Tìm hiểu OpenCV và ứng dụng phát triển trên hệ điều hành Android

lun vn k thut phn mm tm hiu opencv v xy dng phn mm nhndng bin bo giao thng trn android

LUN VN TT NGHIP I HC

TM HIU OPENCV V XY DNG

PHN MM NHN DNG BIN BO

GIAO THNG TRN ANDROID

Sinh vin thc hin: Cn b hng dn:

Trn Hong Quc Th.S Phan Phng Lan

MSSV: 1091526 MSCB: 1232

Cn b phn bin:

Th.S Trng Th Thanh Tuyn (MSCB: 1068)

Th.S Hunh Quang Nghi (MSCB: 2628)

Lun vn c bo v ti: Hi ng chm lun vn tt nghip B mn Cng ngh

phn mm. Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, Trng i hc Cn Th vo ngy 10 thng

05 nm 2013

C th tm hiu lun vn ti:

Th vin Khoa Cng ngh Thng tin, Trng i hc Cn Th

Website: http://www.cit.ctu.edu.vn

TRNG I HC CN TH

KHOA CNG NGH THNG TIN & TT

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lun vn k thut phn mm tm hiu opencv v xy dng phn mm nh... http://text.123doc.org/document/2342531-luan-van-ky-thuat-phan-mem-...

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ti: Tm hiu OpenCV v xy dng phn mm nhn dng bin bo giao thng trn Android

Trang 1

LI CM N

Gn 4 nm hc tp ti trng HCT, c s truyn t tn tnh ca thy c

cng vi s gip nhit tnh ca cc bn, hm nay em hon thnh c ti

lun vn tt nghip.

Em xin chn thnh cm n qu thy c trng HCT ni chung cng nh thy

c khoa CNTT ni ring tn tnh ging dy v truyn t nhng kin thc qu bo

cho em trong sut gn 4 nm qua. c bit l C Phan Phng Lan tn tnh

hng dn em trong qu trnh hc v lm ti lun vn ny.

Do kin thc cn hn hp, thi gian tm hiu cha su, chc chn bi bo co

lun vn ny khng trnh khi nhng thiu st, hn ch rt mong nhn c s ng

gp ca qu thy c ti ny ngy cng hon thin hn.

Em xin gi li chc sc kho v lng bit n su sc n qu thy c trng i

Hc Cn Th hng dn, gip em trong nhng nm qua. Xin dnh nhng tnh

cm chn thnh nht cho gia nh v cho ngi thn.

Cui cng, xin gi li cm n n tt c bn b gn b cng ti.

Cn Th, thng 01-2013

Trn Hong Quc

GVHD: ThS. Phan Phng Lan SVTH: Trn Hong Quc MSSV: 1091526


Trang 2

NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN

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Cn Th, ngy 10, thng 05, nm 2013



Trang 3

NHN XT CA CN B PHN BIN

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Cn Th, ngy 10, thng 05, nm 2013



Trang 4

MC LC

LI CM N 1

NHN XT CA CN B HNG DN 2

NHN XT CA CN B PHN BIN 3

MC LC 4

MC LC HNH NH 6

K HIU V VIT TT 8

TM TT 9

ABSTRACT 10

T KHA 11

CHNG 1: TNG QUAN 12

I. T VN 12

II. LCH S GII QUYT VN 12

III. PHM VI TI 12

IV. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU HNG GII QUYT 13

V. K HOCH THC HIN 14

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I. TH VIN X L NH OPENCV 16

1. Gii thiu Computer Vision 16

2. Lch s pht trin 17

3. Cu trc ca OpenCV 18

4. OpenCV trn Android 18

II. NN TNG ANDROID 18

1. Lch s pht trin ca Android 19

2. Cc phin bn Android v API ca n 19

3. H thng h tr ca Android 20

4. Cc ng dng c sn trn Android 20

5. Kin trc ca h thng Android 24

6. Cc thnh phn trong mt d n ng dng Android 26

III. PHNG PHP PHT HIN BIN BO 30

1. Pht hin bin nh bng Canny 30

2. Kt hp c trng mu vi phng php Canny 31

3. Dng c trng hnh hc loi b bin gi 32

4. Trch xut vng c trng 32



Trang 5

IV. CNG C NEUROPH STUDIO 2.6 34

1. Lch s pht trin 34

2. Chc nng 34

3. Tm nhn 35

CHNG 3: NI DUNG V KT QU NGHIN CU 36

I. C T 36

1. Gii thiu 36

2. M t tng quan 36

3. Cc yu cu giao tip 39

4. Cc tnh nng ca h thng 39

5. Cc yu cu phi chc nng 46

II. THIT K 46

1. Gii thiu 46

2. M t thit k h thng 47

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4. Thit k theo chc nng 53

KT LUN V NGH 60

I. KT LUN 60

1. Kt qu t c 60

2. Hn ch 60

II. HNG PHT TRIN 60

TI LIU THAM KHO 61



Trang 6

MC LC HNH NH

Hnh 1 Logo ca t chc OpenCV 16

Hnh 2. Cc hm x l nh ca OpenCV 17

Hnh 3 Lch s phin bn ca OpenCV 18

Hnh 4 Cu trc th vin OpenCV 18

Hnh 5 Robot Android Biu tng ca H iu hnh Android - 19

Hnh 6 Kin trc ca Android 24

Hnh 7 My o Dalvik 26

Hnh 8 Kin trc file AndroidManifest.xml 27

Hnh 9 Trng thi ca ngn xp khi chacs cc Activity 29

Hnh 10 Vng i ca mt Activity. 30

Hnh 11 Khng gian mu HSV 32

Hnh 12 - Quy trnh ca phng php pht hin bin bo giao thng

33

Hnh 13 Lu thut ton pht hin bin bo. 33

Hnh 14 Cc khi nim c bn trong Neuroph 34

Hnh 15 M hnh cu trc ca Neuroph 35

Hnh 16 Mt s bin bo cm ng b Vit Nam

(http://www.hcmct.edu.vn) 37

Hnh 17 Mt s bin bo nguy him ng b Vit Nam


Hnh 18 Mt s bin bo hiu lnh ng b Vit Nam


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Hnh 20 Mu bin bo cm trong giao thng ng b Vit Nam.

48

Hnh 21 Mu bin bo nguy him trong giao thng ng b Vit

Nam 49

Hnh 22 Mu bin bo hiu lnh trong giao thng ng b Vit

Nam 49

Hnh 23 Mu cc bin bo c bit 49

Hnh 24 Chc nng Image Recognition ca Neuroph Studio 50

Hnh 25 Tp mu 125 bin bo kch thc 30*30 pixel 50



Trang 7

Hnh 26 Th nghim nhn dng mu trn tp mu c hun

luyn 51



Trang 8

K HIU V VIT TT

STT

K hiu v t vit tt

Din gii

1

OpenCV

Open Source Computer Vision Library

Th vin x l hnh nh ngun m.

2

Mng noron

Hay mng noron nhn to, n l mt m

hnh ton hc hay m hnh tnh ton

c xy dng da trn cc mng noron

sinh hc dng m hnh ha cc mi

quan h phc tp gia d liu vo v kt

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trong d liu.

3

Tp mu

L tp cc d liu c hun luyn bng

cc phng php khc nhau ca mng

noron dng phc v cho vic nhn

dng cc dng/mu trong d liu.



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TM TT

H thng bin bo giao thng Vit Nam l rt nhiu v kh phc tp. V th

ghi nh v hiu ht cc ngha ca n rt kh khn. Mc ch ca ti l xy dng

mt ng dng trn in thoi thng minh cho php ngi dng tm kim cc thng tin

bin bo mt cch trc quan. Khi ngi dng quay video hoc chp nh, chng trnh

s t ng pht hin cc khu vc c bin bo v sau hin th hnh nh, tn v thng

tin ca bin bo c nhn dng. ng dng ny c pht trin trn nn tng Android

vi m ngun m th vin x l nh OpenCV. N c th nhn dng bin bo giao

thng bng cch x l hnh nh qua gii thut Canny c kt hp cc c trng mu v

hnh hc tng chnh xc v gim nhiu cho nh v s dng tp hun luyn mu

mng noron vi 125 bin bo khc nhau.



Trang 10

ABSTRACT

The Vietnamese traffic signs system is so much and complex. It's very difficult to

remember and understand the meaning of each signs. The aim of the thesis is to build

an application on smart phones that allow users to search information signs visually.

When users record videos or take pictures, the program will automatically detect the

areas of signs, and then display signs, name and information of signs. The application

was developed on the Android platform with the open source OpenCV library. It can

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combining the color characteristics and geometry to increase accuracy and reduce

noise for image, and uses the neural network with test data set are 125 types of signs .



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T KHA

STT

T kha

Din gii

1

OpenCV

Open Source Computer Vision Library

Th vin x l hnh nh ngun m.

2

Bin bo

L cc bin bo giao thng ng b

Vit Nam



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CHNG 1: TNG QUAN

I. T VN

Hin nay, s lng bin bo giao thng ng b ca Vit Nam kh nhiu vi

cc phn loi khc nhau, iu ny gy kh khn cho ngi tham gia giao thng c th

ghi nh tt c cc ngha ca cc bin bo h thc hin ng khi tham gia lu

thng trn ng. y cng l l do dn n nhiu ngi phm lut v khng hiu y

ni dung cc ch dn ca cc bin bo.

Tn dng li th d s dng v ngy cng ph bin ca cc thit b di ng c

bit l cc thit b thng minh c s dng h iu hnh nh smartphone, my tnh

bng, Nhm khai thc tnh cn thit v thc tin ca vn trn, ti xut xy

dng mt ng dng gip ngi dng c th nhn dng v bit c ni dung, ch dn

ca cc bin bo giao thng d dng v nhanh chng thng qua thit b di ng s

dng h iu hnh Android.

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Hin ti, c rt nhiu phn mm lm v nhn dng, nhng a phn trong s l

cc phn mm s dng cho cc t chc, doanh nghip vi quy m ln nh:

- Phn mm nhn dng bin s xe, ng dng cc bi gi xe ca siu th,

trung tm thng mi,

- Phn mm nhn dng khun mt, ng dng ch yu thit b thng minh

nh: my tnh, my nh, in thoi thng minh,v cc c s tin tin v

cng ngh.

- Phn mm nhn dng v phn tch cc hnh ng ng dng vo cc h

thng an ninh cc sn bay,

- Ngoi ra, nhiu phn mm khc cng ng dng cng ngh nhn dng.

V phn mm dng nhn dng bin bo giao thng, hin nay c mt s phn

mm c ng dng v s dng trn cc xe thng minh t li hoc cc xe taxi a

ra cc cnh bo cho ngi iu khin. Nhng phn mm ny ch c nghin cu v

p dng cc nc giao thng tin tin m khng chia s m ngun v ti liu pht

trin ra bn ngoi. Cho n thi im xut ti (01/2013), ti vn cha tm thy

phn mm no v nhn dng bin bo giao thng c s dng cho cc mc ch c

nhn.

III. PHM VI TI

ti s xy dng mt ng dng c th nhn dng c cc bin bo giao thng

ng b ca Vit Nam, c thit k dng cho ngi dng c nhn ang s hu thit

b di ng c ci t h iu hnh Android, mt h iu hnh di ng ngun m

ph bin nht hin nay.



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IV. PHNG PHP NGHIN CU HNG GII QUYT

gii quyt vn nu trn, trc ht ti cn tm hiu v ni dung, ngha,

cch phn bit tt c cc loi bin bo giao thng ng b ca Vit Nam, cng vi

cc quy nh x pht i vi tng trng hp vi phm ng vi cc bin bo ni trn.

Bn cnh , ti cng nghin cu v tm hiu v kin thc lp trnh ng dng

Android v th vin x l nh OpenCV dnh cho Android. Ti cng tm hiu v p

dng cc phng php lc nh, x l nh bng cc gii thut, phng php ti u

c th hon thnh c ng dng ng vi yu cu c ra.

Chn cng c thc hin:

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STT

Cng c

Chc nng

Giai on

1

Microsoft Office

2010

Son tho ti liu v slide bo

co

c t

Phn tch

Thit k

Kim th

Bo co

2

Eclipse

Cng c, mi trng pht trin

ng dng.

Thit k

Lp trnh

Kim th

3

OpenCV

Th vin h tr ng dng trong

vic x l nh v nhn dng

bin bo.

Thit k

Lp trnh

Kim th

4

Smartphone Android

Chy th phn mm sau khi

ng gi.

Lp trnh

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5Neuroph Studio

To tp tin mu mng noron

Lp trnh

Kim th

6

StarUML

V lu Usecase

c t

Thit k

7

WinSnap

Chp nh lu , hnh nh cho

bo co.

c t

Thit k

Bo co



Trang 14

8

Website gliffy.com

V lu thut ton

Thit k

Bo co

9

Adobe Photoshop

X l nh cho bo co

Bo co

V. K HOCH THC HIN

Tun

Ngy

Cng vic

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31/12/2012 - 06/91/2013

Tip nhn ti t GVHD

Hon thnh m t ti

02 - 05

07/01/2013 27/01/2013

Hon thnh c t ti.

Hon thnh chng 1: Tng quan.

Vit ti liu Thit k phn mm.

Tm hiu kin thc v k thut lp

trnh Android.

Tm hiu v lp trnh OpenCV trn

Android Project.

Tm hiu cc k thut v x l v

nhn dng nh.

05 - 07

28/01/2013 10/02/2013

ng dng cc k thut v lp trnh,

x l nh v nhn dng vo d n.

Cp nht li cc ti liu: c t,

thit k

07 09

11/02/2013 24/02/2013

Thu thp thng tin v cc bin bo

ca Giao thng ng b Vit

Nam.

Tip tc hon thin chng trnh.

Cp nht li cc ti liu: c t,

thit k

09 - 11

25/02/2013 10/03/2013

Chnh sa v ti u code v hon

chnh chng trnh.

11 - 13

11/03/2013 24/03/2013

Tip nhn gp ca GVHD

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nht.



Trang 15

Cp nht cc ti liu

13 - 15

25/03/2013 07/04/2013

Hon thnh chng trnh v a ra

sn phm.

Ci t v kim th chng trnh.

15 - 17

08/04/2013 21/04/2013

Hon thnh ti liu bo co.

Son slide bo co.

17 - 18

22/04/2013 28/04/2013

Tin hnh bo v Lun Vn trc

Hi ng



Trang 16

CHNG 2: C S L THUYT

Chng ny trnh by c s l thuyt v:

- Th vin x l nh OpenCV: th vin chnh lm nhim v x l nh trong ng

dng.

- Nn tng Android: Nn tng c s dng lp trnh nn ng dng.

- Phng php pht hin bin bo: Cc phng php chnh php hin bin bo

giao thng v trch xut bin bo phc v cho qu trnh nhn dng.

- Cng c Neuroph Studio 2.6: Cng c chnh yu to ra tp tin hun luyn

mu mng noron cc bin bo, phc v cho vic nhn dng bin bo sau khi

nhn dng c.

I. TH VIN X L NH OPENCV

1. Gii thiu Computer Vision

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hm lp trnh ch yu nhm vo cng ngh thi gian thc ca th gic my tnh, c

pht trin bi Intel v hin ti c h tr bi Willow Garage v Itseez. OpenCV l

th vin m ngun m min ph theo giy php BSD, nhm gip cho ngi dng c

th d dng thay i v s dng.

Hnh 1 Logo ca t chc OpenCV

Hin ti, OpenCV c hn 2500 thut ton ti u ha, trong bao gm mt tp

hp tt c cc thut ton v th gic my tnh v my hc. Cc thut ton ny c th

c s dng pht hin v nhn din khun mt, nhn din i tng, phn loi cc

hnh ng ca con ngi trong video, theo di i tng chuyn ng, trch xut cc

m hnh 3D ca cc i tng, tm hnh nh tng t t mt c s d liu hnh nh,

loi b mt t hnh nh chp s dng n flash, theo di chuyn ng ca mt,

OpenCV hin c hn 47 nghn ngi dng trn ton th gii. Th vin ny c s

dng rng ri cc trong nhm nghin cu ca cc cng ty ln nh: Google, Yahoo,

Microsoft, Intel, IBM, Sony, Honda, Toyota v cc c quan chnh ph.



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Hnh 2. Cc hm x l nh ca OpenCV

2. Lch s pht trin

Chnh thc ra mt vo nm 1999, d n OpenCV ban u mt sng kin nghin

cu ca Intel ci tin CPU v cc ng dng chuyn su, mt phn ca mt lot cc

d n bao gm c theo di cc tia sng theo thi gian thc v mn hnh hin th 3D.

Ngi ng gp chnh cho d n ti u ha bao gm mt s chuyn gia trong Intel

Nga v nhm cc chuyn gia phng nghin cu hiu sut ca Intel. Trong nhng ngy

u ca OpenCV, cc mc tiu ca d n c m t nh

OpenCV ban u c ch h tr vit bng ngn ng C, nhng hin ti h tr

th vin v pht trin trn cc nn tng ngn ng khc nh C++, Java, Android,

iOS,ng thi, n cng h tr trn a mi trng h iu hnh: Windows, Linux,

Android, Mac OS, Cube,

Phin bn alpha u tin ca OpenCV c pht hnh ra cng chng ti hi ngh

IEEE v Computer Vision v Pattern Recognition vo nm 2000. Phin bn 1.0 u

tin c pht hnh vo nm 2006. Vo gia nm 2008, OpenCV c s ng h ca

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Thng 10/2009, OpenCV 2 c pht hnh vi nhiu ci tin vt bt, bao gm

nhng thay i ln v thay i ngn ng lp trnh, v giao din, s dng d dng hn,

mt s chc nng mi, v khai thc tt hn v hiu sut (c bit l trn cc h thng

a li).

Trong thng 8 nm 2012, OpenCV c h tr v tip qun bi mt t chc phi

li nhun v website OpenCV.org c xy dng ngay sau .



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Hnh 3 Lch s phin bn ca OpenCV

3. Cu trc ca OpenCV

Cu trc ca OpenCV gm 4 thnh phn chnh:

CxCore: Cha cc cu trc c bn nh im, ng, dy, mt, ma trn v cc

thao tc cp thp lin quan.

MLL (Machine Learning Library) l th vin machine learning, th vin ny bao

gm rt nhiu lp thng k v gp cc cng c x l.

CV (Computer Vision): Cha hu ht cc thao tc lin quan n vic x l nh

cp thp nh lc nh, trch bin, phn vng, tm contour, bin i Fourier

HighGUI: Cc thao tc ln nhng file nh v file Video nh c nh, hin th

nh, chuyn i nh dng

Hnh 4 Cu trc th vin OpenCV

4. OpenCV trn Android

Th vin OpenCV dnh cho h iu hnh Android c OpenCV cung cp trn

trang ch ca mnh (http://opencv.org/android) cng vi cc ti liu hng dn s

dng v cng ng trao i hc tp vi nhau.

II. NN TNG ANDROID

Android l mt h iu hnh cho cc thit b di ng, da trn nn tng Linux,

c Google pht trin v sau tr thnh sn phm chin lc ca t chc OHA. N

l sn phm m ngun m, cho php cc nh pht trin c th iu khin thit b di

ng c ci h iu hnh Android thng qua cc on m c vit bng ngn ng

Java.


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Trang 19

Hnh 5 Robot Android Biu tng ca H iu hnh Android

1. Lch s pht trin ca Android

Vo nhng nm u ca th k 21, Andy Rubin to ra Android nh l mt h

iu hnh m dnh cho cc thit b di ng. Nm 2005, Google mua li sn phm

ny t tay Andy Rubin v c ng lm gim c pht trin nn tng di ng cho

Google, mt mt gip Google khng nh mnh m v tr ca mnh trong lnh vc mi

c xem l Internet 2.0, nhng mt khc cng to ra cuc cnh tranh khc lit gia

Google v i th nng k Apple iPhone, ang l nh cung cp c a chung nht

thi im ny.

Thng 11/2007, Android phin bn 1.0 ra i cng vi s thnh lp t ch OHA

(Open Handset Alliance) gm nhiu cng ty phn cng, phn mm. Mc tiu chnh

ca t chc ny l cng nhau nghin cu pht trin tiu chun m cho cc thit b di

ng, gim gi thnh sn xut v nng cao cht lng dch v. Android l h iu

hnh m dnh cho thit b di ng u tin, ra i theo mc tiu ny. N ta trn nn

tng m Linux v ngn ng lp trnh Java ca Oracle. Nn tng Android phi hot

ng nh mt my tnh chy trn chip, ngha l nh va vi thit b v mnh

chy cc ng dng. Ngoi ra, Android cn cung cp cc cng c, ti liu, th vin

h tr nhng nh pht trin phn mm v phn cng pht trin ng dng cho in

thoi mt cch d dng. Tri qua nhiu thp nin, Android pht trin v nng cp

ln cc phin bn khc nhau v phin bn mi nht hin nay (nm 2013) l phin bn

Android 4.2. Thit b cm tay ci t Android u tin trn th trng l thit b T-

Mobile G1 do HTC sn xut v bn ra th trng M. Ngy nay, rt nhiu nh sn

xut in thoi nh HTC, Samsung, LG Electronics, T-Mobile, Lenovo, s dng

Android lm h iu hnh cho cc dng in thoi mi ca h.

2. Cc phin bn Android v API ca n

Lch s cc phin bn ca Android v API tiu biu ca n c lit k nh sau:

- Android 1.0 (API 1): pht hnh ngy 23/09/2008.

- Android 1.1 (API 2): pht hnh ngy 09/02/2009.

- Android 1.5 Cupcake (API 3): pht hnh ngy 30/04/2009.

- Android 1.6 Donut (API 4): pht hnh ngy 15/09/2009.

- Android 2.0 Eclair (API 5): pht hnh ngy 26/10/2009.

- Android 2.0.1 Eclair (API 6): pht hnh ngy 03/12/2009.

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- Android 2.1 Eclair (API 7): pht hnh ngy 12/01/2010.

- Android 2.2 Froyo (API 8): pht hnh ngy 20/05/2010.

- Android 2.3 Gingerbread (API 9): pht hnh ngy 06/12/2010.

- Android 2.3.3 Gingerbread (API 10): pht hnh 09/02/2011.

- Android 3.0 Honeycomb (API 11): pht hnh ngy 22/02/2011.



- Android 4.0 Ice Cream Sanwich (API 14): pht hnh ngy 19/10/2011.

- Android 4.0.3 Ice Cream Sanwich (API 15): pht hnh ngy 16/12/2011.

- Android 4.1 Jelly Bean (API 16): pht hnh ngy 09/07/2012.

- Android 4.2 Jelly Bean (API 17): pht hnh ngy 11/02/2013.

Ngun: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Android_version_history

3. H thng h tr ca Android

Android c pht trin theo hng m ht mc c th, ngi dng hay cc nh

pht trin c ton quyn thay i giao din, cc thnh phn h thng hay thm ch l

m ngun ca h iu hnh ny ty thch. iu ny khin cho h iu hnh ny tr nn

rt d ty bin nhng km theo l kh lm quen i vi nhng ngi cha c kinh

nghim. Tuy vy, s thnh cng ca n trn th trng phn no khng nh c

cht lng so vi cc i th.

4. Cc ng dng c sn trn Android

Mt in thoi Android thng thng s i km vi mt vi ng dng c

ci t sn, bao gm:

- Mt trnh email tng thch vi Gmail.

- Chng trnh qun l tin nhn SMS.

- Chng trnh qun l thng tin c nhn, bao gm c lch lm vic, danh

b, v c ng b ha vi dch v ca Google.

- Phin bn thu gn ca Google Map cho in thoi, bao gm StreetView,

tm kim a im, ch ng, tnh trng giao thng,

- Trnh duyt web da trn nhn WebKit.

- Chng trnh tn gu (chat).

- Trnh a phng tin (chi nhc, xem nh,).

- Android Marketplace cho php ngi dng ti v v ci t cc ng

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Tt c cc ng dng c sn u c vit bng ngn ng Java v s dng

Android SDK.



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Cc d liu v thng tin ngi dng c cc ng dng c sn s dng - nh

thng tin v danh b - vn hon ton c th c s dng bi cc ng dng ca bn

th ba.

Tng t vy, ng dng ca bn hon ton c th x l cc s kin nh c cuc

gi n, nhn mt tin nhn mi, thay cho cc ng dng c sn.

4.1. Truy cp phn cng (Access Hardware)

Android bao gm th vin cc API gip n gin ha ti a vic s dng phn

cng ca thit b. iu m bo rng bn khng cn phi bn tm nhiu n vic

ng dng ca mnh c th chy nh mong i trn nhiu thit b khc nhau hay khng,

min l thit b c h tr Android.

Android SDK bao gm cc API cho phn cng nh: GPS, camera, kt ni mng,

Wi-Fi, Bluetooth, con quay gia tc, mn hnh cm ng, qun l nng lng,

4.2. Dch v chy nn (Background Services)

Android h tr cc ng dng v dch v c thit k chy n.

Do kch thc nh ca mn hnh in thoi nn ti mt thi im ch c th thy

c mt ng dng. Dch v chy nn gip to ra cc thnh phn ng dng v hnh

thc hin t ng mt tc v no m khng cn phi c s tng tc ca ngi

dng. V d nh mt dch v chy nn c chc nng chn cuc gi n i vi cc s

in thoi c trong black list chng hn.

4.3. SQLite Database

Bi v tnh cht nh gn v b hn ch v phn cng ca in thoi di ng, cho

nn i hi vic lu tr v truy xut d liu phi nhanh chng v hiu qu.

Android h tr h qun tr d liu nh gn SQLite, v cung cp cho ng dng cc

API thao tc. Mc nh mi ng dng u c chy trong sandbox - iu ny c

ngha l ni dung ca tng database ng vi tng ng dng ch c th c truy cp

bng chnh ng dng . Tuy nhin cng c cc c ch ng dng c th chia s,

trao i cc database vi nhau.

4.4. H thng thng bo (Notifications)

Thng bo l cch thc tiu chun m thit b bo cho ngi dng c

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cc API bn c th cho ng dng ca mnh thng bo n ngi dng bng m thanh,

rung, hoc thm ch l c n LED ca thit b.

4.5. Ti u ha b nh v qun l tin trnh

Vic qun l b nh v tin trnh trong Android c mt cht khc bit. Ging

nh cng ngh Java v .NET, Android s dng mt b run-time ca ring mnh vi

cng ngh o ha qun l b nh ca cc ng dng ang chy. Khng ging nh

nhng nn tng khc, Android run-time cng ng thi qun l lun c thi gian sng

ca ng dng. Android m bo cc ng dng u c p ng bng cch dng v

hy cc tin trnh khng cn thit gii phng ti nguyn cho cc tin trnh c u

tin cao hn.



Trang 22

Trong bi cnh , u tin c xc nh ty thuc vo ng dng m ngi

dng ang tng tc. Android m bo rng cc tin trnh c th b hy mt cch

nhanh chng, nhng ng thi cng c th khi ng li nhanh khng km nu cn.

iu ny thc s quan trng trong mt mi trng m bn thn ng dng khng

th t kim sot c thi gian sng cho chnh mnh.

4.6. Android software development kit (SDK)

B SDK ca Android bao gm mi th cn thit gip bn c th lp trnh,

debug, v test ng dng Android.

- Android API: Ct li ca b SDK l th vin cc API. V Google cng

ch s dng b API ny xy dng cc ng dng c sn cho Android

(native application).

- Development Tool: SDK bao gm rt nhiu cng c gip bin dch, sa

li, v h tr trong vic lp trnh ng dng.

- Android Emulator: Trnh gi lp mt thit b chy Android thc s vi

nhiu skin thay th, cc k tin li cho vic test ng dng Android ngay

trn my tnh m khng cn phi thng qua mt thit b chy Android

thc.

- Ti liu: SDK bao gm b ti liu rt chi tit, gii thch cn k, chnh xc

nhng g bao gm trong mi package, class cng vi cch s dng chng.

Ngoi ti liu v code, cn c nhng ti liu dng getting started

v gii thch cc nguyn tc v c ch hot ng ca ng dng trong

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- Code mu: SDK bao gm cc ng dng mu n gin minh ha cho cc

tnh nng ni bt trn Android, cng nh cc ng dng demo cch s dng

nhng tnh nng ca b API.

i vi Eclipse IDE, Google cung cp mt plug-in gip kt hp cht ch gia

Eclipse vi Android Emulator cng nh cng c debug. iu ny gip cho vic pht

trin ng dng cho Android bng Eclipse thc s tr nn n gin.

4.7. Kin trc ng dng (Application Architecture)

tng ca Android l khuyn khch vic ti s dng li cc thnh phn

c, cho php ng dng ca bn c th chia s Activity, Service, D liu vi cc ng

dng khc trong gii hn truy cp do bn t ra.

Mt v d n gin: bn cn lm mt ng dng chp nh hn quc, v c bn

ng dng ny s lm hai nhim v: mt l chp nh, hai l ghp, chnh sa nh. Thay

v phi t xy dng chc nng chp nh, bn s s dng li chc nng chp nh c sn

trong ng dng chp nh ca Android. Vic ny gip bn d dng v mau chng xy

dng c nhng ng dng nhiu tnh nng v s dng hiu qu ti nguyn my.

Nhng dch v di y l nn tng kin trc ca mi ng dng Android, y l

khun kh cho bn xy dng ng dng ca ring mnh:

- Activity Manager: Kim sot vng i ca Activity.



Trang 23

- Views: Xy dng giao din ngi dng cho cc Activity.

- Notification Manager: Cung cp mt c ch thng nht v an ton ng

dng c th a ra cc thng bo cho ngi dng.

- Content Providers: Gip cho vic trao i, chia s d liu gia cc ng

dng vi nhau.

- Resource Manager: H tr qun l cc loi ti nguyn khng l code (non-

code resources) nh cc chui, hnh nh, hoc m thanh,

4.8. Cc th vin ca Android

Android cung cp cc gi API pht trin ng dng. Danh sch cc gi core

API di y gip cho bn c ci nhn tng qut v nhng g c h tr sn, tt c

cc thit b chy Android u phi h tr c ti thiu cc API ny.

- android.util: Gi api li, cha cc class cp thp nh containers, string

formatters, XML parsing.

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gi nhn tin nhn, giao tip ni b gia cc ng dng, thi gian,

- android.graphics: Cung cp cc lp lin quan ti x l ha mc thp.

H tr cc hm c bn nh v im, v min, t mu, trn mt khung

canvas.

- android.text: Cung cp cc hm phn tch v x l chui.

- android.database:Cung cp cc lp cp thp cn thit lm vic vi

databases.

- android.content: Dng qun l cc ti nguyn, cc ni dung, v cc gi.

- android.view: Views l lp cha ca mi lp giao din ngi dng.

- android.widget: c k tha t lp View, bao gm cc lp c bn

xy dng giao din widget nh: lists, buttons, layouts. (widget l mt

dng ng dng mini - hin th mn hnh chnh - cung cp cc chc nng

nho nh ly t ng dng ln).

- android.maps: Gi API cp cao, dng truy cp n cc chc nng ca

GoogleMap.

- android.app: Gi API cp cao, bao gm lp Activity v Service - hai lp

c s cho mi ng dng Android.

- android.telephony: Cung cp cho bn kh nng tng tc trc tip vi cc

chc nng c bn ca mt chic in thoi nh nghe, gi, tin nhn.

- android.webkit: Cung cp mt WebView control trn nn webkit c th

nhng vo ng dng, cng vi cc api iu khin c bn nh stop, refresh,

cookie manager,



Trang 24

5. Kin trc ca h thng Android

M hnh sau th hin mt cch tng qut cc thnh phn ca h iu hnh

Android. Mi mt phn s c c t mt cch chi tit di y.

Hnh 6 Kin trc ca Android

Tng Applications

y l tng cao nht v ng dng Android ca bn s nm trong tng ny. Tuy

nhin, tin li cho vic truy xut mt thng tin cc tng di, Google vit sn

mt th vin tin ch trong tng ny gip bn truy xut thng tin nhng tng bn

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Tng Application Framework

Tng ny cha cc th vin Java h tr ngi dng giao tip vi tng Android

framework. Mt thnh phn ca tng ny di Google cung cp sn cho bn, mt phn l

do bn t to ra. Trong tng ny th thnh phn quan trng nht l Activity Manager v

n qun l chu k sng ca Activity.

- Activity Manager: qun l chu k sng ca cc Activity trong ng dng

Android.

- Telephony Manager: cung cp th vin truy xut n cc dch v thoi

cng nh l thng tin thu bao.

- View System: x l giao din trong ng dng Android ca bn.

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