TNG HP CC CCH SA XE MY LONGLANGSON SU TM 1. Cch sa xe my khi b sc xng Bugi thng nm v tr rt d tho lp. Nu hn hp xng v kh a vo bung t c t l xng qu cao th s khng chy c, mc d vn c tia la in t bugi. Hin tng ny gi l sc xng, n lm cho bung t v bugi b t, my khng n c. Nguyn nhn Thng thng, cc li pht sinh t b ch ha kh. Chng hn nh mc xng trong bnh iu tit qu cao, gic-l chnh c c ln hn tiu chun, bm gi b kt ng, cc vt chnh t l hn hp t sai v tr... Ngoi ra, cn c nguyn nhn xng khng bt chy, tch t li sau vi ln khi ng, bugi nh la yu hoc b t du, sc nn ca piston yu (sc-mng mn hoc xu-pp b x)... Trong cc trng hp trn, bn cng c khi ng xe, xng cng xung nhiu hn v ng c khng th n c. Khc phcKhi bn khi ng 5-6 ln khng c, hy ngng ngay vic v thc hin cc bc sau: - Kha xng li, vn ht tay ga ln v tip tc bm start thm vi ln na, thng l my n c ngay. Khi bt u n, ting my s khng u trong khong 5 n 10 giy, sau mi n nh. By gi, bn c th m kho xng vn hnh xe bnh thng. Lm sch bugi bng xng v bn chi. - Nu sau cc bc trn, xe vn khng n, bn hy tho bugi ra, ra sch bng xng v bn chi, thi cho kh. Tip theo, hy tt cng tc in, bt ngn tay vo l lp bugi ri p cn khi ng vi chc ln xng trong bung t thot bt ra ngoi. Cui cng, lp bugi vo v khi ng bnh thng.

y ch l gii php tnh th c th i xe c ngay. V lu di, bn nn iu chnh li cc ch trn b ch ha kh. Nu cn, hy kim tra tng th, tm ra nguyn nhn ca tnh trng sc xng sa cha mt cch cn bn. 2 , Khc Phc im yu ca ng c: ng c y l ch phn Pit-tng, Xi Lanh, b u B, Bnh Xng Con, B Phn nh La. _ B phn Pit-tng v xi lanh trn xe TQ c cht lng thp hn so vi xe Honda nhng vn vn hnh bn b trong thi gian di, tui th trung bnh ca Pit tong v Xi lanh l 2 nm hoc lu hn. Khi pit tong, Bc b lng, xe s t chy nht trong my to ra khi c mu en,my xe yu, nu thng xuyn thm nht th s pht hin lng nht gim ng k, vn hnh lu rt nguy him. sa cha, ta i xoy li cho kht. C th Xoy ti a 4 ln nn gi l ct 1, 2 ,3 v 4.Ln Xoy u tin k t khi mua xe mi c th mt nm, nhng sau khi xoy ln ct 1 th ln xoy tip theo s cn 8 thng hay mau hn. Mi ln xoy pit tong l mi ln phi thay Bc. Phn mau sy ra h hng trong cm Pit tong v xi lanh l B Bc( B Giong), thng thng tui th khong 6 thng hay 12,000km. Ni Chung gi thnh sa cha cm Pit tng, Xi lanh, Bc vo khong 200 ngn ng, nhng s dng c thi gian di nn phn ny xe TQ v xe Honda khng khc bit. Trong khi sa cha cm pit tong v Xi lanh, c th yu cu k thut vin s dng ph tng ca Honda m bo cht lng v bn. _ B phn u b gm phn ch yu l Sn Cam, Con i Xup pap v hai xup-pp. Xp-pp tht s l ci van ng m khi cho hn hp nhin liu vo v thi kh qua ng P xe. Gm c 2 loi l Xup pp hi( ht hn hp nhin liu vo n c) v xp pp la( cho kh thi x ra ngoi). Hai Xp pp sau khi hot ng thi gian di khng cn kht na nn gi l h Xp-pp. Khi h xp pp, xe khng th vn hnh c ga-ran-ti( ga nh) kh khi ng. Khi xy ra tnh trng trn phi i Xoy Xup-pp li cho kht.Chi ph khong 30 ngn Ngoi ra Sn Cam cng l chi tit mau h. N l si dy sn truyn ng t ct cam my ti ct ui Xp-pp. Khi Sn Cam b gin, xe s ku nhng m thanh l, rung nhiu hn. C th thay th bng sn Cam TQ 30 ngn hay ca Honda 187 ngn. _ Bnh xng con(BXC) TQ l b phn m bo ch v cc nh Qung Co ni rng t nht v hay trc trc nht l hon ton sai lm. Thng ngi ta ni BXC xe TQ hao xng hn ca Honda, iu ny ch ng mt phn v hao xng l do rt nhiu nguyn nhn. BXC xe Trung Quc hay ca Honda u lm nhim v l to ra hn hp khng kh v xng cung cp cho

ng c. Cu to BXC rt n gin. Lp ngoi thng c lm bng Antimode, kim phung xng bng Thao, Pittong gas, bong-tu lm bng nha. Do kim loi Antimode ca BXC Con TQ km cht lng hn chnh hng Honda, Suzuki... nn nhanh mn, to ra cn, lm xng qua khng u gy xe chy khng m, hao xng. Do cht lng kim loi ca kim phum xng nn sau 6 thng th kim phun mn, lm xng qua nhiu gy hao xng. Cch khc phc l xc, ra sch bnh xng con thng xuyn, theo di mn ca pit tong ga m thay th kp thi. gi ph tng BXC rt r v d dng thao tc. Ch vi mt cy cha kha 10, vt ba ke, vit dp l c th m bnh xng con v v sinh. Nu bn mun thay th bng BXC gi r nhng cht lng m bo th BCX hiu CENTA ca cng ty Thnh t l la chn tt nht. Gi BXC 50 phn khi l 120 ngn, 100 phn khi l 150 ngn, 110 phn khi l 195 ngn. BXC ny rt tt, c b kim nh cht lng kim tra. Nu iu kin c th thay th BXC Honda vi gi rt cao l 1 triu ng. B phn nh la trn xe gn my gm : Bobin La, IC(CDI), Bobin Cao p( Bobin sn), Bugi. H hng xy ra b phn nh la ch c cch l thay mi. Khi thay mi tt nht l s dng ph tng Honda m bo bn v h thng nh la rt d h hng. ng c TQ c th lp ph tng ca xe Honda Wave alpha rt tt. Gi IC wave alpha l 154 ngn, Bobin Cao p wave Alpha 60 ngn, ca Dream 280 ngn, Bugi c th s dng Denso hay NGK u tt, gi khong 50 ngn, Bobin la gi 110 ngn. Nhng khi s dng ph tng TQ th gi r hn rt nhiu: IC 30 ngn, Bobin Cao p 35 ngn, Bugi 20 ngn, Bobin la 30 ngn. Ring v Bobin la do nm trong v n c nn khi thay th rt tn km do tin cng cao. D cho Bobin la ca Honda cng rt d h hng do lm vic nhit cao v dy ng nh nn d chy. Tt nht l thay th bng Bobin La do th qun chuyn nghip lm, vi gi 20 ngn thp hn Bobin TQ mi v r hn rt nhiu ca Honda. V cht lng th m bo hn ca Honda. y l mt trong nhng ph tng do th lm th cng m gi thnh rt r. 3 Khc phc im yu h thng truyn ng: _ H thng truyn ng l gm b li hp s cp( B Ba Cng), b li hp th cp( B L) v b hp s. B hp s ca Honda hay TQ th rt kh hng hc, Ch c b Li hp l hn km nhau cht lng. B phn quan trng nht ca ng c l B LI Hp, n truyn n t ng c n hp s v bnh xe. Do cht lng ca B Li Hp TQ km nn gy ra hao xng, xe yu trong khi my n ln. Quan trng nht l B Ba Cng( LI Hp S Cp). Khc phc khuyt im B Ba Cng(BBC) c nhiu cch vi gi thnh v cht lng khc nhau. C ngi thch chy B Dn do cc tim gia cng v gi thnh r v lm xe chy nhanh, nhng khue6t1 dim ln nht l khi xe

chy vi chc km th mc dn ng s gim, s chy khng i, hao xng, rung mnh. Thay th bng b ni TQ khc gi l 120 ngn nhng sau vi thng th xe li nh c. Khi i khong 20km tr li th b ni TQ v Honda khng c g khc bit, nhng khi chy hang trm km th xe Honda pht huy sc mnh. Thay th tt nht trong trng hp ny l s dng b ba cng ca Honda gi 600 ngn, khi xe chy m v mnh m khng km xe ca Honda hay Suzuki... B Li hp th cp( B L) th t quan trng hn ta c th thay th bng b l TQ 60 ngn hay b l SYM gn trn xe Angel l 75 ngn, Wave alpha l 200 ngn. B l gm bn l gp li vi nhau, nu mun xe bc u th ngi ta lp 2 hay 3 l, iu ny ch lm xe bc u ch khng i nhanh, thch hp cho xe biu din, xe ua. 4 Cc b phn khc: _Xe TQ vn hnh khng m i mt phn do ng c, khung sn, mt phn cn do h thng gim sc( phuc nhng trc v sau). Hai phuc trc l quan trng nht. Hin nay c rt nhiu c s phc hi phuc nhng hiu qu th khc nhau. Phuc khng nhng, gim sc l do kh nht, l xo phuc yu. Khi phc hi, cc c s thng thay pht, thay nht phuc, thay ti, thay l xo gim sc. Quan trng l l xo gim sc loi tt s gip vn hnh m i. Co th thay l xo Wave alpha gi 38 ngn nhng cht lng tt. Thay th l xo th khng cn mang ra tim. bn c th lm ti nh ch vi Vt lc gic 6 v 8, cha kh m bnh xe trc l c th m cp phuc rat hay l xo, thay nht bi trn. Cp phuc sau th t quan trng hn nn cng t h hng. _ n ph axe l b phn quan trng gip li xe an ton trong m. n xe TQ thng khng sang bng Xe Honda, Suzuki, nht l khng bng xe Tay Ga. C th khc phc bng cch qun li Bobin n nm trong ng c xe. Xe TQ n khng sang l do in yu ch khng do bong n km gi 24 ngn. Thay th bong n khng hiu qu bng qun li Bobin n v gi thnh. Vic qun li Bobin n th phi c th chuyn qun mi lm c. y l cch ti u nht v khi t bong n, thay bong n mi th gi r hn nhiu so vi bng tt m sang khng i. 5 Bo dng xe my Trung Quc Khng c loi xe no khng h nu khng c bo dng tt. Do xe TQ c bn ph tng khng lu nn vic bo dng cng quan trng. Bo dng l cng vic nh k, khng n thun l ra xe sch s, m v sinh cc thnh phn quan trng nh Bugi, Ac-qui v chu trnh thay nht xe. 5.1 Bo dng v v sinh Bugi nh k: Sau khi vn hnh 4000-5000 km cn tho Bugi lm sch v th nh la ca h thng in. iu ny rt cn thit v a s trc trc do h thng

in gy ra. Ta xem u Bugi c nu g nh gi tnh trng xe. Nu u Bugi en, c bi than nhiu l do in khng mnh hay do xng qu nhiu nn nhin liu chy khng ht gy bi than. Thng gp tnh trng ny a s xe TQ. Nu Bugi c mu trng th xe thiu xng do bnh xng con b nght, cn xt bnh xng hoc chnh li kim xng. Nu u bugi mu gch l tt nht. trng hp ny rt t gp trn xe TQ 5.2. Bo dng Ac-qui( Bnh Xe) Bnh xe dung khi ng my nn khi ht in hoc bnh h th xe khng c hoc kh chy. Ac-qui c hai loi Kh v c( dung axit). Ac-qui kh th khng cn bo dng nhng khi h th khng sc li c, dung khong 6 thng l trc trc. Ac-qui axit cn bo dng thng xuyn mi thng bng cch chm them dung dich vo bnh. Dung dich chm them l axit H2SO4 20%, gi 2 ngn 150ml. Sau 6 thng c th sc bnh v np in li, bnh s vn hnh nh mi. 5.3. Chu trnh thay nht xe: Theo khuyn co ca cc hng xe, ng c cn c thay nht sau 2000km vn hnh. Nu i xe ng xa thng xuyn th cn phi thay nht nhiu hn. Nu chy lin tc 200 km mt ngy th cn thay nht ngay. V khi i ng xa, nht chy nhanh v mau mt bi trn lm ng c gim cng sut. Vic theo di lng nht thng xuyn cng cho bit tnh trng Bc Pittong c mn hkhng, nu Bc mn th xe r hao nht. 5.4. Kim Tra trng ca dy sn ti: Dy sn cng l phn quan trng m chng ta thng khng ch ti. Dy sn trng nhiu khi vn hnh s to ra ting ng l, nguy him nht l tuc dy sn gia ng. m bo an ton, sau khi i 1000km cn kim tra gin ca sn v tra nht vo cho m i. V sinh b ch ho kh Thao tc chnh c gi Ngoi chuyn bugi yu in hoc tc xng th gi l yu t quan trng cho xe d n my v chy m, lng gi cn iu chnh va vo b ch ho kh, v n cng l tc nhn lm cho xe my d hay thiu nhin liu. iu gi vo trong my bnh xng con c hai c chnh, mt nm ngay hng dy ga, thng gi l c gi, dng chnh ga lng ti, tc chnh lng gi vo trc tip va cho xe n m, nh lc khng ti, v mt con c na nm k bn, gi l c xng, nhng thc cht n cng dng chnh gi. Mun cho xng xung bung t nhiu hay t th chnh c ny lm lng gi vo nhiu s ht xng xung v ngc li.

Lng xng, gi cn chnh khng ng s kh n. Hoc n ri, ln ga li b tt my hay xe chy l r, khng hot ng nh bnh thng. Gp tnh hung nhiu khi phi ko le gi (air) pha tri ca tay li. Hoc cho xe n chng 5-7 pht, nng my ln mi c th chy c. l tnh trng thiu xng, chy trong trng hp ny ng c rt nng, cc thit b trong my c gin n, to ma st cao, lm gim tui th ca my. iu gi t bn ngoi B lc gi cng nm trong h thng a gi vo my. Nu b bn, nht l xe hot ng thng xuyn trong mi trng bi bm, cn phi v sinh nh k b lc gi ny. Thng thng t 5 thng n 1 nm, cn ra ming xp lc bi trong hp gi mt ln. Nu l loi bng giy, bn qu, phi thay mi. Khng nn chi bi ri ly kim chm thm l cho thng nh nhiu ni vn thng phc hi. V bi bm b cun vo nhiu d gy h pt tng, bc v lm hao xng, xe chy thng b "hng". gi cho bnh lc gi khng bn, ngi s dng cng cn gi cho xe sch. Ngoi ra, bn t bm nhiu cc phin tn nhit s lm gim kh nng gii nhit cho my khi vn hnh. 6.S c thng gp khi khi ng xe my Nhng trc trc b thng xuyn xy ra, do vy, xe my thng c thm cn khi ng s dng trong trng hp ny. Nu phn tch chnh xc hin tng th vic sa cha cc h hng ca h thng ny s nhanh chng v tit kim. 6.1. Khi bm nt start my khng quay Nguyn nhn ca pan ny c th do bnh acquy ht in, r le hng, nt start khng tip xc, t dy hoc tut gic cm trong h thng in. Mt l do quan trng l chi than b mn, chiu di tiu chun ca chi tit ny l 12 mm, nu ch cn di 4 mm l phi thay mi. 6.2. yu khng ko ni v-lng Li ny do bnh acquy qu yu, a tip in trong r-le b chy r, chi than mn hoc r-to ca my b chp mch. 6.3. ng c my khng chu ngng khi bung nt start

Nguyn nhn l r-le b dnh cng, khng ct c in. Phi tt cha kha, tho ri chi tit sa cha hoc thay mi. 6.4. Phn khi ng quay tt nhng v-lng khng quay Hin tng ny do khp ly hp mt chiu b trt, c th v li hoc bi b mn, l xo ng y yu khng bung ra c. Phi vam v-lng ra khi trc khuu, tho b ly hp xem xt sa cha hoc thay mi. 6.5. Khi bm nt start c ting va ln trong my y l trng hp thng gp xe Trung Quc, do cht lng kim loi lm li v bi km, mn khng u, nhiu sai s. Khc phc bng cch gia cng li cc chi tit bng kim loi tt, ng kch thc. Theo nghim ca th sa xe, khi n my th xe, cn gi tay ga nhiu tc . C th n my tc cm chng garanti v ln ga ln, sau t ngt gim ga. Nu xe my khng n nh, ting my s khng u m b nc cc v c th b tt my. Ch cc ting ku xut pht t "u b" tc v tr ca ct cam v x pp. Nn tr ti tr lui cng s khi n my kim tra n nh khi c ti, ng thi kim tra b ly hp lun. Ch ga cha cng thu thu ht khch hng, cc ca hng thng nim yt gi bn xe trc thu ngi mua cho rng gi xe qu r. Nhng thc ra, khi bt u thanh ton tin, h li cng thu gia tng vo lm gi bn xe tng ln. Cn phi hi tht k v gi, liu ca hng tnh lun chi ph sang tn xe cha, c tnh thu gi tr gia tng khng? Ngoi ra, phi hi thm, nu bo sang tn, khch hng s ly bng s v giy lu hnh xe ti ca hng hay im ng k xe. Sa cha xe my Trung Quc (phn mt) iu chnh b ch ho kh. C chy mt qung, chic xe cht my, nhng ngh chng 5 pht li chy c. Nguyn nhn hin tng kh hiu ny l np bnh xng khng c l thng hi, y l mt li thng gp do ch to. Ch cn khoan l thng hi trn np bnh xng l n. H hng ti ng c Tng ga m ng c khng bc, pht ra ting n lp, nguyn nhn thng gp l bugi b hng, cn thay mi. Xe nhanh b nng my trn mc bnh thng, my n rung mnh ch chn. y l hin tng bung t b thu nh, p lc nn tng cao. Phi x

l bng cch thay m quy lt mi dy hn hoc tin bt mt phn kim loi trn mt u piston. N my sau 5 pht th xut hin ting g ln, lin tc t ng c. Li ny do thanh truyn b cong, va chm vi m trc khuu. Phi tho ri ng c, thay thanh truyn v p bin li. Xe chy n nh sau 5 pht th bt u x nhiu khi trng xanh. y l hin tng du sc vo bung t t nhng vt nt hoc l mt trn np quy lt. Phi tho ri np ny ra, quan st tht chnh xc im li x l bng keo chuyn dng hoc thay mi. Hng ti h thng nh la Xe t ngt cht my, khng khi ng li c. Nguyn nhn do hng cc IC, phi thay mi bng loi ca Nht. Xe ang chy b cht my, ngui khong 10 pht sau th n li c. H hng ny pht sinh t cun tn hiu nh la, cn gi l cc kch, phi thay mi. ng c khng n, mc d my quay mnh, kim tra thy mt la bugi. Nh vy l cun la ngun hng, cn thay. My chy m ch, kh n, hao xng, kim tra thy tia la bugi km hoc khng c. Phi kim tra cun s v th cp trong b in, sau n bbin sn, hng phn no thay phn . Sa cha xe my Trung Quc (phn 2) 1: cng gim xc. 2: may- . 3: ng m. Tho ri hai gim xc trc, kim tra thy nhn tt, nhng h lp vo xe th li b cng ngc, tht kh hiu. Li ny do ng m nh trn trc trc, nm gia may- v u gim xc, b di hoc ngn. N lm cho hai cng phuc nhn khng thng tm v b kt, mi ng m i vi mm, hy thm long-en vo l xong. Hng in n, h thng khi ng n trc khng sng hoc d b chy bng khi i nhanh, mc d c quy tt. Nguyn nhn do b chnh lu khng ng quy cch, bn trong b ny c in tr tit ch dng in my pht, v tr s in tr cao hay thp qu lm cho n khng sng hoc d chy bng. Nn thay mi b tit lu loi tt, ng cng sut. Bnh c quy tt, nhng n nt khi ng lc c lc khng. y l hin tng hng r le hoc cc chi than bn trong m bin khi ng, cc chi tit ny r tin d kim v thay th d dng. Bm nt start m khng quay, th ci, n tt. Nh vy l m bin khi ng hng, cc nam chm nm trong thn my b bong khi v.

Tho ri m bin ny ra kim tra, nu bc v thn rto cha b st ct h hng th ch p li nam chm l c. Cc trc trc b ly hpNhng vn v ly hp xe my Mt lc no , bn cht nhn thy chic xe my ca mnh "ung xng" nhiu hn bnh thng, thm ch mc tiu hao tng ti 30-40%. ng thi, kh nng tng tc gim i r rt. C th cn do nhiu yu t khc, nhng v c bn, l du hiu cho thy ly hp b mn. Ly hp xe my, cng nh ly hp ca t, c dng ct v truyn m-men dn ng n hp s mt cch nhanh chng, dt khot. Yu cu ca ly hp l truyn ht m-men ng c m khng b trt, tch, ct truyn lc mt cch nhanh chng, dt khot gim va p ca bnh rng hp s. Ly hp ca xe my u l loi ly hp ma st vi cc a ly hp ch ng v b ng u c ngm trong du. a ch ng l a thp v a b ng nm gia 2 a ch ng cng l a thp c dn cc tm vt liu ma st. trn ch l nhng du hiu mn ly hp m bn c th thy mt cch d dng nht. Ngoi vic "ung" nhiu xng hn nhng bc ca my li gim, mt chic xe vi b ly hp b mn nhiu cn bc l mt s hin tng khc nh ting my n to hn, thm ch ku rt v xe b rung c khi chy tc thp ln tc cao. Trong trng hp vn hnh trn mt chng ng di vi tc cao, chn ca bn thm ch c th b t v gi chn rung mnh. Tay li b rung t hn nhng cng c th lm tay bn b mi, nh hng n vic iu khin xe. C nhiu nguyn nhn dn n vic ly hp b mn. Nu bn l ngi s dng xe ng k thut v bo dng thng xuyn th ly hp ca xe s c tui th rt lu v mn ph thuc ch yu vo qung ng chy. Khng t xe chy c 6-8 vn km m ly hp vn cn tt. Ngc li, vic s dng s khng ng k thut s lm gim tui th ca ly hp rt nhanh, chng hn nh khng v s trc khi tng tc. a b ng cn c th b chai hoc chy do ngi iu khin xe hay "v cn". Nguyn nhn khc dn n vic ly hp b mn l xe thng xuyn b ti nng. Nu xe qu ti, mt iu r rng l khng nhng ly hp b mn m cn nh hng n nhiu chi tit khc ca xe (vnh, sm lp, nhng, xch, ...) v quang trng hn l tnh mng ca ch xe. Khi xut hin nhng triu chng cho thy ly hp b mn, bn s cm thy chic xe t ra "mt mi" v "kh tnh". N khng chu tng tc khi bn tng ga m cn go ln, thm ch nhiu lc bn c cm gic nh n chng thm chy. B phn chu nh hng trc tip ca vic ly hp mn l ng c. Ly hp mn s b trt v ch xt mnh khi vn hnh tc thp hoc trong qu trnh xe tng tc. V vy, t c tc quay mong mun, s

vng quay ca ng c s phi tng ln. Do phi lm vic vt v hn, cng vi nhit sinh ra do ch xt, ng c s nng hn bnh thng nn tui th b gim i. Khi cc du hiu mn ly hp bc l mc nng, bn ch cn mt cch duy nht l thay th b ly hp. c th l mt khon tin khng nh nhng b li, bn v chic xe s c li rt nhiu. Ch ring mc xng tiu hao tng ln l gip bn nhn ra iu ch cha k nhng tn hi khc. Chic xe l vt thng xuyn gn b vi bn. Hy trnh cho n phi thng xuyn ch qu ti. bo v ly hp xe, ch cn tng gim ga u n khi iu khin xe, kt hp vi vic vo s nhp nhng, ph hp vi tc . Thay lp xe loi khng sm Vnh c lp lp khng sm trn cc xe i mi Khi chn lp thay th, cn c k hiu ca loi tng thch c ghi trn vnh xe, trnh lp sai ch s. Khng nn lp loi lp c bit ny vo vnh thng thng, bnh xe s xung hi rt nhanh hoc vng ra khi xe chy, gy nguy him. Hu ht cc xe m t loi 500-700 cc v cc xe gn my i mi u dng loi lp xe khng cha sm, lp trn loi vnh c thit k ring. Loi vnh ny trong c ph thp nhng phn bn ngoi bng hp kim nhm, rt d h hng. Khi thay lp xe, phi dng dng c by mt cch cn thn, trnh mt vnh b cy xc hoc bin dng. Tt nht nn t mt tm m lt vo gia dng c by v vnh. Hng Honda c bn mt loi m bo v (k hiu No.7772-0020200), tin dng cho vic tho lp khng sm. Thao tc tho 1. X ht hi trong bnh xe. 2. p hai mp lp vo gia tm vnh, bi trn chng bng x phng. 3. t tm m (nu c) v thanh by vo mp lp gn v tr van, by cho mt phn ca n vt ra khi vnh. 4. Thm mt thanh by th 2 vo cnh thanh th 1, gi mp ngoi khng bt tr li vnh. Tip tc thc hin bc 3 xung quanh vnh ly trn mt vng mp lp ra. 5. Gi bnh xe ng thng, ci mt thanh by vo gia mp lp cn li vi vnh, cng pha vi mp t do. Thao tc nh bc 3, tho nt phn cn li. Thao tc lp 1. Kim tra cn thn tnh trng chic lp sp c lp, lm sch vnh.

2. Nu l lp mi, trong lng c gn sn nhng khi cao su cn bng ng, khng c ct b. im nh nht ca lp c nh sn xut nh du bng mt k hiu mu gn mp, t n gn l chn van. 3. Bi trn hai mp lp mi bng x phng. 4. t na bn di ca mt mp lp vo vnh ri p na trn vo sau. Ch s dng thanh by on cui cng cn nhiu lc m thi. 5. Vi mp lp cn li, nht pha i din vi van vo vnh, by dn tng on ngn dn phn cui ti chn van l vo ht trong vnh. Xoay vi vng kim tra di tip xc gia lp vi vnh. 6. Va bm va xoay v ng bnh xe xung t cc mp lp tip xc vi vnh tt hn. Bm hi vo vi p lc ln hn quy nh mt cht mp lp b p cht vi lng vnh, sau x bt cho ti mc quy nh. Lu - Mi khi tho ri lp ra khi vnh l phi thay van hi mi. - Nu hi b thot ra trong khi bm th phi bi keo v lp vo 2 mp, p cht chng vo vnh v bm li. Kim tra t in v bugi Xe kh n c th do bugi. Thng thng t in hng l do b chm mt hoc b r r khin in th cp b mt hay chp chn lc mnh lc yu, ng c hot ng khng n nh. Bugi cng rt quan trng i vi hot ng ca ng c, cn kim tra lin tc t n ch chun. tho t in ra khi mm la, cn nh mi dy hn t in, tho vt bt t ra khi mm la. Kim tra t in Kim tra bng cch u mt cc n 110V vo cc dng ca t v mt cc n vo cc m, n khng sng l c. Mun bit kh nng tch in ca t, th chm dy gia ca t vo v ca n, nu tia la mu xanh phng ra mnh v gin th t cn tt. Nu tia la phng ra yu, chng t t b r r, phi thay mi. Thay t in cn ch my yu t: in dung ca t in trong khong 0,17 n 0,25 MF (micr fara), gn t vo mt ni cng gn b vt la cng tt, v ca t in phi tip mt tht tt... Kim tra v chnh sa bugi Bugi nhn ngun in cao th ca m bin sn v bin thnh tia la in, t chy hn hp kh trong xi lanh. Tu theo tr s nhit ngi ta chia bugi thnh bugi nng v ngui. Bugi nng c dng cho honda vn tc thp, hot ng trong mi trng nhit thp. Bugi ngui dng cho honda chy tc cao, nhit hot ng cao.

C 4.000 km, ch xe nn tho bugi, kim tra v iu chnh khe h ca chu. Trc khi tho bugi ra khi np quy lt, cn thi sch bi quanh chn bugi. Sau khi tho, cn ngm u bugi trong xng, sau dng que g cng vt nhn hoc li dy phanh moi sch mui than trong ni bugi, tip ra sch bng xng. Phn bugi nm trong my c mu trng xo l xe b thiu xng, mu en v t c ngha l tha xng. C hai trng hp u phi chnh li ch ho kh, chu bugi xe "n" xng. Bugi p (xe xng) c mu gch cua. Khe h ca chu bugi khong 0,6-0,7 mm l va. Nu khe h hp hn quy nh, nng lng tia la s km. Ngc li, nu rng hn, tia la s chy kh, bugi s mt la tc thp v chng lm hng m bin sn. Cch phn bit bu-gi tht - gi Cc loi bu-gi "nhi" theo nhng thng hiu ni ting nh Denso, NGK, xut hin kh ph bin ti Vit Nam v gy khng t phin toi cho khch hng. Tuy nhin, mi sn phm c c im ring nhn dng nh bu-gi Denso c rnh cc mt hnh ch U trong khi bu-gi NGK c vng lt rt chc Hin ti, th trng thit b ph tng cho c xe hi v xe my b lm gi vi cng ngh kh tinh vi. Thng 5, i qun l th trng s 4, huyn Long Thnh, ng Nai phi tin hnh tiu hy hn 2.000 chic bu-gi gi nhn hiu ca NGK. Bn cnh , nhng thng hiu ni ting th gii nh Denso cng b lm gi v ngun hng nhp ch yu t Trung Quc theo con ng tiu ngch. Trn thc t, nu khng c nhng chi tit c trng, ngi tiu dng rt kh nhn ra u l bu-gi tht, u l bu-gi gi. Trong khi , bu-gi gi c th gy nn nhiu tc hi nh xe kh khi ng, hot ng khng hiu qu, tiu hao nhin liu, xe khng bc. Thm ch, u bp c th b mn, thng nu s dng trong mt thi gian di. u bu-gi Denso tht (tri) khng bng nh bu-gi gi: nh: Denso. Theo ti liu do nh phn phi chnh thc ca Denso ti Vit Nam, X nghip Vn ti v Du lch JAC, thuc cng ty C phn Ford Thng Long, sn phm bu-gi Denso c nhng t im b ngoi rt d nhn bit: u in cc (phn bng st ni vi u bp) ca bu-gi gi sng long ch khng xn nh ca Denso tht. Tip n l phn s cch in, bu-gi Denso tht c 5 gn, in hnh thng hiu Denso v cc k hiu sn phm mt cch ng u, rt kh co, trong khi bu-gi gi c nghing khng u, nhe m v d phai mu khi gp nc. Phn ren trn bu-gi gi c nh khng c sc nt v nh hng rt nhiu ti cht lng cng nh hot ng ca ng c.

Cc k hiu trn bu-gi Denso tht (tri) sc nt hn bu-gi gi. nh: Denso Mt c im na trn bu-gi Denso l nh sn xut ny khot mt rnh ch U trn in cc mt tng cng kh nng nh la. y l cng ngh rt phc tp nn gn nh cc sn phm nhi khng th bt chc. Cc loi bu-gi "nhi" theo Denso ch c rnh hnh ch V ch khng c hnh chU. u cc mt c rnh ch U rt c trng ca bu-gi Denso tht. nh: Denso Nhng du hin cu to bn trong cng cho bit nhiu thng tin v sn phm. bu-gi Denso dng loi s cch in cht lng cao nn mn v ng nht, trong khi bu-gi gi dng loi s cht lng thp nn thng c l bt kh. Bn cnh , phn in cc dng bu-gi Denso tht lm bng ng, c kh nng thot nhit tt trong khi hng nhi c lm bng st nn tc gii nhit chm, khi p v thng c mu en ch khng c mu nh bu-gi chnh hiu. Mt sn phm khc c mt trn th trng Vit Nam kh lu l bu-gi NGK. Nhng thng tin tr gip v cnh bo khch hng v nn bu-gi gi vn c NGK Spark Plug gi ti khch hng thng xuyn. Theo ti liu chnh thc, c im u tin nhn ra bu-gi NGK tht l ch "NGK" vit chnh gia thn s trong khi cc loi hng nhi thng vit lch ln pha trn vi nt ch khng sc. S l hng ca NGK c vit trn hnh lc gic vi 4 ch s, trong khi bu-gi gi l hnh thang vung. Du hiu nhn bit bu-gi gi. nh: NGK c im ni bt m cc th my lu nm dng nhn bit bu-gi NGK v c nh sn xut ny khuyn co l vng lt (long-n theo ting Nam B hay giong ngoi Bc) trn sn phm tht rt chc, d s dng mt thi gian di. Trong khi , bu-gi gi, chi tit ny ch cn dng tay cng c th vn ra d dng . Du hiu bu-gi NGK gi: nh: NGK Ngoi nhng du hiu trn, cc nh sn xut cng khuyn ngi tiu dng nn bo dng thng xuyn c th pht hin kp thi bu-gi gi. Cc sn phm nhi thng c bn km, c thi gian nh la sm nn d bm mui cng nh mn nhanh hn sn phm chnh hng. Khc phc nhanh khi xe my b sc xng Bugi thng nm v tr rt d tho lp. Nu hn hp xng v kh a vo bung t c t l xng qu cao th s khng chy c, mc d vn c tia la in t bugi. Hin tng ny gi l sc xng, n lm cho bung t v bugi b t, my khng n c. Nguyn nhn

Thng thng, cc li pht sinh t b ch ha kh. Chng hn nh mc xng trong bnh iu tit qu cao, gic-l chnh c c ln hn tiu chun, bm gi b kt ng, cc vt chnh t l hn hp t sai v tr... Ngoi ra, cn c nguyn nhn xng khng bt chy, tch t li sau vi ln khi ng, bugi nh la yu hoc b t du, sc nn ca piston yu (sc-mng mn hoc xu-pp b x)... Trong cc trng hp trn, bn cng c khi ng xe, xng cng xung nhiu hn v ng c khng th n c. Khc phc Khi bn khi ng 5-6 ln khng c, hy ngng ngay vic v thc hin cc bc sau: - Kha xng li, vn ht tay ga ln v tip tc bm start thm vi ln na, thng l my n c ngay. Khi bt u n, ting my s khng u trong khong 5 n 10 giy, sau mi n nh. By gi, bn c th m kho xng vn hnh xe bnh thng. Lm sch bugi bng xng v bn chi. - Nu sau cc bc trn, xe vn khng n, bn hy tho bugi ra, ra sch bng xng v bn chi, thi cho kh. Tip theo, hy tt cng tc in, bt ngn tay vo l lp bugi ri p cn khi ng vi chc ln xng trong bung t thot bt ra ngoi. Cui cng, lp bugi vo v khi ng bnh thng. y ch l gii php tnh th c th i xe c ngay. V lu di, bn nn iu chnh li cc ch trn b ch ha kh. Nu cn, hy kim tra tng th, tm ra nguyn nhn ca tnh trng sc xng sa cha mt cch cn bn. V sinh b ch ho kh Thao tc chnh c gi Ngoi chuyn bugi yu in hoc tc xng th gi l yu t quan trng cho xe d n my v chy m, lng gi cn iu chnh va vo b ch ho kh, v n cng l tc nhn lm cho xe my d hay thiu nhin liu. iu gi vo trong my bnh xng con c hai c chnh, mt nm ngay hng dy ga, thng gi l c gi, dng chnh ga lng ti, tc chnh lng gi vo trc tip va cho xe n m, nh lc khng ti, v mt con c na nm k bn, gi l c xng, nhng thc cht n cng dng chnh gi. Mun cho xng xung bung t nhiu hay t th chnh c ny lm lng gi vo nhiu s ht xng xung v ngc li. Lng xng, gi cn chnh khng ng s kh n. Hoc n ri, ln ga li b tt my hay xe chy l r, khng hot ng nh bnh thng. Gp tnh hung nhiu khi phi ko le gi (air) pha tri ca tay li. Hoc cho xe n

chng 5-7 pht, nng my ln mi c th chy c. l tnh trng thiu xng, chy trong trng hp ny ng c rt nng, cc thit b trong my c gin n, to ma st cao, lm gim tui th ca my. iu gi t bn ngoi B lc gi cng nm trong h thng a gi vo my. Nu b bn, nht l xe hot ng thng xuyn trong mi trng bi bm, cn phi v sinh nh k b lc gi ny. Thng thng t 5 thng n 1 nm, cn ra ming xp lc bi trong hp gi mt ln. Nu l loi bng giy, bn qu, phi thay mi. Khng nn chi bi ri ly kim chm thm l cho thng nh nhiu ni vn thng phc hi. V bi bm b cun vo nhiu d gy h pt tng, bc v lm hao xng, xe chy thng b "hng". gi cho bnh lc gi khng bn, ngi s dng cng cn gi cho xe sch. Ngoi ra, bn t bm nhiu cc phin tn nhit s lm gim kh nng gii nhit cho my khi vn hnh. Sa cha xi lanh v cm pt tng, xc mng Nu xe phi khi ng nhiu ln mi n,p ph ra nhiu khi trng xanh, l do lng xi lanh c th b mn khuyt van pttng b lng hoc xt (lp p). phc hi, trc ht phi tho dn u quy lt, tho con vt 10 ca bnh lng xch cam hng xi lanh, tho vt gi xi lanh vo cc te my, ko xi lanh ra, dng gi sch bt l cc te trnh vt l ri vo. Kim tra xi lanh(nng) : Ra sch, quan st lng xi lanh, nu c vt xc dc t trn xung hoc ni ming v vng im cht xi lanh c g, chng t n b mn, phi lm li ngay. Lm li xi lanh : c th tip tc s dng c xi lanh ny, cn mang n ca hiu xoy nng ln ct (code) v a s cc tim sa xe u khng th lm c m phi a n cc tim chuyn nghip . Xoy xi lanh ln 1 gi l ct 1, ng knh s ln thm 0,25 ly. Lng xi lanh xe Honda c th xoy c 4 ln, mi ln xoy phi thay pt tng, xc-mng mi. Trn nh pt-tng c ghi s 0,25 l ct 1, 0,50 l ct 2, 0,75 l ct 3 v 1,00 l ct 4. Khi a xi lanh n ca hng xoy phi mang theo pttng mi hoc mua lun tim l nng v a s cc tim lm nng hin nay u c bn sn. Sau khi xoy nng xong, kim tra bng cch a ln nh sng quan st, nng phi bng nhn, kht vi pttng. Pttng phi c y qua lng xi lanh khng qu nng v cng khng qu nh

Kim tra pttng, bc Quanh u pt tng c 3 vng xc mng, hai vng hi v mt vng du. Vng hi trn cng l xc mng la, c m kn. Vng th hai mu en xm. Vng xc mng du rng hn vng hi. Cch lm: Tho vng xc mng s 1 ra khi u pt tng vi loi km chuyn dng hay bng tay, phi thao tc kho lo trnh lm gy, tip theo tho cc bc xc mng cn li. Tho pt tng ra khi tay bin v kim tra. Pt tng khng c c vt nt u v cc rnh, ui khng c chy xc. Cc vng xc mng c th ti s dng nu chng khng b mn khuyt, bin dng, st m, lp kn m mt ngoi cn nguyn. Tip , kim tra khe h ming rnh xc mng bng cch t tng vng xc mng vo lng xi lanh, dng pt tng y xc mng xung 10 ly, nu khe h gia 2 u vt qu 0,5 ly l phi thay. Kim tra rnh xc mng bng cch xoay trong rnh ca n. Xc mng khng c cht qu hay lng qu. Nu thay xc mng mi nhng khe h ny vn ln, chng t cc rnh b mn, phi thay mi pt tng. Lu , khi t xc mng phi lt su vo trong rnh ca n, khng c nh ln khi mt rnh. Lp rp v r my Bi du nhn vo trc v l pt tng... t pt tng vo u tay bin ng v tr ch "IN" hoc phn vt ln nh pt tng hng ln trn hoc mi nhn hnh tam gic ch xung di. Khi lp rp cc vng xc mng vo pt tng cn lu cc yu t k thut: mt trn gn ming xc mng c ghi ch "T" (ch s kch thc ln ct). Cc du hiu ny phi hng ln trn, ng thi phi b tr ming h cc vng xc mng cch nhau v trnh 2 bn vng l trc. Tip , lp xc mng du vo trc, ri n vng hi v cui cng l vng la. Sau khi lp np quy lt, vic r my rt quan trng. Cho ng c n cm chng lm my chy trn tru. Thng thng r my 4 ting ng h l , sau cho ti nh trnh b my. Chnh garanti gip bn Xe ca bn cn rt mi v thuc loi tt nhng khng n garanti c, do kim xng trong qu ga cha c t ng. t li v tr kim xng v cn chnh xng gi, bn ch cn mt chic t vt nh. Nguyn l b ch ha kh

Lung khng kh do piston ht qua bu lc gi ti u ng phun xng s ko xng vt ra, to thnh hn hp chy. Cnh le nm sau bu lc gi, h tr khi ng khi tri lnh. Qu ga c ni vi tay ga bng cp, gip ngi li xe iu tit lng hn hp chy i vo bung t. A: Bnh gi mc xng. B: ng dn kh t bu lc gi vo. C: ng dn xng ln l phun. 1. Phao, 2. Gicl, 3. ng xng vo, 4. Le gi, 5. Qu ga cng kim xng, 6. Hn hp nhin liu i vo bung t. iu chnh t l xng - kh - Kim tra lm sch bu lc gi, x l nu cnh le gi b kt v tr ng. - Tho qu ga, rt kim xng ra chnh khoen chn ln pha u nhn ca n thm 1 hoc 2 nc. - Sau khi lp li h thng, chnh li garanti theo cc bc sau: Ni c chnh dy ga cho lng ra khong 1 mm. Vn vt xng (thng nm chm u trong hc thn b ch ha kh, u vn bng t vt bt) vo tn cng ri li ni ra 1-1,5 vng. Khi ng my ri gi n vi pht cho nng ln. Chnh vt gi (nm ngay chn tr lp qu ga ca b ch ha kh) sao cho c th bung ht tay ga m my vn n nh u v m. Vic thm xng hoc gi bng cch chnh 2 vt ni trn c th phi lm vi ln mi t mc garanti chun. 5 S c thng gp khi khi ng xe my Nhng trc trc b thng xuyn xy ra, do vy, xe my thng c thm cn khi ng s dng trong trng hp ny. Nu phn tch chnh xc hin tng th vic sa cha cc h hng ca h thng ny s nhanh chng v tit kim. 1. Khi bm nt start my khng quay Nguyn nhn ca pan ny c th do bnh acquy ht in, r le hng, nt start khng tip xc, t dy hoc tut gic cm trong h thng in. Mt l do quan trng l chi than b mn, chiu di tiu chun ca chi tit ny l 12 mm, nu ch cn di 4 mm l phi thay mi. 2. yu khng ko ni v-lng Li ny do bnh acquy qu yu, a tip in trong r-le b chy r, chi than mn hoc r-to ca my b chp mch. 3. ng c my khng chu ngng khi bung nt start Nguyn nhn l r-le b dnh cng, khng ct c in. Phi tt cha kha, tho ri chi tit sa cha hoc thay mi.

4. Phn khi ng quay tt nhng v-lng khng quay Hin tng ny do khp ly hp mt chiu b trt, c th v li hoc bi b mn, l xo ng y yu khng bung ra c. Phi vam v-lng ra khi trc khuu, tho b ly hp xem xt sa cha hoc thay mi. 5. Khi bm nt start c ting va ln trong my y l trng hp thng gp xe Trung Quc, do cht lng kim loi lm li v bi km, mn khng u, nhiu sai s. Khc phc bng cch gia cng li cc chi tit bng kim loi tt, ng kch thc. c qui cho xe my c qui l mt thit b in cn thit trn mt chic xe. N c kh nng tch tr nng lng in di dng ha nng v phng in cung cp cho cc thit b in s dng in trn xe (ci, xi nhan, n thng, CDI-DC) di dng in nng. Nguyn l hot ng ca c quy l ng dng hiu ng ha hc ca dng in. Trong qu trnh xe hot ng, c quy s tch v phng in lin tc. C hai loi c quy c bn: c quy kiu h - y l loi c th chm thm nc khi dung dch in phn trong c quy b cn); v c quy kh (c quy F: maintenance free) - khng c m np chm thm nc. Trong bi vit ny cp n loi c quy kiu h. Cn hiu r tnh nng v cch bo dng c quy c quy lun hot ng trong tnh trng tt nht, cng nh c th s dng c quy c lu di. 1.Cu to v nguyn l lm vic ca c quy kiu h:

c quy kiu h Hu ht cc c quy s dng trn xe gn my u l loi c quy in cc ch. Cc bn cc ca c quy c dng v li, bn cc dng ca c quy lm bng xt ch (PbO2), cn cc bn cc m lm bng ch (Pb); cc bn cc dng v m c b tr xen k nhau v gia chng c cc vch ngn. Cc vch ngn c dng tm mng, c tnh thm thu cao v khng c dn in. Mt c quy thng c nhiu ngn (hc) ni tip nhau, tu theo in th cn cung cp c quy s c s ngn khc nhau. Mi ngn ca c quy ch c th sinh ra in p 2.1 ~ 2.2V, nh vy nu in p c quy l 6V th c 3 ngn; nu in p khong 12V th phi c 6 ngn . Cc tm bn cc ca c quy

cc vch ngn gia bn cc 2. Qu trnh ha hc din ra trong c quy khi phng v np in : Qu trnh np v phng in ca c quy din ra lin tc khi xe vn hnh. Trong vic np in cho c quy thng qua h thng sc (cc sc) v c quy phng in cung cp cho cc thit b s dng in 1 chiu(DC) trn xe(ci, xinhan, n phanh, n bo s ) 3. S dng c quy mi: Cc bc thc hin khi em mt c qui mi ra s dng: a. c quy mi thng c mt tm nim phong mng trn np bnh v nt y ni l thot hi, ch nn tho ra khi em c quy ra s dng. b. Dng dung dch in phn (dung dch axt Sunfuart H2SO4 long) c t trng 1.28 vo cc ngn ca c quy ti vch UPPER trn v bnh v i khong 10~15 pht dung dch ngm u vo cc tm in cc, nu thy mc dung dch gim xung khng ng u cc ngn th phi b sung thm cho v ng u cc ngn. (Khng nn s dng dung dch c t trng cao qua hoc thp qua s khng tt n tui th ca c quy). c. Np c quy bng my sc bnh vi dng np bng 1/10 dung lng ghi trn v bnh. V d: Bnh 12V- 5Ah th np vi cng 0.5A; bnh 12V-7Ah th np vi cng 0.7A. Thi gian np khong 30 pht.Cng c th s dng phng php np nhanh rt ngn thi gian nhng ch nn np vi cng gp i so vi mc np bnh thng, tuy nhin thi gian np phi gim xung (V d bnh 12V-5Ah np vi dng 1A,thi gian khong 15~20 pht). Lu khng c y np ca cc ngn bnh c quy trong lc np. Cn thn lp ng cc cc ca c quy vo my np, thng thng dy mu ca my np s u vo cc c du cng(+) ca c quy v dy mu en ca my np u vo cc c du tr(-). d. Nhit c quy trong lc np in khng c cao hn 500 C. e. Khng np c quy ni c nhng ngun la phng chy n do c kh H2 thot ra s kt hp vi Oxy trong khng kh gy phn ng chy n. f. Sau khi np xong nu thy mc dung dch gim xung th b sung thm nc ct cho ng u cc ngn (ch ln ti vch UPPER). g. y cc nt bnh, v sinh bn ngoi bnh bng nc, lau kh trc khi lp ln xe. h. Lp c quy ln xe theo th t dy dng trc, m sau. Bi mt lp m ln cc cc bnh sau khi xit cht c vt bo v chng khng b hi axt n mn. Gn ng thot hi cn cn thn khng kp, gp khc.

4. Bo dng c quy : c quy gn ln xe s dng mt thi gian cn phi c bo dng ng cch c th s dng c lu di. Cn phi kim tra nh k khong 2 thng 1 ln gm cc cng vic: kim tra mc dung dch cc ngn v b sung, kim tra v sinh cc cc bnh, sc li cquy bng my sc a. Khng mc dung dch trong cc ngn bnh xung thp di vch LOWER, ch c dng nc ct b sung.Trc khi tho cc np ra cn v sinh sch bn ngoi cquy trnh lt cc cht bn vo trong cc ngn ca bnh . b. Np in li cquy khi thy bnh yu (v d nh khng my c) hoc sau khi b sung nc ct vo bnh. Dng np bng 1/10 dung lng bnh(xem mc c phn 3 trn), tuy nhin thi gian np li ph thuc vo t trng dung dch o c thc t (s dng ng o t trng k c bn trn th trng). Cn tho c quy ra khi xe khi np li bnh, tho dy cc m(-) trc, dng(+) sau. Thi gian cn np li c quy da trn t trng thc t o c ca c quy v c p dng theo cch tnh sau: H s 1,2 ~ 1,5 thm vo bo m c quy c np no so vi thi gian qui nh. V d mt bnh cquy 12V-5Ah c t trng thc t o c 1.20, nh vy: Lng in x l: 5Ah.(1.280-1.200): 0.2 = 1.5A Thi gian cn thit np li l : 1.5x1.2: 0.5 = 3.6 (gi) Ch : Khng y cc np ca cc ngn (hc) c quy khi ang np in. Khi lp c quy ln xe, lp dy cc dng trc, m sau. Bi mt t m ln cc cc bnh bo v. 5. Bo qun c quy : Nu c quy s khng s dng trong mt thi gian di, cn ch mt s im sau: - Trc khi ct gi phi np in no. - Bo qun c quy ni thong mt, kh ro. - Do hin tng t phng in ca c quy, cn np b sung mi thng 1 ln khi lu kho. - Trc khi s dng li, cng cn np b sung li in cho c quy. Bt bnh bugi Bugi l thit b cung cp tia la in t chy ha kh nhin liu khng kh. Nhng du hiu nh mu sc, mn ca n c th cho bit v

tnh trng ng c. Nu bugi c mu vng nu, ng c hot ng tt, cn nu en t, chng t du bi trn lt vo xi-lanh. Trong h thng nh la t v xe my, bugi l thit b cui cng trong s . N c vai tr cung cp tia h quang in t chy hn hp nhin liu khng kh c nn p sut cao. Cu to ca bugi bao gm cc mt (cc un cong) v cc tm c tc dng nh la. Gia cc tm v cc mt l khe nh la c rng 0,9 mm (i vi nh la tip im) v 2,03 mm (nh la in t). Bugi c mu vng nu Bugi c mu vng nu chng t ng c hot ng bnh thng, t l khng kh - nhin liu ng theo tiu chun k thut v cc thnh phn c hc n nh. Nu thay bugi mi, bn nn thay bugi c cng khong nhit (cho bit tc bugi truyn nhit t bung t n cc u xi-lanh, c xc nh bng chiu di lp cch in pha di). ng dn nhit di hn, bugi lm vic nng hn cn khi ngn hn, n s lm vic mt hn. Bugi c mu en v kh Thng thng, khi bugi c mu ny c ngha ch ha kh gp s c nn cung cp hn hp giu (nhiu nhin liu) hoc chy cm chng qu mc. Kt hp vi khi en thot ra t ng p bn c th kt lun xe chy ch giu. Trc khi thay bugi, cn chnh li t l nhin/khng kh cho ph hp. Cc nguyn nhn ph bin gy ra hin tng tha nhin liu c th l lc kh bn (cung cp t khng kh), ch ha kh hng, bm gi kt. Bugi en v t y l du hiu cho bit du lt vo xi-lanh, b t v sinh ra mui bm trn bugi. S r du bi trn vo bung t c th do h van, h scmng hay do thnh xi-lanh b mi mn. Nu xe c thm hin tng c khi xanh, mi kht, c ngha ng c cn phi c sa cng sm cng tt. ng c hai th nu c hin tng trn c th do du dn ng b lt t ccte. Bugi c mu trng Chng t ng c hot ng qu nhit, gy nn do cc nguyn nhn nh bugi khng ph hp (c khong nhit qu ln), ch s Octan qu thp, thi gian nh la khng ti u, h thng lm mt hng, ch ha kh cp qu nhiu khng kh v cui cng c th do trc lt khuu hay cc-te b h (trn cc xe hai th). Bugi b mn cc tm Nguyn nhn do bugi c khong nhit khng ph hp, thi gian nh la qu sm, thiu ha kh nhin liu-khng kh, h thng lm mt hng hoc do thiu du bi trn. Bugi c khong nh la ln

Trng hp ny xy ra khi s dng bugi trong thi gian qu di m khng thay. Khong cch ln c th lm cho ng c hot ng yu do bugi cn in th cao hn nh la. Kim tra, bo dng, bugi theo nh k Bugi l b phn to ra tia la in trong bung t, mi trng lm vic ca n rt khc nghit, tn sut lm vic cao, chi phi rt nhiu n hiu sut ca ng c. Sau mi 4.000 km, cn phi tho bugi ra kim tra nh k, chnh khe h gia chu mt v in cc (+). 1 - in cc chnh. 2, 8, 9 - Keo chn. 3 - Long en. 4, 7 - S cch in. 5 - Khe h chu mt - cc (+). 6 - u tip ngun cao p. 10, 11 - V kim loi. 12 - Chu mt. Kim tra chung thng k Khi xe ca bn chy c mt thi gian (trn 2.000 km), tho bugi ra quan st, ta c th on bit c tnh trng ng c: 1. S cch in (bao quanh cc + gia vnh trn u bugi) c mu gch nung, chu v ni bugi kh sch, chng t ng c hon ton tt. 2. S cch in v chu b bao ph mt lp mui en, kh, ngha l nhin liu khng c t chy ht, do cc nguyn nhn sau: - Vt la r, r. - in th cp yu. - Bugi ang dng sai tiu chun (loi qu ngui). - Ch ho kh chnh sai t l hn hp, b tha xng. - p lc nn trong bung t thp, x pp b x. 3. S cch in, chu mt bn, bm y mui than t, nh vy l du nhn b lt vo bung t, do sc mng v xi lanh mn. Bo dng cn chnh theo nh k Trnh t thao tc nh sau: 1. Dng xe trn chn chng gia, rt np dy cao p khi bugi. 2. Lm sch khu vc quanh chn bugi trn np quy lt. 3. Dng tup bugi tho n ra khi u quy lt. 4. Ngm u chu vo xng, dng que g moi sch mui bn bn trong ni bugi, trnh lm st v s cch in. Ra li vi xng tht sch v thi kh. Chu mn, khe h K rng. K ng = 0,6-0,7 mm.

5. Dng mt vt chun phng dt dy 0,7 mm kim tra khe h gia chu mt vi in cc (+) trung tm. Khe ny rng qu th tia la kh phng qua, mt la tc thp, chng hng bbin sn. Nhng nu n hp qu th tia la li khng ln hn hp bt chy, xe khng bc, tn xng. Chnh li khe h bng cch g vo hoc ny ra m chu mt mt cch nh nhng. 6. Sau khi lm sch, quan st xem s cch in c nt, m khng, in cc c mn qu khng. Nu c mt trong cc du hiu trn th phi thay bugi mi. 7. Bugi vn ang ngoi, cm np tip in vo, k v st ca n ln thn my, p cn khi ng ri quan st tia la, chng phi phng u, mnh, tp trung gia chu v cc (+). Nu la nh, phng lung tung ra xung quanh, chng t bugi yu phi thay mi. 8. Khi lp li bugi vo quy lt, gi vi git du vo gien ri dng tay xoy nh cho n khi vo ht, dng tup sit thm 1/4 vng. 9. Nu in cao p b mt qua dy v chp bugi, xe thng cht my khi i ma hoc sau khi ra. Kim tra k, nu thy li th phi thay mi, thao tc cui cng l lp li ngun in ny v n th my.