25
The design of reverse distribution network: Models and solution procedures Vaidyanathan Jayaraman Raymond A. Patterson Erik Rolland 指指指指 指指指 指指 指指 指指指

The design of reverse distribution network: Models and solution procedures

  • Upload
    kailey

  • View
    35

  • Download
    5

Embed Size (px)

DESCRIPTION

The design of reverse distribution network: Models and solution procedures. Vaidyanathan Jayaraman Raymond A. Patterson Erik Rolland. 指導教授:林燦煌 博士 學生:黃琬瑜. CONTENT. Abstract Introduction Literature: Reverse logistics Product recalls and refurbishing - PowerPoint PPT Presentation

Citation preview

Page 1: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

The design of reverse distribution network:

Models and solution procedures

Vaidyanathan JayaramanRaymond A. Patterson

Erik Rolland

指導教授:林燦煌 博士

學生:黃琬瑜

Page 2: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

CONTENT

• Abstract• Introduction• Literature:

Reverse logistics Product recalls and refurbishing Other relevant literature • The reverse distribution model• The solution approach• Computation results• Summary and conclusions

Page 3: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Abstract

• 本篇主要探討,在逆向物流情形下,設置配送據點問題,並提出數學模式來解決這個問題,並利用啟發式演算法來處理這個複雜的模式,在迅速的時間下,求出設施選址中之最佳解。

Page 4: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Introduction 1/2

• 逆物流之主要概念,即是將產品從終端使用者手中轉移至生產者手上,而逆物流之配送活動包括從終端使用者手中轉移有缺陷以及對環境有危險的產品,其程序含蓋還原與重新利用等。

Page 5: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Introduction 2/2

• 對製造商而言,資金、人力、原料皆為其主要之投資,但產品有平均壽命,當使用完畢後,它們會被丟棄或其他摒除之方式作為處理,因此對環境造成極大影響。

• 因此,製造商重覆利用使用過之材料包裝,或負責對顧客處理最終壽命之產品,皆為目前許多歐洲國家所正在進行之方式。

Page 6: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Literature: Reverse logistics 1/3

• 逆物流處理之四個主要基本原則: 1. Reduce

2. Substitution

3. Reuse

4. Recycle

Page 7: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• 主要兩個供應配送網路包括

1. Forward chain:

當產品從製造商或工廠,直接配送到顧客手中。

2. Reverse chain:

一般而言,將顧客手中之產品轉移至製造商,其目的包括維修、再利用、再製造。

Literature: Reverse logistics 2/3

Page 8: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• 逆物流不同於傳統供應鏈系統的地方在於 :

1. 傳統供應鏈系統並沒有對產品在逆物流的通路中進 行處理。 2. 逆物流之配送成本高。 3. 對於回送之產品,在運送、儲存、處理、管理方面 皆無規律的通路。 (Sarkis et al.,1995)

Literature: Reverse logistics 3/3

Page 9: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Literature: Product recalls and refurbishing 1/3

• Product recall:

逆物流配送活動中,將產品從顧客手中轉移至原產地之流程,即稱逆物流之配送。

在本研究中, Product recall site ,就是指當顧客將產品送回之零售點,其零售點可正確製造或處理產品。

最後, Product recall 決定之概念在於如何將貨物轉移回原先配送之通路,亦稱為逆物流配送系統。

Page 10: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Literature: Product recalls and refurbishing 2/3

• Fisk and Chandran (1975)

為第一個提出 Product recall 之研究,其企圖追蹤耐用與不耐用之機械裝置,注意是否有其缺陷或危險,但並沒有對其提出任何策略。

• Murphy (1986)

對逆物流只談最小配送成本,並無談及任何配送發展策略。• Min (1989)

在選擇運輸模式下達到最小逆物流配送成本,但其解決之問題

太過狹窄。

Page 11: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• Refurbishing:

主要對於回送後的產品進行所需之改變,使其顧客滿意。 ( Lund, 1984 )

• 其議題包含: Recycling, Reduction, Reclamation, Recovery, Reuse, Remanfacturing.

(Guintini and Ansel, 1995)

Literature: Product recalls and refurbishing 3/3

Page 12: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• Caruso et al.(1993)

利用演算法發展廢棄物系統模式。

• Bloemhof-Ruwaard et al.(1994)

對產品及副產品做協調控制之配送網路。

• Pirkul and Jayaraman (1996)

單一配送中心及位置之發展模式,並求其成本最小化,但其模式受限於顧客之需求供應。

Literature: Other relevant literature 1/2

Page 13: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• 因此藉由文獻回顧可知,無論正向或逆向網路,皆可將其分開討論在各個案例中,並可減少問題之大小。因此本篇研究朝向此方向進行。

• 假設產品已經在顧客手中,其產品為有害、有缺陷或壽命終止的,將其送至最近之原始位置,也就是其製造商,有必要的話,亦需產品收集點進行服務。

Literature: Other relevant literature 2/2

Page 14: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

The reverse distribution model 1/5

1. 假設產品已經在原產地,也就是零售點的地方。2. 假想顧客傾向較近之零售點去購買或取回產品。3. 可選擇開放或不開放之任何點。4. 零售點直接送回製造商是被允許的,但成本將高於轉運收集站之成本。

Page 15: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• Product: This includes products that:

have been recalled, recycled, disposed, or

hazardous.

• I––{i/i is an origination site}.

• J––{j/j is a collection site}.

• K––{k/k is a refurbishing facility site}.

Includes a refurbishing site, a recycling plant, a decontamination plant, or the original manufacturing site.

The reverse distribution model 2/5

Page 16: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• Cijk––Total variable cost of transporting a single unit of recalled product from origination site i through collection site j and onto refurbishing site k.• Fj––Cost of opening a collection site j.• Gk––Cost of opening a refurbishing site k.• ai––Number of hazardous products residing at origination site i.• Bj––Maximum capacity of collection site j.• Dk––Maximum capacity of refurbishing facility k.• Pmin––Minimum number of collection sites to open and operate.• Pmax––Maximum number of collection sites to open and operate.• Qmin––Minimum number of refurbishing facilities to operate.• Qmax––Maximum number of refurbishing facilities to operate.

The reverse distribution model 3/5

成本

容量

數量

Page 17: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

The decision variables for the model are:• Xijk––fraction of units at origination site i that

is transported through collection site j and

onto refurbishing site k.

• Pj 1 if collection site j is open;

0 otherwise:

• Qk 1 if refurbishing facility k is open;

0 otherwise:

The reverse distribution model 4/5

小部份直接從 I→K 之產品

開放與不開放

Page 18: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• Model refurb

The reverse distribution model 5/5

J 的最大容量限制

從 I→J 或 I→J→K 之限制

I 的 Open Cost 0/1

J 的 Open Cost 0/1從 I→J 或 I→J→K 之單位數量成本

K 點的開放數量限制

K 的最大容量限制

J 點的開放數量限制

從 I→J 或 I→J→K 運送均需看其開放點之限制

Page 19: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

The solution approach

Page 20: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• The heuristic 該研究利用下列四種模式運算

1.Random selection 選擇三種分別為 25 、 50 、 100 ,利用重覆遞迴的 方式求出最佳解。

2.Heuristic concentration (HC) 將 random跑完後之 Pmax 與 Qmax 運用新的方式 Pmax+2- 前項所求出之解 Qmax+2- 前項所求出之解 之後求解出更佳的答案

Page 21: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

3.Heuristic expansion (HE) 將原先所求出的解中,找出原先的非最佳解,一一套入

模 式中進行運算,看是否可讓原先的解更加完善。

4.Procedure CC 將 random跑完後之 Pmax 與 Qmax 考慮成本與產能之比率

限制, 並運用新的方式,也就是 Pmax+4 及 Qmax+4 後即會

產生新的解。

Page 22: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Computation results

原先 I 之數量原先 J 之數量 原先 K 之數量 最大 J允許之數量 最大 K 允許之數量

Page 23: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

HE using HC 之方式離最佳解最近

當 random越多次其離最佳解最近

當使用 HE using CC 時,離最佳解最為接近

當問題擴大至 100Retail 時, HE using CC 所使用之解算時間,只有其它方式的一半,故作者極力推薦該演算法。

Page 24: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

• 作者利用 HE using CC 之演算法後,當求解此逆向物流中龐大且複雜之問題時,求解時間不但比傳統之模式要來的有效率,且離最佳解十分接近。

• 作者對於近年來逆物流的一些文獻,包括 Product recall 、Product recycling 與 Reuse , Product disposal 、 Hazardous product return ,作者將其更詳細的分類,

以便後者參考。

Summary and conclusions

Page 25: The design of reverse  distribution network:  Models and solution procedures

Thanks for your attention