Hố Thẳm Của Tư Tưởng

8/13/2019 Hố Thẳm Của Tư Tưởng

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Fớ tfẵm eợk tƲ tƲộgcRfẫm Eôgc Tfjểg

(Ēẳt hẫj eąg gcuyîg tƲ tƲộgc fôm gky - Tfễ vâ tígf)

MỬe hỬe

• Mộ ěảu - Ēẳt hẫj eąg gcuyîg tƲ tƲộgc fôm gky• fƲ!gc gf"t - T#j$t vâ Tígf•

fƲ!gc fkj - TƲ%gc vâ Tígf• fƲ!gc &k - 'j vâ Tígf• fƲ!gc tƲ - Tf! vâ Tígf• fƲ!gc gąm - ẫ vâ Tígf• *$t hu+g - Mộ #k , m.gf e/k 2 tf;m

RfỬ hỬe • Ēj vÿgc qukgf Fớ tfẵm

?5 4<ef 1 3f16 v: 2 tf;m t#gc tƲ tƲộgcT#ugc >u1g 0u+g

??5 2 tf;m e/k 8 tfe m=????5 7jễu tƲ%gc v: 2 tf;m t#gc tƲ tƲộgc

9BcB#Kugk?O5 7Egc t2j e/k 2 tf;mO5 2 tf;m e/k efj$g t#kgf Duî fƲ!gc

O?5 2 tf;m e/k efBg hLO??5 Ag#y MjhhA#

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• Fớ tfẵm Ujîu fègf fọe pfë fợy tƲ tƲộgc

Fljdlcclr Mộ ěảu

F5 2 tf;m Jjîu fNgf f@e75 fígf gcfHk e/k , 6f1 f/y

Hờj mộ ěảu vị hảg tj !"g tf# !k

>uyễg Fớ tfẵm eợk tƲ tƲộgc gây ěG ě1gf I"u mRtcjkj ěẫg e/k gcƲ[j vj$t_ mRt cjkj ěẫg 6f/ gf+g t#j.těễ5 Jku , 6f/ gf+g t#j.t ěễ gây hâ Uỻ jm !gc eợk

Fớ tfẵm"

*fôgc tfễ gâ ě@e Fớ tfẵm eợk tƲ tƲộgc mâ Ufôgcě@e #m !gc fớ tfẵm mâ Ufôgc tf"y Fớ tfẵm eợk tƲtƲộgc 5

0ảg t1j &g tf &k gây_ gcƲ[j vj$t ěG t tj.g \1 &Q &âj vj$t v: hu+g 1g tj$g ,H e/k 9cuySg Oąg T#ugc vN &âj "y efV eE tígf e1ef cjkj ěẫg vâ gf"t hâ efV eE

t$gf eëef tƲ%gc trƲgc 5 Jku , tƲ%gc t#Ʋgc hâ TfeTẫj vj$t fk vâ Tfe Tẫj &Zt ef^5

&' eëgf (ky ef$g t)gc tr*j ek+ gc,t" (âg Mẳe TP)

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Tôj mộ ěảu Fớ tfẵm eợk tƲ tƲộgc v=j âg Mẳe TP5Ē1gc h] âg Mẳe TP vj$t Duyễg gây_ vN âg Mẳe TP

hâ gcƲ[j Iuy gf"t ěG ,2gc t#gc 2 tf;m e/k TƲtƲộgc &Wgc efígf f!j tfộ_ m1u_ gƲ=e mZt_ tfBg tfễ vâhjgf fYg5 Tf! e/k âg Mẳe TP hâ TƲ tƲộgc e/k 2tf;mb tfj ek vâ tƲ tƲộgc ě:u &Zt ěảu vâ ef"m It g!j2 tf;mb tfj ek &ky v: 2 tf;m &Wgc e1gf 6fƲ%gcfâgcb TƲ tƲộgc &ky v: 2 tf;m &Wgc e1gf efjmƲgc5 fjm Ʋgc vâ efjm 6fƲ%gc fâgc &ky hƲ%g vgcgfku_ cjk e"u gfku cjok m2gc eảu vYgc &y ,Ze vâUfkj ,jgf #k mRt &Y eBu mâu ěAg efƲk tgc \u"t fj.gt#îg ě[j5

3fẫm ôgc Tfj.g3k#j,_ gcây XXdO?dClaa

Mộ ěảu $%t hẫj e&g gcu'(g tƲ tƲộgc fôm gk'

2 tf;m e/k tƲ tƲộgc hâ yîg tƲ5 TƲ tƲộgc fôm gkyvâ tƲ tƲộgc gcây mkj 6fj hâ tƲ tƲộgc v: 2 tf;m5

g ěƲ[gc ěj ě$g 2 tf;m hâ eg ěƲ[gc e/k Tfễ vâTígfb tígf tfễ e/k tfễ tígf hâ tfễ Igcb tfễ Igc hât#j$t_ tƲ%gc_ 1j_ tf! vâ fẫ_ 6fƲ!gc t#[j e/k tfễ Igchâ 2 tf;m_ vN tƲ tƲộgc 6fj f/y tƲ tƲộgc_ tfễ Igc

6fj 6f1 f/y tfễ Igc ěễ ěj v: tfễ tígf e/k 2 tf;m_



te hâ uyîg mẳe_ eE gcfHk hâ gj:m jm hẳgc e/k 2tf;mb ěE engc hâ eg ěƲ[gc e/k tƲ tƲộgc Oj.t 9kmmâ Tígf m.gf ěG &gc ,1gc t tf[j 0L Duk gfogc

tfj:g ,Ʋ Oj.t 9km ef ě$g 9cuySg 7Vgf *fjîm_ 9cuySg 4u vâ T#ảg k OBgb gf"t hâ ě$g &By cj[_tígf m.gf "y ěG fe ,1gc mRt e1ef &j t#1gc v=j m1uhPk gc`t t#[j e/k Duî fƲ!gc_ mộ 6fƲ!gc t#[j ekm cěj ě$g 2 tf;m_ 2 tf;m e/k t#j:u IƲ!gc fky t<efIƲ!gc mRt eBu fQj ěG ěƲ%e ěẳt #k vâ t"t e eBu t#h[j ěG gWm t#gc gj:m jm hẳgc mîgf mkgc e/k Tígfm.gf5

EfƲ)gc gf*t + T,j-t v. t/gf -rộ .j t$gf tf/ eợk trj2t ; v? tƲ tƲộgc

2;

T#j$t hL hâ cN fígf eBu fQj gây hâ mRt eBu fQj v:mRt eBu fQjb &ộj vN t#j$t hL hâ mRt eBu fQj vâ Ufj gEjT#j$t hL hâ cNi tfN ěG fj.g hîg mRt eBu fQj tf fkj #p#âgc f!g hâ cNi5

0â cNi hâ eBu fQj hâm ,1gc tQ eBu fQj qg tj:m t#gct#j$t hLi5 T#gc t#j$t hLi efk ěgc mRt eBu fQj ěAgt2j5 Bu fQj ěAg t2j hâ eBu fQj gWm t#gc &Egc t2j gfƲmRt gcƲ[j gWm t#gc cjkg 6fgc t2j mâ Ufôgc &+těrg5 Bu fQj ,1gc hâ &Egc ěrg_ gcfHk hâ 1gf ,1gcb 1gf

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,1gc hâm ,1gc tQ gfogc cN gWm t#gc t2j5 fo t#j$thLi t#gc eBu fQj t#j$t hL hâ cNi hâ &Egc ěrg_ hâ 1gf,1gc Ufj gE ěgc vâ fj.g Ij.g t#gc gfogc efo Uf1e_

t#gc t"t e gfogc efo Uf1eb gfƲgc Ufj efo t#j$t hLiěgc efugc v=j efo hâ cNi gfƲ eBu fQj t#j$t hL hâcNi tfN h+6 te efo t#j$t hLi t#ộ tfâgf ěAg t2j vâ efohâ cNi fj.g Ij.g v=j t"t e fuy fâgc ,1gc #e e/k1gf ěj.g5 T#gc eBu fQj t#j$t hL hâ cNi_ efo t#j$t hLihâ eBu fQj ěAg t2jb eg efo hâ cNi hâ eBu fQj ,1gc tQbeBu fQj hâ cNi hâm 5ëgc tQ L gcfHk ěAg t2j e/k Ikgft t#j$t hLi L gcfHk ěAg t2j e/k Ikgf t t#j$t hLi hâeBu fQjb hâm t#j$t hLi hâ hâm eBu fQjb f@e t#j$t hLi(c@j tZt hâ t#j$t f@e) hâ f@e eBu fQj fky f@e ěẳt eBufQjb t#j$t cjki_ t#j$t gfBgi_ gfâ t#j$t f@ei eggcƲ[j t#j$t f@ei hâ gfogc Ikgf t ěễ c@j eg gcƲ[jmâ tfễ tígf e/k f@ hâ ěẳt eBu fQj gEj mRt e1ef Uf1e

hâ t#k v"g vâ e+t v"g5 9cƲ[j hâm t#j$t hL hâ gcƲ[j fQjeugc_ gcƲ[j t#k Uf5 9cƲ[j hâm t#j$t hL hâ eg gcƲ[jefV &j$t fâgf fẫ t#k t"g5 T#k t"g_ ě1gf ě+6_ ě gƲ=evâ mnj_ ěBm Ujm vâ ěảu gcEg tky hâ gfogc fNgftfe t$ gf< e/k mRt eBu fQj5

T#j$t hL \u"t fj.g t hè gâ T hè &Zt ěảu eE gcôg

gco5 g gcƲ[j efV ěƲ%e c@j hâ gcƲ[j Ufj gâ eggcƲ[j &j$t gEjb eg gcƲ[j &j$t gEj hâ eg gcƲ[j &j$tgcfA (eBm tfN 6fj ěj$e_ mẳe I ěj$e Ufôgc &Zt &uRe

6fj eBm)5 9Ej hâ gcfAb gEj hâ fQjb fQj hâ t# h[j5 0èeg gcƲ[j &j$t gEj hâ hè t#j$t hL \u"t fj.gb vN &j$t gEj

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hâ &j$t fQjb fQj hâ t#j$t hL5 Ēgc t#Ʋ=e , v+t_ eggcƲ[j gcuyîg tf/y &Zt ěảu gcẫe gfjîg5 fígf ,gcẫe gfjîg tẫ #k gcôg gco_ tfj ek vâ t#j$t f@eb efígf

, gcẫe gfjîg ,jgf #k tƲ tƲộgc (F#j,ttA ěG L tfeěƲ%e , gcẫe gfjîg hâ eBu fQj5 J gcẫe gfjîg \u"tfj.g egc hè v=j L tfe vâ L tfe eE gcfHk hâ fQj5Qj tfN 6fj fQj v:b vN g$u Ufôgc fQj v: tfN Ufôgc

6fj hâ fQj_ gcfHk hâ Ufôgc 6fj hâ L tfe5 Qj hâ t#j$thLb fQj v: , fQj gây hâ t#j$t f@eb t#j$t f@e hâ fQj v:t#j$t hL_ mâ gEj c@g hâ T#j$t hL hâ cNi5 T#j$t hL hâcNi hâ fQj v: , fQj_ gcfHk hâ e1j 0x z "y hâ cNigEj c@g hâ 0x z hâ cNi5 9fƲ v+y L tfe Duky hRghẫj L tfeb L tfe v: L tfe fGy hâ L tfe t fQj Ltfe5 9Ej Uf1e_ t#j$t hL hâ gcẫe gfjîgb t#j$t f@e hâ gcẫegfjîg v: , gcẫe gfjîg gây5

T#j$t hL hâ fQjb t#j$t f@e hâ fQj v: fQjb t#gc efo trj2t Ufj efj$t t_ tk tf"y eE efo 4f<ub 4f<u hâ mj.gc_mj.gc Igc ěễ gEjb gEj hâ fQj (vâ t# h[j)5 *fôgc &kcj[ t# h[j g$u Ufôgc kj fQj5 fV t# h[j hâ Ufj eE fQjěj t#Ʋ=e5 T#j$t hL hâ fQjb Ufk f@e hâ t# h[j5 *fk f@ehâ cN ĒBy hâ eBu fQj Ufk f@e Ufôgc tfễ t# h[j eBufQj gây_ &ộj vN ěBy hâ eBu fQj v: Ufk f@eb mâ &g

ef"t e/k Ufk f@e hâ efV t# h[jb mâ t# h[j tfN efV t#h[j Ufj gcƲ[j Uf1e fQjb Ufk f@e Ufôgc tfễ fQj Ufkf@e_ vN fQj Ufk f@e hâ 6fg &Rj Ufk f@e_ hâ Ufôgc

6fj Ufk f@e5 3f+g , t#j$t hL hâ fQjb 6f+g , Ufkf@e hâ t# h[j5 9cƲ[j tk tfƲ[gc gEj F1j t3e ? tr6 *j5

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Bu "y eE gcfHk hâ t#j$t hL &k t#m e Ufk f@e5T#j$t hL hâ &Egc t2jb Ufk f@e hâ mRt gc@g ěrg eảyy$u =tb &Egc t2j vBy 6f/ gc@g ěrg_ gfƲgc &Egc ěrg

hA h^t &Zt ěảu efj$u #@j 1gf ,1gc y$u =t hîg Ufôgccjkg5 'gf ,1gc t# h[j &Egc t2j5 7Egc t2j Uîu c@j 1gf,1gcb &Egc t2j fQj_ 1gf ,1gc hj:g t# h[j5 'gf ,1gc efVhâ 1gf ,1gc hâ gf* vâ &Egc t2jb gcƲ%e hẫj_ &Egc t2jUfôgc tfễ gf* vâ 1gf ,1gcb vN g$u &Egc t2j hâ gf[vâ 1gf ,1gc tfN 1gf ,1gc ,] 6f1 f/y &Egc t2j vâ

&Egc t2j ,] Ufôgc eg c@j hâ &Egc t2j gok5 7Egc t2j hâ &Egc t2j_ gfƲgc 1gf ,1gc efV hâ 1gf ,1gc hâ gf* &Egct2jb mẳt t#[j efV hâ mẳt t#[j hâ gf* gWm t#gc Ufôgccjkg ěAg t2j vô t+g5

T#j$t hL hâ fQj5

T#j$t f@e hâ fQj v: fQj5

*fk f@e hâ t# h[j eBu fQj e/k t#j$t hL_ gfƲgc Ufôgctfễ t# h[j v: eBu fQj v: eBu fQjb vN g$u t# h[j v: eBufQj v: eBu fQj_ tfN ,] &< t#j$t hL fQj v: eBu t# h[j e/kUfk f@e v: eBu fQj v: eBu fQjb hè &"y cj[ Ufk f@ehẫj t# h[j gokb gfƲgc eBu t# h[j gây hẫj &< fQj gok5

gfƲ tf$ mâ ěj mGj_ t fQj ě$g t# h[j_ t t# h[j ě$gfQj_ ef ě$g vô t+g_ vô egc Ufôgc &k cj[ It ěƲ%e_16 Igc jg{jgjtum5

9fƲ tf$ e t#j$t hL vâ Ufk f@e ě:u #!j vâ gcp et_

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gcp &í_ Ufôgc h2j tf1t5

9fƲgc t#j$t hL v}g ek f!g Ufk f@e hâ eE tfễ ěẳt hîg

mRt eBu fQj v: efígf gcp et gây_ v: ef~ ,!g egctf/y t+g gâyb t#j$t hL ěẳt eBu fQj v: 2 tf;m vô egcgây5 0è &"y cj[ Ufk f@e Ufôgc tfễ t# h[j ěƲ%e gokvâ ěâgf ef<u tf"t &ẫj ěảu fâgcb ěkgc hè ěE_ t#j$t hLěẳt hîg eBu fQj_ ef[ mGj mâ Ufôgc tf"y Ufk f@e t#h[j ěƲ%eb ěku ě=g tuy.t v@gc Du1 ě$g g~j ef<u Ufôgcgj_ t#j$t hL hj:g jm hẳgc vâ gfy \u2gc 2 tf;m_ hè

&"y cj[ efígf hâ hè cjj tf1t5 *fj cjj tf1t #Yj eEeg t# h[j fky Ufôgc_ tfN eg gcƲ[j Ufôgc ěƲ%e &j$t_vN efV Ufj gâ ěG cjj tf1t #Yj tfN m=j &j$t ěƲ%e5

9fƲgc cjj tf1t tfN jm hẳgcb t"t e gfogc eg gcƲ[jcjj tf1t ě:u hâ gfogc eg gcƲ[j jm hẳgc5 ON tf$ eBu

fQj t2j f+u e/k t#j$t hL Ufôgc eg ěƲ%e t# h[jb tf$ef gîg t#j$t hL m=j Duky hẫj fQj efígf , fj.g Ij.ge/k mNgfb t#j$t hL Duky hẫj fQj t#j$t hL_ fQj v: efígfeBu fQj e/k mNgf_ Ufj ěE tfN t#j$t f@e \u"t fj.gb vNt#j$t f@e hâ fQj v: t#j$t hL5 T#j$t hL hâ cNi hâ mRt eBufQj e/k t#j$t f@e5 9fƲgc Ufj fQj T#j$t f@e hâ cNibeBu gây eE gcfHk hâ eBu fQj trj2t ; ? cè hâ cN v+y

9fƲ tf$_ t#j$t f@e eE gcfHk hâ , gcẫe gfjîg e/k efígft#j$t hLb eg &By cj[ , gcẫe gfjîg e/k efígf t#j$t f@etfN c@j tîg hâ cN E tfễ c@j hâ tôg cj15

T#j$t hL hâ , gcẫe gfjîgb

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T#j$t f@e hâ gcẫe gfjîg v: , gcẫe gfjîg t#îgb

Tôg cj1 hâ gcẫe gfjîg v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t f@ev: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL5

9fƲ t#îg ef`gc tk tf"y me tfkgc cj1 t#< ěj t IƲ=jhîg t#îg_ tf"6 gf"t hâ t#j$t hL_ &+e tfkgc tf fkj hâ t#j$tf@e vâ &+e tfkgc tf &k hâ tôg cj1b I ěE tẫm U$thu+g hâ tôg cj1 ek f!g t#j$t f@e vâ t#j$t f@e ek f!gt#j$t hL5

9fƲgc , tfe Ufôgc 6fj IS Iâgc gfƲ ěG t#Ngf &ây57ộj vN t#j$t hL hâ , gcẫe gfjîgb vN tf$ t#j$t hL hẫj eEtfễ gcẫe gfjîg v: , eE mẳt e/k tôg cj1 gcfHk hâ t#j$thL eE tfễ ěẳt eBu fQj_ vâ eBu fQj e/k t#j$t hL v: tôg

cj1 efígf hâ , gcẫe gfjîg e/k tƲ!gc hkj v: , gcẫegfjîg tôg cj1 v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t f@e v: ,gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL5 4 ěE_ t me tfkgc tf"6gf"t hâ &+e tfkgc tf gf"t_ t#j$t hL hẫj hA hîg &+etfkgc tf tƲ_ gcfHk hâ &+e tfkgc ek f!g &+e tfkgctf &k hâ tôg cj15 T#gc cjkj ěẫg gây_ mẳe I t#j$thL ộ g!j &+e tfkgc ek gf"t hâ &+e tfkgc tf tƲ_

gfƲgc efƲk f;g hâ m@j , ěG tfkgf t1g \gc_ vN t#j$tf@e hẫj &Ʋ=e hîg &+e tfkgc tf gąm vâ gcẫe gfjîg v:t#j$t hL_ gfƲ tf$ gEj ef #p gcfHk hâ ộ &+e tfkgc tfgąm gây t#j$t f@e hâ , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL v: ,gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t f@e v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL5

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Ē$g ěBy_ tôg cj1 hẫj vRj hA hîg &+e ,1u vâ gcẫegfjîg v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t f@e &+e gąmb I ěE

eE tfễ ě<gf gcfHk Iâj Igc tôg cj1 hâ , gcẫe gfjîgv: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t f@e v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/kt#j$t hL v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k tôg cj1 v: , gcẫegfjîg e/k t#j$t f@e v: , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL5

9fƲ tf$_ ef`gc tk tf"y , gcẫe gfjîg ěj t tôg cj1ě$g t#j$t f@e #Yj ě$g t#j$t hL #Yj t t#j$t hL hẫj gcƲ%e hẫjtôg cj1 ě$g t#j$t f@e #Yj hẫj ě$g t#j$t hL_ vBg vBg5

9Ej tfA t1g f@e tfNC5 T#j$t hL hâ , gcẫe gfjîgX5 T#j$t f@e hâ , gcẫe gfjîg X5 Tôg cj1 hâ , gcẫe gfjîg

ĒE hâ cjkj ěẫg &j.g efgc tf gftb ě$g cjkj ěẫg &j.g efgc tf fkj

C5 T#j$t hL hâ , gcẫe gfjîg sX5 T#j$t f@e hâ , gcẫe gfjîg w5 Tôg cj1 hâ , gcẫe gfjîg a

₨Yj ě$g cjkj ěẫg &j.g efgc tf &kC5 T#j$t hL hâ , gcẫe gfjîg |X5 T#j$t f@e hâ , gcẫe gfjîg •5 Tôg cj1 hâ , gcẫe gfjîg l

C



9$u c@j tZt cjkj ěẫg &j.g efgc 6f16 hâ F_ 7_ vâc@j tZt t#j$t hL hâ T 0b t#j$t f@e hâ T b tôg cj1 hâ T vâ , gcẫe gfjîg hâ 9 9 tfN tk eE gfogc 6fƲ!gc t#Ngf

gfƲ ,ku

C5 jkj ěẫg &j.g efgc FT0k „ 99 Tk „ 99X Tk „ 99

X5 jkj ěẫg &j.g efgc 7T0& „ 99s T& „ 99w T& „ 99a

5 jkj ěẫg &j.g efgc T0e „ 99| Te „ 99• Te „ 99l

T#j$t hL hâ fQj5T#j$t f@e hâ fQj v: fQj5

Tôg cj1 hâ fQj v: fQj v: fQj5

*fôgc fQj te hâ jm hẳgcb jm hẳgc eE gcfHk hâ tjîuf/y t#j$t hL_ t#j$t f@e_ tôg cj1 vâ gfy tugc \u2gc 2tf;m ěễ cjj tf1t5

fV Ufj eg gcƲ[j Ufôgc eg gEj gok_ Ufôgc eg fQj

gok vâ engc Ufôgc eg t# h[j gok tfN eg gcƲ[j m=jcjj 6fEgc ěƲ%e cj=j fẫg e/k tfễ 6f+g hâm gcƲ[j ěễ,jîu f1 &g tfễ5

Qj eE gcfHk hâ ,jîu f1 tf` tígf t#gc eg gcƲ[j

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gfƲgc t fQj ě$g jm hẳgc tfN efígf , jm hẳgc "y ,jîuf1 gfBg tígf5 g gcƲ[j ěj t mkg #% ěễ ě$g gfBg

&g_ gfƲgc t gfBg &g eg gcƲ[j &Ʋ=e ě$g ,jîu

gfBg &g5 Jjîu gfBg &g hâ jm hẳgc5 9fƲgc ,jîu gfBg &g t fQj efígf &g v< e/k ,jîu gfBg tfN hè &"y cj[,jîu gfBg &g ěG t ,jîu f1 ěễ ě$g tfảg &g vâ etf$ mGj_ fQj #Yj jm hẳgc_ jm hẳgc #Yj fQj_ ěễ #Yj ěj ě$g, jm hẳgc tuy.t ě2j5 J jm hẳgc tuy.t ě2j "y hâ Ēẫt#gc Tfj:g tôgc vâ 0G T#kgc5

9fogc Igc t#îg engc ěYgc tf[j hâm ,1gc tQ L gcfHkěAg t2j e/k eBu gây t#gc Duyễg :5+ 5prkef

>krktfu5trk e/k 9jAtƟ,efA g gcƲ[j hâ e1j cN 6fjěƲ%e vƲ%t hîgi5

*fj ‗jttcAg,tAjg gEj #Wgc 3fj jm hẳgc gfogc cN

gcƲ[j tk Ufôgc tfễ gEj ěƲ%ei (‗vg mkg gjeft,6#AefAg Ukgg_ Ik#…&A# mu,, mkg ,ef†AjcAg) (e{50uI†jc ‗jttcAg,tAjg_ 0+cj5ef8pfj+5+pfj5efl

:(fkgdugc _ ClXC)5

*fj gEj tf$ tfN ‗jttcAg,tAjg ěG f/y Ij.t gRj Iugc vâ &g ef"t e/k t#j$t hL vâ t#j$t f@e vâ tôg cj1 gfƲ tf$

eg gcƲ[j Ufôgc eg gcẫe gfjîg gok_ mâ 6fj jmhẳgc vâ efígf , jm hẳgc gây I@g ěƲ[gc ěƲk ě$g ,tfễ gf+6 &îg t#gc , gcẫe gfjîg hè &"y cj[ eggcƲ[j Ufôgc eg ěgc t#Ʋ=e , gcẫe gfjîg gfƲ hâěgc t#Ʋ=e mRt ě2j v+t (fjễu tfA gcfHk AcAg,tkgI)b

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hè &"y cj[ eg gcƲ[j vâ , gcẫe gfjîg Ufôgc egUf1e gfku_ eg gcƲ[j t#ộ v: , gcẫe gfjîg_ eg gcƲ[jhâ gcẫe gfjîg5 J gcẫe gfjîg t#ộ hẫj gcuyîg tfễ vâ

Ufôgc eg c@j hâ gcẫe gfjîg gok mâ hâ Ēẫ_ te hâ 9cuyîg gcuyîg (#,6#ugc) mâ , gcẫe gfjîg ěGtf1t #k ěễ \u"t fj.g t#îg ě[j5 fo dk t#gc =k5ljg e/k AjIAccA# efígf hâ , gcẫe gfjîg_ gcẫe gfjîg vNtf"y mNgf ộ ěE (7A{jgIhjefUAjt)5

g gcƲ[j ef%t tf"y mNgf hâ 4k,Ajg vâ , v+t efugcDukgf hâ ‡ufkgIAg,Ajg fky O#fkgIAg,Ajg5 *fôgceE , gcẫe gfjîg ,] Ufôgc eE , f2t fgc DuWg Duẫj\k \uy$g (Fgc,t) vâ Ufôgc eE Fgc,t tfN ,] UfôgctNm ěƲ%e I"u v$t ěễ hảg m Du[ Duẫgc t#ộ v: Uljg_tẫm I<ef #k efo Oj.t hâ Tígf (gcfHk e/k efo Tígf gâygWm t#gc efBg t#[j tƲ tƲộgc T#ugc k)5

*fj fQj tfN 6fj t# h[j5

Mâ Ufj t# h[j tfN efV t# h[j &Wgc s 6fẫm t#C5 T# h[jX5*fôgc t# h[j5 Ok t# h[j vk Ufôgc t# h[j

s5 *fôgc t# h[j mâ engc Ufôgc Ufôgc t# h[j5 9Rj Iugc e/k m~j eBu t# h[j ě:u gWm t#gc gfogc 6fẫm t# gây

C5 fj$u Uˁ

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X5 \1e tíg5 I \^ts5 Uîu c@j

w5 vkg \jga5cjj t#í

m~j mRt eBu fQj ě:u efk ěgc mRt ‗Ahtkg,efkuugc(tf$ cj=j Dukg) mâ gcƲ[j fQj tfƲ[gc Ufj Ufôgc Ltfe ěƲ%e L tfe f. e/k efígf mNgf5

′m gfẫe Ufôgc 6fj hâ fQj vâ t# h[j mâ hâ g7j gcôggco gcuyîg tf/y (#,6#kefA)5 T"t e gcf. tfu+t ek,jîu ě:u gEj gcôg gco &kg ěảu5

g gcƲ[j fky ěẳt eBu fQj hâ eg gcƲ[j mu2g efẫyt#2g cj=j fẫg tígf egf (gfogc #AgƟ,jtuktjgAg_ gfƲhâ , ef$t_ , ěku Uf_ , efj$g ě"u_ v5v5)5 9fƲgcUfôgc fQj tfN Ufôgc eg hâ gcƲ*j5 AjIAccA# gEj0ŢA,,AgeA Iu 4k,Ajg #^,jIA ,g A\j,tAgeAi ( =k59l5lg dl5 =k5ljg5 jlct jg 5ljglr BKj5tlgO)5 3fj gEjgfƲ vảy m=j t2j f!g vâ t#ugc tígf f!g 4k, ‗A,AgIA, 4k,Ajg, hjAct jg ,AjgA# ›#kcAi5

7g ef"t e/k fj.g fou hâ fQj_ vN tf$ fQj te hâ ,jîuf15• Eul5tjgglrD eLl5t trkg5elgdlr • Uljgtlrr+clrD eLl5t 5l 5urm+gtlrD 5l dApk55lrD 5l

trkg5elgdlr"

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C" k5plr5J N@fj+5+pflrD eLl5t trkg5elgdlrHMeG" Ileflg5efkGt ugd :u5(je4D RugjefD [_[T"

M~j mRt eBu fQj ě:u hâ , tj:m qg_ efA cj"u_ cjo Uíg_fâm L_ fâm ,è (jm6hjektjg) mâ eg gcƲ[j &< fQj 6fj mộ 6fƲ!gc t#[j &Wgc e1ef cjj tfíef(A\6hjektjg) ěAm #k gcâj (ş) ef ěƲ%e #p #âgc5

Uljg e/k AjIAccA# qg g1u t#gc mRt eBu fQj tfôgctfƲ[gc fWgc gcây e/k m@j gcƲ[jb gfƲgc g$u eg

gcƲ[j &j$t 6fEgc #k gcâj ěj t=j ěWgc t#Ʋ=e mNgf tfAgcfHk ş t#gc efo ş\j,tAgƟ e/k AjIAccA# tfN eEtfễ ěƲk Uljg #k gcâj , tj:m qg mộ mâg_ FhAtfAjg_ěễ ef Jş?9 hRt t#uYgc #k5

9fogc eBu fQj tfôgc tfƲ[gc fWgc gcây ěG ěj \k vâDuîg hGgc Uljg &ộj vN eg gcƲ[j &< #âgc &uRe t#gcgcf: gcfj.6_ &+g tBm h hZgc (7A,#cA) ef euRe,2gc5

7?ŽT ' ? tfN Uljg m=j \u"t fj.g ěƲ%e t#gceBu t# h[j5 9 9‖‚? ?‘9 9F” ‖F 7?ŽT' ?5 ĒE hâ tfm U<ef h=g hk e/k gfBg hẫj5

3fj ěễ L t#j.t ěễ ě$g efo O (I<ef #k efo Fgf hâk(+ut )b efo O hâ t#ugc tBm ějễm_ hâ tjgf t`y_ &gef"t_ tfễ ef"t e/k t#j$t hL5 Cf\gc e7 efQ O tfè 5S4f\gc e7 trj2t ; v? trj2t fọe5

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jễu ěƲ%e L gcfHk tj:m qg e/k efo O hâ gZm &j$těƲ%e e! e"u_ ěRgc e! ,jgf fẫt e/k t#j$t hL vâ t#j$t

f@e5

7jễu tƲ%gc_ fNgf tƲ%gc hâ O5

7jễu tƲ%gc_ fNgf tƲ%gc \u"t fj.g hè efo O \u"tfj.gb &jîg cj=j ěễ 6fBg &j.t eg gcƲ[j vâ tf` v+t hâ

&jîg cj=j ěƲ%e cẫef &Wgc efo O5 V+g gcƲ*j f1j ?e+g gcƲ*j g7j vZ 5 Tf` v+t Ufôgc &j$t fQj hâ vN tf` v+tefV &j$t Uîu_ ef Ufôgc &j$t Uîu v: fky gEj v:5

F1j eE gcfHk ? g7j vZ 5

9cƲ[j tk efV f1j &Wgc &jễu tƲ%gc5

J gcẫe gfjîg t t#îg t#[j ěj \u2gc t#ảg ěễ gf+6 tfễ(jgek#gktjg) mâ hâm &jễu tƲ%gc (,ym&hA)_ tf$ hâ eBufQj \u"t fj.g (^gc vâ vPj &jễu tƲ%gc5

Bu fQj efígf hâ (j/u tƲ%gc _ &jễu tƲ%gc ef , gcẫegfjîg5

9cẫe gfjîg v: gcẫe gfjîg hâ &jễu tƲ%gc v: &jễutƲ%gc_ ef;gc fẫg ” &jễu tƲ%gc ef &jễu tƲ%gc 5

T#j$t f@e v: gcẫe gfjîg O , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL

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O , gcẫe gfjîg e/k tôg cj1 O , gcẫe gfjîg e/kt#j$t f@e O , gcẫe gfjîg e/k t#j$t hL5

9Ej tfA Du1 t#Ngf &jễu tƲ%gc tfN t#j$t f@e hâ &jễutƲ%gc w v: &jễu tƲ%gc s v: &jễu tƲ%gc v: &jễutƲ%gc X v: &jễu tƲ%gc C5

T1e Igc ěẳe &j.t e/k &jễu tƲ%gc hâ eE tfễ (j/utƲ%gc ef+ (j/u tƲ%gc vâ engc eE tfễ (j/u tƲ%gc ef+(j/u tƲ%gc ef+ (j/u tƲ%gc vâ e tf$ ěj mGj ef ě$gvô fẫg5

T1g f@e hâ &jễu tƲ%gc5 O+y t1g f@e eE tfễ tf1t #kgcâj tfễ Igc e/k &jễu tƲ%gc Ufôgc 9ft ě<gfUfôgc5 T1g f@e ek gf"t vâ t#j$t hL ek gf"t ,] cẳ6gfku t#gc egc mRt tfễ egf cj=j fẫg mRt gfâ t1g

f@e cjj tf1t hâ mRt gfâ tfảg &í_ mRt v< tf1gf fkymRt &+e cj1e gcR5

?;

E tfễ L gj.m v: vô fẫg T1e Igc e/k O ěG hâ &jễu

tƲ%gc5 8 gj.m gWm t#gc Du1 t#Ngf fou fẫg fou fẫgIgc hâm &jễu tƲ%gc ef vô fẫg tfN hẫj efV hâ vô fẫge/k fou fẫg_ vô fẫg e/k fou fẫg efV hâ vô fẫg t#gctƲ!gc ě2j fky fou fẫg t 6fEgc ěẫj5

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Oô fẫg e/k t1g f@e hâ fou fẫg t 6fEgc ěẫj5 7jễutƲ%gc v: &jễu tƲ%gc v: &jễu tƲ%gc_ e gfƲ tf$ efě$g vô fẫg5

Oô fẫg ộ eBu t#îg hâ vô fẫg e/k t1g f@e_ te hâ mRttf tj$g t#Ngf Ufôgc tfễ ě$m ěƲ%e mâ efo Jkg,U#jtc@j hâ k ,kmUfykm (vô fẫg ộ ěBy hâ vô ,2)_ ,kmUfykm ,2 k-,kmUfykm vô ,2)_ gEj mRt e1efUf1e vô fẫg hâ hƲ%gc (efo 3fẫg c@j hâ k-6k#jmjtkm)(e{5 ₨Av5 5 5 Mk,ek#Agfk,_ Ut -f+mk5 :qujgk5 kgdtfl Rldjklvk 5efk5tje5D { 3f5 ş5 kgI ‗5_ vh5 CC_t#5 Cw|)b efo 3fẫg vô fẫgi (kgkgtkm) fâg tâgUf1e f;g vô fẫg t#gc gcfHk vô ,2i (k,kmUfykm) vâvô hƲ%gci (k-6k#jmjtkm)b vô fẫgi e/k Jt5 Tfmk,IŢFDujg cảg cảg ě$g kgkgtkmi e/k t#j$t f@e ―g ĒRb(l" c" -kjttjrjyk Xpkgj5kd5D X-C)5 Tfmk, IŢFDujg ěG

ef tk tf"y #Wgc vô fẫg tƲ!gc ě2j_ jg{jgjtum,AeugIum DujI (e{5Uummk -fl++cjek_ C_ D5 |_ k5 X_ e)5

5;

J gcẫe gfjîg hâ , efuyễg ěRgc (mvAmAgt)5 TfAě<gf gcfHk gây ef`gc tk eE tfễ ě<gf gcfHk t#j$t f@e ộ

&+e tfkgc tf gąm hâ

T#j$t f@e hâ , efuyễg ěRgc v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/k

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t#j$t hL v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/k tôg cj1 v: , efuyễgěRgc e/k t#j$t f@e v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t hL5

Oâ tôg cj1 ộ e"6 &+e ,1u tfN

Tôg cj1 hâ , efuyễg ěRgc v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/kt#j$t f@e v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t hL v: , efuyễgěRgc e/k tôg cj1 v: , efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t f@e v:, efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t hL5

TfA tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg Ufôgc eE cN eE tfễ ěƲktj:m tfễ (6tAgtjkhjt^) ě$g fj.g tfễ (ketukhjt^) g$uUfôgc eE mRt tfe tfễ mâ efígf gE ěkgc ộ t#gc fj.gtfễi5

Oâ t#Ʋ=e eBu gEj t#îg_ tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg ěG ě<gf

gcfHk , efuyễg ěRgc (mtjg) efV hâ ěAm mRt , v+tt tj:m tfễ ě$g fj.g tfễ (e{5 Uummk -fl++cjek C_ D_X_ k_ _ e)5

9fƲ tf$ tfA ě<gf gcfHk tôg cj1 ộ e"6 &+e a tfN

Tôg cj1 ěƲ%e fj.g Ij.g I ,e efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t

hL cBy #k I ,e efuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t f@e_ vâ ,eefuyễg ěRgc e/k t#j$t f@e gây hẫj 6f1t ,jgf t tôgcj1_ vâ tôg cj1 t t#j$t hL t t#j$t f@e_ v5v5

T 6tAgtjk ě$g ketu, #Yj &~gc gfjîg gcgc hẫj Fetu,

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3u#u,_ 6fj efągc tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg ěG eƲ—gc &e vâ tjîu Ij.t 3tAgtjk 3u#u, *fôgc eE 3tAgtjk3u#u, tfN hâm cN eE Fetu, 3u#u,_ gfƲgc ộ ěBu hẫj eE

3tAgtjk 3u#u, 0ẫj I Fetu, 3u#u, ,k 9fƲ tf$ef`gc tk hẫj tj$6 te tj$g t#Ngf vô fẫg e/k , gcẫegfjîg t#gc t#j$t f@e_ t#j$t hL vâ tôg cj1b mẳe I_ ,gcẫe gfjîg "y #"t ,! ě;gc mâ &"t e mRt ěk eg gítgâ engc eE tfễ fQj vâ gfogc t#j$t cjk ek ,jîu gf"tengc Ufôgc tfễ t# h[j ěƲ%e5

T#gc t#j$t f@e ―g ĒR ef`gc tk engc tf"y t 6#kU#tjě$g 6u#u,k #Yj hẫj gcgc hẫj g!j htkmk 3u#u,k (te hâ

#5vkrk)_ m~j mRt eg gcƲ[j ,jgf fẫt hâ I , &j$gtfễ t 6tAgtjk ě$g ketu, vâ ,e ,jgf fẫt fky , &j$gtfễ gây ěƲ%e fâm IƲ—gc t#gc Fetu, 3u#u, (tfAtf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg)

4 ěE_ tfA ě<gf gcfHk v: , efuyễg ěRgc t#gcJummk TfAhcjek C_ D5 X_ k5 _ e &è v]y eëj cèWƲ%e efuy/g WYgc tfè pf6j WƲ%e efuy/g WYgc d+ mYteëj 4fëe gQki_ vâ e1j Uf1e gây ěƲ%e efuyễg ěRgcef e1j Uf1e gok_ v5v5 ef ě$g vô fẫg5 9fƲgc tf1gfTfmk, IŢFDujg gEj #Wgc gfƲ tf$ tfN Ufôgc ěƲ%e

@f6j ebg Wj W2g efuy/g WYgc Wbu tjîgD 4f\gc d+ 53eefuy/g WYgc g?+ 4fëe tfe W<y v? mọj gcƲ*j WZufj/u W7 ? -fƲ%gc W2 i (Jummk TfAhcjek C_ D5 X_ k5_ e)5

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9fƲ tf$ v\ f.g e/k tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg efígf hâvô fẫg e/k fou fẫg vâ ,e efuyễg ěRgc hjîg te "y

6fj gcgc hẫj g!j ,u2j gcuYg 6f1t #k ,e efuyễg

ěRgc mâ g$u Ufôgc eE ,u2j gcuYg gây tfN t"t e ,eefuyễg ěRgc hjîg te ě:u gcgc hẫj5

9fƲ tf$ v\ f.g e/k tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg eE cNUf1e v\ f.g e/k F#j,ttA Oâ hẫj eg tf"6 f!g v\ f.ge/k t1g f@e (gcfHk hâ vô ,2 vâ vô hƲ%gc k-,kmUfykvâ k-6k#jmjtkm e/k 3fẫg gcoi5 ĒE hâ hL I eZt gcfHktẫj ,k t#Ʋ=e Ufj cjG t epj ě[j_ tf1gf Tfmk,IŢFDujg ěG 6f/ gf+g t#@g , gcfj.6 tfảg f@e e/kmNgf5

4;

T#gc 0Lîtrl l oAkgt _ ef`gc tk tfƲ[gc tf"y Jk#t#AgEj 0Lîtrl l5t el quLj gLl5t pk5 lt j gLl5t pk5 elquLj l5t i5

9Ej gfƲ tf$ tfN Jk#t#A hẫj engc efƲk vƲ%t UfQj tf1gfTfmk, IŢFDujgb ,ku ěBy tk fGy ěAm gfogc &jễu

tƲ%gc (,ym&hA,) e/k ˘5 35 Jk#t#A ěj tfâgf gfogc &jễu tƲ%gc e/k tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg

l5t el quLj gLl5t pk5 ketu5 p+tlgtjk gLl5t pk5 el quLj l5t p+tlgtjk ketu5

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*fj Igc &jễu tƲ%gc t#îg 6fj gf= #Wgc ,e efuyễgěRgc ěƲ%e hjîg te hâ gf[ ketu, vâ 6tAgtjk eE hjîg

Dukg Iígf hj:g gfku ℯ tƲ%gc t#Ʋgc &Wgc I"u ū5

Jk#t#A gEj #Wgc Ufôgc eE TfƲ%gc ě$ gfƲgc Jk#t#A tf$hẫj &Wgc oAkgt gfƲgc I Jk#t#A ěG e2 tNgf 6f/ gf+g_gfƲgc oAkgt ěG mkgc ě/ ěẳe tígf e/k mRt TfƲ%gcě$ t#gc Tfảg f@e e/k tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg5 9fƲtf$ Jk#t#A ěG tf"t &ẫj t#gc vj.e 6f/ gf+g TfƲ%gc ě$e/k tfảg f@e_ vN efV 6f/ gf+g mRt Ikgf t ěễ c@j mRtIkgf t Uf1e_ tfky vN c@j hâ eg & ef`gc tk c@j hâeg t#Bub gfƲgc I c@j hâ tru fky (ÿ tfN eg v+t ěEv}g fj.g Ij.g5

T#gc tj$g t#Ngf 6tAgtjk ū ketu, ū 6tAgtjk ū ketu, ū

6tAgtjk ū ketu, ū 6tAgtjk v5v5_ ě1gc h] &âj t1g eRgcgây ěj ě$g vô fẫg_ tfky vN tf$ tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujggcgc hẫj Ufôgc eRgc gok mâ hẫj t# 6tAgtjk #k UfQjtj$g t#Ngf hny tj$g e/k &âj t1g eRgc 6tAgtjk ū ketu, ū

6tAgtjk ū ketu, v5v5

Jộ IH ketu, mâ tfâgf fNgf ěƲ%e hâ gf[ eE 6tAgtjk

t#gc gE_ gfƲ tf$ t#gc ketu, eE 6tAgtjk_ t#gc 6tAgtjk eE ketu,b Ufj tf1gf Tfmk, IŢFDujg f/y &Q 6tAgtjk tfN hè ěE ketu, Ufôgc eg mRt tí 6tAgtjkgâ gok_ mâ t#ộ tfâgf ketu, 6u#u,b gfƲgc g$u hâ ketu,

6u#u, tfN hâm cN eE ěƲ%e mRt tí 6tAgtjk t#gc gE ěễ

XX



eE tfễ hâm #k ,e efuyễg ěRgc tfA tj$g t#Ngf hny tj$g 6tAgtjk ū ketu, fky 6tAgtjk ℯ ketu,_ gfƲ tf$ hâm cNeE ,jgf v+t vâ U‾ ,1gc tẫ 0âm cN eE TfƲ%gc ě$ ON

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Ēẳt hîg eBu fQj "y hâ &Zt ěảu ěj tNm mẫef gƲ=e gcảmmâ tƲ tƲộgc T#ugc k ěG ěƲ%e guôj IƲ—gc \kgftƲ!j t#gc gfogc tf[j ěẫj tf! mRgc tfuộ \Ʋk5

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T#gc -rugc dugc _ Tígf gfƲ tf$ gâ Tf$ gâ hâ Ku,t t$gf

Tẫj ,k OƲ!gc 4Ʋ!gc Mjgf c@j Tígf hâ &g tfễ e/kTBm

Tẫj ,k 0e t u. 9ągc c@j Tígf hâ vuk (tígf tf<vƲ!gc) t#gc quy2t gcfj pf<m e/k @fëp (6+ Ē?g4jgf

Tẫj ,k 71t gfG f@e t#gc 3f+t cj1 c@j Cf\gc hâ v\tỻ t$gf

&\ tỻ t$gf e/k 71t gfG f@e vâ tỻ t$gf e/k Tfj:g f@eeE Uf1e gfku Ufôgc

FuyZg (fky -fëj fuyZg e/k 4Ʋ!gc gc hâ cN)5

9fogc eBu fQj t#îg hâ gfogc eBu fQj v: tígf (c@j hât$gf v,g)5

9fogc eBu fQj t#îg ,] hâ Ufộj ějễm ef euRe 5+gctf+.j cjok tƲ tƲộgc ' Ēôgc vâ tƲ tƲộgc ′u efBu vâ

gƲ=e Oj.t 9km hâ mgf ě"t fj.g gky eE ě/ tígf Uj.gěễ ef euRe 5+gc tf+.j t#îg ěƲ%e tu tfâgf5 Tutfâgf hâ cN

Ēớj tf+.j tu tfâgf 5+gc tf+.j"

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U+gc tf+.j tu tfâgf WYe tf+.j" ĒYe tf+.j tu tfâgf v\ tf+.j" &\ tf+.j tu tfâgf v\ gc\g"

&\ gc\g tu tfâgf gcuyîg gc\g" ocuyîg gc\g tu tfâgf gcuyîg t$gf" ocuyîg t$gf tu tfâgf t$gf" -$gf tu tfâgf v\ t$gf &\ t$gf tu tfâgf 4f\gc"

Cf\gc tu tfâgf FuyZg" FuyZg tu tfâgf tỻ t$gf"

Tôj ěG ěk efob gfƲgc ěk efo hâ fẫt Igc e/k ttígf_ c@j hâ fẫt Igc e/k Tfj:g5

Gy ěễ LC5Tfj:g

X5 Tfj:g hâ cNBu fQj tf gf"t hâ fẫt Igc e/k Tfj:g5

Bu fQj tf fkj hâ fẫt ěRgc e/k ,! Tfj:g5

ẫt Igc e/k Tfj:g hâ

J! tfj:g hâ ? cè

hâ d,u fQj5

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0? cè hâ (j/u tƲ%gc ef I"u fQj5

7jễu tƲ%gc vâ I"u fj.u fâg tâg Uf1e gfku (tôj ěG

cjj tfíef , Uf1e gfku "y t#gc efƲ!gc gf"t)5

u. 9ągc hâ I"u fj.u5

Tfảg T` hâ &jễu tƲ%gc5

4"u fj.u vâ &jễu tƲ%gc Uf1e gfku tf$ gâ_ ,ku ěBytôj ,] ,uy tƲộgc &Wgc e1ef h"y 1gf ,1gc Tfj:g efj$u#@j vâ tf! e/k ©hIA#hjg5

5;

T#gc Rglm+5ygl (‡†AjtA ›k,,ugc_ AI5 |_ 7Aj,,gA#_Jtuttck#t_ 7I5 ??_ 65 Xs)5 ef`gc tk tf"y ©hIA#hjgvj$t

Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrD dlutugc5+5 UefmlrO+5 5jgd jr ugd fk(lg Gk5t

=jl Uprkefl jg dlr arlmdl vlr+rlg"

I<ef hâ

Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u fjuD 4f\gc ; gcfk" Vfgc tk 4f\gc ? 5ỻ Wku 4fw v? cbg gfƲ Wëgf m,t

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gc\g gcQ tr+gc exj Ʋu W?y"

AjIAccA# ěG gfj:u hảg cjj tfíef &k eBu tf! t#îg

t#gc t1e 6fqm t#j$t f@e e/k ôgc5

7By cj[ tôj mu2g cjj tfíef 4fëe AjIAccA#5 Tôjmu2g cjj tfíef vƲ%t îg t#îg AjIAccA#b Wj îg fkyWj Kuớgc engc efV hâ mRt gcfHk5 Ēj \u2gc(ugtA#cAfAg) eE gcfHk hâ ěj hîg (…&A#cAfAg)5

*fj tôj gEj vƲ%t hîg t#îg AjIAccA# tfN eE gcfHk hâvƲ%t hîg tfA gcfHk 9jAtƟ,efA_ gcfHk hâ ěj hîg \u2gc(ěj \u2gc f2 tf;m AjIAccA#)5

4 ěE_ vƲ%t hîg eE gcfHk hâ tu tfâgf5

-ỻu tf?gf ộ ěBy Ufôgc eE gcfHk hâ ?m K+gc _ UfôgceE gcfHk Ēe gco hâ v+lgdlg_ ku5Gfrlg_ v+Gfrlgv5v5

Tu tfâgf ộ ěBy eE gcfHk hâ tu hẫj e1j tjgf tfâgf(ck#IA# Ikg, ,g A,,AgeA)_ tjgf tfâgf ộ ěBy hâ tjgftfễ e/k tjgf tfễ_ c@j hâ tjgf t`y (A,,AgeA)b I ěE_ tu

tfâgf eE gcfHk hâ 5l mAgkclr mâ efo Ēe e/kAjIAccA# c@j hâ 5ef+glg5

g gcƲ[j ef[ ě%j t$gf_ gcfHk hâ cjo &2g gcfj (tfjîg_ě<k_ tf1gf_ gfBg) t#gc tjgf tfâgf5 9Ej gfƲ AjIAccA#

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hâ cjo e1j fNgf vuôgc (hA ek##^) t#gc tjgf tfễ (Ikg,,g A,,AgeA) gcfHk hâ ,efgAgi5

9fƲ tf$_ vƲ%t îg t#îg AjIAccA# eE gcfHk hâ tỻutf?gf AjIAccA#5

Tu tfâgf AjIAccA# eE gcfHk hâ cjo AjIAccA# t#gctjgf tfâgf5 fV eE tf$5

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gcfHk hâ

f`gc tk hâ mRt I"u fj.u Ufôgc L gcfHkf`gc tk Ufôgc ěku UfOâ ef`gc tk IƲ[gc gfƲ ě1gf m"t gcôg gco g!j epjhẫ5

AjIAccA# ěG cjj tfíef &k eBu tf! t#îg t#gc tígf 6f+g e/k tígf tfễb eg gcƲ[j m"t t#í gf=_ Duîg tígf(OA#cA,,AgfAjt IA, JAjg,)b I ěE_ eg gcƲ[j cảg gfƲě1gf m"t gcôg gco t#gc epj hẫ5 4 ěE m=j eE , ,6ě ěku tfƲ!gc e/k gfBg hẫj fj.g gky5 Mu2g ,2gc

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ef #k fYg_ eg gcƲ[j 6fj tNm hẫj tígf5

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9$u Igc 1gf ,1gc Tfj:g tôgc ěễ efj$u #@j vâ h2jcjj tf1t e/k AjIAccA# v: eBu tf! e/k ©hIA#hjg tfNtk eE tfễ c@j h2j cjj tfíef "y hâ h2j trj t$gf tjm gcY tfA ěj.u e/k tfj:g ,Ʋ Tfảg T`5

TƲ tƲộgc AjIAccA# #"t cj2gc vâ cảg Tfảg T`5

Tfảg T` hâ &jễu tƲ%gc

Mâ u. 9ągc hẫj hâ I"u fj.u5

7jễu tƲ%gc #"t eE íef h%j vâ Dukg t#@gc5 7jễu tƲ%gcěƲk ě$g g:g vąg mjgf ek ěR e/k gfBg hẫj fj.g gky_gfƲgc &jễu tƲ%gc v2g hâ I"u fj.u_ tf$ mâ &jễu tƲ%gcěG Ufôgc Uj$g t tígf_ vN tf$ mẳe I &jễu tƲ%gc mu2gcjj tf1t_ gfƲgc cjj tf1t UfQj &jễu tƲ%gc v}g hâ

&jễu tƲ%gc5 ĒE hâ , tf"t &ẫj e/k AjIAccA#5 ĒE engchâ , tf"t &ẫj e/k Tfảg T`5

9‖9 Jª T―T 7«? 9x” ₨―T ¬9 T?ŽT5

Oâ efígf , tf"t &ẫj gây tu tfâgf , \u"t fj.g e/k0e t u. 9ągc5

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&Egc t2j_ mâ Ufj &Egc t2j &< \uk ěuj_ te hâ uy:gěG &< \uk ěuj_ uy:g tu tfâgf t tígf_ t tígf tutfâgf mẳt t#ągcb cj1 tfuy$t e/k Tfảg T` hâ 1gf ěrgb

eg gcƲ[j tfƲ[gc gfNg 1gf ěrg mâ Duîg mẳt t#ągc5

hâ cNi hâ 1gf ěrg5

i hâ &Egc t2j5

T#gc hâ cNi_ 1gf ěrg ěgc &îg &Egc t2j5 7Egc t2j hâI"u fj.u &1 ef &j$t , eE mẳt e/k tígf5

'gf ěrg hâ &jễu tƲ%gc gEj v: , vZgc mẳt e/k tígf5

3;

Tfảg T` hâ &jễu tƲ%gc5

u. 9ągc hâ I"u fj.u5

T#gc gcôg gco Ēe_ I"u fj.ui ěƲ%e c@j hâ dk5 >ljeflg gfƲ t#gc eBu tf! e/k ©hIA#hjg

Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrz

gcfHk hâ

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Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u fju5

Tẫj ,k ©hIA#hjg gEj #Wgc ef`gc tk hâ mRt d,u fju

4"u fj.u Uf1e &jễu tƲ%gc ef~ gâ

9côg gco Ēe c@j &jễu tƲ%gci hâ Ik, Jjgg&jhIi54k, Jjgg&jhIi (&jễu tƲ%gc) vâ Ik, ‡AjefAgi (I"ufj.u) Uf1e gfku #"t #p #âgc t#gc e1ef e"u tẫ efogcfHk5

6;

4k, Jjgg&jhIi (&jễu tƲ%gc) cYm eE efo 7jhIi vâefo Jjggi5

Jjggi hâ L gcfHk5

7jhIi hâ fNgf tƲ%gc_ fNgf Iugc5

TƲ%gc fNgf L gcfHk ef I"u fj.u tfN c@j hâ &jễutƲ%gci (Ik, Jjgg&jhI)5

4"u fj.u Ufôgc eE L gcfHkb vN I"u fj.u mâ eE LgcfHk tfN c@j hâ &jễu tƲ%gci5 7ộj tf$ tígf ef"t e/k

&jễu tƲ%gc hâ eE L gcfHk_ eg tígf ef"t e/k I"u fj.uhâ Ufôgc eE L gcfHk5 4 ěE_ ef`gc tk tf"y ©hIA#hjg

sa



vj$t eBu ěảu e/k &âj tf! gfƲ vảy

Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrD dlutugc5+5

gcfHk hâ

Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u fjuD 4f\gc e7 ; gcfk"

*fôgc eE L gcfHk te hâ Ufôgc hL Ib Ufôgc hL I tehâ Ufôgc hL t#íb Ufôgc hL t#í hâ Ufôgc cjj tfíef(dlutugc5+5 engc eE gcfHk hâ Ufôgc eE , cjjtfíefi)5

©hIA#hjg hâ &ẫg tfBg e/k AcAhb fkj gcƲ[j ěG tgc,2gc efugc gfku mRt tf[j cjkg gfƲgc ,ku gây fkjgcƲ[j &"t ěYgc L gfku vâ egc \k hNk gfku5

Bu tf! e/k ©hIA#hjg

Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrD dlutugc5+5 (f`gc tk hâ mRt I"u fj.u_ Ufôgc eE L gcfHk)5

&~gc hâm m[ t2j , tƲ!gc ěYgc tBm L cjok ©hIA#hjg

vâ AcAhb &ộj vN ě2j v=j AcAh_ m@j , ě:u eE L gcfHkt#gc f. tf2gc ,uy tƲộgc e/k ôgc5

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UefmlrO+5 5jgd jrz

eE gcfHk hâ

Vfgc tk 4f\gc Wku 4fwD vè efgc tk ? mYt d,u fju4f\gc ; gcfkD efgc tk 4f\gc Wku 4fw"

Ēku Uf efV \u"t fj.g v=j L gcfHk5 g gcƲ[j ,2gct#gc L gcfHk hâ eg gcƲ[j ,2gc t#gc ěku Uf mâ,2gc t#gc ěku Uf eE gcfHk hâ ,2gc t#gc , tƲ%gcfNgf L gcfHk (Ik, Jjgg&jhI)_ te hâ ,2gc t#gc &jễutƲ%gc5

M~j eg gcƲ[j ě:u ,2gc t#gc fkj tf$ cj=j

• tf$ cj=j I"u fj.ub

• tf$ cj=j &jễu tƲ%gc5

J2gc v=j I"u fj.u hâ ,2gc v=j fNgf vuôgc tígf f@e(ek##^ gthcjDuA) cYm eE &2g gcfj (t#[j_ ě"t_ tfảg_gcƲ[j)5 J2gc v=j I"u fj.u hâ ,2gc fYg gfjîg cjok tj$těj.u tf! mRgc e/k vn t#5

g tf$ cj=j &jễu tƲ%gc hâ mRt tf$ cj=j fNgf gfb,2gc v=j &jễu tƲ%gc hâ ,2gc v=j mRgc m< tƲộgcb,2gc v=j &jễu tƲ%gc hâ \k hNk t tígf5

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J ěku Uf efV \u"t fj.g v=j L gcfHk mâ Ufj ef`gc tkhâ I"u fj.u Ufôgc eE L gcfHk (IAutugc,h,) tfN ef`gctk Ufôgc ěku Uf

UefmlrO+5 5jgd jrz

©hIA#hjg hẫj vj$t tj$6

ugd fk(lg Gk5t =jl Uprkefl jg dlr arlmdl vlr+rlg"

9cfHk hâ

&? efgc tk W{ cbg gfƲ Wëgf m,t gc\g gcQ g|j exj.z

J ěku Uf efV \u"t fj.g v=j gcôg gco gfƲgc Ufjef`gc tk ě1gf m"t gcôg gco g!j epj hẫ_ tfN , ěku Ufengc tjîu mk ěj5 9fƲgc ef`gc tk fGy ěễ L mâ ě@e hẫjeBu tf! eu2j e/k ©hIA#hjg

ugd fk(lg Gk5t =jl Uprkefl jg dlr arlmdl vlr+rlg"

T#gc eBu tf! t#îg_ efo Dukg t#@gc gf"t hâ t#ẫgc t Gk5t ib t#ẫgc t Gk5t i eE gcfHk hâ IƲ[gc gfƲ_ fảugfƲ_ cảg gfƲi5

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fígf I efo Gk5t gây mâ t"t e L gcfHk e/k &k eButf! ěG ěj Uf1eb &By cj[ ef`gc tk ě@e hẫj t#@g &k eButf! vâ gf"t hâ ě@e gf"g mẫgf g!j efo Gk5t ěễ hZgc

gcfA L gcfHk ěj Uf1e gfƲ tf$ gâ



9cfHk hâ

Vfgc ? mYt d,u v2tD v\ gcfk" Vfgc tk v\ cjëe trè WYg v? cbg gfƲ W{ quîg m,ttj2gc g7j g|j Ʋu W?y"

fígf efo ›FJT ěG \ky f;g L gcfHk e/k &âj tf!b

efo Gk5t hâm I"u fj.ui t#ộ tfâgf I"u v$ti hâmUfôgc L gcfHki t#ộ tfâgf vô gcfHki_ Ufôgc ěkuUfi t#ộ tfâgf vô cj1e t#! t#! t#N ěRgi_ hâm ě1gfm"t gcôg gcoi tfâgf Duîg m"t tj$gc gEji_ hâm g!jepj hẫi tfâgf #k g!j hƲu ěâyi5 Oâ ef`gc tk fjễu tẫj,k ©hIA#hjg ěẳt tîg &âj tf! hâ MgAm,ygAi (T#ígf=_ UL e)b efígf eBu tf!

ugd fk(lg Gk5t =jl Uprkefl jg dlr arlmdl vlr+rlg" (cảg gfƲ Duîgm"t tj$gc gEj g!j epj hƲu ěây)5

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fígf eBu tf! gây cjj tfíef gfku ě: MgAm,ygAivN cảg gfƲ Duîg m"t tj$gc gEji efígf hâ cảg gfƲDuîg m"t t#í gf=i5

fígf efo Gk5t i ěG Ufj$g m@j , ě hRg_ tf$ cj=jI"u fj.u &j$g tfâgf tf$ cj=j &jễu tƲ%gc_ tf$ #Yj eggcƲ[j &< ěj ěây cjok epj ,k mẫe h=g #Rgc gây (IjA‗u,t †kef,t)5

ảg gfƲi (›FJT) eE gcfHk hâ efƲk t#@gi mâ efƲkt#@gi efV eE gcfHk hâ ộ cjoki (efo 3f16 c@j hâşgt#Ai)5

g gcƲ[j ộ cjok tf` v+t vâ tfảg hjgfb eg gcƲ[j ộcjok tf[j UfN tfảg hjgf ěj m"ti vâ tf[j Uˁ tfảg hjgf,Z6 fj.gi5

?®F te hâ Ufôgc cjkg e/k &jễu tƲ%gc5

4"u fj.u Ufôgc 6fj ?®F mâ hâ 9¯?5

2>;

'gf ,1gc Tfj:g tôgc \u"t fj.g5

g gcƲ[j cjj tf1t hâ Ufôgc eg ộ cjok5

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g gcƲ[j cjj tf1t Ufôgc cảg gfƲi tfA gcfHkcảg gfƲi e/k efo Gk5t i5

g gcƲ[j cjj tf1t Ufôgc ,2gc t#gc tf$ cj=j &jễutƲ%gc_ gcfHk hâ Ufôgc tẫ_ Ufôgc tƲ%gc L gcfHk (Ik,Jjgg&jhI)5

g gcƲ[j cjj tf1t Ufôgc L gcfHk (IAutugc,h,)_gfƲ v+y Ufôgc L gcfHk hâ Ufôgc ěku Uf(JefmA#Ɵh,)b Ufôgc ěku Uf hâ tjîu Ij.t ě1gf m"tgcôg gco (fk&Ag IjA J6#kefA vA#h#Ag)b tjîu Ij.t ě1gfm"t gcôg gco hâ vN ộ epj \k hẫ (jg IA# ›#AmIA)5

pj \k hẫ (jg IA# ›#AmIA) hâ 9j$t &âg hâ TBy 6fƲ!gcT<gf ěRb gfƲgc efígf epj \k hẫ "y hâ ộ g!j epj gây_ ộg!j epj t#ảg cjkg gây5

g gcƲ[j cj1e gcR hâ eg gcƲ[j ộ mâ Ufôgc ộ_ t#`mâ Ufôgc t#`_ Ikgf t gfâ 3f+t c@j hâ O T₨²i_ vôt#` hâ t#` ộ epj \k hẫ (jg IA# ›#AmIA)_ te Ufôgc t#`g!j epj mNgf t#`5

0e t u. 9ągc h"y vô gj.mi hâm tôgc_ h"y vô

tƲ=gci hâm tfễ_ h"y vô t#i hâm c2e5

9fƲ tf$_ g$u &Q efo ›FJT t#gc &k eBu tf!©hIA#hjg tfN eg gcƲ[j cj1e gcR hâ eg gcƲ[j I"ufj.u

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Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrD dlutugc5+5 UefmlrO+5 5jgd jr ugd fk(lg

=jl Uprkefl jg dlr arlmdl vlr+rlg5

te hâ

Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u fjuD 4f\gc ; gcfk" Vfgc tk 4f\gc Wku 4fw v? Wëgf m,t

oc\g gcQ g|j exj ."

Bu tf! t#îg Ufôgc eE efo ›FJTi (cảg gfƲ)5 f`gctk fGy ěễ L #Wgc ef$gf efQ a:U- ěG cẫef #k &jîg cj=jcjok vô mjgf vâ cj1e gcR5

j1e gcR hâ gf"t tfj$t vẫg 6f16 &"t hy t tígfib I

ěE_ Tfj:g tôgc vƲ%t hîg t#îg AjIAccA# vN AjIAccA#ef #Wgc eg gcƲ[j fj.g gky ěG hy t tígfi_ (t$gf hâUljg)b ě2j v=j Tfj:g tôgc_ eg gcƲ[j &"t hy t tígfi_I ěE 7Y ě: t tígf &g hkj tfkgf t<gfi5

9$u &Q efo ›FJTi t#gc &k eBu tf! e/k ©hIA#hjgtfN tk tf"y &k eBu tf! "y gWm IƲ=j 1gf ,1gc Tfj:gtôgc gfƲ vảy

Tôgc ℯ vô gj.m fk(lg djl Uprkefl vlr+rlgb

Tfễ ℯ vô tƲ=gc UefmlrO+5n dlutugc5+5n

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2e ℯ vô t# jg dlr arlmdl"

ON tf$_ eg gcƲ[j cj1e gcR hâ I"u fj.u (‡AjefAg) ef

&1t gfG_ efBg tígf_ gcuyîg tígf_ efBg gfƲ_ v5v5

7By cj[_ &k eBu tf! e/k ©hIA#hjg &~gc h^ hîg 1gf,1gc tuy.t v[j e/k gcuy.t &ẫef



9cfHk hâ

Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u v2tD v\ gcfk v\ trj v\ cjëe trè WYg v? cbg gfƲ

quîg m,t tj2gc g7j g|j exj Ʋu W?y"

4Ʋ=j 1gf ,1gc Tfj:g tôgc_ &k eBu tf! t#îg gEj hîg &jU<ef e/k eg gcƲ[j ,2gc t#gc vô mjgf_IAutugc,h,i &j$g gcfHk tfâgf #k vô gcfHki_JefmA#Ɵh,i eE gcfHk hâ Ufôgc ěku Ufi gfƲgc

&j$g gcfHk tfâgf #k vô cj1e vô t#jib I ěE Ufôgc

ěku Ufi t#ộ tfâgf ěku Uf_ g~j Uf e/k mRt U‾Ufôgc eg &j$t Uf (vô cj1ei)5 9fƲgc &By cj[_ g$uef`gc tk &Q efo cảg gfƲi (›FJT) t#gc &k eBu tf!t#îg

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Bjg >ljeflg 5jgd jrD dlutugc5+5 UefmlrO+5 5jgd jr ugd fk(lg


tfN L gcfHk hẫj ěj Uf1e

Vfgc tk ? mYt d,u fjuD 4f\gc e7 ; gcfkD efgctk 4f\gc Wku 4fw v? W{ Wëgf m,t gc\g gcQ g|j exj."

Ē1gf m"t gcôg gcoi "y hâ vô gcôgi_ vâ epj hẫ "y hâepj mâ m@j gcƲ[j ef`gc tk ě:u mu2g Duky v: ěễ tNmhẫj m1j gfâ \Ʋk5

EfƲ)gc !k + 8j v. t/gf

Ēj vZ tf/ t$gf eợk 5jîu fègf fọe v? tƲ tƲộgc

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cf_ A#cA T#khU5 AjIAccA# engc ,] gEj efuy.g# #N v=j tôj t#îg eg ěƲ[gc e/k t<ef gfjîg &"těRgcib tôj ěG gEj efuy.g # #N v=j tôj Du1 gfj:u #YjbgfƲ tf$ engc ě/ #Yj_ tôj Ufôgc mu2g ,kgc Ēe ěễ cẳ6AjIAccA#_ tôj ěễ AjIAccA# t ěâ mR efôgAjIAccA#b vâ mƲ[j gąm ,ku_ t ―g ĒR vâ TBy Tẫgc_tôj ,] ěj Duk tBg Ēe Du2e ěễ ěẳt AjIAccA# mRtvgc fk 6fƲ!gc Ēôgc mâ tôj ěễ ef ě1 fk ,u"ttígfi (Uljgk55lg) vâ hè ěE I ěG ef$t_ AjIAccA#engc ,] mVm eƲ[j tẫj gcuy.g5

9cYj u2gc eâ 6fî tẫj Du1g ›h#A ộ Jkjgt A#mkjg IA3#^,_ tôj h gcfH v= vqg mâ Duîg >u1ef T"g_ tôj ěG

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9cƲ[j Iuy gf"t t#gc ě[j tôj mu2g cẳ6 hâ Ag#yMjhhA#_ gcƲ[j Iuy gf"t t#gc ě[j tôj tf[ 6fƲ%gc hâ

Ag#y MjhhA#_ Ag#y MjhhA# mâ 0k†#AgeA 4u##Ahh ěGěẳt gckgc fâgc v=j ‗fjtmkg vâ ‗jhhjkm 7hkUA_ mâgfEm 7Akt AgA#ktjg c@j hâ ôgc 3f+t ,2gci_ mâ tfj,H *k#h Jfk6j# c@j hâ gfâ vąg vH ěẫj gf"t e/k gfBghẫj_ mâ ěkgc eg ,2gci_ tôj mu2g ěẳt Ag#y MjhhA#gckgc fâgc v=j Mjhk#A6k (mâ Ag#y MjhhA# &1j

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9jAtƟ,efA (mâ Ag#y MjhhA# Duí 6fe)5

Tôj ěG cẳ6 Ag#y MjhhA# vâ Ag#y MjhhA# ěG ôm tôj_

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&Wgc m}u t 0k tjgf_ gfƲgc 5u,t t$gf tfA m}u t

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3fẫg gco vâ m}u t Tâu tf[j 3fe y vâ m}u t y0ẫ6 tf[j Fgk\jmkgI#A5

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Tôj cjt mNgf vâ gEj Tôj ,] cj$t ôgci5Tôj ěj cj$t huôg e Ag#y MjhhA#5

Oâ Ag#y MjhhA# tẳgc tôj mRt Duyễg ,1ef gfkg ě:-f*j cj2t gcƲ*ji (-fl -jml +G :55k55jg5)5

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»C¿Jjîu fNgfi vâ Jjîu fNgf f@ei hâ gfogc tj$gc ěG &< &ôj gf@5 !g gok I<ef m^tk6fy,jDuAi hâ ,jîu fNgfifky ,jîu fNgf f@ei hâ I<ef ^6_ vN efígf efo fNgfi

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-èm .j t$gf tf/ eợk fYj f+. v? tƲ tƲộgc

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Ufôgc e/k vn t#5 Tjm tôj ě+6 tfe mẫgf vN gE mu2gě+6 tfe gf½ ěễ ěYgc gf<6 v=j ẫ_ gf+6 tfễ v=jTígf_ Iugc IƲ—gc m1u vâ ěễ m1u efy gf½ gfâgc t#ộv: tígf tfễ e/k Rj ẫ_ gf[ ,e 6f 6f^6 e/k gƲ=e,u2jb mẳe I gƲ=e ,u2j ěG &< vâ efkj_ engc gfƲ tígf

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tfễ e/k Rj ẫ &< gf2t vâ efkj gcôg gco5

Tôj Ufôgc f"6 t"6 vRj vG_ mẳe I L tƲộgc e/k tôj

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3k#j, ěG \u2gc efj:u_ mẳt t#[j fYj t#Ʋk Du1 gEgc_ tôjěkgc gcYj tẫj Du1g eâ 6fî 4ômA ộ vgcMgt6k#gk,,A5 9cƲ[j &Yj &âg ěkgc gfNg tôj gfƲ tôjěkgc gfNg tígf tfễ Rj fẫ_ gfNg mRt e1ef tfg gfjîg_Ufôgc e2 cZgc_ Ufôgc tfâgf Uj$g_ Ufôgc L gcfH_Ufôgc L tfe f.5

Tôj gfNgb tôj ěkgc gfNg5

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9fNg v: tígf tfễ e/k Rj fẫ hâ ẫ_ vN ẫ hâ 9fNgtígf tfễ e/k Rj fẫ hâ ěgc \k fky ěgc cảg ěễ gfNggcƲ[j mNgf yîu tfuộ &kg ěảub mâ tfuộ &kg ěảu "y ěG

\y #k e1ef ěBy mƲ[j gcâg gąm fky e1ef ěBy mƲ[jgąm vâ ôm 9ky ôm cfN fôg hîg 7By j[ 7By j[tfQ tf‾ Bu y$m v=j 9!j ĒBy5

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mNgf t#gc &Egc t2j vâ gfNg vâ , t#2gc Ufôgc e/ktƲ tƲộgc vâ gfâ eảub Igc mRt tj$gc ,^t_ gcƲ[j "y

&~gc gfNg tf"y m1u ěảu t^ #k tfâgf me tfkg ěAg

t#îg v1ef tƲ[gc ěễ &j$g tfâgf eBu ,"m tfA Igc^#kehjtA

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tfkj_ I tƲ%gc fNgf gfƲ krd+ -f+d+ e/k TBy Tẫgct#gc 0jvrl dl5 m+rt5 tj(Atkjg fky #gGlrg+ e/k 4kgtA5*fôgc tfễ L tfe g$u Ufôgc eE tƲ%gc fNgf5

Tôj efV hâ Tôj &ộj vN Tôj tƲ%gc fNgf Tôjb tf$ cj=j efV

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G fRj_ 1ef mẫgc_ Oąg mjgf_ m1y 6f1t tfkgf vâ 6fEgc tfkgf_ eek ehk_ gfogc #ẫ6 efj$u &Egc_ gfogcgfâ Ufjîu vn_ gfogc gfâ t_ gfogc gfâ tfƲ!gc ějîg

ěễ gf2t hẫj gfogc gcƲ[j mu2g tƲ%gc fNgf Duk ,t#ugc cjkg e/k tƲ%gc gcfHk5

Ngf engc t#j Duk &k cjkj ěẫgC5 tƲ%gc fNgfbX5tƲ%gc gcfHkb5 tƲ%gc efo5

0<ef ,P M´ tfu+t TBy 6fƲ!gc engc t#j Duk &k cjkjěẫg tfA fƲ=gc efuyễg ěRgc e/k Ngf cjkj ěẫgtƲ%gc fNgf hâ cjkj ěẫg t#Ʋ=e TfƲ%gc e vâ vâTfƲ%gc eb cjkj ěẫg tƲ%gc gcfHk ộ vâ tf[j 3fefƲgcb cjkj ěẫg tƲ%gc efo ộ vâ tf$ U¶ O??_ ?vâ 5 3kuh *hAA vâ 3jek,, hâ gfogc fẫ ,H mu2gt#ộ v: cjkj ěẫg tƲ%gc fNgf vâ tƲ%gc gcfHkb 3kuh*hAA mẫgf v: tƲ%gc fNgf f!g tƲ%gc gcfHkb 3jek,,mẫgf v: tƲ%gc gcfHk f!g tƲ%gc fNgfb t"t gfjîg tƲ%gcefo ě$g tuy.t ě2j tfN efo &j$g tfâgf fNgfb tƲ%gcgcfHk ě$g tuy.t ě2j tfN gcfHk engc tfâgf fNgf vâ fNgfěƲ%e tƲ%gc fNgf ě$g tuy.t ě2j tfN Ufôgc eg fNgf vâ

t#ộ tfâgf vô fNgf5 *fj vô fNgf efuyễg ěRgc tfN fNgfvâ vô fNgf hâm efBg t#[j ef Tígf_ te hâm Tfễ e/kTígf5 4gc tfễ e/k tfễ hâ gfNg tf"y_ te hâ Igc tfễe/k gfGgb gfGg hâ tf"y_ gfNg vâ gfNg tf"y5

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Tf"y efV hâ tf,y Ufj fkj mZt fẫt ěRgc gf½ gfâgcgfƲ mRt mZt_ gcfHk hâ Ufôgc e2 cZgc_ Ufôgc eảg ef`L_ ef` tBmb gfNg efV gfèg Ufj tf,y mRt e1ef #p #âgc_

ěảy e2 cZgc_ ěảy ef` L vâ ef/ L (MAjgugc e/ku,,A#h)_ ěôj mZt t#gc hîg_ Pgc hîg 1gf ,1gcb eggfNg tf"y efV hâ gfèg tf,y Ufj tôj gfNg tf"y &Wgc ěôjmZt tf &kb eg mZt tf &k "y ộ gcâj ěôj mZt foufNgfb mNgf eE tfễ gfNg tf"y &Wgc ěôj mZt tf &k gckye Ufj mNgf gfZm mZt hẫj_ gfZm mZt hè gc/_ gfZmmZt hè ôm gcƲ[j yîu_ hè hâm 1j tNgf_ gfZm mZt hètfe_ gfZm mZt hè ef$t_ gfZm mZt hè v1y h~ tkjbmNgf eE tfễ gfNg tf"y &Wgc ěôj mZt tf &k efV Ufjgâ mNgf Ufôgc ef` L vâ ef/ L tfA ěj:u u,,A#hběôj mZt tf &k gcâj fkj ěôj mZt tfôgc tfƲ[gc mâeg gcƲ[j ,2gc t#gc ě[j ěôj mZt tf &k tfVgf tfgc\u"t fj.g Ufj mNgf &Ʋ=e vâ eảu tjîu_ vN &Ʋ=e vâ

eảu tjîu hâ &Q fkj eg mZt tfƲ[gc gf+t #k gcâj5 T"te tfjîg tâj ě:u eE eg mZt tf &k_ gfƲgc f@ efV tfVgftfgc eE ěƲ%e eg mZt "yb mky hZm hâ hè ,1gc t1emâ eE ěƲ%e eg mZt "y tfN t1e 6fqm f@ hâ t1e 6fqme/k tfjîg tâjb tfjîg tâj ,jîu ě;gc gf"t hâ gcƲ[j cjoěƲ%e eg mZt "y mRt e1ef tfƲ[gc \uyîg_ t cjBy

6f`t gây ě$g cjBy 6f`t Uf1e_ t#gc m~j eP efV gfQ

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MZt hâ gfGg_ gfGg ěễ gfNg tf"y5 9fNg tf"y hâ *j$g5 9fNg tf"y Tígf hâ *j$g Tígf5

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ẫ hâ 9fNg Tf"y Tfễ5 9fogc &+e cj1e gcR hâ gfogcgcƲ[j gfNg tf"y Tígf_ vN tf$ gfogc &+e cj1e gcR hâ

gfogc gcƲ[j fẫ ,H ěẫj tâj gf"t_ vH ěẫj gf"t e/k gfBghẫj5 7e t#kgf e/k f@ Ufôgc tfễ tf"y ěƲ%e v=j fkjeg mZt tfƲ[gc gf+t5

ẫ ,H hâ mRt tu ,H5

Tfkm tfj:g hâ TƲ%gc Ngfb TƲ%gc Ngf &Wgc f!j tfộe/k Oô Ngfb m~j fẫ ,H tfjîg tâj ě:u tfkm tfj:gtƲ%gc fNgf &Wgc f!j tfộ e/k , f/y tfễ Duk f!j tfộe/k 1gf ,1gc_ IƲ=j , f/y tfễ e/k mâu ,Ze vâ v+thj.u5

TƲ%gc fNgf hâ efuyễg tf,y tfâgf gfèg vâ efuyễg

gfèg tfâgf gfèg tf,y5

9fNg tf"y hâ tfộ gf½ gfâgc vâ yîu t"t e gfogc cNgfQ &^ gf"t mâ mNgf cẳ6 gcây Duk gcây_ cjBy 6f`tDuk cjBy 6f`t5 ”îu hâ gfNg tf"y gfogc cN t hBu mNgfUfôgc tf"y vâ Ufôgc gfNg5 9fNg tf"y hâ gfy m`kv=j 1gf ,1gc t , ěYgc hG e/k &Egc t2j5

7By cj[ ef`gc tk fGy v] mRt eg #Ygc5

9cƲ[j 6fƲ!gc TBy Ufôgc &k cj[ v] #Ygc ěƲ%e_ ěEhâ ěj:u fjễg gfjîg vâ f!g gok f@ engc Ufôgc &k cj[

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tfíef fky mu2g hâm vj.e "y5 9cƲ[j T#ugc k gcây\Ʋk v] #Ygc_ gcƲ[j Oj.t gcây \Ʋk engc v] #Ygc_ gƲ=eOj.t 9km engc ěƲ%e Tígf M.gf tƲ%gc fNgf #k eg

#Ygc_ gWm I@e tfA Tf1j 7Ngf IƲ!gcb IBg Oj.ttfƲ[gc t c@j hâ eg ef1u #Ygc fky eg ef1u 0ẫe0gc >uBg5 O] #Ygc hâ tƲ%gc fNgf eg #Ygc mâ Ikgft 1g Oj.t c@j hâ ẫ 0gc5

ẫ 0gc hâm ,k ěễ 0gc tfâgf #k ₨Ygc

ON hâ hâm #Ygc_ O] #Ygc hâ v] v=j ₨Ygc ẫ te tf<0gc5

ẫ te 0gc5 0gc te Oj.t5 Oj.t te Tígf5 TfễIgc e/k Tígf hâ MZt MZt te hâ 9fGg5

Mu2g v] #Ygc ef #k #Ygc tfN 6fj v] v=j mZt5 MZte/k mNgf 6fj hâ mZt #Ygc5 O] #Ygc ef #k #Ygc tfN 6fj v] ef #k mZt #Ygc5 O] ěƲ%e eg mZt e/k eg#Ygc hâ v] #k ěƲ%e eg #Ygc eg mZt #Ygc hâ UfE v]gf"t5 3fj jm hẳgc_ gcYj jm &"t ěRgc_ gfNg tf"y Ʋ*fôgc_ Ufôgc gEj gągc_ ěj:u fâ f!j tfộ_ eBm hẳgct#gc mƲ[j gąm_ fkj efe gąm fky gąm efe gąm

fẳe t#îg mRt t#ąm gąm gfƲ Ʋ=e gcuy.g (ěẫjgcuy.g) e/k Uu,kj tfN m=j v] \gc t#gc mRt cjBy_efV t#gc mRt cjBy (,ku mRt gąm fky mRt t#ąm gąm)#Yj f2t gfjîg tVgf cj"e v] \gc eg mZt e/k eg #Ygcbějễm \gc mZt #Ygc hâ #Ygc tugc &ky â â cjok gj:m

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jm hẳgc e/k t#[j mBy5 9cƲ[j fẫ ,H Oj.t gcây \Ʋk_engc gfƲ fẫ ,H T#ugc k_ m~j Ufj v] #Ygc tfN f@efV gf"t tBm vâ mZt eg #Ygc_ &ộj tf$ efo 1g Oj.t

eE eBu fâm \è ẫ 0gc Ējễm 9fGgib v] #Ygc tfN 6fj ef"m mZt ẫ 0gc Ējễm 9fGgi engc Igct#gc vąg efƲ!gc ěễ efV vj.e gZm ěƲ%e gcuyîg tZe_gZm ěƲ%e tígf tfễ e/k vj.e ,1gc t1e vąg gcf.5

Tôj ,jgf #k ě[j &îg mRt Igc ,ôgc c@j hâ ,ôgc Pu0gc mâ ePu hgc eE gcfHk hâ efíg eg #Ygcb fYj gfQ_tôj tfƲ[gc &!j hRj gfƲ mRt eg #Ygc eg_ ộ &îg mRte hk_ c@j hâ e hk ₨Ygc5 Tfuộ gfQ_ tôj tfƲ[gc t#2gf@e ěễ efẫy #gc ef!j ộ e hk ₨Ygc fẳe t#2g gfâěễ tZm &!j ộ t#gc eg ,ôgc efíg eg ₨Ygc5 Tôj &Ztěảu v] t hè s tuj ef ě$g hè Cs tuj tfN tôj &< ^6

&uRe 6fj &Q v]b e cjk ěNgf tôj ^6 &uRe tôj vâ cj$t

ef$t eg mZt #Ygc e/k tôjb tôj ěâgf 6fj &Q v] &QtƲ%gc fNgf ěễ tfA tƲ%gc gcfHk &Q v] ěễ ě@e ,1efvâ vj$t ,1ef5 T tƲ%gc gcfHk (,ku mRt tf[j cjkg mƲ[jgąm) tôj &Ʋ=e ě$g TƲ%gc fo tôj gEj Yg â t#îg 2tf;m fkgc ,!5 7By cj[_ gcYj ộ ěBy_ tẫj Du1g eâ 6fî4ômA cjok mk \uBg 3k#j,_ cj[ cảg CX cj[ Ufuyk_ tôjěkgc gEj Yg â v: Rj fẫ_ v: Tígf_ v: Tígf Tfễ e/k

Rj fẫ5 Tôj ěkgc tƲ%gc efo v: tƲ%gc gcfHk e/ktƲ%gc fNgf5 Tôj ěkgc v] eg mZt e/k eg #Ygc ěễ ef#Ygc tfâgf #k #Ygc_ vN fẫ hgc ějễm gfGgi5 O] fNgf#Ygc hâ tƲ%gc fNgf #Ygc_ tôj ěkgc tƲ%gc &Wgc efo_ tôjěkgc tƲ%gc &Wgc gcfHk5 g vj.e tƲ%gc fNgf tfN UfE

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tf"y ěƲ%e_ vN g$u mu2g tf"y tfN 6fj gfNg vâ gfNg #k_gfNg efV Ufj gâ ěG gfNg tf"y mâ gfNg tf"y tfN Ufôgc

6fj gfNg tf"y &Wgc fkj eg mZt tfƲ[gc5 3fj gfNg

tf"y &Wgc mZt vô fNgf5 F+. +gc Wj/m gf{g tfN 6fj4j2g (gfNg tf"y) vâ 4j2g hâ 4j2g t$gf5 *j$g Tígf hâ

9fNg Tf"y Tígf5 uy:g gcfHk e/k Tígf hâ efígfTígfb Tígf hâ *j$g vâ *j$g hâ Tígfb Cj2g -$gf Ufôgc

6fj Cj2g #k -$gf mâ Cj2g ěYgc hè v=j -$gf5

Tígf Tfễ e/k ẫ Ufôgc 6fj hâ Tfễ ẫ_ Ufôgc 6fj hâ fẫ mRt Wớj tƲ%gc 5 Tígf Tfễ e/k ẫ hâ -f/ ẫ t#gc -$gf vâ -$gf ẫ t#gc -f/ 5

^ƟkggA hâ mRt fẫ ,H e/k vąg f1 6fƲ!gc TBybUf1m 6f1 vH ěẫj gf"t e/k tfjîg tâj ^ƟkggA hâ fẫ ,v+t gfƲ ? , v+t_ ě2j tƲ%gc gfƲ ? ě2j tƲ%gc_ fẫ

mRt e1ef Uf1ef Dukg_ +(iletjvlmlgt _ ěễ ef ~(ilt ěƲ%e tƲ%gc fNgf gcuyîg v½g hâ ~(ilt (ě2j tƲ%gc)5

&KAti e/k ^ƟkggA hâ rl5 mâ fẫ ,H 6fj hâmkdklquktj+ v=j jgtlletu5b rl5 hâ tfễ fky tfe tfễ_jgtlletu5 hâ tfe fky t#j tfe_ kdklquktj+ hâ tƲ!gcgc \gc ěj.u5 ^ƟkggA tfƲ[gc gEj ě$g rAkj5ktj+g

(tfễ fj.g) vâ m+duktj+g (efuyễg tfễ_ efuyễg ěj.u)bě2j v=j ^ƟkggA tfễ fj.g (#^khj,A#) hâ tu tfâgf ,efuyễg tfễb mâ efuyễg tfễ (mIuhA#) tfN Ufôgc Uf1egâ kdklquktj+g t#gc t#j$t f@e Ujgf vj.g(kdklquktj+ jgtlletu5 lt rlji tƲ!gc gc tfe vâ

•C



tfễ)_ gfƲ tf$_ fẫ e/k ^ƟkggA Ufôgc ěẫt t=j efBg hLvN ^ƟkggA ěG hy tígfb mu2g Uj$g tígf tfN Ufôgc 6fjtƲ!gc gc gfƲ kdklquktj+ mâ hâ Ufkj tf<5

3kuh *hAA hâ mRt fẫ ,H vH ěẫj Uf1e_ engc tfk fƲộgcTfễ e1ef Tj:g tƲ%gc 6fƲ!gc TByb mẳe I 3kuh *hAAeE tfk tfe t#ảm hẳgc tu f@e v=j h2j fẫ hgc ějễmgfGgi e/k 6fƲ!gc Ēôgc_ gfƲgc 3kuh *hAA v}g Ufôgctf1t ěƲ%e_ Ufôgc t ef2j ěƲ%e Ij ,g tBm hjgf e/k

6fƲ!gc TByb gfogc &e fẫ vH ěẫj gf"t e/k *hAA hâ &e V+mp+5jtj+g vâ &e @Agjtud egc &e 0k R+rtlt k alub gfNg tf"y gfogc &e fẫ "y_ tôj =g hẫgfgfƲ eộj t#ảg efẫy #gc t#gc e!g cjE efj:u mk \uBgộ vƲ[g eBy I‾ \kgf tẫj 3k#j,_ gfƲgc efẫy #gc mRtfYj tfN tôj tf"y Uf1t gƲ=e5 x_ tôj gfNg tf"y #k #Yj_ tôjgfNg tf"y tfj$u gƲ=e£

x 0k R+rt lt l alui ef Ufôgc &k cj[ 0k R+rtlt 0Llkui5 3kuh *hAA gWm ef$t vâ gąm Cls ěkgcUfj mj.gc Ufô vN Ufôgc gfNg tf"y gƲ=e5 *fôgc gfNgtf"y gƲ=e e/k 0G TP mẳe I *hAA &j$t mNgf eảggƲ=e5 *fôgc gfNg tf"y gƲ=e e/k Ē.+ W3e 4jgf_ &ộjvN 3kuh *hAA ěG fẫ , v+t gfƲ hâ Wớj v+t_ fẫ fNgf

tƲ%gc gfƲ hâ Wớj tƲ%gc mâ efígf 3kuh *hAA ěG tƲ%gcefo ef fẫ e/k *hAA hâ fẫ fNgf tƲ%gc ě2j Ij.gb3kuh *hAA c@j efo Ēe lclg5tkgd (\Am Duyễg @ku

CllD 9lcl (jdglrj5eflg =lg4lg5 e/k ‗A#gA#k{tmkgg_ gfâ \u"t &g ›j,efA# 7…efA#Aj_ t#5 l•)5

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TfƲ[gc Ufj 3kuh *hAA ef/ t#Ʋ!gc fẫ vô fẫ_ tƲ%gcfNgf v\ fègfb I *hAA eE tƲ%gc fNgf v\ fègf ěj gokbv\ fègf e/k 3kuh *hAA v}g hâ v\ fègf tfA gcfHk fègf

vƟgc m!t _ mâ fNgf vZgc mẳt v}g hâ mRt tflclg5tkgd ěƲ%e efA ě+y cj"u Uíg t#gc tj:m tfefky vô tfe fky ,jîu tfe fky fẫ tfe_ I hâ tfe cNěj gok tfN engc v}g hâ tf3e5

Tfe eE gcfHk hâ tƲ%gc fNgf5 TƲ%gc fNgf tfA ěj.ulcl5tkgd hâ tƲ%gc fègf Duk tƲ%gc gcfk vâ tƲ%gcefQ 5 9fƲ tf$ engc gfƲ ^ƟkggA_ engc gfƲ cảg f$t t"te gfogc fẫ ,H tfjîg tâj 6fƲ!gc TBy_ 3kuh *hAA v}gUfôgc tf1t UfQj efBg t#[j e/k lclg5tkgd mâ ěYgcgcfHk e/k efo Ēe lcl5tkgd t#gc 3f16 gco hâ efo~(ilt ~(ilt e/k ^ƟkggA fky Vf+5l (JkefA) e/ku,,A#h engc efV hâ &j$g Iẫgc_ gfogc &j$g tfễ e/k

9fƲ hâi gcfHk hâ 0Ljdlgtjquli (AjIAccA# c@j hâIk, hAjefAi)5 Ē‗gc -$gf (Ik, hAjefA) ěG hâ ek,jîu_ gfƲgc efƲk ě$g ěƲ%e ofƲ -$gf (AjIAccA# c@jhâ Ik, JAh&Ai)5

-$gf te hâ ofƲ _ efo 3fẫg (,kg,U#jt) e/k 9fƲ hâTBtfktBb efo 3fẫg e/k Tígf hâ Tkt5 fo 3fẫg_ efo

Tâu_ efo y 0ẫ6 Ufj \Ʋk ě:u hâ efo tƲ%gc fNgfb ttƲ%gc fègf #!j \u2gc tƲ%gc gcfk_ t tƲ%gc gcfk #!j\u2gc tƲ%gc efQ 5 T"t e gfogc gfâ f@e cj 3fẫggco_ 1g gco_ y 0ẫ6 gco (I ộ TBy fky ộ Ēôgc)ě:u hâ gfogc gcƲ[j f@e efo vâ tƲ%gc efo_ vâ efo efV

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hâ efo_ gcfHk hâ ef$t_ Ufôgc eE f!j tfộ5 Tôj Ufôgc gEjě$g efo º ₨+6_ 4 Tf1j fky 7k TƲb vN &k efBg gco(3fẫg_ 1g_ y 0ẫ6) eE Iígf híu m+t tfj$t v=j tígf

m.gf_ Tígf M.gf e/k IBg Oj.t vâ e Tígf M.gf e/kgfBg hẫj fj.g gky5

ẫ hâ gfNg tf"y_ gfNg tf"y hâ *?Ž9b Uj$g hâ *j$gTígfb Uj$g tígf hâ fẫ hgc ějễm gfGg ějễm gfGg hâefuyễg 9‖ 0x tfâgf 0xb 0x hâ 9‖ T¢95 9fƲTígf hâ eg #Ygc mâ 9cuySg 4u gfNg tf"y eBy t#èf1 tfâgf #Ygc ,ku Ufj ,Ʋ!gc tuy$t ěG tkg &j$g (v\gc\g WYe Wớj Wègf tjZg treD 5Ʋ|gc tuy2t tjîu tf*j f%pf+ë +gc ) gcfHk hâ Ufj ě"t gƲ=e Oj.t 9km ěG t#j DukmRt mk Ēôgc ěảy hẫgf h] tâg 6f1 tjîu ěj:u fkgc,! tfN ₨ẫgc Ēôgc ,] \u"t fj.g ₨Ygc ,] &ky efuyễgěRgc e gfBg hẫj)5

7j$g e2 Dukg t#@gc gf"t t#gc ě[j 3kuh *hAA hâ Ufj3kuh *hAA ěj hkgc tfkgc Duk Tugj, ộ 7Ze 3fj tfN &~gcgfjîg 3kuh *hAA ěG gfèg tf,y 1gf ,1gc gfƲ Okg cfěG gfNg tf"y vâ cfN ôm mẳt t#[j mj:g 9km gƲ=e3f16b 3kuh *hAA ěG gEj R?u 5Ɵe v? t\j ef… ? mYt†i5MRt hảg gâ ěE t#gc ě[j_ 3kuh *hAA ěG mu2g hâ mRt

ěk &^ ,! ,jgf ěễ Duîg f$t fẫ 6fqm e/k TBy 6fƲ!gc5 3kuh *hAA mu2g gfƲ Ufôgc hâ_ Ufôgc 0x3kuh *hAA gfNg tf"y 0Pk mâ Ufôgc gfNg tf"y 9Ʋ=e_gfNg tf"y 1gf ,1gc mâ Ufôgc gfNg tf"y &Egc t2j_ gfNgtf"y R?u UƟe mâ Ufôgc gfNg tf"y Oô JZe5 fBg t#[j

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e/k AcAg,tkgI v}g eg ěE vâ ,†khI J6AgchA# ěGvj$t mRt Duyễg ,1ef tf! mRgc Iâj cảg C5 t#kgcgfkg ě: hâ J ,uy tâg e/k TBy 6fƲ!gci5 Tf$ hâ 3kuh

*hAA v}g hâ eg gcƲ[j tfA ›ku,t_ c@j hâ ›ku,tjAg5

Yj eg ộ Oj.t 9km_ tôj eE gfogc gcƲ[j &ẫg fẫ ,Hbf@ ,ky ,Ʋk v]_ ,ky ,Ʋk ,2gc_ tôj mu2g gfZe ě$g T#<gfugc_ Ējgf Ʋ[gc_ v5v5 @ hâ gfogc fẫ ,H eE efBgtâj_ tôj fy v@gc gfj:u vâ gfogc fẫ ,H Oj.t 9km gfƲĒjgf Ʋ[gc_ gfƲ T#<gf ugc_ gfƲgc gfj:u Ufj f@hâm tôj tf"t v@gc f@ gfNg vâ f@ tf"y_ gfƲgc UfôgcgfNg tf"y5 @ Ufj$g tôj gf= mkgc m1gc mâu ,Ze vâUfôgc Ufí e/k 3kuh *hAA_ fkckhh_ 3jek,,_MIjchjkgj_ *kgIjg,Uy_ F#6_ ‗h,_ v5v5_ gcfHk hâ f@v}g &< t#Ej &uRe t#gc efBg lclg5tkgd e/k TBy

6fƲ!gc5

>uk ,2gc tẫj 3f16_ gfogc gcây tf1gc ộ 3k#j,_ tôj ěGcẳ6 fẫ ,H OHgf ―g_ tôj gfNg tf"y #Wgc kgf fjễu 3kuhOkh^#y f!g hâ m"y ôgc fâg hBm vj.g 3f16_ kgf gfNgtf"y t"t e tảm vEe e/k ^ƟkggA vâ 3kuh *hAA_ kgfhągc mẫ *kgIjg,Uy_ kgf jm hẳgc t#Ʋ=e Okg cf_kgf tfộ f!j tfộ e/k m"y fẫ ,H tfj:g ,Ʋ_ kgf ,2gc

₨jhUA_ ąg Ag#y MjhhA#_ gEj Ag#y MjhhA#_ ěk Ag#yMjhhA#_ gfNg tf"y v=j Ag#y MjhhA#b kgf u2gc Cjgfd₨ef_ kgf ef^6 Ē.+ W3e 4jgf_ kgf eƲ[j T#kgc TP_ěEgc U<ef JfkUA,6Ak#A_ ě1gf m"y e1j m1y \ky h`k

&îg TBy 7kg 9fk v=j A#vkgtr, t#ộ tfâgf tfWgc Uf[

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(0ŢjIjti£) e/k 4,tjAv,Uy ộ OjhhA IŢFv#ky_ g!j mâm~j ěîm vâ hè cảg CX cj[ Ufuyk_ kgf t#ộ v: hkgctfkgc ,ku mRt efuy$g tâu f &ągc Duk fkj gcfHk ě<k

ěj v: t#îg_ IƲ=j_ &Wgc_ v=j gfogc &Egc e/k h:ěƲ[gc5

Tôj ěG gfNg tf"y m"y &e fẫ e/k OHgf ―g tôj gígtfộ5

3kuh *hAA gfNg tf"y 1gf ,1gcb vH ěẫj f!g 3kuh *hAA hâOHgf ―g ěG gfNg tf"y &Egc t2j (vN OHgf ―g ěG gfNgtf"y 1gf ,1gc t mƲ[j gąm gky)b &By cj[ kgf tfƲ[gcu2gc #Ʋ%u_ f`t tfu2e I"g_ hâm gfogc vj.e tảmtfƲ[gc gf"t e/k euRe ě[j #Yj m~j ěîm t#ộ v: t#îgefuy$g \A hPk &ągc Duk fkj gcfHk ě<k_ v=j &Egc t2jfẫ 6f e/k gfogc eBy t#Ze &15

C„ g?+ W{ Ky e,t ebu tjîu g?y (^gc W\j tky mègftfè 4„ ,y W{ pf}gc 5ỻ ef+ e+g gcƲ*j f|g ? =lkul W{ pf}gc 5ỻ ef+ gƲPe @fëpi5

Ag#y MjhhA# ěj eảu tjîu vâ gfNg tf"y mRt vngc gƲ=ehkgc ě@gc t#Ʋ=e mẳt_ Ag#y MjhhA# ,ugc ,Ʋ=gc gcBy

gc"t gfNg vngc gƲ=e v=j ěôj mZt eg #Ygc5 Ag#yMjhhA# v}g ,u2t ě[j hâ U‾ gcẫe gfjîg_ gcẫe gfjîg tgccjBy 6f`t5 Ag#y MjhhA# vj$t mRt eu2g ,1ef gfkg ě:O] vâ yîu hẫji (-+ @kjgt #5 -+ 0+vl :ckjg)5 Ē2j v=jOHgf ―g_ v] engc hâ yîub gfNg tf"y ěôj mZt kgf_ tôj

•a



gfNg tf"y mZt e/k mRt gcƲ[j yîu eBm hẳgc5 OHgf ―gěG \By e"t \gc eảu tjîu e/k ě[j kgf &Wgc ěôj tkyt#gc mƲ[j gąm t#[j_ &By cj[ kgf Ufôgc \By e"t cN

gokb m~j ěîm kgf efV t#ảm hẳgc t#ộ v: t#gc &Egc t2jěj Duk fkj gcfHk ě<k5 7e t#kgf vH ěẫj gf"t e/k OHgf―g Ufôgc eE tîg_ mâ g$u gcƲ[j ě[j mu2g ěẳt tîg tfN

6fj c@j hâ f$t vâ 9Ʋ=ei (0k M#t At 0ŢAku)5

Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc ěG eE OHgf ―g ěễ v] mZt #Ygc5

0è gâ Bu t# h[j Ufôgc eảg tfj$t tẫj ěBy vâ &Bycj[5 >u1g 4ômA ěEgc ePk_ tôj &< gcƲ[j &Yj m[j v:5Tígf Tfễ e/k Rj ẫ ộ gcâj &Egc t2j t#îg ěƲ[gc

6f2 v: ěîm5 g gcƲ[j efV eảg 9z9 T―”5 4cj$t gcƲ[j mâ 9z9 T―” tfN v}g hâ vô tRj 9Ʋ=eěkgc ef1y5

(Oj$t tẫj 3k#j,_ ěîm \uBg_ vj$t ef ě— gf= efo F e/kfẫ ,H kUujg_ tfj:g ,Ʋ_ v< t e/k 6f1j 0Bm T$ ộ 9f+t7g_ gcƲ[j ěG fẫ efo 3fẫg F tfâgf #k mRt eg #Ygctugc t#[j_ gcƲ[j ěG Uj$g tígf Duk Oô tBm vâ Oô gj.m_t#gc Ē[j_ t#gc ẫ_ t#gc Ēẫb efƲ!gc eu2j gâyěƲ%e vj$t tẫj g!j mâ FgI#^ Mkh#ku\ ěG vj$t 0A Mu,Â

?mkcjgkj#A (0A, Oj\ Iu JjhAgeA) vâ t#gc Duyễg "y_g!j cảg eu2j ,1ef_ FgI#^ Mkh#ku\ eE jg Urm tfîm

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efjmpkgOA5 e/k h^mAgt ₨,,At (khhjmk#I \&5Claw)_ tk gj cj+g mu2g ějîg hîg5 9cây t#Ʋ=e_ Ufjvj$t eu2g @fj+5+pfjl trkcjqul_ h^mAgt ₨,,At egX tujb tƲ tƲộgc Ufôgc tfBm t#ảm_ gfƲgc v}g eE fâUfí mGgf hj.t e/k tuj t#‾b ěE hâ hL I ěG Ufj$g tkem m$g h^mAgt ₨,,Atb gfƲgc &By cj[_ ,ku Ufj ěGě+u tfẫe ,H t#j$t f@e vâ ěG tfâgf gcƲ[j h=g5 h^mAgt₨,,At vj$t t#j$t hL gfƲ vj$t &âj hu+g #‾ tj:g ef mRtf@e ,jgf t#ugc f@e ě. gf"t e"65 >uyễg 0lttrl 5ur l5efjmpkgOA5 efV ě1gc ěễ Iâgf ef UfV vƲ%g ě@e_ g$uhâj UfV vƲ%g &j$t ě@e efo 3f16£

g ?v FgI#jtef vâ ş#jef ›#mg_ &By cj[ tk tf"y

fkj tîg gây fâg tâg gg g=tb eg v: JmA#,AtMkucfkm_ FgI#^ jIA_ ›Î^#je JefmjIt_ FhIu\u\hAy_ Amjgc†ky_ ˘Akg-₨Ag^ ucuAgjg_ tk tf"yefV gîg hj.gc f@ vâ eảu tjîu eôgc eRgc5 M=j ěBy_ tkě@e \gc Duyễg : R+vk(l alk5t e/k Amjgc†ky_tk &uYg mu2g UfEe ěƲ%e5 T"t e gfogc gc@g hPkě:u tZt ěE hâ &j U<ef e/k tfjîg tâj5 MRt hảg gok_ tk

hẫj fjễu tfîm #p #âgc L gcfHk efuy$g &Q ěj e/k₨jm&kuI5

g t#Ʋ[gc f%6 ›kuhUgA#_ 9jU, *k#ƟkgtƟkUj,_*k{Uk_ Jk#ykg_ Tfmk, ‗h{A_ ˘Akg-3kuh Jk#t#A tfN

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tk ěG It g% v=j f@ #Yj_ gfogc tîg gây efV ě1gc &Qvâ mRt \E t2j ộ eôgc eRgc_ Iâgf #jîgc ef gfogcm ěâg &â eE efPk_ Iâgf #jîgc ef ěâg &â ě@e gfogc

hè ,Z6 ,jgf eg fky gfogc hè ef[ efYgc ěj \k t#ộv:5 Tk Ufôgc 6fj hâ ěâg &âb tk \jg cPj gfogc tîg"y v: ef ěâg &â5

g v: Tfj:g tôgc_ 9jAtƟ,efA vâ AjIAccA# tfN tktfkgf t1g \gc m"y tf1gc gky5 Tk cPj Tfj:g tôgcvâ mRt 6fgc &N t2j Ufqg ě: ě<k efV e/k &"t e mRtgcôj efk gâ ộ tf$ cj=j gây_ gfƲ gcôj efk vâgc e/kvąg ,H ”uUj Mj,fjmk ộ 9f+t 7g5 O: 9jAtƟ,efA_ tkcPj 9jAtƟ,efA v: mRt tu vj.g Tfjîg f`k cj1b egAjIAccA# tfN tk ej gfƲ hâ mRt tîg ěEgc U<ef tâj &k_ěEgc U<ef mâ v}g &j$t hâ mNgf ěEgc U<ef_ gfƲgc tkěG ef1g \Am U<ef5 Ē@e eu2g Uljg ugd >ljt e/k

AjIAccA# ě$g m"y mƲ!j hảg_ tk efV tf"y AjIAccA#hâ U‾ cjj &uYg ef tk mRt e1ef Uˁ tf` vâ gfogchè tk Ufôgc mu2g gc/ mâ efV mu2g tfe ěễ gf=ě$g ěk eg c1j mâ tk yîu hảg ěảu tjîg_ tîg hâƲ!gc_ mâ Ʋ!gc tfN Ufôgc &k cj[ &j$t tk ěG Ufv: eô gâgc cảg C gąm gkyb eô gâgc tîg tfe hâ >u$Ʋ!gcb Ufj ě@e Uljg ugd >ljt e/k AjIAccA#_ ě@e efo

Uljg #k hâ FƲ|gc 5 g t#Ʋ[gc f%6 fk#hA, fk6hjgtfN tk engc Ufôgc eg tf"y eƲ[j ěƲ%e gfƲ t#Ʋ=e5Tj$gc eƲ[j e/k fk#ht efV hâ mRt tj$gc UfEe h+tgcƲ%eb tk efV mu2g eƲ[j hâ eƲ[j_ UfEe hâ UfEe_ efUfôgc h+t \uôj fky h+t gcƲ%e5

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fV eg mRt gcƲ[j Iuy gf"t mâ tk v}g Uígf m$g_tfƲ!gc yîu vâ Duí 6fè ě$g egc ěRb gcƲ[j "y hâ

Ag#y MjhhA#_ gąm gky v}g eg ,2gc_ ,Z6 ě$g |w tuj#Yj5

Tk ef #Wgc Ag#y MjhhA# hâ tfjîg tâj vH ěẫj gf"t e/ke Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc vâ TBy 6fƲ!gc t#gc ,u2t &k &2ggcâg gąm vąg f1 gfBg hẫj5 Tk ef #Wgc Ag#yMjhhA# vH ěẫj f!g 0G TP_ ^#kehjtA_ 3k#m^gjIA vâşm6ÎehA5

9fƲ mây engc ěG &j$t #Wgc tk ěG cẳ6 Ag#y MjhhA#tẫj khj{#gjk ộ uî *ˁ_ Ag#y MjhhA# gEj #Wgc tk hâ₨jm&kuI ěảu tfkj hẫj tf$ U¶ gây£ Tk Ufôgc vuj_engc Ufôgc &uYg_ vN tk t &j$t #Wgc tk hâ kj vâ tk

v}g gcfH #Wgc efV eE tk m=j eE tfễ hâm gfogc cN mâ₨jm&kuI efƲk hâm ěƲ%e5

O: Ag#y MjhhA#_ tk mu2g gEj hîg h[j tjîg t#j t2j f+u_t gąm efe gąm gok t#ộ ěj tfN Ag#y MjhhA# ,] gffƲộgc Io IRj ě$g gfBg hẫj eg f!g ˘A,u, f#j,t gffƲộgc ě$g TBy 6fƲ!gc fky 3f+t Tfíef k gf fƲộgc

ě$g Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc5 0[j tjîg t#j e/k tk gfƲ hPk ě1gfvâ m1ub tk mgc mây ,2gc Ikj vâ ,] tf"y gfogc cNtk &1 t#Ʋ=e fôm gky5

Tf[j cjkg tk ộ uî *ˁ_ tk ěG &Q f@e_ vN tk tf"y

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gfogc t#Ʋ[gc ěẫj f@e mâ tk f@e_ gfƲ t#Ʋ[gc ěẫj f@e”khA vâ hum&jk efV tâg hâ gfogc g!j ,g \u"tgfogc tfWgc gcu \uqgb gcky ě$g gfogc cj1 ,Ʋ e/k

tk efV hâ gfogc tfWgc gcu \uqg gf"t ě[jb tk eE tfễIẫy f@ gfj:u f!g hâ f@ Iẫy tk5 >uk 3f16_ tk ěG,2gc gcfr ěEj tf$ gâ tfN mây engc ěG &j$t #p #Yjbgfogc hè tk gWm gc/ tẫj gfogc vVk fr 3k#j, vâgfogc ěîm ěôgc ěEj hẫgf_ gfogc hè ěEj Uf gfƲv+y_ tk v}g eg em tf"y ,ugc ,Ʋ=gc f!g hâ gcYjgcfA m"y tfWgc cj1 ,Ʋ ěẫj f@e ”khA fky hum&jkcjgc ef tk gcfA v: F#j,ttA fky AcAh_ v:AjIAccA# fky ^#kehjtA5 Tk ě@e AjIAccA# fky^#kehjtA &Wgc m1u v=j gƲ=e mZtb eg m"y tfWgccj1 ,Ʋ "y efV ě@e &Wgc ěôj mZt e+g tf<£ 9fogc tfWgc"y fjễu cN v: tƲ tƲộgc mâ eE tfễ Iẫy tk 7By cj[g$u eE 3f+t Tfíef k fky f`k jî,u fj.g #k ěgc

cjgc t#Ʋ=e mẳt tk_ tk engc ef;gc gcfA tfA gok5Tk efV Iẫy tk_ tk hâ f@e t# e/k tk vâ engc efV eEtk hâ hâm tfảy ef tk5 Tk Ufôgc mu2g hâm tfảy kjf$t vâ tk engc Ufôgc ěễ kj hâm tfảy tk5 9$u tk &j$t#Wgc tk hâ tfWgc gcu tfN tk ,] ěqy e1j gcu tk efě$g t+g egc_ mây gcfA #p efƲk

Tk hâ tf$ gâ tfN tk ěễ hâ tf$ "y_ tk tfky ěj tfA, tfky ěj t gfjîg e/k ě[j tk_ tk ,2gc tfN tk,2gc_ tk ef$t tfN tk ef$t_ tk ,% tfN tk ,%_ tk Ufôgc,% tfN Ufôgc ,%5

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1ef ěBy m"y tf1gc_ tk ěG ěƲk mây ěj ě$g JDuk#A₨k66 ěễ cẳ6 *#j,fgkmu#tjb tk gcfH #Wgc*#j,fgkmu#tj ,] cj`6 ě— mây gfj:u_ cj`6 ě— mây t#ộ

hẫj mây_ t#ộ hẫj , eô ě!g egc ee e/k efígf ě[j mâyěễ mây ěgc t hƲ[gc cẫt mây &Wgc mRt m= fNgfgf_ mRt m= Ikgf t tfjîgc hjîgc vâ ek ,jîu5 9câyt#Ʋ=e_ tk tfƲ[gc ef^6 hẫj gfogc Duyễg ,1ef e/k*#j,fgkmu#tj ěễ eE tfễ ěj vâ L tfe e/k*#j,fgkmu#tj mRt e1ef ,Bu ,Ze f!g_ gfƲgc &By cj[tk engc tf"y Ufôgc eg mu2g gcfA *#j,fgkmu#tjgok_ tk tf"y g^t mẳt e/k *#j,fgkmu#tj fky g^t mẳte/k J#j Fu#&jgI hâ g~j DuWg Duẫj egc ěR e/kgfogc gcƲ[j ef<u ěEgc ějgf cjok hgc ě[j5

Tk ěG ef$t m1u t#îg eBy tf+6 cj1_ &By cj[ tk fYj,jgf_ tk efV ef[ hè gâ m@e e1gf tfN ,] &ky m"t5

Mây hâ mRt tfWgc tfj ,H gcfr gâgb tk efV m=j DuAgmây eE m"y tf1gc gky_ gfƲgc mây ěG ě2j ěGj v=j tkgfƲ #uRt tf<tb eE h] vN euRe ě[j mây ěG mkgc Du1gfj:u t/j gfe ěku Uf e/k 2 tf;m_ gîg mây ěGgf+g #k tk vâ tk engc gf+g #k mây5 Mây ěG guôjIƲ—gc tk &Wgc tBm fYg t#gc ,ẫef tf! mRgc e/k

mây_ ef;gc gfogc tf$_ mây engc eg efẫy ěj vky tj:gěễ guôj IƲ—gc tk &Wgc gfogc &k tfu2e ku+j5l5_gfogc &uj ąg t#Ʋk vâ efj:u_ gfogc ěîm ,ky #Ʋ%ut#1e t1gc ộ 3jckhhA fky gfogc ěîm Ufuyk t#y hẫe ộJt#k,&u#c Jt5 4Agj,_ gfogc &uj efj:u hkgc tfkgc hî

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h$t Duk vƲ[g 0u\Am&u#c_ gfogc efj:u mBy t#Zgcfkgc mkgc IƲ=j gfâ tf[ Jkjgt A#mkjg IA, 3#^,_gfogc &uj eâ 6fî ěAg ěZgc tjm ộ Mgt6k#gk,,A vâ

gfogc ěîm #Ʋ%u ěQ mƲk mAg t#îg gfogc fr 6f2 DuîgcƲ[j5

9ky mkj_ tk ,] #[j &Q 3k#j, ěễ hkgc tfkgc ě$g ě"t t#[j8 Ēẫj 0%j_ y 0ẫ6 fky TBy Tẫgc fky &"t e mRt cjjě"t m! fY gâ ộ eu2j t#1j ě"t_ tk v}g eg cjo hẫj mâu\1m ě+m ěâ ộ 3k#j,_ t#gc ěE eE mâu e/k ěôj mZtmây_ ěôj mZt gPk ěîm gPk gcây e/k ‡ tf3e mPj_ e/kmRt tf mBy mkj vk fj.g t#îg &ảu t#[j ,Z6 ,1gc_mRt Ufugc t#[j mƲgc m/i gfƲ mRt hảg mây ěG c@jtf$_ 6fj Ufôgc 9f5 Tky 9câg

3k#j,_ gcây Cl tf1gc • gąm Claa

; [j_u tƲ0gc vị fớ tfẵm t,=gc tƲ tƲộgcGc,Uugk

25 $ớj tƲ0gc eợk Oukg Bt

fo quëg fky qukg hâ mRt efo Dukg t#@gc t#gc tƲtƲộgc 3f+t cj15 >u1g hâ \Am_ gfNg \Am mRt e1efef` L5 -rugc Euëg t#gc -rugc Euëg 0u]g hâ Du1gv: -rugc _ gcfHk hâ Euëg oj2t (?g5

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Ē@e hẫj efƲ!gc O_ e/k -rugc Euëg 0u]g_ 6fảgEuëg oj2t (?g

ofƲ%e gf,t tfj2t pfëp 4f\gcD &\ 5kgf v\ djt cj6

F? W+.g f? 5ộ djtD ofj KƲgc vj oj2t (?gˁ

Ē2j tƲ%gc e/k Du1g ,1t efígf hâ Du1g ,1tb ě2j tƲ%gcefígf hâ &jễu tƲ%gcb &jễu tƲ%gc efV 2 tf;m &Wgceg ěƲ[gc I<ef f1 6f16 7jễu tƲ%gc Ufôgc 6fj hâ2 tf;m t#îg &Ngf Ij.g Te Ē$ (,kmv#tj-,ktyk)b &jễutƲ%gc t 6f1 f/y &jễu tƲ%gc ěễ gfy tf;gc vâ 2tf;m t#îg &Ngf Ij.g fBg ě$ (6k#kmâ#tfk-,ktyk)b 2tf;m efígf hâ gf,t tfj2t _ gEj #p f!g efígf hâ gf,ttfj2t pfëp mâ gf,t tfj2t pfëp efígf hâ 4f\gc ,gyk5

Bu ěảu e/k &âj U. ěẳt hîg ě2j tƲ%gc e/k , Du1g ,1tvâ ěYgc tf[j 6f1 f/y efígf ě2j tƲ%gc "y_ vN ě2jtƲ%gc hâ 9j$t &âg mâ 9j$t &âg Ufôgc 6fj hâ ě2jtƲ%gc 9j$t &âg efV hâ 9j$t &âg Ufj ě2j tƲ%gc_ &jễutƲ%gc_ fNgf tƲ%gc_ gf tƲ%gc ěG ěƲ%e 6f1 f/y tâgt#j.t5

Bu ěảu efk ěgc t"t e L gcfHk e/k -rugc Euëg 0u]gJ Ngf,t tfj2t pfëp 4f\gcH"

9f"t tfj$ti I<ef #k efo 3fẫg hâ Jk#vk 6f16i te hâ

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Ifk#mki_ Ufôgci hâ Ugyki5 7k efo Jk#vki_Ifk#mki vâ Jgyki hâ &k efo Dukg t#@gc t#gc tƲtƲộgc 3f+t cj15

Bu ěảu cYm gąm efo

NofƲ%e gf,t tfj2t pfëp 4f\gcH"

fo Dukg t#@gc gf"t t#gc eBu t#îg hâ efo gfƲ%ei eEgcfHk hâ ví &Wgci gEj hîg tígf e1ef cj ě<gf e/k gcôgt_ e/k &jễu tƲ%gc5

Ē2j tƲ%gc e/k Du1g ,1t ěƲ%e \By Igc t#îg , cjě<gf e/k &jễu tƲ%gc_ eu e1gf e/k , cj ě<gf "y hât 6f1 f/y tígf e1ef cj ě<gf vâ cj Ikgf ěễ gfytf;gc vâ 2 tf;m e/k efBg hL5

fo quëg t#gc quëg gj2t (?g mkgc L gcfHk fuy:g &í_ cảg cảg gfƲ efo vj5j+g my5tjqul e/k TBy 6fƲ!gcfẳe efo vj# e/k TAjhfk#I IA fk#Ijg (e{5 0l Rjjlu

=jvjg_ şIjtjg, Iu JAujh_ Clw|_ t#kgc Xw)5

?5 C gcfk eợk t=.g tf_

fo gf"t tfj$ti (t"t e_ f$t tfy) cảg L gcfHk lg pëgtki e/k ^#kehjtAb t#gc &âj -$g tm mjgf e/k tTągc 1g e/k Tfj:g tôgc_ ef`gc tk tf"y gf,t tfj2t

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ěƲ%e ě<gf gcfHk #p #âgc gfƲ vảy

gf"t te gf"t tfj$t

gf"t tfj$t te gf"t5

Tâg tfễi ộ ěBy Ufôgc eE gcfHk gEj efugc t"t e e1etfễ ěBy hâ 2 tf;m 6fBg efjk , Uf1e gfku cjok

9BcB#Kugk vâ AcAh (e{5 @fAg+mAg++cjl dl Ll5prjt _eu2g ?_ &g I<ef e/k y66hjtA_ t#5C•)b gf,t tfj2t ộěBy efígf hâ Tígfb efígf eBu ěảu t#gc &âj U. ěG gEj#p hâ gf"t tfj$t 6f16ib I ěE gf"t tfj$ti efígf hâTígf_ T1gfb gf"t tfj$t 6f16i efígf hâ 3f16 T1gf_3f16 Tígf5

5; TƲ)gc tf_ cjk AfA v. fôgc

9f"t tfj$t 6f16 Ufôgci eE gcfHk hâ 6f16 t1gf hâUfôgcib gEj Uf1e ěj_ -ëgf hâ Cf\gc _ mâ @fëp engchâ Cf\gc 5 TƲ!gc tf$ cjok @fëp vâ Cf\gc hâ tƲ!gctf$ cjok Cf\gc vâ Cf\gc b gEj Uf1e ěj hâ Cf\gc e/k

Cf\gc fky Cf\gc Cf\gc (Jgyktk-Jgyktk)

4; E=g ěƲờgc eợk !j_u tƲ0gc

g ěƲ[gc e/k &jễu tƲ%gc efV eE cj1 t#< t#îg tfe t$b &jễu tƲ%gc hâ fNgf gfb eg ěƲ[gc engc hâ fNgf gfb

Cl



eg ěƲ[gc e/k -rugc Euëg 0u]g hâ fNgf gf e/k 2tf;m_ mâ 2 tf;m tfN fâg tâg ,jîu vj.t_ Ufôgc 6fjhâ fNgf gfb I ěE t"t e eg ěƲ[gc_ t"t e &jễu tƲ%gc_

t"t e fNgf gf ě:u hâ gfogc cj=j fẫg e/k ě[j ,2gc Ltfeb gfogc cj=j fẫg "y mộ 6fƲ!gc t#[j ef tôj tf"y2 tf;m_ ef tôj \Am_ ef` L \Am &g hkj Ij.g mei&R mẳt tfei e/k tôj efígf hâ 9j$t &âgb quëg oj2t(?g te hâ cjj 6fEgc tâg t#j.t_ Ufôgc eg 6fj &<t#Ej &uRe vâ &jễu tƲ%gc_ Ufôgc eg 6fj ěj t#îg &"te mRt eg ěƲ[gc gâ f$t_ I hâ eg ěƲ[gc efBg hL5

<; [j_u tƲ0gc vị Gj-t !.g

Tẫj ,k c@j hâ 9j$t &âg_ tẫj ,k hẫj c@j tîg ef e1jUfôgc eE vâ Ufôgc tîg *fôgc ,jgf Ufôgc Ij.t tfN tẫj

,k 6fj W+.g mâ tẫj ,k gEj ě$g 5ộ djt 5 Gy ěễ Lefo f? t#gc eBu

f? ěẫg f? ,ộ Ij.tgfj \Ʋgc vj 9j$t &âg

fo f? hâ efo Dukg t#@gc ě1gf I"u , t#ộ v: e/k &jễu

tƲ%gc t#gc ,Bg Uf"u &jễu tƲ%gcb efo f? (hâm ,k_tf$ gâ_ ěBu) engc Ufôgc eE hL I tYg tẫj_ vN 9j$t

&âg engc gfƲ ě1 fYgc e/k gfâ tfảg &í FgcAhu,JjhA,ju, mâ AjIAccA# Igc mộ 6fƲ!gc t#[j ef tƲtƲộgc t#gc Duyễg @rjgejpl dl Ikj5+g ěễ 6f1 f/y

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gcuyîg tZe_ ěj vâ 9cuyîg hL e/k efígf tj$g t#Ngf &jễu tƲ%gc ěễ ěƲk Tígf tfễ gfy vâ 2 tf;m UljgJdlr :(crugd i (e{5 AjIAccA#_ =lr UktO v+m rugd _

9A,UA_ 3{uhhjgcAg_ Clw|_ 65l)5

9j$t &âg Ufôgc eg hâ &jễu tƲ%gc_ c@j hâ 9j$t &âg hâc@j tîg ef e1j cN Ufôgc tîg mâ engc ef;gc eE tfetfễ (&fâvk,ugyktâ)_ mâ engc Ufôgc vô tfễ(k&fâvk,gyktâ)5

*$t hu+g tfN oj2t (?g efV hâ ofƲ%e_ mâ ofƲ%e efígfhâ cj ě<gf_ cj Ikgf_ vN tf$ efo 3fẫg eE efo6k#kmâ#tfk-,gyktâi ěễ efV #Wgc 9j$t &âg 4f\gc e7tfỻe_ mâ Ufôgc eE tfe Ufôgc eE gcfHk hâ 4f\gc e7_vN v2g hâ v\ 5jgf vâ v\ djt _ gEj c@g hẫj hâ

gf"t tfj$t 6f16 Ufôgci5

mâ efo 3fẫg hâ,k#vkIfk#mk,gyktâi

TEm tZt hẫj mRt e1ef mBu tfu}g vâ ,jîu hL tfN &jễutƲ%gc v: 9j$t &âg engc efígf hâ 9j$t &âg5

\; [Qgc tớj eợk fớ tfẵm

1e gcâj mgc ě%j gfogc cN 9cky &By cj[_ gcky

CCC



6f`t gây_ tẫj ěBy_ e1e gcâj mgc ě%j gfogc cNf`gc tk eE ěkgc 5ớgc Ufôgc E fj.g ,jgfiUfôgc E 6fj ef`gc tk ěG ,2gc Du1 IS IGj Ufôgc

f`gc tk ,% mRt ě[j ,2gc hƲ—gc h5

J2gc hâ ,2gc hƲ—gc h_ gc+6 gcgc_ I I5 3fjhƲ—gc h_ 6fj fâg tâg hƲ—gc h t#gc euRe ,2gc5$t hƲ—gc h hâ &Zt ěảu f$t ,1gc tẫb f$t hƲ—gc h hâ#!j vâ , gf"t ě<gf_ &< t#Ej &uRe vâ L gj.m_ f$thƲ—gc h hâ &Zt ěảu efẫy ě:u gfƲ mRt m1y ěj.g_ &Ztěảu ěj tf;gcb ,2gc hâ ěj vgc_ hkgc tfkgc_ ěj DukgfDuqg_ ef Ufôgc 6fj ěj tf;gc eg ěƲ[gc tZt hâ egěƲ[gc e/k gcƲ[j tảm tfƲ[gcb gcƲ[j ,1gc tẫ hâgcƲ[j hkgc tfkgc hƲ—gc h t#îg mRt eg ěƲ[gc tfeIâj_ eg ěƲ[gc Dukgf e_ eg ěƲ[gc Ufôgc v: tfâgf

6f2_ eg ěƲ[gc &ągc Duk #gc_ Duk ,u2j_ Duk g`j ekb

eg ěƲ[gc v: y MG 0ẫ6 ,!g_ Ufôgc 6fj y MG0ẫ6 ,!g e/k TBy Tẫgc5 mâ hâ y MG 0ẫ6 ,!g e/k g~jhƲ—gc h vô &jîg t#gc tBm fYgb eg gcƲ[j gc+6gcgc hƲ—gc h hâ U‾ ěj t#gc ěîm t2j vâ hè &k cj[Ufuyk_ t#îg mRt eg ěƲ[gc vô t+g_ eg ěƲ[gc Ufôgcě<gf fƲ=gc_ eg ěƲ[gc yîu mk_ eg ěƲ[gc efîgfvîgf cjok mRt gcâg f2 tf;m5

Gy ě+6 g t"t e gcôj ,k t#îg t#[j ěễ ef &Egc t2jhâm mRt v=j eg ěƲ[gc_ fGy ě+6 g fkj eg mZt ěễfkj &âg efBg t#ộ tfâgf eg ěƲ[gc e/k &Egc t2jb t"t e1gf ,1gc ě:u hƲ[gc cẫtb t"t e mẳt t#[j_ mẳt t#ągc_ t"t

CCX



e gcôj ,k ě:u hâ U‾ tf e/k gcƲ[j ,1gc tẫ5 *‾ ,1gctẫ hâ U‾ ěj mRt mNgf t#gc hƲ—gc h egc ee5 J2gchƲ—gc h hâ ,2gc hj:u hHgf_ ,2gc &ẫt mẫgc_ ,2gc hƲ—gc

h hâ &Ʋ=e ěj I I}m vâ L tfe ě$g ěR ět cBg m1u#Wgc m~j &Ʋ=e efBg hâ mRt f2 tf;m Ufôgc ě1yb efVeảg mRt cjBy_ mRt tj$gc tíef tZe_ mRt tj$gc ě+6 tjm hâeuRe ě[j &j$g tfâgf Tígf M.gf vâ , ef$t hâ eP efVeu2j egc_ ěYgc tf[j engc hâ eP efV ěảu tjîg_ eP efV,1gc tẫ ěảu tjîg e/k t"t e tfjîg tâj_ e/k t"t e eggcƲ[j gcf. ,H t#îg mẳt ě"t gây5

J2gc hƲ—gc h hâ gEj "m =_ gEj "6 `gc_ gEj Ufôgc #kh[j_ vN , IjSg ěẫt efV hâ IjSg ěẫt fou fNgf_ &îg gcâjfou fNgf hâ vô fNgfb tfj ,H hâ gcƲ[j hƲ—gc h &Ʋ=e ějv=j vô fNgfb tfj ,H hâ gcƲ[j gEj Ufôgc #k h[j mâ v}g

6fj gEjb gEj t#ôj efy_ gEj tfôgc ,u2t #p #âgc_ gEj IS

Iâgc hâ efV &Ʋ=e ěj t#îg eg ěƲ[gc tZt_ gcfHk hâUfôgc eg hƲ—gc h5 4 ěE_ gcôg gco t#ộ tfâgf Igce vâ &j$g tfâgf mRt m= mYm m^6 &k fk hj gfjbgcƲ[j tk gEj vâ gEj Du1 IS Iâgc_ eE tfễ gEj v: &"t ee1j cN vâ h[j gEj ěG t#ộ tfâgf tuyîg t#uy:g vâ t"t egfogc IjSg cj_ t"t e gfogc tfuy$t t#Ngf vjîg efV hâgfogc U‾ Dugc e1 #‾ tj:g vâ eg gcƲ[j ,jgf #k ě[j

t#gc gôgc eẫg_ hâm vj.e t#gc gôgc eẫg_ ,2gc t#gcgôgc eẫg vâ ef$t ěj t#gc gôgc eẫg5

3fj ,2gc hƲ—gc h_ 6fj gEj Ufôgc #k h[j_ 6fj gEj"m =_ gEj "6 `gc_ 6fj gEj UfE Ufąg gfƲ tf$ tfN gEj

CC



m=j hâ eP efV t2j f+u_ gEj m=j hâ , efjgf 6fe e/k Ltfe_ gEj m=j hâ &Ʋ=e ěj cjok fƲ vô vâ t#îg 2 tf;m_eE tfễ tfN gEj m=j eE gcfHk &< ěẳt t#Ʋ=e , ,2gc vâ ,

ef$t_ eE tf$ 9côg 9co m=j t#ộ tfâgf tfjîgc hjîgc_ 9côg 9co m=j hâ 9cuyîg 9côg_ m=j hâ h[j gEj ěảutjîg vâ eu2j egc e/k mRt gcƲ[j eô ě!g egc ee_e/k mRt gcƲ[j ěG ,2gc vâ ef$t egc ěR eągc tf;gctfảg Ujgf_ e/k mRt gcƲ[j mâ L tfe fZg g tugc gfƲmRt t#j.u mẳt t#[j ef"g ěRgc5

1e gcâj ě%j mgc gfogc cN

Tôj Ufôgc gEj v: tƲ tƲộgc fj.g ,jgf m=j vâ tƲ tƲộgcTfj:g e/k gfEm 7AktgjU, ộ #AAg†jef OjhhkcA vâ ộJkjgt A#mkjg IA, 3#^,5 Tôj Ufjgf &V gfEm 7AktgjU,btôj Ufjgf &V t"t e tfj:g ,Ʋb tôj Ufjgf &V t"t e t#j$t hL

fj.g ,jgf5 Tôj Ufôgc gEj vZ mRt ě: tâj_ mâ tôj efígf? ě: tâj5 Tôj \jg m[j e1e gcâj hâm mRt v=j ě: tâj_ e1egcâj Ufôgc 6fj gcfA v: fj.g ,jgf m=j vâ Tfj:g_ mâe1e gcâj h? fj.g ,jgf m=j vâ Tfj:g_ vN t"t e L gcfHkt2j f+u e/k tƲ tƲộgc fj.g ,jgf m=j vâ tƲ tƲộgc Tfj:ghâ gWm gcky cj[ 6f`t gây_ tẫj g!j ěByb cj[ 6f`t gây hâcj[ 6f`t tuy.t ě2j hjgf tfjîgc_ gcƲ[j gEj vâ gcƲ[j

gcfA efV hâ mRt gcƲ[j_ e1e gcâj gEj t#gc tôj vâ tôjgcfA t#gc e1e gcâj5

1e gcâj ěkgc gcfA gfogc cN

CCs



T"t e ef`gc tk ě:u Ufôgc &j$t gcfAb gcfA Ufôgc eEgcfHk hâ ěễ ěYgc L fky &"t ěYgc L_ ěễ 6f/ gf+g fkyef"6 gf+gb gcfA Ufôgc eE gcfHk hâ 6fî 6f1g_ gcfA

Ufôgc 6fj hâ ěễ , ,1gf gfogc cN ộ fj.g tẫj v=jgfogc cN mNgf ěG fNgf Iugc ộ Du1 Uf5 J2gc hƲ—gch eE gcfHk &j$t gcfA_ gcfA g~j ef$t t#Ʋ[g mNgf Duke! tfễ_ gcfA tj$gc Yg â e/k e! Ufí ěkgc tâg 6f1 &ảut#[j vâ t#1j ě"t_ gcfA , ,% fGj gc t#< t#gc eg gcƲ[jvâ &j$g eg gcƲ[j tfâgf mRt e1j cN &ảg tj.g gf"t_ \"u\k gf"t t#îg ě[j5

1e gcâj eE ěkgc ,2gc ,% fGj Ufôgc 1e gcâj ,% IƲhu+g_ e1e gcâj ,% gcƲ[j tk gcfH v: e1e gcâj gfƲ tf$gây_ tf$ Ujkb e1e gcâj ,% gfâ t_ ,% 1m ,1t_ ,% tkj gẫg_,% tf"t &ẫjb e1e gcâj ,% ějîg hẫg_ ,% m"t DuBg &Ngf_e1e gcâj ,% gcuy fjễm_ ,% ef$t5 1e gcâj eE I1m hk

mNgf \u2gc 2 tf;m fky Ufôgc 1e gcâj eE I1mhk mNgf \u2gc g`j hPk fky Ufôgc 2 tf;m ěByefígf hâ f2 tf;m e/k tBm fYg mNgf_ g`j hPk ěBy efígfhâ g`j hPk fgc fe e/k L tfe mNgf5 g ěƲ[gc ějě$g t I tâg t#j.t hâ eg ěƲ[gc hk \u2gc f2 tf;mvâ g`j hPk5 fV Ufj gâ ef`gc tk I1m hj:u hHgf_ I1m

&ẫt mẫgc_ I1m yîu f2 tf;m_ I1m yîu g`j hPk_ efV hè

"y ef`gc tk m=j ěƲ%e m@e e1gf vâ m=j ěƲ%e fƲộgcmk g ,k gcBy gc"t t#gc 6fƲ!gc t#[j mBy ěAgtuy.t ě2j vâ vô fẫg5

(7âj gây ě1gc h] ěG ěƲ%e ě@e hẫj tẫj Oj.g Ēẫj f@e

CCw



Oẫg ẫgf ěễ mộ ěảu gjîg Uf1 cjgc Iẫy T#j$t hL t¶cj1_ gfƲgc gf[ mRt e!g Uf/gc fgc tBm tƲ_ t#gc

&uj IjSg tfuy$t "y_ tôj ěG gEj "m = Uf1e ěj fâg tâg

ěễ t#1gf ef tfígf cj UfQj #!j vâ 2 tf;m e/k Ʋvô mâ tfj:g ,Ʋ 9cR ―g ộ tf[j 0L c@j hâ 4j.u TígfƲ Oôi5)

\; Fớ tfẵm eợk efj-g t,kgf Ou( fƲ)gc

Ēễ tfu tf+6 tfîm gfogc L Uj$g_ gfogc em gcfH v:CX gąm 6fBg hy_ &kg ef/ &jîg Ē2j Tfẫj ěG efjk gfkuě$g 6fQgc v"g mRt ,2 gfogc gfBg v+t ěẫj &jễu efgfj:u Ufuygf fƲ=gc efígf t#<_ gfj:u tảgc h=6 \G fRjộ ěBy_ vâ \jg t# h[j v: ě: me

• 9cuyîg gfBg e/k , 6fBg hyb•

+u Du e/k , 6fBg hyb• uRe efj$g fj.g gky eE tfễ cjj Duy$t ěƲ%e v"g

ě: 6fBg hy fky Ufôgc

(e{5 gcuy.t ,kg Ēớj -f+.j I ,jgf vjîg Oąg Ufk Jâjg ef/ t#Ʋ!gc_ ,2 mk uBg Cla|_ t#kgc •w-CX)5

t#îg hâ &k eBu fQj e/k gcuy.t ,kg Ēớj -f+.j v:efj$g t#kgf Duî fƲ!gc5

Ē2j v=j efj$g t#kgf Duî fƲ!gc_ tƲ tf$ e/k tôj ěG ěƲ%eIjSg &ây fkj hảg &Wgc Fgf gco

CCa



C5 t#gc Duyễg =jk+cul_ v=j gfkg ě: hâ -fl+gt++cjek (ke4cr+ugd +G tfl prl5lgt kr jg&jltgkm Mkg +plg lttlr t+ Flgry RjlrTb

X5 t#gc tẫ6 efí -jg -Ʋộgc ộ 3k#j, vâ gąm Claa_v=j gfkg ě: hâ Rldjktj+g up+g tfl &jltgkml5l9kr 5

0ảg t# h[j gây hâ hảg tf &k vâ engc hâ hảg eu2j egcbt ěBy t#ộ ěj_ tôj ěG It Uf1t v=j efj$g t#kgf Oj.t

9km_ efj$g t#kgf Oj.t 9km ěG ef"m It t#gc hgc

tôj vâ engc ěG ef"m It t fkj gcâg gąm t#ąm gąmt#Ʋ=e vâ hè Fgk\jmkgI#A &Zt ěảu Ufkj mộ m+tgcfHk e/k efo kIjUjki t#gc tƲ tƲộgc TBy 6fƲ!gcbfkj gcâg gąm t#ąm gąm t#ôj Duk t#gc h<ef ,P gfBghẫj vâ m+t gcfHk e/k efo kIjUjki v}g gWm t#gc t2j_vN tf$ efj$g t#kgf hkg #Rgc tâg 6f1 UfZ6 fâg eảu_ mâefV eE IBg Oj.t 9km hâ gẫg gfBg t#ảm t#@gc gf"t_ &ộjvN gco tfễ e/k efo 9ôm hẫj hâ m}u t 0k tjgf vâ efkěgc t"t e tj:m he ef euRe tfí ějễm e/k U´ tfu+tvâ e! Ufí5 7By cj[ tôj ěG gfNg tf"y #Wgc tôj ěkgctfkm I mRt t#+g efj$g t#kgf eg tâg Uf2e c"6 mRtt#j.u hảg t#+g efj$g ộ Oj.t 9kmb ěE hâ t#+g efj$g t#gctBm fYg t#Ʋ=e 2 tf;m vô fNgf_ mâ ₨jm&kuI c@j hâ

t#+g efj$g tBm hjgfi (e{5 :djlu jg ug Ukj5+g lg BgGlr )5

9cƲ[j gâ mu2g ě1gf cjẳe ộ Oj.t 9km tfN e ě1gfcjẳe_ gfƲgc \jg ě1gf cjẳe v=j tjgf tfảg e/k

CC|



fkckvkdcjt5 Oâ ěBy hâ mRt m+t gco Uf1e &Wgc efo3fẫg_ t#íef t ěẫg • efƲ!gc ?? e/k fkckvkdcjt

,uUfkIuUfA ,kmA U#jvBhB&fBhB&fku KkyBKkykutkt yuIIfByk yuKyk,vkgkjŢvkm 6B6km kvB6,yk,j

Ēẫg 3fẫg gco ộ t#îg vâ efo kIjUjki e/kFgk\jmkgI#A hâ gfogc m+t gco e/k Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc vâTBy 6fƲ!gc_ vN tf$ Ufôgc gîg I<ef #k efo Oj.tUfôgc gîg &j$g ěj m+t gco tfâgf fjễg gco5 M+t gcoefV eE tfễ t#ộ tfâgf fjễg gco Ufj gâ eg gcƲ[jUfôgc eg efẫy t#2g 2 tf;m5

Jku ěBy hâ h[j t# h[j e/k tôj ě2j v=j gfogc eBu fQj

e/k gcuy.t ,kg Ēớj -f+.j5 T# h[j gfƲgc Ufôgc t#h[j cN e_ gfƲgc tfe , tfN ěG t# h[j t"t e_ vN h[j gEjěG ěƲ%e ěẳt v: yîg gcuyîg e/k tâg tfễ vąg mjgfgfBg hẫj5 fV tj$e hâ gcƲ[j ěẳt eBu fQj hẫj hâ gcƲ[jUfôgc &j$t e1ef fQj_ engc gfƲ t"t e gfogc 6fEgcvjîg &1 efí ě:u hâ gfogc gcƲ[j Ufôgc &j$t fQj_ &ộjvN gcôg gco ěG ,k ěẫ t#ộ tfâgf Igc e ef tfôgc

tjg vâ Ufôgc eg hâ tj$gc v@gc fA f`t gcâg ě[j e/kf2 tf;m5 71 efí hâ g!j gcƲ[j tk &k fk hj gfj_ U$t

&r h+6 gfEm_ hągc mẫ_ ě1gf ěj$m gcôg gco ěj:u ěEUfj$g tk fjễu tẫj ,k 3kuh Okh^#y Ufôgc &k cj[ ě@e

&15 3fEgc vjîg gfâ &1 gfƲ gfBg v+t efígf Ufôgc

CC•



tîg e/k ‗jhhjkm ›kuhUgA# t#gc Duyễg @y+g hẫj hât#Ʋ[gc f%6 gcẫj h. ôgc Ufjgf &V tjg te_ Ufjgf &Vgfogc &j$g e2 Dukg t#@gc e/k tf[j ,5 ĒE hâ gfogc

m+t gcfHk Uˁ Ij.u e/k ›kuhUgA#5

T"t e ě2j tfẫj ě:u vô gcfHk_ vN ě2j tfẫj eE gcfHk hâ 6fg tfẫj_ gEj mRt e1ef t#j$t hL f!g tfN ě2j tfẫj efVhâ AcAgkgt#kci5

Oâ ěBy hâ ěRe tfẫj e/k tôj_ e/k mRt gcƲ[j Ufôgc &j$tgEj vâ Ufj gEj tfN efV gEj mRt mNgf ěễ efV ef mNgfgcfA5

1e gcâj eg mu2g fQj gok Ufôgc

355T5

Â

T"t e m@j eBu fQj_ I hâ eBu fQj tảm tfƲ[gc gf"tt#gc ě[j ,2gc_ ě:u ěj fQj , ,uy tƲ tuy.t ě2j e/k

gcƲ[j fQj vâ e/k gcƲ[j t# h[j5 7j$t e1ef ěẳt eBu fQjvâ &j$t e1ef t# h[j ě:u efk ěgc L gcfHk e/k vj.e &j$t e1ef ěẳt mNgf t#Ʋ=e_ gckgc vâ t#gc , vj.e vâ, v+tb gEj mRt e1ef Uf1e_ ěẳt hẫj tƲ!gc tf$ cjokgcƲ[j vâ tfễ_ cjok e1 tfễ_ t+6 tfễ_ tƲ tfễ vâ tâg tfễ_

CCl



cjok Tígf Tfễ vâ Tfễ Tígf5 T# h[j MRt hâ t# h[jT―T º5 Tígf tfễ e/k T"t hâ cN Tígf Tfễ e/kTfễ Tígf hâ cN T# h[j ěƲ%e gfogc eBu fQj gây hâ t#

h[j ěƲ%e tẫj ,k eE , vj.e v: CX gąm 6fBg hy5 MƲ[jfkj gąm 6fBg hy gWm t#gc fkj gcâg gąm t#ąm gąm

6fBg hy e/k h<ef ,P TBy 6fƲ!gc_ e/k O+g M.gf TígfTfễ TBy 6fƲ!gc5

• CX gąmi gWm t#gc Tf[j Tígf ( >ljtjef4ljt )5

• 6fBg hyi gWm t#gc 0y Tígf ( BgtGrlmdugc )5

Mu2g fjễu L gcfHk e/k CX gąm 6fBg hy efV eảg ,uy tƲhẫj t g:g tgc tƲ tƲộgc_ t 0kj tígf ( Brljcgj5) e/kJuy Tfễ t ^#kehjtA ě$g AjIAccA#5

[" ocuyîg gfg Ēj tNm gcuyîg gfBgi e/k &"t emRt , vj.e gâ hâ efV &< t#Ej &uRe vâ vgc t#gt#gc hL e/k tƲ tƲộgc_ tƲ tƲộgc tfA ěj.u tj:g tƲộgc(v+r5tllg) vâ &< ěj:u ěRgc &ộj tfễ ěj.u l5tl i mâôgc FgI#^ 3#^ku Igc efo F##kj,ggAmAgti ěễ I<efefo A,tAhhi t#gc Duyễg &+rtr′cl ugd :uG5′tOl e/kAjIAccA#b I ěE_ Ufôgc tfễ ěj tNm gcuyîg gfBg e/kefígf gcuyîg gfBg e/k vj.e ěj tNm Ujk5

Ţ" F]u qu6 gcuyîg gfBgi vâ f+u Dui ě:u gWmt#gc 6fẫm t# eku,khjî_ mâ 6fẫm t# gây engcgWm t#gc tfễ ěj.u A,tAhhi fky F##kj,ggAmAgtibI ěE_ ěj tNm gcuyîg gfBg vâ ěj tNm U$t Du efV hâ ěj

CX



tNm &g ef"t e/k efígf , ěj tNm e/k mNgf_ gcfHk hâ 6fj ěẳt hẫj tígf tfễ (A,,AgeA) e/k efígf , eE mẳt e/kgcƲ[j tNmb gEj IS fjễu f!g hâ ěẳt hẫj cj=j fẫg e/k

gcuyîg hL (6#jej6A)_ gf"t hâ gcuyîg hL v: g:g tgc(#ugI)_ tfu c@g hẫj t#gc eBu e/k 0Aj&gjƟ prjgejpjum rlddlgdkl rktj+gj5 5uGGjejlgtj5i_ vj.e gâyěG ěƲ%e AjIAccA# ě: e+6 #p #âgc ,Bu ,Ze t#gcDuyễg =lr UktO v+m rugd i (9A,UA_ 3{uhhjgcAg_Clw|)_ tôj Ufôgc eảg 6fj gEj hẫj Iâj Igc5

›" Vfj2g trkgf fjg t.j e7 cj6j quy2t WƲ%e 5ỻ pfg yg?y 4f\gcˁ

Bu fQj tf &k gây ěG ěƲ%e tôj t# h[j tj:m tâgc t#gcfkj eBu fQj t#îg_ &ộj vN , cjj Duy$ti engc tfuRevâ tfễ ěj.u A,tAhhi (Fk##kj,jgAmAgt) mâ tfễ ěj.u

gây ěG ěƲ%e tf/ fjg mGgf hj.t &Wgc e! Ufí vâ U´tfu+t fj.g ěẫj (tAefgjDuA mIA#gA)_ ěƲ%e ěj:u ěRgc &ộj hu+g hL f@e vj t$_ mkgc tîg hâ hcj,tjDuAmIA#gAi mâ Oj.t 9km hâ g!j efgc Uj$g vâ tfễgf+g &Wgc m1u_ hPk vâ gƲ=e mZt5 fj$g t#kgf Ufôgccjj Duy$t m? F+? (ègf eşgc 4f\gc cj6j quy2t _ vNfj$g t#kgf vâ fâ &Ngf hâ fkj L gj.m tfuRe v: tfễ

ěj.u A,tAhhi vâ ěẫj Ij.g ef tfễ ěj.u gây hâ tƲtƲộgc e+g gcƲ*j fjg W.j_ te hâ tfễ ěj.u tj:g tƲộgc(v#,tAhhAg #A-6#^,Agtktjg)5 Ēẳt hẫj tígf tfễ e/k tƲtƲộgc (hŢA,,AgeA IA hk 6Ag,Â)_ gf"t hâ tƲ tƲộgc tígft1g (6Ag,Â)_ gf"t hâ tƲ tƲộgc tígf t1g (6Ag,Â

CXC



ekhAuhkgtA) hâ cjj Duy$t ěƲ%e t"t e , 6fBg hy e/keg gcƲ[j tf[j ěẫj_ t#gc ěE Uễ huôg , 6fBg hy CXgąm e/k Oj.t 9km5

C2t u]gJ

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Ca_ O?_ Clal

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趌怣孶_ Fègf gfj tfƲ%gc fọe彯耈与孶5

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6A#ej6A#Ai e/k 4A,ek#tA,_ vN efígf AjIAccA# ěG \1eě<gf T , ěYgc tfkgf Bm fƲộgc v=j elrtjtud+ mâgcôg gco e/k 4A,ek#tA, ěẫt ěƲ%e , ěYgc Ufí DuyfƲộgc e/k mRt ekrl lt dj5tjgetl plrejplrli (Fu, IA#A,tjmmtfAjt ku{ IjA,A eA#tjtuI Am6{Ëgct Ik, JkcAg4A,ek#tA,Ţ IjA 7A,tjmmtfAjt AjgA, ehk#A At Ij,tjgetA

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9côg gco e/k AjIAccA# Ufôgc eE tígf e1ef ěYgctfkgf Bm fƲộgc v=j Vlrtjtud+ e/k 4A,ek#tA,b I ěE_gcƲ[j vj$t v: AjIAccA# 6fj L tfe t#j.t ěễ #Wgceâgc e2 cZgc t#Ngf &ây AjIAccA# mRt e1ef ,1gc ,/k#p #âgc IS fjễu_ mẫef hẫe_ tfA ěj.u cj1 Ufk f@e

ěƲ[gci_ tfN eâgc \uyîg tẫe hR t#Ngf fuy:g gcfHk e/kAjIAccA#_ gfƲgc t#1j hẫj e2 L h+6 I< hâm ef UfEfjễu tfN t"t gfjîg Ufôgc tfễ hâ , vj.e efígf y$u e/ktƲ tƲộgc5

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TƲ tƲộgc tfA AjIAccA#_ eE gcfHk hâ m Tẫ5 TƲtƲộgc efV efuyễg f1 tfâgf #k m Tẫ_ Ufj gâ TƲtƲộgc 6fgc , ef 9côg 9co vâ efuyễg f1 gcôg

gco tfôgc Igc tfâgf #k gcôg gco Ij.u Igc e/k T#Ēk_ Uf IH tfễ fj.g ěƲ%e tígf e1ef vjîg Iugc ě!gcjg e/k tfjîg_ tfảg_ gfBg_ ě<k5 »¿

5; Ef/gf gcôg

TƲ tƲộgc mu2g efuyễg f1 tfâgf m Tẫ tfN 6fj 6fgc , ef fígf 9côg5 fígf 9côg hâ Tígf gcôg5Tígf gcôg hâ 9côg gco e/k Tígf tfễ gfƲ gfogc emmBy hâ gfogc em mBy e/k &ảu t#[j =jl Uprkeflj5t 5+ djl Uprkefl dl5 Uljg5D jl djl 9+4lg djl9+4lg dl5 Fjmml5 5jgd i5 »s¿ Tígf 6f+g e/k tƲ tƲộgc

hâ 6fj tfu 6f2j gcôg gco ěễ ef h[j gEj ě!g cjgěƲ%e tfễ fj.g ( =k5 =lg4lg 5kmmlt djl Uprkefl jgdk5 ljgGkefl Ukclg)_ h[j gEj ě!g cjg ěƲ%e tfễ fj.gDuk , tjgf m+t e/k vj.e ,uy tƲ h+6 tfe (djl Utrlgcldlr l5jggugc )_ Duk , tf+m gcôg (djl U+rcGkt dl5Ukclg5)_ vâ Duk , Uj.m gco (djl Upkr5km4ljt dl59+rtl5)5 AjIAccA# ěG tfễ fj.g &k ěe tígf t#îg t#gc

efígf gcôg Uj.m 6f1e ,ku ěBy g!j t#kgc CaX t#gcDuyễg 9lcmkr4lg

=+ef dk5 Uljg k5 j5t dk5 Uljgˁ B5 j5t B5 5l(5t" =jl5 Ou lrGkfrlg ugd Ou 5kclgD mu55 dk5 4gGtjcl

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(9fƲgc Tígf tfễ Tígf tfễ hâ cN Tígf tfễ hâ efígf

Tígf tfễ5 ĒE hâ ěj:u mâ tƲ tƲộgc gcây mkj 6fj f@ee1ef tfễ gcfj.m vâ f@e e1ef gEj)5

T ,1u mƲ!j gąm gky_ AjIAccA# efV &+g tBm ě$gmRt efo Iuy gf"t_ ěE hâ efo Uljg_ gcfHk hâ -$gf -f/ 5M2j &+g tBm tfe , &Zt ěảu t gąm ClX| v=j DuyễgUljg ugd >ljt ef ě$g t1e 6fqm eu2j egc m=j \u"t

&g vâ gąm Cla|_ Duyễg 9lcmkr4lg5 T#îg &k mƲ!jt1e 6fqm Iây vâ mQgc_ t#îg ,1u mƲ!j gąm t#[j t+6t#ugc tƲ tƲộgc mRt e1ef &Ʋ=gc &Vgf ,Bu tf;m_AjIAccA# efV \ky t"t e m@j , vâ mRt efo Uljg57Q efo Uljg #k gcâj t1e 6fqm e/k AjIAccA# tfNUfôgc Uf1e cN &Q efo Ē.+ #k gcâj tƲ tƲộgc e/k 0G

TP5 O+y Uljg hâ cN ( =+ef dk5 Uljg k5 j5t dk5Uljgˁ)5 AjIAccA# & #Wgc tƲ tƲộgc t#gc tƲ!gc hkj 6fj f@e tfễ gcfj.m vâ f@e gEjb Uljg hâ efígf Uljgi(ş, j,t ş, ,Ah&,t)5 Tígf tfễ hâ cN Tígf tfễ hâ efígfTígf tfễ5 9Ej gfƲ tf$ tfN cbg gfƲ Ufôgc gEj cN e57"t e gcƲ[j gâ vj$t v: AjIAccA# tfN 6fj f@e e1eftfễ gcfj.m vâ f@e e1ef gEj O+y Tígf tfễ hâ cN

Tígf Tfễ hâ efígf Tígf tfễi5 Mu2g tfễ gcfj.m vâmu2g c@j ěƲ%e gfƲ v+y Ufôgc 6fj hâ efuy.g IS mâhẫj hâ mRt vj.e vô egc UfE Ufąg_ vN gcƲ[j tfễgcfj.m vâ gcƲ[j gEj "y 6fj t#j Duk &k gfjîu e!gěku &.gf tâg tẫ e/k gcôg gco tfôgc Igc ěễ #Yj m=j

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&j$t ěƲ%e tf$ gâ hâ 4îu_ tf$ gâ hâ cọj_ tf$ gâ hâg7jb gEj tj$gc gEj &kg ěảu_ gEj tj$gc gEj efígf y$u_tj$gc gEj gcfjîm t#@gc Duy$t ě<gf tígf m.gf e/k eg

gcƲ[j t#îg mẳt ě"t5

Ēj:u Uj.g t2j tfjễu ě2j v=j &"t e gcƲ[j gâ mu2gvj$t fky mu2g gEj v: AjIAccA# hâ 6fj L tfe t#j.těễ #Wgc cbg gfƲ 4f\gc e7 cè W/ g7j e65 ĒBy Ufôgc

6fj hâ , &"t he e/k tƲ tƲộgc fky &"t he e/k gcôggco IjSg ěẫt mâ efígf hẫj hâ ,e he t#ảm hẳgc e/kUf tígfi (4jA ,tjhhA *#k{t IA, M©chjefAgi) Uf tígfUfôgc 6fj Uf tígf (6,,j&hA) e/k mRt Uf tfễ(6,,j&jhjtk,)_ Ufôgc 6fj tj:m tfễ (6tAgtjk) gfƲ &gtfễ (A,,Agtj,) e/k mRt fj.g tfễ (ketu,) e/k ,jgf tfễ(A\j,tAgtjk) mâ ěE hâ efígf Tígf Tfễ (,gIA#g Ik,JAjg ,Ah&,t) »w¿ 5 Je he t#ảm hẳgc e/k *f Tígfi (4jA

,tjhhA *#k{t IA, M©chjefAg) hâ mRt h[j gEj ěảy L gcfHkt#gc gfogc h[j gEj ěảy L gcfHk gf"t e/k AjIAccA#_‗jhhjkm 7k##Att ef #Wgc h[j gEj "y efk ěgc LgcfHk ef/ y$u ěj:u ěRgc tƲ tƲộgc AjIAccA# »a¿ gfƲgc efígf Jk#t#A ěG hẫm Igc L gcfHk t gco "y ěễ\uyîg tẫe ›kuhUgA# »|¿ vN Jk#t#A ěG fjễu ,kj Uf tígfitfâgf #k Uf tfễi fky tj:m tfễi (vâ t"t e , ,kj hảm

t#ảm t#@gc e/k Jk#t#A &Zt ěảu t , \uyîg tẫe "y)5Mu2g vj$t fky mu2g gEj v: AjIAccA# tfN eảg 6fjt+6 ,2gc v=j ,e he t#ảm hẳgc e/k Uf tígfi_ gcfHkhâ t#Ʋ=e f$t fGy t+6 ,2gc t#gc gfogc cN Ufôgc eEtîg_ gfogc cN vô Ikgf (dkgg mu55 lr Ouv+r lrglgD jm

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okmlg+5lg Ou lKj5tjlrlg)b »•¿ eE tf$ tfN m=j mgcTígf tƲ!gc e+gi_ jg IjA 9kfA IA, JAjg,i5 9$u mRtmkj eg gcƲ[j eE v: ě$g cảg &îg Tígf tfễ tfN 6fj

fy gc\g tỻ gfjîgi_ 6fj ít gEj fky eE gEj gfj:u ějgok tfN efV gEj eE mRt ěj:u Iuy gf"t WjZu Wëgc g7jgf,t ? e+g gcƲ*j efƲk (j2t g7j5 fV eE gfogc tfj ,Hm=j hâ gfogc U‾ &j$t gEj_ gEj h[j gEj gcuy fjễm Duy$tě<gf , hƲu t#` e/k eg gcƲ[j t#îg mẳt ě"t5 ggfogc gcƲ[j Ufôgc 6fj hâ tfj ,H v}g efƲk &j$t gEj59côg gco v}g t ef2j Ufôgc ěễ ef hâj gcƲ[j gf+g#k ěƲ%e tfễ tígf e/k gcôg gcoi (4jA J6#kefAvA#†AjcA#t ug, gef jf# ‗A,Ag) (9lcmkr4lg_ t#kgcCw)5

4; Ef/gf gcfk

fígf gcfHk hâ fígf ěẫ5 T#gc Ufgc mƲ[j hąmgąm cảg ěBy_ AjIAccA# tfƲ[gc gEj vâ Igc gfj:uhảg efo 9lc _ gcfHk hâ V+g ĒƲ*gc _ te hâ Ē.+5 T#gch[j tk mộ ěảu Duyễg 9lcmkr4lg_ vj$t tẫj ›#Aj&u#c j57#5 ěảu mk fẫ gąm Cla|_ AjIAccA# ěG vj$t efo9lc ě$g &2g hảg mâ Ufôgc vj$t efo Uljg mRt hảg gâ

e5 Ēj:u gây ě1gc ef ef`gc tk ,uy gcfH5 g ěƲ[gctƲ tƲộgc AjIAccA# eâgc hè eâgc ěj ,Bu vâ fuy:gefj fu fuy:gi_ eâgc hè AjIAccA# eâgc ít gEj fkyeE gEj ěj gok tfN v}g hâ gEj mâ Ufôgc Igc gcôg gcotfôgc tfƲ[gc_ Ufôgc Igc L gcfHk tfôgc h. efígf

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gcfHk ěƲ%e 6fe fYj egc v=j , Duj eągi5 *fj ěGDuj eąg #Yj tfN gEj gfj:u efV tfîm ěku hgc tfôj5*fôgc eg cN ěku hgc vâ ek ěẫi ef &Wgc h[j gEj

&j ě1t vâ &j t#1gc e/k *fgc Tk mu2g 4f\gc g7j cNei tfe #k gEj ef egc t+g tfN *fgc vô vji f!g0G vâ efígf 0G m=j fou vji f!g *fgc5 9Ej #"tgfj:u ěễ #Yj mRt ,=m mkj fYgc &~gc gEj Tk mu2g4f\gc g7j cN gok ei5 *fj gEj v: 9jAtƟ,efA_AjIAccA# vj$t -ớt f|g ? eëe gc?j gîg t.m tf*jf+{g .j vje Wọe ojltO5efl v? trƲPe f2t eëe gc?j gîggcfjîg e3u :rj5t+tl tr+gc mƲ*j f+!e mƲ*j •m g•mi(4k#um j,t A, #kt,km5 JjA vA#,ef#jA&Ag IjA

9jAtƟ,efAhAUt…#A Ajg,t†AjhAg ugI ,tuIjA#Ag Ɵuv#ƟAfg IA# {…g{ƟAfg ˘kf#A fjgIu#ef F#j,ttAhA,) »l¿ 57Zt efƲ=e AjIAccA#_ ef`gc tk engc gîg gEj -ớtf|g eëe gc?j gîg t.m tf*j f+{g .j vje Wọe

Fljdlcclr v? trƲPe f2t eëe gc?j gîg gcfjîg e3u Cfwgc - tr+gc mƲ*j f+!e mƲ*j •m g•mi5 E fjễuěƲ%e *fgc tfN tk m=j fjễu ěƲ%e 0G vâ eE fjễuěƲ%e *fgc 0G tfN mky #k m=j fjễu , jm hẳgcmẳe gfƲ hôji e/k 3f+t5 f`gc tk 6fj &Q #k mƲ[jfẳe mƲ[j hąm gąm ěễ gcfjîg eu *fôgc vN fj.g gkyĒôgc 6fƲ!gc ěG m"t c2e_ ěG t#j h15 *fôgc eg cN

efuk \Et vâ mVk mkj ef &Wgc , W6+ gcƲ%e ef$gfgcfk t#gc eBu efuy.g ,ku ěBy cjok AjIAccA# vâmRt gfâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g mâ AjIAccA# eE cfj hẫjt#gc t+6 Xgtlrlc5 Our Uprkefl (T#îg ěƲ[gc v:gcôg gco) (3{uhhjgcAg_ 9A,UA_ Clw•)5

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AjIAccA# vâ gfâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g &Zt ěảu eBuefuy.g vâ gc+m gcj gfZe hẫj mRt gcƲ[j &ẫg ěG m"t_

&1 tƲ=e 9f+t 7g_ tîg hâ *uUjb t#Ʋ=e Ujk_ &1 tƲ=e*uUj ěG tgc hâ ,jgf vjîg e/k AjIAccA# t#gc gfj:ugąm t#[j5 9fâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g ef AjIAccA# &j$tv: *uUjb t gcây *uUj v: 9f+t_ ôgc "y efV cjgc Iẫyv: gcf. tfu+t vâ tfj ek 9f+t 7g_ ôgc "y ěG 16 Igc-f<m m fọe -y pfƲ|gc ěễ tNm fjễu gcf. tfu+t vâtfj ek 9f+t 7g5 AjIAccA# ěku ě=g hj:g vRj fQjgcky

Ïgc "y ěG eảg 6fj hâm e1j vj.e gfƲ tf$ ,k gc"y hẫj ěj eảu eu tf<m m fọe ,kÏ

ÏTẫj ,k Ufôgci 9fâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g t# h[j vâ tQ

v‾ gcẫe gfjîg5

AjIAccA# ěku ě=g cjGj &ây

ON tf<m m fọe hâ môg f@e ěG \u"t 6f1t t tƲ tƲộgcTBy 6fƲ!gc_ \u"t 6f1t t trj2t ; -y pfƲ|gc _ vâ t"tgfjîg gfogc tf gây v}g fâg tâg \k hẫ v=j tƲ tƲộgc

Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc5i

9fâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g ěYgc L v=j AjIAccA# gfƲgcv}g ef #Wgc Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc eảg 6fj 16 Igc gfogcmôg f@e TBy 6fƲ!gc5

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AjIAccA# ěku ě=g fQj hẫj

9fƲgc tẫj ,k Tẫj ,k Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc e1e ôgc hẫjeảg 6fj Igc -f<m m fọe -y pfƲ|gc efi

9fâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g gcBy tf! t# h[j

7ộj vN -f<m m fọe -y pfƲ|gc eE tfễ eugc e"6ef ef`gc tôj gfogc L gj.m eảg tfj$t ěễ hGgf fRjgcf. tfu+t vâ tfj ek e/k ě"t gƲ=e ef`gc tôj5i

AjIAccA# ěku ě=g fQj hẫj

Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc 6fj eảg eE gfQgc ; gjm ,ki 9fât#í tfe 9f+t vuj ,Ʋ=gc t# h[j

OBgc ě`gc v+y_ t gcây ef`gc tôj tj$6 \è v=j tƲtƲộgc TBy 6fƲ!gc tfN ef`gc tôj m=j L tfe #Wgcgcôg gco e/k ef`gc tôj tfj$u f;g tf$ he e/k f.tf2gc L gj.m_ tfj$u f;g tf$ he 6fBg cj=j gfQgc WớjtƲ%gc vâ cjk f. ef`gc v=j gfku mRt e1ef 6fBgmjgf5i

AjIAccA# tf"t v@gc ěku ě=g fQj hẫj

E tfe ôgc gcfjîm t#kgc ef #Wgc ěE hâ WjZu tfj2utfớg t#gc gcôg gco e1e ôgci

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Bu efuy.g cjok AjIAccA# vâ gfâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7geg tj$6 te_ gfƲgc ef`gc tk fGy gcgc g!j ěBy_ vN eE

tj$6 te gok tfN efV tfîm ěku hgc tfôj5 9fâ t#í tfe 9f+t 7g t#îg engc hâ tƲ%gc t#Ʋgc ef gfogc gfâ t#ítfe Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc fj.g gky_ ěẳe &j.t hâ gfogc gfâ t#ítfe Oj.t 9km5

MRt gcƲ[j gfƲ AjIAccA#_ ěk eg e/k TBy 6fƲ!gc_ěG gZm e1j f@e e/k t#uy:g tf2gc TBy 6fƲ!gc t#gcmƲ[j ěảu gcEg tky_ mâ hẫj hâm U‾ &jgf ve ef Ēôgc

6fƲ!gc_ ěkgc Ufj ěE tfN gfogc gfâ t#í tfe Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc hẫj hâm eg tfjîu tfBg efuj mNgf vâ gc@gě:g fuySg fẳe e/k TBy 6fƲ!gc

Ē$g &k cj[ Ēôgc 6fƲ!gc m=j t#ộ v: c2e #S e/k

mNgf fV eE mRt efígf gcfHk Iuy gf"t ěE hâ Dujeągi_ eE quj e•g tfN m=j I2e hgc cjo ěƲ%e jm hẳgc(tf/ tjgf I2ei)5 f`gc tk efV 6fe m.gfi efĒôgc 6fƲ!gc Ufj gâ ef`gc tk ěG Duj eąg vj$t tHgfi( Ē.+ W3e 4jgf_ O?)5

Fớ tfẵm Ujîu fègf fọe \u"t 6f1t t 2 tf;m e/k Jjîu

tfễ f@e TBy 6fƲ!gc vâ hâ 2 tf;m e/k tâg tfễt#uy:g tf2gc vąg f1 TBy 6fƲ!gc5 @fë fợy tƲ tƲộgc

Fljdlcclr hâ pfë fợy egc vPj 5ỻ pfë fợy eợk ef$gf Fljdlcclr _ 6f1 f/y AjIAccA# t#gc , t 6f1 f/ye/k efígf t#uy:g tf2gc vąg f1 TBy 6fƲ!gc5 ĒWgc

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t#Ʋ=e eg ěƲ[gc e/k AjIAccA# eg eE ^#kehjtA_3k#m^gjIA_ şeUfk#t_ 9jAtƟ,efA_ ₨jm&kuI_ ěWgc ,kueg ěƲ[gc e/k AjIAccA# eg eE Ag#y MjhhA#5 Jku

AjIAccA# efV eg eE Ag#y MjhhA#_ vâ ,ku Ag#yMjhhA# efV eE , jm hẳgc 2 tf;m5

0è &"y cj[_ gEj gfƲ AjIAccA#_ 9côg gco Ufôgceg hâ mRt , tfễ mâ eg gcƲ[j ěkgc efj$m fou m?ef$gf oc\g gcQ .j efj2m fQu e+g gcƲ*ji »C¿ 5 0è

&"y cj[_ gEj gfƲ AjIAccA#_ eg gcƲ[j Ufôgc fQj gokmâ efígf Tígf tfễ fQj t#gc eg gcƲ[ji

NB5H Grkct jm Rlg5eflg5 »CC¿

9Ej mRt e1ef Duj eągi tfN e+g gcƲ*j 4f\gc eÿgNv,g W.+H mâ ef$gf W.+ .j v,g e+g gcƲ*j5 MRt tƲ

tƲộgc cjk vH ěẫj e/k Oj.t 9km mâ ít gcƲ[j Oj.t 9kmgâ ěễ L_ ěE hâ TfƲ%gc ,H u. t#ugc T#ảg >u2e Tgcộ ě[j gfâ T#ảg »CX¿ 5 TfƲ%gc ,H u. t#ugc_ mRt tfj:g,Ʋ e/k Oj.t 9km eE gEj mRt eBu mâ efZe efV eEAjIAccA# ộ g:g vąg mjgf TBy 6fƲ!gc tf$ U¶ m=j fjễu gj t"t e L gcfHk t2j ek tRt ěVgf

ÏTf$ gâ hâ ěẫÏ

ÏĒẫ Ufôgc eE t#gc eBu fQjBu fQj Ufôgc eE t#gc ěẫ5Ï

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gâ mu2g 6f1 f/y tƲ tƲộgc AjIAccA# tfN engcUfôgc tfễ gfy Duk ěƲ%e efígf &Egc fZg5 ofƲ tf2gZg t6gc eợk 5ỻ pfë fợy eşgc e7 gcfk ? 5ỻ pfë fợy

ef$gf gZg t6gc ,yb ộ ěBy Ufôgc 6fj hâ ef!j efoi_vj.e ef!j efoi t"t gfjîg Ufôgc 6fj hâ , vj.e efígfy$u e/k tƲ tƲộgc eBu vk #Yj efV mu2g IjSg t LgcfHk t#u tƲ%gc ,ku ěBy e•g tf/ eợk fƲ v\ e7 gcfk? fƲ v\ eợk ef$gf e•g tf/ ,yb gEj tfA gcôg gco e/kAjIAccA# t#gc t+6 ljtr′cl Our @fj+5+pfjl (Cla-Cl•) Tígf tfễ hâ eąg tígf (#ugI) t#gc efBg hLe/k tígf tfễ gfƲgc hẫj engc hâ mRt eąg tígf mâ UfôgceE eąg ěễ_ eąg tígf ěƲ%e fjễu gfƲ hâ vô eąg_ te hâ2 tf;mi (F&c#ugI)5 ąg tígf ěƲ%e fjễu gfƲ hâ 2tf;m hẫj ěYgc tf[j hâ eąg tígf mâ Ufôgc 6fj hâ eągtígfi (gc#ugI)b gE efA h"6 vâ efôg vj efígf , h+6eąg e/k gE vâ gE efV hâ gcuyîg eągi (#c#ugI) Ufj

ěƲ%e fjễu hâ 2 tf;m vâ gfƲ hâ eąg tígf mâ Ufôgc 6fj hâ eąg tígfi5

TfA tjgf tfảg t#j.t ěễ e/k eBu gây tfN g:g tgc e/k, 6f1 f/y hâ eąg tígf_ gfƲgc ěj:u UfE Ufąg gf"tt#gc vj.e 6f1 f/y tƲ tƲộgc AjIAccA# hâ efígfAjIAccA# ěG t 6f1 f/y mRt e1ef t#j.t ěễ #Yj_ vN

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tígf e/k , 6f1 f/y_ 6f1 f/y eąg tígf Ufôgc eE gcfHkhâ 6f1 f/y 2 tf;m mâ efV eE gcfHk hâ 6f1 f/y ,

6f1 f/y_ mâ 6f1 f/y , 6f1 f/y tfN efV eE gcfHk Bm

u hâ Fớ tfẵm îg tj2gc 4îu cọj Fớ tfẵm5

T#ộ hẫj gcôg gco &Ngf tfƲ[gc tfN pfë fợy tƲ tƲộgc Fljdlcclr eE gcfHk hâ &j$t fQj mRt e1ef uyîg uyîg4‖ uyîgi f!g e eBu fQj e/k AjIAccA#5 9Ej tfAAjIAccA# ộ t#kgc eu2j egc Duyễg BjgGfrugc jg djl

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&j.g efgc 6f16_ vN &j.g efgc 6f16 efV eE tfễ \u"tfj.g 5ku 5ỻ gc•g eëef -fjîg Xyîg "y5 8 gcfHk e/k

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-rugc =ugc #( t m"y gcâg gąm ěG &< \uyîg tẫe ộ

' Ēôgc_ vN t#ugc Iugc &"t Uf gągci#(不叩) hâ&"t Uf gągci hâ cjj tfíef L gcfHk e/k fẳe IƲ%ei

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e1j gfy 6fEgc t g:g tgcb Ufôgc tf1j Du1_ Ufôgc &"t e+6 Ufôgc eE gcfHk hâ efuqg &< ěễ gfyb fâ ePut e/k Du‾ *j:g t#gc *jgf I<ef fẳe IƲ%e tẫj

uyîgi*+圦淼 mkgc gcfHk IƲ%e tẫj uyîgi hâgfy vâ 2 tf;mi5 *fgc TP mu2g gfy vâ mu2gefuqg &< e1j gfy ef tfjîg fẫ_ gfƲgc tfjîg fẫ hẫjUfôgc ef<u gfy vâ \uyîg tẫe , efuqg &< ěễ gfyie/k *fgc TP tfâgf #k mRt ef/ tfuy$t t#ugc Iugciěgc hN hẫj t#îg &[ vâ efA h"6 6f/ vj 2 tf;m5 T

Ufj 2 tf;m &< efA h"6 vj ěj tfN gcƲ[j tk &Zt ěảu gEjgfj:u ě$g \By Igci_ tfj$t h+6i_ vâ ,% fGj Ufj gcfAgEj ě$g 6f1 f/yi_ 6f1 fẫji_ f/y Ij.ti_ #Yj eâgchè L gcfHk uyîg gcuyîg e/k , 6f1 f/y ěG efNm m"tvâ , 6f1 f/y efV eg eE fkj L gcfHk fẳe 6f1 f/ymRt e1j cN ěE ěễ \By Igc mRt e1j cN ěE_ fẳe 6f1f/y ěễ mâ 6f1 f/y5

J 6f1 f/y gWm t#gc fkj L gcfHk gây_ fkj gcfHk tuyUf1e gfku_ gfƲgc tfe #k efV hâ mRtb pfë fợy W/ Kydỻgc v? pfë fợy W/ pfë fợy ě:u eE gcfHk hâ &"t Ufgągci e/k mRt e1j gfy 4f\gc tf/ gf6y quk ef$gf(7gc mègf5 fV eE tfễ gfy Duk &Egc mNgf hâ gfyvâ 2 tf;m (IƲ%e tẫj uyîg)_ gfƲgc efV eE tfễ gfyvâ hâ Ufj gâ tƲ!gc Dukg cjk f. cjok 5ỻ pfë fợy vâgZg t6gc 6fj ěƲ%e fRj tfôgc t#gc tƲ tƲộgc gfƲ hâ &<2 tf;m gcąg e1ef mâ v}g tfBg e+g gfku t#gc ĒYgctígf W‗gc t$gf "y eE gcfHk hâ gZg t6gc eợk 5ỻ pfë

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*fk f@e g:g tgc vâ tƲ tƲộgc 6f1 f/y efV eE tƲ!gccjk t#ugc tígf hâ Ufj gâ 2 tf;m cjok Ufk f@e vâ

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3f1 f/y ě`gc gcfHk hâ 6f1 f/y t2j f+u_ Ufôgc eEgcfHk hâ 6f1 f/y &Wgc e1ef efgc mjgfi

(I^mgt#A#) mâ eE gcfHk hâ efV tQi (mgt#A#) &WgcI"u fj.u (JjcgA)5 4"u fj.u_ efo Ēe c@j hâ >ljeflg_»XC¿ AjIAccA# t#gc Uljg ugd >ljt ěG ě<gf gcfHkMRt I"u fj.u ef… t1 ěj:u ěƲ%e efV tQi (şjg ‡AjefAgƟAjct ku{ Ik, AƟAjctA) »XX¿ 5 3f1 f/y hâ ěẳt g:g tj:gh+6 t#gc efBg hL tƲ!gc fâ gc tfu+g tfN efV eEgcfHk Ufj , tƲ!gc fâ gc tfu+g(Å&A#Ajg,tjmmugc) gây ěƲ%e ěẳt g:g tgc g!j ,tƲ!gc cjk_ tƲ!gc Dukg_ tƲ!gc tígf_ cjk tígf(7AƟjAfugc) ,t e3 5ỻ tƲ|gc f+? 3gc tfu]g gâengc ě:u hâ mRt , tƲ!gc Dukg cjk tígf_ gfƲgcUfôgc 6fj &"t e , tƲ!gc Dukg cjk tígf gâ engchâ mRt , tƲ!gc fâ gc tfu+gi ( ldl

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