MC LC
1MC LC
2M U
3A.NI DUNG
3I. i on kt dn tc l vn chin lc, m bo thnh cng ca cch mng
4II. i on kt ton dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca cch mng
5III. i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dn
6IV. i on kt dn tc phi bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, c t chc l mt trn
dn tc thng nht
10C.KT LUN
11DANH MC TI LIU THAM KHO
M U
i on kt dn tc l truyn thng cc k qu bu ca nhn dn ta trong sut tin
trnh lch s dng nc v gi nc ca dn tc hng ngn nm qua. K tha truyn thng
qu bu , trong h thng t tng ca Ch tch H Ch Minh, t tng i on kt ton
dn tc l t tng c bn, nht qun v xuyn sut trong sut cuc i hot ng cch
mng ca Ngi. Trong quan nim ca Ngi, vai tr ca qun chng nhn dn trong
cch mng gii phng dn tc th hin trc ht ch Ngi xc nh y l lc lng c sc
mnh v ch v l lc lng ch yu, quyt nh s thnh bi ca cuc cch mng gii
phng dn tc. Ngi cn ch r "i on kt tc l trc ht phi on kt i a s nhn
dn, m i a s nhn dn ta l cng nhn, nng dn v cc tng lp nhn dn lao ng
khc. l nn gc ca i on kt". tm hiu thm v vn ny, em xin la chn ti Phn
tch nhng quan im c bn ca t tng H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc.A. NI
DUNGI. i on kt dn tc l vn chin lc, m bo thnh cng ca cch mngVi H Ch
Minh, on kt l mt truyn thng cc k qu bu ca nhn dn ta. Tuy nhin, Ngi
cho rng, nhng cuc u tranh ca nhn dn ta vo cui th k 19, u th k 20
tht bi l do khng c s on kt thnh 1 khi thng nht ca ton dn tc. S bng
pht nh l chnh l nguyn nhn su xa gy ra tht bi. Theo H Ch Minh, mun a
cch mng n thnh cng phi c lc lng cch mng mnh chin thng k th v xy dng
thnh cng x hi mi; mun c lc lng cch mng mnh phi thc hin i on kt, quy
t mi lc lng cch mng thnh mt khi vng chc. Do , t tng i on kt dn tc
ca H Ch Minh tr thnh vn c ngha chin lc. l chin lc tp hp mi lc lng c
th tp hp c, nhm hnh thnh sc mnh to ln ca ton dn tc trong cuc u
tranh chng k th. Trong tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng, c th v cn
thit phi iu chnh chnh sch v phng php tp hp lc lng cho ph hp vi nhng
i tng khc nhau, nhng i on kt dn tc lun lun c Ngi coi l vn sng cn ca
cch mng: Th nht, on kt khng phi l th on chnh tr nht thi m l t tng c
bn, nht qun, xuyn sut tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam. Th hai, on kt quyt
nh thnh cng cch mng. V on kt to nn sc mnh, l then cht ca thnh cng.
Gia on kt v thng li c mi quan h cht ch, quy m cua oan kt quyt inh
quy m, mc ca thnh cng. Cui cng, on kt phi lun c nhn thc l vn sng cn
ca cch mng.H Ch Minh pht biu nhiu lun im v vn on kt dn tc, on kt
quc t: on kt l sc mnh, l then cht ca thnh cng; on kt l im m, im ny
m thc hin tt th ra con chu u tt; on kt on kt i on kt, thnh cng thnh
cng i thnh cng. H Ch Minh lun nhc nh cn b, ng vin phi thm nhun quan
im coi sc mnh ca cch mng l sc mnh ca nhn dn: Khng c sc mnh no bng
sc mnh on kt ton dn. Ton dn on kt, c min xui, min ni on kt, th ta
nht nh thng. II. i on kt ton dn tc l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca cch
mngH Ch Minh cho rng: i on kt dn tc khng ch l mc tiu, nhim v hng u
ca ng m cn l mc tiu, nhim v hng u ca c dn tc. Bi v, i on kt dn tc
chnh l nhim v ca qun chng, do qun chng, v qun chng. ng c s mnh thc
tnh, tp hp, on kt qun chng to thnh sc mnh v ch trong cuc u tranh v
c lp cho dn tc, t do cho nhn dn, hnh phc cho con ngi. Vic yu nc i
vi H Ch Minh phi th hin thnh thng dn, phi lm cho ai cng c cm n o
mc, ai cng c hc hnh, sng t do, hnh phc.Ngi nhn mnh i on kt dn tc l
mc tiu ca cch mng, do t tng i on kt dn tc phi c qun trit trong mi
ng li, ch trng, chnh sch ca ng. i on kt ton dn tc to ra sc mnh cho
cch mng. Bi, Vi H Ch Minh, qun chng nhn dn chng nhng l lc lng c sc
mnh v ch, lc lng ch yu, quyt nh s thnh cng ca cch mng, m cn mang li
sc mnh cho ng. Tuy nhin, i on kt dn tc khng ch l mc tiu, mc ch,
nhim v hng u ca ng m cn l mc tiu, mc ch, nhim v hng u ca c dn tc bi
y l s nghip ca qun chng, do qun chng, v qun chng nh khng inh trn.
Do , ng c vai tr thc tnh, tp hp, on kt qun chng, to thnh sc mnh v
ch trong cuc u tranh v c lp dn tc, t do cho nhn dn, hnh phc cho con
ngi.III. i on kt dn tc l i on kt ton dnKhi nim Dn trong t tng H Ch
Minh c ni hm rt rng, c ngi s dng ch mi ngi dn nc Vit, khng phn bit
dn tc thiu s hay a s, c tn ngng hay khng tn ngng, khng phn bit gi
tr gi trai, giu ngho. Ngi s dng khi nim i on kt dn tc nh hng cho
vic xy dng khi i on kt ton dn trong sut tin trnh cch mng, bao gm mi
giai cp, dn tc, tn gio. Nh vy, Trong t tng H Ch Minh, khi nim Dn c
hiu l ch th ca i on kt dn tc.
Ngi nhiu ln nu r: Ta on kt u tranh cho thng nht v c lp ca T quc,
ta cn phi on kt xy dng nc nh. Ai c ti, c c, c sc, c lng phng s T
quc v phc v nhn dn th ta on kt vi h. Ta y va l ng, va l mi ngi dn
ca T quc Vit Nam.Vi tinh thn on kt rng ri, Ngi dng khi nim i on kt
dn tc nh hng cho vic xy dng khi i on kt ton dn trong sut tin trnh
ca cch mng Vit Nam.
Mun thc hin i on kt ton dn th phi k tha truyn thng yu nc - nhn
ngha - on kt ca dn tc, phi c tm lng khoan dung, lng vi con ngi. T
tng i on kt ca H Ch Minh c lp trng giai cp r rng, l i on kt ton dn
vi nng ct l khi lin minh cng - nng - tr thc do ng ca giai cp cng
nhn lnh o. Mun xy dng khi i on kt ton dn tc rng ln nh vy, th phi xc
nh r u l nn tng ca khi i on kt dn tc v nhng lc lng no to nn ci nn
tng . Ngi ch r: i on kt tc l trc ht phi on kt i a s nhn dn, m i a s
nhn dn ta l cng nhn, nng dn v cc tng lp nhn dn lao ng khc. Lc lng
ch yu trong khi on kt dn tc l cng nng, nn lin minh cng nng l nn tng
ca Mt trn dn tc thng nht. Ngi nu thm: Lin minh cng nng - lao ng tr
c lm nn tng cho khi i on kt ton dn, nn tng c cng c vng chc th khi i
on kt dn tc cng c m rng, khng e ngi bt c th lc no c th lm suy yu
khi i on kt dn tc.IV. i on kt dn tc phi bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, c t
chc l mt trn dn tc thng nhtTheo H Ch Minh, i on kt l to nn lc lng
cch mng, lm cch mng xa b ch c, xy dng ch mi. Do , i on kt dn tc
khng th ch dng li quan nim, t tng, nhng li ku gi, m phi tr thnh mt
chin lc cch mng, tr thnh khu hiu hnh ng ca ton ng, ton dn ta. N phi
bin thnh sc mnh vt cht, thnh lc lng vt cht c t chc v t chc chnh l
Mt trn dn tc thng nht.Dn tc hay qun chng nhn dn khi cha c t chc v
gic ng v li ch, mc tiu, l tng th ch l s ng cha c sc mnh. Ch khi qun
chng c t chc, c gic ng v li ch, mc tiu chin u chung, l tng v c t
chc li thnh mt khi vng chc v hot ng theo mt ng li chnh tr ng n th
mi c th tr thnh sc mnh vt cht to ln. H Ch Minh i tm ng cu nc, xt
trn mt kha cnh no , chnh l i tm sc mnh gii phng dn tc, gii phng nhn
dn lao ng. V sc mnh m Ngi tm c l i on kt dn tc, kt hp sc mnh dn tc
vi sc mnh thi i. T khi tm thy con ng v sc mnh cu nc, H Ch Minh rt
ch n vic a qun chng nhn dn vo nhng t chc yu nc ph hp vi tng giai
cp, tng lp, tng gii, tng ngnh ngh, tng la tui, tng tn gio. l cc gi
lng, trng bn, cc hi i hu, tng tr, cng hi, nng hi, on thanh nin, hi
ph n, i thiu nin nhi ng, hi ph lo, hi Pht gio cu quc, Cng gio yu
nc, cc nghip on, v.v., bao trm nht l Mt trn dn tc thng nht. Mt trn
chnh l ni quy t mi t chc v c nhn yu nc, tp hp mi ngi dn nc Vit,
khng ch trong nc m cn c nhng ngi Vit Nam nh c nc ngoi, d bt c phng
tri no, nu tm lng vn hng v qu hng t nc, v T quc Vit Nam...
Ty theo tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng, H Ch Minh v ng ta xy dng
c Mt trn dn tc thng nht c cng lnh, iu l ph hp vi yu cu, nhim v ca
tng thi k, tng giai on cch mng. Cc t chc Mt trn nc ta u l t chc
chnh tr - x hi rng ri, tp hp ng o cc giai cp, tng lp, dn tc, tn
gio, ng phi, cc t chc v c nhn yu nc trong v ngoi nc, phn u v mc tiu
chung l c lp, thng nht ca T quc v t do, hnh phc ca nhn dn.
Mt trn dn tc thng nht tr thnh mt t chc cch mng to ln, theo H Ch
Minh, n cn c xy dng theo nhng nguyn tc c bn sau:Th nht: Mt trn dn
tc thng nht phi c xy dng trn nn tng lin minh cng nng (v sau Ngi nu
thm l lin minh cng nng v lao ng tr c), di s lnh o ca ng cng sn, t m
rng Mt trn lm cho Mt trn thc s tr thnh mt t chc chnh tr rng ln quy
t c lc lng ca c dn tc, tp hp c lc lng ca ton dn, kt thnh mt khi vng
chc.
Th hai: Mt trn hot ng theo nguyn tc hip thng dn ch, ly vic thng
nht li ch ti cao ca dn tc vi li ch ca cc tng lp nhn dn lm c s cng c
v khng ngng m rng. Khi c nhng li ch ring bit khng ph hp, Mt trn s
gii quyt bng vic nu cao li ch chung ca dn tc, bng s vn ng hip thng
dn ch, to ra nhn thc ngy cng ng n hn cho mi ngi, mi b phn v mi quan
h gia li ch chung v li ch ring, cng nhau bn bc i n nht tr, loi tr
mi s p t hoc dn ch hnh thc. Trong bi ni chuyn ti lp bi dng cn b v
cng tc Mt trn (thng 8-1962), Ngi yu cu: Chng ta phi on kt cht ch cc
tng lp nhn dn... Phi on kt tt cc ng phi, cc on th, cc nhn s trong
Mt trn T quc Vit Nam, thc hin hp tc lu di, gip ln nhau, cng nhau
tin b. Phi on kt cc dn tc anh em, cng nhau xy dng T quc... Phi on
kt cht ch gia ng bo lng v ng bo cc tn gio, cng nhau xy dng i sng ha
thun m no, xy dng T quc.Th ba: Mt trn dn tc thng nht phi on kt lu
di, cht ch; on kt tht s, chn thnh; thn i gip nhau cng tin b. Gia cc
thnh vin ca khi i on kt dn tc, bn cnh nhng im tng ng vn c nhng im
khc nhau cn phi bn bc i n nht tr; bn cnh nhng nhn t tch cc vn c
nhng nhn t tiu cc cn phi khc phc. gii quyt vn ny, mt mt, H Ch Minh
nhn mnh phng chm "cu ng tn d", ly ci chung hn ch ci ring, ci khc
bit; mt khc, Ngi nu r: "on kt phi gn vi u tranh, u tranh tng cng on
kt". Ngi thng xuyn cn dn phi khc phc tnh trng on kt xui chiu, phi
nu cao tinh thn t ph bnh v ph bnh biu dng mt tt, khc phc mt cha tt,
cng c on kt ni b. on kt tht s ngha l mc ch phi nht tr v lp trng cng
phi nht tr. on kt tht s ngha l va on kt, va u tranh, hc nhng ci tt
ca nhau, ph bnh nhng ci sai ca nhau v ph bnh trn lp trng thn i, v
nc, v dn. Trong qu trnh xy dng, cng c v pht trin Mt trn dn tc thng
nht, ng ta lun u tranh chng khuynh hng c c, hp hi, coi nh vic tranh
th tt c nhng lc lng c th tranh th c; ng thi chng khuynh hng on kt
mt chiu, on kt m khng c u tranh ng mc trong ni b Mt trn. T , H Ch
Minh nh hng cho vic hnh thnh ba tng Mt trn Vit Nam l: Mt trn i on
kt dn tc; Mt trn on kt Vit Min Lo v Mt trn nhn dn tin b th gii on
kt vi nhn dn Vit Nam chng quc xm lc. ng Cng sn ng vai tr quan trng
va l thnh vin va l lc lng lnh o trong Mt trn. ng Cng sn Vit Nam
khng c li ch ring m l gn lin vi li ch ton x hi, ton dn tc. ng Cng
sn Vit Nam cm quyn khng phi ch v li ch ca giai cp mnh m v "phi tr
thnh dn tc" mi c th gii phng c dn tc v giai cp. H Ch Minh lun lun
nhn mnh rng: ng Cng sn Vit Nam l mt thnh vin ca Mt trn dn tc thng
nht, ng thi l lc lng lnh o Mt trn. Nhng Ngi cho rng, quyn lnh o Mt
trn khng phi do ng t phong cho mnh, m phi c nhn dn tha nhn. Ngi ni:
ng khng th i hi Mt trn tha nhn quyn lnh o ca mnh, m phi t ra l mt b
phn trung thnh nht, hot ng nht v chn thc nht. Ch trong u tranh v
cng tc hng ngy, khi qun chng rng ri tha nhn chnh sch ng n v nng lc
lnh o ca ng, th ng mi ginh c a v lnh o.C. KT LUNT tng H Ch Minh v i
on kt dn tc ng mt vai tr quan trng trong tin trnh cch mng ca dn tc
ta. Nhng quan im c bn ca t tng H Ch Minh v i on kt dn tc trn y c
hnh thnh, tng bc c hon chnh qua tin trnh cch mng Vit Nam cng nh c
thc tin cch mng kim nghim trong sut chiu di lch s ca t nc. DANH MC
TI LIU THAM KHO
1. Hi ng ch o bin son gio trnh quc gia cc b mn khoa hc Mc-Lnin,
t tng H Ch Minh, Gio trnh t tng H Ch Minh, Nxb. CTQG, H Ni, 2003.2.
B gio dc & o to, Gio trnh t tng H Ch Minh, Nxb. CTQG, H Ni,
2005.
3. Trn Minh Trng (ch bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam: Cuc i,
s nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc Quc gia H Ni, H Ni, 2012.
4. PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh Nhn thc v vn
dng, Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013.
5. PGS. Phng Hu Ph Ch bin, Chin lc i on kt H Ch Minh, Nxb. Chnh
tr Quc gia, H Ni, 2010. 6. Vin H Ch Minh Bin nin tiu s (xut bn ln
th hai), tp 2, Nxb. Chnh tr Quc gia, H Ni, 2006. Trn Minh Trng (ch
bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam: Cuc i, s nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc
Quc gia H Ni, H Ni, 2012. Tr.160,161.
Xem Vin H Ch Minh Bin nin tiu s (xut bn ln th hai), tp 2, Nxb.
CTQG, 2006. Tr.158
Trn Minh Trng (ch bin), H Ch Minh vi Cch mng Vit Nam: Cuc i, s
nghip v o c; Nxb. i hc Quc gia H Ni, H Ni, 2012. Tr.163.
PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh Nhn thc v vn dng,
Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013. Tr.173.
PGS.TS. Nguyn Mnh Tng Ch bin, T tng H Ch Minh Nhn thc v vn dng,
Nxb. T Php, H Ni, 2013. Tr.176.
7
