Thực vật với stress

7/23/2019 Thc vt v i stress

1/34

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D. I .......................................................................................4

J. FL M^FB......................................................................................:L. ]rnss...............................................................................................................:

4. Ptrnss e b ?...............................................................................................:

:. lu b xy rd vl tk` vt trob !u" trk #$ strnss.................................:

%. &k #l't strnss.........................................................................................%

(. Ptrnss v )*l s+b `,d tk` vt.................................................................(LL. Ptrnss #-` x /8t tr*l...................................................................................

4. Ptrnss "k s"b..........................................................................................

:. Ptrnss #-` x tld t0 bol.........................................................................4=

LLL. Ptrnss >o kl3t )2 `` )od.......................................................................44

4. &kl3t )2 `` )od v bll k kl3t )2 `ko s s+b...............................4:

:. ]k` vt >;l s-` ;l `"l ek v s;7b bl".......................................................4(

(. 1t )b tH tk;7b....................................:=

%. ]k` vt s+b s


2/34

4. FOl tr;*b s+b /8..........................................................................:%

:. Xk k;Tb `,d Kb )2 /u+l `do )' tk` vt..................................:%

%. P+b s


3/34

D.I ^

]k` vt tC tr"l )1t9 `ko >[ slk tr;Tb T #1t `- )Mu9 `kGb euO kl

`k$u k\b t"` )2b `` )od tW `"` kM t+ slk tk"l v e/ k k;Tb tl Dk

5b slk tr;Tb9 k"t trlQ v tK tl `,d `My.

"` kM t+ slk tk"l `,d tk` vt #do bK/U kl3t )29 "k s"b9 ;`9 `"`

`k1t Dko"b trob )1t9 DkOb Dk^ YV:9 V:..._9 sMu #3k kl. "` kM t+ slk

tk"l tk;*b tkdy )Hl `< t^k `k1t `ku D tkno by9 /[d9 5/. ]uy k\b #l'

)Hl y `,d `"` kM t+ slk tk"l `< t^k H )$k9 sob )Ol Dkl `< k\b #l' )Hl

v;ht rd bol bll k s+b #k tk;*b `,d `7 tkQ tk` vt bMy C kl3 t;hb

strnss. k^k v vy9 trl !ud #do klCu tk' k39 >o !u" trk `kN eN` t klC eMu

)*l / tk` vt ) kk tkk k\b k -b tk^`k bkl9 v )8` #l3t `< klu

eol ) tl' ko" )Q `< tkQ slk tr;Tb v k"t trlQ #k tk;*b trob /Ol tr;*b

`k$u strnss tk;*b xuyC. &k\b tk` vt DkOb `< k\b tk^`k -b /db )8`

tr;b `k+b `k$u vl k\b #l' )Hl strnss y tk sj #$ tlCu >l3t bdy.

"` bklC `-u v t^k `k+b `k$u slk e^ `,d tk` vt blG `o b;*l )

xu1t `"` #l3 k" t5b Dk 5b s xu1t `,d `My trKb trC `"` v[b slk tk"l

euO `< `"` y'u t+ #1t #hl xy rd.

@N` vlC B;7b @Kb G` Ako" :=4(E:=4I


4/34

J. FL M^FB

L. ]rn

4. !"rn #$ %& '

Ptrnss e k\b tk ku+b Dk< `k$u `,d /Ol tr;*b )+l vl tk` vt9 bMy

k k;Tb #1t ehl `ko s slk tr;Tb9 k"t trlQ v s tK tl `,d tk` vt.

Ptrnss `kR s sdl e3`k )"b DQ `,d /2t y'u t+ /Ol tr;*b so vl )lu Dl3

t+l ;u `,d < )+l vl )*l s+b `,d tk` vt. Ptrnss bMy rd k\b tkdy )Hl v

k -b el T t1t ` `"` `1 )2 `k-` 5b `,d `7 tkQ. &k\b tkdy )Hl v )"

-b y `< tkQ );h` k` kKl kdy tK tl vk vl k tku2` vo /-` )2 strnss.

:. ()* %& +,- r /8( " /=" "r>3% 2*; "r&3 $ kl v `;*b )2

by /2t t5b /k tk sj xy rd tk trb g Dl3t !u3 a vo `u+l bldl )o

`k+b `k$u. &'u strnss v;ht !u" bll k `k+b `k$u `b k; s tk^`k bkl e

!u" Dk< Dk5 tk k\b tH tk;7b >o strnss `< tkQ e vk vl ko8` tk` vt #$

`k't.


5/34

E mldl )o k` kKl YZnbnfnrdtlof pkdsn_U ]uy klC 'u strnss DkOb

!u" Dio >l tk `"` `k-` 5b `,d `7 tkQ `< tkQ );h` k` kKl k; #d )cu.

Kfk 4 7 I kfk `` bldl of `d strnss v pk!f "fb `d tk#` v$t

AkOb kl tk` vt euO trl !ud )cy ), ( bldl )o /fl Dkl #$ strnss. F

s xu1t kl3 `,d /fl bldl )o k tku2` vo tk*l bld `,d strnss. &'u strnss

!u" >l v `;*b )2 e tk tk` vt `< Dkl `kR trl !ud % bldl )o e `k #"o9

`k+b `k$u v suy tko"l Ykk 4_9 'u strnss DkOb !u" >l tk tk` vt trl !ud

` ( bldl )o.

0. F=3 1u kl3u k\u kk Y/u s` e"9 D^`k tk;` e"9 `"` tH tk;7b k

tk1y_9 k\b tkdy )Hl elC !ud )' `"` `7 `k' s0d `k\d v `k+b `k$u. Q

kM #l3t `"` !u" trk k" k,y v tHb kh trob Dkl #$ strnss e r1t Dk< Dk59

#Tl `"` !u" trk y DkOb k\b >l rd `kKb `kio / `p xy rd )Kb tk*l.

Xk k;Tb `,d strnss tl tk` vt bMy rd k\b kl3u -b )8` kl3u v DkOb )8`

kl3u.


6/34

@l3u -b strnss )8` kl3u Ystrnssor%spn`l&l` n&&n`ts_ elC !ud )' /2t /`

tlCu );h` x"` )$k rq rb trob `My. 6^ > k;U #-` x `` /k bMy tH

tk;7b tr` tl' eC /b tkyedòl>9 Kb )2 lo )2` kl v Dl/ kol 8b t"`

)2b bdy eC `"` rotnl nl/n.

&k\b #lQu kl3 DkOb )8` kl3u Yfof%spn`l&l` idfl&nstdtlof_ tkQ kl3 `ko

/-` )2 r+l eo bklC/ trNb `,d tk` vt. F2t !u" trk );h` bNl e DkOb )8`

kl3u Dkl < >l rd tkno /2t DlQu DkuO /u / DkOb k tku2` vo # `k1t

kM t+ strnss. 6^ > `ko k\b >1u kl3u DkOb )8` kl3u `,d /2t bldl )o

strnss U k\b tkdy )Hl trob kot )2b `,d nl/n s t^`k ey `"` `k1t `k+b

oxl k9 toòknroe_9 `"` `k1t tk/ tk1u t^`k `` Yroeln9 #ntdln9

oeyoen_ s slk tHb kh `"` rotnl9 oeyd/ln9 `"` kh `k1t tk- `1

Yoeyknoe9 edvool>_ bMy rd #Tl strnss. 8` #l3t e s xu1t kl3 `,d `"` eol

strnss kor/on Yd#s`lsl` d`l>9 ds/odtn9 ntkyenn_9 v k7 \d e k\b #l'

)Hl `"` )8` t^k `,d /b Y)l3 tk' /b9 v `kuyQ !ud /b_9 t5b kO k19

-` `k' !udb tHb kh9 bl/ s xu1t `k1t DkO9 r+l eo t5b tr;Tb9 Dk 5b

slk s tk1.

5. !"rn /$ 96( ?3% H " /="

Prnss k k;Tb )' to #2 `7 tkQ tk` vt U /Nl tH `k-` `,d tk` vt

)u #$ k k;Tb Dkl b8 strnss `ko >[ #d )cu `kR `< /2t kc `< k elC

!ud. "` k -b )+l vl strnss `,d tk` vt );h` )lu DklQ #Tl

kytokor/on. &bdy Dkl /2t kc `,d `My xu1t kl3 /2t s r+l eo9 /2t k

-b DkOb )8` kl3u bdy e t-` );h` to rd #b `"`k tkdy )Hl trob k3 tk+b

kor/on. 6^ >U s r+l eo T v[b r Dkl )1t DkO k9 tkl'u kt `k1t >lk >;wb

v oxl9 > )' s )lu `kRk tR e3 r v `kKl k"t slk9 s Dkdl kod s/ v rb

e".

lu `kRk k -b `,d `7 tkQ vl strnssU trob t klC9 kl'/ Dkl `kR ò vy

Dkl `< strnss tk )< euO e s xu1t kl3 )Kb tk*l ko8` elC tl' `,d `"` kM t+

strnss. 6^ >U T `"` /Ol tr;*b s+b /T tk s #-` x /k9 s !u" kl3t9 k


7/34

k"9 /8 e k\b kM t+ strnss elC !ud v tk;*b xu1t kl3 )Kb tk*l. ]k`

vt tr e*l el vl strnss )Kb tk*l kdy strnss elC t` k* vo s )lu k+l9 )+l

Dk"b9 Dk 5b DkOl k` `,d `"` k -b tr e*l. P-` `k+b `k$u `,d tk`

vt vl `"` y'u t+ strnss )7 e tk;*b >d vo e;hb s k/ `,d bn elC

!ud )' strnss kdy s

kot kdsn blG e vz #o v3 #C bol `,d tk` vt `< Dk

5b `k+b el t"` )2b `,d tld {69 1/ v `"` eol )2b vt 5 tk` vt.

"l bl" )Q Dk` k` strnssU strnss bMy k" vw `"` `1u trG` v s kot

)2b k$ kb `,d `"` !u" trk s+b Dk"` kdu T `1 )2 kM t09 t' #o v

t1t ` `"` `1 )2 tH `k-` `7 tkQ. ]1t ` `"` kot )2b `,d t' #o tW s t"l H )$k

v `"` k -b k` kKl )' `"` !u" trk )lu `kRk9 >uy tr trb tk"l tk^`k

bkl9 >uy tr s H )$k `,d 5b e;hb `ko `"` k -b tr e*l )u `c s0>b 5b e;hb v `"` `k1t kuyQ k[

/Ol tr;*b DkOb `ub `1 ), ;` v `k1t >lk >;wb. } k\b v[b DkO

`9 tk` vt kb `"` `1u trG` `k+b )w #b `"`k bl/ s+ e;hb `"` /O k


8/34

Kfk ' 7 ()* `of `+ ,l-u bnf `k.fb `k/u

s8fb bl `d eol tk#` v$t psnu:otsubd

inf0lnsll slfk tr8=fb `k$i kf fk>fbeol `+ fk* `!i v3l `l efk 2(oen*

4;


9/34

Z. FOl tr;*b k `k'

FOl tr;*b strnss `< tkQ );h` bMy rd #Tl 5b e;hb )cu vo !u" ^t ko8`

!u" klu9 #Tl s `kuyQ )2b !u" kdk ko8` !u" `k/ `,d >pb `k1t 9

ko8` >o k k;Tb DkOb k[ kh v #1t tk;*b tW #C bol.

"` kM t+ strnss

6O slk @\u slk

E ~-` x E ]k` vt

]kl'u kt Ob )G`

u" /-` P / kl/

E &kl3t )2 ]k` vt D^ slk

&


10/34


11/34

Jk;b 5b e;hb #-` x >; tkWd tW k3 tk+b !udb kh sdb `"` `k1t k"t

kuk !udb. &5b e;hb >; tkWd trob e` e `k, y'u );h` e/ bl/ #Tl `ku

trk dtkokyee Ykk (_9 vl s tkd/ bld `,d dsòr#dtn v &B@:9 >lE

noxl>n vloedxdtkl );h` `kuyQ tkk ndxdtkl !ud `k1t trub bld /ooE

noxl>n dtknrdxdtkl. u" trk `kuyQ )Hl y kl /1t vl kGt tW Dkl xu1t

kl3 #-` x /k. F2t `7 `k' #o v3 Dk"` T tk` vt F9 5b e;hb );h`

`kuyQ k;b sdb `"` !u" trk tuc ko k; trdo )Hl beyòedtn v s euM

`kuyQ V:Dkl Dk^ DkHb )l rd /k v bMy

k" k,y `"` s` t+ >l3 e` v /b ellt. "` eol Vxl>orn>u`tdsn v

dtloxl>dts kot )2b bl+b k; /2t e k3 tk+b b5 `k8 #o v3 t' #o9 )8`

#l3t >;l )lu Dl3 strnss t5b /k9 k; "k s"b /k sdu k\b )C/ ek9

e;hb kl3t e trob by9 s tkl'u ;`.

]k` vt tk^`k -b vl strnss "k s"b /k. cu tlC9 )Q tr"k k

k;Tb `,d s >; tkWd "k s"b /k tk` vt `< `"` kk tk-` tr+ s"bU )lu

`kRk v$ tr^ `,d e" tkno k;b k );h` ^t "k s"b k1t ù2 xo `kKl YrCu9

>;7b xR_ # /8t e" );h` #do k, #Tl eOb ko8` s" tkk t' #o >y T /O

#lQu # v k # Y`My e" Dl/9 `My x;7b rKb_ s v )2b `,d e` e trob

`"` /O )Kb kl `kuyQ v /i t' #o. &bol rd9 T /2t s+ eol tk` vt


12/34

4=)8` #l3t e T v[b kl3t )l `< Dk 5b tHb kh `"` kh `k1t k\u `7 /u )z

kdy )z t^d e tko`ydl Ykk Z_. kGb );h` bNl e `"` s` t+ #o v39 kot

)2b k; /2t #2 eN` t+l /u v `kn `k `ko >l3 e`. "` kh `k1t

tko`ydl );h` tHb kh T e t' #o k^d trC `"` t' #o `k-d e` e vy

C DkOb k k;Tb tl e;hb `k1t >l3 e` `,d tk` vt Ykk I_ Y:_. P+ e;hb

`"` s` t+ #o v3 k; `drotnn v eutnl `b t5b eC trob e` e trob )lu

Dl3 "k s"b /k.

Kfk 7 6 `)* pk? :u Kfk 7 Kfk `Pt fbdfb d i e fb ilfk k]d s#

tL`k e^* `` sP` t. Dftko`*dflf

:. !"rn (

]rob "k s"b /8t r*l `kl'u xu+b /8t )1t `< `k-d `"` tld t0 bol9

trob )< #do bK/ k\b #;` sl {6E Y%4ZE(== /_ v k\b #;`s


13/34

44ndxdtkl_9 vy C 'u trob `[b /2t Dkob tk*l bld / "k s"b !u"

/k tk `ku trk dtkokye DkOb tkQ kot )2b )Q tk` kl3 `k-` 5b #o

v3. &k\b tH tk;7b >o {6 T tk` vt `< tkQ );h` x"` )$k #Tl s tkdy )Hl

trob kot )2b `,d `"` nl/ Yt5b `;*b kot )2b `,d nroxl>dsn v -` `k'

kot )2b `,d `yto`kro/n oxl>dsn_9 tk trb bk|o 5b e;hb `,d t' #o Ys

v )2b `,d >pb `k1t buyC slk #$ b;b tr3_9 5b su1t !udb kh tk1 v

r+l eo slk tr;Tb `,d `My.

&k* vo s k1 tk #-` x {6 kl3u !u `,d e s" T #lu # v `"` `k1t

`drotlol>9 edvool> `< trob kc `k1t ezb `,d DkOb #o Y`nee sd_ / `k1t

buyC slk trob t' #o `,d tk` vt #` `do );h` #o v3 Dkzl `"` tH tk;7b

>o "k s"b. P tHb kh `"` s` t+ !udb kh );h` bMy rd #Tl {6 v t^`k ey

klu Dkl strnss.

LLL. !"rn C> 3(" 9 9>3

&l `kuyQ kdk `,d `"`

kM t09 s >l `kuyQ y `k/ k7 T `"` )l kM t09 < e/ `ko `"` /b

slk kN` elk )2b k7. &b;h` el9 kl3t )2 tk1 e/ `ko `"` /b slk kN` trTC Di/ elk )2b v `"` !u" trk slk k


14/34

4:t5b >c trob /2t tl klu !u" trk9 sdu )< e /1t `M #b v suy y'u `ko

tl Dkl k\b `k-` 5b !ud trNb `u+l `[b #$ `k1/ >-t v t' #o `k't.

4. F(" 9 9>3 /$ %(8( 3 3(" 9 > ?3%

]rob /2t vl /Ol tr;*b9 kl3t )2 euO >uy tr T /2t Dkob H )$k v

k[ kh vl k\b kot )2b s+b `,d tk` vt. F8t Dk"`9 T /2t s+ /Ol tr;*b

Yvn #lQ9 v[b ;` tk1_ kl3t )2 #d by eC `do v xu+b tk1 elC t`.

P !u" kl3t T /2t /Ol tr;*b s+b e >o s k1 tk kl3t !u" e trob

Dkl e;hb kl3t tko"t rd el r1t ^t. &buyC kM `k, y'u bMy C s !u" kl3t T

`"` /Ol tr;*b e >o #-` x /8t tr*l. } `"` Dku rWb kl3t )l9 kl3t )2 l vl bl* trob by

v T tk*l )lQ/ y `My `k$u strnss kl3t 8b k1t.

&kl3t )2 `do T /2t Dku v` `p );h` bMy rd #Tl `"` )"/ `k"y. "` )"/

`k"y e tk;*b xy rd T `"` Dku rub r/ v k\b v[b )1t DkO `. kH #l'k1t e `"` )"/ `k"y # /8t9 xu1t k"t tW e e" DkO v )+t `k"y tk/ tk` vt

>;l t" rWb. &k\b )"/ `k"y y `< tkQ tkno `"` k"k `My DkO v )$d y `k"y

ed eC `"` `My `do9 `k"y trC bN sj ed kdk tW `My y sdb `My Dk"` v ` )' `"`

tH tk;7b bklC/ trNb.

#. Ak 5b s+b s;l strnss kl3t )2 `do

]k` vt s+b s


16/34

4("` #l3 k" #o v3 `k+b el kl3t )2 `,d `"` )"/ `k"y k; k"t trlQ

vz `My `"`k kl3t Y vz >y T tkM `My nuoldv nuold:nf:rof_ vz sc s[l9

`< klu su#nrln>_ k"t tlQ # e" O/ e1y `"` kc o `,d `My Ytk` vt kN

eGd_9 `k/ /2t s+ `7 !ud xu+b )1t Y`,_. "` eol tk` vt /2t e" /c/ tk;*b

`kR #$ si/ e0d k* vo e;hb slel`d `do trob tkk t' #o.

F-` )2 `k+b `k$u kl3t `,d `k1t buyC slk Dk"` kdu T `"` eol tk`

vt v Dk"` kdu bl\d `"` /O9 `7 !ud trC `[b /2t `My. P Dk"` kdu eC

!ud tl )lu Dl3 )$d e^ Dku v` kM #+9 buK b+` )$d e^ v s tl' ko" tkno

tk*l bld `,d `"` eol. ]k` vt s+b T v[b ek Yek buyC9 Gl `do_ )8`

#l3t ky `/ vl kl3t9 b;h` el tk` vt v[b kl3t )l v sd /` `< Dk

5b `k+b `k$u vl kl3t `do. &k\b tk` vt ky `/ vl kl3t k; to9 tk`

vt tku slk v T e" o `,d kcu k't tk` vt `< Dk 5b `k+b `k$u T kl3t )2

%=E(Z=9 tk` vt T v[b klu b v DkO k `< tkC `k+b `k$u kl3t )2 Z=E

I== trob Dkob 0d bl*9 tuy klC `< /2t s+ `7 !ud `< tkQ `< bll k

`k+b `k$u eC tl I=E==.

]k` vt tk^`k bkl vl kl3t /1t ^t tk*l bld )Q `< tkQ k -b el vl

strnss kl3t9 !u" trk t5b bll k kl3t )2 `,d `My `< tkQ ko tkk trob vlbl* vo k\b by o

)


17/34


18/34

4Itrk kO k1 D$ Dk^ > )' t' #o t^`k eu klu `k1t )2`. "` k; kl `,d t' #o

by /2t bklC/ trNb v `u+l `[b > )' `"l `k't `,d t' #o.

`. ]H tk;7b >o )nn>_ ko8` ) tWb `k$u kl3t )2 ek `` ek tr;`

)My. "` tlk tkQ #5b )2t b2t xu1t kl3 trob t' #o v e/ `ko `k1t buyC

slk #$ k" ku.

F8t Dk"`9 )


19/34

4td `b e. &bol rd t' #o `k1t );h` e/ slCu ek Ysunr`ooen>_9 t-` e kl3t

)2 xu+b tk1 k7 )lQ/ )


20/34

4tk` vt9 /8t )1t #$ )o DkO k v );h`

bNl e /[d )Ob DkO. &k\b tH tk;7b >o /[d )Ob DkO `< tkQ >l rd tkno

kdl ò );*bU >o /1t `M #b ;` bkC/ trNb v s tH tk;7b Dlk lC.

#. Xk k;Tb Dkl tk` vt `k/ >;l #5b 9 tuy't trob tk*l bld >l

&k\b k k;Tb Dkl tk` vt `k/ >;l #5b v tuy't trob tk*l bld

>l bMy rd #Tl s tkl'u Dk^ V:v )2 tk1/ V:`,d e #5b9 tuy't #do k,. B;l

)lu Dl3 k; vy tk` vt #$ tkl'u oxl v t^`k eu `"` `k1t )2` trob `"` !u"

trk #1t tk;*b9 Kb )2 ntkdoe v V:`do bMy rd k\b tH tk;7b )8` #l3t

bklC/ trNb.

L. ! "(1* X" >+(

P tkl'u kt oxl T v[b r xy rd kH #l' v )d >b. "` v[b )1t #$

b >o ;` e tW `"` ò sOb e9 sOb su+l kz9 tk` vt `k/ trob tuy't9

`"` v[b )1t b ;`9 )c/ ecy9 v[b ek buyC9 )1t `k8t...

4. ! r?( #>3 33% /$ ; C3% "T3 "3%

Akl " su1t tWb kc `,d oxl bl/ xu+b 4EZDd tk k3 s+ kO k1 t5b

eC trC 4. tk` kl3 `"` kot )2b D$ Dk^9 k\b )cu r )l vo v[b tkl'u oxlsj >c #$ `k't )l9 /8t Dk"` `"` r /l );h` to tkk /2t `"`k #1t )$k9 >o kot

)2b `,d kO k1 D$ Dk^ C `"` t' #o r t^`k eu klu `k1t )2` Yd`l> d#s`lsl`9

ntkyenn9 d`ntde>nky>n..._. P t5b eC `,d k/ e;hb ntkdoe e trl3u `k-b )8`

tr;b Dkl tkl'u oxl. ]l `k1t ntkyenn> );h` to tkk vl s+ e;hb e bMy rd

)y #$ kM ku9 `"` nl/ `,d `kGb #$ -` `k' /2tkc.

:. ] /=" ?3% G" "r>3% 9()* Z(3 "(1* >+(

]k` vt slk tr;Tb trob v[b tkl'u oxl ) k"t trlQ )Q tk^`k bkl `

v kk tk"l v `k-` 5b.

]k^`k bkl v `k-` 5b k;U bl/ s bld t5b `,d deòkoe >nky>robndsn

YB@_ trob Dkl s+b Dk$ Dk^. "` rotnl `kuyQ k


21/34

4J]k^`k bkl kk tk"l !ud trNb k1t trob /Ol tr;*b tkl'u oxl e s kk

tkk `"` /O tkOb Dk^ Ydnrnf`k*id_. ]k` vt )c/ ecy v tk` vt T v[b

b ;` kk tkk `"` Dkob tr+b trob ku /O `,d vz r v `kKl. ]rob

`"` tk` vt T trC `9 tk` vt tkno /[d k; eGd bo9 bO9 ` `kud9 /O tkOb

Dk^ );h` kk tkk T >;l )lu Dl3 tkl'u oxl Ykyoxld_. ]rob `"` Dkob

bld #o e9 oxl )l )' `"` `7 !ud `k/ >;l ;` tkOb !ud `"` r trC #

/8t9 k\b eol tk` vt y `< tkQ k"t trlQ `"` `k[/ r >y tW tkM ko8` `k

r, xu+b. F2t s+ Dk"` el k"t trlQ r trKl eC Dkzl /8t ;` Yr tkT T `"` el

`My #c_. "` eol tk` vt s+b trob /Ol tr;*b )1t #$ i `k8t tk k"t trlQ

k3 tk+b r ed r2b bdy >;l # /8t )1t

. K3 ;3

4. K3 ;3 #$ " 3P3 "? "rn

]kl'u /;d trob /2t tk*l bld >l9 `[b vl ;` trob )1t #$ #+` k7l

/k >o k k;Tb `,d DkOb Dk^ DkO v #-` x /8t tr*l9 e/ `ko e;hb ;`

T trob )1t bl/ )' /-` )2 `My tkl'u ;`9 v > )' strnss k k". } `"`

v[b DkO k Dio >l9 tHb e;hb ;` #+` k7l kb 5/ `< tkQ e k7 e;hb

/;d kb 5/ `,d v[b )l3 t^`k /8t )1t `,d tr"l )1t `< tktrb tkl'u /;d9 v 4: trob s+ )< `< e;hb /;d kb 5/ ^t k7 :Z=//. "`

v[b DkO k r2b e );h` t/ tk1y `k, y'u T bl\d Dkob v )2 4Z =v %==

#` v d/9 T k^d Dku1t bl< trC `"` bN Gl do.

:. ! r?( #>3 33% /$ ; C3% "T3 "3%

Akl tk` vt s+b >;l )lu Dl3 strnss k k"9 DkOb /2t !ud trk s+b

DkOb #$ k k;Tb Dkl `My tkl'u ;`.k -b )cu tlC v ky `/ k1t vl tk trb tkl'u ;` bl/ s-`

tr;7b v `"` !u" trk slk tr;Tb `k/ k7 Y)8` #l3t e t5b tr;Tb v `klu

>l_. "` !u" trk `kuyQ ko" rotnl v tHb kh d`l> d/l kdk `ku`tdsn9 )lu y `< tkQ > )' s bld t5b Kb )2 ltrdtn T k\b

`My ) tk k1. ]5b tr;Tb `,d /O kM slk #$ -` `k'U k k" vWd e/`k/ !u" trk buyC kM Y)8` #l3t e kd P_. &'u `My b8 kl strnss tkl'u


22/34

:=;` trob bldl )o k"t trlQ `,d kt k1 tk `< tkQ bMy bl/ kM #1t tk;*b

`,d kl/ s` tkQ YD trub bld v D sdu_. Bo )< e/ bl/ Dk 5b slk s

`,d k1 kod.

Akl `My tkl'u /2t e;hb ;` k1t )$k sj bMy rd s tHb kh d`l>

d#s`lsl` tW `drotnol> T r9 sdu )< < );h` v `kuyQ k; /2t t^ kl3u )' `"`

#2 k Dk"` kdu `,d `My v bMy rd /2t eot `"` kl3u -b. } trob e" < bMy rd

s ) `,d e` e v `rlstdn `,d tl tkQ #$ kKb eC sdu )< #$

kM ku9 /b k #$ `5b eC sdu )< #$ k" ku v `"` oeyrl#oso/n #l'

/1t. P+ k `,d /2t t' #o kc e k tku2` vo )2 #$ k" ku `,d `"`

/b slk kN`9 'u `kGb td r tk tk' #o `k't.

0. ] /=" ?3% G" "r>3% 9()* Z(3 3 ;3

Q s+b sroubktEns`dlb xnrokytns _9 s tr"k k

Y>nsl``dtlo dvol>d`n_ v `k+b `k$u k Y>nsl``dtlo toenrd`n_.

d. ]r+ kF2t s+ eol tk` vt T v[b DkO k `< Dk 5b slk tr;Tb v slk s vo

/[d xuM9 Dkl `< )cy ), ;`9 v `k't )l Dkl /[d DkO )'. &k\b kc k; r9

`7 !ud > tr\ ko8` kt bl+b DkOb #$ `k't )l / );h` v[l sMu xu+b >;l )1t

T trb tk"l bkR )Q v;ht !ud /[d DkO k.6 )' /[d /;d e tl' tkno9 `"`

`kKl o y /c/ tW kt kdy k"t trlQ tW r v `7 !ud > tr\9 `kGb slk

tr;Tb v slk s )Q ko t1t `ku trk s+b tr;` Dkl k k" el )'.#. ]r"k /1t ;`

]k` vt tr"k k #b `"`k >uy tr trb tk"l tku ko" trob /O9 tr"k

#$ DkO9 k"t trlQ `"` Dk 5b kot )2b trob )lu Dl3 DkO k.

l tkl3 Dk 5b k1 tk ;`U k"t trlQ k3 tk+b r ed r2b bc /8t)1t v )M/ sMu xu+b epb )1t kk tk"l `My #l' )Hl tk^`k kh )Q `< tkQ e1y


23/34


24/34

::lQ/ bll k y y )Hl T k\b tk` vt Dk"` kdu v T `"` /O Dk"` kdu

trC /2t `My.

F2t s+ eol tk` vt `< Dk 5b `k+b `k$u ko to vl DkO k k;

rCu9 )$d y9 !uyQ #"9 tk` vt trob kN tdl vol YZdiof:ldvKdUnrend_ v /2t s+

eol tk` vt );h` bNl e tk` vt kKl slk trob `"` e tk` vt

Fyrotkd/d`ndn9 P`rokuedrld`ndn9 d/ld`ndn9 ynrd`ndn9 od`ndn9 yel`ndn9

6neeold`ndn.

&k\b eol `< t^k `k$u k `do tk `< Dk 5b tK tl trob )lu Dl3 t'

#o /1t ;` bklC/ trNb k*U `kuyQ sdb trb tk"l tl/ slk E trdo )Hl `k1t

bc k; bWb el. Akl / s /1t ;` `,d t' #o t5b eC9 `"` rotnl9

oelntl>9 `k1t `kuyQ knky>rl v os/otl_ );h` to rd >o kot )2b `,d bn. &k\b rotnl )8` #l3t

y #o v3 `"` )l kM t0 trob t' #o `k1t9 trob kM v `,d Dkub x;7b t'

#o9 #o v3 `"` /b slk kN` `k+b el s #l' t^k.

L. !"rn 34. I( "r63% ?3% 3

FOl tr;*b s+b /8 e /Ol tr;*b s+b `,d slk vt / `< `k-d /2t

k/ e;hb /u+l > td `do #1t tk;*b trob );7b9 `"` kK ;` /89 do ;` /8 trC ` e `"` v[b )1t /8 / ;t v

DkO `.

&Kb )2 /u+l trob `"` )l >;7b );h` >uy tr H )$k vl Dkob (=/F &dv ZI= /F eE49 % &de. ]rob v[b #l trlu9 )2 /8 >do )2b e

:J=E4= /F &d )8` #l3t trob v[b #l ecy9 Kb )2 &d `< Dkl )t tl I==E

4=== /F. 1t /8 trob v[b / ;t v /2t s+ )1t /8 trub t^k trob v[b

DkO k `k-d `k, y'u e &de. kH #l' k79 )1t T v[b tko buyC v sd /`

`k-d kh `k1t suedtn v `dr#odtn `,d &d9 Fb v d9 e/ `ko )1t `< t^k Dl/.


25/34

:%:. 3 3% H 3S3% 9 *?( > 913 " /="

&Kb )2 /u+l `do trob )1t ) vO tk to rd b"k 8b `ko `My Dkl kl

>uy tr " su1t tk/ tk1u `,d `k1t buyC slk )Q `< tkQ e1y );h` ;`. ;hb

&dv eE>; tkWd trob `k1t buyC slk > )' /1t `M #b lo v k

k;Tb `,d `"` lo )8` #l3t )+l vl `"` n/y/n rotnl v /b. 6 D't !u e

`< !u" ^t 5b e;hb );h` );h` bll kld/l Yutrns`ln v `d>dvnrln_v

oeyd/l.

&'u t"` )2b `,d " su1t tk/ tk1u v k k;Tb `,d `"` lo )8` #l3t

v;ht !u" /-` `k$u )b `,d `My9 tk e/ r+l eo `"` kot )2b `k-` 5b v

xu1t kl3 `"` tH tk;7b. u" trk !udb kh #$ suy y'u >o Dk^ DkHb #$ )o k k;Tb `,d /u+l )' >l3 >`9 trob `"` !u" trk v `kuyQ )l3 t0

v `"` !u" trk tk- `1. u" trk kO k19 )8` #l3t e T v[b r9 `< tkQ t5b kdy

bl/ tkno )2 /u+l. Akl e;hb &de trob )1t t5b `do tk s k1 tk `"` `k1t

>lk >;wb9 )8` #l3t e &V%E9 Av d:E9 #$ bl/ xu+b.

Akl tk` vt kl `k$u strnss /8 `` )od9 tk `My slk tr;Tb Di/ v

`ko slk Dk+l tk1. `My `pl `N`9 Di/ slk tr;Tb e" kz #G Dk< T kod

`kKl kz9 `pl `N`. ]' #o `k't v xu1t kl3 kol t0 T r9 #G9 e"9 )Rk `kKl #$

vb e"9 DkO e" s/ `u+l `[b ed> to #2 `kKl #$ DkO )l. P tkdy )Hl e/ e;hb

`"` kytokor/on9 bl/ `ytoDlln v t5b d`l> d#s`lsl` v ntkyenn `< tkQ >

)' !u" trk eo ko" s/ T tk` vt.

0. !?3% G" "r>3% ( "r63% 3

]k` vt s+b trob /Ol tr;*b /8 tk DkOb tkQ tr"k Dkzl `"` k

k;Tb `,d /u+l v >o vy `kGb kl k"t trlQ ^t k1t /2t vl `7 `k' )Q `k+b

`k$u /8.

d. lu `kRk k/ e;hb /u+l

@deokytns Ytk` vt `k$u /8_ `< tkQ )lu `kRk k/ e;hb /u+l `,d

`kGb #b klu `"`kU


26/34

:(&b5 `k8 /u+lU /2t s+ eol `My b /8 k"t trlQ k3 tk+b eN` T r9

< b5 ` s kl/ /8 !u" `do trob k3 tk+b >. 6^ > k; T `My

_rosopls &dr`td9 kcu k; DkOb `< /u+l )l )' e" /8` >cu `"` lo /u+l v

);h` kGt #Tl k3 tk+b r.

~l tl't /u+lU tk` vt `< tkQ eol #z e;hb /u+l >; tkWd #b `"`k bll

kns > #dy k7l9 >$`k #l tl't `,d `"` tuy' v #l tl't /u+l trC

# /8t e"9 `kKl9 kdy #l tl't tkOb !ud s rb `,d /2t s+ `7 !ud Y`k, y'u e

e"_.

k-d /u+lU k k;Tb `,d strnss /8 k tku2` vo Kb )2 /u+l `k-

DkOb k tku2` vo tHb e;hb /u+l. hl >b )lu y9 tk` vt t5b D^`k

tk;` t' #o > tr\ tR e3 tku vl e;hb /u+l kGt vo9 k* vy /u+l `< tkQ

);h` bl\ trob t' #o T /-` kh e^.

]"l kM k+l /u+lU&dv eE`< tkQ v `kuyQ );h` trob keon/9 >o)< 'u Kb )2 /u+l `do xy rd trob e" `< tkQ );h` e/ eob #Tl s kM k+l

el trC to `My.

#. ]^`k ey /u+l v `kld Dkodb trob t' #o

]k` vt `k$u /8 `M #b Dk 5b tk/ tk1u trob /Ol tr;*b /8#Tl s t^`k eu /u+l trob kd s+b t' #o Y`nee sd_. P t^`k ey y DkOb

bMy buy klQ/ `ko `"` !u" trk trdo )Hl `k1t `,d t' #o. ]k` vt trC ` slk

tr;Tb trC )1t /8 t^`k eu /u+l trob t' #o T /-` / " su1t tk/ tk1u tk1

k7 trob >ub >$`k )1t9 k* vy ;` >l `kuyQ tkno brd>lnt tk/ tk1u.

Ak 5b `k+b `k$u Kb )2 /u+l `do `,d `k1t buyC slk `p k

tku2` vo s kM `kld Dkodb `< `kN eN` `"` lo )l vo t' #o. d s+ `"` lo/u+l );h` t^`k eu trob DkOb #o9 k* )< bl/ Kb )2 T trob t' #o `k1t v

k `k' tl' xG` vl e` e9 #b `"`k y k3 tk+b ny/ `,d t' #o );h` #o

v3.

`. k$u /8

k+b `k$u /8 bkd e `"` tkk kc `,d `k1t buyC slk `< Dk

5b `k+b `k$u vl strnss /8. lu y elC !ud tl /-` )2 `k+b `k$u `,d`k1t buyC slk )+l vl s /1t `M #b lo9 `"` `k1t )2` v k k;Tb tk/


27/34

:Ztk1u >o s t5b eC `,d Kb )2 /u+l9 /-` )2 `k+b `k$u tu tku2` vo tWb

eol9 tWb eol /O v s-` s+b `,d /fl `My.

Ak 5b `k+b `k$u `,d `"` kc t' #o Y/b9 rotnl_ e k* vo `"`

strnss rotnl v s tk^`k kh `"` `k1t td tk/ tk1u trob t' #o `k1t. Akl Kb

)2 /u+l t5b eC9 strnss rotnl );h` tHb kh sdu %EI bl*9 `"` `k1t ko td

tk^`k kh `k$u tr"`k kl3/ `ko s `M #b tk/ tk1u bl\d t' #o `k1t v `"`

tkk kc `,d t' #o.

LL. !"rn Z( #>( 33%

4. ! R "* Z( #>( 33% /$ "; ( H 3G 9?( /8( " /="

]k` vt k1 tk Dl/ eol 8b `k, y'u !ud r9 `"` lo v k-` kh `,d

Dl/ eol 8b );h` `"` t' #o k1 tku v v `kuyQ tl #1t D #2 k o k;

`"` y'u t+ Dk"` `c tkl't `ko `My. "` r+l eo `k-` 5b `< elC !ud )'

k\b tH tk;7b trC /b v s -` `k' /2t s+ ny/n `c tkl't9 s to tkk

`"` b+` oxy9 s #1t kot `,d `kufl v `kuyQ nen`tro trob kO k1 v !udb

kh. ud )< 5b e;hb `,d t' #o #$ bl/ sGt9 )Kb tk*l s k1 tku v )Kb

ko" lt7 #$ k" vw9 `My slk tr;Tb `k/.

:. @?3% 7* 9 (* /8( Z( #>( 33%@cu k't tk` vt ky `/ vl Dl/ eol 8b `ko >[ `kR vl /2t Kb )2

r1t kz. ]uy klC k\b tk` vt slk tr;Tb trC `"` v[b )1t `< Kb )2 Dl/

eol 8b `do ) k"t trlQ /2t eot `"` `7 `k' tr"k s >; tkWd Dl/ eol 8bU

Y4_ + )$k lo bMy )2` trob tkk t' #o )Q b5 ` tl' xG` vl `k1t buyC

slk Y:_ ` trT tk1/ !ud /b t' #o Y%_ to k-` trob t' #o `k1t

Yoeyntl> `k-d e;u kuk9 rotnl PkEelC D't vl Dl/ eol9 rotnl strnss_ )QblG t' #o Dkzl #$ kl/ )2` Y(_ s `kld b5 #Tl DkOb #oU trob DkOb #o

to `"` k-` `k1t vl `"` d`l> k\u `7 v vO `79 `"` knoe v bey`osl> YZ_ kot

)2b xu1t #o.


28/34

:I

Kfk ;7 ( `kh `k.fb `k/u ,li eol ffb `d th Uo5

0. ] /=" "S3 "( "r[3 9" 3()* Z( #>( 33%

&k\b tk` vt s+b trC )1t klu Dl/ eol 8b #do bK/ k\b eol `l39 ko8` tk/ `k^

trob /2t s+ tr;*b kh k1t )$k9 `p `< tkQ `ko tk1y ` /2t e;hb `"` `k1t

kytotoxl` Y`k1t )2` kl vl tk` vt_. ]o Y)8` #l3t e kN sob tlk to

EBns/l>ld`ndn v to `"t_9 tk` vt tku slk e9 `My o9 /O v t' #o uOl

`1y tk;*b );h` s0 >b k; slk vt tk0 kl3/.

Plk vt bl"/ s"t e k\b eol `< tkQ );h` s0 >b )Q tkno >ql )$k t^k

ko8` )$k e;hb trb tk"l strnss9 >d trC k\b )" -b )8` kl3u `,d `kGb)+l vl `k1t O kl/.

0. 3 3% H ; " 3(\ 913 " /="

"` `k1t O kl/ bMy k k;Tb tl `"` `k-` 5b !ud trNb Y`"` !u"

trk e^ slk9 ko" slk_ trob t' #o tk` vt. "` trl3u `k-b tH tk;7b r1t )d

>b v DkOb )8` kl3u. [b /2t `k1t O kl/ `< tkQ bMy k k;Tb Dk"`

kdu )' k\b eol tk` vt Dk"` kdu9 /8t Dk"` k\b trl3u `k-b tH tk;Tbbl+b kdu `< tkQ );h` bMy rd tW `"` `k1t O kl/ Dk"` kdu.

F2t s+ tlCu `k^ `k #"o s/ `"` tH tk;7b bMy rd #Tl O kl/ eU t^`k

eu `"` `k1t O kl/ trob `My suy bl/ Dk 5b `k+b `k$u `,d `"` /O st

bl/ ko8` t5b `;*b kot )2b `,d ny/n xu1t kl3 `"` kor/on strnss Y)8`

#l3t e ntkyenn_ t5b ko8` bl/ kot )2b kO k1 r+l eo trob !u" trk

!udb kh s tkdy )Hl trob kot )2b )


30/34

:tHb tkQ trC klu tlCu `k^.

"` tH tk;7b `1 t^k xu1t kl3 k;U s /1t >c e s" # /8t9 e ku

!u bMy rd #Tl k k;Tb `,d d`l> k k;Tb `,d `"` `k1t )2` bMy rd s Dk0

`keorokye e/ e" )Hl /u9 kol t0 /O9 `My #$ DkO kio9 /c/ `My #$ `k't. "`

tH tk;7b >b y tk;*b xu1t kl3 T `"` tk` vt s+b eM ` v[b O

kl/. ]k` vt #$ tH tk;7b Dlk lC sj #$ bl/ 5b su1t v Dk 5b slk

s.

d. Pueur >loxl>n YPV:_

PV:)l vo tk` vt `k, y'u e !ud Dk^ DkHb /T9 Dkl Dk^ DkHb )lnt Kb )2 bl\d DkOb Dk^ v e` e. ]rob tkk t' #o9 PV:ko td

trob ;` PV:.@:V9 to tkk @PV%Ev PV%:E9 sdu )< )l vo e` e9 t' #o

`k1t v DkOb #o vl tR e3 ec e;ht e JIU%U4 . } trob e` e9 bl" tr$ @ trob

Dkob >;l )lu Dl3 "k s"b9 < e/ `ko e` e bl+b k; /2t 7l )Q eol

#z lo.

7 `k' `k+b `k$u strnss PV:U kcu k't `"` eol tk` vt `< Dk 5b `k+b

`k$u k k;Tb )2` kl `,d PV:k* `"` !u" trk tk )2b v `k, )2b Dk"`kdu.

"` !u" trk tk )2b DkOb )8` kl3u `ko /2t `k1t O kl/ k1t )$k v^ >

T `"` `My tkM tko9 `kGb tk;*b xuyC rd e" /l `< tuHl tkN b9 )lu y

blG `kGb ^t #$ k k;Tb #Tl `"` `k1t O kl/ tk` vt `< t `< `1u trG` v

t^k `k1t k ko" `,d

`"` `k1t ko" kN` v slk kN`U to tcb )3/ `< s-` `k-d e tW s t5b k1 tku

`"` `dtlo Dl/ v `k1t Dl/9 elC D't PV:vl `"` s k/ k `,d !u" trk

trdo )Hl `k1t9 s0 >b e;u kuk trob !u" trk trdo )Hl `k1t v Dk0 )2` oxl

ko". F2t s+ tk` vt `< `7 `k' bNl e k2l `k-b (9 T tk` vt (s0 >b E

`dr#oxyedsn ^t ky `/ vl PV:so vl u~E`dr#oxyedsn )Q )Kb ko" V:9


31/34

:Jvy C V:trob t' #o tk` vt (`k$u ^t s `k trdk vl PV:. &k* )< tk`

vt (^t ky `/ vl PV:so vl tk` vt %.

#. kotooxy>dts

kotooxy>dt #do bK/ `"` `k1t V%9 &V Y&V9 &V:_9 nroxy rd>l`des. ]robDkOb Dk^9 s to tkk `"` `k1t kotooxy>dt >;l )lu Dl3 5b e;hb "k

s"b );h` to s

kns Y&V v &V:_ );h` kk

tkk k* kot )2b `,d `"` vl slk vt trob )1t9 trob DkOb Dk^ `kGb );h`

to tkk tW `"` )"/ `k"y9 #o `< s1/ sit.

kotooxy>dt )l vo e" tkOb !ud Dk^ DkHb /T vl /2t e;hb e k7 `

V:)l vo9 &V:`< Dk 5b Dku'`k t" !ud e #lQu # Ykdk k7 PV:_.

Akl vo );h` trob t' #o9 `"` k -b `,d V%v `"` > xu1t `,d +( >;

]rob `"` /O tk` vt9 `< `"` k3 tk+b `k+b oxl k


33/34

%4@. A] E^F

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)Kb tk*l strnss "k s"b9 strnss #-` x /8t tr*l9 strnss kl3t )2 `do vo #d

by v strnss kl3t )2 tk1 vo #d )C/ v )8` #l3t e strnss DkO k. ]uy vy

klu eol tk` vt v `< tkQ tK tl9 slk tr;Tb v k"t trlQ T )My9 `kGb

/db `"` )8` )lQ/ tk^`k bkl `do )2 vl /Ol tr;*b sd /`U Dk 5b tr\ ;`9

e1y ;`9 `k+b /1t ;`9 `ku D slk tr;Tb slk s... @dy k; T kdl `` `,d

tr"l )1t9 7l / kl3t )2 t5b eC trC kl3t )2 )b `ko k3 slk vt trC tr"l )1t.


34/34

]L EL^ ]KDI AKO

]l el3u tkd/ Dko `k^k

detnr dr`knr9 :==%._k*sloeobl`de pedft n`oeob*7 n`opk*sloeob* df:

strnss pk*sloeob* o& &uf`tlofde broups.(tkn>. Prlbnr.

F2t s+ tl el3u Dk"`

4. @ob Flk ]1 v s9 :==I.lo trfk slfk eL tk#` v$t. l kN` Ob

bkl3 L @ &2l.:. lonnr @lE~rn> Ltnrdtlode9:=4=.mlne: md`ts.4=9 ZU4

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