The Bund Shanghai masterplan

The Bund

Shanghai

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INTRODUCTION

The cycles of change

LIST OF FIGURES/ DRAWINGSFig. 1 Shanghai Scale Site Opportunities and Constraints Shanghai Scale Site Linkages Shanghai Scale Character Areas The Bund Site Analysis Design Concept Structure Design Concept Macro Scale Design Concept Metro Scale Design Concept Micro Scale Design Concept Movement and Accessibility Fig. 2 Fig. 3 Fig. 4 Fig. 5 Fig. 6 Fig. 7 Fig. 8 Fig. 9

SHANGHAI A CONTEXTAnalysis of city patterns

THE BUND - SITE CONTEXTOpportunities and Constraints

DESIGN INFORMANTSFlights of the Imagination

THE PUBLIC REALM

Fig. 10 Design Concept Macro Accessibility Fig. 11 Design Concept Metro Accessibility Fig. 12 Design Concept Micro Accessibility Fig. 13 Fig. 14 Fig. 15 Fig. 16 Design Concept Land Use Design Concept Flood Defence Strategy The Bund Masterplan Cross-sections and Detail Area Plans

A place of a 1000 spaces

PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPeoples accessibility

LAND USE

The function of place

Fig. 17 Cross-sections 1 Fig. 18 Cross-sections 2 Fig. 19 Cross-sections 3 Fig. 20 Fig. 21 Fig. 22 Fig. 23 Fig. 24 Fig. 25 Fig. 26 Fig. 27 Detailed Area: Cultural Precinct 3D Detailed Area: Cultural Precinct Plan Detailed Area: Peoples Plaza 3D Detailed Area: Peoples Plaza Plan Detailed Area: Civic Square 3D Detailed Area: Civic Square Plan Detailed Area: Meteological Square 3D Detailed Area: Meteological Square Plan Detailed Area: Metro Square 14 3D Detailed Area: Metro Square 14 Plan Masterplan Aerial (Day) Masterplan Aerial (Night) Image Board

FLOOD DEFENCE STRATEGYHolding back the Huangpu

THE SPACES

Sounds + colours of the city

CONCLUSION

APPENDIX

Fig. 28 Fig. 29 Fig. 30 Fig. 31 Fig. 32

Transportation Review

THE SHANGHAI BUND WATERFRONT URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION


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INTRODUCTIONTHE CYCLES OF CHANGENothing remains constant but Change itself The City of Shanghai is experiencing a rate of economic growth, inward migration and city development to date unseen. Traditionally this scale of development has focused on the nature of buildings rather than the spaces between buildings. The redevelopment of the Bund therefore represents an important step in the development of this expanding city as the real value of the public realm is discovered and embellished. The Bund forms part of the unique history of this city, expressing both the past but also allowing views across the river to the future; it is a mid-point between old and new, east and west, traditional and modern it represents the hidden heart of the city; the place to which both residents, national and international tourists alike are drawn to wonder and reflect. This redevelopment therefore needs to draw together both various physical, economic and functional requirements as well as the deeper emotive responses to Place. It is city building at its most challenging. This report therefore focuses on our design exploration as we have tried to understand the existing Bund, its successes and failures; the design is informed by our collective understanding of what makes great places; various professional disciplines have resolved conflicting requirements to ensure a sound urban model that responds to place specific but acknowledges world best practice; and, the design is about the remit of the imagination to ensure an unique development within this important space. This report is structured around the key urban indicators of design, function (land use and transportation) and sustainability. The design represents broad, bold concepts that will require more detailed resolution in order to be realised but are founded in an understanding of construction detailing. Finally, the design is about people. From the onset of this project we have passionately believed that the Bund resolution is not about some Big Idea, some sweeping Grand Statement; we believe that this is a more special area than that, it is A place of a 1000 spaces.

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SHANGHAI - A CONTEXTANALYSIS OF CITY PATTERNSUrban GrainShanghai is one of Chinas largest and greatest commercial and industrial city. It is an exciting and vibrant place that is home to more than 20 million people and attracts an increasing number of new residents and tourists every year, drawn by an image of modern China that constantly reinterprets and reinvents itself at an exceptional speed. It is a city with pace, ambition and willingness to change to recognise international best practice. It is a city of architecturally merited buildings; and yet what of the public realm? The city has historically evolved as a series of enclaves or concession areas reaching into the hinterland while at the same time essentially linked to the river. It is an exceptionally high density city with small, isolated spaces which fill with people from early in the morning till late a night it is a city of people that live, enjoy and experience their lives in the public outdoors. It is this essential requirement that makes the Bund one of the most significant and complex spaces in Shanghai. The Bund is part of a bigger picture, it is the interconnector between water and land, District and District, people and people. It was recognised by the Shanghai Authorities that such a valuable public space needed to be freed from its existing role as a city-wide vehicle corridor and returned to the people of the city and hence to call for People First. The historic British Concession is typical of such urban settlements: a simple grid pattern imposed on a river edge giving maximum water frontage to the trading companies; as the city prospers and the grid pattern expands to facilitate this growth thus setting up a fairly robust city pattern that gives maximum street frontage and flexibility for change. This pattern has stood the test of time well in Shanghai giving the city maximum exposure to the riverscape of the Huang Pu through a series parallel access corridors. These corridors therefore form the basic structure to any design response of the Bund.

2Urban QuartersThe study area adjoins a range of different urban character areas as noted on Fig. . It should be noted that some of these are subject to massive change and consequently the urban analysis of these areas are surface at best. And yet there are some inherent characters differences between the quarters identified. The Huangpu Riverscape The Huangpu is a tidal river with a slight tidal range of two to three meters. However, as our tidal ranges show, it has the ability to absorb massive upriver stormwaters and rise very dramatically. Any design should recognise the essential requirement for flood defence protection against such rising waters. Secondly the sheer width of the river (approx. 2m) posses a strong visual and physical barrier between the two sides; the bend in the river at this point further creates two different water environments with the more aggressive force against the Bund edge. The Huangpu should therefore be seen as both a wonderful asset and a constraint to the redevelopment of the Bund. However, people are naturally drawn to water and intuitively it feels right that the design should engage with this water body. The Puxi District This is the heart of Shanghai representing a high-rise, mixed-use environment. While the grid remains, the nature of the buildings and uses are changing rapidly with ever increasing pressure to go upwards. It is a dynamic part of the city well served by Nanjing Road East as the major people corridor running east west. Historically, central to this part of the city was Renmin Guagchang which served as a large people park. Over time infill developments has corroded this important space into a series of small, isolated spaces with little coherent legibility. The District is economically very successful and socially vibrant and these two essential characteristics will serve the Bund well drawing in new investment into such a central location. The area is well-served by public transport most of which circulates or crosses through the Bund area such elements should be reinforced to enhance accessibility to the Bund.

LandmarksThe Bund area is rich with historic landmark buildings, yet ironically, most people we interviewed on the Bund were not looking west, they were looking east. Without doubt the biggest landmark in Shanghai must be the iconic and inspiring buildings in Podung both featuring during the day but with more amazement at night when the illumination show really begins. However, the other landmark must be the river corridor with its busy activity of small and large boats continually moving along its course; further enhanced by the night time activity of restaurant boats, tourist boats and (unfortunately) moving advertising hoardings. And then the Bund, a collection of classical to art deco buildings uniformly creating a foil to the activity of Podung. It is noted however that this extends only from the Wai Bai Du Bridge to Yanan Road with the intervention of newer buildings along the southern section. Intrinsically the treatment of the northern edge will differ to the southern edge due to the fundamental change in building fabric and use.

AccessWhile the access to the Bund from the Puxi side is well served, and accessibility along the river corridor is being expanded, access to the Pudong District is severely restricted around a limited range of options. In recognition of this constraint, the local authorities are constructing a series of tunnels under the river to improve such connections. While such infrastructure projects are essential to any expanding city, they are costly. Therefore there needs to be a clear commitment within the redevelopment of the Bund to explore as many forms of access possibilities that are feasible; some of these may be traditional forms of water travel, some may be more innovative with a longer financial payback period. Similarly, any redevelopment should strive to ensure a well-connected and legible public transportation strategy that creates an overlap of modal options within the length of the Bund. This will promote accessibility which will in turn provide a greater economic stability to commercial retail, cafes and restaurants that locate within the Bund. Such economic stability brings with it urban vitality and individual choice.



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The Old Town This is China as envisaged in most tourist minds, quaint wood formed buildings set within magnificent landscaped courts exhibiting the cultural heritage of China. While this is true for a small part of this area, this is also the area with the most dynamic trading market, drawing in a host of national and international tourists and local residents. This area is also subject to the most intense form of redevelopment as the historic fine grain of the people city is replaced with the urban block of the car. The study site therefore does not terminate in a historic setting but into a proposed retail centre well served by a national modal interchange complex. This will have both advantages and disadvantages for the Bund. North of Suzhou Creek The Creek naturally creates a divide in the city pattern creating numerous gateway bridges from one urban quarter to another. This is an emerging area with a clear understanding of the importance of maximising the river frontage potential and linkages to the Bund. The buildings fronting the study area are historic and worthy of protection.

The Pudong District This is the modern city layed out on planning principles espoused in the 10s: clear road hierarchy, isolated building elements set within a campus of green landscaping. Buildings are viewed as D objects rather than a collection of urban buildings it is a showcase of architectural excellence and astonishment. While this area strives to attain the mixed-use characteristics of the Puxi District it does host a range of world-class tourist attractions and facilities. The question then is how do you get the people across the river to these attractions we believe that this issue of connectivity is critical to any plan. (See: Fig. 1 Shanghai Scale Site Opportunities and Constraints, Fig. 2 Shanghai Scale Site Linkages, Fig. Shanghai Scale Character Areas)


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OPPORTUNITIES AND CONSTRAINTSSocialA visual and function analysis of the Bund, supported by a visitors survey began to give a slightly different picture (See Appendix). The majority of people visiting the Bund were tourists who came for the view towards Pudong; the predominant activity was walking (%). These two points will have a fundamental impact on the redevelopment.

THE BUND - SITE CONTEXTHistoricThe Bund is one of the most recognisable symbols of Shanghai. Located on the west bank in a bend in the Huangpu, it stretches for approximately 1. kilometers, from Yanan Road in the south to Waibaidu Bridge (formerly Garden Bridge) in the north, which crosses Suzhou Creek. The Bund became the site of some of the earliest foreign settlements after Shanghai was opened as one of five Treaty Ports in the Treaty of Nanjing that ended the Opium War in 12. Because of its proximity to the Yangtze (Changjiang) River, the path into central China, Shanghai grew rapidly as the economic centre of foreign interests. In the latter 1th early 20th century the Bund became the financial and political center of the international community and indeed of much of China. Nearby were located a number of important consulates, including the British, American, Russian and Japanese. The major buildings forming the Bund have changed little externally since the 10s. All were constructed in western-inspired styles, classical, gothic, renaissance, eclectic and modern; a reported seventeen styles forming a museum of international architecture. Here were located, and partially still are, the banks, hotels, exclusive clubs, press organizations and headquarters of international businesses. After the establishment of the Peoples Republic of China in 1 the old tenants were replaced and many of the buildings were converted to other purposes. The nature of the Bund changed and became neglected and disconnected from the rest of the city. Today the Bund is a shadow of what it represented historically and architecturally. It is in fact a busy and frantic movement corridor of the Zhongshan Dongyilu, where the car has taken ownership of the space leaving a narrow strip for the millions of pedestrians to use daily. Its relationship to the water has been interrupted by the m high flood wall and elevated promenade. Its redevelopment it thus timely and apt.

3The IntangibleAnd then there is the magic of place, elements, feelings, moods and thoughts that are evoked by a place and set of arrangements. The redevelopment of the Bund should therefore not strive to be iconic but bland, international but no where. The responsibility of the design should be about capturing that quality, that something that makes the Bund and the city of Shanghai special. (See Fig. The Bund Site Analysis)

The over-welling impression of the Bung is the diversity of people and the absolute sheer number of people that come to the promenade. The lower terraces, adjacent to the road, are almost empty of people with the clearly expressed desire to be at the higher level to enjoy the views. It is a space alive with social interaction as seen in the early morning Tai Chi classes, kite flying and general exercise routines. Around the existing Ferry Building it is a place for pedestrian movement and gathering for the next crossing. The sheer number of people using the space is a true reflection of the importance that the Bund plays in their daily lives. This significance should be encased within the very fundamentals of the redevelopment, as said People First.

EconomicIt was noted that the economic vitality of the existing lower retail shops and newer upper cafes (North) within the Bund promenade was non-existent; the collection of restaurant boats at Yanan Road offered a poor selection of choice which reinforces the understanding that the majority of people come to the Bund as a leisure activity, but not necessarily to spend money. The elevated restaurants and groundfloor retail within the historic buildings appears to be doing well but serve an exclusive clientele which could be expanded on in the right locations. This economic offer may then be able to support a small range of less-expensive commercial offers. It is clear that this is a transitional economic market with a considerable growing middle class with disposable income. The design should therefore understand the need to create retail, caf and restaurant space within the masterplan, realising that this may take time to establish. The design should also recognise that retail et al needs passing footfall in order to remain economically active. The majority of people walk over the top of the existing units with no visual links to the activity below, or incentive to walk along the lower level. Furthermore, the existing width and nature of the road precludes any interactive rapport between the two street edges. Retail, caf and restaurants offers need to be visible with massive passing trade, they should not be isolated elements but require strength by association to flourish.

PhysicalThe actual physical integrity of the Bund structure and flood protection bunker was assumed within this concept stage, this will need to be reviewed in further detailed design stages. Apart from the Heroes Memorial and the Meteological Building, no noteworthy building along the promenade edge was discerned. Effectively this creates a cleared site for the introduction of new architectural elements set within a historic context a very exciting opportunity. This has the possibilities in bringing in buildings/ structures that celebrate the public rather than the private this idea has been explored extensively within our design response.


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DESIGN INFORMANTSFLIGHTS OF THE IMAGINATIONThe Bund Masterplan has been informed by universally accepted principles of good design and by a clear understanding of the uniqueness of place.

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HierarchyNot all spaces can carry an equal weight in terms of urban response and consequently a hierarchy of spaces and corridors begins to emerge out of the existing landscape.

AdaptabilityA successful place must be able to withstand change; the structure should remain but the detail may change over time. Design should therefore recognise the daily cycles of day and night; the seasonal changes; and changing modes/fashions. Adaptability should also accept that people want to engange with their own environment and spaces should be created where such personal interactions can take place.

StructureThe existing city grid and the termination of these routes onto the Bund provided a clear and logical structure to inform the design. These routes are desire lines and orientation points both within the city fabric and along the promenade route and should consequently be noted. The extension of the city grid onto the Bund instantly creates a series on interlinking spaces along the sweep of the river.

GatewaysAn environment is further structured around a series of gateways and markers to guide a sequential experience as people move from one space to another and from one quarter to another.

Continuity and EnclosureSpaces should have a beginning, a form and an exit. In some cases the importance of introducing a ceiling/ roof enclosure (through building roofs or tree canopies) is as important to that spaces as are the edges.

DiversityWithin a changing world, and a rapidly changing society design should allow for diversity; a place with variety and choice.

NodesThe termination of routes creates a powerful point and legibility both east west but now potentially north south. The idea of LightBoxes to denote these points is explored within the design creating a reference point both during the day and at night.

Quality of the Public RealmA citys wealth is understood in it commitment to creating robust public spaces. The quality of design and selection of appropriate and robust materials is part and parcel of the understanding of the value of the public realm to the people of Shanghai. (See Fig. Design Concept Structure)

AccessibilityPeople need to be able to move through cities. But people also need to be able to get to places within a city. A clear strategy of public transportation options and movement is critical to the success of any urban space. The public transportation strategy should be the backbone to any effective redevelopment option for the Bund.

Foci/ LandmarksExisting landmarks within this environment should be used to reinforce the above node point series but also to bring a historic reference into the redevelopment. Both the Heroes Memorial and the Metelogical Building has such memorable value.

Spaces and CorridorsThe study area is expansive covering full 1,km of river frontage. Not all this area can be economically and socially active, nor would we want to design it as such. By overlaying the nodes with the spaces begins to create powerful urban places with real city meaning. However the areas between such spaces are just as significant in creating corridors through which people can move and reflect, be self-creative.

LegibilityPeople need to understand how to read a city and its places; they need a clear mental map in order to navigate. Part of this is enforced by overlaying a series of functions and design informants on top of each other to reinforce a places economic, social and physical interpretation; part of this is about clear and coherent design; and part of this is about an understandable signage strategy.


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A PLACE OF A 1000 SPACESEnergyThe past four chapters have reviewed the site, understood context and tabled coherent design principles that have informed the underlying structure and design of the Masterplan. We now address the implications of this for the very nature of the public realm that we have created: this has been an informed design process between numerous disciplines. The Masterplan is built up along a series of design ideas, each idea supporting and annunciating the former to create a new sustainable city component the Bund.

THE PUBLIC REALMCities are about energy. The design recognises the importance of expressing this energy, namely: Shanghai Energy This is the sheer drive and illumination of the Nanjing East Road experience. The design proposes the pedestrianisation of the remainder road portion between the Nanjing Road East Metro and Zhongshan Dongyilu to extend this activity onto the Bund. A similar design approach and material palette is used to extend this route all the way into the Huangpu itself this is a bold expression and intervention of the City on the river. At night, lighting bands, originating in Nanjing East Road will fan out across the Peoples Plaza and up the various steps to drawn people out and onto the promenade. This energy line terminates in an extensive new public deck, suspended over the water to give greater psychological association with the river. Water Energy Naturally the greatest asset is the river. The design creates a series of interaction points along the Bund edge to vary the experience of looking and using the Huangpu. A new Ferry Terminal Building, Marina, water taxi points and timber decks intersect with the water. People Energy The existing, continual alignment of the promenade has been radically changed, creating a series of sweeping curves that resonate with the flow of the water to provide numerous timber view decks for people to congregate. The waters edge has further been broken up with the timber decks and Nanjing Road pier set at lower levels than the promenade to enhance the walking experience. This walk is now a series of small events of changing character which will draw people along at their own pace of discovery. Green Energy (Yanan Road) Cities are about the interaction of life forms of which landscaping should play a predominant role. With the removal of the elevated motorway, it has given us an opportunity to create a new green corridor in the heart of the city. It is envisaged that this will be a series of rolling landforms with dense ornamental planting and clipped greenery. This will extend back into the city drawing with it fresh air and a new micro-climate. The interaction of this corridor is also expressed on the Huangpu with a dramatic timber breakwater (to shelter the proposed marina) and Ferry Terminal Building. The green corridor then rolls southwards in a series of sculptured and planted landforms. The idea of a green corridor is also explored within the area left behind with the removal of the Wusong Lu elevated motorway. It is proposed that this green lung contributes to the overall greening of the Suzhou Creek corridor but may accommodate a number of smaller uses such as children play areas, multi-purpose pitches and Tai Chi courts.

5The River PromenadeAt present three corridors cross the Bund from south to north with clear evidence that the elevated river promenade is the most active and the lower terraces poorly performing. The masterplan provides a grand new promenade with an average width of 20 meters to ensure a ease of movement along its entire length. A series of smaller spaces have then been created along this spine, some formal others incidental. The design further plays with level changes, forms of enclosure and openness to create a continually stimulating experience. Small retail opportunities have been located along this route, but in most cases they tie into the retail at the lower level, thus allowing people to enter a building at one level and leave at another. This promenade is lined with a series of elevated landscape planters to provide a continual seating edge along the walk; and framed by trees and canopies to create shelter and shade when required. At select points generous steps and ramps connect back to the lower level. Ample view points are provided to allow views from one level into another.

LightBoxes No. 1 -9Each plan starts with a simple idea. How to create connectivity and legibility in a city with the change of pace that Shanghai is experiencing? The entire length of the Bund has been structured around No. LightBoxes. Each LightBox sits at the termination of an important route from the city towards the Bund; each LightBox acts as an individual marker within its surrounding landscape, but also as a series of markers along the redevelopment thus creating continuity. Each LightBox will have a different internal function, they will all be designed differently but will maintain a commonality of design. It is the design intention that over time these LightBoxes will become reference points with the daily lives of people; Ill meet you at No. ; The LighBoxes therefore express the pathways into the city but also express the curve of the Huangpu.

Places and SpacesSecondly, the masterplan is structured around a series of active places (or nodes), and spaces (an area with no identified use). This is similar to a string of pearls strung along the river corridor. Within the overall plan we have therefore allowed for the full range of city activities (i.e. cultural, economic, social, tourist, leisure) and simple passive recreation of walking. Further in this report a number of these places are animated in more detail (See Chapter . Cultural Precinct; Peoples Plaza; Civic Square; Meteological Square; and, Metro Square 1).


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The Public Transportation CorridorCentral to the masterplan is the provision of a dedicated public transportation corridor (PTC). After extensive research it was felt that this would serve the Bund best if it were design as a single corridor rather than as two lanes within a road corridor. Our design gives a clear signal that public transport, and its related facilities, are crucial items to city building and should get pride of position within any redevelopment. A series of bus stops, with dramatic architectural statements, are provided along the length of the Bund, in almost all cases tying into another form of modal transport to create a flexible strategy. Bus stop areas are treated as important places, with the concourse areas spilling out across the road to create a shared-surface environment where people come first. While not essential to the design, the masterplan therefore does allow for the future option of changing this route from bus orientated to guided tram or similar. This has been done to great success in many European cities with these corridors greened over. This creates a particularly attractive environment with many ecological benefits.

The Historic EdgeThe neglected edge. It is interesting to note how rapidly this edge is changing with the introduction of high-brand retail and top quality restaurants behind the facades. The design allows these buildings to breath, giving them civic space in which they can stand proudly. The entire edge of the historic Bund is treated in an uniform way to provide street continuity and formality. However, the very nature of the space is changed. It is purposefully designed as an urban street where the two road edges, and the retail offer behind, are visible to each other thus stimulating and reinforcing interaction. The spaces changes in size to accentuate historic character but in totality it is treated as an outdoor shopping and recreational street with its own purpose and character. This street needs to function independently of the activity drawn onto the upper promenade, however where ever possible this footfall is drawn along the street to enhance interaction. Within the street sculpture, water jets and raised planters are designed to enhance the delight of the space.

Soft and Hard LandscapingIn broad terms there are two very different characters to the Bund. The North Bund contains most of the historic buildings while the South Bund is undergoing massive redevelopment. The masterplan creates a transition between these two areas. In the south it is predominantly rolling planted landforms between the road and the upper promenade. As one moves northwards, the character begins to change and become more formal and urban. Extensive soft landscaping is still evident but this is more structured within urban squares. Soft landscaping is a critical component to the design to ensure screening, shading and softening of the built form. Large raised planters are provided to allow for horticultural excellence along the entire length of the Bund. However, due to the sheer number of people, adequate provision has been made for expansive hard landscaping to accommodate the movement and lingering of people. These walkway areas are uncluttered with street furniture, seating, lighting and such will be placed along the edges of such walkways to ensure uninterrupted movement and visual corridors.

Sustainability + Ecological PlantingOur design ethos is a belief that cities should be economically, socially, physically and environmentally supportive. The design operates at numerous levels to ensure that each aspect reinforces the other At the ecological level, we have proposed the various green corridors to bring nature back into the city; furthermore we believe that the establishment of ecological barges moored in the south will give a unique place for migratory birds and wetland planting. It is proposed that a series of green pontoons are moored between the light wands to enhance the ecological diversity. Planting should be supportive of a wide range of ecological niches including the potential inherent within the Tropical Bird House. (See Fig. Design Concept - Macro Scale Fig. Design Concept - Metro Scale Fig. Design Concept - Micro Scale)

The Huangpu CrossingThere is a realisation that a new, exhilarating experience is required that links Pudongs glamour with Puxis sensibility for this we propose a cable car link between the two Districts. The ride would start in Renmin Guangchang picking up people before giving them an elevated ride along Fuzhou Lu. At the Bund there is a station stop before the cable cars are lifted up over the Huangpu. The design is conceptual and notes the need for a high level crossing across the river (0m plus) so as not to effect the navigation of the river. The cable cars would then run up to the Pearl TV Tower where a new station is proposed. This would allow tourist, resident within the world class hotels around Renmin Guangchang to access the attractions and conference venues in Pudong. Similarly, it would allow the people of Shanghai an opportunity to see both sides of their city while enjoying the exhilaration of the ride.

The Night Time (Lighting)It is evident that Shanghai has an active night time culture and consequently lighting plays an important role in the design of the public realm. A full range of lighting types are proposed: led lighting in the paving at Nanjing Road, lighting walls to steps and ramps, uplighters to wall niches and trees, illuminated glass bridges and restaurant boxes and naturally, to structure the night activity, the LightBoxes.


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PUBLIC TRANSPORTATIONPEOPLES ACCESSIBILITYIntroductionIt is recognised that efficient and sustainable urban centres need an effective and visionary public transportation strategy in order to manage growth and ensure well-being. The transport proposals for the Bund are visionary and sustainability is a strong theme throughout. The key objective is to provide world class accessibility for the people. The proposal aims to improve both the public transport and the pedestrian movement along the corridor, whilst also reducing the impact of transport on the activities being enjoyed by visitors to the Bund. The Bund is an important transport corridor at the Municipal level, as well as at a local District level. Zhongshan Dong Yi Lu and Zhongshan Dong Er Lu form one of the three main vertical roads in Shanghai. Through traffic is therefore significant and the proposal to divert these vehicles into a tunnel network will provide a significant opportunity to increase the space afforded to pedestrians along the world famous Bund. The resulting road along the corridor is considered as part of the public realm, as opposed to a separated space and this is reflected in the continuation of the paving in the key public spaces across the road. This is in line with the philosophy of People First and will need appropriate traffic management measures to be implemented, including speed restrictions and appropriate information for drivers.

6Metro proposalsThe poor accessibility of the Bund by metro is set to continue according to Shanghai Shentong Metros construction programme. Our proposal therefore includes two metro related proposals which would result in a dramatic improvement to the accessibility of the Bund, benefiting those who visit the Bund for work, pleasure or to live. The two proposals are: A new metro station on the proposed line 1, located next to the river to improve accessibility of the southern Bund area. This metro station is to be called Zhongshan Dong Er Road. A new metro station on the existing line 2, located between the new road tunnel and the river to provide a significant increase in accessibility for the Nanjing East Road junction with the Bund. This metro station is to be called Zhongshan Dong Yi Road. New stations have been constructed on existing operational lines in other cities around the world, providing access to areas between two existing stations.

Key proposalsDuring this study, transport has been considered on a number of levels; it is important to allow visitors to the Bund convenient access to the Bund from all areas of Shanghai, whilst also ensuring efficient pedestrian and vehicle movement along the Bund is provided. The transport elements of the proposal are well integrated and the relationship between transport and the centres of activity has been carefully considered. Transport hubs become centres of urban activity and provide a strong catalyst for social and economic development. The major transport related proposals to improve the accessibility of the Bund from other areas in Shanghai include: A public transport corridor along the Bund, from the Waibaidu Bridge to Shi Liu Pu, allowing buses to operate attractive services along the corridor, providing excellent access for visitors to key nodes on the Bund with stops every 00m. The spacing between bus stops reflect the frequency of the public spaces and centres of activity on the Bund. This route is also ideal for a new open bus sightseeing route, linking the Bund with Yu Gardens and perhaps Pudong, via Fu Xing tunnel and Da Lian tunnel. Conveniently located and well managed coach drop off and pick up area, close to the Bund and Nanjing East Road. Segregated taxi and private car drop off areas to ensure traffic flows are not impacted by this activity. Appropriately located taxi ranks to allow safe, well managed and convenient taxi pick up. Closing of Jingling cycle tunnel, but compensated by the provision of conveniently located bicycle storage racks to encourage visitors to cycle to the Bund, by the most sustainable mode of transport. The cycle network in the vicinity of the Bund is already extensive and this has been retained in the proposal. It is important to retain the vital north south cycle routes through the area for through traffic as well as providing for the east west cycle movements, ensuring good access to the Bund by bicycle. World class walking environment along, to and from the Bund providing stunning views of the historical architecture on the Puxi side, as well as the futuristic views across the Huangpu River. Appropriately sized car parks in convenient locations, providing limited high value parking. Appropriately located service bays which provide convenient access for loading and unloading goods alongside the commercial buildings on the Bund. Cable car across Huangpu River, providing a high quality link between the two tourist centres.

Longer term proposalsIt is proposed, in the longer term, that a tram is introduced along the public transport corridor, as has been done recently in many other world cities. This would entail the conversion of a number of existing bus routes to tram routes which would all operate along the Bund public transport corridor, hence the concept of a green corridor. A tram provides a very high capacity for a reasonable level of investment. The greater legibility of a tram route and the ease of understanding of the service offered, compared to a bus route, would be welcomed by the tourists who wish to travel to and from the Bund.


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Detailed proposalsThe following detailed changes are proposed as part of the Bund redesign: The proposed design of the Bund includes a number of revisions to the local road network, in order to increase space available to pedestrians and in order to ensure public transport works efficiently, both into and through the Bund area. The concept of closing roads to traffic is a good one and is an appropriate suggestion for the Bund on the basis of the large number of visitors. The detailed design for the road network is to be developed in the subsequent stage of the design, when a full VISSIM model is proposed. The objective is to prove that the road network design has sufficient capacity to accommodate the existing level of local traffic. The following changes to the road network are proposed (The appendix includes figures to show the existing road network and the proposed changes): - the closure of Nanjing East Road to all traffic, between He Nan Road and the Bund, - closure of Dian Chi Road (which is the eastern end of Tian Jin Road) to all traffic between Yuan Ming Yuan Road and the Bund, - the closure of the eastern section of Jiu Jiang Road to all traffic between Sichuan Road and the Bund - the closure of Han Kou Road to all traffic between Sichuan Road and the Bund - the closure of Fu Zhou Road to all traffic, other than buses and tourist coaches and mini-buses, between Si Chuan Road and the Bund The above changes to the road network, together with the introduction of the public transport corridor along the Bund require minor amendments to the bus routes serving the Bund. (The appendix includes figures to show the bus routes and the proposed changes). The following amendments to the bus routes are proposed: - Route 20 to turn south off Jiu Jiang Road into Si Chuan Road, West into Han Kou Road, north into Jiang Xi Road and then west into Jiu Jiang Road to complete an amended loop as the routes eastern terminus. - Route , and 1 to use Waibaidu Bridge, instead of Wu Song Bridge. - Route to turn west onto Beijing Road, south onto Si Chuan Road and then west onto Tianjin Road, as opposed to turning west into Dianchi Road from the Bund.

Underlying analysisIn order to justify the various elements of the urban design proposal, detailed analysis has been undertaken in the following areas (further information has been included in the appendix): Count of pedestrian movement through all tunnels and across the bridge to better understand the shape of pedestrian movement along the Bund Count of tourist coaches and mini-buses to understand how much space is required to accommodate the pick-up, put down and parking of such vehicles Count of bicycles through Jingling Tunnel Survey of undertaken as a questionnaire to understand the characteristics, travel behaviours and the views of visitors to the Bund Vehicle demand across Suzhou Creek to justify the proposal to operate Waibaidu bridge as a public transport only bridge Total parking provision in area to identify how proposed quantity of parking fits into the wider parking strategy One-way street network Bus routes Bicycle routes and bicycle parking locations. (See Fig. Design Concept Movement and Accessibility Fig. 10 Design Concept Macro Accessibility Fig. 11 Design Concept Metro Accessibility Fig. 12 Design Concept Micro Accessibility)



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LAND USEThe Masterplan has been conceived as a series of three dimensional spaces that overlap and reinforce each other; a series of related land uses are strung out along the length of the Bund recognising both the existing and the proposed land uses of the surrounding buildings and developments. It is recognised that, due to the diversity of people visiting the Bund, a variety of niche sectors could be provided for within the economic frame of more general commercial outlets, some of this will however take time to realise.

THE FUNCTION OF PLACEThe Ferry Terminal BuildingA dramatic new building is proposed to celebrate the civic nature of this important form of public transport. Functions within this building will include: Ferry activity and management; Restaurant at second floor; Small retail units (Tour bus operators and similar) Tourist information buro; Police buro; Public toilets; Underground car parking and service/storage.

7RestaurantsTwo dramatic new restaurant locations are proposed within the masterplan that reinforces the interplay between the past and the future: Wai Bai Du Bridge: It is proposed that a glass box is slung inside the existing truss structure of the beautiful and historic bridge; a slim elegant crystal that will announce the Bund for visitors from the north. A glass elevator will take patrons upto an elevated deck giving dramatic views over the Shuzhou Creek, the new pedestrian bridge, and towards Pudong. The Hanging Cube: it is proposed that the last remaining section of the elevated motorway is retained and that this deck is used to create a new eating experience a glass box hanging over the edge of the concrete deck offering panoramic and dramatic views of both Pudong and back towards the Bund; more importantly it will serve as a visual sky-marker between the historic and the new Bund buildings and the new green corridor of Yanan Road.

Underground ServicesWithin the existing Bund box select areas of public convenience parking will be retained. It is further recognised that, with the construction of the road tunnels, provision will need to be made for possible ventilation chambers, emergency exit routes and storage areas, all of these can be incorporated within these existing underground structures. Should additional substations be require to serve the new Bund development, these to can be housed within this existing structure.

The Public RealmVarious large external areas have been designed along the Bund to accommodate seasonal activities, some formal and others as impromptu venues for public street life, walking, Tai Chi. It should be recognised that, in a city with such high densities and lack of large parks, the true value in the Bund lies in the ability to simply be open space which accommodates individual peoples requirements this should be seen as the true land use of the Bund. (See Fig. 1 Design Concept Land Use)

Cultural PrecinctThis building forms the iconic built form of the redevelopment and serves to bring a cultural component into the daily lives of the people that use the Bund and create a connection between the isolated War Monument and the new public realm. It is envisaged that this building will serve a number of functions: Cultural Museum exhibiting both international art exchanges and local art themes; Orchestra stage and seating for outdoor performances and impromptu events; Tropical bird house exhibiting the very best of Chinese horticultural excellence, koi ponds, bird and water sounds; Museum caf and tourist shop; New concourse and entrance to the Bund Sightseeing Tunnel to link it with the broader cultural precinct; Tourist information buro; Police buro; Public toilets; Underground car parking and service/storage.

Retail and CafesThe redesign of the Bund allows an important opportunity to introduce new retail along the length of the Bund, accepting that these should reinforce the redevelopment that is occurring within the existing historic Bund buildings. The retail units have predominantly been provided at the northern edge of the site so as not to conflict with the Shiliu Pu development. From the Nanjing Road crossing northwards the space is reduced in width to reinforce the street interaction between the facing retail edges; Retail units have been provided between the Peoples Plaza and the Civic Square to create a tight urban corridor of activity; some of the retail units are two-storeys allowing people to enter at ground floor and exit at upper podium deck and on towards the promenade thus enhancing visibility and accessibility to the Bund; Various of the light boxes will serve as small caf/ restaurant spaces allowing for external terraces use to enliven the Bund.

Metro Stations (No.s 2 and 14)It is proposed that two new metro stations are provided to give ease of access to the Bund. This will create the opportunity to create two new civic buildings with a small component of related retail.

The Marina and Water TaxisThe marina is envisaged as adding visual interest to the waterscape but will also serve as a berthing point for international and national yatching, small pleasure cruise boats on the river, and the possibility of restaurant boats.



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FLOOD DEFENCE STRATEGYHOLDING BACK THE HUANGPUShuzhou CreekAt the onset of our design process, and as verified on site, it was recognised that the existing Bund construction serves as an important flood protection barrier to the City of Shanghai. As noted previously, this forms a considerable visual barrier between the historic buildings of the Bund and the street activity (at contour +0.000) and the top of the Bund (at contour +.00). In reviewing various design solutions to create greater visual inclusion of the waterscape activity to the lower public realm, it has always been acknowledged within our design that critical flood levels will need to be held to maintain absolute safety. We further recognise that the proposed waterfront levels set for the Shiliu Pu development have increased to +.00. As a guidance we have used the following flood levels to inform our design (+.00 as 1:1000 year flood; +.00 as 1:100 year flood; +.00 as 1:0 year flood; +.0 as SMHW), accepting that further detailed design development and discussions will need to occur to establish final levels of the promenade along the top of the Bund. Where possible, we have retained the existing alignment of the flood wall and Bund box constructed element. Only in areas that we feel are critical to our design intent have we reduced levels to enhance the street environment. In all other cases, the promenade level will reflect the flood protection levels as required. It should be noted that the structural integrity of the existing Bund structure has not been assessed at this stage of the tender process but will require detailed review at the next stage. The removal of the Wusong Road Bridge, and related flood defence barrier to the Shuzhou Creek, creates a fantastic engineering opportunity within the design scope. We envisage at this important water junction a new flood barrier at the mouth of the Creek that will serve numerous identified functions, namely: Flood gates mounted between concrete piers will rise and fall as required; An elegant, timber pedestrian bridge will provided additional access across the Creek along the waterfront route; and, A pontoon rising and falling with the Huangpu will serve river taxi boats. Furthermore, by establishing a continuous water level within the Shuzhou Creek, the Creek could be used as a water taxi route into the further reaches of the city. This therefore becomes an important functional and design element to the Bund public realm environment.

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Ferry Terminal BuildingThe third place where we propose reducing the flood defence walls is at the new Ferry Terminal Building to allow ease of access off the boats at low tide, much the same situation as at present. These defence gates will be integral to the building design itself.

Timber View DecksNumerous timber decks are proposed that will be constructed in front of the existing flood wall at lower levels, allowing people some closer connection with the water; broad steps provide informal seating allowing people to sit and enjoy the long views towards the Pudong District. All structures set within the river corridor will be constructed on driven concrete piled foundations allowing maximum river water flow under these structures. (See Fig. 1 Design Concept Flood Defence Strategy).

Nanjing RoadThe second place where we propose reducing the flood defence line is at the important Nanjing Road node. This node is the junction point between the vibrant and introvert space of Nanjing Road and the more expansive space of the Bund itself. We propose: Dropping the promenade levels down to approximately +.000 which will then increase the skyline profile as one walks down Nanjing Road towards the Bund; by framing this space with tall vertical walls and broad steps, people will be drawn up towards the river and the higher promenade; Flood gates are positioned between these tall piers to again rise to protect the city; Secondary routes have been designed to allow people to pass behind the flood gates should this be required; All underground building are positioned behind the gates to ensure adequate protection.



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15 FIG 15. THE BUND MASTERPLAN



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SOUNDS AND COLOURS OF THE CITY THE CULTURAL PRECINCTIt is evident from both detailed site surveys and visual analysis that the vast majority of people who use the Bund use it for general relaxation and walking. Our proposal extends this idea and draws on an international trend, that of using Art (in all its forms) to regenerate urban areas both socially and economically. As shown with great success both at Bilbao and Londons Tate Modern a conscious decision was taken to bring art to the people, rather that bringing people to art. The Cultural Precinct therefore represents a bold move at creating a new and iconic building on the Bund that symbolises the revitalisation of this area. Much of the change within the Bund area is occurring behind the historic faade and in essence creates restricted entry, this proposal suggests a peoples building that celebrates art and culture that is directly accessible to all. The prominence of the site we believe deserves a dramatic gesture with a building rising out of the bowl in the earth. More importantly, it forms a connection with the existing Shanghai Peoples Heroes Memorial as a set piece of significant cultural elements within the City. We see a modern aluminium and glass-transparent building rising from the lower road level and interacting dramatically with the skyline; a multi-storey building with metal roofs at different angles to reflect the different force directions from which art comes. Glass atria spaces cut through the building allowing views from the lower road up towards the Heroes Memorial. This component of the building will be given over to exhibition space. The majority of the building will be given over to a Tropical Bird House an idea seen in Renmin Guangchang (Peoples Square): small bird cages hung amongst the planting. The idea of this space is to acknowledge the considerable contribution that Chinese plants and horticultural excellence has had in the international world. This is seen as a modern glasshouse filled with plants, ponds with koi fish, colourful birds and exotic planting (similar to Kew Gardens). An external event space is created under the cantilevered roof, using the river and Pudong as its backdrop. A raised timber stage allows for orchestra performances or similar reinforcing another aspect of art and culture within the building footprint. Within this building will be housed a museum shop and caf, tourist information, a new concourse to the Bund Sightseeing Tunnel, and essential services such as police buro, public toilets and parking. The hard landscaping within this area establishes a palette of materials that will be used through-out the Bund, a selection of mid-greys, black and red indicative of the immediate area. In order to reinforce the civic importance of the Heroes Memorial both the building form, the paving bands and the tree avenues radiate out from this point into the surrounding redevelopment. The first route from this point is the proposed new pedestrian link across the Suzhou Creek with a proposed new river taxi boat pontoon. This route drops down from the main promenade level but will rise and fall with the tidal providing some emotive connection with the water. A wide viewing gallery has been created around this area giving long-distant views down the Huangpu. The second route extends the Bund promenade back along Suzhou Creek towards a proposed creek water taxi station to allow greater accessibility into the city. This space has been designed as a formal avenue, lined with trees, raised planters and a caf and bus shelter building before dropping down a grand flight of stairs towards Nansuzhou Lu. The bus shelter building will be a sleek glass louvered box with dramatic metal roof providing shelter to the elements. The third route connects with the existing Huangpu Park drawing it into the Bund public realm. A simple avenue framed by trees and the museum extends across into the park and beyond onto Yuanmingyuan Lu (Zhongshan Dongyilu is put into a short tunnel at this point to reduce pedestrian conflict). An indicative idea is shown of how the park could be re-landscaped to create a link between the new Peninsula Hotel and the Creek Station. The culmination of this precinct, but also the gateway into the Bund from the north, is the existing Waibaidu Bridge. The transportation proposals, as discussed, are to limit this bridge to public transport only thus increasing the use for pedestrians. The visual appeal of this metal truss bridge is noted and consequently we believe that a very sensitive architectural imposition within the heart of this structure could reinforce the very essence of its structure. It is proposed that a glass and steel box is hung within the metal truss to serve as a new landmark building across the Suzhou Creek. A restaurant within this location would afford dramatic views over the Suzhou Creek in all directions and towards Pudong. As reflected in the masterplan, this will be a busy people area, a terminal point for the walk along the Bund and a congregation point for people entering the Bund from the north. Wide expansive paving areas have been provided to accommodate this people movement and gradually, as one moves south, increasingly soft landscaping is introduced. This precinct therefore forms the culmination of a series smaller spaces, a series of experiences, a statement about the future of the Bund.

THE SPACES

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2005 THE SHANGHAI BUND WATERFRONT URBAN DESIGN INTERNATIONAL COMPETITION

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THE PEOPLES PLAZAThis important space forms the natural extension to Nanjing Road East and its diverse and intensive activity. At present the pedestrianised section of Nanjing Road terminates rather abruptly at Henan Zhonglu and the Nanjing East Metro Station providing an unclear, uncomfortable and crowded route towards the Bund, and yet this route is well travelled. The Peoples Plaza is therefore an expression and logical conclusion of a series of sequential spaces that start at Renmin Guangchang (Peoples Square), are then contained within a very strong, urban corridor before exploding (with all that City energy) onto the Bund and the expansive nature of the Huangpu. It is understood that the idea of pedestrianising the last section of Nanjing Road has previously been tabled within the Shanghai Metropolitan Transport White Paper Review (200) and consequently the redevelopment of the Bund is a fitting time to review this important idea of city building. This idea will create an essential pedestrian connection between components of the city (economic, social, physical) and public space and the natural landscape. The Peoples Plaza is envisaged as a large transition space allowing people to flow naturally out from Nanjing Road (and Dianchi Lu) spilling out north, central and south along the Bund and river corridor. It has been designed as a grand reception space with bold, modern architectural walls and steps drawing people upwards towards the dramatic views of Pudong. As one walks past the Peace Hotel the pedestrian perspective will be opened up to reveal behind one the imposing faade of the Bund buildings and, by dropping the flood defence line and floorscape at the Bund, the imposing skyscape across the river. Tall architectural walls and piers will frame the views in front of the pedestrian, which will be lit at night to create a gateway frame to Pudong. Technically these walls will serve to support the flood gates should they need to be raised. It is proposed that a new Metro and Bus Station is located at this important point allowing the easy access and movement of people from the surrounding city onto the Bund. A large cantilevered roof will celebrate the public transport node and provide shelter to both the bus and metro station; it will create a new legible landmark along the Bund identified with public transport. The design strives to create a street scene where there is urban and economic interaction between the Bund buildings and the new edge; retail units, the metro station concourse, tourist information, police buro and public toilets will be provided for within the new Bund edge to create dynamic and public orientated space for both local users and a natural orientation point for tourists. The hard landscaping is reflective of this transition, picking up clues from both the old and the new. The paving material will be alternating red granite bands (Nanjing Rd) and black granite (the proposed new material to tie the Bund together); vertical walls will be grey granite (reflective of the Bund architecture) and concrete (reflective on a new style of architecture). The paving to either side of the central walkway bends in towards the red and black banding showing subservience to this major desire and energy line; paving will be mid-grey and black granite square and banding acting as a neural background to the potential for a caf culture to emerge and enliven the space. Soft landscaping will be formal with group of large trees fanning out from Nanjing Road providing shade and softening to the space. Raised planters will provide places for seasonal interest and informal seating areas. Central to the plaza will be a large commissioned sculpture to celebrate the City of Shanghai; water will fall of the plinth and water jets and bubblers are proposed to add interest and activity to the paving areas. In recognising the value of this space, careful thought has been given to dramatic lighting which will fan out from Nanjing Road towards the Bund; light walls at the major staircase will create legibility to access the promenade. This space then drives out into the Huangpu with a dramatic series of timber decks allowing people greater interaction with the water and river activity; a light box terminates this route, changing colours to add interest. Around this point broad timber and granite seating steps have been designed allowing people to sit and enjoy the views this also creates a natural amphitheatre for both impromptu street shows and annual events. The Peoples Plaza therefore becomes a City space for congregation and celebration framed by both the Bund and Pudong.



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THE CIVIC SQUAREThe Civic Square acts as the counter-point to the general commotion of the Peoples Plaza; a place that forms an appropriate plinth or base plate to the historic fabric of the Bund. The design is purposefully symmetrical and formal acknowledging the architectural style and grandeur of both the Customs House and the Shanghai Pudong Development Bank. The space is large and uncluttered with elements allowing the pedestrian to move into the space and reflect on the full faade of these wonderful buildings. As one walks southwards from the Peoples Plaza the public realm is purposefully constrained to about 20 meters creating an active retail and caf lane before dramatically opening out into the Civic Square thus enhancing the visual interplay of buildings. Approaching the Square from the south, a series of flank walls, trees and landscaping slowly unfold the views towards the buildings; the design holds the Square to ensure that it does not simply leak out towards the south. The full potential of this space has been explored pushing the space hard up against the flood defence walls; these tall six meter walls will be designed as a green wall system creating a soft backdrop to the Square. A formal avenue of London plane trees sit in front of this wall enclosing this edge and creating a series of green foils that step down from the higher promenade down towards the Square. Surrounding the Square, upper view points have been created allowing views from the promenade and upper gardens thus adding another layer of people interaction into the Square. The space has been designed as a shared surface with both the public transport corridor and roadway crossing the square at grade with the same paving materials and pattern through-out; the traffic encroaches this paces but does not dominate it. Bus stops and taxi drop-off points are located on the periphery to provide ease of access. Bollards will guide the traffic movement across the square but it is accepted that some traffic management will be required to introduce this idea to the motoring public. Subtle, modern intervention is introduced to continue the interplay of old and new; a sleek LightBox stands proudly in the Square denoting the visual axis along Hankou Lu towards the Bund, but not centrally located to conflict with the two historic buildings. This LightBox serves as a vertical lift core assisting disabled access up from this level to the promenade while also providing visual linkage to the broader environment. An illuminated glass bridge links the Box with the promenade over the passing vehicle traffic. Should it be required, this Box could also be used to serve as an emergency exit point for users of the Bund underground vehicle tunnel and a ventilation point. At the southern edge of this Square, the cable car landing station lightly touches the ground allowing its users to disembark and enter the Square; at this point broad steps lead up towards the Bund and the Marina and the river taxi boats. It is proposed that Fuzhou Lu is reconfigured to create a number of tourist bus drop-off lay-bys thus creating an interconnection of movement/transport option for people in this area. A similar palette of paving materials is used as in the Peoples Plaza with a subtle variation in the paving banding design to denote the change in status. Street furniture is kept to a minimum but it is recognised that over time, this space may include for some civic sculpture. Lighting is formal with the proposal to highlight the architectural detailing of the buildings, uplighters to the green wall and trees, and small LED paving lights to pick out the paving at night (possibly in blue light). The LightBox will be illuminated to add interest to the space and highlight its important function. It is the design intent that this space will serve as a ceremonial and civic space for the City allowing for the activity that such events bring.


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THE METEOLOGICAL SQUAREIn essence this Square celebrates the interaction and interchange of people as they transfer from one form of transport to another. It was recognised from the onset of this design process that resolving of movement of people was central to a successful masterplan; the sheer number of people that frequent the Bund is staggering and their accessibility to the area is critical to the social and long-term economic vitality of the Bund. To acknowledge the importance of river transport for people a bold and iconic new Ferry Terminal Building is proposed that sits on the water ready to receive oncoming water traffic yet driving into the land environs with a dramatic cantilevered roof that is visible from Zhongshan Dongyilu, Zhongshan Dongerlu and Yanan Donglu a statement to the value of public buildings. This building will house the ferry management office, tourist buro, police buro and public toilets; furthermore it is envisaged that some retail would sustain itself within the internal concourse. At second floor a new city restaurant venue is proposed that would give dramatic long views over the water and back towards the Bund. This building should be unashamedly modern, designed with aluminium and glass to reflect above the water over which it hangs. At night lighting will emphasis the transparent nature of this building and the cantilevered roof which frames the space below. With the removal of the elevated motorway a unique opportunity has been introduced to bring a welcoming green corridor into the City. This corridor will create a subtle marker between the historic Bund buildings and the more recent to the south. This green energy is driven across the Square as a series of timber breakwaters and decks that protect the Marina but also create a new walk area for the public. This will give added extended views across the Marina but also creates an opportunity for smaller boats to moor and offer tourist executions under licence thus optimising the economic potential of the river. Broad bands of soft landscaping flow along Zhongshan Dongerlu northwards towards this Square before terminating in a series of tall red granite breast walls which initiate the more urban design of the Bund. This is therefore a fulcrum point between soft landscape (south), urban landscape (north), city (west) and water (east). The Square has been designed around the historical Metrological Building to acknowledge the part it too has played in Shanghais history. High flood defence walls enclose this space but give the opportunity to provide continual elevated views into the lower space. Access steps and ramps are provided to facilitate ease of movement between the various levels, the space and the bus concourse adjacent to the Ferry Building. A glass view deck sits in a split in the wall, one red granite (past) one black granite (new). The space animates The Four Elements: earth, wind, fire and water. It is proposed that the Meteological Building is painted in ochre and terracotta colours to denote Earth; the ferry Terminal Buildings massively high and untouchable roof expresses Wind; multicoloured glass blocks set within the flood walls allowing the rising sun to shine through from the east into the Square symbolises Fire; and water jets and misters to cloud the square in a mist veil from within which the building sits denotes Water. To the west of this square the new green corridor winds back into the City. We believe that the elevated motorway offers an opportunity to create some fantastic high views over the river and consequently we have proposed that the last section of the motorway is retained as an isolated city fragment. A new glass box restaurant will hang on the forward edge of this concrete structure, suspended in midair above the roads below. Glass elevators will carry patrons upwards to the deck. This box with the Ferry Building will create a gateway into the north Bund historic area. It is accepted that this idea will need some detailed engineering resolution. The Meteological Square therefore forms an important city function with 2-hour activity and has been designed as such.



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THE METRO 14 SQUAREThis is one of the micro scale spaces that has been created along the Bund promenade around the transportation proposal to create an additional metro station on Line 1. This proposal will therefore complete the public accessibility loop along the Bund allowing for a range of access and exit points along its entire length. Integrated into this stop will be a civic bus concourse to facilitate modal interchange. A large flat roof will enclose the space, extending from the waters edge above an elevated square and over the bus station creating an elegant, compact architectural statement (similar to the bus station at the Waibaidu Bridge). Architecturally this enclosure will express a similar theme as the proposed metro station on Metro Line 2: tall concrete walls clad in red, black or mid-grey granite; light walls to the external staircase; down lighters from the cantilevered canopy roof; and LightBox No. which creates a legible night-time market to the Metro station. The concourse paving will sweep across the public transportation corridor unifying the public real and emphasising the idea of People First. Individual modern bus shelters with signage boxes and suitable lighting will be introduced to service the buses. Sweeping bands of planting, taking their design form from the Shiliu Pu development, create the interface between the elevated promenade and the road corridor. This will be the area to exhibit Chinese horticultural excellence with layers of plant forms, colours and textures as seen around the City.



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CONCLUSIONThe redevelopment of the Bund area is a fantastic opportunity and statement in city building. It is a recognition that a city is made up of component parts, not only tall buildings that grab for the stars, but more importantly the spaces between buildings that people within a city use and experience each day. Increasingly it is recognised that the public realm, both the facilities and the spaces are the elements that hold cities together. Our Masterplan has been founded on a set of universally accepted design principles that structure the design at various levels of economic, transport, social and physical interactions to ensure a robust and sustainable solution to such a challenging site. It represents the first steps towards a development solution for the site. However, due to our extensive experience, built-up within our team over many years of complex design resolution, it is based on a clear understanding of construction techniques that will ensure ease of construction and implementation. The design suggests a bold response to the Huangpu River at the macro level and a more considered response at the micro level; it acknowledges the historic value to the Bund buildings while creating modern architectural response to the new promenade edge. Ultimately we have strived to create a design that understands the essential requirement of the Brief, to put people first. We believe that we have created something special, something unique; a Place of a 1000 Spaces.

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APPENDIXA1: Transportation ReviewPedestrian countsIntroduction The purpose of undertaking this survey was to establish the volume of pedestrians moving between the west side of Zhong Shan Dong Yi Road and the pedestrianised area next to the Huangpu River, so that a clear understanding of the pedestrian flow patterns is established, which will guide the urban design of the Bund. Findings The majority of pedestrians cross Zhongshan Yi Road via Nanjing Road tunnel with 64% of the total flow, whilst the demand through the other three routes was approximately balanced. In the two hours surveyed, almost 32,000 people crossed Zhong Shan Yi Road to access the pedestrianised area of the Bund, confirming the Bund as the most popular attraction in Shanghai. The table below summarises the passenger flow counts through the tunnels and across the bridge, providing access across the Zhongshan Dong Yi Lu:Two way passenger demand through tunnel (between 7pm and 9pm) Nanjing Road tunnel Fuzhou Road tunnel Beijing Road tunnel Jingling Road bridge 20,262 4,407 3,636 3,58 % of total flow 64% 4% % %

Tourist coach and mini-bus countsIntroduction The purpose of undertaking this survey was to establish the frequency and duration of tourist coach and mini-bus pick up and drop off, so that the sufficient space was allocated to this activity in the proposed design of the Bund. The survey was undertaken on Saturday 30th June 2007 between 7pm to 9pm. Findings A total of 57 coaches and mini-buses dropped off and picked up tourists at the northern end of the Bund, close to Huangpu Park. Vehicles spent between 4 and 6 minutes at the drop-off and pick up area, before departing.

Findings The following key findings were derived from the significant sample of data collected: 72% of all visitors to the Bund were not residents of Shanghai. This 72% included international tourists, as well as domestic tourists. 24% of all visitors use the bus to access the Bund, whilst 23% use metro, despite the significant distance between Nanjing East Road station and the Bund. The pie chart below identifies the mode share for all visitors:

When considering the non-residents, the tour bus is the most popular mode of transport to access the Bund with 26%, followed by the metro with 24%. The pie chart below identifies the mode share for all non-Shanghai visitors:

Count of cyclists through Jingling TunnelIntroduction The design must consider the need to maintain cycling access through the Jingling Tunnel, which is currently open between 7am and 8pm. An input into this decision is the current level of demand through the tunnel. The survey counted the number of cyclists in both directions between 7pm and 8pm on Saturday 30th June 2007. Findings A total of four cyclists used the Jingling Tunnel during the period surveyed. The ferry service to Pudong no longer permits bicycles to be carried onto the boat and the quality and quantity of bicycle storage on the east side of Zhongshan Dong Yi Road is poor, hence the demand through the tunnel is very low. When considering residents of Shanghai only, the mode share of the bus increases to 32%, walking to 2% and metro decreases to 20%. The pie chart below identifies the mode share for all Shanghai residents:

For 42% of visitors to the Bund, the purpose of their visit was to walk along the Bund, whilst the next most popular activity was a river cruise with 30%. The pie chart below shows the purpose for all visitors to the Bund:

Survey of Bund visitorsIntroduction A survey was undertaken at the Bund to establish the characteristics and views of visitors, to what is the most popular attraction in Shanghai. The survey was undertaken on Saturday 30th June between 4pm and 6pm. When considering residents of Shanghai, the percentage of visitors intending to enjoy a river cruise decreases significantly to 6%, walking increases to 55% and visiting a restaurant or bar more than doubles from 4% to 0%. The pie chart below shows the journey purpose for all Shanghai residents:


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Visitors to the Bund were asked what changes should be made to make the Bund a more enjoyable destination. The following answers were most frequently given: Improved signage and information for visitors Improved position and visibility of bus stops Improved protection from sun and rain Improved control of unlicensed sales activity and begging along the Bund - Improved car parking provision - Provision of additional benches or seating areas - Provision of additional vegetation, including big trees The following answers were also given, but less often: Provision of a fountain along the Bund Provision of a metro station on the Bund Improved road crossings on the Bund Provision of more toilets and lower prices Provision of childrens play and entertainment area Pedestrianise Nanjing East Road from Henan Road to the Bund Provide free tourist information and volunteer assistants on the Bund Provision of a sight-seeing bus along the Bund Improved cross river transport, including bus routes Removal of Yan-An Road ramp Improved material for surface on Bund; marble is very slippery Provision of art and culture on the Bund Improved access to the river from the Bund Improved choice of tea houses Provision of indoor attractions along Bund Reduction in traffic along the Bund Provision of better shopping along the Bund Provision of bus services linking the Bund with Yu Gardens Reduce the noise along the Bund Improved linkages between the Bund promenade and the road

Vehicle demand analysis across Suzhou CreekIntroduction The objective of undertaking the analysis was to prove that the proposal to allocate the Wai Bai Du Bridge as a public transport (i.e. bus-only) bridge was reasonable. 24% of all visitors arrive at the Bund by bus and it is therefore very important to identify measures to reduce the journey time and hence increase the attractiveness of bus journeys leading to and through the Bund. The analysis considered the vehicle demand across four bridges, both in 2007 and in the future, when the proposed Bund tunnel has been constructed. The proposed tunnel will remove the through traffic from the surface level roads and the bridges. Video surveys were undertaken in the peak hour (07:30am to 08:30am) on th July 2007 of the following bridges: Wai Bai Du Bridge Wu Song Bridge Zha Pu Bridge Si Chuan Bridge

Survey outputs The survey identified the vehicle flow per hour for each of the four bridges surveyed. The table below presents the vehicle flow per hour per direction, the capacity and therefore the saturation level for each bridge (a capacity of ,200 pcu/hour has been assumed for each vehicle lane), as well as the percentage of total vehicle flow over each of the bridges:

Documents

The Bund Shanghai masterplan