Thang Phap Yeu Luan - HT Minh Chau Dich

8/3/2019 Thang Phap Yeu Luan - HT Minh Chau Dich

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TNG PHN LOI 89 DC GII TMTNG PHN LOI 89 TM V 121 TMPHN LOI 121 TMPHN LOI CC SIU TH TMPHN LOI CC THIN TM

CHNG II : CC CETASIKA HAY TM SPHN MT: CC LOI TM S52 TM S7 BIN HNH TM S6 BIT CNH TM S14 BT THIN TM S25 TNH QUANG TM SBA TIT CH, HAI V LNG V HU CN TM STM TT CC TM S

PHN HAI - NHNG TM S NO HIN HNH TRONG NHNG TMNO

7 BIN HNH TM STM TM ST, THNG GII, TINH TN, H V DC14 BIN HNH BT THIN TM STHAM, T KIN V MN TM SSN, TT, XAN, HI, HN TRM, THY MIN TM SBIN HNH THIN TM S V TIT CH TM SV LNG TM SHU CN TM S

PHN BA - LOI TM NO C NHNG LOI TM S NO V BAO NHIUTM S

S PHI HP CHUNG CA CC LOI TMVI SIU TH TMVI I HNH TMVI DC GII TNH QUANG TMVI BT THIN TM - 4 BT THIN TM U TINVI TM TH 5 V 5 TM CN C NHC BOVI HAI SI TM V TNG KTNHNG TM S PHI HP VI TT C BT THIN TMVI V NHN TM

CHNG TH BA : PAKINNAKA: LINH TINHPHN LOI THEO THPHN LOI THEO NHN - 6 NHNPHN LOI THEO CNG TCPHN LOI THEO CN MNCC TM KHI QUA MNPHN LOI THEO I TNGPHN LOI THEO TR CN

CHNG BN : L TRNH CA TM (CITTA-VTHI)PHN MT: L TRNH CA TM QUA 5 CN


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CHNG VII : SAMUCCAYA-SANGAHA-VIBHGO:MISSAKO SANGAHO: TP LOI TP - YUSABBASANGAHO - TNG QUT TP YU

CHNG VIII : PACCAYA SANGAHO: TR DUYN TP YUPHN MT - PATICCASAMUPPDA: DUYN-KHI

PHN HAI - PATTHNAPACCAYO: DUYN H DUYNCHNG IX :KAMMATTHNA: NGHIP X hay I TNG TU HNHPHN MT - SAMATHA KAMMATTHNA: CH NGHIP XPHN HAI - VIPASSAN KAMMATTHNA:

PH LC

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LI NI U (Tp Mt)

Vn hc Abhidhamma c th xem l mn Tm L Hc ca Pht gio v bnvn c em ra gii thch cn k hon ton thuc v con ngi v c

bit l phn tm thc. Bn php c cp l Citta (tm), Cetasika (tms), Rpa (Sc) v Nibbna (Nit bn). Tm, Tm s, Nit bn d nhinthuc v tm thc, nhng Sc php y ni nhiu v thn th con ngi vs lin lc gia thn th y vi tm thc. o Pht khng bao gi tch riTm v Sc v c hai u tng quan lin i. Chia ch theo 2 php thi

Nma (danh) thuc v Tm php v Rpa (Sc) thuc v Sc php. Ni n5 Un, thi Rpakkhandha (Sc un) thuc v Sc php cn 4 Un cn li

thuc v Tm php v.v...

im ni bt nht trong mn hc Abhidharma l s phn tch rt tinh t v tm cc tm v tm s, v theo Pli Abhidhamma, c n 89 hay 121 tm(Citta) v 52 tm s (Cetasika). ng vi truyn thng "phn tch tng"(Vibhajavda, mt tn khc ca Thng Ta B), Pli Abhidhamma chiach cc loi tm thnh Dc gii tm; Sc gii tm, V sc gii tm, Siu thtm (theo cnh gii), hoc thnh Bt thin tm, V nhn tm, Tnh quangtm (theo kh nng hng thin hay khng hng thin), hoc theo Thintm, D thc tm, Duy tc tm (theo kh nng ti sanh mt i sau hay

khng); hoc theo Hu nhn, V nhn tm (nu ng v phng din cnnhn chi phi cc tm y) v.v... Phn tm s li t nh hn, v chng ta c

bit khi nhn thc khi ln thi t nht c 7 Bin hnh tm s cng khi mtln, tc l Xc, th, trng, t, mng cn, nht tm v tc . Cn t nh hnl nhng bng thng k t m tm ti s lng cc tm s hin hnh trongmt tm v nhng tm s no c tm thy trong nhng loi tm no.Chng ta khng ng h tm s c mt trong 51 tm, x tm s khi ln


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trit hc o Pht nguyn thy) xem vn hc Abhidhamma nh mn tml hc v trit hc ca o Pht. Cn ng Egerton C. Baptist trong quynAbhidhamma for the Beginners (Abhidhamma cho nhng ngi s c) thso snh mn hc Abhidhamma nh mn siu hnh hc ca Pht gio. Nusiu hnh c ngha l vn tm hiu Thng v vn to thin lp ath mn hc Abhidhamma khng th l mn siu hnh hc, v hai vn nykhng c cp n. ng vi truyn thng thc tin ca Kinh tngkhng mun cp n nhng vn khng lin h vi i sng thc ti,i tng ca mn hc Abhidhamma l vn tm linh v hon cnh thcti ca con ngi ang sng. Nhng nu chng ta nh ngha siu hnh lnhng vn vt khi s hiu bit hin ti cn ct v c gii hn cachng ta, thi Abhidhamma c th xem l mn siu hnh v Sc gii tm, Vsc gii tm v Siu th tm vt ngoi s hiu bit hin ti ca con ngi.Mun chng c Sc gii tm, phi tu cc php thin Sc gii, mun

hiu V sc gii tm phi tu cc php Thin V Sc gii, v mun t ncc qu thnh, phi tu qun (vipassan) v Ba php n. y chng ta thyr siu hnh khng da trn lng tin khng bng chng vo tng tng vd on m ch l trng thi tm thc cha c pht gic ra, bi v kinhnghim c nhn ca con ngi cha t ti, v khi t ti, thi siu hnh tr thnh kinh nghim c nhn. Ni mt cch khc, o Pht khng bc

b siu hnh, nu phn siu hnh c pht gic trn con ng kinh nghimc nhn. Phn ny ch b bc b khi no ch c hnh thnh trn con ngca tng tng v d on. y, theo tng Abhidhamma, siu hnh lmt khi nim hon ton tng i m ranh gii ty thuc ranh gii kinhnghim c nhn ca mnh v ty thuc vo hnh thc v tm lc ca nhnthc. c Pht nhip phc siu hnh vi nhng vn nan gii ca siuhnh, khng phi ch khng bit n siu hnh, m chnh vi thi tch ccv thit thc, ngha l nh s tu tp v tim lc ca nhn thc, c Phtthu nh dn ranh gii ca siu hnh, v nh vy siu hnh tr thnh kinhnghim.

Ni n o c hc tc l gii vc th ba ca trit hc, Abhidhamma cngl mn lun l hc ca o Pht, v tt c li dy trc tip hay gin tip ca

c Pht u hng con ngi n gii thot v gic ng. Tiu chun oc y khng phi l li phn xt ca c Pht, cng khng phi da votruyn thng hay tp tc ca mt thi i no. Tiu chun thin c oPht ty thuc con ngi v 12 Bt thin trong tm Abhidhamma cnh ngha l nhng tm khin con ngi i xa ch gii thot v gic ng,18 V nhn tm (ahetukacitta) l nhng tm lng chng, khng ti cngkhng lui, v 59 Tnh quang tm (sobhanacitta) l nhng tm khin con


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hy vng tp ny s m u cho mt s so snh gia tp Pli Abhidhamma vTng Sanskrit Abhidhamma, v tp Pli Abhidhammatthasangaha v tpSanskrit Abhidharmakosa, mt s so snh rt ho hng, y nhng khm

ph mi l v thch th.

Tp Abhidhammatthasangaha c n 9 chng v chng ti dch nchng th V. Cn bn chng sau, chng ti s cho dch tip.

Ma Pht n 2510T kheo THCH MINH CHU

Vin Trng Vin i Hc Vn Hnh

-ooOoo-

LI NI U (Tp Hai)

Bn dch quyn "Abhidhammasangaha" (Thng Php Tp Yu Lun) tp IInay mi c in xong, du chng ti dch xong kh lu, nguyn do chnhv vn n lot kh khn, nht l in ch Pli, vt liu khan him t , vtrch nhim ca mt v Vin Trng kh a oan phin toi.

Tp II ny cp n hai Thng php cn li l Rpa (Sc) v Nibbana(Nit Bn) c phn chia nh sau:

Chng VI: Sc PhpChng VII: Cc danh t Abhidhamma phn loi theo Bt thin, Thin vBt thin, lin h vi Gic ng.Chng VIII: Duyn khi v Duyn hChng IX: Tu tp v i tng Tu tp,

Cng nh tp I, chng ti c in bn chnh Pli, tip theo l Thch vn, Dchvn v Thch ngha, chng ti y c vo hai bn Abhidhammatthasangaha cai c Nrada, Tch Lan v i c Kashyap, Vin Trng Vin i hc

Naland, n .

Chng ti gp rt nhiu kh khn v cc danh t Abhidhamma chuyn mn,nhng danh t chuyn mn c ch Hn tng ng thi chng ti dngch Hn c Vit ha, cn nhng danh t khng c ch Hn tngng, chng ti phi tm thi dch theo ngha ch i tm c nhngdanh t chnh xc hn. Bao gi cng vy, i tin phong trong vn nocng c nhng kh khn trong bc u, v y tm c nhng danh t


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tng hay Lut tng, c Pht thng dng nhng danh t Tc nh ngi,loi vt, hu tnh... Trong tng Abhidhamma, mi php u c chia chrt t m v cc ch tru tng nh nm un, mi hai x c dng. Nhvy, v gio l dy rt c bit, v gio l ny a n t gii thot, v

phng php phn tch rt c bit, nn gi l Abhidhamma.

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I. PLI VN.

-1b) Tattha vuttbhidhammatth catudh paramatthato, Cittam cetasikamrpam nibbnamiti sabbath.

II. THCH VN.

- Tattha: y. Vutta: c ni n. Abhidhammattha. Cc vt, cc phpthuc Abhidhamma. Catudh: C 4 loi. Paramatthato: Theo nht ngha. Sabbath: Tt c.

III. VIT VN.

- 1b) Theo nht ngha , cc php thuc Abhidhamma c bn tt c:Tm, Tm s, Sc v Nit bn.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- C hai s tht (): Tc v nht ngha , Tc (Sammuti-sacca)l s tht ngoi mt, s tht ca th tnh. Cn nht ngha (Paramattha-sacca) l s tht tuyt i. V d ci bn chng ta thy l tc . Theo nht ngha , ci gi l ci bn, s tht gm nhiu c nng v c tnh.

Cng vy, trong kinh tng, c Pht thng dng nhng danh t thng

thng nh ngi n ng, n b, hu tnh, t ng... nhng trongAbhidhamma, c Pht dng nhng danh t rt c bit, nh Khandha(un), Dhtu (gii), yatana (x)...

Ch Paramattha c nhiu ngha trong Abhidhamma. Parama ngha lkhng thay i (aviparta), tru tng (Nibbattita) Attha ngha l vt, phpParamattha ngha l nhng vt khng thay i, hay tru tng. Tuy dng


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ch khng thay i, nhng ng hiu lm l nhng vt ny trng cu,thng cn. Mt chu bng ng khng phi l mt Paramattha, v n lunlun thay i v c th nu chy v bin thnh ci bnh. Ci chu v ci bnhc th phn tch v chia ch thnh nhng sc mnh vt l cn bn v nhngc tnh. Sc mnh v nhng c tnh y c gi l Rpaparamattha trongAbhidhamma. Chng cng b thay i, nhng c tnh ca nhng sc phpny l ging nhau v c tm thy trong ci chu cng nh trong ci bnh.Chng gn gi c tnh ca chng trong mi s kt hp ca chng v v vytrong s gii, Parama c ngha l khng thay i hay thc c. Attha y cngha l vt ch khng phi l ngha.

C 4 Paramattha hay thc th tru tng, bao trm mi vt nhp th v siuth. Nh ci gi l hu tnh thuc v nhp th. Cn Nibbna thuc siu th.Loi hu tnh gm c Nma (Danh) v Rpa (Sc). Theo Abhidhamma,

Rpa gm c nhng n v cn bn ca vt cht v nhng thay i vt cht.Abhidhamma k n 25 sc php. Nma gm c Tm v Tm s.

Theo Abhidhamma, ci gi l hu tnh gm c nm un (khandha): Rpa(sc), Vedan (th), Sann (tng), Sankhr (hnh) v Vinnna (thc).

Tm, Tm s (tr 8 Siu th tm v nhng Tm s cu hu) v Sc thucnhp th (Lokiya), v Nibbna thuc Siu th (Lokuttara). Nit bn l thcth cu cnh, c nht. Ba php cn li c gi l thc th v chng lnhng vt hin hu (Vijjamna dhamm). Ngoi ra, chng khng th chianh, khng thay i v tru tng.

Paramattha th nht l Citta, t ng cn Cit l suy ngh. Theo s gii, Cittac ngha l nhn thc s hin hu ca i tng (cinteti: vijnti). ykhng c ngha c ngi ngh n i tng. Theo ngha ca Abhidhamma,Citta nn nh ngha l s nhn thc c mt ca mt i tng, v khng cngha c mt linh hn suy ngh.

Citta, Ceta, Cittuppda, Nma, Mana Vinnna u l nhng ch ng ngha

theo Abhidhamma, khng c s phn bit gia Citta v Vinnna (tm vThc). Khi ci gi l vt hu tnh c chia thnh hai phn, thi dng ch

Nma (Danh). Khi chia thnh nm un, thi ch Vinnna (Thc) c dng.

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I. - PLI VN.

- 2) Tattha cittam tva catubbidham kmvacaram, rpvacaram,arpvacaram, lokuttaranceti.

II. THCH VN.

- Tattha: y. Catubbidham hoti: C bn loi. Kmvacaram: Dc gii.Rpvacaram: Sc gii. Arpvacaram: V sc gii. Lokuttaram: Siu thgii.

III. VIT VN.

- 2) y, c 4 loi tm: Dc gii, Sc gii, V sc gii v Siu th gii.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Km: Dc, hoc l i dc hay l nhng i tng ca i dc nh sc,thanh, hng, v, xc. Avacara: ngha l lnh vc a gii hot ng. Nhngtm vng khi ln h thuc vi cc vn v i tng ca chng nn gi lDc gii tm. Sc gii tm l nhng tm t nht thin n ng thin ci Sc gii. S d gi l Sc gii tm v tm ny khi ln do dng cc sc

php tu thin nh. V sc gii tm l nhng tm t nht thin n t thin ci V sc gii. S d gi l V sc gii v tm ny khi ln dodng V sc php tu thin nh. Loka uttara: Lokuttara, ngha l Siu th,ra ngoi s hn cuc ca dc gii, sc gii v v sc gii. Do qun tng ba

php n v thng, kh, v ng, chng c cc thnh v, khng cn lphm phu na nn gi l siu th, ra ngoi s hn cuc ca dc gii, scgii, v v sc gii.

Theo Pli Abhidhamma, c tt c l 89 Tm vng, 54 Dc gii tm, 15 Scgii tm, 12 V sc gii tm v 8 Siu th tm.

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BT THIN TM

I. PLA VN.


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khng cn ngi khuyn khch xui gic, thi tm y gi l Asankhrikam(khng cn nhc bo). Nu cn ngi xui gic khuyn bo mi lm th gi lsasankhrikam.

Trong chng trc, tm chia thnh bn ty theo cnh gii, nh Dc giitm, Sc gii tm, V sc gii tm v Siu th tm. Tm cng c th chialm 4 loi ty theo tnh cch ca chng, nh Akusala (bt thin), Kusala(thin), Vipka (d thc) v Kiriy (duy tc). S d gi l Bt thin v chng

pht sanh t Lobha (tham) Dosa (sn) v Moha (si). Tri vi bt thin tm lThin tm (Kusala) v chng pht sanh t Alobha (v tham), Adosa (v sn)v Amoha (v si). Nhng Bt thin tm v thin tm thuc v Kamma(nghip) v kt qu D thc ca nhng tm ny gi l Vipka (D thc tm).C Kamma v Vipka thuc v . Cn tm Kiriy (Duy tc) l tm ca v Ala hn, tuy c hnh ng nhng khng c kt qu d thc v dit tr sanh

t.

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HAI SN TM

I. PLI VN.

- 4) Domanassasahagatam patighasampayuttam asankhrikamekam,sasnkhrikamekamekam ti imni dvepi patighacittni nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Domanassasahagatam: Cu hu vi u Patighasampayuttam: Tng ngvi hn. Asankhrikam: Khng cn nhc bo: Sasankhrikamekam: Mt tmcn c nhc bo. Dve: Hai. Patighacittni: Nhng hn tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 4) Mt tm cu hu vi u, tng ng vi hn, khng cn nhc bo, mttm cn c nhc bo. Hai tm ny gi l tm cn hu vi hn.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Khi mt vt khin ta khng a thch hoc tr ngi s thc hin mun camnh, chng ta bt u ght vt y. Dn dn s ght y tng ln mt mc


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n ni ch ngh n vt y cng khin ta tc ti, chn ght. Tm trng nhvy gi l Domanassa. Domanassa thc dc kch thch chng ta mun tiudit, cng ph vt ta chn b, s kch thch y gi l Patigha hay hn. Tmy l asankhrika, nu trong khi gin d, mt ngi lm mt ti c khng gngn ngi, khng cn ngi xui gic khuyn bo. Tm y l sasankhrikanu c ngn ngi, cn c ngi xui gic sai bo mi lm. Trong 2 tm ny,l d nhin khng c somanassa (h), hay upekkh (x), cng khng tngng vi t kin v khi qu tc gin, khng cn th gi m suy ngh phi vitri na.

Lobha, dosa, v moha l ba bt thin cn. Lobha t ng cn Lubh ngha lnm gi, m p. Dosa t ng cn Dus ngha l khng bng lng. Patigha,Pati: ngha l i, Gha (han) c ngha l nh chm nhau. Moha t ng cnMuh ngha l m lm. Theo Abhidhamma, Moha c mt trong tt c bt

thin tm. Lobha v Dosa khng khi ra mt mnh m phi c Moha. Mohac th khi mt mnh v c gi l Momha.

Somanassa: Su l tt, thin. Mana: , ngha l thin , hoan h. Upekkh:Upa l ngang, khng thin lch; Ikkh: l thy khng thin v h v u, ng gia nn c ngha l x. Ditthi t ng cn dis ngha l thy, nhn thc.Sankhrika t ch san ngha l tt v kar ngha l lm. Trong Abhidhamma,ch Sankhra c nhiu ngha, phi hiu v phn bit cho r rng. Dng vi 5un, Sankhra l hnh un, ngha l cc tm s tr th v tng. Dng vimi hai nhn duyn, Sankhra c ngha l mi hnh ng c , thin hayc. Sankhra cng c ngha l thay i, bin dch v dng ch cho cc phphu vi. y, Sankhra c ngha l khuyn khch, sai bo.

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HAI SI TM

I. PLI VN.

- 5) Upekkhsahagatam vicikicchsampayuttamekam, upekkhsahagatamuddhaccasampayuttamekam ti dve pi momhacittni nma. Iccevamsabbath pi dvdaskusalacittni samattni.

II. THCH VN.


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4. Kusa l mt loi c. Loi c ny ct bn tay vi hai kha l sc bn. Cngvy Kusala ct cc phin no.

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TNG KT 12 BT THIN TM

I. PLI VN.

- 6) Atthadh lobhamlni, dosamlni ca dvidh mohamlni ca dvti,dvdaskusal siyum.

II. THCH VN.

- Atthadh: C 8 loi. Lobhamlni: Tham cn. Dosamlni: Sn cn. Ca:V. Dvidh: C hai loi. Akusal: Bt thin. Siyum: (t ng t Asa):Chng c th c.

III. VIT VN.

- 6) Tham cn c tm, sn cn c hai v si cn cng c hai. Nh vy Btthin tm c 12.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- y l bi k tm tt on trn, k r c tt c l tm tham tm, hai sn tmv hai si tm, tng cng c 12 Bt thin tm.

18 V NHN TM: 7 BT THIN D THC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 7) Upekkhsahagatam cakkhuvinnnam, tath sotavinnnam,ghnavinnnam, jivhvinnnam, dukkhasahagatam kyavinnnam,upekkhsahagatam sampaticchanacittam, upekkhsahagatamsantranacittanceti. Imni satta pi akusalavipkhetukacittni nma.

II. THCH VN.


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- Cakkhuvinnnam: Nhn thc. Tath: Cng nh vy. Sotavinnnam: Nhthc. Ghnavinnnam: T thc. Jivhvinnnam: Thit thc.Dukkhasahagatam: Cu hu vi kh. Kyvinnnam: Thn thc.Sampaticchanacittam: Tip th tm. Santranacitam: Suy c tm. Imnisatta: By (tm) ny. Akusalavipka: Bt thin d thc. Ahetuka: V nhn.

III. VIT VN.

- 7) Nhn thc cu hu vi x, cng vy nh thc, t thc, thit thc, thnthc cu hu vi kh, tip th tm cu hu vi x, suy c tm cu hu vix. By tm ny gi l Bt thin d thc v nhn tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Mt tm yu t khng th c mt trong 6 nhn sau y: Tham, Sn, si, vtham, v sn, v si. Nn nhng tm y gi l Ahetukacitta (v nhn tm). Ctt c l 18 v nhn tm: 15 d thc tm v 3 duy tc tm. 15 d thc tm lichia lm hai: 7 Bt thin d thc tm v 8 Thin d thc tm.

Nay ni n 7 Bt thin d thc tm. Khi chng ta th lnh mt s kchthch, mt cm gic s khi ra trong ni tm. Nu thuc v s thy, thigim gic y l nhn thc (cakkhuvinnna). Nu thuc v s nghe th cmgic y gi l nh thc (Sotavinnna). Nu thuc v ngi th gi l t thc(Ghnavinnna). Nu thuc v nm th gi l thit thc (Jivhvinnna). Nuthuc v cm xc th gi l thn thc (Kyavinnna). Sau khi cm gic khiln, tm th lnh vt kch thch ngoi nh l mt i tng. Tm y gi lTip th tm (Sampaticchana); sau khi lnh th, tm y bt u tm hiu,iu tra i tng nn gi l Suy c tm (Santrana). Nhng hnh ngthin c trong i trc em n kt qu lc kh trong hin ti, lc khthuc v k tnh nn bin d m thc gi l d thc (Vipka). Li nhn vqu cch mt i, ni d thi m thc nn gi l d thc. Do nhng nghipthin c i trc, ty theo sc mnh v tnh cht ca cc nghip nn inay sinh ra c nhng tnh tnh nh th no. By tm k trn khng cu

hu vi Somanassa (H) hay Domanassa (u) v chng qu yu t v muilc, nn ch c th cu hu vi Upekkh (X). Tuy vy, Kyavinnna(Thn thc) li cu hu vi Dukkha (Kh) v thn thc cm xc mnh hn.Do to cc c nghip i trc, nn th qu hin ti l kh.

5 Bt thin d thc thc vi 5 Thin d thc thc ny thng c dng danht Dvipancavinnna. Hai Sampaticchana v Pancadvrvajjana c gi l


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Manodhtu ( gii). Cc tm khc c gi l Manovinnnadhtu (y thcgii).

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TM THIN D THC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 8) Upekkh-sahagatam cakkhuvinnnam, tath sotavinnnam,ghnavinnnam, jivhvinnnam, sukhasahagatam kyavinnnam,upekkhsahagatam sampaticchanacittam, somanassasahagatamsantranacittam, upekkhsahagatam santranacittam citi imni attha pikusalavipkhetukacittni nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Sukhasahagatam: Cu hu vi lc. Attha: Tm. Kusalavipkhetukacittni:Nhng thin d thc v nhn tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 8) Nhn thc cu hu vi x, cng vy nh thc, t thc, thit thc, thnthc cu hu vi lc, tip th tm cu hu vi x, suy c tm cu hu vih, suy c tm cu hu vi x. Tm tm ny gi l Thin d thc v nhntm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- on ny ging vi on trn, s 7, ch khc l v thn thc, cu hu vilc, v c thm mt tm l suy c tm cu hu vi h.

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BA V NHN DUY TC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 9) Upekkhsahagatam pancadvrvajjanacittam,tathmanodvrvajjanacittam, somanassasahagatam hasituppdacittam ceti imni


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tni pi ahetukakriycittni nma. Iccevam sabbath pi atthrashetukacittnisamattni.

II. THCH VN.

- Pancadvrvajjanacittam: Ng mn hng tm. Manodvrvajjanacittam: mn hng tm. Hasituppdacittam: Tiu sanh tm. Imni: Nhng tmny. Tni: Ba. Ahetukakriycittni: V nhn duy tc tm. Nma: Gi l.Iccevam: Iti + evam: nh vy. Sabbath pi: Tng cng tt c.Attharashetukacittni: 18 V nhn tm. Samattni: Tt c.

III. VIT VN.

- 9) Cu hu vi x, ng mn hng tm; cng vy, mn hng tm; cu

hu vi h, tiu sanh tm. Ba tm ny gi l V nhn duy tc tm. Nh vy,tng cng c tt c l 18 V nhn tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Kriy ngha l duy tc, ch c hnh ng ch khng c qu d thc. Haitm pancadvrvajjanacitta v Manodvrvajjanacitta ch l nhng khuynhhng my mc ca tm, khi mt kch thch c nhn lnh ngoi haymt t tng c thu nhn t bn trong. Chng va l Ahetuka (v nhn)va l Kriy (duy tc), v khng th gieo qu. Hasituppda, n ci ca v Ala hn cng Ahetuka v Kriy (v nhn v Duy Tc).

Mun hiu cc v nhn tm, cn phi hiu l trnh ca tm. Khi nm cn xcchm vi 5 trn, thi l trnh ca tm ngang qua 5 cn khi ln. Khi cnxc phm vi php trn thi l trnh ca tm ngang qua cn khi ln.

L trnh ca tm ngang qua nm cn c th dng v d sau y din t.Mt ngi nm ng di gc cy xoi. Mt tri xoi ri xung v ln n

bn mnh ngi y. Ngi y git mnh ngi dy v tm bit ci g lm

mnh git mnh thc gic. Ngi ny thy tri xoi, lm ln, ngi v xemxt tri xoi, khi c bit tri xoi chn, ngi y n tri xoi.

1. "Ngi y ang ng" ch cho trng thi th ng ca tm thc, tri chykhng c g lm xao ng. Trng thi ny gi l Bhavanga, hu phn haytim thc.


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tng ng vi tr, khng cn nhc bo, mt tm cn c nhc bo. Mt tmcu hu vi x, khng tng ng vi tr, khng cn nhc bo, mt tm cnc nhc bo. Tm tm ny gi l Hu nhn dc gii d thc tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- 8 tm ny l kt qu d thc ca 8 tm trn. 8 v nhn thin d thc tm(ahetuka kusalavipkacitta) cng l kt qu d thc ca 8 tm trn. Nhvy 8 thin tm (kusalacitta) lm nhn to ra 16 D thc tm (vipkacittas),cn 12 bt thin tm (akusalacittas) ch c 7 V nhn bt thin d thc tm(Ahetukavipka) m thi.

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TM DC GII TNH QUANG DUY TC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 14) Somanassasahagatam nanasampayuttam asankhrikamekam,asankhrikamekam. Somanassasahagatam nanavippayuttamasankhrikamekam, asankhrikamekam. Upekkhsahagatamnnasampayuttam asankhrikamekam, sasankhrikamekam.Upekkhsahagatam nanavippayuttamasankhrikamekam,sasankhrikamekam ti imni attha pi sahetukakmvacarakriycittni nma.Iccevam sabbath pi catuvsati sahetukakmvacara-kusalavipkakriycittni samattni.

II. THCH VN.

- Kriycittni: Duy tc tm Catuvsati: 24, Samattni: Tt c.

III. VIT VN.

- 14) Mt tm cu hu vi h, tng ng vi tr khng cn nhc bo, mttm cn c nhc bo. Mt tm cu hu vi h, khng tng ng vi trkhng cn nhc bo, mt tm cn c nhc bo. Mt tm cu hu vi x,tng ng vi tr khng cn nhc bo, mt tm cn c nhc bo, mt tmcn c nhc bo. Tm tm ny gi l Hu nhn dc gii duy tc tm. Nhvy c tt c l 24 Hu nhn Dc gii Thin, D thc, Duy tc tm.


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IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cc c Pht, cc v A la hn c thu nhn tt c 23 d thc tm, v cc vny vn phi gt kt qu thin v c ca nhng hnh ng trong thi qukh cho n khi mnh chung. Nhng cc v ny khng c 8 Thin tm(Kusalacitta) v khng c cht cha nhng mm ging cho mt i sau, v dit tr mi phin trc a n mt i sng khc. Khi cc v ny lmmt vic thin, th ch l Duy tc m thi.

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TM TT 24 DC GII TNH QUANG TM

I. PLI VN.

- 15) Vedannnasankhrabhedena catuvsati, sahetukkmvacara-punnapkakriy mat.

II. THCH VN.

- Vedan: Th, ch cho Somanassa Upekkh (H v X). Nna: Tr.Sankhra: Nhc bo. Bhedena: Chia ch, phn loi. Sahetu: C nhn.Kmvacara: Dc gii. Punna: Thin. Pka: Vipka: D thc. Kriy: Duytc. Mat: c bit l.

III. VIT VN.

- 15) 24 loi Dc gii thin, d thc, duy tc c nhn chia ch theo th (hhay x), tr (c hay khng c tr) v c nhc bo (hay khng nhc bo).

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cu k ny tm tt 24 loi Sobhanacitta (Tnh Quang tm) c bit l c

nhn, Dc gii, Thin, D thc hay Duy tc.

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TNG QUT 54 DC GII TM

I. PLI VN.


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III. VIT VN.

- 17) nht thin thin tm cu hu vi tm, t, h, lc v nht tm. nh thin thin tm cu hu vi t, h, lc v nht tm. tam thin thintm cu hu vi h, lc v nht tm. t thin thin tm cu hu vi lcv nht tm ng thin thin tm cu hu vi x v nht tm. Nh vynm tm ny c gi l Sc gii thin tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Tm Dc gii lun lun dao ng, b chi phi bi dc lc nn khng thnh tnh. V vy c ngi tu hnh mun chng c nh tm. V y lymt hnh trn hn mt gang tay v dng t mu hng trt bng. Vt y

gi l Parikamma Nimitta, hay S tng. Ngi tu hnh ngi v nhn itng y ht sc chm ch cho n khi nhm mt m vn c th thy mthnh trn sng hin ra. tc l Uggaha Nimitta (th tng). Uggaha

Nimitta ny cn th s v cn nhng du vt dc ngang ca i tng trtt trc. Vi i tng ny, ngi tu hnh li chuyn ch nh tm qunst cho n khi tr thnh Ptibhga Nimitta (quang tng). Quang tng nythnh mt vng trong sng khng mt t vt no c, m ch do tng tnghnh thnh m thi. Ngi tu hnh vn tip tc nh tm trn Ptibhga

Nimitta ny cho n khi chng c nht thin (Pathamajjhna).

Khi chng c nht thin, thi 5 Nvarana (Trin ci): Kmacchando:Dc ci, Vypda: Sn, Thnamiddha: Hn trm, Uddhacca-kukkucca: Troc v Vicikicch: Nghi) c dit tr v 5 Thin chi sau y c hin ra:Vitakka (tm), Vicra (t), Pti (h), Sukka (lc) v Ekaggat (nht tm).Khi ngi y tu n nh th hai, th khng c Vitakka; khi chng n thinth ba thi khng c Vicra. Khi n thin th t thi Pti khng cn. Khin thin th nm th Sukha khng cn v c th vo bi Upekkh (X).

Nh vy dn dn tm ca ngi tu thin nh ch cn Upekkh v Ekaggatm thi.

Vitakka xut x t vi + takk ngha l suy ngh. y c ngha l a n vquy t trn i tng. Do vitakka sanh ra m thna-middha (hn trm) cdit tr.

Vicra xut t vi + car ngha l di chuyn, y c ngha l tm ti, tc l tm trn i tng. Khi c vicra thi dit tr c vicikich (nghi). Vitakka


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v nh con ong bay n bng hoa. Vicra v nh con ong bay xung quanh cibng y.

Pti ngha l h, t ch P ngha l hoan h, sung sng. Khi c Pti thi dittr c Vypda (sn).

Sukha ngha l lc. Khi c Sukha thi khng c Uddhacca v Kukkucca(tro c). Pti khin ta thch i vi mt i tng cn Sukha gip tahng th i tng y.

Upekkh c ngha l thy (Jkkhati) mt cch v t (upa: yuttito) ngha lthy mt i tng vi mt tm tr bnh tnh. Ngha ny ch dng viSobhana citta m thi.

Ekaggat (eka + aggat) ngha l nht tm. Khi c nh th phi cEkaggat. Khi c Ekaggat thi tr dit c Kmacchanda (tham dc).

Thin nh Bhvan c hai loi: Samatha (ch) v Vipassan (qun).Samatha, ch, ngha l tch tnh nh tu 5 thin m chng c. Chnh nh tuSamatha m chng c Abhnn (thng tr thn thng). Cn Vipassan lthy s vt ng vi s tht. Chnh nh Vipassan m chng c thnhqu.

Do 3 ngha nn gi l Sc gii. V dng sc php lm i tng tu hnh mchng c thin tm. V sc gii, vn cn c t sc. V v do chng ccthin tm ny nn sau khi cht, c th c sanh ci Sc gii thin.

Jhna t ng cn Jhe (suy t). Ngi Buddhaghosa nh ngha:rammanupanijjhnato paccankajhpanato v jhnam. Jhna c gi vyl v suy t chn chn trn i tng hay v t chy nhng vt chng ngi(Nvarana: Trin ci).

L trnh ca thin tm c din tin nh sau:

- Khi Bhavanga (Hu phn) c dng li, thi mn hng tm khi lnvi i tng l quang tng (Patibhganimitta). Tip n l Tc hnh tm(Javana), Tc hnh ny bt u vi Parikamma (chun b) hay Upacra (Cnnh) ty theo trng hp. Tip n l Anuloma (thun th). Chnh giaion ny m tm mi chc chn chng c Appan (An ch). Tip n lGotrabh (chuyn tnh) Gotra ch cho Dc gii tnh; Bh l chinh phc.


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Mi tm st na n y thuc v Dc gii. Sau Gotrabh s n Appan (Anch) v thuc v Sc gii. y, Appan (An ch), c 5 thin chi u c mt S thin. Nh vy s din tin l trnh ca thin tm nh sau: Bhavanga,manodvrvajjana, Parikamma, Upacra, Anuloma, Gotrabh, Appan (Hu

phn, mn hng tm, chun b, cn hnh, thun th, chuyn tnh, an ch).

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SC GII D THC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 18) Vitakkavicraptisukhekaggatsahitam pathamajjhnavipkacittam.Vicraptisukhekaggatsahitam dutiyajjhnavipkacittam.

Ptisukhekaggatsahitam tatiyajjhnavipkacittam. Sukhekaggatsahitamcatutthajjhnavipkacittam. Upekkhekaggatsahitampancamajjhnavipkacitam ceti imni panca pi rpvacaravipkacittninma.

II. VIT VN.

- 18) nht thin d thc tm cu hu vi tm, t, h, lc v nht tm. nh thin d thc tm cu hu vi t, h, lc v nht tm. tam thin dthc tm cu hu vi h, lc v nht tm. t thin d thc tm cu huvi lc v nht tm. ng thin d thc tm cu hu vi x v nht tm.

Nh vy nm tm ny gi l Sc gii d thc tm.

III. THCH VN.

- 3 thin nhn (kusalahetu) alobha, adosa, amoha (v tham, v sn, v si) rtmnh trong cc tm rpvacarakusalacitta cho nn em li cc kt qu dthc ging nh cc tm ny n i sau.

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SC GII DUY TC TM

I. PLI VN.


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- 19) Vitakkavicraptisukhekaggatsahitam pathamajjhnakriycittam.Vicraptisukhekaggatsahitam dutiyajjhnakriycittam.Ptisukhekaggatasahitam tatiyajjhnakriycittam. Sukhekaggatsahitamcatutthajjhnakriycittam. Upekkhekaggatsahitam

pancamajjhnakriycittam ceti imni panca pi rpvacarakriycittni nma.Iccevam sabbath pi pannarasa rpvacarakusalavipkakriycittnisamattni.

II. THCH VN.

- Pannarasa: 15. Samattni: C tt c l.

III. VIT VN.

- 19) nht thin duy tc tm cu hu vi tm, t, h, lc v nht tm. nh thin duy tc tm cu hu vi t, h, lc v nht tm. tam thin duytc tm cu hu vi h, lc v nht tm. t thin duy tc tm cu hu vilc v nht tm. ng thin duy tc tm cu hu vi x v nht tm. Nhvy 5 tm ny gi l Sc gii duy tc tm.

Nh vy c tt c l 15 Sc gii Thin, D thc v Duy tc tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cc v La hn cng tu 5 thin ny. Nhng khng c kt qu D thc, ch cduy tc m thi nn gi l kriycitta.

TM TT 15 SC GII TM

I. PLI VN.

- 20) Pancadh jhnabhedena rpvacaramnasam Punnapkakriybhed

tam pancadasadh bhave.

II. THCH VN.

- Pancadh: C 5 loi. Jhnabhedena: Phn loi thin. Rpvacaramnasam:Sc gii v . Punna: Thin. Pka: D thc. Kriy: Duy tc. Bhed: Phn loichia ch. Tam: Tm y. Pancadasadh: C 15 loi. Bhave: C.


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tt c mi ch. Ci h khng v bin y khng phi l mt hin thc m chl mt tng tng gi l Kasinagghatimksa (h khng pht sanh tKasina). Trn i tng y, ngi tu hnh ch tm v ngh "ksa ananto"(H khng l v bin) cho n khi chng c nht thin. Ri v ny chtm trn nht Arpajhna v suy tng: "Vinnnam anantam" (Thc lv bin) cho n khi chng c nh thin (Vinnnancyatanam). Munchng tam thin, ngi tu hnh ly nht thin lm i tng tu hnhv suy ngh "Natthi kinci" (khng c vt g tt c). Mun chng t thin,ngi tu hnh ly tam thin lm i tng tu hnh, v v t thin qut nh nn khng th ni l c tng hay khng c tng.

Nm thin tm sc gii khc cc thin chi, cn bn thin v sc giisai khc nhau i tng tu hnh. nht thin v tam thin c haiPannatti (khi nim) lm i tng tu hnh, tc l khi nim v h khng v

bin v khi nim v v s hu. nh v t thin ly nht thin v tam thin lm i tng tu hnh. Trong 12 v sc thin tm, ch c hai thinchi l x v nht tm.

L trnh ca v sc gii thin tm c tin din nh sau:Manodvrvajjna, Parikamma, Upacra, Anuloma, Gotrabh,ksnancyatana ( mn hng tm, chun b, cn hnh, thun th, chuyntnh, h khng v bin x). Parikamma c th c hay khng, ty theotrng hp.

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V SC GII D THC TM

I. PLI VN.

- 22) ksnancyatanavipkacittam. Vinnnancyatanavipkacittam.kincannyatanavipkacittam. Nevasannansannyatanavipkacittam cetiimni cattri pi arpvacaravipkacittni nma.

II. VIT VN.

- 22) Khng v bin x d thc tm. Thc v bin x d thc tm. V s hux d thc tm, Phi tng phi phi tng x d thc tm. Bn tm ny gi lv sc gii d thc tm.


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- 24 lambana: i tng tu hnh. Bhedena: Chia ch, phn loi. Catudh:Bn loi. Arupp: V sc. Mnasam: . Puna: Li na. Dvdasadh: 12 loi.Thitam: ng nh vy.

III. VIT VN.

- 24) Theo i tng tu hnh, thi c bn loi tm thuc v sc gii. Lina, nu phn loi theo thin, d thc v duy tc th c 12 tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- y l bi k tm tt 12 v sc gii tm. Nu chia theo thin, d thc vduy tc thi c n 12 tm.

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SIU TH TM, SIU TH O TM

I. PLI VN.

- 25) Sotpattimaggacittam, Sakadgmimaggacittam,Angmimaggacittam, Arahattamaggacittam ceti imni cattri pilokuttarakusalacittni nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Sotpattimaggacittam: D lu o tm. Sakadgmimaggacitam: Nht laio tm. Angmimaggacittam: Bt lai o tm. Arahattamaggacittam: A-la-hn o tm. Cattri: Bn. Lokuttara kusalacittni: Siu th thin tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 25) D lu o tm, Nht lai o tm, Bt lai o tm, A-la-hn o tm,

bn tm ny gi l siu th thin tm.

IV. THCH NGHA:

- Mt loi hu tnh ci sc gii hay v sc gii c th do v minh lmtng i sng hai ci y l vnh vin v hon ton hnh phc. Do vy


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lng tham i c sng pht sanh v do vy phi ti sanh sau khi cht. Vny c th b chi phi bi 10 phin no sau ny:

1. Sakyaditthi (thn kin),2) Vicikicch (nghi),3) Slabbataparmsa (gii cm th),4) Kmrga (Dc i),5) Patigha (Sn),6) Rparga (sc i),7) Arparga (V sc i),8) Mna (mn)9) Uddhacca (tro c),10) Avijj (V minh).

Ngi tu hnh, mun dit tr cc phin no trn, qun tng v Anicca (vthng), Dukkha (kh) v Anata (v ng) v chng c ci thin v NitBn.

Khi ngi y dit tr c 3 phin no th nht, v y chng c qu vth nht c gi l Sotpanna tc l Tu -hon hay D Lu. V ny dnhp vo dng a n Nit bn. V ny nht nh s thnh A-la-hn sau byi.

Khi v ny lm cho yu t, mui lc hai phin no k tip, tc l kmarga(dc i) v Patigha (sn), v ny chng c qu v th hai v c gi lSakadgmi, tc l T--hm hay nht-lai. V ny phi ti sanh mt lnna, trc khi chng qu A-la-hn.

Khi v ny dit tr c hai mn phin no dc i v sn, v ny chng cqu v th ba v c gi l Angmi, tc l A-na-hm hay Bt-Lai. V nys, hoc chng c qu A-la-hn ngay trong i ny, hay s ti sinh nmt ci cao hn v t ni chng qu Nit bn.

Khi v ny dit tr c 5 phin no cn li, v ny chng c qu v th tv c gi l Arahan tc l A-la-hn.

Khi v ny chng c cc qu v trn thi gi l maggacittam hay o tm.Khi v ny nhn thc rng mnh chng c cc qu v trn, thi cgi l Phalacitta hay qu tm.


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S chng ng Nit bn:

Hnh gi mun chng Nit bn phi c gng tm hiu s vt ng vi thctng. Vi nht tm, v y quan st t ng v tm thy ci gi l t ng chgm c danh v sc. Khi hiu t ng ch gm c danh v sc, v y li tmhiu nhng nguyn nhn to ra t ng, v nhn thy l i sng hin ti ldo 5 nguyn nhn v minh qu kh, i th, kamma (nghip) v on thcca i hin ti. V 5 nguyn nhn ny, t ng sanh khi, v v hnh vi qukh ch nh hin ti, hin ti s chi phi tng lai. Suy t nh vy, v nyvt khi cc nghi ng v qu kh, hin ti v tng laiKankhvitaranavisuddhi - on nghi tnh). Ri v ny qun mi php hu vil v thng, kh v v ng. Ch no a mt n, v ny cng ch thy batnh ny chi phi tt c. V ny nhn rng cuc i l mt dng sng trichy mi mi, khng c hnh phc no l chn tht, v mi hnh phc a

n kh au, v v thng l au kh, v ch no c v thng v au kh,d nhin khng th c t ng.

Trong khi v ny ch tm tu thin tng, mt ngy kia thnh lnh t thnpht ra ho quang. V ny cm thy hoan lc v bin, thn tm an lc nhnhng, lng tin nhit thnh tinh tn. Tng lm l chng c thnh quv s hin hu ca ho quang, v ny tha thit vi trng thi tm t y.

Nhng ri v ny nhn chn c nhng s cm d y ch l nhng phinno v c gng phn bit gia t o v chnh o(Maggmaggannadassana visuddhi - o phi o tri kin tnh).

Nhn nh c chnh o, v ny qun tng s sanh khi (Udayanna -Sanh tr) v s dit tr (Vayanna Dit tr) ca cc php hu vi. i vi lsinh dit, s dit tr li mt n tng su m hn v v ny hng tmqun tng n s tiu dit cc php (Bhanganna - on tr). V ny nhnchn rng c tm php v sc php ca mnh u lun lun chuyn bin,khng mt pht dng ngh. V y hiu bit rng mi vt chuyn bin ung gh s (Bhayanna - Kinh hi tr). C th gii hin ra nh mt hmla, y nguy him. Tip theo, v y suy ngh n s au kh v nguy him

(dnavanna - Him nguy tr) ca th gii hin ti v t cm thy chn ght(Nibbidnna) v mun thot ly khi th gii ny (Muncitukamyatnna -Dc gii thot tr).

Vi mc ch trn, v ny li qun tng n ba php n (Patisankh nna -Suy t tr) v t cm thy thn nhin i vi mi php hu vi, khng thami, khng chn ght i v mi php th gian (Upekkh nna - X tr). Khi


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n trnh ny, v ny ly mt trong ba php n, php n no i vi mnhrt thch hp, ri qun tng suy t cho n mt ngy kia v ny chng c

Nit bn.

L trnh Javana nh sau:

Khi khng c Parikamma i vi mt v rt thng minh v sng sut, thiqu tm c n ba st-na.

Tm tr ny: Udaya, Vaya, Bhanga, Bhaya, dnava, Nibbid, Patisankh vUpekkh c gi chung l Patipad Nnadassana Visuddhi. (o tri kintnh). Khi v ny chng ng Nit bn ln u tin, v y c gi lSotpanna (D Lu). Ri v ny tip tc dit tr cc phin no khc cho nkhi chng c qu A-la-hn. Cn l cc phin no c tun - t dittr trong bn giai on. o tm ch khi ln c mt st na ri tip l qutm. Siu th gii, thin qu tm n ngay lp tc nn c gi lAkliko.

Dc gii, kamma hay nghip chi phi, cn s Siu th gii, thi Pann(Tr tu) chi phi.

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SIU TH TM: 4 QU TM

I. PLI VN.

- 26) Sotpattiphalacittam. Sakadgmiphalacittam, Angmiphalacittam,

Arahattaphalacittam, ceti imni cattri pi lokuttaravipkacittni nma.Iccevam sabbath pi attha lokuttarakusalavipkacittni samattni.

II. VIT VN.

- 26) D lu qu tm, nht lai qu tm, bt lai qu tm, A-la-hn qu tm.Bn tm ny gi l siu th d thc tm.


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- 28) Dvdaskusalnevam Kusalnekavsati, Chattimseva vipknikriycittni vsati.

II. THCH VN.

- Dvdasa: 12. Akusalni: Bt thin. vam: Nh vy. Kusalni: Thin.Ekavsati: 21. Chattimsa: 36. Vipkni: D thc. Kriycittni: Duy tc tm.Vsati: 20.

III. VIT VN.

- 28) C 12 Bt thin tm, c 21 Thin tm, c 36 D thc tm v c 20 Duytc tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Bi k ny tm tt cc tm ni n t trc. C 12 Bt thin tm, c 21Thin tm (8 Tnh Quang tm Dc gii, 5 Sc gii, 4 V sc gii v 4Siu th o tm). C 36 D thc tm (15 V nhn tm + 8 Tnh Quang tm+ 5 Sc gii tm + 4 V sc gii tm + 4 Siu th tm) v 20 Duy tc tm (3V nhn tm + 8 Tnh Quang tm + 5 Sc gii tm + 4 V sc gii tm).

---o0o---

TNG PHN LOI 89 TM V 121 TM

I. PLI VN.

- 29) Catupannsadh kme rpe pannarasraye. Cittni dvdasruppe attha-dhnuttara tath.

Itthameknanavutippabhedam pana mnasam,Ekavsasatam vtha vibhajanti vicakkhan.

II. THCH VN.

- Catupannsadh: 54 loi. Kme: dc gii. Rpe: sc gii. Pannarasa:15. Iraye: Ireti, ni n. Dvdasa: 12. ruppe: V sc gii. Atthadh: C8 loi. Anuttare: ci Siu th gii. Tath: Nh vy. Ittham: Nh vy.Eknanavuti: 89. Pabhedam: Chia ch. Mnasam: . Ekavsasatam: 121.


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V: Hay l. Atha: y. Vibhajanti: Phn loi, chia ch. Vicakkhan:Ngi tr hu.

III. VIT VN.

- 29) Dc gii c 54 tm, Sc gii c 15 tm, V sc gii c 12 tm, Siu th gii c 8 tm. Nh vy 89 tm ny, cc nh c tr li chia c 121tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Bi k ny tm tt tt c tm Dc gii (54), Sc gii (15), V sc gii(12) v Siu th gii (8). 89 tm ny li c cc nh c tr chia thnh 121tm.

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PHN LOI 121 TM

I. PLI VN.

- 30) Katham eknanavutividham cittam ekavsasatam hoti?Vitakkavicraptisukhekaggatsahitam pathamajjhnasotpattimaggacittam.Vicraptisukhekaggatsahitam dutiyajjhnasotpattimaggacittam.Ptisukhekaggatsahitam tatiyajjhnasotpattimaggacittam.Sukhekaggatsahitam catutthajjhnasotpattimaggacittam.Upekkhekaggatsahitam pancamajjhnasotpattimaggacittam ceti imni

panca pi sotpattimaggacittni nma.Tath sakadgmimagga-angmimagga-arahattamaggacittam cetisamavsati maggacittni.Tath phalacitni ceti samacattlsa lokuttaracittni bhavantti.

II. THCH VN.

- Katham: Sao. Eknanavutividham: 89 loi. Ekavsasatam: 121. Samavsati:C va 20. Samacattlsa: C va 40. Bhavanti: C.

III. VIT VN.


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- Bi k ny gii thch v sao 8 Siu th tm tr thnh 40 Siu th tm, tc lly tm tm y nhn vi 5 ci thin Sc gii.

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PHN LOI CC THIN TM

I. PLI VN.

- 31b) Yath ca rpvacaram gayhnuttaram tath, Pathamdijjhnabhederuppam cpi pancame,Ekdasacidham tasm pathamdikamritam,Jhnamekekamante tu tevsatividham bhave.

Sattatimsavidham punnam dvipannsavidham tath.Pkamicchu cittni ekavsasatam budh.

II. THCH VN.

- Yath tath: Ging nh, cng nh. Rpvacaram: Sc gii. Gayha: Qukh phn t ca Ganhti, c ly. Anuttaram: V thng, y ch cho Siuth tm Pathamdijjhnabhede: Theo s chia ch ca cc thin t nhtthin tr i. ruppam: V sc gii tm. Pancame: Th nm Ekdasavidham:11 loi. Tasm: Do vy. Pathamdikam: nht thin v.v... Iritam: Qu kh

phn t ca Ireti: ni, thuyt. Jhnamekekam: Mi thin. Antam: Thin cuicng. Tevsatividham: 23 loi. Bhave: C. Sattatimsavidham: 37.Dvipannsavidham: 52 Pkam: D thc. hu: ni: Ekvsasatam: 121.Budh: V sng sut.

III. VIT VN.

- 31b) Cng nh cc tm sc gii, tm siu th gii cng chia ch nhvy (ngha l chia thnh 5 ci thin). V th t cc ci thin, t nht

thin v.v... V sc gii tm c xem l thin th nm. Do vy, t thin thnht n thin th t, mi thin c 11 tm. Cn thin cui cng tc l thinth nm, c n 23 tm.

C 37 thin tm, 52 d thc tm. Nh vy v sng sut ni rng c 121 tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.


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- K thin tm, c sc gii, v sc gii v siu th gii, xem v sc gii thintm nh Thin th nm, xem o tm v Qu tm l 40 tm, thi s phnchia theo 5 Thin k nh sau:

- Thin th nht: 11 tm- Thin th hai: 11 tm- Thin th ba: 11 tm- Thin th t: 11 tm- Thin th nm: 23 tm

Bn sau y s nu r:

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CHNG II : CC CETASIKA HAY TM S

PHN MT: CC LOI TM S

Mt tm thc khng phi l mt n v gin d. Tm thc l mt s tng hpphc tp ca nhng tm s hay Cetasika. Nhng phn t y to thnh tmthc v sng trong v vi tm thc y.

V d trong 89 tm bn trong chng trc, nhng tm gin d nht lCakkhuvinnna (nhn thc), Sotavinnna (nh thc)..., nhng tm ny lnhng cm gic thun ty, khng b tim nhim, nh hng bi s suy ngh


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- 1) Tng ng vi tm c 52 tm s, chng ng khi vi tm, ng ditvi tm, ng mt i tng v mt cn vi tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- on ny ni n cc tm s v hnh tng ca chng. C 52 tm s tt cv chng ng sanh, ng dit mt ln vi tm v ng mt i tng, mtcn vi tm. Khng mt tm no c th tn ti m khng c tm s. C tmv tm s ca tm y sanh v dit ng thi. Nh vy mt tm s phi cy bn c tnh trn mi c gi l tm s. C mt loi sc gi lVinnttirpa (pht biu sc) cng sanh dit ng thi vi tm, nhng khngth gi l tm s v thiu 2 iu kin sau. Theo Abhidhamma, c 52 tm stt c. Tr th tm s (Vedan) v tng tm s (Sann), 50 tm s cn lithuc v Sankhra (hnh un).

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7 BIN HNH TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 2) Katham, Phasso, vedan, Sann, Cetan, Ekaggat, Jvitindriyam,Manasikro, ceti sattime cetasik sabbacittasdhran nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Katham? V sao? Phasso: Xc. Vedan: Th. Sann: Tng. Cetan: T.Ekaggat: Nht tm. Jvitindriyam: Mng cn. Manasikra: Tc . Sattime:Satta + ime = By (tm s) ny. Sabbacittasdhran: Nht th tm binhnh (tm s). Nma: Gi l.

III. VIT VN.

- 2) V sao? Xc, th, tng, t, nht tm, mng cn, tc . By tm s nygi l nht th tm bin hnh tm s.

IV. THCH NGHA.

1) Phassa: T ng cn Phas: Xc chm. Phassa l s xc chm ca ch thi vi i tng vt cht hay tinh thn. Xc c ni n u tin, v n


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trc cc tm khc. Theo l 12 nhn duyn, xc c trc ri mi n th. Stht, cc tm s u khi ln mt ln, khng trc khng sau, nhng ni xctrc cho tin vic trnh by.

2) Vedan l th, t ng cn Vid ngha l kinh nghim, th lnh. Th c thl lc th (sukha) kh th (dukkha) v khng lc khng kh(adukkhamsukha). Chnh Vedan cm th i tng, khi i tng xcchm vi cc gic quan.

3) Sann, t ng cn Sam + n ngha l bit. y l nhn thc i tng nhmt tng c mu xanh v.v... Chnh Sann gip ta nhn bit mt i tngm mt ln trc ta nhn bit c qua gic quan. Cng ging nh mtngi th mc bit n cc loi g nh nhng du ghi trc trn cctm g.

4) Cetan t ng cn cit ngha l suy ngh, phi hp v cht cha cc tm scu hu vi mnh trn i tng. Cetan chi phi v nh ot mi hotng. i vi cc Dc gii tm, Cetan ng vai ch ng. i vi Siu thtm, Pann tri tu ng vai ch ng. Dc gii tm a n s cht cha ccnghip cn Siu th tm hng n s dit tr cc nghip. Nh vy Cetan Siu th gii khng tc thnh nghip (Kamma). Du Cetan c tm thytrong cc D thc tm (Vipka), cng khng c gi tr lun l v thiu scmnh cht cha.

5) Ekaggat (nht tm): Eka + agga + t, tc l ch tm trn mt i tng,nh mt ngn la ti mt ch khng c gi, nh mt ct tr khng b gi layng. Nht tm ny l mt phn t ca Thin. Khi Nht tm c pht trinv trau gii, s tr thnh Samdhi (nh).

6) Jvitindriya: mng cn: Jvita l mng, Indriya l cn. S d gi l mng vnui dng cc tm s cu hu, v gi l cn v iu hnh cc tm s cuhu. Nu Cetan nh ot cc nghip, chnh mng cn ny nui dng ssng cho Cetan v cc tm s khc. C hai loi Jvitindriya. Mt l Nma-

Jvitindriya (danh mng cn), hai l Rpa-jvitindirya. (sc mng cn). Danhmng cn nui dng cc tm, tm s, sc mng cn nui dng sc php.

Nh hoa sen c nui dng bi nc, nh a con nt c ngi vnui dng, cc tm php v sc php c Jvitindriya nui dng. CDanh mng cn v Sc mng cn c sanh khi khi bo thai mi thnh, vs b tiu dit khi mng chung. Vy s cht c th xem l s dit tr caJvitindriya.


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7) Manasikra (tc ) ngha l a tm n i tng, cng nh bnh li acon thuyn n ch. Mt tm khng c tc cng nh con thuyn khng

bnh li. Manasikra khc vi Vitakka (Tm). Tc hng cc tm s trni tng, tm qung cc tm s trn i tng. 7 tm s va k trn khino cng hin khi vi tt c cc tm nu c gi l Sabbacittasdhran(Bin hnh tm s).

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6 BIT CNH TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 3) Vitakko, Vicro, Adhimokkho, Viriyam, Pti, Chando cti cha imecetasik pakinnak nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Vitakka: Tm. Vicra: T. Adhimokkho: Thng gii. Viriyam: Tinh tn.Pti: H. Chando: Dc. Cti: Ca + iti: V. Cha: Su. Ime cetasik: Nhngtm s ny. Pakinnak: Bit cnh. Nma: Gi l.

III. VIT VN.

- 3) Tm, t, thng gii, tinh tn, h, dc, su tm s ny gi l bit cnh tms.

IV. THCH NGHA.

6 Tm s k trn c th hin khi trong tt c cc loi tm, nhng khngphi trong tt c tm.

1) Vitakka, ng cn Vi + takk (suy ngh). Ch ny c nhiu ngha sai khcgia Kinh tng v Abhidhamma tng. Trong Kinh Tng, Vitakka c ngha lquan im t tng. Trong Abhidhamma tng, Vitakka c ngha c bit ldn p cc tm s trn i tng. Nh mt bit cnh tm s, Vitakka ch cngha l tm s thng thng, nhng trong thin nh, Vitakka tr thnh mttm s quan trng trong nht thin v c gi l Appanvitakka. KhiVitakka hin khi trong Lokuttara maggacitta (Siu th o tm), th c


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gi l Samm Sankappa (chnh t duy), v n dit tr t t duy v dn ptm trn Nit bn.

2) Vicra: T; Vi + car (i ch ny ch kia). Vicra l s tip tc dn p tmtrn i tng. Nh con ong n u trn ci bng l Vitakka, bay trn hayi vng quanh ci hoa l Vicra. Nh con chim p cnh sp sa bay lVitakka, khi bay ling trn h khng l Vicra. Nh nh trng hay nhchung l Vitakka, ting di, ting ngn ca chung trng l Vicra. Vicracng l mt phn t ca thin, Vicra tr dit Vicikicch (nghi).

3) Adhimokkha (thng gii) Adhi + mc, gii thot. Adhimokkha th tm ratrn i tng. c tnh ca Adhimokkha l quyt nh, la chn, cng nhmt quan ta tuyn n i vi mt v kin.

4) Viriya t ng cn Vaj, i v ir. V thay cho Aj. Vira l mt ngi tinh tn,cng quyt lm vic khng dng ngh. Nh ngi nh c c cc ct trmi chng , cng vy cc tm s cu hu c Viriya chng . Viriyac thnh mt trong 5 php ng cn (indriya) v dit tr bing nhc. Viriyacng l mt trong ng lc (bala) V khng th b bing nhc lay ng. Viriyany thnh 4 Chnh cn (Sammappadhna), thnh mt trong 7 Gic chi(Sattabojjahanga) v cui cng c thnh mt trong Bt Chnh o(Atthangikamagga) l Sammvymo (chnh tinh tn).

5) Pti: h, t, ng cn P: hoan h, thch th. Khng phi l mt cm thnh Sukha (lc) nhng n trc Sukha. Pti c tm thy thin v btthin tm. c tnh l khin tm thch th i tng. C 5 loi Pti:

1. Khuddaka pti, s hoan h khin da ni ln nh rn tc gy;2. Khanika pti, st na h, ch khi ra trong mt giy pht nh chp;3. Okhantika pti, hi triu h, dng ln nh nc hi triu;4. Ubbega pti, thng thng h, khin c th bay ln h khng nh mt cc

bng c gi cun i;5. Pharana pti, sung mn h, thm thun ton thn nh nc lt trn qua h.

6) Chanda (dc), t ng cn chad: ao c, mun, c tnh ca Chanda lmun lm (kattukamyat), ging nh a tay nm i tng. C 3 loichanda:

1. Kmacchanda ngha l tham dc, hon ton bt thin;2. Kattukamyat chanda ch l s ao c mun lm, khng thin khng c;


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3. Dhammachanda, php dc, tc l ham mun chn chnh. ChnhDhammachanda ny khin Thi t Tt t Ta xut gia.

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14 BT THIN TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 4) Moho, ahirikam, anottappam, uddhaccam, lobho, ditthi, mno, doso,iss, macchariyam, kukkuccam, thnam, middham, vicikicch ceticuddasime cetasik akusal nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Moho: Si, Ahirikam: V tm. Anottappam: V qu. Uddhacca: Tro c.Lobho: Tham. Ditthi: T kin. Mno: Mn. Doso: Sn. Iss: Tt.Macchariyam: Xan. Kukkuccam: Hi. Thna: Hn trm. Middha: Thymin. Vicikicch: Nghi. Cuddasa: 14.

III. VIT VN.

- 4) Si, v tm, v qu, tro c, tham, t kin, mn, sn, tt, xan, hi, hntrm, thy min, nghi, 14 tm s ny gi l bt thin tm s.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- 1) Moha, t ng cn Muh, b sng st, b m m. Moha l mt trong bacn bn phin no v hin hnh trong tt c bt thin tm. Chnh Moha trngi s hiu bit l nghip bo v l T .

2) Ahirika: V tm l khng bit h thn khi lm cc iu c. Mt ngi clng tm s thi lui khng lm iu c nh lng con g trng thi lui trc

la . Mt ngi khng c Hiri c th lm tt c cc php m khng do d.

3) Anottappa: V qu. Na + ava + tapp: b au kh, bt rt. Ottappa: L ss hi lm iu c, s kt qu cc iu c. Anottappa c v nh mt con

bm, cnh b chy xm nn rt s la. Mt ngi khng c tm qu c thlm tt c iu c. Tm v qu thng i i vi nhau. Tm l s h thni vi lng tm ca mnh, cn qu l s s hi ngi ngoi ch ci v


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kt qu ca vic c mnh lm. Tm da trn lng h thn, Qu da trn lngs hi. Khi c lng Tm, ngi ta suy gh n danh gi a v i sng camnh, ca thy gio mnh, ca bn b mnh. Khi c lng Qu, ngi ta thys hi v t hi, v ch trch ca ngi, v hnh pht, v hu qu n i sauv.v... Tm v Qu c xem l hai yu t cn bn cho mt x hi vn minh.

4) Uddhacca: Tro c t ng cn U (trn) + Dhu, dao ng ni ln, c vnh trng thi ca mt ng tro b hn nm phi. Chnh l trng thi daong ca tm tr. Tro c thuc v mt trong ng ci (nvarana) v cSukha (lc) thay th trong nht thin. Trong mt vi trng hp c bit,Uddhacca c dng vi ngha kiu mn, 4 tm s Si, v tm, v qu vtro c bao gi cng hin hnh vi 12 bt thin tm nn gi l Bt thin binhnh tm s.

5) Lobha (tham) t ng cn Ludh ngha l m p, bu ly. Khi no c vt gtt p thi tham tm khi ln.

6) Ditthi: T kin, t ng cn Dis ngha l thy, nhn thc. Moha (si) vDitthi (t kin) khc nhau. Si che ph i tng, cn Ditthi l quan im, kin ca mnh, y l s tht, y l thin v.v... Ditthi tng phn vi Nna(tr). Tr thy s vt ng vi th tnh ca n, cn Ditthi thi bc b th tnhv c nhng kin sai lc, lm ln.

7) Mna (mn) t ng cn man ngha l suy ngh, kiu ngo, t c t ti.

8) Dosa (sn) t ng cn dus ngha l pht , khng bng lng.

9) Iss: (Tt) t ng cn i + su, ngha l ganh ght. Thy ngi khc giusang v thnh cng sanh lng k.

10) Macchariyam ngha l xen ln, du kn s giu sang ca mnh.

11) Kukkucca: Hi tic kukatassa bhvo, trng thi khi lm mt s g sai

lm. Hi qu vic c lm v tic nui vic thin khng lm.

12) Thna: Hn trm, t ng cn the ngha l co li, rt li, trng thi catm co rt li nh lng con g trc ngn la.

13) Middha t ng cn Middha ngha l khng hot ng, khng c khnng. Middha l trng thi mui lc hn yu ca cc tm s. Thna v


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Middha thng i i vi nhau v l mt trong ng ci v c tm sVitakka (tm) tr dit. Thna c xem l s au yu ca tm thc (citta) vMiddha c xem l s au yu ca thn th (Kya-gelann), nhng chKya y khng c ngha l thn th m l s tng hp ca cc tm s(Vedan, sann v sankhr: Th, tng v Hnh).

14) Vicikicch. Vici ngha l tm hiu. Kicchati l chn nn, mt mi, chnnn v tm hiu khng c kt qu. Li c ngha Vi l khng c, Cikicch:thuc i tr, thiu thuc i tr ca hiu bit.

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25 TNH QUANG TM S

I. PLI VN.

-5) Saddh, Sati, Hiri, Ottappam, Alobho, Adoso, Tatramajjhattat,Kyapassaddhi, Cittapassaddhi, Kyalahut, Cittalahut, Kyamudut,Cittamudut, Kyakammannat, Cittakammannat, Kyapgunnat,Cittapgunnat, Kyujjukat, Cittujjukat, ceti eknavsatime cetasiksobhanasdhran nma.

II. THCH VN.

- Saddh: Tn. Sati: Nim. Hiri: Tm. Ottappam: Qu. Alobho: V tham.Adoso: V sn. Tatramajjhattat: Trung tnh hay x. Kyapassaddhi: Tms th thi. Cittapassaddhi: Tm th thi. Kyalahut: Tm s khinh an.Cittalahut: Tm khinh an. Kyamudut: Tm s nhu nhuyn. Cittamudut:Tm nhu nhuyn. Kyakammannat: Tm s thch ng. Cittakammannat:Tm thch ng. Kyapgunnat: Tm s tinh luyn. Cittapgunnat: Tmtinh luyn. Kyujjukat: Tm s chnh trc. Cittujjukat: Tm chnh trc.Eknavsati: 19. Sobhanasdhran: Bin hnh tnh quang tm s.

III. VIT VN.

- 5) Tn, nim, tm, qu, v tham, v sn, trung tnh, tm s th thi, tmth thi, tm s khinh an, tm khinh an, tm s nhu nhuyn, tm nhunhuyn, tm s thch ng, tm thch ng, tm s tinh luyn, tm tinh luyn,tm s chnh trc, tm chnh trc. Nh vy 19 tm s ny gi l Bin hnhtnh quang tm s.


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IV. THCH NGHA.

- 19 tm s ny hin hnh trong tt c tnh quang tm nn gi l bin hnhtnh quang tm s. Lobha, Dosa, Moha c mt nh hng m qung v daong trn con ngi v v vy con ngi mt t ch, mt suy on, tr thnhth cng. Tri li, trong mt tm tnh quang, con ngi lun lun c gictnh. Passaddhi, Luhat, Mudut, Kammannat, Pgunnat v Ujjukat catm v tm s chng t rng ngi lm thin bao gi cng nh nhng, antnh v thanh thot.

1) Saddh: (Tn) t ng cn Sam, tt, kho + dah: t xung, xung nghal t lng tin tng hon ton i vi Tam Bo. c tnh ca tin l khincc tm s cu hu trong sch v hng dn kch thch chng n mt a v

cao hn. Khi c lng tin th cc phin no nghi ng tiu sch, nh hn ngclm nc trong. Khi c lng tin th c s kch thch mun tin ti cc quch cao hn, nh ngi li qua mt khc sng kh li khin ngi khc tinvo li theo. Tn y khng phi l cung tn.

2) Sati: (nim) t ng cn sar tc l nh n. y khng phi l tr nh mch l s gic tnh, nhn thc r rng nhng hnh vi ng nim ca mnh.Sati nu kho luyn tp c th a n tc mng minh. c tnh ca Sati lgn gi khng cho thin php b b qun v cc thin php lun lun cmt. Nn nh l Sati ny khng hin hnh vi tt c loi tm.

3 v 4) Hiri v Ottappa (xem ahiri v anottappa on trc).

5) Alobha v tham, i chng vi Lobha (tham). Alobha c hm ngha dna(b th), mt thi v tha tch cc. Nh mt git nc ri trn l sen vchy tut lun, c tnh ca Alobha l khng lu dnh i tng.

6) Adosa, tri vi Dosa. y khng nhng khng sn m thi, m chnh lmt c tnh tch cc. Adosa ng ngha vi Mett, ngha l lng t. c

tnh ca Adosa l s vng mt ca hn gin bt bnh.

7) Tatramajjhattat: Tatra y, ngha l i vi cc i tng. Majjhattat:ngha l trung tnh, tng ng. c tnh ca tm s ny l xem i tngmt cch v t nh ngi nh xe xem mt cch ng ng mt cp ngakho iu khin. Nhiu khi, Tatramajjhattata l ng ngha vi Upekkh(x) nh trong bn v lng tm. Tm s ny c th thnh mt trong 7 Gic


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Karun (bi), t ng cn Kar (lm) + un, ci lm cho tm ca ngi thinrung ng trc s au kh ca chng sanh gi l karun (bi), ci lm tiutan s au kh ca ngi khc v karun. c tnh ca karun l s cumong dit tr s au kh ca mi ngi.

Mudit (H) t ng cn Mud (hoan h). Khng phi ch cm tnh sung mc s hoan h i i vi cm tnh y. c tnh ca Mudit l s hoan h ivi s giu sang thnh t ca ngi khc. Mudit bao trm tt c chngsanh giu c hnh phc.

Upekkh (x): Upa (v t, chnh xc) + ikkh (thy), tc l thy s vt mtcch v t, khng thng khng ght. Chnh l trng thi thng bng catm tr. c tnh ca Upekkh l mt thi khng thin v, v t.

Pannindriya: Pa (ng n) + n (bit), bit mt cch ng n. c tnhca Hu cn l hiu nh tht. V Pann ch ng v minh v chim a v uthng trong s hiu bit nn gi l hu cn. Theo Abhidhamma, Nna (tr),Pann (Hu) v Amoha (v si) ng ngha vi nhau. Trong cc tm tngng vi tr (nnasampayutta), Tr tc ch cho Pann. L mt trong bn

phng tin chng iddhipda (thn tc thng), Pann c t tn lvmams ngha l suy tm. Khi c Samdhi lm cho trong sch, Pannc gi l Abhinn (Thng tr). Pann cng tr thnh mt trong Tht gicchi (Sattabojjhanga), vi danh hiu Dhammavicaya (Trch php) v thnhSammditthi (chnh kin) trong Magganga. S tt cng ca Pann l s gicng ca c Pht. Pann theo ngha tuyt i l nh tht hiu bit s vttheo ng l v thng (anicca), kh (dukkha) v v ng (anatta).

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TM TT CC TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 8) Ettvat ca,Terasannasamn ca cuddaskusal tath,Sobhan pancavsati dvipannsa pavuccare.

II. THCH VN.


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- Ettvat: Cho n nay, ch on ni v tm s khi bt u cho n nay.Terasa: 13. Annsaman: ng bt ng tm s. Cuddasa: 14. Akusal: Btthin. Tath: Cng vy. Sobhana: Tnh quang. Pancavsati: 25. Dvipannsa:52. Pavuccare: c gi l.

III. VIT VN.

- 8) V cho n y ni 13 ng bt ng tm s (Annasamn), 14 btthin tm s, 25 tnh quang tm s, gi l 52 tm s.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- y l bi k tm tt s lng v cc loi tm s. C tt c l 52 tm s, 13Annasamn (ng bt ng tm s). 14 Bt thin tm s v 25 Tnh quang

tm s.

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PHN HAI - NHNG TM S NO HIN HNH TRONG NHNGTM NO

I. PLI VN.

-9) Tesam cittviyuttnam yathyogamito param,Cittuppdesu paccekam sampayogo pavuccati.Satta sabbattha yujjanti yathyogam pakinnak,Cuddaskusalesveva sobhanesveva sobhan.

II. THCH VN.

- Tesam: Chng n. Cittviyuttnam: Khng ri khi tm tc l tm s.Yathyogam: Ty theo s kt hp. Ito param: T nay n sau. Cittuppdesu:Trong s sinh khi ca tm. Paccekam: Mi mt. Sampayogo: S tng

ng, s kt hp. Pavuccati: c ni n. Satta: By. Sabbattha: Tt c ch.Yujjanti: S kt hp. Pakinnak: Bit cnh tm s. Cuddasa: 14 Akusalesu:Nhng bt thin tm: Sobhanesu: Trong nhng tnh quang tm. Sobhan;Cc tnh quang tm s.

III. VIT VN.


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- 9) S kt hp ca mi tm s ny trong s sanh khi ca nhng tm sc ni n bt u t nay, ty theo s kt hp ca chng. 7 Bin hnh tms c kt hp vi tt c loi tm. 6 Bit cnh tm s s kt hp vi nhngtm no tng ng. 14 Bt thin tm s ch khi trong nhng tm bt thin.25 Tnh quang tm s ch khi trong cc Tnh quang tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- on ny ni n s hin hnh ca mi mi tm s trong nhng tm ckhi ln. 7 Bin hnh tm s l xc, th, tng, t, nht tm, mng cn vtc c mt trong tt c tm. 6 Bit cnh tm Tm, t, thng gii, tinh tn,h, dc c mt trong nhng tm chng tng ng. 14 Bt thin tm s cmt trong 12 Bt thin tm, v 25 Tnh quang tm s c mt trong tt c 59hay 91 Tnh quang tm.

---o0o---

7 BIN HNH TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 10) Katham? Sabba-cittasdhran tva satta cetasik sabbesu pieknanavuti cittuppdesu labbhanti.

II. THCH VN.

- Katham: Nh th no. Sabbacittasdhran: Bin hnh trong tt c tm.Tva: Trc ht, cho n y. Sattacetasik: 7 tm s. Sabbesu: Trong ttc. Eknanavuti: 89. Cittuppdesu: Trong nhng tm khi ln. Labbhanti:c tm thy.

III. VIT VN.

- 10) Nh th no? Trc ht by bin hnh tm s c tm thy trong ttc 89 tm khi ln.

TM TM S

I. PLI VN


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- 11a) Pakinnakesu pana vitakko tva dvipancavinnnavajjitakmvacaracittesu ceva ekdasasu patthamajjhnacittesu ceti panca

pannsacittesu uppajjati.

II. THCH VN.

- Pakinnakesu: Trong nhng bit cnh tm s. Vitakkho: Tm. Tva: Trcht. Dvipancavinnna: 10 thc. Vajjita Ngoi tr. Kmvacaracittesu: Trongcc dc gii tm. Ekdasasu: Trong 11 tm. Pathamajjhnacittesu: Trongnhng nht thin tm. Pancapannsacittesu: Trong 55 tm. Uppajjati:Khi ln.

III. VIT VN.

- 11a) Trong nhng bit cnh tm s, trc ht l Tm tm s. Tm s nykhi ln trong 55 tm tt c, tc l trong tt c Dc gii tm tr 10 thc vtrong 11 nht thin tm.

IV. THCH VN.

- Vitakka (tm) c mt trong tt c Dc gii tm tr 10 thc trongahetukacitta (v nhn tm). Nhn thc, nh thc, t thc, thit thc, thnthc l nhng tm d thc, nhng cm gic th s khng c suy t nnkhng c Vitakka. K c thin d thc v bt thin d thc nn c 10 thc ttc. Nh vy, tr 10 thc ra, Vitakka c mt trong nhng Dc gii tm nhsau:

Bt thin tm: 12

V nhn tm (18 - 10): 8

Tnh quang tm: 24

Tng cng: 44 Dc gii tm.

Vitakka cng c mt trong 11 nht thin tm:

Sc gii Thin + D thc + Duy tc: 3


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Siu th gii: 8

Tng cng: 11

V Vitakka khng c nh thin v thin cao hn nn ch c 11 nhtthin tm m thi. Nh vy Vitakka c mt trong 55 tm tt c.

---o0o---

T, THNG GII, TINH TN, H V DC

I. PLI VN.

- 11b) Vicro pana tesu ceva ekdasasu dutiyajjhnacittesu ceti

chasatthicittesu jyati.c) Adhimokkho dvipancavinnnacicikicchvajjitacittesu.d) Viriyam pancadvrvajjana-dvipancavinnnasampaticchana-santranavajjitacittesu.e) Pti domanassupekkhsahagata-kyavinnna-catutthajjhnavajjitacittesu.f) Chando ahetukam-momhavajjitacittesu labbhati.

II. THCH VN.

- Vicra: T, Chasatthicittesu: Trong 66 tm. Jyati: Sanh ra, khi ln.Adhimokkho: Thng gii. Dvipancavinnnavicikicchvajjita: Tr 10 thc vnghi tm. Viriyam: Tinh tn. Pancadvrvjjna: Ng mn hng tm.Sampaticchana: Tip th tm. Santrana: Suy c tm. Pti. H. Domanassa:u, Sahagata: Cu hu. Catutthajjhna: t thin. Chando: Dc. Ahetuka:V nhn tm. Momha: Si tm. Labbhati: c.

III. VIT VN.

- 11b) Tm s Vicra (t) sanh khi trong 66 tm tt c, tc l thm 11

nh thin tm. Tm s Adhimokkha (thng gii) c tm thy trong tt ctm, tr 10 thc v nghi tm. Tm s Viriyam (tinh tn) c tm thy trongtt c tm, tr ng mn hng tm, 10 thc, lnh th tm v suy c tm.Tm s Pti (h) c tm thy trong tt c tm, tr cc tm cu hu vi u,cu hu vi x, thn thc v t thin tm. Tm s Chanda (dc) c tmthy trong tt c tm tr cc v nhn tm v si tm.


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IV. THCH NGHA.

- Vicra c mt trong 55 tm k trn v cng vi 11 nh thin tm, thnhc thy l 66 tm, v Vicra ch c n nh thin nn khng c trong ccthin tm cao hn. Adhimokkha khng th c mt trong tm nghi ng(Vicikicch), li khng c trong 10 thc, v 10 tm ny ch l cm gicsung. Nh vy tr 11 tm trn. Adhimokkha c mt trong 89 - 11: 78 tm.Viriya khng th c mt trong Pancadvrvajjna (ng mn hng tm), 10thc tm, tip th tm, suy c tm, v chng qu yu t c th c Viriya.

Nh vy Viriya ch c mt trong 89 - 16: 73 tm. Pti (h) khng th c mttrong nhng tm sau y:

1) Domanassa-sahagata (tng ng vi vi u): 2

2) Upekkhsahagata (tng ng vi x) Lobha (tham): 4Moha (si): 2Ahetuka-akusala-vipka (v nhn bt thin d thc): 6Ahetuka-kusala-vipka (v nhn thin d thc): 6Ahetuka-kiriy (v nhn duy tc): 2Kmvacarasobhana (Dc gii tnh quang tm): 12 ng thin (sc + v sc + siu th): 23

3) Kya-vinnna (Thn thc, kh v lc): 24) t thin (sc + siu th): 11

Tng cng: 70

Nh vy Pti ch c mt trong 121 - 70: 51 tm. Pti l 1 phn t ca thinnn dng phn loi 121 tm. Chanda (dc) khng th c mt trong 18ahetuka (v nhn tm) v 2 si tm (momha). Nh vy Chanda ch c mttrong 89 - 20: 69 tm.

---o0o---

TOT YU

I. PLI VN.

- 12) Te pana cittuppd yathkkamam.Chasatthi pancapannsa ekdasa ca solasa,Sattati vsati ceva pakinnakavivajjit.


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Pancapannsa chasatthitthasattati tisattati,Ekapannsa ceknasattati sapakinnak.

II. THCH VN.

- Te cittuppd: Nhng tm y. Yathkkamam: Theo th t. Chasatthi: 66.Pancapannsa: 55. Ekdasa: 11. Solasa: 16. Sattati: Vsati: 20.Pakinnakavivajjit: Khng c nhng bit cnh tm s. Atthasattati: 78Tisattati: 73. Ekapannsa: 51. Eknasattati: 69. Sapakinnak: C bit cnhtm s.

III. VIT VN.

- 12) Nhng tm y theo th t nh sau:

Nhng tm ny khng c nhng bit cnh tm s: 66 tm (khng cVitakka), 55 tm (khng c Vicra), 11 tm (khng c Adhimokkha), 16 tm(khng c Viriyam), 70 tm (khng c Pti) v 20 tm (khng c Chanda).

Nhng tm sau ny c nhng bit cnh tm s. 55 tm (c Vitakka), 66 tm(c Vicra), 78 tm (c Adhimokkha), 73 tm (c Viriyam) 51 tm (c Pti)v 69 tm (c Chanda).

IV. THCH NGHA.

- y l hai bi k nu r s lng nhng tm khng c bit cnh tm s vs lng nhng tm c bit cnh tm s. 66 tm khng c Vitakka, 55 tmkhng c Vicra, 11 tm khng c Adhimokkha, 16 tm khng c Viriyam,70 tm khng c Pti v 20 tm khng c Chanda.

55 tm c Vitakka, 66 tm c Vicra, 78 tm c Adhimokkha, 73 tm cViriyam, 51 tm c Pti v 69 tm c Chanda.

---o0o---

14 BIN HNH BT THIN TM S

I. PLI VN.


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- 13 (a) Akusalesu pana moho, ahirikam, anottappam, uddhaccam ceticattrome cetasik sabbkusalasdhran nma. Sabbesu pi dvdaskusalesulabbhanti.

II. THCH VN.

- Akusalesu: Trong nhng bt thin tm s. Moho: Si. Ahirikam: V tm.Anottappam: V qu. Uddhaccam: Tro c. Cattri: Bn. Ime + cetasik:

Nhng tm s ny. Sabba-akusalasdhran: Nht th bt thin tm binhnh tm s. Sabbesu dvdaskusalesu: Trong tt c 12 bt thin tm.Labbhanti: c tm thy.

III. VIT VN.

- 13a) Si, v tm, v qu, tro c, bn tm s ny gi l nht th bt thinbin hnh tm s. Nhng tm s ny c tm thy trong tt c 12 bt thintm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Do si (moha), con ngi sanh tham v sn, lm tt c nhng iu c. Vvy, Si l ngun gc ca tt c vic bt thin c mt trong tt c 12 bt thintm. Con ngi khng c tm, khng c qu nn lm tt c nhng iu c,v vy v tm, v qu c tm thy trong 12 bt thin tm. Con ngikhng lm iu c trong khi thn tm an tnh v iu ha. Ch khi no tmtr lon ng, con ngi lm iu bt thin. V vy Uddhacca (tro c) cmt trong 12 bt thin tm.

---o0o---

THAM, T KIN V MN TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 13b) Lobho atthasu lobhasahagatacittasveva labbhati. Ditthi catusuditthigatasampayuttesu. Mno catusu ditthigatavippayuttesu.

II. THCH VN.

- Lobho: Tham Ditthi: T kin. Mno: Mn.


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III. VIT VN.

- 13b) Tham c tm thy trong tm tm cu hu vi tham. T kin ctm thy trong 4 tm tng ng vi t kin. Mn c tm thy trong 4 tmkhng tng ng vi t kin.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Tham tm tng ng vi Ditthi (t kin) hay i lc vi Mno (mn). Khitm y chu nh hng ca mt s hiu lm, tm y tng ng vi t kin.i khi khng chu nh hng ca t kin, nhng do s t kiu mn camnh v nh vy l tng ng vi mn.

---o0o---

SN, TT, XAN, HI, HN TRM, THY MIN TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 13c) Doso, iss macchariyam, kukkuccam ca dvsu patighacittesu. Thnammiddham pancasu sasankhrikacittesu. Vicikicch vicikicchahagatacitteyeva labbhatti.

II. THCH VN.

- Doso. Sn, Iss: Tt. Macchariyam: Xan, keo kit. Kukkuccam: Hi Dvsupatighacittesu: Trong hai sn tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 13c) Sn, tt, keo kit v hi c tm thy trong hai tm tng ng visn. Hn trm v thy min c tm thy trong nm tm cn c nhc

bo. Nghi c tm thy trong tm tng ng vi nghi.

TOT YU

I. PLI VN.

- 14) Sabbpunnesu cattro lobhamle tayo gat,


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Dosamlesu cattro sasankhre dvayam tath.Vicikicch vicikicchcitte ceti cuddasa,Dvdaskusalesveva sampayujjanti pancadh.

II. THCH VN.

- Sabba: Tt c. Apunnesu: Trong cc bt thin tm. Cattro: Bn (moha,ahirika, anottappa v uddhacca). Tayo: Ba tm s. (Lobha, ditthi v mna).Gat: i, c. Lobhamle: Tm c cn bn tham. Dosamlesu: Trong nhngtm c cn bn sn. Cattro: Bn tm s Dosa, Iss, macchariyam vkukkucca. Sasankhre: Tm cn c nhc bo. Dvayam: Hai tm s Thnav Middha. Vicikicch: Nghi. Cuddasa: 14. Dvdaskusalesu: Trong 12 btthin tm. Sampayujjanti: Tng ng. Pancadh: 5 loi.

III. VIT VN.

- 14) Bn tm s (si, v tm, v qu, tro c) c mt trong tt c 12 bt thintm. Ba tm s (tham, t kin v mn) c mt trong cc tm c cn bntham. B tm s (sn, tt, xan v hi) c mt trong nhng sn cn. Hai tms (hn trm v thy min) c mt trong nhng cn cn c nhc bo. Tms nghi c mt trong nhng tm tng ng vi nghi. Nh vy 14 tm s hpkhi trong 12 bt thin tm theo nm loi.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cu k bi ny tm tt s c mt ca 14 bt thin tm s trong 12 bt thintm.

---o0o---

BIN HNH THIN TM S V TIT CH TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 15a) Sobhanesu pana sobhanasdhran tva eknavsaticetasik sabbesupi eknasatthi sobhanacittesu samvijjanti. Viratiyo pana tisso pilokuttaracittesu sabbath pi niyat ekato va labbhanti. Lokiyesu panaknvacarakusalesveva kadci sandissanti visum visum.

II. THCH VN.


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- Sobhanesu: Trong nhng tnh quang tm. Sobhana Sdhran: Bin hnhtnh quang tm s. Eknavsati: 19. Eknasatthisobhanacittesu: Trong 59tnh quang tm. Samvijjanti: C mt. Tisso viratiyo: 3 tit ch tm s.Sabbath: Trong tt c ch. Niyat: Chc chn, lun lun. Ekato: Mt lnvi nhau. Labbhanti: c tm thy. Lokiyesu: Trong dc gii.Kmvacarakusalesu: Trong nhng Dc gii thin tm. Kadci: Ty lc, ikhi. Sandissanti: c thy, c Visum visum: Ring bit.

III. VIT VN.

- 15a) Trc ht 19 Bin hnh Tnh quang tm s c mt trong 59 Tnhquang tm. Ba tit ch tm s (chnh ng, chnh nghip, chnh mng) cmt lun lun v cng mt ln trong cc Siu th tm. Cn Dc gii,

chng khi trong cc Dc gii thin tm ty lc v ring bit.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- 19 Bin hnh Tnh quang tm s c tm thy trong 59 Tnh quang tm(24 Dc gii tm + 15 Sc gii tm + 12 V sc gii tm + 8 Siu th tm).3 tit ch tm s ch c trong 8 Dc gii thin tm v trong 8 Siu th tm,nh vy c trong 16 tm tt c. Trong Siu th tm, ba tm s ny hin khimt ln v lun lun c mt, cn trong Dc gii thin tm, chng khi ring

bit v ty lc.

---o0o---

V LNG TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 15b) Appamannyo pana dvdasasu pancamajjhnavajjitamahaggatacittesuceva kmvacarakusalesu ca Sahetukakmvacarakriycittesu ceti

atthavsaticittesveva kadci nn hutv jyanti. Upekkhsahagatesu panetthakarun mudit na santi ti keci vadanti.

II. THCH VN.

- Appamannyo V lng tm s. Dvdasasu Mahaggatacittesu: Trong 12i hnh tm. Pancamajjhnavajjita: Tr cc ng thin tm.


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Kmvacarakusalesu: Trong cc Dc gii thin tm.Sahetukakmcavarakriycittesu: Trong cc Hu nhn Dc gii Duy tctm. Atthavsaticittesu: Trong 28 tm. Kadci: Ty lc. Nn: Khc, saikhc. Jyanti: Sanh ra. Upekkhsahagatesu: Trong nhng tm cu hu vix. Karun: Bi. Mudit: H. Na santi: Khng c. Keci: Mt vi ngi.Vadanti: ni, thuyt.

III. VIT VN.

- 15b) Cc v lng tm s khi ln ty lc v ring bit trong 28 tm sauy: i hnh tm t 15 ng thin tm, 8 Dc gii thin tm, 8 Hu nhnDc gii duy tc tm. C vi v c kin rng Bi v H khng th khitrong nhng tm cu hu v x.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Karum (bi) l lng thng xt trc s au kh ca ngi khc; vMudit (h) l s hoan h i vi s hng thnh ca ngi khc. Chngc gi l v lng v chng bao trm v lng chng sanh trn th gii.Chng khi ln ty lc v ring bit, v c hai khng th ng khi mt ln.Cc tm Mahaggata (i hnh) c tt c l 27 (Sc gii 15 v V sc gii12). Tr 15 ng thin tm, nn ch cn 12 tm.

---o0o---

HU CN TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 15c) Pann pana dvdasasu nnasampayuttakmvacaracittesu cevasabbesu pancatimsamahaggat lokuttaracittesu ceti sattacattlsacittesusampayogam gacchatti.

II. THCH VN.

- Pann: Hu Dvdasasu: Trong 12. Nnasampayutta-kmvacaracittesu:Trong nhng Dc gii tm tng ng vi tr. Sabbesu: Trong tt c.Pancatimsamahaggatalokuttaracittesu: Trong 35 i Hnh v Siu th tm.Sattacattlsacittesu: Trong 47 tm. Sampayogam gacchanti: ng khi lnvi.


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III. VIT VN.

- 15c) Hu cn khi ln trong 47 cn nh sau: 12 Dc gii tm tng ngvi tr, v tt c 35 i hnh tm v Siu th tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Hu cn (Pannindriya) c khi ln trong 47 cn nh sau:

Nnasampayuttakmvacara (kusula + vipka + kriy): 12

Mahaggata + Lokuttara (15 + 12 + 8): 35

Tng cng: 47

---o0o---TOT YU

I. PLI VN.

- 16) Eknavsati dhamm jyanteknasatthisu.Tayo solasacittesu atthavsatiyam dvayamPann paksit sattacattlsavidhesu pi,Sampayutt catuddhevam Sobhaneseva Sobhan.

II. THCH VN.

- knavsati: 19 Dhamm: Php Jyanti: Sanh ra. Eknasatthisu: Trong 59tm. Tayo: Ba. Solasacittesu: Trong 16 tm. Atthavsatiyam: Trong 28 tm.Dvayam: Hai. Pann: Tr. Paksit: c gii thch. Sattacattlsavidhesu:Trong 47 tm. Sampayutt: Tng ng. Catuddhevam: 4 phn. Sobhanesu:Trong Tnh quang tm. Sobhan: Cc Tnh quang tm s.

III. VIT VN.

- 16) 19 php sanh ra trong 59 tm. Ba php sanh ra trong 16 tm, 2 phpsanh ra trong 28 tm. Hu c tm thy trong 47 tm. Nh vy cc Tnhquang tm s tng ng vi cc Tnh quang tm theo 4 phn loi.


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IV. THCH NGHA.

- Bi k ny tm tt s sanh khi cc tnh quang tm s trong cc tnh quangtm.

Cc Tnh quang tm s ch hin khi trong cc Tnh quang tm (Sobhana)nh sau:

1) 19 Bin hnh (Sobhana sdhran) trong tt c 59 Tnh quang tm.

2) 3 tm s chnh ng, chnh nghip, chnh mng trong 16 Thin tm (8Dc gii thin tm + 8 Siu th thin tm).

3) Hai tm s Bi v H (Karun + mudit) c mt trong 28 tm (Mahaggata,

(tr ng thin) 12 + Kmvacarakusala 8 + Sahetukakmvacarakriy 8).

4) Hu tm s c mt trong 47 tm (Nnasampayuttakmvacara 12 +Mahaggata 27 + Lokuttara 8).

---o0o---

PHN BA - LOI TM NO C NHNG LOI TM S NO V BAONHIU TM S

I. PLI VN.

- 17) Iss-macchera-kukkucca-Virati-karundayo.Nn kadci mno ca thna-middham tath saha.Yathvuttnusrena ses niyatayogino,Sangaham ca pavakkhmi tesan dni yathraham.

II. THCH VN.

- Tt. Macchera: Xan tham. Kukkucca: Hi. Virati: Tit ch tm.Karundayo: Bi v.v... Nn: Ring bit. Kdci: Ty lc. Mno: Mn.Thnamiddham: Hn trm thy min. Tath: Nh vy. Saha: Vi.Yathvuttnusrena: Theo nh ni trc. Ses: Cn li. Niyatayogino:Ch nh sn. Sangaham: S phi hp. Pavakkhmi: Ti ni n. Tesan:Ca chng, ch cho cc tm s. Dni. Nay Yathraham: Ty theo thch hp.


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III. VIT VN.

- 17) Tt, xan tham, hi (3) Tit ch tm s, (2) v lng tm s v mnkhi ln ring bit v ty lc. Hn trm v thy min cng khi vi nhaumt ln. Cn nhng tm s cn li khi ln ti nhng ch nh sn nh ni n trc. Nay ti ni n s phi hp ca chng.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cc Tm s cn li tc l 52 - 11 = 41 tm s, nhng tm s ny khi lntrong nhng tm nh sn, nh ni trong chng trc.

---o0o---

S PHI HP CHUNG CA CC LOI TM

I. PLI VN.

- 18) Chattimsnuttare dhamm pancatimsa mahaggate.Atthatimspi labbhanti kmvacarasobhane.Sattavsatyapunnamhi dvdashetuke ti ca,Yathsambhavayogena pancadh tattha sangaho.

II. THCH VN.

- Chattimsa: 36. Anuttare: Trong siu th tm. Pancatimsa: 35 Mahaggate:Trong i hnh tm. Atthatimsa: 38 Labbhanti: c tm thy.Kmvacarasobhane: Trong nhng tm tnh quang Dc gii. Sattavsati:27. Apunnamhi: Trong nhng bt thin tm. Dvdasa: 12 tm s. Ahetuke:Trong v nhn tm. Yathsambhavayogena: Ty theo s sanh khi.Pancadh: C nm phn. Tattha: y. Sangaho: S phi hip.

III. VIT VN.

- 18) y s phi hip cc tm s ty theo s sanh khi ca chng c nmphn nh sau: 36 tm s phi hp vi Siu th tm, 35 tm s phi hip vii hnh tm, 38 tm s phi hip cc Dc gii tnh quang tm, 27 tm s

phi hip vi 12 bt thin tm, v 12 tm s phi hip vi v nhn tm.


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VI SIU TH TM

I. PLI VN.

- 19) Katham? Lokuttaresu tva atthasu pathamajjhnikacittesu annasamnterasa cetasik, appamannvajjit tevsati sobhanacetasik ceti chattimsadhamm sangaham gacchanti. Tath dutiyajjhnikacittesu vitakkavajj.Tatiyajjhnikacittesu vitakkavicravajj. Catutthajjhnikacittesuvitakkavicraptivajj. Pancamajjhnikacittesu upekkhsahagat te evasangayhantti. Sabbath pi atthasu lokuttaracittesu pancakajjhnavasena

pancadh va sangaho hotti.

II. THCH VN.

- Katham: Sao. Lokuttaresu: Trong nhng siu th tm. Tva: Trc ht.Atthasu Patthamajjhnikacittesu: Trong 8 nht thin tm. Annasamncetasik: ng bt ng tm s. Terasa: 13 Appamannvajjit: Tr v lngtm s. Tevsati: 23 Sobhanacetasik: Tnh quang tm s. Chattimsa: 36.Sangaham gacchanti: Phi hp. Dutiyajjhnikacittesu: Trong nh thintm. Vitakkavajj: Tr tm. Tatiyajjhnikacittesu: Trong tam thin tm.Vitakkavicravajj: Tr tm, t. Catutthajjhnikacittesu: Trong t thintm. Vitakkavicra-ptivajj: Tr tm, t v h. Pancamajjhnikacittesu:Trong ng thin tm. Upekkhsahagat: Tng ng vi x. Te: Chng

n. Sangayhanti: c phi hp.

III. VIT VN.

- 19) Sao? Trong nhng Siu th nht thin tm, 13 ng tm s, 23 tnhquang tm s tr 2 v lng tm s, nh vy c tt c 36 tm s. Cng vytrong nhng Siu th nh thin tm, tr Tm tm s, trong nhng siu th tam thin tm, tr tm, t v h tm s, trong nhng siu th ng thintm, thm vo x tm s. Nh vy, trong 8 siu th tm s phi hp cc tms chia thnh 5 loi, ty theo 5 thin.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- 36 Tm s phi hp vi 8 siu th nht thin tm nh sau:

ng bt ng tm s (Annasamn): 13


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Tnh quang tm s tr 2 v lng tm: 23

Tng cng: 36

Bi v H ly chng sanh lm i tng, nn khng khi trong cc siu thtm v nhng tm ny ly Nit bn lm i tng. 35 tm s phi hp vi 8Siu th nh thin tm, ch tr c Tm tm s khng c trong nh thin.34 tm s phi hp vi 8 Siu th tam thin, tr t tm s khng c mttrong tam thin. 33 tm s phi hp vi 8 Siu th t thin, tr tm, t,h tm s khng c mt trong t thin. 33 tm s phi hp vi 8 Siu thng thin, vi x tm s thay th lc tm s.

---o0o---TOT YU

I. PLI VN.

- 20) Chattimsa pancatimstha catuttimsa yathkkamam.Tettimsa-dvayamiccevam pancadhnuttare thit.

II. THCH VN.

- Chattimsa: 36 Pancatimsa: 35. Catuttimsa: 34. Yathkkamam: Theo thlp. Tettimsa: 33. Dvayam: 2. Iccevam: (iti + evam): Nh vy. Pancadh:C 5 loi. Anuttare: Siu th tm. Thit: Thit lp.

III. VIT VN.

- 20) Ty theo th t, 36 tm s, 35 tm s, 34 tm s, 33 tm s trong haithin tm c phi hp trong cc siu th tm theo 5 loi thin tm.

---o0o---

VI I HNH TM

I. PLI VN.

- 21) Mahaggatesu pana tsu pathamajjhnikacittesu tva annasamn terasacetasik viratittaya-vajjit dvvsati sobhanacetasik ceti pancatimsa


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dhamm sangaham gacchanti. Karunmudit panettha paccekamevayojetabb.

Tath dutiyajjhnikacittesu vitakkavajj.Tatiyajjhnikacittesu vitakka-vicravajj.Catutthajjhnikacittesu vitakka-vicraptivajj.Pancamajjhnikacittesu pana pannarasasu appamannyo na labbhantti...Sabbath pi sattavsatimahaggatacittesu pancakajjhnavasena pancadh vasangaho hotti.

II. THCH VN.

- Mahaggattesu: Trong nhng i hnh tm. Tsu pathama-jjhnikacittesutva: Trc ht trong 3 nht thin tm. Annasamn terasa cetasik: 13

ng bt ng tm s. Viratittayavajjit: Tr ba tit ch tm s. DvvsatiSobhanacetasik: 22 tnh quang tm s. Pancatimsa dhamm sangahamgacchanti: 35 php phi hp nhau. Karunmudit: Bi v h. Panettha (Panaettha): ni y. Paccekameva yojetbb: Phi phi hp ring. Pannarasasu:Trong 15. Appamannyo: 2 v lng tm s. Na labbhanti: Khng c tmthy. Sattavsati: 27. Pancakajjhnavasena: Chia theo 5 thin. Pancadh: C5 phn. Sangaho: S phi hp.

III. VIT VN.

- 21) Tm li, trong 27 i hnh tm, cc tm s phi hp vi 5 Thin theo5 phn loi nh sau:

Trong 3 nht thin tm, c 35 tm s phi hp: 13 ng bt ng tm s,cng vi 22 tnh quang tm s, tr ba tit ch tm s. Bi v H phi hpring nhau.

Cng vy, trong nh thin tm, tr tm.

Trong tam thin tm, tr tm v t.

Trong tam thin tm, tr tm, t v h.

Trong 15 ng thin tm, khng c hai v lng tm s.

IV. THCH NGHA.


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- Trong i hnh tm, 35 tm s sau y phi hp trong ba nht thintm (Kusala + Vipka + Kriy Thin + D thc + Duy Tc).

ng bt ng tm s (7 nht th bin hnh tm + 6 bit cnh): 13

Tnh quang tm s (tr ba tit ch tm): 22

Tng cng: 35

Bi v H n ring nhau. 3 Tit ch tm s khng c trong cc thin tm, vqu ch tm trn cc i tng tu hnh. Trong ba nh thin tm, tr tm,ch c 34 tm s. Trong tam thin tm, tr tm v t, ch c 33 tm s.Trong t thin tm, tr tm, t v h, ch c 32 tm s. Trong 15 ng

thin tm khng c h v lc, v nhng tm ny cu hu vi x nn ch c32 - 2 = 30 tm s. Nh vy, cc tm s, phi hp vi 27 i hnh tm, theo5 thin, di 5 phn loi.

---o0o---TOT YU

I. PLI VN.

- 22) Panca-timsa catuttimsa tettimsa ca yathkkamam.Battimsa ceva timseti pancadh va mahaggate.

II. THCH VN.

- Pancatimsa: 35 Catuttimsa: 34 Tettimsa: 33. Yathkkaman: Ty theo tht. Battimsa: 32 Timsati: 30. Pancadh: 5 phn loi. Mahaggate: Trong ihnh tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 22) Trong cc i hnh tm, theo 5 phn loi, 35, 34, 33, 32, v 30 tm s,ty theo th t phi hp vi cc tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cu k ny tng kt s phi hp cc tm s trong cc i hnh tm.


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- 23) Trong Dc gii tnh quang thin tm trong cp u, 38 tm s phi hpnh sau: 13 ng bt ng tm s v 25 Tnh quang tm s. V lng tms v tit ch tm s phi hp ring bit. Trong cp th hai, cng mt s tms tng t, tr tr. Trong cp th ba, tng ng vi tr nhng khng c h.Trong cp th t, khng c tr v h. Trong Duy tc tm s phi hp chiathnh bn cp, trong 4 trng hp v trong nhng tm ny khng c tit chtm s. Cng vy trong cc d thc tm, khng c v lng tm s v titch tm s. Nh vy cc tm s trong Dc gii Tnh quang tm c phihp theo 12 cp.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Trong 24 Dc gii Tnh quang thin tm, mt s tng t cc tm s phi

hp trong cc tm khng cn nhc bo v cn c nhc bo. S phi hpchia thnh 12 cp:

4 cp trong thin tm,4 cp trong D thc tm v4 cp trong Duy tc tm.

---o0o---TRONG 8 THIN TM:

38 tm s phi hp trong cp u (Somanassasahagatannasampayuttaasankhrika, sasankhrika: Cu hu vi H, tng ng vi tr, khng cnnhc bo, cn c nhc bo).

ng bt ng tm s: 13

Tnh quang tm s: 25

Tng cng: 38

Bi, h, chnh ng, chnh nghip v chnh mng khi ln ring bit, khngphi hai tm s mt ln. Nh vy, tht ch c 34 tm s khi ln trong mttm.


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Trong cp th hai cu hu h, khng tng ng vi tr, khng cn nhc bo,cn c nhc bo (Somanassasahagata, nnavippayutta, asankhrika,sasankhrika), khng c tr, nn ch c: 38 - 1 = 37 tm s.

Trong cp th ba, cu hu vi x, tng ng vi tr, khng cn nhc bo,cn c nhc bo (Upekkh-sahagata, nnasampayutta asankhrika,sasankhrik) (Tr: nna) c mt nhng (H: Pti) khng c. Nh vy ch c37 tm s.

Trong cp th t cu hu vi x, khng tng ng vi tr, khng cn nhc bo, cn c nhc bo (Upekkhsahagata, nnavippayutta, asankhrika,sasankhrik) nna v Pti u khng c mt. Nh vy ch c 38 - 2 = 36tm s.

---o0o---TRONG 8 DUY TC TM:

3 Virati (Tit ch tm s) khng c trong tm ca v A la hn. Nh vy, cctm s 8 Duy tc tm cng ng vi 8 thin tm, tr 3 tit ch tm s. Ccv A la hn dit tr (Tanh (i) v chng Nit bn, nn 3 Tit ch khngc nh hng.

Cp th nht: 38 - 3 = 35Cp th hai: 37 - 3 = 34Cp th ba: 37 - 3 = 34Cp th t: 36 - 3 = 33

---o0o---TRONG 8 D THC TM:

2 V lng tm s v 3 Tit ch tm s khng c mt trong cc D thc tm.Nh vy cng ng mt s tm s nh trong Thin tm, tr 5 tm s.

Cp th nht: 38 - 5 = 33Cp th hai: 37 - 5 = 32Cp th ba: 37 - 5 = 32Cp th t: 36 - 5 = 31

TOT YU---o0o---


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Cc Dc gii thin tm s c th phi hp vi mt trong 3 tit ch tm trongmt thi, c th tng ng vi Tr (nna) hay khng, c th cu hu vi h(Somanassa) hay khng.

---o0o---

VI BT THIN TM - 4 BT THIN TM U TIN

I. PLI VN.

- 25) Akusalesu pana lobhamlesu tva pathame asankhrike annasamnterasa cetasik, akusalasdhran cattro cti sattarasa lobhaditthhi saddhimeknavsat dhamm sangaham gacchanti.

Tatheva dutiye asankhrike lobhamnena. Tatiye tatheva ptivajjitlobhaditthhi saha atthrasa. Catutthe tatheva lobhamnena.

II. THCH VN.

- Akusalesu lobhamlesu: Trong nhng bt tham thin tm Pathameasankhrike: Trong tm th nht khng cn c nhc bo.Akusalasdhran cattro cti: V 4 Bt thin bin hnh tm s.Lobhaditthhi saddhim: Cng vi tham v t kin. Eknavsati: 19,Sangaham gacchanti: Phi hp vi nhau. Dutiye asankhrik: Trong nhtm khng cn c nhc bo. Lobhamnena: Tham vi mn.

III. VIT VN.

- 25) Trong nht tm khng cn c nhc bo ca cc tham tm btthin, c 19 tm s phi hp nh sau: 13 ng bt ng tm s, 4 bt thin

bin hnh tm s v tham cng t kin tm s.

Cng vy, trong nh tm khng cn nhc bo, c tham v mn tm s.

Cng vy trong tam tm khng cn nhc bo c 18 tm s, tr h, ctham v t kin. Trong t tm khng cn nhc bo, cng (mt s tm s),c tham v mn.

IV. THCH NGHA.


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- Trong tm khng cn nhc bo th nht, v tng ng vi t kin v thuctham tm nn c tm s tham v t kin. Trong tm th hai khng cn nhc

bo, v khng tng ng vi t kin nn t kin c mn tm s thay th.Trong tm th ba khng cn nhc bo ch c 19 tm s, c t kin nhngkhng c h. Trong tm th t khng cn nhc bo, cng ch c 18 tm sm thi.

---o0o---

VI TM TH 5 V 5 TM CN C NHC BO

I. PLI VN.

- 26) Pancame pana patighasampayutte asankhrike doso, iss,

macchariyam, kukkuccam ceti cathi saddhim ptivajjt te eva vsatidhamm sangayhanti. Issmaccherakukkuccni panettha paccekam evayojetabbni. Sasankhrikapancake pi tatheva athnamiddhena visesetvyojetabb.

II. THCH VN.

- Pancame patighasampayutte asankhrike: Trong tm th 5 khng cn nhcbo, tng ng vi sn. Doso, iss, macchariyam, kukhuccam: Sn, tt, xantham, hi. Paccekam: Mi mt, ring bit. Yojetabbni: c phi hp.Sasankhrika pancake: Trong 5 tm cn c nhc bo. Thnamiddhena: Cthy min v hn trm. Visesetv: Sau khi phn bit.

III. VIT VN.

- 26) Trong tm th nm khng cn nhc bo tng ng vi sn c 20 tms phi hp, tc l tr h v c 4 tm s: sn, tt, xan tham v hi. Tt, xantham, hi phi hp ring bit. Trong 5 tm cn c nhc bo, cng c mts tm s tng t, ch thm vo thy min v hn trm.

VI. THCH NGHA.

- 20 tm s phi hp vi tm th nm khng cn nhc bo nh sau:

ng bt ng tm s tr h: 12


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Bt thin bin hnh tm s: 4

Sn, tt, xan tham, hi: 4

Tng cng: 20 tm s

Trong 5 tm cn c nhc bo, s tm s ging nhau vi cc tm khngcn nhc bo, ch khc v cn c nhc bo nn phi thm hai tm s hntrm v thy min vo. Nh vy s tm s nh sau:

1) 19 + 2 = 21 (vi tham v t kin)

2) 19 + 2 = 21 (vi tham v mn)

3) 18 + 2 = 20 (vi tham v t kin)

4) 18 + 2 = 20 (vi tham v mn)

5) 20 + 2 = 22 (vi sn, tt, xan tham v hi)

Trong cc ng bt ng tm s, khng c Pti (h) trong ba tm cui.

---o0o---

VI HAI SI TM V TNG KT

I. PLI VN.

- 27) Chandaptivajjit pana annasamn ekdasa, akusalasadhran cattroc ti pannarasa dhamm uddhaccasahagate sampayujjanti.Vicikicchsahagatacitte ca adhimokkha-virahit vicikicchsahagat tatheva

pannarasa-dhamm samupalabbhant ti. Sabbath pidvdaskusalacittuppdesu paccekam yojiyamn pi gananavasena sattadh

va sangahit bhavant ti.

II. THCH VN.

- Chandaptivajjit: Tr dc v h. Sampayujjanti: Phi hp. Adhimokkha-virahit: Tr thng gii. Samupalabbhanti: c tm thy. Sabbath: Tng


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kt. Paccekam yojiyamn: S phi hp mi mi tm. Gananavasena: Tytheo s lng. Sattadh: C 7 phn. Sangahit: c phi hp.

III. VIT VN.

- 27) Trong tm tng ng vi tro c, 15 tm s phi hp tt c; 11 ngbt ng tm s tr dc v h, cng vi 4 Tm thin bin hnh tm s.Trong tm tng ng vi nghi, tr thng gii tm s, nhng cu hu vinghi, c 15 tm s phi hp. Tng kt, trong 12 bt thin tm, ty theo slng ca cc tm s phi hp vi mi tm, s phi hp c hnh thnhtheo 7 phn loi.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Trong tm tng ng vi tro c, khng th c Chanda (Dc) v tm nymui lc v khng hot ng. Tm ny khng c h v cu hu vi x.Trong tm tng ng vi nghi, khng c thng gii nhng c nghi nn c 15tm s. 7 phn loi c chia nh sau:

19 tm s (khng cn nhc bo, Tham, th nht, th ba)

18 tm s (khng cn nhc bo, Tham, th nm, th by)

20 tm s (khng cn nhc bo, Sn, th nht)

21 tm s (cn c nhc bo, Tham, th hai v th t)

20 tm s (cn c nhc bo, Tham, th su v th tm)

22 tm s (cn c nhc bo, Sn, th hai)

15 tm s (Si tm, th nht v th hai)

---o0o---

NHNG TM S PHI HP VI TT C BT THIN TM

I. PLI VN.

- 28) Eknavsatthrasa vsekavsa vsati.


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Dvvsa pannaraseti sattadhkusale thit.Sdhran ca cattro samn ca daspare,Cuddasete pavuccanti sabbkusalayogino.

II. THCH VN.

- Eknavsa: 19. Atthrasa: 18. Vsa: 20. Ekavsa: 21. Vsati: 20. Dvvsa:22. Pannarasa: 15. Sattadh: 7 phn. Akusale thit: c tm thy trong cctm bt thin. Sdhran Cattro: 4 Bt thin - bn hnh. Samn daspare:Thm 10 ng bt ng tm s: Cuddasa: 14. Ete: Nhng tm s y.Sabbkusalayogino: Phi hp vi tt c bt thin tm.

III. VIT VN.

- 28) 19, 18, 20, 21, 22, 15 tm s phi hp theo by loi vi cc tm btthin. 4 bt thin bin hnh tm s cng vi 10 ng bt ng tm s, nhvy 14 tm s phi hp vi tt c bt thin tm.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Cu k u tm tt s lng cc tm s phi hp vi 12 bt thin tm theo7 loi: Cu k th hai ni n 14 tm s c mt trong tt c 12 bt thin tm.14 tm s y l 4 Bt thin bin hnh tm s, cng vi 10 ng bt ngtm s tr Dc, h v thng gii.

---o0o---

VI V NHN TM

I. PLI VN.

- 29) Ahetukesu pana hasanacitte tva chandavajjit annasamn dvdasadhamm sangaham gacchanti.

Tath votthapane chandaptivajjit.Sukkhasantrane chandaviriyavajjit -Manodhtuttikhetukapatisandhiyugale chandaptiviriyavajjit.Dvipancavinnne pakinnakavajjit te yeva sangayhantti.Sabbath pi atthrasasu ahetukesu gananavasena catudh va sangaho hot t.

II. THCH VN.


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- Ahetukesu: Trong cc v nhn tm. Hasanacite: Tiu sanh tm.Chandavajjit: Tr dc. Votthapane: Xc nh tm. Sukkhasantrane: Suyc tm cu hu vi lc. Manodhtuttika: 3 gi tm.Ahetukapatisandhiyugale: Mt cp v nhn kit sanh thc tm.Dvipancavinnne: 10 thc tm. Pakinnakavajjit: Tr bit cnh tm s.Gananavasena: Theo s lng.

III. VIT VN.

- 29) Trong nhng v nhn tm, tiu sanh tm, 12 ng bt ng tm str dc phi hp. Cng vy trong xc nh tm, tr Dc v H. Trong suyc tm cu hu vi h, tr Dc v Tinh tn. Trong ba gii tm c gil mt cp v nhn kit sanh thc, khng c Dc, H v tinh Tn.

Trong 10 thc tm, tr bit cnh tm s, cc tm s khc c phi hp.Tm li, trong 18 v nhn tm, s phi hp chia thnh 4 loi, theo s lngca cc tm s.

IV. THCH NGHA.

- Theo s lng cc tm s phi hp, 18 v nhn tm c chia nh sau:

1) Hasit

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