Thit lp cc thng s ca my nh s chp c mt tm nh p ngoi vic phi chn
ng cc ch chp cn phi bit cch thit lp thm cc thng s khc, l cc thng s
lin quan n cht lng ca nh nh kch thc, sng ti, mu sc...Ngoi tr mt s
thit lp thng dng c cc nt chnh dnh ring, cc thit lp khc khi mun thay
i phi truy cp vo trnh n (Menu) hay chn chc nng (Function).Cc thit
lp c bn ca my nh s Focus(ly nt): Chc nng iu chnh r cho nh chp. Ty
theo my nh m ngi s dng c th chn ly nt t ng (Auto Focus) hoc ly nt
bng tay (Manual Focus) Auto Focus(AF): Ly nt (tiu c) t ng vi cc ty
chnMulti AF(nhiu im trn nh) vCenter(ly nt trung tm nh) hocSpot
AF(ly nt ti mt im cho ngi dng chn). Manual Focus: Chnh nt bng tay,
dng trong trng hp my khng th ly nt t ng do thiu sng hoc ly nt khng
chnh xc. Ngoi ra torng mt s trng hp ngi s dng mun ly nt theo mnh
tng thm s sng to cho nh chp. Focus mode: Ch ly nt viContinuous
AF(ly nt lin tc k c khi khng chp) vSingle AF(ch ly nt khi nhn xung
phn na nt chp). Metering Mode: Ch o sng, gip cho my nh nhn bit sng
ca nh. Thng thng my nh s c nhiu kiu o sng ph hp vi tng kiu
chp.Evaluative: Ly gi tr sng trung bnh ton nh.Center-Weighted: Ly
gi tr sng ca ton nh nhng nhn mnh phn chnh gia (trng tm) ca nh.Spot:
Ly gi tr sng ca mt im duy nht trong nh. Exposure: phi sng ca nh, do
c ch t ng cn bng phi sng ca my nh nn i lc phi sng s khng th chnh xc
vi cc trng hp c bit (hu cnh qu ti hoc qu sng). Khi cn thit lp thng
s ny can thip vo mc ti hoc sng ca nh (0l bnh thng, gi tr-l gim sng,
gi tr+l tng sng). White Balance: Cn bng trng, thng s gip my nh nhn
bit cc ngun sng cho ra ng mu trng trong cnh chp.Auto White Balance:
T ng cn bng trng, thng chnh xc trong a s trng hp.Daylight: nh sng
mt tri.Cloudy: nh sng trong bng rm.Tungsten: nh sng ca n si tc (n
trn).Fluorescent: nh sng n Neon thng.Fluorescent H: nh sng trng ca
n Neon.Custom: T chnh cn bng trng. Flash: n chp sng h tr chp trong
iu kin thiu sng, vi cc ch :Flash Off: Khng s dng Flash.Flash On: S
dng Flash.Flash Auto: T ng Flash khi cn thit.Red-eye: Gip gim hin
tng b mt khi chp ban m vi n Flash.Flash Output: iu chnh nh sng
Flash mnh hay yu. ISO: Thng s nhy sng, thng s cng cao th nh cng
sng. ISO gip tng sng trong cc trng hp chp ni thiu sng m khng th s
dng Flash hay chp tc cao. Lu nu chnh thng ISO cng cao th nh s cng b
nhiu ht, trong trng hp ny c th s dng chc nngNoise Reduction gip gim
nhiu ht cho nh. Resolution: phn gii ca nh, thng s ny s quyt nh n
kch thc ca nh vi cc mc: Small(VGA, 1MP): phn gii thp, nh thng ch c
dng xem trn mn hnhvi tnh. Medium(2MP, 3MP,...): phn gii trung bnh,
dng khi in nh c kch thc thng thng (10x15cm, 13x18cm,...).
Large(5MP, 6MP,...): phn gii cao, dng khi in nh c kch thc ln
(20x30cm hoc hn). Quality & Compression: Cht lng v nn nh, nn
cng cao th cht lng nh s cng gim. Thng thng c 3 cp :Normal: nh c cht
lng trung bnh v dung lng nh, thch hp khi xem trn mn hnh vi tnh v gi
email, chia s nh trn web. Nu chn thng s ny s cho php chp c nhiu nh
hn.Fine: nh c cht lng tt v dung lng ln hn Normal, y l thng s thng
dng thch hp khi xem trn mn hnh vi tnh v in nh c nh (10x15cm hoc
13x18cm).Super Fine: nh c cht lng cao v dung lng cng ln nht, dng
thng s ny khi mun nh c cht lng cao. Thng s ny thng c chn khi c nhu
cu chnh sa nh hoc in nh kch thc ln.nh chp c cht lng thp khi phng to
cc chi tit ca nh s b nhe, khng sc nt. nh chp cht lng cao khi thu nh
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Lm th no chp nh k thut s r ntC c mt tm nh k thut s r nt l iu m
tt c nhng ngi chp nh u mong mun. Tuy nhin, vic c c mt tm nh r,
trong v sc nt c th s kh i vi nhiu ngi, nht l nhng ngi mi lm quen vi
my nh k thut s.Nguyn nhn chnh lm cho nh thiu sc ntTrc khi cp n vn
lm th no chp c nh sc nt, chng ta s tm hiu v cc nguyn nhn chnh lm
cho nh thiu sc nt. Ly nt cha ng- Mt trong nhng nguyn nhn thng gp
nht l nh khng c ly nt ng. iu ny c th xy ra khi ly nt sai i tng
trong cnh chp, khong cch chp qu gn lm cho my nh khng ly nt c, chn
khu lm cho su trng nh qu hp hoc thao tc chp qu nhanh khi my nh cha
kp ly nt. Ch th chuyn ng- Mt kiu nhe khc ca nh chp l kt qu ca vic
chp mt ch th ang chuyn ng, iu ny thng xy ra do tc chp qu chm. My nh
b rung- nh s b nhe tng t nh khi chp ch th chuyn ng. Vic ny thng lin
quan n tc chp v/hoc s c nh, vng chc ca my nh. Nhiu ht- Tm nh b nhiu
ht s khng c r nt v cc nhiu ht ny s "" ln mt s im nh v lm mt i chi
tit ca im nh . (Ging nh khi xem TV b nhiu ht).Cch chp nh k thut s r
ntGi vng my nha s nh chp b m l do my nh b rung do cm my khng vng
hoc ca vic nhn nt chp v tc ng ca mn trp. Trong khi cch tt nht gii
quyn vn rung my l s dng gi (Tripod) th a s trng hp u cm my bng tay
khi chp. Hy s dng c hai tay cm my nh, gi cho my nh st vi c th ca
bn, c th ta vo m bc tng hoc thn cy...Gi ba chnCch tt nht gim hoc
thm ch l loi b hon ton vic my nh b rung. Tuy vic ny l khng thc t
nhng bn s nhn c kt qu xng ng.Tc chpC l mt trong nhng iu u tin cn lu
khi mun chp c nh r nt l vic la chn tc chp. R rng l tc chp nhanh hn
s t b tc ng n do my b rung v s d dng chp "dnh" c bt k ch th chuyn
ng no trong nh chp. Kt qu l s gim c c hai kiu m ca nh chp (do ch th
chuyn ng v ny nh b rung). Hy nh cc nguyn tc v tc chp: Chn tc chp vi
mt mu s ln hn di tiu c ca ng knh. Nu ng knh c di tiu c l 50mm, ng
chp tc chm hn 1/60 giy. Nu ng knh c di tiu c l 100mm, chp tc 1/125
giy hoc nhanh hn. Nu ng knh c di tiu c l 200mm, chp tc 1/250 giy
hoc nhanh hn.Hy nh rng nu chn tc chp nhanh hn th cn phi iu chnh khu
b li, nhng vic ny s lm cho su trng nh hp v vic ly nt nh chp s kh
hn.Khu Khu tc ng n su trng nh (vng r nt) ca hnh nh. Gim khu (tng mu
s - ni n f/20) s lm tng su trng nh, c ngha l nh s c ly nt vng pha
trc (gn) v pha sau (xa) v tr ca ch th. Ngc li (v d f/4) vng r nt s
hp v bn phi ch hn trong vic ly nt ng i tng.ISOISO l yu t th ba
trong tam gic phi sng, nh hng trc tip ca n chnh l lm nh b nhiu ht.
Chn mc ISO ln s cho php chp vi tc nhanh hn v khu nh hn (cn thit cho
vic chp nh r nt). Do mc ISO cao s lm cho nh b nhiu ht v mc nhiu ht
t hay nhiu s ty thuc vo tng my nh khc nhau, cho nn hy c gng s dng
mc ISO cng thp cng tt.n nh hnh nhMt s my nh v ng knh c chc nng n nh
hnh nh (Image Stabilisation) bng cc cng ngh khc nhau, n khng loi b
hon ton nhng cng lm gim bt nh hng ca s rung my. Hy ghi nh l chc nng
ny ch gip gim nh hng do rung my gip chp vi tc thp ch khng phi dng
chp cc i tng chuyn ng.
Ly ntC l k thut ly nt l yu t chnh nh hng n r nt ca nh chp. hu ht
chng ta thng s dng ch ly nt t ng (Auto Focus) ca my nh m khng ngh
rng my nh cng c th ly nt khng chnh xc. Hy lun kim tra trn mn hnh
chc nh c ly nt trc khi nhn nt chp. Vic ny rt cn thit khi chp vi khu
ln (chiu su trng nh hp), ch cn ch th hi b lch khi vng r nt l s b
m.ng knh ttiu ny cn thit i vi cc my nh chuyn nghip (DSLR). Nu bn c
kh nng trang b ng knh c cht lng tt th cng s c c nhng hnh nh sc nt
hn v cn lu l khng phi ng knh no cng c cht lng nh nhau.
Hy kim tra mt ca bn.Hy kim tra chc l mt ca bn khng c vn g, nht l
khi s dng knh. Nu my nh ca bn c nt chnh "diopter", nt ny c dng bnh
xe xoay nm bn cnh ng ngm (View finder) th hy s dng n iu chnh cho ph
hp vi mt ca bn.Lm sch my nhNhng vt d, bi,... trn ng knh hoc b cm
bin nh s lm nh hng n cht lng nh chp. Tng t nh vy, nu b cm bin nh ca
my nh DSLR (ng knh ri) nu b dnh bi s to ra cc m chm trn nh sau khi
chp.Chn im sc nt ca ng knhng knh c mt im trong phm vi khu sc nt hn
nhng im khc gi l im sc nt ca ng knh (Lens Sweet Spot). Trong nhiu
trng hp im sc nt l mt hoc hai mc t khu ti a. V vy thay v chp vi ng
knh gc rng (Wide - f/s nh) hy ko li mt hoc hai mc v bn s c c tm nh
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mo gip chp nh ban m p hn bng my nh s ph thng
My nh s ph thng l dng my nh ngm v chp (Point and Shoot) c nhiu
ngi s dng. Tuy cc my nh loi ny u c ch chp ban m nhng nu khng bit
cch s dng th bn khng th c c nhng bc nh ban m p.Sau y l cc mo gip
chp nh ban m p hn bng my nh s ph thng:S dng tc chp chmHu ht cc my
nh s u c kh nng iu chnh tc chp. Tuy nhin khng phi my nh loi ph thng
no cng c ch chp cnh m (Night Scenes) vi cc thit lp m rng cho php
diu chnh tc chp ty . Bn hy kim tra xem my nh ca mnh c kh nng ny hay
khng.Hy th chp vi cc tc khc nhauChng ta u bit l tc chp cng chm s
cho bc nh cng sng hn. Nhng nu chp cnh thnh ph vo ban m th c th s
khng c y nh sng, c ngha l my nh ca bn s phi iu chnh khu sao cho hnh
nh c c phi sng tt. Thng thng lc ny my nh c th s gim tc chp khong 20
giy. Mt khc, thay i tc chp cng cho php chp cc vt n pha ko di vi cc
mc khc nhau. Tc chp chm v s iu chnh khu nh tng ng s ly nt c cc ta
nh xa.
Tm mt ch no vng chcBn c th chp vi tc 20 giy m khng cn n gi ba
chn? Chc l khng ri, bi v trong thi gian 20 giy ny, trc khi my nh
hon tt vic ghi nh th s c rt nhiu thay i khng mong mun xy ra do tay
cm my khng vng. Nu bn khng c sn mt gi ba chn (Tripod) th hy tm mt
ch no hoc bt c g vng chc t my nh khi s dng tc chp chm.Gi hi th bnh
thng v chpSau khi nhn nt chp, hy vn c gi nguyn ngn tay ca bn trn nt
chp, ng vi b tay ra v vic ny c th lm cho my nh b lc lc. Khng cn phi
nn th m hy vn c th bnh thng v n nh.Lu khi s dng ISO chp cnh m (thiu
sng)ISO c th l bn hay k th khi chp cnh ban m. My nh ph thng thng
khng c tnh nng lm gim nhiu ht (noise reduction) v cc tnh nng ny
thng cng khng nh mong mun. iu ny lm cho cc nh chp vi ISO ln hn 400
b nhiu ht. C ngi thch nhng cng c ngi khng thch. Nu bn khng thch nh
c b nhiu ht ny th hy lu khi thay i cc thit lp ISO.S dng tnh nng gim
nhiu nu c th c.Nh cp bn trn, khng phi my nh s no cng c tnh nng gim
nhiu ht (noise reduction) khi chp trong iu kin thiu sng vi thit lp
ISO cao, bn s d dng nhn thy nhiu ht khi phng to nh. Tuy nhin nu my
nh c tnh nng ny th bn hy s dng n v trong nhiu trng hp n tht s hiu
qu, nht l khi chp bu tri vo ban m v d nhin l my nh cng s mt thm mt
khong thi gian x l nhiu ht.Trong hnh minh ha di y, nh c chp ban m
vi thit lp ISO cao. nh trn bn tri c chp khi khng s dng tnh nng gim
nhiu ht trong khi nh di bn tric chp trong ch gim nhiu ht(noise
reduction).
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hiu v cn bng trng - White Balance trong my nh sCn bng trng l g?Cn
bng trng (White Balance) l mt k thut khc ca nhip nh m nhiu ngi s
dng my nh khng hiu hoc khng s dng n. Nhng y l mt vn ng c quan tm v
n tht s nh hng n mu sc ca nh chp.Bn c th nhn thy iu ny khi kim tra
cc bc nh sau khi chp v nhn thy mt s nh b ng sang mu da cam, mu
xanh, vng,... mc d thc t khi nhn bng mt cc cnh trng kh bnh thng.Ti
sao phi iu chnh cn bng trng?n gin nht - l do chng ta iu chnh cn bng
trng l c c mu sc trong hnh nh ca bn l chnh xc nht c th.Ti sao bn cn
phi c c mu sc ng trong bc nh ca bn?Bn c th thy khi kim tra cc bc nh
sau khi chp v nhn thy mt s nh b ng sang mu da cam, mu xanh, vng,...
mc d thc t khi nhn bng mt cc cnh trng kh bnh thng. L do cho iu ny l
hnh nh c cc ngun sng khc nhau s c mt "mu" khc nhau (nhit mu). nh
sng n hunh quang s lm cho cc bc nh ng mu xanh trong khi nh sng ca
bng n si t, n pha s lm cho cc bc nh ng mu vng.
Phm vi nhit khc nhau c th thay i t nh sng ca bu tri mu xanh rt
mt m cho n qua nh sng m p ca mt cy nn.Chng ta thng khng nhn thy s
khc bit trong nhit v mt ca chng ta c iu chnh t ng. V vy, tr khi
nhit ca nh sng l rt sng nh mt t giy trng ni chung s trng c mu trng
i vi chng ta. Tuy nhin, mt my nh k thut s khng c tr thng minh thc
hin cc iu chnh t ng v i khi s cn chng ta ni vi n nh th no iu tit nh
sng khc nhau.V vy, i vi nh sng lnh hn (mu xanh dng hoc xanh l cy),
bn s ni cho my nh bit lm m v trong nh sng m p, bn s ni cho n bit lm
lnh xung.iu chnh cn bng trngMy nh k thut s khc nhau s c nhng cch iu
chnh cn bng trng khc nhau cho nn bn cn xem hng dn s dng my nh ca bn
tm ra cc iu chnh c th. C nhiu my nh k thut s c ch t ng v bn t ng
gip bn thc hin iu chnh cn bng trng.Cc thit lp cn bng trng sn cDi y
l mt s cc thit lp cn bng trng c bn, bn s tm thy trn my nh: Auto-
Thit lp t ng, my nh s t nhn bit v iu chnh cn bng trng t ng. Bn s
thy n hot ng tt trong nhiu tnh hung, nhng thnh thong s khng ng i vi
cc ngun nh sng phc tp hn. Tungsten/Incandescent- Thit lp ny thng c
biu tng l mt bng n nh v c dng khi chp trong nh, c bit l di nh sng
ca bng n trn (tungsten). N thng lm lnh cc mu sc trong nh.
Fluorescent- nh n hunh quang (Neon), ch ny s b p cho nh sng 'mt m'
ca n hunh quang v s lm m dn ln bc nh ca bn. Daylight/Sunny- nh sng
ban ngy/nng, khng phi tt c my nh no cng c thit lp ny v n s thit lp
cn bng trng theo nh sng bnh thng. Cloudy Tri c my, thit lp ny thng
lm m hn ch "nh sng ban ngy. Flash- n flash ca my nh c th l mt nh
sng kh mt m do , trong thit lp cn bng sng Flash, bn thy n s lm m ln
bc nh ca bn. Shade Bng rm, nh sng trong bng rm mt hn so vi chp
trong nh sng mt tri trc tip, thit lp ny s lm m hnh nh ln mt cht.iu
chnh cn bng trng bng tayTrong hu ht trng hp, bn c th c c mt kt qu
kh chnh xc bng cch s dng cc Cc thit lp cn bng trng sn c trn - nhng
mt s my nh k thut s (hu ht cc my DSLR v loi "ngm v chp") cho php iu
chnh cn bng trng bng tay (Manual White Balance).Cch ny c s dng thay
i mt cht gia cc cnh chp, thc cht nhng g bn lm l ch cho my nh bit nh
th no l mu trng. Khi chn thit lp ny, my nh s cho bn chp th mt cnh m
trng m bn s dng lm im tham chiu quyt nh mu sc khc. Bn c th lm iu ny
bng cch s dng mt th mu trng (hoc mu xm) c thit k c bit cho vic ny.
Bn cng c th tm thy mt s vt th khc c mu thch hp xung quanh bn thc
hin.Chng ta s lm iu ny vi hai bc nh sau y. nh u tin l mt s sch trn
k sch c thc hin trong ch t ng cn bng trng (Auto White balance). nh
sng trong phng l t ba bng n nh sng bnh thng v kt qu l hnh nh kh m
hoc mu vng.
Sau khi chp bc nh ny chng ta s chuyn sang thit lp cn bng trng
bng tay v s dng mt mnh giy trng lm mu mu trng. Vi thit lp ny nh chp
c kt qu nh hnh di y, bn s thy mt mu sc tht hn nhiu dy mu hn so vi
hnh nh u tin.
iu chnh thit lp cn bng trng ny rt d, bn c th tm thy thit lp ny
trong trnh n trn my nh ca bn v n cng rt hu ch trong mt s trng
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dng ch chp u tin khu v tc ca my nh sTrong bi vit ny, chng ta s tm
thi t b ch t ng (Auto) xem xt cc yu t phi sng nh khc ca my nh s.
Chng ta bit v khu , tc chp v ISO ca my nh s, v cng khm ph c nhng
hiu qu khi thay i cc thng s ca chng.By gi chng ta hy xem xt v l
thuyt khi thay i cc yu t ny bng cch cch s dng hai ch chp m nhiu my
nh s c trang b, hai ch ny l u tin khu v u tin tc . y l bc u tin cn
bit khi t b ch t ng sang ch chnh tay.Chng ta bit ba yu t v nh hng
ca chng vi nhau trongtam gic phi sng. y l trng hp thng gp vi khu v
tc . Chng hn khi gim khu (tng m ca ng knh ln hn) bn s lm tng lng nh
sng vo cm bit nh. Bn s nhn c kt qu tng t khi chp vi tc chm hn.Cc ch
u tin trong my nh su tin khu v u tin tc l ch bn t ng. Chng cho php
bn thay i cc thit lp ty chnh nhng vn m bo phi sng tt bi v my nh t
iu chnh cc thit lp khc.Ch u tin khu (Aperture Priority Mode)(Thng
trn mn hnh s hin th biu tng lAhocAvkhi c chn)Trong ch ny, bn s t
chn cc thng s v khu chp theo ca mnh cn my nh s quyt nh cc thng s v
tc chp cho ph hp vi iu kin m bn ang chp.Khi no s s dng ch u tin khu
?Nu bn xem bi vit v khu th s thy tc dng chnh ca n l lm thay i su
trng nh - Depth of Field (DOF), cho nn hu ht mi ngi u s dng ch u
tin khu khi mun chp trong trng hp ny. Nu mun c su trng nh cn (nh nh
trong hnh bn phi, ch c cnh hoa l r nt cn cc tin cnh v hu cnh u b
m). Trong trng hp ny cn phi chn khu ln (v d chn f/1.4 nh trong hnh)
v cho my t chn tc chp thch hp. Nu mun mt hnh nh r nt ton b th hy
chn khu nh hn (v d chn f/22) v cho my nh t chn tc chp thch hp (thng
chm hn)Khi la chn khu , hy ghi nh rng my nh s t la chn tc chp nhanh
hoc chm hn v c mt ct mc ca tc chp cn ch phi gi yn tay cm my sau khi
nhn nt chp (thng l khong 1/60). Mt khi tc chp chm hn mc ny bn c th
phi cn n gi ba chn (Tripod). Ngoi ra nu bn chp mt i tng ang di
chuyn th tc chp chm s lm cho nh ca bn b m.Ch u tin tc (Shutter
Priority Mode)(Thng trn mn hnh s hin th biu tng lTvhocSkhi c
chn)Trong ch chp ny, bn s chn tc mun chp v my nh s la chn khu thch
hp nh chp c phi sng tt.Khi no s s dng ch u tin tc ?Trong bi vit v
tc chp c ni n vic thay i tc chp s nh hng nh th no n cc chuyn ng khi
chp nh. Chng hn khi chp nh mt chic xe ua, mun ly nt ton b cnh m
khng b m bt c chi tit no th s phi chn tc chp nhanh(v d 1/2000 nh
trong hnh di y)v my nh s xem xt lng nh sng hin ti thip lp khu thch
hp.
Nu thay vo bn mun chp hnh chic xe nhng vn mun gi li cc chuyn ng
m to cm gic chic xe ang chy nhanh. Lc ny bn s chn tc chp chm hn(nh
trong nh v d di y c tc c chp l 1/125)v my nh s chn khu nh hn.
Hy nh rng khi my nh la chn khu khc nhau, n s nh hng n su trng nh
(DOF). C ngha l nu chn tc chp nhanh chp mt ch th ang chuyn ng th s
c mt su trng nh cn.
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iu chnh khu v tc trn my nh s ph thngMy nh s ph thng l loi my nh ngm
v chp (Point and Shoot). y l dng my nh dnh cho nhng ngi mi s dng nn
ch c mt s chc nng c bn rt hn ch, ch yu l s dng t ng.S ti lc bn mun
chp nhng tm nh c cht lng hn v vic ny i nhng k thut chp vi s thit lp
thng s v khu v tc hp l. Nhng tic l my nh loi ph thng hin c ca bn
khng th p ng c iu ny. Tuy nhin, c 2 cch bn c th thc hin nhng k thut
chp nh nh ngh hn.Tm hiu v tn dng cc tnh nng c sn trn my nh ca bnLa
chn u tin l hy c gng tm hiu cc tnh nng hin c trn my nh ca bn v hc
cch s dng n mt cch thnh thc. y khng phi l la chn tt, n ch gip bn tn
dng nhng g ang c sn m thi bi v cc chc nng hu ht u t ng v vic thay i
cc thng s rt hn ch.Vic hiu r v s dng cc ch ny c th cho php bn iu
khin my nh c nhiu hn mt cht, chng hn nh thay i khu v tc . chuyn
sang s dng cc ch chp nh sn, thng thng bn s chn MenuScene.Yu cu t ra
l bn mun thay i khu v su trng nh. Gii php l bn hy chn mt trong hai
ch chn dung (Portrait) v phong cnh (Landscape) Nu bn mun chp vi su
trng nh cn (ch c i tng chp c r nt cn tin cnh v hu cnh s b m). Hy
chn ch chp chn dung, my nh s t ng thay i khu rng hn. Nu bn mun chp
nh c su trng rng (ton b nh s c r nt nh nhau). Hy chn ch chp phong
cnh, my nh s thay i khu nh hn trong trng hp ny. Tip theo, bn li mun
thay i tc chp. Chng hn nh khi mun chp mt chic xe ang chy nhanh. Lc
ny hy chn ch th thao (Sports), my nh s chp vi tc cao hn. Khi mun
chp tc chm, bn s gp nhiu tr ngy v khng phi my nh s ph thng no cng c
sn ch cho trng hp ny. Tuy nhin bn c th s dng ch chp ban m (nu c),
nhng ng thi n Flash cng s hot ng. Hy th che n Flash li v kim tra kt
qu sau khi chp.
Tt nhin l cc ch ny u khng cho php bn tinh chnh cc thng s chi
tit, nhng n cng gp bn m rng tm kim sot cc ch chp m my nh hin c.Nu
bn mun iu khin thm nhiu chc nng khc th hy ngh n vic trang b mt my
nh s cao cp hn.Nng cp my nh s ca bnLa chn u tin v ti u nht l bn hy
trang b mt my nh s cao cp hn v cho php bn thay i cc thng s ty , bn
khng cn phi dng n nhng th thut bn trn.Nu bn ang tm kim mt loi my nh
cao cp hn, s c hai la chn chnh. l mt my nh chuyn nghip DSLR hoc mt
my nh loi ph thng ngm v chp khc vi nhiu chc nng hn (dng my nh bn
chuyn nghip). Lc ny, vic la chn loi my nh no s cn ty thuc vo ngn
sch ca bn.
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hiu v phi sng - Tam gic phi sng trong nhip nhNu bn mun thay i ch
chp t ng trn my nh s ca mnh v th nghim vi cc thit lp ty chnh bng
tay th cn phi bit n ba yu t lin quan n nh sng ca nh gi l phi sng
(exposure).Tam gic phi sngBa yu t ny to thnh mt tam gic phi sng
(The exposure triangle). Mi gc ca tam gic phi sng lin quan n nh sng
v cc yu t ny c th iu chnh c trn my nh s.
Ba yu t trong tam gic phi sng ISO: nhy sng, l thc o nhy cm bin
nh sng ca my nh s, thng c gi l. Aperture: Khu , l ln ca ng knh c m
ra khi chp mt tm nh. Shuter Speed: Tc chp, l thi gian m mn trp thu
nhn nh.Giao im ca ba yu t ny s nh hng n phi sng ca nh chp. Mi s
thay i ca mt trong nhng yu t ny s nh hng n cc yu t kia. C ngha l bn
khng th tch bit cc yu t ny m cn phi lun ghi nh n chng.
Bn c th hiu v tam gic phi sng vi nhip nh k thut s bn cch lin tng
n ca s ca mt cn phng, trong mn trp ca my nh ging nh mt ca s vi nhng
ca chp ng v m.Khu l kch thc ca ca s. Nu n cng ln th nh sng c thng
vo cn phng sng hn.Tc chp l thi gian m cc ca s m v c gi lu nh sng
vo.By gi bn hy tng tng mnh ang trong phng v eo knh rm. i mt ca bn c
th s khng nhn thy g (n ging nh l nhy sng thp).C mt s cch tng lng nh
sng trong phng nh tng thi gian m ca s (gim tc chp), tng kch thc ca
ca s (tng khu ) hoc c th tho mt knh rm ra (tng nhy sng).Tm li, bn
cn phi thc hnh nhiu nm vng k thut phi sng. Hy th thay i cc thit lp
nhn thy s khc bit. Ty trng hp m thay i yu t no v chng khng nh hng
ti phi sng m cn lin quan n cc kha cnh khc nh vic thay i khu s nh
hng n su ca trng (Field), thay i nhy sng s nh hng n nhiu ht (Noise)
ca nh v thay i tc s nh hng n vic chp cc i tng ang chuyn ng.Bn cn lu
l ngoi cch chp theo ch t ng (Auto Mode) v thit lp ty chnh bng tay
(Manual Mode), my nh s cn c la chn chp u tin theo tc (Shutter
Priority) hoc khu (aperture priority) cho php bn thc hin cc quyt nh
v mt hoc hai yu t ca tam gic phi sng v cho my t ng x l cc yu t cn
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