2 FAO - 58 ( 52 55 57 ) 24-34 - 320 151 64 - 29% 20% 20% 31% ( ) - 23% 65% 62% 55% 54% - FAO 448 2 862 779 616 592 588 2 443 427 - 9,266 5,615 4,353 (. ) .. 2556 8,711 4,960 , - 1 3 1 3 IRRI - .. 2496 1 .. 2512 .. 2533 .. 2548-2553 5 48 - 2553-2555 5.172 5.583 34% 1.75 2,551,071 - 10,000 40% 3- ..2552 137,594,393.26 ( 68,768,742.98 ) 16,815,769,077 66% 8% 26% - 6 BASF 70% 230 90 543 15,822 - / 4.5 (/ ) ( . 108 2 ) infographic Bangkok Post http://www.bangkokpost.com/business/news/396609/ploughing-profitably. / 900-1,000300 ( ) 550-1,0000 600-7500 300300 200200 500500 1,5000 2,4000 500500 7,450-8,1501,800 - 1,800-2,000 6-8 - 1.26-1.47 860,000-1.07 - 700-800 1 20% 1.1.2 /- 330 70-80 4- 3-4 15-20% - 79% 45% 20% - .. 2555 6,281,869 3 - 4 ( ) ( ) ( ) ( ) - 2-3

.. 4440.18 54.79 88.375 61% 120% .. 4541.28 60.28 66.99 11% 62% .. 4638.98 35.29 65.94 87% 69% .. 4657.49 56.75 64.28 13% 12% .. 4729.45 46.29 76.77 66% 161% .. 4734.85 83.3 135.29 62% 288% .. 4829.85 48.24 52.37 9% 75% .. 4849.29 64.22 45.84 -29% -7% .. 4946.03 75.38 108.03 43% 135% .. 5043.88 103.06 134.17 30% 206% .. 5042.13 105.26 122.80 17% 191% 1.2 . 1. 9.233 81% GDP 52. ( : 40.8 ) 3. 4. AEC ( 4 ) 5. 6. 7. . - - - - ( 293) - .. 2520 2543 35,710 59,808 2553/54 1. (/ ) 137,175 144,049 67,982 267,598 215,122 119,133125,81552,117200,771184,633 13,65714,72810,09261,43026,246 4,385 3,506 5,773 5,397 4,24362. ( / ) 80,363 83,380 43,821 184,822 77,793 57,328 60,504 32,384 112,238 56,801 9,354 9,259 4,054 42,828 15,122 13,681 13,617 7,383 29,756 5,8703. (/ ) 56,812 60,669 24,161 82,776 137,3294. (/ ) 88,660 68,206 91,574 117,329 90,1655. (/ ) 145,472 128,875 115,735 200,105 227,4946. 109,762 100,321 79,651 180,212 141,691 32,039 33,208 18,294 59,096 47,767 77,723 67,113 61,357 121,116 93,9247. 35,710 28,554 36,084 19,893 85,8038. ( ) 5,871,048 1,348,387 2,755,002 844,831 922,8289. (/ ) 3.94 3.84 4.10 3.85 3.8910. ( ) 23,875,9095,053,11311,830,7563,323,7073,668,333 11. 15- 64 ( / ) 2.83 2.76 2.83 2.72 2.8212. 15-64 () 17,051,835 3,779,923 8,370,591 2,285,049 2,616,27213. (/ ) 1,426,388893,1421,078,1652,539,2222,062,916 14. (/ ) 59,808 86,899 55,735 61,433 36,37815. ( / ) 25.42 24.10 23.18 36.85 23.59 : 2553/54 0-2940-6640 E-mail : cai-econ@oae.go.th 1.3 - 3% .. 2554 (2555) 6.4% - +() ( ) 7 : 2554-2555, , / , 18 .. 2556 - .. 2552-2553 10%, .. 2553-2554 3%, .. 2555 6.4% - .. 2551 .. 2555-2556 (+ ) - 10-20% 2 . 220 1-2 100 10% - .. 2554-2555 1.4 2556 2557 : SMART (1) (2) (3) (.. 2556) .. 2555 8 (flagship projects) .. 2556-2561 1. Zoning, 2. Green Agriculture City (GAP, , GMP/HACCP-8 , zero waste, 3. Smart farmers (war room) , 4. GAP Good Agriculture Practice) , 5. AEC , 6. Hub, 7. , 8. 11 .. 2551-2554 .. 2551-2554 2 .. 2555-2559 4 .. 2556 1.1% .. 2556 ( - ) 12.18% 87.82% 1.5 .. 2551 2-3 11.2% .. 2555 15,000 50% 35-40% 1.2-1.5 1.9-2.2 60-65% 2555 4.5 19% (2.38 ) 4 9 10,000-15,000 20,000 21,000-23,000 2 ............................................................................................................................ 2. Historical background and modernization of Thai agriculture 2.1 : (95% ) ( ) .. 2398 ( ) ( ) 5 .. 2442 ( ) ( 6) 10 .. 2447 .. 2449 .. 2451 .. 2452.. 2460 .. 2467 .. 2478 3 .. 2486 5% 700 36% 18.75-36% ( 60-120% ) 5 6 11 .. 2475 2 1 (.. 2504-2509) 4% .. 2509 (.) 3 12 ( 1 4) 1. 8,070,000 .. 2504 23,324,732 .. 2520 1 16 10 2. 3. ( ) 2 .. 2509-2519 2 ( 208 515 ) .. 2529 1,779 17,837 6 20 4. 2510 3-4 2520 1 5. : 2520 5 (.. 2525-2529) 13 ( ) 6 (.. 2530-2534) 8-9 1 6 11-12 7 8 9 2.2 (conventional agriculture) (traditional agriculture) (Green Revolution) 1940 1960 1960 (high-yielding varieties) United States Agency for International Development (USAID) .. 2340 2 IInternational Monetary Fund (IMF) .. 2507 (High-Yield Rice HYR) 1970 (International Agricultural Research Centers IARCs) (International Rice Research Institute IRRI) 14 (ADB) 1 2 Consultative Group on International Agriculture Research -- CGIAR (Green Revolution) ( 15) 50 ( ) CGIAR ( ) IBPGR 17,000 10% ( 15 ( >> / >> >> >> >> >> ) 2.3 1. (+ ) 2. 15 3. 4. 5. 2524/2525 10% 10% 5 76% 99% 3. /Growth of the conventional agriculture in Thailand 3.1 16 ( .. 2475) (GNP) 10% 15% .. 2494-2512 .. 2449 ( ) .. 2475-2503 ( ) 1 173.2 : ( ) .. 2464 .. 2498 ( ) Aber Acers International .. 2540 1 5 125,000 2 7 200 30 (Fully Integrated Business Model: From Feed to Food) 9 () .. 2521 18 58% 3.3 2 1980 2000 2 4 3.4 .. 2545 5 468,000 963 (vertical production integration) (65-75%) (10-15%) (1-2%) 30% 12% 10% 70% ( 2%) 3 FAO 70 : 20 : 10 98% 2% 19 3.4 vs .. 2551 ( ) (plantation) 1990 3 800 2 25 60 2 40 30 12 3.5 SMART ( . ) .. 2554 1,403 1,285 .. 2555 8 .. 2555 2556 -7.78% .. 2556 2 8 0.39% 64 20 48 6 42 31.8 ( 1 30.8 20 : 10 7 3 ) 16 [] 3.6 SMART - - - - (Smart Agriculture) GIS GPS GISTDA - Smart Farmer Smart Officer - 3.7 1970 21 3 (Food Network Solution www.foodnetworksolution.com/wiki/word/3210) . . . . (contract farming) 30 2 & (tcijthat.com) 6 (.. 2530-.. 2534) 22 & 20 (http://www.midnightuniv.org/ ) . . . 23,000 23 ( : ..-.. .. 2554) 3 .. 2551 . 4. / /Sustainable agriculture movement in Thailand 4.1 FiBL IFOAM (2014) 203,606 0.16% / 4.5 64 192,220.03 .. 2552 212,995.34 .. 2553 (10.8%) 219,309.66 .. 2554 (3.0%) .. 2555 205,385.81 (-6.4%) 5,358 .. 2552 7,405 7,499 .. 2553 2554 .. 2555 7,189 2-3 ( 53 108 2 ) 1,800-2,000 1.26-1.47 8.6 1.07 700-800 1 2553/2554 13,265 24 ( 50%) 25% 4% 5,550 7,052 .. 2550 1,502 .. 2554 4.2 .. 2520 19 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. .. 2526 ( ) .. 2528 25 - - - - (International Institute of Rerual Reconstruction IIRR) ( ) .. 2529-2532 33 (10 70 ) 4.3 (alternative farming) 3 2535 26( 2539) 5 1. 2 2. 3. (doing nothing farming) 4. 5. 2 4.5 International Federation of Organic Agriculture Movement (IFOAM) 2538 (.) (.) 27 . 9000-2546 4.6 .. 2535 8 . . 8 25 8 2 .. 2539 .. 2540 8 18 .. 2540 12 6 19 27,100 116.4 7,205 633 3 4.7 28 4.8 2530 .. 2532-2537 . . .. 2535 . .. 2533 .. 2534 1 .. 2535 27 . . .. 2536 . . . 29 .. 2539 33 18 9 3 2 1 . . . . (58%) (value based consumers) Health Me Organic Home Delivery 300 Health Me / .. 2552 2,000 (.. 2550) 4% ( / ) 100% 300% 47,547 ( ) 1,752 30 .. 2547.. 2550.. 2553 ( ) () ( ) () ( ) () 7,827.41313.1013,467.07373.4123,515.8752.50 1,571.9655.022,934.1465.8713,071.0365.99 2,656.73159.405,336.76297.182,114.3105.72 3,833.1076.6611,930.40236.614,050.8153.93 -n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.1,057.2190.30 n.a.n.a.n.a.n.a.3,524.8140.99 76.884.619.101.77213.542.69 15,966.08608.7933,677.47974.8447,547.31,752.1 : http://www.greennet.or.th/article/1009 4 1. 2. 3. 4. 4.9 (The Research Institute of Organic Agriculture: FiBL) (International 31Federation of Organic Agriculture Movements: IFOAM) 154 2552 232.35 12.15 5.5% 8.1% 1.81 .. 2551 9.4% 0.25% 32.38 5.9% 731,322 80.7% 3 17.9% 31.5% 31.3% (International Trade Centre-UNCTAD/WTO) 2553 54,900 15-20% 97% ( 1-3%) ( 2-2.5%) (0.35-0.45%) .. 2548 494.5 2553 3,600 2,500-2,600 1,000-1,100 0.2% ( 80%) 4.10 : 32 . . . ( ) . . . . . 1. CSA Community-supported agriculture/community-shared agriculture CSA . . . . 2. PGS - Parcipatory guarantee system . . . 5. / /Well being under the conventional agriculture: farmers, consumers, and the environment 5.1 2 33 1. 2556 2557 80% 2559 78.63% .. 2553 ( ) 2. .. 2552 1,520 35-44 (22.43 %) 45-54 (17.76 %) 25-34 (16.12 %) 5 3. ( ) .. 2553 2,015 4 8,546 200,000 400,000 4. ( ) .. 2541 77,789 369,573 21% 5. .. 2550 8,546 6 (1,452 )6. .. 2551 924 75% 7. 200,000 - 400,000 6 606 IPM DANIDA .. 2546 .. 2547

345.2 Rio Treaty .. 1992 189 1. 2. 3. 3 (broad-based spectrum) . (targeted pests) 0.1% 99.9% ( 70-75%) (half life)

4. 35 4 - : .. 2523 10% - : ( ) ( ) - : - : 60% 1,008 29-36% .. 2553 (UNEP) 5. 2 1,000 IR8 IRRI 6-7 IRRI 1 3 6. 36 Office of Natural Resourses and Environment Policy and Planning (GNREPP) 22.64% ( 52.1 69.57% 7.15% 4.07%) 57.5% 15%enteric fermentation 15.9% 9.7% 1.9% 7. IBPGR (International Board of Plant Genetic Resources) CGIAR IBPGR IBPGR 90% .. 2504 171 53% .. 2525 97.8 .. 2531 89.88 28% .. 2541 81.1 .. 2555-2556 31.57% 5 5 3.3 .. 2532 3 70% .. 2543-2546 359 37 51.8% 63.7% 3.4 (International Organic Agriculture Movements IFOAM) 4 1. : 2. : 3. : 4. : 38 : (2548), , , Thai Agriculture: Golden Cradle of Millennai (2000), Lindsay Falvey, Kasetsart University Press, Bangkok. : (2547), . . . . , (), . (2546), , (), . (2552), , , . .. 2399 (2533), , , . (2535), , . (2556), , , . AEC (2554), http://ttmemedia.wordpress.com/2011/10/17/ /, , 2554. , http://www.inmu.mahidol.ac.th/NCFNH/Presentation/16-3/Symposium2.1_Aj.Sujit.pdf, 16 2557 The First National Conference on Food and Nutrition for Health. - , http://thaipublica.org/2014/02/rnn-thailand-reform-2-1/, 24 2557, . : ( ), http://www.organic.moc.go.th/th/production/ - -0 .. . 39 : () (2554), http://biothai.net/Tags/%E0%B8%88%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%99%E0%B8%B3%E0%B8%82%E0%B9%89%E0%B8%B2%E0%B8%A7, . vs (2551), http://www.biothai.net/node/148, 23 2551. 2553/2554 , http://www.oae.go.th/ewt_news.php?nid=15084. (2557), http://thaipublica.org/2014/02/cost-of-famer/, 8 2557. : (-), http://www.midnightuniv.org/ , , . http://thaipublica.org/2014/03/prapas-pintoptang/, , 10 2014. (2554), http://www.biothai.net/node/8691, . , http://www.thaibiz.net/th/business/314/, . 2554-55 (2556), http://www.greennet.or.th/sites/default/files/Thai%20OA%2011-12.pdf, , / 18 2556. 2556 2557 (2556), http://www.oae.go.th/download/bapp/OutlookFull_24\556-2557.pdf, , , 2556. 2556 2557 (2556), http://www.oae.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/oae_web/download/bapp/document_seminar/1_Presentation%20year-end56-OAE_090157_pptx.pdf, , . 40 (2551), http://www.biothai.net/sites/default/files/Broilers_Industry.pdf, . ( ), http://moacdc.thaiembdc.org/pdfs/reports/report_north_american_organic.pdf, . . 2555 (2555), http://www.seub.or.th/index.php?option=com_content&view=article&id=927:seubnews&catid=5:2009-10-07-10-58-20&Itemid=14, . . , http://www.organic.moc.go.th/th/news/ ___ . (2556), thaipublica.org/2013/03/vallop-stc-group, 3 2556. , http://www.biothai.net/node/6139, , 2 2553, . , http://www.biothai.net/node/6139, . SMART (2556), , 12 .. 2556 . SMART(2556), http://www.oae.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/oae_web/download/bapp/document_seminar/2_Montri_pptx.pdf, , , . (2556), http://www.oae.go.th/ewtadmin/ewt/oae_web/download/bapp/document_seminar/5_Wanlop.pdf . 41 (2554), http://www.biothai.net/node/8688, . (2554), http://www.biothai.net/node/8692, . (2556), http://www.greennet.or.th/article/1006, . : , , 30 (2) - 2554. Contract Farming in Thailand: A view from the farm, http://focusweb.org/node/1210, Isabelle Delforge, May 2007, Focus on the Global South. Wikipedia , th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ , th.wikipedia.org/wiki/ Agriculture, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Agriculture. Green revolution, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_revolution. Sustainable agriculture, http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sustainable_agriculture.