The Infinitive

不定式

不定式的构成

肯定式： to do 否定式： not to do

不定式可根据时态和语态有不同的形式

• to do/to be done

• to be doing

• to have done/to have been done

不定式在句子中可做的成分

主语，宾语，表语，定语，状语，补语

做主语

• To know oneself is difficult.

• To hesitate means failure.

• To learn English well is important.

• To travel around the world is my dream.

• Not to see him this time is a pity.

被动式

• To be invited to the party is my honor.

• To have been given a second chance made him happy.

• To be loved is a kind of happiness.

常用“ it” 做形式主语 , 句型如下：It is adj./n.+ (for/of sb) to do sth

• It is difficult to know oneself .

• It means failure to hesitate.

• It is important to learn English well.

• It is my dream to travel around the world.

• It is a pity not to see him this time.

特殊句型：It takes sb some time to do sth.It takes sth to do sth.

• It took me ten hours to finish the work.

• It takes courage to say sorry first.

作表语（表具体，表将来）

• 常用来做主语的名词：• dream, ambition, resolution, plan,

wish, job, duty

• 常用来做主语的从句：• What I can/should/have to do…

• All that I can/should/have to do…

• Her ambition is to become an actress.

• My dream is to visit Paris one day.

• His duty is to defend his country.

• Their plan is to take a long vacation.

• Tom’s wish is to fly to the moon some day.

• Our job today is to clean up the house.

• My ambition is to be admitted to Peking University.

• What I can do is (to) wait.

• All (that) she has to do is (to) tell the truth.

• The only thing we could do was (to) find a part-time job.

当主语和表语皆为不定式或动名词时，要保持二者形式的一致。

• To talk to her is to talk to a wall.

• To see is to believe.

• To help others is to help ourselves.

• Talking to her is talking to a wall.

• Seeing is believing.

• Helping others is helping ourselves.

BE TO DO STH

• be to do 表示 : 预定或预计做某事；应该、必须、注定会做某事。表将来。

We are to hold an art exhibition next month.

He is to become a great man.

Everyone is to do something for our class.

特殊句型

• Sb /sth be to blame (for sth).

• I think she is to blame.

• The traffic jam was to blame.

• Tom rather than I ____________ ( 该负责 ) for the loss.

is to blame

不定式作表语表将来；动名词作表语表概念，习惯，或经常发生的动作。

• My job is teaching English, but today my job is to babysit my little nephew.

• My hobby is collecting stamps.

作宾语： V.+to do sth

• 有些动词后要求跟不定式作宾语 :

expect, decide, happen, refuse, tend, fail, manage

• 有些要求跟动名词作宾语 :

• finish, mind, appreciate, imagine,

有些动词后两种都可以跟，但意思不同，请注意。

• Remember to do sth• Remember doing sth• Forget to do sth• Forget doing sth• Stop to do sth• Stop doing sth

• Regret to do sth

• Regret doing sth

• Can’t help to do sth

• Can’t help doing sth

• Mean to do sth.

• Mean doing sth.

• Seem to do…• Seem to be doing…• Seem to have done…• appear/pretend/happen 也跟这三

种形式的不定式作宾语。• I happen to go there.• I happen to be reading the book.• I happen to have read the book.

做宾补 : V+ sb (to) do sth

• 要带 to 的：• ask/tell/warn/persuade sb to do st

h; encourage sb to do sth; inspire sb to do sth; expect sb to do sth

注意下列几个词的用法

• allow/permit/forbid/advise sb to do sth

allow/permit/forbid/advise doing sth

suggest sb’s /sb doing sth

不带 to 的不定式做宾补

• 1. 使役动词： make, let, have

即： make/let/have sb do sth

make 可以由被动结构，在被动结构中，要还原 to, 即：

be made to do sth.

而 let, have 不用于被动结构

The boss makes the children work 10 hours a day.

The children are made to work 10 hours a day.

Let us go in.

I will have a worker repair your car.

2. 感官类动词后也要求跟不带 to 的不定式，切变被动结构时也要还原to.

hear/see/notice/watch sb do sth

be seen/heard/noticed to do sth

I saw him go out .

He was seen to go out.

区分以下几种形式的宾补

• see sb doing sth

• see sb do sth

• see sb/sth done

• make sb do sth.

• make sb done ( make oneself heard/understood/noticed)

主补• be made/seen to do sth

• be told /asked to do sth

• 句型：Sb. be said / reported / known /believed

to do

to be doing

to have done

作定语

• 与所修饰的名词之间有三种关系：• 1. 主动关系：He is not a man to bow before difficult

ies.

Is Tom a man to keep his word?

He is always the first to arrive and the last to leave.

2. 动宾关系 ( 句子中有不定式动作的逻辑主语，这一点很关键。）

• I have lots of things to do.

• Let’s find a comfortable place to live in.

• I have a family to support.

• Is he a man to depend on （ for me) ?

Compare

• Do you have any clothes to wash?

• Do you have any clothes to be washed?

• Do you have any clothes to be washed (by me) ?

• There is nothing to do (for us).

• There is nothing to eat.

• There are a lot of cars _________

(choose) from.

I don’t have a pen ____________ with.

to choose

to write

句型：There is no need (for sb) to do sth

3. 同位关系，即说明其修饰名词的内容

Thanks for giving me a chance to go abroad.

Is this a way to save time?

He has the ability to communicate with others.

I have a dream to become a doctor.

Remember

• 当名词前有序数词，最高级， the only/ very/last 修饰时，用不定式。

• He is the only man to survive.

• He is the very one to help us.

• He is the best one to be fit for the job.

做状语

• 1. 目的状语（可位于句首或句尾）• To save the child, he lost his own

life.

• He worked hard to pass the exams.

• I’ve come here to see you.

in order to & so as to

• In order to 可在句首或句尾；而 so as to 只能在句尾。

• He worked hard in order to/so as to pass the exams.

• In order to pass the exams, he worked hard .

• In order not to fail in the exams, he worked hard .

2. 结果状语

• ① too… to…; …enough to do…; so…as to do…

• He is too young to go to school.• He is not old enough to go to

school.• He isn’t so stupid as to believe

him.

• ② (only) to do… 表出乎意料的结果；而 doing 表必然结果。

• He hurried to the station, only to find the train had left.

• The man died, (only) leaving his son alone in the world.

• ③ 其它His father lived to be 108 years old.

What have I said to make you so angry?

He left his wife never to return.

He fell off his bike to break his leg.

3. 原因状语

• Sb be +adj. to do/have done…

• I’m pleased to meet you.

• I feel honored to go to the party.

• She is disappointed to see that.

• I’m sorry to have given you so much trouble.

• They jumped with joy to hear the news.

• He burst into laughter to see his funny look.

She fell into despair to know the truth .

复合谓语

• 1.sb/sth be+adj. +to do.

• 该句型的主语和不定式的动词之间有动宾关系，但不定时只用主动式。

• The air is hard to breathe.

• He is easy to get along with.

2.Sb/sth be+ adj.+ to do sth

• be willing to do sth.• be ready to do sth• be anxious/eager to do sth• be able/unable to do sth• be bound to do sth• be likely/unlikely to do sth• be careful to do sth

插入语

• To tell the truth

• To begin/start with

• To be honest

• To be frank

• To make things worse