mulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.thmulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/4036807.pdfuflonn?ilora0 uill?nola0uuoa inurfinu$r o 4036807 ENI}IIA4 : IvIAIOR: IECHNOIOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TVIANAGEMENT

: { B,t, 25{5

nr:6idaui?n to{ru1?rJ:vuqdu#lu'lunrror4YndnYilsrornlnfls

n:df;nsr , draflstnrfi flsrnflsrflslnrfi

?nsrfi nuddtfl uritundo tuunl:f; nu rsll u mfln gvr:

efi

4qr1n

a((t3

0,3

rfiutnutnlrdor ary o n orriio ur" #o unyn irl ur n : gr asrf

cffi ..,,.........uur3.ugro1rufi oo.... -r....,.n8

Copyright by Mahidol University

Aad?llu"tuT{1{fi

I4l:O.t

<r r I X y o s d c,tnrrilrfaui?ruuo{$1?rJrsil{vlurhulunl:oqYnrivrYrnrsrn:ulsdftr

n:fi fi nur t drarlsrsrrfi fi'.rnflsrdlnnrii

/,rM

la - X s, t ,f,'ldgt:'101:utnu{su auaoil?{tf,, Pb-D.

nal!a

riarfisr?murdu

urrar':rqfiun: qf,3

9avfl?0u

-to.. ....fl.g.m.e J.. ..\oP6,-^/

frrirurraor:ror:ddoprrtad mo.:un, M.p.H.

il : s r ru n: : ilR'rr n ?u elrJin eJru^v{ u f,

A:&lornr:ddrgfu qfirf,u:iinr:, ?Yr.rr.

aalR : : rJRl: n ?il E rJ?vl U1il v't U !

/lr'

"\r>-*- J(.do ds

o10'l:uvtgltu vt? tRn, Ph.D.

n::iln1:n?rlqlivrurfinuf

oror:dl:ad l:runriuvi, dil: snu nars n::unr:il:v dru dnqor:

imurgranr:rmrrTorfisr

arqn?mrnnlu la6nr:u?u r: drurodol

n ar r dq $ao doil uasn ifl ur n: craq {

&


a^d?1lu'lu$1lJfi

AIto{l

Art t I A g,6l ,!,, d.,,9t-.--.-- --lt-n'Hilfl?ui?il{0{$'l?lJtufI,ll}11{u1tt liln150utRU1l:v{u'l Rls'luBl,$

n:6ifi nur : dratJsrsrrfi fr'.ruisrrJnntfi

rngrv a cl',v cr t i 4 v1Afunl5fl 0't50t't l?,tuultf ud?1{14u{lu0{nl:fl nu1911il?langn:

ra ^ v a a SS,4 e,--a- ---Y--il:ntflr]?Ylu'|fl'1d915ilfi 'lu0l6Yl9l d]lJ1?Tllvln lil launl5uttlltfl{tl?oaoil

iufi st fiurnru n.fl,2s43

lt;;ffiuxamrnfirun: gnE

9aqfl?0u

.tnl^....fl.e.mdJ....T".6n {'

{riaucraor:rrr:dd'sroriatl mosun, M.p.H.

il:vrrun::unr:aouivrurfinuf,

oror:ddq#u qfirfrudrur:, ?vr.r.

n::ilnr:douivrurfinuf/

){h^^ ,v/L,-^l /)/ ll/t) ll z-lltrr/ v4r'14.......... -..../...............

o t ot: driarvisr olaurorqnd, rn.n.

fr : : tJ R'r : dolivrurfi r'ru d

A6t/'01-/,.ia,q..........J...Jd - i tr t - -fl1d9t:101:U[AU{$U aildoil?{fl, Ph.D.

Analu9lva6u

lJfl{oyto?nu1au

rur.n?vrorduilr^nn

4 q 4tS0'10'15u149ilu vr? [Rn, Ph.D.

R:;ilRrrflouinuru'iluf,

\--':-S\r6'V.:o{endst:'urr:tloqnfi nrtdrfi , Pt .o.

narrd49vi

n ile d{tu?fl a0u ttaufl 5 1I u'rfl5 fl'ldn:

ruuriyrura'erilfiôa


fisrfinr:ilil:cnrfl

iyrsrfiuufsriud*rr$oqrhrhJlddhun?rilnqn'rhi'r{rrJinur d,,u, ,,uruarru,fes

rmaôolR nr.s.dsrnr{nd ilo{un srorrddrJfnuriflsrfifluf dlA'tr?narrufnrrinnr:urlnu

o ao o ffi frufdo "lu

dolu oruqaufl uo dr.r8r

uofl ollqotnarrfnrrdruimnr: R'rror?nvrluinuru'nufodr.rnsrduoddauorn

orouddqfru q6r{ud6nrr srorrdfisu vrtlnn uas ororrdriturfln qaonqndntldaarrrul

duiirirlusr:?CIfloiln?luqndowo.rivrsrfiuuf,rdol#ldhvrsru^r'rufdrrurg:nidqe,

lJ o to uq il not ro rr dnusdumnd'sruuaviliuurn:eraofq nrilud1ffi tflorrruf1u

artrinsir{ 1 uriffifru rhh?ffifrolddnurr6oufrdunlolrrvrrsirrnr:unudu,fludugrulu

n rr{ riil urfi lru f,tdrfl u s dr.rd

totouqutfrrufiidilroqllrfiural:rnrr.lnlusruFr unsrfirurhdaorfi ourriu4n

virud16ftfl narruriasmdslursndr{rfi uulorynludud

xo{ouqornarlrsurdurhulu uinardrefl ororrfi qnriru dld^ltfluaruiaruruôlu

nr:hfl{oryarfl us rir.r6 raild{nrrdru?0n?'uJdvc'a oludod

uoxouqunnudasmdoludrueirsl narufl ufi srtdd fi ur',*, o?.r101 #n'urdruo rJ'r

rarud.rrirrJfnsr unsrirdrlmrn orfi uou tfl du duuu ,,u, ,du, t nflsflsnil tdrir 6'ou

nquail ilofloutlar dnq ulruf nasrfisul dde.rfiunnlnrirudruiunr::J:yerumuuny{o

ryncdr'r11unrruilrsru.r

zuonr'uJt ountsrl0r viounvrni dnoul#r{rilfnurunvnerudrurudo rflurirf,.rlr

dra'rnarrufin rirfi.rvrind rarlrt'qnldfiTonradnurdlfoqrir,r our4rldqnfiiud reunqnn?1il

6d.riluorunsrJ:vTssdornnrrlffinsrfiflufiriudlt{n'uriu,rasuridurfludio,,uaulrnq{qa

lufriormsqn

Adrnnililr gflt


uilfl n?nu]a0 uunnutnuxilnn ?ltululfit! / {

4036807ENrvI/M: dlrli!1 : rvrnlula6nr:u3nr:d.rrrrsrdor ; rn.r. 0vrnlulatnrruimr:d.ur':nd'oru)

rhdrdq : nr:fidrud'lr/rl:c!{dufirutnr:oqindlnf,nurn:rrufl.!

rnfirnr gdi : nrrfi drudrilro{srlilcrurdufirulunr:oqindvriilurn:srufl{ nrdf,nsr :

drrilnsrrfi r'.ruioilnnrii (rHE SITALL-SCALE FTsHERMEN pARrrcrpATIoN IN coNSmvATIoN

OF COASTAL RESOITRCE : A CASE STT DY OF PATTANI BAYPATTAI{I PROVINCEnilsn55ilnl5

er:uqrimurfrnu#: dnnri'nd no{illr, N[.p.H., f,rgfru qfirflrufiilli, ?vr.u.,fiou milnn, pn.p.tlz tr?r,

ISIBN 974 - 663 -74s - 2

Ae &A ae r /A <nr:Tilunisfi fiinqrJrva.:rirfioflnsr:c6'unr:fidrui'rruunsn'rruflurf,uf:sn'ir.r6'rurJ:

6a:veir.r1fi'unrrfrdrudu naooruflqur qda:rn {orauonuslunrrfidrl:'rrsorsrril:slr.rduriru

lunr:or1:-ndnfflurn:cr0ils drrilernrfi fr.rlr{oilnn'rfi lnudrnr:ud{nr:f,nslflu z dru 6s nr:f,nsr

r8{rJ:^lrellnulffinrrf,lnruefnriurtl:srurdufru 6ru'u llo :ru rrasnrrf,nurrf;trlornrnlffifinr:

flirnruafi ruurnrrfrnorn{dfforyalufordurfl uodr.r6 6ruru 22 rru

nanrrf, nurn udr yrr ilrsu'rdu r?ru dru k qjfi tirudrulu nr: o qinfvrin urn: msfl .r1u

rc6'udr :cdunr:f,nurrfluftf,udfinarisnr:frcirudrrrrorrlril:sru.rdufirulunrrorlindvrinu'rRislu

flwtirrfiriudrdqvrr.ra66d:vriurludrdq 0.0r uasnu'irrrrrJ:sru.rdufrudfinrrf,nsr:dg1lruu

flnurrsfi cirudruunn'irur, rJrcrl{du rhundudur m? rJ: cil{ du rhu rir u l r.r qjfi gru vur n ou un v

rlrvau'ilrXtrnilrsrn:sruil.rrdsllvrlr vlrtr{arur:of,udoirirldnont rirl#do.rldnnrdeultrqjrdo

il:cnsuorf,ilnlduooruuoir fdnalrnclonrafsudosoonrurdrrufion::unr:fid'rudrrueir.r t dn',0

iguram:'oo.rrinrf,odu ilo;nr grler:nro{rrrrJrguodufru 6o riruluqi'hildiunr:flnui d.rrhhlfi{o

6rn'olunr:dru tfiuuttnvrXnnrsllnu 6.rr4r1drrnn'rrruf nrur{rlolu6nn::rnrrfirl'rudureirt 1 fimi.r

:rsnrrdqrrilludud usnnrndnu'irdudtulsrrarrsutirrilnnrfiurd, uldqnnsouni0.r0rnnriruru

quduirurJrvnsufionrr frrl#rtrrJrsr.rdufruhiarrur:nr{rnhJr{slurufodT rufionr:runr:fidrud'rr1uo i utt

rjSt?oluu to

ornnnnr:dnurarrur:nfrrcuo{sreuouu;oisnr:firfrudrurorsrlrl:ru.rdufirulunr:elo"i4atilir

orlfnfvriuurnrnruflr 6s mrt:tunr:m3sotdn:flordunrril:sarun, ud'llfiotiufiorr4rIn:tnrrlunrr

oq:'ndvrinornrsrufl{uasd.rraill#sruJ:surdufruldr{rurfidrud.rulndu rr{rrsnr:n?:finr:f,o

nr:or:rrdsilqnilrh{rrrrJ:vru.rdudrur{iunrrudrdcxrs.ryrilrurnlsroil.t r.urfoor:h?o'lud'ruruf,o

lur$ovtu4uuriflrilrsutdufirulunr:rJ:snsusrfrr uasnr:fiurn:nr:nr:flnnr:drfiotrsrlunr:fl0.r

tiuunsurlnltilqurwrnrrrhnruniflurn:sruil.r Isrurnnrsrds{rfooruqu s:unrnda-nnour{rrurfir

ilrsrurturrn 3,ooo ruonornrrufl.t


uflonn?ilora0 uill?nola0uuoa inurfinu$r o

4036807 ENI}IIA4 : IvIAIOR: IECHNOIOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TVIANAGEMENT ; M.Sc.

(IECHNOIOGY OF ENVIRONMB{T IVIANAGEMENT)

KEY WORDS : PARTICIPATION/ SIvIALL-SCALE FISHERMEN / CONSERVATION / COASTAL

RESOI'RCE

CHALRMPORN CIIOOSRI : ITIE SIvIALL-SCALE FISHERMEN PARTICIPATION IN

CONSERVATION OF COASTAL RESOIJRCES : A CASE SIIJDY OF PATTANI BAYJATTANI

PROVINCE THESI{I ADVIf|ORS : LADDAWA}.I TIIONGNOP,IVLPJI., SAI{CIIAI SUTIPA\IWIHAN,

IvlSc., PATAI.IA IEAVIPOXQ Ph"D.132 p. tsBN 974 - 663 -745 - 2

Ihe objective ofrhis research was to study the participation levels of s-all-scale fishermen ir

coasfal resource conseivation and to iddiry the problems of tbe coastal resourcs corxervation within Pattani

Bay, Pattani Province. Tltro methodologies were used in this snrdy ; a quantitative study using questionnaires

collected from 330 r6id€nts, and a qualitative strrdy which was carried out by in-deptl interview witl 22 key

infomants.

The study rcsults showed that tle majoriff of the snall-scale fishermen's participation level in

coastal resources co$enation was low. It was formd that the level of education was statistically significant

factor affecting the mall-smle fishemen's participation lwel in coastal rssoucss conservation. Inw income

md the rsults of the deterioration of these r€sources such as decreasing numbers of lish and marine life have

forced the fishermen to spend most of their time meking a living. This proble,m left very little time for

conseryation activities. The other m4io poblem was lack of education of the majority of the fishsmen. Ihis

problm led to a limitation in Tbai reading , writing and spaking skills. This limitations bave caused a lack

of understanding of gticipation activities promoted by tbe officials. It was also found that some aras of

Pattani Bay bave been occupid by influeirtial group causing both conservation and fisheries proble'ns.

Recommendations arising ftom this ressarch are tbat ; the govemment and local organization

should co-operaie in sefiing Dafiral resouroes conservation projecs having small-scale fisherrmen participale

iq a training in raising awarenss for this coussrvation problems. This program should be organized for

fishermen, fimding support &om governneut should be available and law enforcement must be strengthened

to protect and solve the coastal lesourc€s problm. A particular problem which must be addressed by tle

governmat is protection of the mall-ssale fishsmen rights fron being inaded by the largescale fishery

industries usng push nets and tawl nets in the areas less than 3,0fi) mehes from sashore.


EJAiltilqt:o{l

t. t duunsnarudrdqto.rfl qnrv a J av

t.z iorqilrvatdiloqnrrTfs ..........-... 6

r.z rj:slusridnrErdros'ldiuornnr:i6'u. .........,...11

urfi'z nilil?u?trilni?il

2.1 uil?6nunvnqufinufiriaudau... ..................r2vl

2.2 n1roqfn9.............. .................18I

-lr!192.3 n15iltvutfrutJru.... .................19

z.cnfnsrn:fiuil.r .21

o- lJ stz.e rruTigfrrfrsecTsr..... ................37

rluYrlt 3 Sulut lf?5?otl

r.t nrr?fistfr.uj?urar... ...................41

g.+ nrmril:sfin?nrucJoqrnfosfio 5l

3.6 nr:itn:wr{{orynCopyright by Mahidol University

Gn:fcu (sio)

mrh

i4a.!rvuYtlt 4 flanl:fl ngluaenlt?mlruiltoila

4.1 flanudnsrr8tiliilrotlosnr:itn:rvrfi1oryaornttiludilnruni...............ss

+. t. t r?oqndrurl:vvrn: dtnt ttnvts:u gfi oto.rrl:vu1R5

ncirudaotir.r ......s6

4.1.2,Erttun:sdutsqlsryndru:J:vrrn: fitnru ttnvtnru gfi o

tstil:csrn:nriudaotir{1.............. .......59gvlYavlo;4

+.t.1naruflrnv:vd'lnarufilunuoqfn$nfitsrnts'|uF|.t....................61

+. t.+ nr:nldiuriraei:unvrsdunrcnldiudraer:1u nr:o rlind

niuurn:vrui1u........... ......63

+. t.s nrriidrur'arttnv:sdunr:fi daudrilctotvrarJ:sru.rdurlru

lunrroqindiliflsrn:rrsil.r......... .......64

4. 1.6 Rlrnoaounarrudrufruf,rsudr.rsirtt:J:64:utYunr:fi riaudaru

totsrail:surdufirulu nr:or1f,ndvriil srncsrsiltlsr snr:

?rntrsdnrrfruuil:mrqds?............ ......66

+.t.znrrirnrrvrfnrrfruuilrtrnsnr:itnrrvr{nr:dltunn4tltao

nJ€ uu rfi su n a rru f,ru fiu frs ra dr t da urj : 6ar s do u tcin s da

fiuer'rtrilrnru............. ......69

+. t.a fl tgur qrJarrn uns{onuouuvlunrrfi riaudaruto.t

rrrrJrrn.rdurlrulunrrorlindvr9vrurorn'tuill.... ....................74

+.2 nnnrrdnurt8rqunrflIqsnrrfiunrunfuuutorvdn......,.. ...,..............76

4.2.1 do'runrnmrtdrnu tarugfiouitaotdrafl$nrii............ ..............76

+.z.zilqn'rdrduaflorfiuyriflsrn:vrsiltuiraordraflnqrii..................78fl

+.2.g nr:fi riauiruqrotnerJ:surdurlrulunuoqind-&yrfilsrnrU,luFlr........... ......80

+.2.+ ilagu'tqrJarrndrfi nducisnrrfi riaudruto.trrarJrvru.rduflruosJolunr:oqinfmf,usrn:muflr......... ......81

t

+.2.s fisnuottucdrq 1 eionufi rieudailflo{nril:vru.rrflurirulu nr:vlvnioqin$ninsrn:nsFlr. ......81Copyright by Mahidol University

il:flq (sio)

nrh

uvrfi s apleranr:io'u ofirJ:rsara uns{otauouuv

s.t aqrlnanrriffsornuuuftinrssf.. ...................84

s.t.t {oryndruilrsrrnr fiinil ttnctq:ugfiotos:Jruurnrnrirufr:od}r......9+

s. t.z naruf nrrldiucirearldsafiunr:orlfnduinu',0r"luilo,tu,

nr:fi riaud'rutosrrril:su'rdurhulu nr:oqindvriil sJrn rvrsil{. . ..85

5J nnn1tnecouaurdg1u............ .....'..........-..86

s.a ofirj:rsnrnnrrifrs.... ..................88

s.s c1stausttusornnrriffs............ -............-.....91

il:iolruRtrt

urrorlqRtil nrurlfls.... .................93

il:rtulqntilnrurdrnqu ............-....108

Rlnruu?R

Rlnnu?R n uuudrunrsnf........... ....109

R1nflu?R t rjrsfivrfrnrutolttuuf,unrsni........ ..................110

R'rnHu?R n nnnr:?tn:rvdnrrfruttrjrnrltdsr(ANIovA)uns

nrr?mrrc?t,firuunnq(ucA) ...........r12,i yJ dr .,--q-9 v

R'rn fl u? R { rlssoiilltt ?fl aJ1i1J5vlilu?'ln lfl :soilne tlilu

n1n fl u? R o rndo.rfisrjrcil{dudrudfi nrrl#lul?ranr drrfl nnrfi .... ... . ......12s


s'rsusunltrtr

urir

,lrlod t urndrnr:ilrrr.rduflru

grlyHd z nr:lfirjrslsrridudilly'rurau{o{rrhvrvrolvrufl n.d.2s37...................23

,'rr'rrd r ,firuauniar$ousoqrrarJ:yru.rdurlruddsoqiuirafleiraflonr fi..............n

s,rtr{d + ruroruordaodlr,fi lrunsrrudrununrnqirhu

t'tt'rod s'ilruaufliduavrqdt{llfin:rilnnrq,udururuoood

t'rr'rod o arnrsar{rumnfinuugruniuurn: I rfio....... .................50C- v a , tqr:nfr zatn:sdunsuuuruosfron::ilrior,t4'tr{tJn t8fion:rru..... .......50

rlrmd S ,fruaurtns$osnsrornrirudaotir.r,filrunorrudnuorsrfakJ....................57

t'tt'tod 9 ,6ruauunsgsunyrornrirudaodrr,firuunnrruryduuorfinurucfr?hJ........e0

t',r'rod t o rvdunarrufrdmrYunr:oqindvriuu'ror"'ruilu

r'rr'rod t t nr:l6iuchacr:uas:sn'unr:l6iudraar:lunr:oqind

20

.63

vriilornrsrsilr 64

o'rr'rod tz $o0ncflo.rnriueTrodr-rddelfionrrrunr:firiaudau...........................6s

r'rrlod tl nrrfiriaudailrmc:vdunr:iidrudarulunr:oqfndniusrn:yrsil.r.......ee

t'tr'tud ta narruf,ufiuf:cil?'r{ilofiodruqnnnflinrrfi deudriluo.rt-

fiail:suqfiutlrulunrroqfndvrinsrn:ursil.r. ..............67

rlyHd te nrrirnrrsdnr:fruuilr{0.rfl offsdfi arnsionr:fi riaudru

c, o r urail wrutdurlrulu n rro qindn iil ur n : n uil.r 73


R11l

atdrruqnl?r

r,rfir

d t oruuuurnrrrufiErlunrriffs...... .......................7r rC

nlT{i 2 fd.rroso'wininnrf... ................2sd^ , E I I u .l

Rllrlr 3 qUUillJrUU{1{UtI1Ur0U€i1?ilStO1il.. ................30

nmd 4 dnusyuoro?unosiln1.. .............r24

nil{d 5 dnuarscJoro?unouft... ..............12s

nrild 6 dnsuvto'ro?ilno0{..... .............t26Cvr

n'lflTl 7 nRg8llUq,O{O?Un1Rn1U01.1............. ........,....Jn

n1ild 8 flnsorctoqfioilo........ ...............128

nrfld l0 dnuorsslo.ts?uqu{il1ntdn............ .............130

nmd tl dnuusro.rrfsrhsu{flrfisduasri0rjrvrurduriru............................131


riorql'nin u rdu ! u riilo rds! u'nn an.u (rnnluTa0nrruirrriiquasrdsu) tr

uvrfi I

unur

r. r rt4u ua sn ? I rtairffsgtosfl cgnr

vtifl srnrsrCIfu (Coastal Resources) fi narrunruru:?il6.t {lrsrsrnu dlrnqunvnfi

rvtn ttu?ilsnri{ ttncniflolRtt:ril$lrr'du1 dfinrndurdorurornminsrn:nu}l.rvrvra lduri

fiqi{h zuo{ih mamunu d.rnnrirdrouiluv#ilurn:mrrurnfid*rroduoonnlfi tn**rurRmm..)ttasflrrrnfinr:oqfnddtrilrrdil0srfinnr:mnuyrudururtnri unyd'rilr:ar{rnr:rirq.rinurl#

n.ro gj rdoriruasilrvlumieiohlhiduqn (urlur a,rffr irni,zsrs, ry

m fu sr n: rrsilsfindrrfl unin srnrd fi narudrrTryrfl uo dr.r0.rluryuufiresduns

anrnttanflounloutmtduoo',0"lrflonsrarfludraruro.rniusrnrrr:umddiinarililnrnffnrs

fudouuavnst6sndouludru:cuufrmsri oraooroufiqarrirunvquil:vTusfodr{urnilrusio

ruqu d rdu uin at ihn stn u tturilv n ri.r n {rvrvrn uny rfl u d o gjo rffur o.r fierdrir Ir urn n "wf, $1

titiuriuu ,ioffo,fluunri.rrjrvilq uasRlrlvrsrds.rfinddrrruilo ,uurourfluunri.rdo-rrdsrn'fi

n?lild?tltlltf ornaddnrrrfrsru.rurf.rrlrvmglnscJorn:ruilryrut n.fl. 2538 uudriiil?rurarnr:

f,u f,std#tii.r fi u ert? u 3,s7 z,Goofiu fi nrfl u nn nfi o f,nddld ilu o ron r r ru rr o^9o sn y ge.s ln srfl u

dniilsrn z,Bn,40od'u f,crfiirdo 191,700 du unydunrnnrfiodoidrdldoloolrrvrrrrdsrflou

nvtr.slngrfluflnfldnornolr,nlrdouf,nirirdsr r96,000 du unsrflunanfioornn,r,nlrdo.,

nsih 3s7,s00 du rriulddrrJiurorflnidrriaulnqjrosil:vrvrsovldurornnr:riril:vrurrvrn

(drrin.rruafifiurisnfip $9:t2) u?nusrsil.rmsrnrfluuuritararurrqo'nr'ri0rnuuun ftfianruttandoudtrurrardruiurfludan'ld rds{da€isu ilncrflulntcirorrrrdrmiurf,sririr

marsrfin finaurdrd'qludrunrrflorflufi'urrtrurrfi rdu odu o'rq nnonoufllrfisrrmcfi.r

ilnlut o{sluik ldrrintlunflsRtmnufluraofloruurfrmfi,2s 34:66') uuoolodonruurorfroru

msillfi.rfinurudr6'qotir.r6seionr:dsqrdm d'rdo.rorduanrnuandour::runfidaso'reunu

rlrrqornilnfr'u 1rJ:rryt uflarfiuupszg:+) nasrdorornrinslRsfir,r4rorflufliilsrnrriofldua

ddrrTqodr.ruuot mto yrrl,,dc.soluilrrgornlnnunu,,urf,oenilrnsiN 1 rrrfluuuri.rd,rqnCopyright by Mahidol University

ocreailflr tfl: ulniv 2

u I d qyurd 4 o , ---1 --a-- -.-----d-.^^^'-^: j

uRyloiltltu? til rurytsJ?rflu,ilruauurn (a::orr :rderfir,zs39:106) uon01nflllfirilrio.ilfrs:

rr:rJslsr-il:srRlrttr'rur{larfluff,udrdousio:cfldN:cuufinqdununstvlJlJu't?f,tilil ilon01nu'

f,.rfiqarrirnrrdunurnr: noo n?rrld?ut'rrllsrufiunnfirfiuvrr.rlrJdrTsru.irsovtfludfiolto.r

rinrio.rrd0arflu,ilruauurn luiloq:iusltlrtrailaluurittotil:nualtuoqjluanrasnr:rdu{sio

nr:qnr4rnro (o*rfioumdouttnsvtivturn:atanf2s 36:L-2)

nr:lfirjrslsrfl,otriuolort,uilu,,ri.roonrflu z iltsmn 6o nrrl#rj:vlsud

u?nturrsil{lrsrnrrnsflr:lfirj:cTsmiuirasrls.rnvrn nr:lfirhslgudu?nusruiltnctnld'rrri

nr:riril:sruoff,utllu o,r,orudooficrddlrruilc Tnurnflrvnrldo.r,funvrn nr:1#:J:sluryforn

{lrsrsrauunvufinrrn unsnr:1firl:slssduFuudowstauritrl:vtnunr:1#rJ:vlurritol

; ?riuurn:oonrflu z riautioo 6o nrrl#rjrslumiuinrulirenrfi:rir 'lduri nr::J:sil{1tutn Rt:

nrrsrdsqrjnrlunrsfi uurdcnrir fiarir un, nr:1d:J:cloniu?ranrldnsrn ldrrri R'l:lfl1r!

rd uril o sun:{ mo 0rl n uur:Jvnritdowstn (drnot o Enufi so r? d,zs+ot t)

ornnrrl#rJrylsudluilnrug:Juuuro.ryriflurnruruil.r o'srisl#rfioflqnrnrrru

rdouTvrrucruon oilunrn lufl oqriuldnurl:vrdufl qr'tda'tri'qduafiuriilorn:rrsilsnvtn

rdu dudilrnrornuldqnqnqn rdol#:J:vT0rdlufirn::uoit1 rfsrr.rdruilrnlfi qnarmn::l

runyrmfioqrd our4rl#rfinflarflsilrsio:ruufinaf uonmnfiuua:Jcnrirnrutnrvttriluitear

muilrefrs .l ldqnrirnrounvrdorlvrruns'l:Jodr.rrurn dtarruegdrulmqjuonntfroornderg

r::ruvrftrdafirrurornfionrrunr:ris^rrd0aunsfirn::ild:cu.r triu nr::vtfisr:Jar o'tttdutJu'''

nrrldsrunlR n:rryroerf,uorio ,ruriurrouuornrufioqriuuun ttnvtiolo ornenrufltynrd.r

nrira ocrfiulddrilinsrn:msilodldfuûn:vnurfaulvqjdeufiarnrqurornfions:urro{

u{s 6 (dufin ailfiinr,2sgs :g)

o'roolro4rJrrnralnurirfiorur:J:sryrshJqi:vuuqora,norruu',od, rirl#r?ufinr:

rd.rl#rJ:sTulnfqrnriilsrn:nufl.rodNEuu:{ igldrilerlonralfiq:finronrurcirlfiJrvluuri

nrnilir{urn:rruiklugrJruucirq 1 nnoa0urvr:nrairuh?mqirlrud.rrflunilaunr:flfierdogjln6'

fisrrYuuuri.rvrinsrnrr::rrr6rrndqodo.rnJduuTdnr:flficr ornnr:flfintu'ofrqfiilurtflunt:

nfisrrdonrrdrriol#rfinnr:qnqnriraruodx:rnrirlridrwrflu {frrrurau f,flilir rlsnri.: vrs

nroeirogiluanrurdoruTnrru d.rrsuiuTdnrnnr:nvrfinngururuilrvurt{rrurf,udn{rirlursrs'Copyright by Mahidol University

riardsr?'no rdo ! r tin odouirna rn.u. (rnnlulatn truiu t:dtu'rodsu) n

3,000 [rJsr:01nrruil,rlro{riooaunrn o?uEu lriorndo'rfiorlrsttfiernailillsduq ttiu :vtfrn sr

ruao ufoufiucinrrfiflurrvrnluln6n$dtvil.r rdu nr:1#nh,lflru:.rq'rriofrurJnr rnrirddaurio

h?rfinf,tgururiminornrsruilr drnal#dnirirnsil.rnoril?uratatouo'.triuinqnluttrd ,,u,

dArAqdqoldritnan:sfluTnso:.tsiou'l?iltsiltdudlunuur,,rr"l0il0 (arurrflufrrail:sru.t

duflrunrnl d,zsin:t)

ornnrrdr:aodrruslurjrsil{fl uta il.fi.2538 nudrfi ,frueuniariourjrvuwvtnlu

:J:rrnsnlns,nnlrdr{lor:ilrsurf,uficdfidwilsr s3,313 nfatfsu nri.rrfluniatfourj:vru.r

crurorf,nilioniarfourjrrrodrflufsuns gs unsnirtiouilrsutnrfrsd3osas rz (ntdrf,enf

qrggard,Zs3g:30) orntruiffgflss Tokisna,R. ltns Duangsawasdi,H (1992:23) :rstrudr

il:srurru g lu + clo{nsrrfourjrsrurrirtrunluiltstnnlils tflurrarj:srutdurlrulfirndorfiel

fire,rfs uasfirfissfosnu 9 rflumarj:slqflrfrrd l#rieruroluqjndr to dun:oa (narruqfin

rfluduro.rrdoddr,rnruludrrforfturn) 6,,rril'l6drrrarJ:vutdurlrurflurra:Jrvutnriulvqi

{oqilrvrfla nrrilrsu{il:rrouddqrfluunri.rdrriqlunr:afrttrudruiunierfoudogilu

:rinorrroflsilnsfirrfluuilrke6norlnrTrJrduddrdrglfiurifru?lnnlurJ:vrma ,uootod"l,

:J:yu.rdufirufi.riidaudurf,uflnfifinf,unr:ldrj:slsrdornninsrn:muiltluntddvrintlrn:

vrsDkiinarrrdouTvrrrudurdsqilrornnuldrjrslsyridfioidfiororisl#lfiotnnnrsnulousrt'i

sionmJ:sil{dufi* Grdcisa,n- anrt uraqepailasdil{, 1(D3 :42)ilncnutdouln:xloflin0rn::Jrvru.t

luvryrarf,rhirfionrnrflsdnsrrilurodrqutnmfldrh?rlrrJ:cil.rdurhurfiornerrudottfrsf,uil:vrut

o?ua'rRuasrhruroruqu Inunaruffnuftdfi:rngrilil'10'rRR'littti.ttturilrhnrmJ:vrutfiufu

ro.r (rruf; ffuvrl:rJnrai,2s4tz2)uuoo',nd,oforfiooruquff'rriolfrfio?tnRtvvtlJttnsrlodsrud.rsio

r]:srusdufirudrt Inooeuqunsr4rnrsmforfiorJ:srHdd'nfis'ililnruduoauo'tnnr:quriru

oroundo.rfiso?uqu dundolfiorJrsr.rdurhururirriu lduri aou uav o?uaos duflurnfo'r

fiorf,rnr:rJrvrurdqndornlilnAuil1r, unroruqufirriol#rfionrnn:svtucisfitesivr0rilfirfiu

1e r r n: of ror r :qrn!,zs4t z2l)I

0'rRRliur,lridenrn4rnrril:surorunrnodrt:ant$r d:snouf,unr:r{r:hvuqtosnlvrurflurvuurdi

(open Access) tr}i'dudurtriaudrfluuuritturvr{u,{fieririrqndrnrsnttflu

d'ururndrsiinr:rhil:cu{to?un'tn duooroorrr{rnr:il:srutdaurnfotfioo?unlRttnvo?uqu

rfl u nrn{rnruniuurnrriou{r.rq.rlurirurirln r, (n.rdfrorri qqga.rd,xre, t+;Copyright by Mahidol University

narfit trfltljrliv 4

eiraflnnrfirflueirarfloqivrvradsoqjlurundttnotfiol ttnvd't,ouorniunu{f,{nielq d i Ir qilnqril fluflol?ilflorfio$yrr.roroumfioflo.rfrsvis drutiluooc,oqeiratrnttilarulnt*d.rrfluf,u

,t1udo*uuun'lrjluvrsrnludnuuvo.rou (splig finarilurr:Jtsillot te fiInrilst: vuru'hJfiu

,,ur"loflono.rududulrqjluuuaerviuoon-nsiusro fidudtf.tnila 74 nr:r{filnruq: ttnct'o

rfludraddrrirguri.ruue.ruornrnldsroutirtil.reirrlvru fl{€iradruuonfidnstustfluttuadur:rs

fiqnn'oriunrurrrflurenrulu0uRalCIrfluut,taruureldsTou€ira'l{ risndr ttilnilnrfriliosiruns Co q e r cr d4et -. .q{---r--4^.----.{l - 9..-l-d-..--.r-^^^^ltl-^^^ r d

luilnil rfl t nJ!0quu eirafl fl nrfi fi'f,nsilsrfl u€i,rdun'tufl o fi uririrunsrirnnsslunn.reirefi

drfiq z aro 6o inirir ilnnd tslnnnrfrlrndracrndmodios unsnnssurX 1#ornitilo#ul ttns dlrrlj rn rl r - I , o -,-. --€- -.----ê---.,-1-.-.-.----.----^.--.^^:-^^s-Scr{ rilnn{qRuol?rl:r?ru rhuuNrJ rirrnosvni.r :suuu-tadrlttuuttdtlttdlu:sm'ir.rrirdn ttnv

rirrdruoroseira Iosrnflrrsdr{Aquirauroueirrdruluuasuitanrflueira riol#rfiodudntr,u,

uas:Jrrrutnudu ,ruunr:nryutitturuoril R'l:flf,ilruflluorr,,ori',unv:Jrurstnud,uu dld

nmur{luriruudwo.rnnlrdAfirglunr:fnunnurugndfirufiradtoqin unnirlfrtirailcrnd riJu

rulrd.do$orfimmdnirfunu?kr,raruvfindarq:nirni'sildwo.:nrn1fi (inrur qfiilf,n"2sge:tz)

riubrn:c,ordm,rardud:oueirailnndi il:snoudf.u *titit dni{h ur:arhlrir trnsntrar

lfirrr,il{yfiocir{"1 ,uoolodf,oiiunrir,flrurur',0 rfodununu'to'toddurluqqoluuavundogj

orfiurJ:sdruiranrdra 0rRn?ludurtrrofiro.rvrinsrnrd.rnrirr eirrflonrfid.rldiuntdurisUf;rflu

drd,iurirrbfl.rvrsrn (coasbl werland) dna:rirurinr:oqindorndl4Rlttd'tRntdooqindr::n

yrdttngniuurnrurftlnn (The International Union Conservation of Na[ual ResourcesJUCl.I)

(qrfla oroqrru'u,2533:41) aolodrdntR'rrJR'tlruas:su:Ju'ttf,rltoteirr 6qrflu{rrndrflilrc

' Jd r" d 3 { - rrgilrdulduri djrvrstauilR R'rr9{.$nil g]uxo{qilsulrq'15{sfl lJu11uglil n.l'il{fl 'l1l:Tl u'lR:!

dnilir dniun unvniusrn:du1 niuurn:,trrirdldlflufloffurnsunci.rdvirfiu du'tnouu'lr'lt

drf,nordu rnfsrfisrnforl#uncnr:donrdrudurorquruilrvruq:oueiiailnnrfiilt#rutu

(5qru r qf,orfi n "z,sr

a: t a)

ueilufl oqriuanrndrailnnriiriru:J:saufl tgurnmrurdoulvrrru du luao{urntR nr:

rfiurium.rrjrsurRruasRrrfrudflddrrfisusdr{rrfiuurodrssiordoqndr 3 rfl?ttu ,rrriool,

nvrfionqnur0uouiooaulilo?ualnldri.rnrnhi'eirailcrnrfidldiior'rrflud'r.tifidt{titqtuai | ! - ot 1 - - 4-. 4----e-

an:1:niriurJ:saunrasrdoulmru (fif; qvrin:rf,uftinrnudul ,253624s) uonorniinr:rir

ilrrusoruqururnlnqjrish{rn'enrnn:svrucionr::J:snouorfiurl:vutllo.rnr:J:surdufiru

:oudrrf,nsrrfi ruaornrnrflrlfirndosfiorJrruqdufrurdsilrsdrriauhaqjrfluoeunotl{.r o?ilCopyright by Mahidol University

riorfi srinudo uu tintlrdsluna rn.u. (rnnluln?nr:uiut:fisurndsl) /s

ou{uoufonrshJfies :rrurftrdoiinr:rir:J:sru{to?uEu:J?tanrlsrrhh?nr:rirrJ:vlrdurlru

c,o{rm?il:sru.rdufruuiranrriuosfidsr:rnr:frufiqirirsirndr:Jn6 (a:rn:nf tns{e,2541:7)

uon0lndnlr{s'r0d?r,o{dudurfl.rf,.rdrnnn:svrusiailiil0rn:rruiltuitrot:oudrr tduoo'',0

Rlinan{uoodud{l'r"'rorniluNri?udgnurlranrvrrfluurrfi unsnltil6outirdoo'torr{rdfinrn

rflusioanrflrcuufirasfl,orilinsrnrrruil.:d.rnsfinn1rf,'#qdfioo,$ruaunlhlfiau dudurr1.r

d.rjrr,ms,f,iuduoln szs,s2gl:'lufl il.fl.2530 tflu szg,ooo 1:' 1ufl v.d.2s34lufrinirrflosrrfi

qrfionr:rurvrdnflrqardrnldfinr:turudastixmqr$ardufiu dudo'ttdo.r{.rtorfi.ruiold

rfiuorn t,zss ldlufl u.?t.?sgr rflu 4qs+ ldlufl r{.d.2535 luda.rnnrtdsafi'ud dudur{slu

tirnsusmiurnsu?raorroueiraflsrnrfifidnrrnr:tutodrqrqo 6o rfirutrn oz ldrflu z,ooo

n'ir'ld (drriniffuunvfiorurps 37 :3-4r)

-J<aorr u u or nodrfi narru,irrfl udosfi nu rft :ysTu ntfi rizudauto.: rllrl:vrusdurhul u

nr:orlindninsrn:muil{r uns n?1ildufruf:sn'ir.rfranrJ:64:reir.r1f,unt:firiaudau flq:tr

qrla:rndrfieduraillilfiq{srauonusunvuu?rrttunr:riuairunr:firiru:'auttnst6.u#u

nerudrrYtgroranrnflqmrnr:rdotln:rro.rninurn:srsfl.ruitrotrirrflsrorfilufloqriu uav

rfioaoerndorn'uuuanrrnrrf,onrrrl:cil.rdfiil:vfimfinrn IErulfrvrrrJrrru'rdufllurcirilrfi.iru

*arulunuffnnrnjrnn iilorn:msilqrflu

flilrisiuorsruosr4rhi'rfiorn?'uJrd?{u?rlr dauflurirlr#rdqua ilnflosrtnsflorf,u hihi'sra

ilrvrurnrfisdlq1rurr{rrJ:sil{1ur{crl,sreru nfonriudr4lrJrroodArai nguilrfqrrril:vutns

:'arufiuriruuna'inr:r4rrjrrtod,nulraruunytfiEril:slsrrfrurndqt (lttynrf 6:rafis: 2sa03)

rm#oassrnfio.rfiuiprrugryniurroronffn:lvrdlfiriruuolfi 'fgdo.rrhniumvafudqunr:fi

riruirrum,nJ:cmrulumrrilrunulruru nnfio?ulovrNmrdot nuarumurlotulmugfiofitnt

uasnr:dlol rarrfiuorr*rroaoumrl&imroiglu4n:vfi:r'onoqoul#'fgfiom:vorodrurol#de.:o'u

*ouru,uo,ruydofiulolufionr:rlo.rfiuldrottdsfrflur ra:ugfioludorfiu tuuudlr1:qrJlnn

rnrmrnrgrJnrr dludu rarhliiquufimrrufiemrnr:dorunJ:vrvrslu*:qrnrfrsuts:ugfio ttnv

d{niluri{nfi srfud 8 (u.f,. E4a-zsn)dr nriradr qnraranfnrrr{srurddrftgdr qvrtararr$

nrrra?rur$rrnrrfiriaudrrurornulunrsurunrrrf,wutrflunr:risteirunarruttiutt{ttot

antiun:ounfrunrquru lfiiuvrurmunsfirirudrrulunr:r{surtn:ugfio dtnru isltut::tl

fi.ruaqfioru ttavnrrtfissnr:dnn:os rta;ftduqmrareflfnr:u?ur:finnrt daunr:n:sorunr:

arurruu nr:iirieudrrulunrrderfiulnntlrJdwd'u gfi nrndoqfiu,,urqu"uutoduCopyright by Mahidol University

rodrun: Xdirnrit I e

t.z inqrl :vasn{$osnr:?ffsl

r.z. r rdsdnu'rrydiln1rfi riaudaurorsmil:vutdufirulunr:orlindvrivr urfl lsltr

ilo

r.Z.z rfiodnurnartfirufiuf,:rtdr.:deu:.|:oa:vsir{t fi'unr:fi riaudarutosrre

rJ r nr r du rhulu n r: oqindmiu sr n: srtlil.r

r.z.g rdofi nur ilqrnr qile::nro.:ry',tJrrruodufltulunr:oqfndvrivrur n:nuill

:ail'hJo'rclorf,lrouusuuailrqlunr:ri{rairunr:firieudrutolsrrrJ:vru.:durirulunr:oqfnd

iliflsrn:rrsil.t

1.3 R ro u uilana rru ft srlun r:?ffs,

lu.rru?flsngodrjrrouudas daurJ:6arrri.rurus, s da lft rri orq :vrTu nrrdnur

,rur,.u.durffuo{ ,ilruauarurinlunferlou rru'lfi dfl'ruR'ruyrlrdqnu nr:ld'ildma',t,dut

f,unrrorlindrninsrn:mofu olrfriornrroqf,ndvriuurnrrrsils Tnsfidatril:nril ldilri

n r:fi riaudrtto.rtrartrcutdu#rulu nr:oqinfvriil urn:ursil-t

1.4 to ulirerl,osn t:ifftl

t.+. t il:ssrn:dao dr.rdfi nur

nr:fl nsrnfsd4odo"'r"'rarJrsusdurlrudrfl ufianrhniariouufoqiaru:anfo

arurfindrfludaununirrioulas r ou dfiurqrfiu ts fldsorf,ooqjuinssrsfltmstnludra

ilqnrii ftraiofl nnrfilu:sssnnrhidrndr r fl

r.+.2 drddor't

drdfin"'t ldrui u?r"lordrrfl nnrfi lududdrtnotfiosttnsdrrnoss?r;{ fr'rmio

qArJ9t911U


riarfr-nin ordo uu tin urduufi on

1 3 nmil uu?n?lilfiolunrr?fftl

rn.l. (nrnlulaintruiiltrfrsttandol) lz

eJeqo q5 nu n: fi ulntT'lur.l.l

ui e J .-n?1ri fli$o.t n1 : o q in fmin u r n :

ilUfl{

-31u'ld

-dfi1uR1Tlvrl{f,{n!

-o1q

-rcdunr:f,nsrA-l

-5gugt?a1Yto1f,uCIg

-6ruruaurSnlunir

rfsu

-ERttlt o{tu

ninurnrrlrurgrau ilssnoudru fi tnr:rurioo'lduri

-nr:fid, udrrtunr:rJqndhD I C l"

-n15 l!{nlnltil?lllltrlulau

-n1rdlttoonddqlunrrlnrtnr: ilgndhvrurau

-nr:dutfl unttun't:luIn:{n1:ilqnih$1ulau

-n1: d?ililte{utuln:tnrrilqn {Jrtrutnu

nirnurnrd:stq il:vnoudru fi nn::ldotl ld'rrri

-nr ld i'u f,nidll u q gl.r'l d

-nr:hitr'uf,nirfrdfioif; losldar:tnfi uis fi onqnruruil:vu't rqiu :crfi er

rJar,l#urrdo.. e af ln rrnc,

-n'l: ilnoudn?illvr lll lolu'lo

-nr: d'lrutitunt:Nnlrlu durnu rJ: su'rdl rhu ilsrsrrfi

-nrsd?lJltda{nfl lfiorfi u'lu nl5 il:sTlr1|0 {fl u'n uil: su'rdu filu ilnclrfi

-n1: r'?u50l5rrrinis jrurJ:ssrfllrft'udlfr4r rh vu.rdqn?f;

minurnrrrunro ilrcnsudru fion::lriou'ldlrri

'n1i rfi il fl usrta ginumllildso lnil3l?stslufi 'la

-nr:'hiaftdl ilqnairllStlolsl u?l ler

-n1r d 1rlo o nidErdo r4rfit tl uc

-fl ffi d?!frnmulunrrYnurn?lutlso'ln u?l?Bls1ull'lrl

-n'r: d?utgl:.triilf odru rJ:smf,ir{udldinumllrtdso 1rl u?trilsruil retCopyright by Mahidol University

roilnr 1dl unfr r s

t.+.r iltcrdunr:dnur

n 1 r d nu rn 9o d4o do" r n r: ii rf a u d? il c, o { ur ? il : v ru.r du fru I u n r : o q in dninsrnrrrsil.rlu 3 minsrnrudn do mfnurn: ihyrgrnu miwsrnril:yrr unymins.rnrr.rrr

rro lufion:rudos ta fionrnr rY.rd

nf,usrnr {lrrrurau uri.rrflu o fion:rrrios lduri

- nrriirfrudrul u nrrrJE n rf r

- nr:hirlnqodudil',n'ro,uu

- nr:iarusoniaqlunr:Inrrnr:ilqniJrrrsrnu

- nr:drrurfl unrrrunr:luIn:rnr:ilqn{lrrrsrnu

- nrrdaruil:vqululnr.rnrrilq nilrrrurau

- nr:ilfr{sis16'rrrlrdrfisfi nrrn:sdrfi nnfoqnqndudil.r".,uruu

ninsrn:il:vrur urfurflu z fionr:rudos ld'uri

- nrr'lrif,udndrirluqqarr 1d

-n r: hi ffu dn,irird nEra; to sl fiar : r n fi

:crfinilnr,1#srrds

- n r:rjfi e sfin itildltldrr.rt- nmdrrurfl un:runr:luarurnru:Jryru.rdurirufl nn rfi- n r r da u u an r n a r ru fi n r ri u 1 u n r : rJ r y qil I o.r dru r n ru il r v ru.: durir u

flgrnrfi

- R rr dr u : ru :.r rfir f o ia ru rJ : s rr dru rf,u fl #ri r rJ : s ru.r d q ni6

- nrrufr{cior6'rur?rdrdofi nr:rirrlrsruodfi oo gnu-ru

mf,nsrn:ursmrn ril{rflu 5 fion::rudos lduri

- nrrdur usuasf,nurnarruasornu?l?or uluilre- nrrhiair.rd.rrJqnafr{u?rau vronrel

- nr:duo o niaq rdor{ rtY{ c, r,c

- nrrdrufrnyrulunrrfnu'rn?rilflyo'rsruinar rrsursr

- nr:daru:ur.rr{uforjrsrrdrun-uflfif,nu.rn?rudvo rou?raar rrsfi rel

--4q- A I r?t:0arnRailillulJtsu{ tuu


riorfi niyr s rdu u u rin ura'suil'on an.r. 0nn'lulntnr:u:-ilr:dsil:qdo!) ls

r.+.+ dauil:vrdlfl u nrr?f,s

r.4.4.r 6anil:6a:y

fl offsvrr.rrj:yum: lduri

01q

:ssYunr:dnsrdvr

tggst?nflt01d00g

druauaur8nlunirrfou

fl o ffsilr{f,snrura:u gfi o lduri

nslddo'luR'tlt1t1rf,rnu

ilofisnrsuon ldurihgro , d v v J v

nrr ldiuriradrrrAs? f,u nrrorlinrivrin0'lnrfi u;l.rgtA v I

na rufrio t n r: o q infvr iyr u I n r slrJil.l

r.4.4.zdaurj:nrru lduri

n t r fi ri a u d a il il CI { ut ? il r s u.r du rh u 1 u n r : o r1 f ndn ifl 0 r n : m uil.:

lufi o n::utiuor{onugr t8 fionr:u

l.4.5 ruosr?nrlunr:rfi r:ru:aurloqn rsudl{iud zs nqainluu n.f,.2s42 d.l

-l?ilfl 3 ilRrlnu n.?1.2543


roiunr Xnfunrir I to

1.s cxilil6Erilnl:r.ffr,

l.s.l nlrilGfaud?UvotrrerJ:vru.rdurhulunr:or1indilifl srn:sruil{osfi rfaudarulu:ydueir

t.s.z nrriirf ?ui?iluo.tsrarJrsu.rdurhu lu nr:oqindvrf,n urn rmsil,rlunrirudfiorgrurn oviirfaudarurn nf rnriudiior gr?oo

t.s.g nrriidrud'lutotmerJrrt.rdudrulu n usqfndvrivr urn: rruihlunrirufifinrrdnurqr osiiriaudarurnnf rnrjrdfi nrrfi ns rdr

t.s.c nr:firirudauc,o{rrerJrcil{dufirulunr:orlindvrinurnrrruil..rnriildorf,u

o gjlu:v uvnnruru oviirirudrurrnndrnrildorfruo qjru:v urranr#u

t.s.s nr:iidauiautsqrrarJ:vru.rdur?ru 1u nr:oqf,ndvrflu ornrnuilsnrirudfi

'flruauarur8nlunYarloutrntvficiaudauurnndrnriudfi,ilruauarurfinluniadourloa

t.s.o nr$ldaudattolrrarJ:sru.rdurirulunrrorlindriusrn:rruil.rnrirudfirro

1 dq.r o vfi ria u dau q,r ndrnrirudfi r ruldoi r

t.s.z nufi riaudruilo{srlrJrsu.rdur1rulunuoqfndninsrn:srufl.r lunrirudfi

flo1u Rrryr'r.rd.rnu osiidaudaruqs ndrnrirudhifi anru n rnn rr d.: nn

t.s.a nrrfi riau:'ailc,o.tvrrrJ:sru'rdurhulu nr:oqindnin urnrrruil{lu nriudm

narrufrdo.r nrroqindnYnsrn:srgil{urnovfi riru darururn ndrnrjudfi nlrlflilo u

t.s.g nrriiriaudauto.tvrrrJrsru'rdufrulu nrroqindvrin urn:rrs;hlun4rud1di:.rdraar:rurn ovliriauierrurn ndrn4rudtd?utrear:do s

r.o fisrruffnrflunr:iffg

nrrfiritudrl uuruolt Rssu?uRr:!rder{ooRror:trnnnu$onrirulunuu1rd.rru

n:vdrfion:rrurfslnrrnrrlufinsilveirrol lduri nudarurlfrrifi druuaosnarufi,or#u irrud,n

frulo darurhvqu darurfl uRrtilRrt dunJ:cmdsJrf,uf darufnrau daruoonirq daruoo1sr\:

:aru6t nrrfrnnrrl#vrin grnldol#rfi nnufiruu rnforrjduuudm'lillun'anr.rdd'uoorr d.rovfi

fl n n :vyrr ciofrinna rurfl u o $to,rnu


rierfr-nin uldu I u rin utduur'na rn.l. (rnnlulntnr:u?urriil[asrdou) n I

vrarJrsl'rdur?ru mursn'.r rruj:su.rdn'rrillsil{uuurftrfiildasrndorruoorurorrdn

hifr'uaris l#rfoturnrilnnarrusrarfohirfiu 14 rilsr: luu?raarrir.rornil.rhirfiu g filnruo:lsr sl #r rr{ { ru riauhaqilu ns o unf?

nrrorlf,nd ilurso''t nrtlfinivrsrn:h?rfinrJ:vTurrfq.rqneiourludunvil,,'rrnudo,

1 #yriyr srn:rfuhflfi orq6uuradqolnufi nrrqqrfl smfn srnrln srrJdrrJ:slsyrifiosdclnuav

tfl u nr:rJrvu f,ol{rdol#lil0u'rnounnsdor nrvo runr:1#ilru Isrdrrnnf,r{uin:In sfi?o'rriu

miusrn:rrsik uursn't vrifl urncr::ruvrfidiio{u?r:orursil.rdrfi nerudrriqcio

:silufinqforn.rruifrudffif,sldriruusrryfiorvo.rvrinurn:rruil{ddnur 6s fliuurnrihrrurau fl iilurn:ilrvrur uasninurRs$'rr,?ngl

nr:ldiudr?d'ri t{u1CIff.r narudlunr:ldiudraar:rdmfrunr:or1infmin01R5u'ru

ilt ornnrrdrurari.rdofirrf drufinsarr fl.rinq ufoqlvr:rfiorf nrrldiuflrornrfrruflrd rirnrhmqjrlru {rirnrir mrfnrrsnrudfiuElrduofiu rruntuorrauuurfruquundrl,,asnr:rdr

iunr:ou:ru

dn'lu R'l1,lrt'Nfitnru fi ilr0ds grur nr:dr:rdrumrirnr.tdrnruqlolil:vurn:1u qruuu

niu frrirdo.rdu lduririrriu flluqjrlru arurfin oilo. Rrmrnrrnqirhu

r.z rJ :Cssri{in rsrirovntsiYuo rnn r :?ffg

r.z.r rdsldvrnudsrsrTucJo{nrrfi riaudrurossrarJ:rru.rdurlrulunr:or1flnd

niusrnrnsil.r

r.z.z rdohflvr:rudtnnrufirufiuf,ryndr'rd'au:J:64:voirr 1 dfi nrasionr:fi rfaudaru

v o r yr r il : v u.r du rlru lu n rr or1 indn iu s rn r rr uil.r

t . z. g ntio 1 dvr : ru fr t fl q n r q rl a: : n r o,r yr a il : y u r du fru 1 u n r r o q infm f,n o r n:

ryrsil.rrau'hjdtr1stauouus ttuanrtlunr:riqa?runr:firiaudaililo{rradrsu.rdurlrulunr:

oqindvrinsrn:rroilr

1.7.4 fltultorldoaqrlornnrrdns r rdotfl urturmrrlu nr:arq uruu mis nr:fionr:

tfisfrsurnrrorlindvrinsrors'rr,tlo uiranreirafl nnrfi ruoqildru{rudrdsaolor


rnfiln: Xdl nun?u155$lfltil., / l2

I4lunn2

nufl?il?:tolRt;il

z.t uu?Aauarnqufinrddeuial

2.1.1 R?ril?tilrsrfl o{nrrfi deuiau

0lnnltdnurto'r ffi f,tlnudr fi nr:hi'narrfi ilrr,uo{ R t:fi riauiaul{rurn d,rfi li.t

orrrumrrsdndrsna'{ilnsiln neir{fru nird:au:aruldfr :rfl nsr6 sod,rsiolild

lunriudnu{.rfinrcl#nrrililil'rufloirR'rriiriaudaru fiilr0narildrnarruuiurVotdor

frulurds.rtstnarildo{Rlltnun?'rudosnuovdorfirurnnoourfioTn:rnrlfionr:rJfr'rio'uay

tfinnrnnarruduforo.rrlrr"r"rriororflomnqnnnnfonrirunudaruiufisrrou Inufinr:qrvilfindril6'rifinr:mfonr:n:vrirvfinrurdr4llrunrjrumfoluurrunrjrurfu nrvr{rairuotr{nr(organization) Inofi ffi f,udhflnarrumrursuo{nrcfi cieudaru'l{l ndrd u{ riu ld'uri or n:aifiu ff,uvrfadx Q52z:19)ttns n:rfrnr vudeszqtg-ro)uontrnd6o iilafflridfi.rr{(2538:16)

lunrirudao.riinr:hflnarililu10cJo{R rrfi riaudarumusnr rru6q nr:rlvnsfiiar: r{

vrr.rfi.rnlhidrovtfluts.tfltttnqnnnnforo.rnrjruTErufinr:dailfio drilrJq'f6 uaydaruiufior

uoudaufiu luria.rranrdgnfrtmvunurilrJludrr ru{01#rfisrnrrr{wurunynJduuuiln{hJlufis

trrtddo.rnr: Inuiiffifrudhflnllrrrwornrrfideudarulflndrds,rrTulduri u'iuorf oqfind6(xnttSs) unv inrnsf (Reeder,l974:39) uonolndAof qtd dua?qltori (2531:8) uav

r{tufu rfinilqqr{onf (xgsr 24) nav ffid'odfti'narilnilrglndrdsqfiu noo flolns 6vrr'u.rd

(2536:18 ) unr qufrunf dsrfq (2535:16) uuoolodlduri dtgfu qfirf,udimr: (253e:13 ) uay

frf,ud susilltduurni (zs+zrg) mudt s.rrfnrrar.rrj:yyryrd (uniredNations,lgT5:4) uav

dr fn t r u t t : {.1 ru r v il dr t rr fi ( nternational Labour Offtw,t9l L :7 )

lunrirudarrufi nr:h{naruutllutorRrrfi rirudrru musnaruo'r nrrdigrrnd.rta?ilttactflolonrahfrJrvuruuluprrulduirurflriaudarulunr:fior:turmfouffhflqnrro.r

qiluu rffob?rfinnrrdrtfiutruttnsnrrr{surd.rrflugnrcrae,fddrrYtgroqnrrr{orurqrrruTnuCopyright by Mahidol University

riorn'niil ufiu uu rin udo! u'oa an.r. (rnnluTatnrru?urrdqrtrafrsrl) /rs

fiffit'udlrfln?'ruril1s'ornr:iirfrudaul{1ndr6u,rfru1d'uri lyrinf rnsy?uild eszt:gq) uavlnIroriqvduqyrf(zsgI:24) uoR0'rodrofi6;u6ndrudld'lt?narililurudInflr6s.rfi'u

nô

qn:rn:nf r:rrurrd es+t: tz)nriudd iinrrhi'narililil'ruuoirRrrfiriaudeu urursnarrudsnrlilsrlonrahi'rj:vrr

uuldfrriauiallunrrdn nrlfiorrotr nr:dnfiulo nudruilfirifi unrdariufisrroulu,#oooirtl :arud.rnr:il'onrrlfivriilsrnrd{osiinnn:syrusiofinnarilrfluo$roulrysluuro{ Inufifrio'0dl#nerilmiltut o{Rrriidaudarul{tlnd'rds.rnluld'uriqinni 1drrui (2526:2il uns ninoru'rfiisnrf e527:r-5) ruoo.rodf,oii o6u :fir{mri eszT:32u)uns oqRln fitarn es2r:r3):arud.rnrrh?nrrnnu'tudlndrfis.rfiuus.r 6u rjiyrg.,oqmf etgtzazD unv rftqai irruv(2536:la)

nriudri'r finr:ldnarililu'ttlto'tRrrfrrieudaru nrursnarruffs nrriloudru-,0drg..,,6uqfrlrvrrrulunudruuetnrrrffsrur Totsrfrsurruoyfrrfaudaulunuir?ru?l.ur]ruunssirrfiu

nr:lu fi on::rudrdua{oqriuanrunrrurfl u o $ro.roudaru1{1nd'rfiu{d'u lfirridsfu dirtuu?{ uns nrqR

tn ofi fr5d'udh?na rruu u r uil o { n r:ii riru

qn6rt'uf (2s34:92)

lu nrjudn n fi nr:hi'narruuillsuo'r R'r:fi rirudeulu n'nuar vd n rrfi rieudaruoyrfr o

duldrrsrnsirqfiuhJlufifidmld.rrfiorduldfinrudnuils nnrugiluuu ilnrsednr: nnrsfio

Rt:lJ llnsilarui'nqil:va{riln0iidugruo{uunrrrfi'srfiulo nrratfioilq'rifi unsnrlgfuflunnrJrsI0rflnufi{56'udh?n?1ulfru'rCIro.rnrrfirirudailt{lndrds{riu ldrui rJirrgr parirfQszasl unchd (whit,t 982: I 8)

drniunr:dnurif,odffiflsld^hl'narrumillsuo.: R$fr riaudaul{d,rd .,nr:iiriru

daru' mlrso*.t ililr00'{nrsu?uR'lrlrf, n{oo Rilo{qnnnufo nrjrulu nr:r{rdau n:yr{rfi on::ru

mfoln:tnrrlufinuarca{x1 ldlri nrrdtrrlffi drurenqnarrun'eurXu darurJ:vqru durfluRttuR'lt druJrssrfrufruf iaufrnryau dauooniaq drruosnn:.r :auo'{nr:fiqnrrl#vrinsrnrtdoh?rfisrnr:r{ourrasoujdsuurJn.rhlluficvrrsddo,:nrr dsqvfrflanrsvruciofiist

narrurfluo$uo.reru

tounafrr (2526 : t2-13 ) uav arun'fld


roairlur tr# nun?il?t'otRttu / 14

2.r, nqsiinr:nodruirs

lunr:dnsrr$otnrriiriauieru ld'rirvrqufi drduar7arrurfl uuuenrrlunr:dnsr ld'uri vrqu fi nr:6nsiodoar: unv nqu fi nrrnrcdrmtf,rnn

z.t.2.l vtqu fi n rrfincio ds arr (Communication Theory)

T:rl o f (Roger, I 973 ;45) ld: v q o''r na rru #rur(u d: v u drr nr: iur o r ln ri f,u n: vur u

nrrfiorciodoar:lfir olrdqnouosfinr:iuroslnrirfuduogjfrun:vurunr:sr'neiotioar: do

lduri rio.rvrroorrduarruncilqfrudrdgef,udnunvriaufia drff

r) iloo'sdrdsrf,udnu u vdauda dolAr,ti o1qfl o{qnna do1r.r R'rnnrsdr nu gruv

nr.:tmugfio d.r:rrun''rrrsld c,uroddu nrrdon:o.rd6'u unrn?lild'uJrornnrsodr.rdr:arud.r

rsdunrrdnsr

z) liotmrtn'ttdoa'tt nrrruf ufonrvueunrrcr^nsiodoar: d,rrJrynoudau{fi,rnr:

riouurirrirriiorc,s{ar: dowrrnr:donr:uavfrf,uar:

rf audowrq nrtduclt d.rrfl uif; nudffri.rarrhJfi.r{iuarruun lfifl u 2 dnu ar v4no

t) tiowrrtnltduartutnru (Mass Media Channel) rfluiinrrrirsmondraar:fi

rdua#o.rf,udor,?aru r:iu nri.rdsfirur{ fioscrr ?lrdr: risd,rfiur{du1 uiu nrnuuerf ?vrq

lvrdsrirfludu

z) dowtrtnr:dseirsvildrtqnnn (Inrerpersonal channel) rflunudprsiorymdrr

qnnnmaorirsmondraei::vuf i.rfl d.rar:n'u{iuar:

T:rosf (Roger) f,.r'ldnriradne'r dorurnruiinerudrdqluolr,fiunalrufnrlnrd

ntvnruEir{alrr.rriuolrur:orJiuuJfruufisun6m.rrlnnald uurdourusufidnfinncionrr

nld su urJn.rfrcu n firo.rqnnnldurn ndr

d.roroaqrJld'irnrsurunrrfinciodoar:fi 6vrrûaeionr:rfiunaruf errur:nrJi:r

nJdtluyTaunfuo.rqnnald dsruri.rarnl#finarrfnarrur{rlorfirudu agtnauq:smu-nl#uri

q uuuu'rodud.rovrirhJqinr:iiriaudarlufi onr:rueir1 luqruuur.,odu


riorfi-srino rd'u uu rin urdwn-oa rru. (rnnlulnin ru:'u r:dqrrndou) /t 5

2.1.2.2 ytqudnunrs?irmr{d{nil (The Theory of Social Acrion)

lunrrdnurnr:fi riaudauuo{rJiuurvurfu fi narilrd0a{orn'r.rnun:sr4rnrrfirnru

d'r nrfflu (Parsons ,t951:279)'ldef;ursnrrnrudml{d{nilxo.rruqsdludnuaryda1illrsril

hJrJfuldfiud{nulnstTahJ nr:n:sr{rln1to.rruq",itfu duogirYuqndnnrnc,o.rusinsnu:vru

dtnruttnvistut::tludtntdqnnarfurfluarurfinoqj drioruorrudor,flusTaririlunrduaniu

nnudn o.'n rdu n?lildrln unsrsuurirfiuuvorqnnn

iorrnof (Reader,l974:39) nld'atûrunr:n:sr4rrtrrf,rnrua'ril:ynoudasflof,silarg

il:rnr: fild'firn'nrfis.rflof,ulnilofrsilunr uaynr:n:yr4rrorqnnalurfo.rlsrfinrruduoqif,uflofru

oir.r 1 rriu rrJrrj:sa.rr{ narrurds ilasrirfiuil nnoa0uuuur::urfisuj:yrutfiddunoorfiurur

,, u rfo ur'r u n r o ui'.r na rru q n fiu r In s n ?'r u d1il.r 5 o lJ o { q n n n d rfl u fl n r vrh

,u oo'rodinrerof fi,rlifofuru6{ermEc,o{RlrRryrirl{ri'.rd

t )luaorunrraltotnr:nrsrirnrrfrrnuoyrdua{osf,unqdnr:ililr,rfisnildsusi

avnufi rmq nnilsiayodr{lunrrdnfrul onrvr{lrsr ncirr rYu

2) q n n n u lo o.r r{n : o csYn fi ul o u f o u asr s n r r n : sr{ r u r du g', r r u r n ri ru rl n n n dr fin

fi ul ofiuaonndormioor.r fiufl qnrro{dnlu Rrruirfur

3) tuqrunuNiltsRlto't00variuaqunrrd'erfrulounvrmqnalrsrlrvRlrot00v

siodrunrrdndulo

4) ruegarnrfudnfiulold'hi'rirrarindusrnsirtrYulunr:r6onnro1nau6oflof,gdii6rr^

Yrasionr:dofru1o

s) nn eprnd rd se {s { flu n rr fio fi u 1 o rfu hi 1 dru r o r n ru q n n 1 o ur q nu n unr rf orfo n r,orrd1 ' CC I u e I

us|luu REilu 0iilt{qatn?unu?{o.t fl udnuatvrlul

o) lunrrdsrdulo nrirutuurnqûdtdsa{o{rTuanrunrrnltfulosiidvrf;nncionr:sYo

frulnluqnlanra

ornnqufidlnrim ftnoaq:Jld'drnr:r9rh?rfinfion::uur,rd'.rnrurdolfnulu

dsnrur{ruriirieudarfionrrumr{d{nru loudo.riinuur{r1olui6fi?st rirfisr orinilrsrild fi's

un6totqnno nrrfiorurTnunrrl#6i{rfrdruu'rrau rirhJqinr:darurfinluqurun?rdrilfio

nrrm,o{qilrrulu grJuuuror nrrfl cirudruilacnrrruarTo:l0Copyright by Mahidol University

roa'unr Xdi nun?u?t'orfltflJ / l6

2.1-s giluilrluavdunoullosnr:fi druial

grJuuuunrliueroul,o{tR'rrfi riauderldfi {fi nurtrnrtruorruvl{ dtd

lunrirudndrldrauogrluuusro{nr:fi riaudarul{ 6o nr:fi riaudaruoonttu darurfl u

erurfin daur{rrJ:rqru darrflunrrilRlr darurflurJ:vtru daruri'runrunf r"ruflu{frnrru d:t

rfluffu?Inn daurfluffirdr darrflufloondaqqrJn:nilorufiffif,udldnriredsgrluuutosnr:fi

rirudaudlndrds,rfiu nô rinr{ une T{nos (Buck & Plocb,t954:528) uav ttud (cury,t 976:ltt4)

rrns rrynflu (chapin drrluoqnral,tszgrz+) uuoolodf,ufi nrrfinr uud (zsz+zrgl dlffi#

naruurrsltlndrdwflu

lunriudaorldrauogrluuucros nrrfi riauderul{ 6o nrrfi riaudailar{u?lu daildel

fiuto darurirfiunr: darnrrldrJrvlssd darldiurJ:slsrf daurJ:srfiunra Inufiffifsdld

nriran'.rgrJuuuc,slnrrfiriaudaldlndrdssfi'u do osr{nr:ourrioTnn (wHo,l978:41-49) ttnv

Inrau rray dnaodff (couro & Upho4l980:219-222) uas r,lsur:or,l{l (ro-.ofi,1981:104)

rrnv sdru ldtrrruinu't Qs26:t6)

rirunr:h{n?'m1.ru'rsrorgiluuuro.rnr:firiaudarudusrnsirsfluoonhJldrrri ttud

dr (Masdqt982:15-33) ovnriradrgrJuuunrrfiriaudrildunneir{6'u I grJuuulsrurfiudsTe

il:syrsurflunfinlurrirsrnrrl#nnilaulsluflnc,otfinn::ilnrrfiriaudrt tfur ttarnrrfi

riaudrudldfuo'n8yrnornfl offunrsuon drunrrlfn?lilfl uruq,otgrlurunrrfi rirudauclo{ fi

iuof oqdread Qsz7zt79) ovnrirrd.rgrluuunr:firiaudrruluilrstduzuotnr:ttan.rvrq6

n:runr:firieudeudruo.rr{nrlugrluuueirq uuoolodf,nfinr:lfnnrumurwolgilttutnr:ii

rirudrillsu ose{nrtamilrsrrrrfr Onired Narions,t98l :g) ocndredtgduuunr:fi d:u:'rrulu

dnuarcm{nrrldYunaurfi uyounrnigu'nuavlugiluuutosnmufifl qurdrsdrtol Isrfllil

ldiunarrudestildo orn n1silo R

ornnr:ldntriluil1slro{qiluuu nr:fi rirudrru 6?6'uldlfn?'rrur'ttJ'tt E osgiltruu

nrrfirirur'aruuriroonrflu I grJuuundn ds nrrfidrudauTsrsderl:vvrrutoslugrlrllvrqfi

n::rueirr1 nrrfirirudailcrorilrsrrruln0eiruoqr{n:ttuilei'w1 unvnr:firitu:'arutotil:vrr

uu lo sl6iu n rrafiu eilu or nfgura


oa-ilflclnxflumu ljrmn0muriloa rn.u. 0noTulainrru?rrrf,unnfrsl) nz

riau 1 urdo'rqr o q riuo ou nr:fi dru da ru 1dfi d56'uldl fi'neru u rr uc, o.rciuo ou n r: fi

rieudul{lndrds.rriu 6o nrrdunrfltgnrunvelnqro'rflrgmr nr:druusruuerr.rufllu Rffi

dauartuTsursufsttruutru nrrrJfirifinruuTsuruufoTn:{nrr R'r:sr'ersr'rruil:sriiuaralnr{R'rt

d.rffi;udlflfnlruururslflndrds.rriu do laireoffind uav lnlvra (Lowdermilk &

Laitos,1980:6g4-7oo)uas riufrndflunor (dr.rlu fif,ud ruvfllrdilU td ,zs+zr3s) uonornd

f,.rfiffi0'udlfinarrumrrulndrds.rfi-u 6o luisrli rosciumf eszT:6-7) uayarufrnd qra.rd

Q532zrr0)

ciaunrrldn?1u14u'rrJq,ouoiuruuo',rfiriau:'erudusrneir{fiuosnhJld'uri dqfiu'r.rdfi6n: Qs3zzLS) d{ovnrira6{ofunounrrfiriaudrulufrnsilsq,orRtrueornqfinr:rulug:J

uuuoirtl triu nrrdaurlrvgru Rrsudn{n?run^nrdu nr:oonrdsudond.r nrruiotnrtuuny

iaq nrroonui{t1u

o rnnrrl#n?1ilr4u'rufl ouoiuouu o',rfi rfau:'aru {ifruldaqrJduoouuo.r Rrrfi riau

dau 6o n'udnurdtanrnflqrr nr:drnuouruumuufoultturs nrrrJfirifioriluls,uruufo

ruamrulugrJuuueirrl nrrfinnrrJunyrlrsffiuamTnrr nrr

z.r.c fl oolruarrdounlm,osnr didr ui: u

fl o f,sdii fl aeio nr:ii riaudrru ldfi ffi o-ud 1 fi'ne ril n il r sdnn nsir{ riuo o n lil erru r: nr d r trrrs J

urj{ruuRQil tnn{u

n ri u d u u{r'l dfi ffi f,ul dl #na r il m u r 0 fi .r il o 6'u d fi n n si o n r : ii rie u :' a ru'lfl n drd s q f,u

ldrui orq tus nrrdnul flu'reriro{nrounia orfin :rs'ld rror,.a,durf,uogjludeofi, aul,

nrrnrrdqnu fiudo{orf,s nrr'ldiuciraer: d.rffit'odldtr?narruururslflndrdwfru 6o dd

t ruu (Kaufinan, 1949 :528) ttas tuofu r$o (Bernar4 1 95 8 : 1 47- 1 52) u o n o r n dft fi qiu d n raii :s

ea QtTtzl) uar tad 6roy drrlu finnra 2$0:20) uas u:rrf (gro*o 6'x1u S6 zsttrtz-tz)

nriudao.rldfi ffi i'ot61dnariluilrsfr rfl rn'sdfi nneionr:fi rieudaulfl ndrfr s.rfiuld

uri floffuvrrtdrudtnru flof,snrsdrura:ufio ilofruur'rdrunr:rffor flnf,0nr{druiorur::u

flof,uilr{druisrfuisrdqnru drffif,udldft{nr't*rilrur0lflndrdsqriu 6o Inrau unvdr,lsor'|fl

(Cohen & Uphoff1977:17-18 uas ris ruqorfrqa Q529:26)

nrirrderruldfiffi6'u16'hi'narilililrs'l{lndrdurriulnun6ired{flsfiudiinneionr:fi

rirudaru 6o nr:digurnlfnrrariuaquluflrffodugruurio.:r{n:rorrJrsrrvudrfludruyruCopyright by Mahidol University

rodurr 1di nun?u?'tolflttu / l8

nrirlunrlrder{oonfi{nrrfirieudrru d'rfr5t'ud1ff#narrumrurul{1ndrdstfru do otr{nr:an

il: s rrrrfi (United Nations, 1 98 I : 1 l) ttas dru ro o fu fl frs Q526:l3s)

riaulunr:1t{nnururufl ofrfldfi fl n$isnr:fi rirudrudttnneir{riu 16'uri iorrno#

(r974:39-s3) d.rldnriradr ilof,sdfiarnsionr:nhilrfidaudurro,{:{nnnunsnrjudtnvmônuuu

if; rJq'rio^daonndarttavnflsusrrilnr'tutfi udug',utlo'tsruto':tfl uma'n

o rn nrrl #n? 1il lm'r st osilo6'suncnaou hdfi nrasionr:fi cieuiauffi fruldaq:Jfl n flu

dfinrnsisnr:firirudaru noo flofirdugluilo{qnna flofisnrd{nil ilofrsmxrorugfio osrflu

--t dd rfl n fluvr'u grufi ii Frncio n r: fida udau Isr usr :{

z.znrmrlYnd

2.2.1 n?rilfi illurfoirnrroqYnd

lunriudndrldiinrrl#n?lillftl1trto.rnr:oqind milrunarild.r qvrti6nul#

uinsrn:od1{s1qsnrnlfirfiorJ:slsmfeiourlutirulodqr unrl#ldrflut?a'rs1?u'rudqn Toufi

n r: qq rdovrifl srn:lo snJfr rrJwlorrirlo udqor Tn ufr ffi 6'ud1#na rrum ur uto{t n'ttor{ indl{

lndrds,rf,u lduri darau (Auen t959:15) rny ni morar'x unv frqfidroqadrs Q523zr) uon

o1odf,ofi656'sd1ffifi'narilmilrsnlflndrfig{fru 6o fiisr^ rfoqnrsrûd e528zr4) uns ifrs rfisu

fios (2533:lz) raruft druas noefir Q$o:2r)uav ilrreuqt 66uvrf Qsstzu)unvffifrodld

1#naruruslurj:crdurdsafi'ud1ftui uiq rucil:sail (2s32:33) uns arurrd irisrurind

(2535:31)

lun{rudao.rldfi nrrlfn?'rtllm'rCIqrotnr:oqind urursneudt nr:l#vfuurn:

de seid n n rnuashfrfi srrJrsluyrfinndqnuar rfl u nr: 1 #orunarudotnr:unsil:vil fro'l{rnao

l#luournc'Iorufrffii'udl#narruumuuo{rn'r;oqf,nfl{ln#rfis{flu lduri uourqnrruf,nrfr

f,rnilirn'r nriu:rrriarfistsearu QS2a;82) tnu tRU, afivra.rd il oqrsl Qsztluuoo'todffofi

ffit'udldtrflnaruuurslt'lndrdsrfiu 'ld'uri drum rrirgfinfl (2528:14) rrns rRUrJ fruvrfufia

(2530:99-100) :erud.rn,rh?n?til1tru1r,r,o{t u1n dar+riqwrf unv rlnvrind f,{iltd1nt

Q528295-97)

olnn?lulf rJruft nrir:ffiffu errurraeqilnrrrumrursfl o{nlsoqinf lddr nr:oqind

ililrudr nrrldninurnrh{rfisilrvlovrfqrqereiorurludrravnulo,udorldvr$lrsrnrrful#fiorqCopyright by Mahidol University

rierfi nin ordo lu tinutf,ou'sra an.u. (nnlulatnt:l:'rr:dtu:ofrol) /t 9

6uuradqo Inufinr:qqrtlsmsnsrnrlosnJirrJ:slomirlouiiqattavtflun'l::J:smdErl{rdo1d

luourncr

z.z.z +rilnntto rlYndYr Yn s rn ls x:il fl fi

ldfi ffif,uhi'n?'rurdu'rutosmflnnr:oqindvriusrn:t::ruurfilflndrdu{rTu lduri

nr:dr:roq:?0il1 (Sgrvey and Identiry) nr:rJnilnfnultav{un:o.t (Reservation) nr:'doilttryil

Urgtu (Resrorarion) nr:lf;rn$nsrnrlfqnrhvmtunsl#tfio:J:vlorniq{{o (wise use) nr:

rlilrlq.rqarn'lilytiy{rnnt (Improvement) nrcrhiliusrn:urmottfluffll (Substinrtion) nr:dr

c,o{rdgnduurlffin (Recycle) Inoffifrudlfiti'narrururslflndtdu'rfiu ldlrriurvr dnrelr^qw#

unv rxnnindaryvrrarn t Q528ze5-97) trns nrru{hlfi (ilrjrj:s) uunolodffofiffif,udlfl#narn

murslndrfis.rflu 6s arn: dsroi ag (2SM:7-10) nns rnuru {'uvrftrda ttasil:vfruf Inuarurl:ai

Qs25:13-14)

uuoo'rndf,ofifr5t'odhfln.'r*,rnu',ud,,nnsir{rYuson'lrJoonhJ 6o u::fi tilsttrF

e527:r9l-Lsg)ldn.iradrigna:fiuvruwrsdr.rlndfinlunr:n:uquunvfioer:nrrl#rJrvIsmi

ornilf,usrnrrr:rurrfih?rfiorJrsTsmiurndqrraurf.rfinrnJqnflsl#unrfio.rfinarrufdniufin

vo u da ru fiul u n rrl#nYn urn :r; nvfi o

zs nr:iltsusdurlru

zs.r {o ryafi'rnlrJrdsaffunr:rJ rsus dufiiu

1 dfi {i fr'u n n r cd r u d lffi fi n r r u n ru r u r o r n r : il : r u u du tl't, d 1 n dt6 t o r ta v fi : r u

asr6 u ordusr n ci'rs riuo o n nhj

nn r sriru'lduri ft e rn d fruvrr T16 Qs2g ;raD uns at dn d qna s f, s

rras aufindil:rTrundqfi u't (E?it:286-2sr) ldnrirad.rnrttJrrruudurlrultlndrfiosfiu 6o tflu

nr:r{ril:vuqruudrrdu nrsr4rlqurmrJ:vut{fi :rs16'eir diltto Rliltnfotfiorlo u ldfl n nfi sl

,i', gayfildiinr:fiorurilof,seirrlurnrin ritunr:1#n?tilt o{zu0{RrilrJ:cil{dldornnr:

rlrrqrurvndr.riud t6-17 qnmil 2szg at aarriuil:sru.rrir6o,uri.rvro' 'ldlfnarruururu'l{1nd'

rdgrf,uuciril-urdulurdo.rrourcrerc,o{rnu{ril:yt.rif,urhu do rirnr:rJrsusluuimolrfrtornfl.t

hirfru g fiTar.tsn ciaunrrlfin?TJilrJ1sruo.r rui ffuvrl:rjn:nf (2541:13) nsnrirarfilrfiruluCopyright by Mahidol University

roa'un: 1d 1llJll?U?ttOlRttu /20

il:srduclosrndo.rfiorjrsu.ruuud.rr6udl# uiu o?unou oaudn o?ilort rrin orurilnfit nou

rfluffu unsruildnrirerfiu16rlurfuoruunulnrfodl#Tsrsldrfoqlurnrdn finarrusrlfo'hirfiu

14 tilgr'

ornnrr'lfinalilfiu'ruto{nrrrJ:silrdurlru {SfroaqrJir nr:rJ:rtsdurlru mtrsd-t

nrnirnr:ilrrro,,uudo,n'ildasrnds{fiorurgr#n'hirffuarig l#rfowrnrdnnrriluratfohirfru

l4 tiletr luuirannirsorniltlilrfiu g fiIarun: Isrsldrr:'r.rruriaulnqilun:ounia

zs: {o q arYanhJrfi s! r ffu il :rmr durh u

ornnr:dr:aodrilsluilrsfl n:us.rdrrin.rruafi6uri'rrr6rdofl il.f,. 2538 ld,f,ruun

rrnnr:ilnn:orro.rnrnldrft ra f,.rnio'l{d.rd 6u tgo drrns tg fit t,ozs 6'nsa t,Baan{firu

29 lvlFlu'ln llnu 143 qtrfiurn llasnnuoilflr:dr:aonrnrailoiuqndugrurJrvu'rdurhu

arrur:o,flruodudt{loltrjrsrt.rld tg fr{uier z0 drrno 25g drun tnv t,126 nr,ifiru ufo

rJ:sruru $osny t+.1 torrEifru#rnrunlunrnldrflu{fiorfinr,rfintfluvllil:sru.rdurhu (arur

rf,u f,vra rJ r s u o du fru n'n"l& ps +t rzs) dff r s a a td s srd t t ao {1 u fl 't t'to d t

"lrlud 1 r{nrlrnr:rf :silsdufiu

0{uf?o drrno drua u{r1rueA

nt2t50u ilrvnn:

TUlr: 6 l9 8l 3,169 17,100

qnuqftrfi I 28 191 3,301 15,740

dilntf,rfit5ut15 6 23 109 5,015 25,439

flnq{ 5 l0 47 1,955 9,370

d{un1 I 46 r57 6,566 34,789

flnnrfi 6 L7 47 4,298 25,911

ur1!?1d 2 7 22 2,48 12,850

flEn 4 t8 77 4,962 24,75L

9rt{ 5 t6 57 L863 1,5,880

nrsd 5 22 84 3,425 16,691

fl{{'l 7 n 123 5,262 .24,545

dqrnel 3 15 100 tA63 7,975

tsuo{l 5 l3 51 2,203 11,367

: au rfiufnailrsrusn"ufiru nr nld 2544Ynl Copyright by Mahidol University

riorfr-niil urd'o uu rin ordout'na :n.u. (rnnlulatnr:u:'rr:f, qnodol) /z t

zss fl ry umo,onr :il :sils dur1ru

lurJ:srdufl qil1ro{RrrrJrsu.rdurhuldfi ffi 6'od nrirafr.rfl rgurl{aosrJrsrdundn

dasfiu rJ:srdudiluts rsnrirrn'sflqil'rlJo{R1nJ:vrusdufirulutdo.ruoqnarrutdoruIntilflott

iliusrnril:yur uasclo,f, rfi'olunr:rhsnsuorfiurjryutdurlru triu duddt*ttlnr:iltvrusfi

drfisr mforfios,rnrJ:sdnBnrn r,lounnurtuvluunvriruronr:sioro{ Iouffii'udldnrirrfi.r

flqmrltlndrfis.rf,u lduri uriiy r{d?nrn (2s30:23) unr qrXrfio fl1qn (2s30:370-37r):arud.t

rft arn f,unrTvd es2e zr4l) ldnriral{rdurd sa fru

rJ:srdudasrldfi ffitrudnrird.rfl qnrro.:rJrvurduriru 1un:ddfi narudzutff'r

:srdrtil:sru.rdurhuriurjrsu.rnrfisd lorgil:yil.rnrfirdosiinrar{rh{rrarl:sru'rdudruffu

vrinsrnrdnitirlduruu unv rnisqfisilrs*r.rdudruurrriruqnrirnru ornnr:riril:vru.r

nrnu'rd uuoo'rodrJrcu{ilrdrdfi{iiriaur{rnruniu0rn:deirirriou{'r.rq.r duflurl:vrdunarru

dou&dfi{ri.rnaftluiloqriu d'rffifudHnrirrfi.r:J:srduflqurd lduri rruf; frunl:rJn:ni

Ql4tzz)uns 6rs qqinduav tundu r{s?rtJou (2$3:aluns a:rn:nf tquqtg QSar:zs)

or nn rr nriradsfl tyurzuor nr:ilrvru.rdurlru ffi fruaqrlfi.rfl qnrrotnr:iltruodu

rhurfluco.rrJrvrdurdn lduri flqnrrds.rornclo,firriovsrnrril:cnsuordu ,*u drddt#.nl

rJ:srusiidrffn,rndorfourorhsfinin'rn,q,'rnrlnaurtu4u:urd.rnarrutdoruTnrruto.tvtiltorn:

:J:su.t uasilrstdunarudoudt:sudrsil:vilsdurl'tu,,ur:J:vru.rnrfirri tfiotornil:vtt't

urfirdoviirirur{rnrsilinornrf,srddrdouflrqrrirhi'vtarJ:rrurdurhufiufindri.rldanns

runvrJ:vruurror^sdovfi amr{rlfiindoqilôrlrsurdur1ruurrriruqnr{rars

z.t ilYrnsrnrnluflt

z.c.t nYnsrn:rlrmsmu

2.4.t.t r{r,frfisrnerru

ldfi ffi 0-udh?nerrunruruc,ordhur0raulfl ndrdmfruunroriru Tosldl#naruilrnu

{o{ihsrornu ilurun*{ d.rnun'#duoqiu?raanhnuririr rJrndra ufomsilsilsm ilrsnoudrs

fru{lfimaruufioilarucrrvqauavrfl unrodfi A,fi uanoooit d*nmflrteqaTn.rnr.rrfl uhlCopyright by Mahidol University

rofilnr Xdi nulnuxrffufltfu / 22

drrTrgunvfi'lfiorvqnduilvrJuogifirr dqfluu?raordfirirvrrraviailfiroriluurrruil.rvran lnufro- duchy !Tfufrlflfn?ilnuu1{lndrds'rriu lduriq?ur 4fii 1zs+o:a) uav iufu d.rflqonrn Qfi6:r)

J-<uonornii6{ii u:ros nusnlfrg (2s40:s) uas f,fin dnu:ufia Q$2lz)ldnriral{lndrds.rrYu

2.4.r.2 n?Tlft dq{ o { {llmurn u

1 dfi ffi ffun n rt dru ndrad.rna rru drriq il o {ril 1sr ura u 1 u rJ :y rdu eirrl noo il 5 r o {

nilsn'tfru Qsa0:20) nriren'.rnarudrrYrXto.rilrflsrauluil:srdudrfluumdrsrrr:rorfrsl{dl

unvtfiln'{o1il1tto{ur{sd dau uia nuvil:yeu(z 532:23) ldnrirad.rnaudrdqros{lrvrs

rnulurJ:vrdudrdsafiunr:rfludavailnvnoufiudrosriasrfiududn'rufuunydasfrnrfiunr:

fiuair'r1 uuoolod fi.rrfluunri.rorlurnf,eririr{u€iouuayrfluurriterrldm.rdn{d1 rirunr:

l#narudrrYqwt iufrs d'rfltgonrn (2sse:D ldnriral{lndrdssfi'u urxt{ unv u?c usirfiil

ro'il1urJ:crdudilrsrsrnuttasnrril:su.rosiinerrufrur{uf,riuodr.rlndfiounsfinnfrunr:ro?ry

c,o{frnddruruil.r uuoo',ndf,tfifr?o'orirududldnrirafirnarrudrrTtglls{ilrrrornu Isrsfinrr

rrri.rrflurJrsrduuionrirudunneir{rTuoonhJ lduri afivr dnu:uflr Qs4r:rr-28) ldnrirae'r

narrudrrTtytor{hvrutnuuriqoon'ldlflu g drudrsfiu drudndr n'o 6'ru{hh1 Inuhlorn{h

ursrauovrhurlfirjrslsrriluf,nsorrrir.r.lfiuldnnrugiluuu reiu dru,lfiflu,umufiu rfludu

drudaoq 6o drurl:sil.r Isruilrrrumuosrfluumrirorur:r,urduqu',af,o{fi;sdou drud

dtu 6s tmurntot{lrrrstaulunr:inureruqnc,orrsuufiran rdororn{lrrrurnur4rurftd

rdoilTstrsila'rt:suufinglumvrnunsrsuufirrauuun d.rrfu drnru{lrmsrnuo*rfinarrudrrTq

otirtrurntfro{orntfl utsuufimodfi d'nsilsrnfl 'rs ujo.rornfi frniriruayf,ndunorfiuoqjunruro

:aun1fi .rfi fi inoau?i.rnrslufhsrurnuuayssulfi nsdurdrdnr{o{fiu

o rn n r: ndradtnmudrrTqto.r dlrnurau ffi fioldaqrlnarrudrfrrgro.r{lrrrurnurfl u

rJ:vrdumfrn floo rjrsrdududrilrrrttnuduunrirsrur:ro.rdoddl rdo.rornrflul?ranrdfi

oltt'ttttrilil6rflu,[ruauurnttaciinriilEailduJrofro.rur'trqotfi'trru'lR rJrsrdudaos {Jr

srutauostfludo{orfrounvoquraf,erdtir;uriuu rJ:crdudaruihyrsrnuosrfluiluriracail

,, o s u dr orrfl unr:rsirudud"l ofl o


riofi srinsrdu uurinutdsufr na en.ru. 0nnlula?nt:uiut:dqtaodou) lz:

(dssrrn{d z)

2.4.1.3 rro ru n 1t ofil o q tiu ll o.tvt iu ulR tdh fl 0 ln u

nrrl#rJ:slu"tidautrdudil't"'tu,u, ornnr:ttila6n?1uR'lnalatfisn

Landsat-S (TM) Geomded rasrrdqnrrl#rJ:slsutidud{ll"lurauto{ilrsnslno fl u.a. zsst

"lrlod z nr:1drJ:Csntft{udil'tnrsmuilosrj:vprn'lnsfl n.fl.2s37 (rnrias :li)

0{fi?91 fhsrurau ur{.r $rsuA0u'l

9rt'l9l

0unq:

:cuo{

saut

Dgtu{tvlt1

47,086

24,332

4,103

67s

3,015

23,639

109,348

17,ll7

946

794

t,129

5,135

1,713.

8,5E6

8,166

90,552

176,181

n,650

23,906

24.38L

aryn:ilrrnr:

nE{tvtilol

un:rlgu

dwrrrnnt

f,tlYrtrl{tfi.51r,

rnmqEt4el

il:90?iln5xuD

1,857

r236

0

10,501

7,156

12,936

268

5,796

0

0

L9,352

43,724

26,495

2,312

2,794

1,706

0

9,827

990

3,303

753

69,q8

8,982

575

136,737

16,467

31,5U

4,789

qUil:Aaqrlu05filil

unrdis::rt:rry

n'nqr

fi{14',1

ilnsrrfi

19,698

19,686

52,601

881

3,896

6,906

19,506

39,601

65,479

2,368

7,905

2,ln

457

221

45

93

3,671

1,o25

26,W

t4,35L

16,580

12,475

23,520

13,608

tcu0{

fiitrd

QrnnJ

ntsil

ni.r

dfln

129229

r90.26s

e!48

176,709

150,596

183,402

2,068

5,968

t,022

7,910

5,856

9,n4

3,2m

75

70

97

0

L,203

43,42

79,570

5472

u,750

93,077

59,732

: fltUdl 1fl,r,n Copyright by Mahidol University

rna'rnur Xdi niln?u?ttilflt:u / 24

01nn r:1#iltslsrfdfiulududilrrrsrn udfi nr:,$'util Ruf osrlurufionrciguuori

rfioiud ts fruarnru 2530 olnRltuiladnrrrunrunrariioru Landsar-s (TM) Geocoded (n:ruih

1il,xst)lududoir,rls,o{il:srmslil0Inuilrnrrdau t:s0,000fl u.s. zsgt aui-rnr:ldI s /doo.EJ

u:v I r,sumau rufl uilihyrunuuorilrsrilglnguliroonrfl u

rl fi dud{lrryromurufioo qj l,047,3go.oo tld

+tg,zgo.zs ld

55,002.50ld

806,670.75'ld

z) iiurfl'r

g) fiumri{quuu

+l fi dudl#rtrrJ:vlorridu 1

2.4.r.4r.|:vrdufl qnrnYnurnril'ru'rsrau

tufl oqriu ovuiulddrihvrurauilrsaufl qn rludrueirr 1 urn,,urdudnur{hyr s

muldnontodrt:asrt$a 1d'frffif,udnrired.ril:grduflqnrzuortlrsrurauludrueir.r"t 6o aulo

uvaruud Q$9:24) nriradrlufloqriuvrirnrurnrilrrrgraufiilqrnrmdnarruil:ynr:dasfiu

rl:vnr:tnn ldrui nr:nlduuanrndlufl udrioru.rErJsu unsfi onr:sir.r1luqruru r.lrvnr:d

ao.r ldlrri nr:rrjdsuanrildlrmstnr,fl ududrduqfinifi rjrsnr:darru tduri nr:r4rrufioqrd

luuiraarilru'rsrnu riau aigvrfird rjnmfivrf, e$3:r8-za) 'ld'nriradsrj:rrduflqnrdlod,duo

fr'uarulo luatilil:ctduttrn urifirj:srdur$iufiru do nrl{rhjrfi'prh? rnrriru r{rflu luuiranr

drdilrnlumu ilasnrrtrjdsrdudillrurnuhJrfludud,o"rrorrrud.rosfinr:nfianr{dlrnU

tau d.rosfinrnlfdudfJ't"rgtuuon,Eruauardes uoR01ndf,ofio'rroriraa'ril:vrdufltynr

vtit{urn:tllnstnu Ing afrnr oriiu (zs4t:u-r3) ldnrirel{'lndr60{riu arulo usaruur{ uns

nigvrivrd rJnrafinf usir$iur6il1uil:vrdu nmnaaqroodudill"lurnu rdorornnrmlornondos

rir nr:rrJdsududillrrsmutfl urnrri{qqrrlu nrrumioT:.rlvhh :audrnr:c$rrouuunsdlrr

ri'rldflrdfin'ttqoqodudilrnutau navnrrddsuanru{lrrrsrnurfluurrnds unsilryrdu

fl tynrddrrTty'lduri nr:dorlr?1fiurirft nrra6nsro{ihururnu

ornrJrsrduilqurdlrnumudldnrirehlfi Nd'uffi f,aaqrJrl:vrduilqnrndnl zuor{Jr

:nurail 6o nrtqnqndudill"lutnur{rlrJldrJrvlumfludruoirsl r,riu nr:dsrnh?luihyrnrnu

nrrrJduuanrflilrrrstnurfludrursrds{doifi nrrrtrnrfiotu:' nuqnqnrnuorfludd.rquuu

nrruJdsuao'rndudil'r"roruu,flududrour,rorril d.rusiavflryn',d1dori.ra'hlfiriaur{rh?

rJirurs if rsrsrauan,iruruars drs:anr$lrnr:suufin s{lrmurnuulon?1ilauqadCopyright by Mahidol University

ilfufl o?n01n0 lJul?t|sm0l|?taa a n.u. (rnnl u latn r :u:'r rrdqrr ndol) lzs

2.42nyfla1ntrlgfilgl

2.4.2.1dr'f,rflonnru

ldfi ffifruuaru?i1udlffi #nrrilililrsruo{yrilrulRr"lunlrdlndrds,:fiu o'u fiufi,d--r- . e' i ' t{ E:Jo & ufi ogi:vudr.rrsdudrnssilqaunvsududrt-uqrqo ffufi fi Insfral lrJrTnovr5unilrmsrnrfo ryru

flstn nruilnfiovrlrrnqdr urotursriauovoqildrirrn'ounaonranr 6o rdur*rti,r{u ,irorriau

drltjdouutttstflunns uci$ilrriln{urnovufii "lunlrrfu,fiorjurrnnrrdydililoiretvnou

eir.rldhidocr'arTuudu d.rgnr{nrurqiilsunvrrrdarflugrJirdnunrveir.rlfiu Iqunr:rndoura 3a o A 'lfi?t o{u1!tr{tRor0'rRrtt,{nnil mg?rlouu.roonldrflu : il:vrnn 6o nrnfru ularrru unsilrgr

Inau Tnuffifud$1#naunursl{lndrds-rfiu fio unoa nqnuviu ertt:tz1 uay ?rrru.r

atdaru's (2539:105) uuoolodfioii narvnrrrunr:fi.rurs6'oruuritrn6 (zs3tt2s) unv il:vr1r

r r rla rfi uu Q52e :e3) d t d-h?u. u n ru r 01fl n drGi n n-u

2.4.2.2 n a u drrTtgr o.rn in sr n:fl u?r la

mfn urnrnr$ilrnfredrfi nrrrudrrTrglurnr u1 druTss a::u r ardarfi r (253 9: I 06)

ttnv il:vryt uflaffiuu Q5zez94) ldnriral{lndrfis.rrTu 6o rrsutnoydlurrurirniusrn:nr:

vio.:rduaddrrlty tflutturitorillrilo{rxlqud rfludeqiorf,szus{rtmr avtni rfludavaruudrrq

rr{r:din rrr rfl urirrfi su6o

o r n n r r n d r r dq n e r u dr rTtg t o.r vr iil rJ r R i rr u ?r r or fli 6'o a q rJ i r n r r ru dr dq I o {

iliflsrn:crurrnluilrsrdudr#uuiuf,nldrrri rfluriusrnrnr:rio.rrdard*lrTq dorJruna

'lvrflfiilinutRt:tr'r0filnda.otrrurrursuriqrasilursld'rdrilrsr?rf,{r'rRRrrrio.rrdgarfluniru'ru

ulfl uoRolod 6u tfluumritorulrxo{ilr{ud rfiosornuirarurrsilrnrfludoqjorfiororfiyuay

f,fl ddrfl uuu ri.r srn r:d drrTtym.ru qu d

2.4.2.3 en ru nuafnin urn r rrum rel

du rdo.r orn nor viguu niriioiud 7 fl qfi 6n ruu u.f, .2s32 ldil:v nrsuurirr: : n,-_as s dq dI r av I w a A d -rrddunaroqindluiluritnr:frdndmiilsrn:r::iln6uavdureodoru ,iruau zor uri.r rTaCopyright by Mahidol University

rnfirnnr Xd? nun?u?ttolRtr:.t / 26

il:vtnsluttnritt::rurr6rnrirdfirrunrodldfunr:il:snrah?rfluutrri.rr::rurrdduna:uric J ac

nr:oqindorntdsT.rnrira druru +o urir lu tz fr'rrio fiorflu$osns 15 qJo.lulfd.:t::rurrsr^

rJrvrnvrdul d.rfiotdnriufinuouqunuasfnurlrnrugiluuu lduri uilau,rrulufi.rrToRrvvrr?{

lRUotttnvdnnlsf quniufierrouulotdlo to rni'rfisrrflu9osnv zs d.rorfrsd1utoo1R tr.:.Il.

qnuruttrdtrrot' druurias{rugiluuuairrlf,rrinn:vvr:arunnluofi rrftdquaiufiorsoilrru

nro'iruru te ud{finrflu$osnv +s Tosfio.rr{nroRru r urir unsiiosrfn:dhifomuiufisr

uouo$6ndril?u tl urf.r finrflu$ssns zz.s nrira'lddtrruuroo$lunuquniufinsouror

nriautruilrttrsnr:fiotflu$ounc zo ludnunrvunvgiluuuclo.:o{r{n:sir.r1fru luvrr,rrJfrrifi

ndassrutrrirdriaulnqidiuo'rr{nr:cdudosnu d.rovdorrJfirioôrruulsuroornriaunnr{ dq

tfu d'rrJ:vauflqurtdsaf,unarruhifrrtouro{uTsurulurvdusir{1 vrornr:il:varuo'rudd

uqdaudaillu:caTuui?rrr nr:f,ord'uloornnulufie.ro*u uorril:srurnrlufiorieud,r.rulrou

:tuld'drfinornr:rioqrdsalugrJndorn:rfuhilddounn'lrurqifiosdu rdolddosfiuroisilnr:

:orf,uufsrtfflclflnn:smudrfiodufi'umsnrod.rriuiuocrdoilIflrrua-rnhJv1nfi (qnru lrgil{nn,2539:3-5)

2.4.2.4 rJrvrdu fl qu rnfn urn r nsr 10

lurJ:crdufl qrrto rnfiorulR r s'rrr?r 1o 1d'fr flif,od ldnrirad.uJ:vrdufl qu rrorvtiilurn:s'tt rrnludrueirrl n'o uainri rdoeilld (2541:31 ldnriradrqndlmRrrtf Rr:riolrdua

ldfirieurfluodrturnlunrrriolr?rfinfltgnru.'ru,doruTm:uzuo.rfisrrouasrfinflrgmrdunruul

rdu flqurtuv flqurrirrduunvflqnr:vuufinmdoruInrru uunolnd rJ:vryr urlarfisu

(252e:94) ldnrirao'.rrj:vrduflqurrdn'l do ilrgmlduarYufion::runr:1#rJ:sTorridrueir.:1

u?taatrrsurn tdu Rltqantrs nr:a$rwi'ufo d.rosfinnrirh?rfionrrrisrrryrsuinorsruuror$aJ1'U

ornrJrsrduflrgurmirnornrr'rr,u'mdldnriralrJ{r'rdu fl?ffuaqrlirrJ:vrduflqmr

druniflurnrsruil.rdrfioduuncrrluldfnrou ovrfluflqnrnarrurdoulmruroirnsilrqduruaor

urornnrrriootdsa uu, 6onr:rnrrldrJrvlsydludrueir,rluirauyrsurnrfluradn d.rnvfinrn

rf, rldvrinsrnrr'rsumrdorlurruuasrdunarrueirqn dludqe


riolfi-nin urds uu rin urdout'nn :n.r. 0noluladnru?ur:drua adou\ t27

2.43 nYflstnrilrsrus

2.4.3.1rir,frflonarru

il t s t 1 miq dn nl t il t s il.t n.?t. z4g a l dhi'n a r u r u r su o.r f,sr{dl d r r u r snor fin {r r n y

rtvdorfrufifiiosrnonouorgr7olurir rf{lduavdaeiou :rrud.rsrnrarf,n{rrnvfiy',rrirrfu d.r

d'qfifidrfiuuiufinunsrdsaflo{lfiJrylsnirfluomuruqudoglqnrudlduri rjnr (fir; {,r-{-mos (shell fth) dcl{avrfiuriravrfiuun unrfin{r#uuoul, (ronar:rirurrulr,ilrunuriq€y6nrril:sm n.f, . z4go1nruilrvu,r,zs3 g:120)

2.4.3.2 n a rru drrTqroril ifl err nsil : v ru.r

1ufl oqriuvrin srn:il:vru.rfrodrfi narrudrrlqoioulu d rdorornrfl uuv rirorur:fidrriquavf,.rrfluuuri.tdldil:vnouorfinrornudrulmqj Ioufifrit'odnriradrnarudrrTtgro.r

vrinsrn:ilrvlrlurjrsrdueir.rl nô rrufi 6'uvrl:rjn:af es4t:28) qsnriran{narrudrrirgro.r

ninurn:rJ:sru.rluu.indrflumiustn:darurnrfinlmrimoumurfrudqnl#lilld' 'ayfiorflu

vr ivr ur n rdlddt ru riu ld (common property Resources) d.r n rur ud{ilin srn rd ldfi filn rfl u rflr

vow1nnufifivrfi'ldrJrsluvfornminsrnrdfioql riaunr:h?narrudrrftpowf,nsm:ilrs*{rno*

?la a'ns 0f ao qr d QsavzT z) ldnrira dr min s r n:il :y ru,r frprdrfi na rru drrTtyu rn sio fi innu Tfl u

rdo'rorntfluttnritornrlrnsfu6'rddrrTrgtor:Jrvma ru1yil:yryralyruiifinna111arrur5,nlu

n r:r{rilrvurqqravfi narurdorirueumrenrvr q fi rf ryrvrarfl ufl oflgreiu

ornnr:ndrrfr.rnerrudrd'tgclo.tyriflc,rnril:srul frid'uaqrlir yriusrn:il:yltfinarru

drrYrgluil.irfluuucitorurrttnstturitrJrvno:.rorfru usirfio{ornrfnsrn:ilrvu{rfluvrilrsrn:darrurrnlfidaruri'uld'drrfuo'.rna:finrrn:silfnunyfinar:nr:1#flinsrnrilrsurorir{ruu.rsflil

d'r osr4rhflrfinn?luduEnd:vuin nr:lduns nr:rfi nln rirorvrinsrn:il:vru.r

2.4.3.3 rlrvrdufl qrarnin srnrilrsru.r

1d'fiffi0'udldnrirrn'.rrJruduflqnrvrfnsrnril:vil.rl{lndrFis,rrTu 6o rJrs16ud

uu{trfluflqn',,duoornnrrl#ninsrnrdhiaruqnd Iouil?ilrflilo.rfictfifidf,uriururfirlirurruCopyright by Mahidol University

roiunr trrl ilun?u?ttotRtt! / 28

ilrntfiundrrird{crotrrrurrfiosafrwoumuTdyTu mfofiriundr nrrfrufinirirrfisrna:(overfishing) rJrcrdudao.rrfluilqnrrda.rmnntryir:J:yru.rd'ruiffiornqnuru rriu nrrldrsrfipru't,du b{fl rfron dtnootfl unrn{rarorfi'u{f,ordrirunsu?raardarsldrs.rdnidlodr{Eurr{

rhsrdudarufluiltgratuuuoo'tnnanrvnuornfinn:rrunrsfisurcirr r lduri nrrzuurssyauor

uiranrdrfl uqrrunfolxr.ruqndl?r Rrru {at'l6t sviifl nsioqu nrndrunviliusrn:il:vrur1 u

I

ufl?oluu uasftfinnr{rnrsuuri{dogiorfruro.rder{ti,6nd"u Iouffi6'odldnriran'.rrlryrdu

flqrarvrinorn:ilrsru'rdlndrdutf,u lduri 61ad'nuni a,rqvrr*,2540:76-77)uns 6rnor oqmrfic

s'fi 6 Qsqr+)mruffr qr1ru r$r1o e529:r6)

ornil:crfiuflqurninurn:rJ:vru.rdldnrirenhJfi r.rdu ffi ir'uaqrJarrJrrrduilqur

druninurn:rl:sru.rdrfisrdu riaulrqiovrfinnrnnunrvrirrarrqudrflurndnftidroyrflunu

l#vriu sm:rJrsru.rdhiaruqnd nfo nr:virilcvil.rdfi oo guruls unv nr:rursn'a roq ruri.:qor

errnlrrufrauudaucirisldlfinilqurunuflnRrsrlJTosorssioiliflurnrilrvil.r d.rrflurJ:srdu

fl qnrun'nto.ryriusrnrrJrvu.rddrrYqlufl nqriu

z.s r?o galu t{uintiin"l

z.s.r ffnuorsmr,qRluRrfl

2.s.r.rd rio,,u ru',*',,n,

eirrfl nsrrf irfl udraluu?reorsrourmdouo'rfi.ruinfl ncrrfi fi de{.rogjrrndr.r

nvfigord o sz' n1 o sz' rufio unvaordgod ror r+' fiq ror zrt sviuooo fidrdrion un 74

nr:r€filnrun: ld.rnrud z) drurnuooq,s{€irrrrn€iralnsd,rrfluuiraardrfluunnruTni'd.rrflu

duYrrruduoonbjluvrsrnlufrnsuso.ros (sptit) finerrusmilrsillm to fiInrusr: s,uru'hJn'u

,tutn'tuilonosIeiuduluqiluuuaerviuoon-nviunn TnurJrneiraritooonqidralnuvrr.rfia

osiufln nrqdruosiuoonorndrtRoilrurrrv nr.rficociuonorodrrnorirrir,fr rirrnouuoqin

riauvrndtufisldorndrunrionstunsnsuf,n drrnoruorin evurir 01ru1yg ilvnravf,r nvq

Tus nvfi sounsnnorrurfir drnoffistfl srnrfi (sT.r n rnd g) (n:o{fg #-nnr,2535 :8)


rinlfi nin u rA'u !u rir urdru r-na

. .gd de v v q .l

RlTlYt 2 119t.t1o,{0{14?Ailnn]u

:n.n. 0nnlulainr:uirrriiln adollD tzs

ranriruo 50 loo


niunr 1d HaRrt6lRur ttac nt:irnrur{dor1a I ro

drz.l'ru

rt'utrln:i: !un

rir:rtna'rfi

d'tuuuluun

1JU I tx!o

N

O

nmd 3 qilsu:Jtsri{dur1u:eueirailnnrfi (n6iriruuorule:lri?u)


risrfi'nin utdu u r r?n otdoufr on rn.l. (nrnlulainr:u?ur:f,ru:ndot) n r

2.s.t.2 dnu u v qfi rJryrn fl

eirafl 0nrfi o gjvrr.rerountrloro.!fr{fi ierfl qnrfi iiuririrfl nsrrfi unsuririruv

n?.rlnnn.rddre rirhi'tiraiianrnrirn:'os finarrurdilInsrndsilrsrr'rm 14-32 ppL(unrivrurn'u

d{fl nluniu n!,zsgz,z+)luria.rrirranrnil:vruroudoufl qdfinlsudr#uamu orfi rirdolnnnrq

niraluil?rurarurn r{rldu?raanJrnuririrrf.rae.rfirirdoafivr losfinarilrdurflu 0 ppr

(ilutiflgrfise{srarun?u nipssz-zs) narrurdutoqirosurj:fiu'hJerrruqqnrn uayuririrrioouo

ersfiournsnsururrf,unrunrslueirr rirlfeirariouritdurfiu uayrirriou,ir.rriuu?rannhnuri!-dr nntslnr:rfiuorutotosnou Inutsflrcu?rasfrueirar4rlfiifisrdunou d.rfifinsuvrfluurpr

Inaun{'r.rlnqi unvfiomtfludhursraudqnruaugrni uuoo',orfursnouornilrnuririrdr{u

nruuitaurruil.rr{r1r{rfie rsuufitaaurorlnnurras:suufiragrraraun:cffoRrs0leroaonuu?

rruil.reiraflonrfimrutflududhidrmtzsrrrrsfilnnror lunrirurfruerrnruniu ni,zstzrzs)

riaufrnsilcrrsilsuinnr dudrsueirafl nnriiil:vn oudas fi rarau uroyrs'ru d:rurirurirvrrrn

duio dt'turirurirvrvrnrn udu6o dum:rurrir unsuiraordrfl uc,r noudlnr rirl#qruuufia nrn

ttavfinuatsmtqu'tadunncir{fiulil (nrorfu frna't,zsis:zz) uuoo'rndoorndud:oudrr

flqsrrfi fia'nuarvqru'rJ:srvraddr6'tgddrudaufiu rieudfidu au illovrrlu (Beach) fluo'unru?

"'toilodfi*'trriuaulErsiiioqdudrrfindurflu6unr'rCInlRyrvrnnavnJdonuoooirrluuarroilrilstntfluilrnil:rs, snt{ututtqdtrnoru'o'r d.rusiuinilfiruurrilarmruo rfrugavfinaoufi.:

ttilailuR "'tr,il.lnrtatfluraulnau

ntuuoroorrr(oflrflynou0lRstouuufloreirantrurrf,unuriu

tflu,ilruaururn r{r1#srsil.ruiranrdiidud,+iudufoul riaudaot 6o dum:ru (sand Ridge)

frum:rsrieulnqinsrTatururiurrsil'rilsm losfiwrogrlll.r n?'rru01?uerncirsrTu d.rduoqifr'u

frsmrsttnvntvttdail tlnun?rilurrl,uoodu f,uvr:rudoqjlnd'vrvrnrflufiuvrrrsdiiorgrurn n^rd

rJqnlufruvrrrsndululd#o6oucuf ralorsrqrmydunnruIns'iidnsarsrfl uf,uvr:rsdu?uldfe

tou fimstntururiqas{rh{unuflnonunnurfludrlqnrvn$rr,flruauurnurrflunnrfiuru riru

derru n'o dnurirurilvrttududu (Recenr tidal flat) lduri u?reardrflunroTnnu (Mud flat) uar

uiraordo qidnr{r'hJluupiududrimsrnfi-rdufire qi 6uuiraar drfl udunrfi sarfi nornsrynou

lvtn (Marine sediment) nutrnlutqrqdrtnomuo.rtn rilnorfiournsdlnournio rdu ddruag

esfiua fifinuatsrrsilretfluflrnlnnurirvrsradudo unyu?nariJ'rs'rsrauusl.rd.r rfludu rfauii

d n"o d:ruriurilnau,ooduft For-er ridal nat) rfluu?raardrnsldiu6nf;naornnsrauriou

tnsfranrfltflurirurirvrvrndu6.udoraarniruhf fiqynoufiuuurr'rodu rirr,rrnrohrurhid.r usif,.:Copyright by Mahidol University

rodrnr: X# nun?u?ttolnt'u /32

fiur.rurf.rdrirs7{luurtdar finsilsdfnfiararruinorn{rrerruudo{luuu',o,rr drrnouuor

firuasflruuilnilil R u?raudruaurur drrnorffo.rfl n orfi (n:o.rfs finar,zsa0:ts)

2.s.1.3 dnuorvqfiornre

drafl srnrfi o {yrr.rrmrioto{ f,siliofl nfl rfi dodoo {uunrilfl {ilrun1g nrsorviuo n

tfl uru m reilm r6u td sunsmrqnsf,uo o nrfl udra lvr g n rudqnr ila'r goouuo trl, Nl dsio ruao {ilr

ornnrnduvriirJdn{r.rluqiruornirJror60 n?'rurerRsirs:sildrrdu6ufudurir*rl#uiraardldqaasuovrrlln0lnaililtqu do auu:qruerv{uoon16sqmfrod.rfrfl:cildrun'ounqcinruu d.r

rusrsuiliu't*tiluhflulnlur6ounqs6nruud{fuarnil mnvduriaoddo.ru:qru (Monsoon

Trough) urnriruuinunrnldc,oqrJ:smsnlnu uuoolndfiofidvrf;naorn aruru:qurrviuqnrfiu.r

ld fiorsrdttut'ouuqunrnudtqarnru rirlfiJiul*tiluhfi urnlurdouf,uuruudsqnrnru du

qn?fnu?tanrsrsil{nciunntornrnld rds'rornfifirrrrarrdaluuuamfiold rdu fiarrrgrfior

fiatc,run:g€!ttut1$ tatsnrrnrur{rlfri.lunnorruuurqrudruiuaru uauuouoo'ronrrrlndolnnilvtacJo.rdudroudraflnnrfidsi.roqjuunuil'rnyrad'runsiuoonq,ornrnldflourir{c,o.l

rhvmalvrs dsoqi6nf,uvrsradrucirrlvrs d.r'ldiu6rfnnornniluRonilsra dfirlu,ru'rou'ro

iu r ra y n ardduda s (nrorfru fr na't ps+o:za)

z.s.t.4qnrr,rgfi

0't R t 1u{1uto.tt nrin urdue {cJnruniuvrffinurfiu{oryardsa rTu nr:frrA''/

qnr m qfr q.rqor-eirqo rrsiu d'rucitdsuuqninruu w.a.zszz drr nrrnru fl .f,.2533 unciliilrnt

riinlu : r siu si{ usiil nnnil rl.d.253 t 6{fiu nnil fl .fl .2534 durn rin srf,ser rnru niuvrf (an rfi

d t) uut {orynqoruqfiq'rqo-eirqq rJirurardrdu:raiu d.rusirunrrnu rr.fl.2531 n'rfiuarnru

u.d.2s34 danrfio:aoornrqrioyros (anrfidz) aqrJlddr flrrerrfifiqnrmqfiqtqor:ruiuo{lu

ria.r zs-gz ornrtorntfisauurdlqrrruiud t7.l o{dlrynrdua luiud ts qrunrfiu # u.a.zszz

unvfrqarraqfiq.rqorrndo:rutdouqrqnlurdouruuruuqntl Inoafifiqsqrd gs orsrrwnrfise

lutfiouruurou u.fl.2533 uasEfl?rqn^drqor 20.5 o{flrirnrfisalurdsu qrunrr{uf v.d.zs32

(il n riil srfruas rn ru niu yt{ psgt ttg)


*q&UA

ilamn?fl 0tn0 !unn0m0uuna an.r. (rnnlulainrru:'rrrfiluands!) ns

z.s.r.snarududur{md -"{

lunru + fl sf{usiil fi .?t.zssr-2sg+ danrfi or? $ornrflr.iovroq fi rirnarrududrufivrf

:rsiu r?a1 07.00 u. riou{r.rqr 6o ogiluri?.r 78-98 z unciirirmdonurdouq{qn es.7% lu

rdounqu nrnil rr.f,. 2s3t (rumrinsrfisarvnruniuvrfpsgz: t a)

2.s.r.6rjiruronirnlu

lunru + fl ci{usiil \.dasir-zsr+ {orynri'rrluusinsitilantriarudr cf{usirdou

ilRt1nil d.riiurnru ds firjiurartilulurodutlgrdoudrndr 6t ilrr. (z. frnrurn ornrfuil?uranir

nluovrioul tfiudrt,urqrqnlurdouuqcinrou qn 'l fl lursrooufiurrnrunl.rfrusrsu daqd

rJ?ruraniraluc,o{anrfid z fiuurTrlruq.rndraorfld t rdnrlou nsindufruludouqarnrd.r

nqafinrou dtrfluria'rdahqnd.rovutrulddrlurdouuqctnrou il.f,253r d.uflufldrirtiru

flonrfi anrfid t iorjiurortirmtA 861.0 rurulnyaoriid z iold zsq.t uil.rfeurj?urarrirnlu

rndgngfllun1il 4 flsf{ue,Tl fi.fl.2s31 o*r fl u.c.zsg+ anriid t unsanrfid z nirrTu r,q7.7

ilu. ttar 1,s90.5 uil. nrildrdu ornnu{niliul*tiluhfluumf,rdumnr 14fl ef.rns,5t yt.f,.2szL

ff.r fl.c.zsg+ ttavitnsrvdttrrqfiornraoru:vuurnilr:Ju (Keppen sysrom) vrudrrfiou4nflrf.r z

anrfi fiqfiornrstfluttuuri.rrntflrrtrr$ou (Savann6 etimsfs, Wet and Dry Season Aw) 6o fiqq

nluttnvqqudtafllf,uhJodr.ruXuld#o uein:ruqogfruruimsrrorilrsrvrslyrsld:rsrrudrlunrr

goflei.:rreiiJ u.?t.24g4-zszg ilnnriiiiquôrnrauuuurqilruergou Gn) 6o fr:yssur?rudrrfiu.rI

du 1 (rura rivr srduas rn ru aiuni-,zsgt rzo)

2.5.t.7 qqnm

lnsdalil orourhqqnramrf,rmiqflqnrfirflu z qq 6o qqnlu rflurrorduuurqu

srsiuflntdutltfifrnu?rqfrhvmalmo dotru:qruorilreFhufr{nfoflnnrfilunouilarur6ou

lilulttu rdsudosrflurssvriardsafiacio$o{aururqrurrmdr{nuilrqilnviunnrs's{ldfruail

ru : qru nriuo o nt6 mmfi sudt ot nrs urdu uu rqru qsiuo o nrfi sqmfioosn?ruruvrudailurqil

osfunntfis.rld'nluosnnflrind.rucirdoufiusrsu rliruranitunrqqgou (wet and dry seasons)

ttnvqq$outflu:t0sdnilurqrunviuoont60flndoeiourirfisnrlur6ourun:rnt udorunrrrunsr

ornrsosilnnquvrrumfioqlo{rJssmslils nluGruud.rqunqfirndoriugoniurduq oun:yrflt

i I g-r9 i,osO


rofimr trdE tlun?il?ttotfi'tu /34

tdounqunrnudttflutn'sudfiqonrqfirodogodqr noo qoruqfirnduilrsdrrdou 2s.6 otdl

tryntfisa ttotdfiofiuluo$rlr'r ur.rflfrqqud.r#uunyur.rflfiurahiuriuou fiuurJ:oqi:vndr,r

tdourun:rnua'ttilsrsu otir.rnl:finrruornrofihigouou6'raunrin ur:rsfidd.ro$6nrTuil{ilurn

(nrorfsl #eror,zs+o:3 t;

2.s. r.8 uuriuirunso',rrru',uriruiranr ffudroucirafl fl orfi

l) uriririlnnrfi durirrfisnsndruilmrorilrn'.rriurrrfiuqnlurwrdrrRorilsr.r

f,tmiotuvnr d.rtflut{c,trnursudrril:srvralrs fiuanrflurigilrmrfisnhrnhJnrurnfioniru

drtnstuot rirrnofuftenr uasdlnodo.rfiqlr{ossnr r,irurirrnolnnlud uvi{ ?ruo{6n uay

rilnodo-rfftuisrflnnrfi uavlmantqfriralvrsdrirrnoru'o.rilosrrii uririrarodsmil:yrnar 190

filnnrrrr r{rhfldnuqrvqn'drvmaluu?raar:oueirarflufiusrsurJrnuririr (Delra) ndudriattlqr ornrvdurirnvrnrJru nar{ ef.rusi Gs rilsrt

2) uririrsvn?.rnieuririruq durirrfiErornqrrrrafu uns0u,lrRrvero lurrsr

drtnorurso luarirurhurlnrnt urlno 6'u?rrNflrno ?ruo.urisr unsul{ rfllnousui.r unvlnn

n.rqfeiralvrodeirunnclasnrhJ* rirluuririra'rudluqqudrrirr6ruorneirafloorfiovlnarc?r1il

u1R r{rhi'rirrfiuttavqqnluovdoa.r d.rhi'rJrvluudsionrrrnrvrlqnrlooncifinr:rdu{ilar1u

n:cfqurn,uitilaluujfi nausrail:su1il22fi Taruo:

3) nao{nfotsc rflur,as.rdlfiasioornnno.rrurfi.rdrlruil:srnurro dunur:rrsrv lilnleft'hJyrr{mdodrurirudolrv unvnforryr usnrflunaorilrr:v dfi'rrrJrrrnrqid z

drunurur uavnluaarqivrcrndfrud u{d I drraurur

4) nnotduil st tfinluuiraarfiruurcrrurislurundrrRoilt o luanirudrrnorur

so uda:auriunno{Ristrnudflrunuus,nfidodrnno{nr,id1o lnarirufirulfisnsaonono

ttassYuilu{nono tSsndr onosduils.r trflrusnrflunnuoorn?o ununno{ul{ Insnao{uy?r;r

lnnhJvrr{nviuflnttnvnaoturrylnadoilhJvrr.:sryiuoonuda'lnahJvrr.rosiuoonrde,umdo

:erurYunaorurud.r6nn:%nuarunyluaa.rqf vrrradeiraur.r{

z.s.z finu u cilrrfi{nuuasiru irrr: ru

2.5.2.1ilrsrrnr Copyright by Mahidol University

uolqln?nom0 ljur?lrulauuilna an.u. (rnnlulaint:u:'ut:druandoru) ns

il:s sr n:1u rcrnduddnu rro udra itsr orrfi rfl uqurudorfr06ofrurrsil{unslndvru

ilo fidod, s rfirun uns I $rf,urn fiil:snnrr.urfud, 100,64r nu Insorfiso$lurrunmaun

rfis.rflnnrfi il:cilru 42,gruu uurd,ndonrrrruogjqlr,qiluusrrJfu daulilqirf.rdugrulu

dnuatsc,or?rqjr1rurJrvu.rrfr'hl 6o nrvqno{uir.*d6Erf,uyrs}lflrrur,'rndqrnuraoor',,

muruiuluuimardogilou",oilonrrnsonhJ il:vnnrriaulmqjrl:vnouorfiuil:yru{ unsul{

riruilrsnouorfinqnarrn::u urfrrsn:rru nrruinr: uasiufrr,rfrahl (n:o{fru

frnnr,zs+t:3s)

2.s.z.z nrrilnnror

u?raarduddnsusu€iraflnqrfi uriqflu z drrno 6o

t) dttnotru'otttri.rtfl um gurnruoo {fl nnrfi unvo 1iuo nrreuytdilla do drun g

asfiua ulu1 rtasurnlmru lududdnsrdrungavfiunfi z nqjfiru do mqid r lrlrugarfiun)

unvuqjd z (firuur.rrJn'rililo) lueflrmurur fio n{d z (firuurur) il{d e lrlruuuaruuny

drunuurluru m{d t (rirurJrnsl unvn{d z (orrfrssrlfis) (drrinrrufr.rmigrflnnrfi, zs4z:2r)

2) drnosvmBtf;i g eirun 6o drunurrrJ u:nnruInf,unrnvlfrsnrlil$

lududdnsrdrunun{ ilqid r (druqylau) r,rEid z lrhuruaroq?o) ?rqid s (fliu

ur.rr) druncrsTfrsnr}J$ lduri n{d t (drunvTfi'vnrTrJ*) nqid z (riruoslnvorlil) slrrn

umarludld'uri r{d t(rhunrrJ.rqfit nqid z (rlrusrvTffyayfiun) ilqid s lrhurJrnrqil uqiii a

(riru nrlffs) (drrin{ruf,{niofl nn rfi ps 42:2s)

z.s.2.i nr:drfiugru

quvu:oueirrilfloriirieuluqjrfluo'rr#uuûg'ruuuu$ulryrrriurdtrafi'unrrd.rd,

grulududrfarhJlerufidof,,roqiluuFraard:ruriru?xil.rnvra:oudraf,nnrfi d.rfirirviurfiufluJ ad.7

n f.: n rra t tns iifr dtdur{uf,aoe ndor fiufrnu ar s q fi rl: em aun r R^r R : : nyr r.: reru gfi o d.r rfl u

mrirdardquo{quuu 6s rfluddso'ugluddurl'uf,iufionrlrldrdse{orf,unr:il:cu{unv

.rRUSrrRttu

drniugrluuumfs nr: nrvo'rsrf o{Rlroiodu grulududrsudrrfl fl nrfi fi z giluuu4 J: , e t

n-o nrrsi.tdug'luttlllJfltsqn (Linear or Sbing settlement) nr:dtfiugruuutn:vqnluqrJrurou

I


rofiunr trdl nun?l|?ttoRtflt /36

eiraflsrorfifnrfluqruruvirilrsrur drfirlirurnrnerruuuruiluflneir{f,uldfl1ilo1quo.tnr:d.rfiu

grurirulmqjfi finuorsrdurdurflumqjfirurJrcu.:rhhJ nrire6o o'ttdodug'turinnrvqno gi

A do - i,r d t t q-.--e.- -.d- -tll - -----.&uTreorfrdoflumsf,{ilyrailrnfiqer uayrioudlnnn?1il?ru'ruuu luuiraufio1ilnarruil.liluta

sonlrJd.rrflunEir1rurrirurinrariiorqnrrd.rdugrusiotdotilrilnrudatorgnu gilttulnrtdoduAa- 4 I t Ad a q --!-t--.--^4- -4^--.,-

Srus{r,nRUorsrilunisqnfiuururiuum0$ru ynirleru tur.t{u'rut?tdorfiuwonttnul :rndr.t

rhuunsurruiraardfinrra9rrcior6uder1rurduoonlrl:ou1 ouuf,inltvtutsdourTurluriru

{r.rrdsq uuorlodrJiilmrn?lurfurmiuusqfrurfoufirurnu?nat:ou1mdurrn1u 6o ria8rr

ar{da?rroqriln tr{rruurnillouqudnarrtoruqirlruryafiru nqifirudfinme{.rdugrulugrJuuud rriu

nr,jrlrudun u.rqlnu orTffs uavgeriiun riluduJi 4 - n'

nrrn{auElunuufiu?s1?ii 2 dnsilr do nrrdtfiugrutfluuuaurrnlilnrilouuttns

o'rrrfofirgrurflurruasrehlnruiirdl o'rrdofirg'tu1ud'nuarvdrJt'toqtioluqusudril:vil.r

unvqiluurnunrfrrru olrriofiug'r*fluuuasralilnrunuu niu m{:lruurttJttnvurtilnrnto

o',rrfofiuglurfluuuasranlrJnrildrdi rdu mqjrlrudlufirfounsil1{sr'r?'r uuoolndfiofirnqifiud

finr:n:yorsdrflu:srfisu 6o nqirlruufiniluR doo'rot'rtn't:d'ora::}?:rugrr{roqiorfrs Insft

n r: a r{ fi{ a uu ua s urj.rd 6u d u uil a r ol dru iu n r: r,rir o gj o rdu

z.s.2.4nr:1#6u

n r r l dd nûl u uira ar : o u dra fl nfl rfi ,i r uu n n ril il : s t n vr nr r l fiEr'{ sio l tJ d 6o t n s fl :Rrril Eerd'nrn::u urrisriuodo. +irdillhl r,uriuir uavnlrrllurdwf,s,drir

r) nrrl#d6ulurlrndrrnodio'rflsrorfi

nrrlddduEoueiralurucrrilnorfio.: rfl u nr:1f;ddu,du o'ttto" o:n::il tdufi

e{runurulravduuo.rqlns l#lflududrilul ollnladoodnidrlosrnnrvur{t fidcf,rungav

fiua urur dunusqTn;uayurnTuil nrsl#dudrduqra'tnn:rrfidrirurrnds iideirilnulul

runv du r urq lnv ueifl o qriurirun nrlo sar m : rs fi nr:nJd su n rrl# fi uri rur {s ru'to dud.t fi tf't

n r r hi'1fi dud,, n, o rr r'r ol fi fluu r u4 u rdori r ur {s

2) nul#ddulurusrdlnoosmi.r.o crCo , '

R1: rsraurouoralut{srdrtnosvu?.t da ul u qirfl un r:1 #d 6uruô rRU ert

Rrrrr 6e l#viruruiraareirunorry nulfidudrJqnruvn$rafiddrunerclasnslil$uasdrua

unnruTyrf, dudtl',trt trudlrsrsrauuBraor nylns ns ftJ* ilr{rieucrotunaulnf;'unsrrrriruCopyright by Mahidol University

uolnn?nuln0 !illxnotaou?lna an.r. (rnnlulatnrru:'ut:druandor) nz

qlo{ririlailrrl nr:rnrudu{Ae,ifitoul#duffudrtrurfl.r fiddrmorq ur{ ttnvulrnruTnd

drfloqriuiiuro',ou'rodulsrsrsflrydruasr{ nr:1#6urfluunriwio.ttdoao$lurtsrdrilnos

lnsnslrl$ 6s urnns1nsnsftl$ ,,urnlrdulbJnud.rr.lnrsumaruInd(n:orfu fina't,zsli,:zt)

z.o sru?ffsfirfis,a{o'r

ffi f,uldfi nr:dnurd{{ruiffudrdsa{or lqsudtrfl unrirurordaurJ:darsdfinur lduri orq :ssTunrrdnsr ruuur?ardorfruoqi druruarurfinluniarfsu :r01d doruRrvrvn{r

dsnu narruf nr:ldf,udmar: Iosiinoarrdunfr.rd

2.6.1 olrl

lunrrdnurrdo.rnufi riruialfi rd0al1o'rrTudaurJ:64:srJ:vrduorqdnu r ldft ffi 6'u

nnruriru ldrrri u?rVuf 'lrsr-rdu ilt (2s27:r0s) rrnv rfiu da.ir (2s28:is) reulrjd.rfruaus

dudsrfi (2531:48) unc frul:of rusf,ud e$s:e6)dldaqrJnranrrifr0dr nrirunumfoqnnnd

ft orqrurn ovfi nrriirieudaururnnirnriudfi orqfio u

o r n nn nrrdnu rcl o {uuifruil n r sdru d n rirru d.r riuffi 6'uds e{.r auru figrudr n r: fi

rirudautstsrril:srurdufirulunr:orlindvrinsrn:rruilrlunrirudiiorqrurnoyfinufirirurrrAaglr?uil1RR?'rnEil?trJ0lqltou

z.e.zzudunudnur

lunr:fl nurrde.rnr:fi rfaudarudrd uaflo.r f,ldrurJ:6aryrJ:crdu:sdunr:dns r 1dfi

{Sf,umaroriru 'lduri nr nrhdrois (2sz4zuurd'odo) uas ndru 1or^rr:uinu t (2s26zrr4-rrs)

dldaqrJnranr:?ffodr nriunuufoqnnndfi:vdunr:dnurqrovfinrrfidaudaruurnndrnrirudfi

:sdrnr:finurpir

t r n run n rrdRulruo{nu?f,unnr syirud n ri ra ru r 6'r rfu fr5f,ud.r d.r ar ru fi grudr n r: fi

rirudaruto.tsrarJ:su.rdudtulunuorlindninurn:rrsilslunrjrudfi:rdunrrdnurqmvfi

nrrfi ciaudarurur nndrnriudiirv6'unr:dnurdr


roa'urr trdi nuT?u?tsQlRttlj / 38

lvr2.6.3 1 VtJVtXAlnOlfl tf O g

lunrrfinsrrdo{nrrfiriaudaildrdsrr?s'rrYudau:J:64:srJrsrdutsuvnnlfiorfruoqi

ldfiffifi'unnrsriru lduri ariord iludln:ravrd (zszsruvrrTsrdo) ttnv q?n i'uu (2s342r77)

:rul:Jd.r ilnnr auqroifo (z$a:l9)unv dfllr{r 6vrin.rd Q$6:rrt)dldaqrJnnnr:if,sdr

nrjrunuuioqor,udfirrssmnrdorfruo{uuorfinr:firirudarururnndrnrirdfittot,tuldordu

osidu

or n na n rrdnuruo ts'ruifru?rnrudrud n rira ru r d.rrfu ffi fru6.r dlarurufi grudr nr:fi

riaudaruro.rurarlrsru.rdufirulunr:orlfndvrYnurn:mulhlunrirudfirvurraardorfruoqiuru

osfi nr:fi rirudarmnndrnriudiirv uvrenrnr:orfroo {du

2.6.4 il'tuxuerurfr nlu n flarf ou

lunr:dns rrCo.rnr:iirfaudaildrd ua{o.r fi'udr urJ:64:vil:stdu,fi ruauarurfi nlu

niarfsu'ldfiffifluuaruriru lduri sa?rr d.rdu (zslt:r47) uav o:?ttn r6u1o (2s3s:ts8)

: a ru'lrj d.r i'rfl r grgYorf esz4:n)uns frueus 6'ufi rr fi e$ r'ae) dldaqrl nrn n uiffudr n rilnu

lrfortrnnadfidruruaurfinluni:rfourrnosfinufirfaudarururnndrnriudfi'fi,u.uarurfin1u

nirtfourlos

ornarnnrrdnurrowruio'uunrsvirudnrirarr d.rriuffit'u6.rei.raruru6grudr nr:fi

rirudaurssrrarJrsr.rdufirulunrrorlindvrinorn:rrsilrlunrirudfi6ruauarur8nlunia

rfoururn osfi nrriidaudrruurnndrnrildii,fi ru. uaudnlunf,arfoufios

z.o.s:rsld

1 u n r: dns rrdor nrrfi rizudrrudrd urclo{ f,ildaurJrdarvrJrsrdu:rs'ldldfr fr?6'u

flnrsdru'ldurisr:or iorurfio es26:lJadatio) uas aulo drto?tu (zsgt,unrTodo):'rru'l:J

ds rnrn::s fi0nafiuqn (2s32:r26)unvrdsn:nf qmq?rrar Qs33:6s)dldaqrlnrnnr:ifisdr

nriunutrfoqnnadfi :ruldq.rovii nrriidauiaruurnndrnrjrudfi :rulddr


rior{lsrin ordu uurinurdu!fi na an.l. (rnolu1a?n rr u:'u r rf, luandorl) ns

olRflnnlrflRulrlo{{rlilefrsunrudrudnrirarur d'triuffi6'od'reitaruru6grudr nr:fi

riaudaucrorsrarJ:sru.rdurhulu nr:oqfndvriuurn:nsiltlunrjrudfi nuld'qt ovfi nr:fi riru

de ru ru r n n drnrirud fi rr uldd r

2.6.6 do'runrnnrrfitnr

lunudnurrdo.rnrrfiriaudaudrdsrr7s.rfiideurj:6a:vrjrsrduflnruR'myrrsf,tnn

ldfiffifi'unarsriru lduriqiud orai:vqn Qt2l:unilado) uns oruur{ ornrfiru (2528:380-

gez) rru'liln'r qrrur uaofi*ru.u (2531:rJnrTotio) uns dueus dufisrd Q$r:49)dldaqrlnrn

nr:iil'udr nrirununfoquoudfiau'runrunrrf,rnruovfinrrfiriaudauurnna'rnriudhifiaoru

nrnnrrfiinru

ornnnnrrdnurilosuuiffsmnrsvirudnrirerr 6'.rrfuffifru6.rnJ.raruru6grudr nr:

firiaudarurorsrailrvrurdurhulunrroqindvrivrsrn:uruil{lunrirudficnrunrnvr}:dsniloc

fi nr:iidruiarururnndrn4udhifi anru nrnmrsf,snru

z.at m-w{

lunrrdnu rrCs.r nrriiriau:'arudrd ua{orf,udrurl:darvrJrvrdunarruf ldfi ffi fiu

ilarudru ldurior:sr iorufio (2526279)unv rmd fruvrsurfi (2530:unrierdo):aruo'.r dil

1o r{ruroiq (2531:umdsrdot dldaqrJflanrridodr nrjunuuioquoudiiorlufnarrur{rloq.rov

fi riaudarururn ndrnrirudiinarrufnarur{rl odr

o r nna n rrdnst or{ruifluuar srirud nrira ru r d.r rfuffi 6'uft dr au ru n^grudr n r:fi

rieudrruro.rrrarhv*rtdudrulunr:oqindvriuurn:rruilrlunrirudiinaufrfornrroqfnd

minsrn:srufu6.rovfirirudaururnndrnrjrudfinarrufrdornr:oqindnflnurn:vrsil.rsir

z.o.a nuldiuriraarr

lunr:dnurrCo.rnrrfirfaudaudrduzElo.rflld'eurJrdarsil:srdunr:ldiusiraar:

ldfiffii'umarsriru'ldurianuf, f,uvrf,nd(2s28:uvrrisrdo) uav orurrrd rilil1nil (2528:61):au

d.r ?lnrw arurlrnifo (2534:unfrndo) uns ful:od ruf,ufi (253s:e8) unv oqfin daisrundCopyright by Mahidol University

rof,rnr: trdi niln?uxttolnttu / 40

(253 6 :90) dldaqrJnrn nr:iffu'irnqrunuuf oqnn ndfi nr:ilflrlmd'ttru1R {tvfi rirudauun ndr

nrjrunurnfoqunudldiu,irrcr:ds srs aq , j t e/,1-*t,.<--J--- a | 4

01RftnR1idns'tfl0{,$lu?dsilarUilruflRal?il1 o.tuuti?0tJo{n{dililnglu?1 R'lttl

rir uda rr o{sr? il rs rJ.rdurirulu nr:oqfndvrf,n srnrvruil{lunriudld'i:niraarrrurnovfi

rf a uda ruru rn ndr n{udldYudra ar:do u


uio,fr-srin urf,u uu rinordo! irnn :n.r. (rnnlulatn'rtui-ur:a{lnnfrorl) /41

unfi 3

rvtiisuiG?o-s

nrrdnsrrfo{ nrfi ci?ui?ilfl o.rurarJ:vru.rduflrulunrrorlindvrinutoruroilo

n:ddnur : eirrflsrnrii ftnierflnnrfid 1#:srfisuT6io-uTquRridlt?0 (survey Research) unv

rirmuorhflfinr:dnsr z d'ru 6o nr:ifisrfrtrJimnr (Quanriuarive Research) Iosnulfruu!f,ou

01il (Questionnaires) ttnsnt:iffutf;tqunrn (Qualitative Research)Ioulffinr:f,unruofttuu

rorvdn Gn-depth Inrerview) rdodnurdr rmrJ:rrrdufrulul?raordraflnflrfi tl'.rnisrflnflrfifi

riaudailsionr:oqindvrivrsrn:ursihlu:sfiulsr uavfinarrufirurfiufrlusr'aurJ:64:vcir{.1il$o

hiotir.rl: :aufirnrrdnurflqr,nqrJa::ndr6odu d.rfi:rsav16unlunr:dlfiunr:if,od.rd

s.t nr:iffstfrsrj?ruror (Quanfitadve Research)

1.t.1 il:smnr6inur

il:vsr nrdnu rlunrrifisd Au smil:s usdudruuioqiaru:eitfo erurfi ndrfl usr'a

uvrulf{oryntorniatisuldfiorqdsilei ts tldutrf niariouny t nu dsorfiso{luuiranreirrc, -fd Ut '

t ' a a 6 a I

ilmnlutuu:sust?al nisirne'r r illufrufi z drrno 6o rirrnodo{ uau drrnossrnir lnsrn'onvaJa,,

tq ltrvnfatioufr fr vrarlrsutfiur1ru g r{runr rntirrnorfior 6o drunuur eirun gavfiua eirun

ur:rlmru uns 3 d1iln orndrtnoucn?.r 6o drunnslfi'vnrlrJ* drunrxrJ sirunufinulnf,uu,

tusinsdruntdonrdonm{firudfi nirrioilfi?ilrvil-rdutylu Isucirunurur ilrynoudaunqjd z

unv mEjd e eitrngavfiua il:snsudru n{d r uav uqjd z druarr:rTilil il:cnou6'aum{d r

unv uqjd z druaovlfrvnrTrli ilrvnoudrs rntid r uar nqjd z eirunurrrJ il:snoudasr'rqid r

il{d z unv uqjd 3 s{runuunulnB'rJrsnsudau lrqjd r raqid z raqid r uav m{d a Insdrunlu

dud dns rd.r n rira ii,$ rue un iarf ou#q du r,s, o n frrio u (d{ nrnrd r)


rea'run: trai:sduuiii6'd+z

nlil{d g druaunYzr€oumtumrJ:wsdur.hufi oi'sa qiu?raordraflslnrfi

l.r.z il:vmn:d'rorim

otniltsfi R:dnurdsnrrlud g f rrururturnilo{ nriild?o drt Inul#4oltlo{l New

23

22

395

80

52

32

u1u1

uilailuR

EdgtJ'tta

il1{ilA1?rilO

ilrtrvd s0,

01tnu0l tnc

u'11t1

gcvfiua

il1'1lilil

229

t02

66

140

50

r56

48

53

62

nslfrvnr}Jf

nvInssrlil

0cTeil

iln'r0q?o

ldn'ril{ru9lqQlt a

fls lnudilllard

il1nlUa

nvTfrcnrltj$

uunuluf

fi rur t drfn.rrudrnstu's{fl nnrfi ,zsaz

york State Division of Housing and Community Renewal (drrrfiqlu Yamane,l97 gtln) dsd


ilolallo?ltu'tau !fi 'l?llumuurna rn.r. (rnnlulnin t:u:'n t:dqtandsu) iqr

(Ol n= N

1*Ne2

Iosd n=,illu?udaotir.rd6'o{nr:6irJ

N =,ituauniatfouc,orvrrrJ:vru.ryiurhuluuiraueirafl srnrfi #{iluer'i.vtl@aal-'

e = n?'uJna'rnrndou trnnr:du d?o dr'rfi rsfru o.os rniofi :vdunarrurffo

riu#osns gs

Itllilfil n = 1.510

1+lJl0(0.0s)'z

dqrfu druaunirriourf.rnilo = 316 niariouJ

0 1 n tiu?r l,iluaunirrioudrsdrsto.tueinydluaunyusinsil{rhuTn uif; rfi sudsr

riau osld,$ru?ut otd?odrr,iruunnrildrununcu{rhu6'rerr:td +

3.m nrtdilffaodrs

rdoriruror'ilTl?uni?60unriru6'aodrldrrde dnirurrfueTeotir.r 1d?Gnr:rfrudr

otjrsn:snruttiludls (Simple random sampling) Iorsnr:fiuqnrnfirurn{dqrudodaudaodr.rlu

r t sin s tu nd ov rf unaorfl u da t tvrudrs drqrfru u sr drrhud g n fru n a rn ldarru r: nl#firl n rsnild

o vr4rnrrf,ru n ru afihudo {nr.rurfi s fin tJ firfirurNua rruô hiaruuo 1 fidru nrs aild n sdr

nr:drunrunfrhudo$nrrdrufofiprhJ ftdhJrdos r


roimr 1dl 5ctuuil?!20u/ 44

er 1 :1{f i 4 .u u ret iro {R {u eYao rhs d r uuRn r il ei r un un ufi dfli ilolua

rdfiwl oqd€,0'lu?un5?t50uil.t14iln

oQlvl

0'lu?uo?o u1{o'Iilfl qd?u

ulu1 2

3

23

22

5

4

'?U45 9

Eflvu^ttn I

2

39s

80

83

L7

r?tl 475 100

u1r1lilil I

2

52

32

1l

7

t?tJ 84 18

nsIfrsnrlil* t

2

229

t02

48

2L

'?U331 69

ilNrJ I

2

3

66

140

50

t4

29

t0

t?tl 206 s3

flraarulnd I

2

3

4

ls6

48

53

62

33

l0

1l

l3

t?tl 319 67

r?lJYr,{rua 1,510 316


lJOrlvro?lt01n g !rmnula0runn an.r. (rnnlulaintruirt:dlueodo!) /45

3.2 nlr?ffsJt?sqotnrn (Quatitafive Research)

1 u n r:f,ru n ruofr ru u ro rvdn ffi fruldrl rn uor n riurfl lil il 1 uddl nr: fru n rs ol n'o frd frloqalufio,rfiurfluedr,rd (r"y hformant) t.ut{odu n iltt lduri frriroqe{n:ds{n*u:ril

,ilruau t8 rlCI {r:rsnr:ilr0ilnnror:sdrdrmo 2 r'ru uau rflrurlrdtotilriasrrrnr:drduen'u

T iil u r n : rr sil'r u?ra nr ei ra fl n n r fi ,fi r uxu zn u dt : r u n v 16 u or cio 1 il d n's

3.2.r rflrtrorrin:doodu rrurfodu te:u lduri

- fr'1nqifiru,ilr*au ts r'ro nô fllnqifiruu{d 2 (u1u1) flilqjrlrun{d e

(umnruun) flmqjrlrunqid r lgavfiua) f,luqirhunqid z (rxrlarrruol flrnqirlrun:,id r(:Jr

r:v) fllrqjflruil{d z 1orrflvurlffv) frlnqirhun{d r tsvlflsnr}J*l fflnqirhum{d zCorv

Invorlu) flmqirhun{d r tervlrrl) fluqirlrurnqid 2 (ilalgq?o) fllnqjrirundd gtursdl

flnqjrhun{d r (ourjotJdt {'luqirlrurn{d z (ovlffsafiuny fflnqjrlrum{d g drarrgfiy flnqirhunqjd + (orlfrc)

- ilrstruarurnrurjrrrusdufruilnnrfi ,$ruru t :rs

- raulqnlsdurnuilrvurdufiiuilnnrfi ,iruru t :ru

- RttruRlrdmnrilrvrurdur1rufl srqrfi ,ilruau t :rs

3.2.2 {rnrnrrdhsilnn:or:cdudrrno z:rs- urudrrnorfrss druau t :ro

- urudlnossni{ ,firuau t :rsg.2.g rfrrmfrdrs.rnrirmrsnrrdrdsa,iuvrinurn:sruiltuiraareirafloorfimrurio

fiu z:ru'lfiui

- il:yrurtirtnoruoo{ ,$rueu I rrs

- ilrvrt.trirmuurn?o ,firuau trru

r: ra€os ffof ilfilun r r?o-a,

3.3. r rndo.rfiodlfl u nr:iffsrfi.rrjirurar n9.rd lfiuuudl nru aidaglodu 0'rRn'r5

dns r uuanarudq vrqu fi unvnnnuiffudrdsaflor urrdru nruafuriroo nrfl u s riru ldrui


roa'ln: trdE rsdlouiiiitr+o

riauii r rilur{rnrrurdoa fiuflorynri'ahho.rnrirudao drs ldrui orq :rdunr:dnu r

rrornuldurf,uogi dnlurmynrdrnru druruerur8nlun:-arfou rrstd dnuarvrirnrrtflu

ruuu16o nnouttnvrfiur{rnsludordrt

eiau{i z rflur{rnrurdsaflu nrrrufllunrroqindninsroryrr,il.r n1rd91{rurlll

f,ru n ru afn:su o qu,rfun.d'rcis hJdl-I) dlnrclxo{tnurdorTm:rurorn9nurn:rruil.t

2) narrudrrTtgunvil:clsrfq,orfl Yfl srnr"luilo

3) anrufl qmrtowiuurn:noil.rluiloqriu

4) uu?Tr1{Rrsoqindvriuurorsluflo

rnorq{nrrlfnultlru floilqR I nsunu sroufin 0 nyuuu druiunrrur:voiunarruf

lunr:oqfndninsrnrrroilsdro{lurso'ulo r4rlnurirr{rooudfrorourdonluuciav{oilroêl

nsttuu ornrfu6'rrlrrutr{tuaurrrirrnds (Mean) unsrirriaurd0{u,uil1etrglu (standard

Deviation:s.o.) uasrirrirdtnrirautflurnnrEiurir:sdunrrruf Ioouriuflu r rsdldrd

t)rvdunarrufrir ruru6.r riruornvuuuluda{ddrndrrirnsuuurodu - uz riauJ

ruu{luuil'terr$'tu

z):vdunarruflrJrunar-r ililrsd{ rirc,otnsuuuluria.rcT{usidrnyuuurqdu -vz 6iau

rd,,oruururn:gru d.r nirnsuuurn du *ttzdaurdsuuuillerrglil

l):vrYunartfq.r nuro6.r rirrornsuuulude.rdq.rndrrirncuuurodu +ttz dtud

tuu.uuuil'lotglu

daud g nrrldYudmf,lr lduri nr:ldiud'ner:rirunr.rdoeir.rl:ufi.rqnna lou

finfrnrnardnrrlfnsuuu 6s frroou hirnsrash? 0 nsuuu uluruiolt? l nsuuu unsriou

u9ottfr' 2 sluuu qnnf.rl# 3 nuuuu druiunr:ur:sd'unr:ldiudraaua'roqilurcflu1o dr

Toodrrirfl sud flerourdo nluucinsr?ourfi nnsuuu ornrfudrurriruaumrrirrndu (uean) uayrrJ

rirriautiitl.ttuuu'tertgrl (sandara Deviation:s.o.) unsrlrrirdsnrirarurrilurnarc{udr:sdunr:

'ldiurirear:Io suri.rriiu r rsEr'u d.rd

l) rsdunrrldiuriraaurir milrgd{ rirrornvuuuluriarddrndrrirnyuuurnfi u

- ttz d:rutdu{ruilrnnrg1u

z)rcdunrrlfiiudraarrilrunarq fiilrsdr rirrsrnsuuuluriasd-rucirirnvuuu

rodo -yz riaurdsqruuilrnrglu dr rirnruuu,odt, *vz riaurd s.rruuurnrgluCopyright by Mahidol University

rifl,fi ninurdu rlurinuduriten rn.r. 0nnlulatntruiutrf,uaodou) /47

g):vFTunrrldiudreauq.r ilil1sd{ rirtotnstruulude'rdq.rndrrirnvttuutqdu

+Uz riaurd s{ruurJl$rrgru

riaud + nr:fi cieud?iluo{rs1?il:rrusdurllulunr:rJfirier^9.

nr:firiaudarurJfrrifilu t8 fion::ru nô nr:rlqntJr nr:hiqnqnfiufiih nr:

drruooniaqlunrrrJqndh nuiauflunr:runr:lu1n:rnrrrlqn{l'r nrrdrul:rqruluTn:tnr:

rJq n{lr nr:uflirdrufirdrdofi nr:n:cdrfie?rf uq oq ndudilr nr: hirirrJ:vu.rd fi o?d rT iu nr:

:yrfioilnr nrrl#umjo nr:'hifrudqdrirluqqrr.rld nr:hifrudsr{rirdhildnurr nr:daru

rl:vqruvotaurnililrcu'rdufiruflonrfi nr:drrurflun:rrunrrluarurnuilrvurduriruilsrnrfi

nrrdaru:u:.rr{nforJ:cvrdur{uflfrlrrJ:vuslooqntfi nr:uffrtfirmrlrdriiofinr:r4rrJrvru.:dAdflnnAnms RlxrRUUssuasinurnerruayorouirarus'rur4'ro nr:hiaSrsfitilqna$r'ruitaatsrs

urn nrrdauoonieqmaor{rfr.rrusuir?0rslufirn nr:d:rufnsaulfinurnrrilevorou?r?0{v1u

14'ro nr:drrurar:{r{mfoilryrrflrtrflufl#fns1n?lildsorouiraurrsurn iir.rfrnrnordnr:hi'tt

nvrmu sTrfi frrnouhirnuiidaudaulfi0 nyuuu firiaudernn'rni'rlf I nsuuu fieiauduniou

n9.r1# 2 nsulru iiriaufarurlnn9.rhfi'3 nsuuu drmirnr:mr:ydunrrfiriaudarurJfrrifidrogjlu

:cd'uln rirlsrsrirrf,rruudfrruurf;onluusiascloilrn^nnsuuu o',orfro'orirrurrflruaonnrirrndu

(Mean) ttasrirriautduoturuln:glil (srandard Deviarion:s.D.) ttnvrirrird'.rnrirrrurrflurnarq{

ruris:ydu nr:fi riaudaruIosuriqfl u g rcrTu 6'rd

t) wdunr:firiaudaudr ururudr rirclornsuuuludaddrndrrirnvuurrodu - vzrJ

d?unJt ittuuil'lotglu

z) rvrTunmfi riruderurJrilRn'r{ urrudr rirrornsuuuluda$i{ucidrnvruurndg -

tlz riaurds{riluillnrglu 6r rirnyuuurnds *vz rirurds.rruuillerrs'ru

3) rsdunr:iicfrudauq.r rilrsd{ sirvornvuuuludardqsna'rrirnvuuu,ndo *vztd

fl?utu0{iluuulntg1uJ.

uonorniift ldfi nrrrirrvrnfintsrndrs (Delphi Technique) rurl#lunnh{nartdrd'q

ro.:usinvninsrnr drlunr:?ffuo9od6?furhuusrminsror"'ruflodosl#rflud'arird 3

vtit{srn: Iosmnfintnar,lrs dunr:dnsmlilfieuXuro.rnriruffrdurmqodruflu:suuTnu

nrrl#flrdurrrqueinvnuueornarufiErr#unfodqfiulolurforlsrrfosndudsafrrrournsr Isru

orfrs#uilril6 (consensus) to.rneiru{rduanrgrdolfldrurdr{oaqrJdurirrdoo'olurdo.rlorrfot

udr lnu{5t'udlffifinarr?nrlurolmnfisunnvhulflnft6wfiu lduriqnrfia (Ducards drluCopyright by Mahidol University

aar0arT{t xflt :srfiuuifi?i'u+e

Co 6s /tr q l- -- -,- 4 J e

rdorsf Tl:orilq:fqi',zsszzqD rnu grfiCIf (lunior 6'r.rlu rdoifl ?T:orflsr:ieri,zs3zts6) vn

nffidnulfloir uilnil'aunil (Macmillan dr.rlu rfror Yndnntfro{,2s28:93) nudr nrn,iruau{rr?r

dauln:qnr:ifrsfidruci rz nuduhj dn:rnrrnnn{roitRltflalmoduu (Enor) osfifiosrurn

(d.rsrrrNd s)

"'rrlod s rf, rueu{rfluanq{irirl#narunarorrodurru"uooofi

( Macmillau drslu sfi nr flndvrnrfro.rpszgtgl)

orritmnfintnnrhsd{nriraudaffif,uldrirmrl:vqndl#lusruifrsdud Tnsldagr'r

rnfo.rfrolugrluuuaounrurnaolr{flldo."rrguaq{n?rilfiau?ulurJ:srduflrufirdffefuld'

ri ru uodu lEr sfi ofuc,su nrrrirrfi u nr: d.rd

t) rhuundruauflrdurnqlnooqiuudugruornnr:f,Ru'n o{ruunfiauaudldnrirr

rurudeovl#flrdu.rlrg rz nudu,lrJnudrmrn,iruau{rduarrqfid.rusi rz nur{ulrJ dn:rnr:nel

a{tto{tn?'runu'tt,oduuoriifiouilrn rrnruqnndrnrireffiffulddrmuordruauflrduerrrgl{ zo

nu unclddrnr:druuudr:ao1#{rdurrrqlu:o:.n,rorduuaqsnaufioulu,fruau z0 nu lqu

nr:druunlffrrdururtgdrnile,ds{rflu{diinrrufrdoulo,rf,uilinurn:yrsil.:rfluodr{6miofiraqa dar

nr:uaun{'ruvrtuun?liliufiqrouIousr:{lurdo{sro.rvriflurn:sruik dsdnrrrlrnuo:rudoff

,dut"lrgriu zo nuldlrornnr:uucriruo{eraruR:riln'r:n?uqilivrsrfiflud unvfldrduaflorlu

druninsrnr"'roilu

z) dsruudrra onurufi nuiulu:ouu:nldf,ufrrdurrrq'iruau 20 nu rfiohfi'frrdoa

rrqlrinvuuuonudrrTquo.rnsinsflf,flsrnrldrrrf mfyrsrn:{hflsrail nfnsrn:il:su.i uny

rifl srn:rrumror Torsfi nvuuudrurfl u 100 nyuuu

,[ruauflrduarrq AR'ttnaa{10{n?1ilnn'rntnaou

An?1una'tntnnounon{

l-5 1.20-0.70 0.s0

5-9 0.70-0.s8 0.t2

9-13 0.58-0.54 0.04

t3-t7 0.54-0.50 0.04

t7-21 0.50-0.48 0.02

2t-25 0.48-0.46 0.02

25-29 0.M-0.44 0.02

:ttrunfiattnu ( Macmillan -drslu sfiot -


uoqtgl?T01n0 !?l'l?mom0uuqa an.l. 0nnlu'laflnrru:ûr:filurado!) /49

o dul o & , d | @l) rirnvuuufi "ldornnr:d'rt?otouutflfrquruorurnrrirtn6guotttsinvfl ifl arn:

vrf olrf.rriu.rdrdunerrudrfrrgrorvrinslnr0rRnsuuud'ldloCIriurornilrndqohJfi oudqo

a) ufrrnanrnnrirrndsro.ruciavilinu1nrlu5our,,on9uurfot5s.rriroTunlrtdrd'rgq l/t tv gA

"t I q terJ q I ! q d t

uo{vriT{r,1R:hlf,.r{rfruaflqilfoil#{roh{{rfruaurtglfnvuuuuo{ueineilivrsrn:6nnisInu

1u :oudaorru 0ur?n'rd'r.r0rRrollurR r firJnrri

s) rirnradldolRnr:dlr?0:oudaosilrnrrirrsdsro.rusinsiliugrnrvrforurf.ruflrrua

nrriorrirrnd CIil0{usiasniu srn:luroudao.rhJff{ frrdoamq n 9s ru ri.r zu o h{ffidua rr rg h?

oruuu6nn9.r Inslu:ouddlilrvusr?ardrrorn:oudauo t flrjerrr{

e) rirnrndldolnR'ridlr?0rordaluu'rurrirrndsoro.:ucinvniilurnldorirrsdunuo

ttsinriliflsrn:1u:ouqerfiro unsrfsrdrdlnarrudrfrqrarmiuurn:Tnsniusrnrdfior,ruu

rurndqoovfinarudrdrgrflududundrr?s.rsrrildr6'u d.rrirrsdu,Jo{rnsuilulilucinvrf,flsrn:d

ldovrirhJldrJrslsrrilunrsooRuuueounrrul#nruuoquduilrluilsinviliuurn:Ioruogjuu

du gr u f,o ri? u u a s n? ril drdtg r o,rn iu u r R l rsin s sfi sr rfl u n dn

7) rirrirrnduuo{nsuuilluusinvriflsrn:rauosionilrorruo,tdrjfnuriTsr

fiuufidolfnotsnttruR'rtusinvdru'lddruuonvnurJluusincfion::rudoulnuilsiavfliilsrn:fi

nsuuutfiutflu 100 ngtuutdonrrirrndszuo.rusiayfi'on::ildsurfiol#r.lrynoulunlruri.rdorI

rir u r ortdsu rlu urueo ilalil erilnruurrodonurfi o n ::u riosdldolonar rnrruolrdrjf nu r

ivrsrfiuuf

8) rh n s uu ud ldhI q u riu ri r sl o u 1, o.t u si a v fi o n :: il

olRRlti?ut?ilrtuudouorru orn flrfi u?srcg 20 nu ldl#:sdunsuuulunin srn :rafin osldnrnd'rnrrr{d o d.rd

vvttc6drilnvtluuunRflo{vrtvrulRrr{r g ru'n ornriurvrlrnsuuuudnrsrmYnurnrrru}hri',,r g sfinrur

l#norsn::unrrnruquinsrfiuufl#rvdunyuuulufion::rudoorfonu, rg fion:ru rdorflu

".trlud 6 flamalhsmnfinuugruilYfl urn: r sfio

lttilg'tRt naronr,lrulrnfi n nf.rd r HnrqnilrorYrnfin ni.rd z

ilrsrstnu

ilrcil.t

u'tt il't9l

4l

38

2L

439

t7

o r n n rr drtn nfi ntora rhumldlu.rru56'sfi ufi o s #nn rnailr al ur o ufi ao.r rfl u


roau{r Tdlrsrfiuliiifruso

v

Srunsuuuil:v,firfionr:udoudu r dsosldnnuo{nrrh?nvuuuqlo{tteinvfion::ttiosrfturup,

- J -Jo{gt'r5't{Tt 7 9r{U

ciauii s uuudu Rluoifl qmrqrld:: n unsrlorauouusluriaudrd sr flu nr:oqind-&rqdcvqdminsrn:rrsflrcloreirefl ncrdi ft ilierilnnrir

n r:r{fi 7 fl an r:tfinsuuilto{fio n :ru dosfsfi ilo I 8 fi on trrtninmrnftnumtfion:ru teaun&uutl

ninsrnrrlrttsmu ilrsnoudru fion:rudsu ldrrri

-nr:fi drui'rulunr: r.lqn ilr

-nr:tiqnqndudilrlrro,uu

-nr:d'rrussniaqlunr:In:tnr: ilqn{hmutau

-nrrd'rurilu nrrrunr:lulnrrnr: dqn ilrrrurau

-nr: r'ru rJ : vqllu'[nr t nr: rlqn rJ rsruta u

-nr: ud.reio rfirrn rlrdrdofi nr:nrcfi rfio?rf u tlntrndud il1fl uta u

9

ll6

7

6

5

nYrnsrn:rlrsm il:snsudru fi nncrtdou lfi rri

-nr l hi t'u flcririllu qqrnl d

-nr:'hiiludnirfrdfisr?Sloruldar:rnfinisn^nnquuruil:vtl.t rdu :ctfinilar,ldurrdo

-nrr rJfr s u flnirfrdltildnu'r"

-nr:drurfl unrrrunr:luaurnurj:sllduriruilsrsrrfi

-nr:d'lruuaororrr6orfi ulunr:ilraqtno{durnrril:ciltdu druilnorfi

-n r: d'u :sl: {rfu is d'rl rJ: ssrf,urfi'u fl#rfl r rlr rt.ldq ni6t r r, rrJA a

-nr:r tft sistdrurirfr disFnr: n:vrhfi onquuru il:sll.l

8

8

4

6

5

5

3

nYrnsrnrmsuro ilssnsudfru fitnrnrdou ldrrri

-nrrrfi urucuacf,nurnrr!essro

-nr:hiasr.rd.rrJqnafrru?r?orfl trfi 'ro

redo--n 1: 5 ?tJO 0 n?fl Erll olrlfhtluu

-nr: d'ufrnmulu nrrinurnruesorou3rialilufi to

-nr: drru:or:rrfirisdruh ssrflufruflfiinum?'rr,fl solou?trnrrruu ro

4

3

4

3

3

r.g.z rniorfrodlfi unr:ifrurfilqnr nru


riorfi oin s rdu u il tr^n u tdorlrr-oa an.u. 0nnlulnin rr u:'n r:fi n teodou) /5 I

ffi 6'o l dn rrdru n ru afut u t o ry a4n (Indepth-Interview) l u n n r fi l {o q a tfr l q nr n t n rft

firiio 1 dl d,flo ry a d fi n a ru au tJ t 0f lo sfi tJ : v rd u n r: dnu r d.r d

1) dolu n1fl vtl{fi{nil tdEUgno uiraareirafl nfl rfi

z) ilcUilrdrdueclo{ frilrifl ot otn'tuHou?rrnr eirafl nnrfi

g) nr:iiriaudrruroryrarJ:sru':dufirulu nr: orlindninsrn: nsil{ u?trat €im

fl0qrfi

+) fl qnrqrlar:nd,fi ,,due{onr:fi riaudaruvotm:iltr*lodudrulunr:oqind

vrinsrn:rruil{ uirafl drailnnrfi

s) {onuouuveir.rleionr:fi rirudaruro':rrril:vrutdufrulunr:orlinf

vrin srn:ursil.r uiranu draf, nnrfi

l.l nr:mril:sfiuBnrnmsrn*otSo

lurfruclo{nr:ifrurfi.rrjiurordtiiuuudrunrsni (euestionnair") rflurndotfiofinr:

$rr? 0do uu'rrJtsfivrfi nrntoqnfotfio d.rsiolild

s.+.t u.luds{str{rlo{rndoqu"o (conrent validity) uraoffiffuldafrtuulfrrunrunidt

il:ynoudauriausir{.1 rdol#rflurnfo.rfiolunr:ifisri{nrira ornrfuffio'o'ldriruuufiinrunid

agr.rra$orauolforor:ddrJfnsrunsnilsRrmRr:nruqruiuflrfifluffiorrulsr:?nflottuflnlt

narruq ndotror{sdrnrru uasld{orausuuslunr::Jiu:Jq.r

3.4.2 r{1n?rilflilurafrrasrmrurra*rruo o',"'rd1# nerilciorfro{sror{odrnluunv

n a rru rdo fiu lo sri rhJvr sr a o {lfi (Try our) rTu ym il ryro +f,u dru do hildn riu da o dr.r u?n ar n Ei

d r drunur{nnl drrnomuortn fr.ruinitflorfi ,ilruau 40 :ruunsrirnradldrurirn:rsr{ 6'.rd

z.q.z.t nrrurilrsfinfi nrurotuuuinnarruf

druruionarrufrurn:a oldnvuuu Inu{olsrnou gn h?nvuuil I nsuuu rlolsrno u

fisrlt{h? 0 nsrruu nd'rornrfur?ilnvulrul,oqueiavnuilrriwnvttuu 0rRnvtluu{{qqa{til1

$osny zz cJor,$lurufrerord.rnruorflunrilq.r uavr5srornor,,urrirqrdul:Jtosnv 27 flo{r

,f,ruauflerourfonur,fluorirudruonrflunriruqrunvnrirudrerrrtrirrTu nrnrfuririlritn:rvf:rs{o

(Item analysir) rdoisr:sdunarilurndrs (oifficulty level) rirdrum'firttun (Discrimination

power) unsrirnrurdurtu Reliability)Copyright by Mahidol University

marrfi' Tflt :crilouiiiffor sz

t) nr:mrrvdun?1il01n.i10 unerilri'ru10,f ruun ldqn:d'.rd lqqr::u fi o

da.95n'ru5E1l5 2534:86)

rirrsdunnilsln.i'ru ( P)

2n

rirdrurodutiln (r) = P"-P"

n

rfio n =,$ruauflnourf.rrarusrl unriru grlrf o nriue{r

ps = d1ilaufrerouqnlunriruq.r 1zz'zy

r" - druauflerouQnlunriil 6'r Qtot")

drniutnar.fnrrrdsnr?oriru'rudunr,'rrau ffif,uovm'on{orirnudfirir:ssiunerrugrndru fu) oqj:vndr{ 0.20-0.80 unsr?odfirirtirurrnudlrun (r) o.oz duhjrdrriudoyr.lrrurlfi

o?.r (qqt::ru fiorJ6oru?qvr3',zsl+,s6) rrn{ru?ffsnudr uur{onarrufddo.rrlfurirnrrulnrifi

tiunur s {o ldrui{sd g, 6,7,!s,t9 nrdrnrurdrurisnrun rs {s (risnrnnuan r.)

2) nlrilodouurrirnrrrurfroriu (Realiability)

rdo'ldrir:sdunarusrndrgnnvrirdrumdlrunuda 1ffif; nrryrneounarrurdofu

llo.tttuuionrrruf lorulfrqnt{o{t qrnof ttns?n{nd'u qnr 20 (Kuder-Richardson Formula

20 :KR-20) (q ty r r r ru fi o rli or uiq n{,zsg q,zo9 dt fi q n s d.r d

rirnarurdoriu { r")

I*l I r".Ion IL_TJ

,ds k-,$'ruru{oro.ruuuf,runruoirf.rnril

p = dodaucrot{orou gnlurtcias{o

q : flndeuto.r froroufi nluttsiav{o

sj= nrruurJr:Jrau te t n s I tu u t?lJCopyright by Mahidol University

riorfr-srin ur6'u u r tinurdulunn rvr.r. (rnnlulatn tru:'u trdlttrods!) lss

druiurirnarilrfioriuc,o{rulJuion?rruf drqrndr 0.2 orogilurnarq{darur:nrjrl:J

lfild trlqr:ru fioilinru?qvrfi', ?;iir:r7)tu'rru?6'ududldrilorlurdortuuirrTu 0.6507 dslnd

rd s.rrnar q{d.rnrira ds nrn Hu?R r,.

l.s nr:durauraru{oqa

q d gt, s,o- al, o a - &ruR1fl RUl'0{4fl ? 0 grJfl USt0U9rltuU R'tt 0'tU

t)droonrrorluRlr0'rRnruvfiuraodouuneilirrr,'rn:grenf ililriilurfisufrqn d.r

ilria u{rudrdsa{or rnusronarruaqrnnvflu n1rrfi il5?ilrarur?oryn

z) il:varutrufiurdrurird frrd oa{o.ruayil:ssrvuiunrrurduorunarudaruffolu

nr:'hlrdul1oryn

3) s{rrfi u nr:tfi u:au:aru{orynornil:v rrn:rfl rilurs lsr unrrlf,uuudu nru nfunsv Ja a Cghs tnc, t J

ulJUflilRlUOllS{nRn4?00 tgtflt'ttrtu

3.6 nrrem:rv#{oXa

ffifrurirnrrrJivil?nfl auasirnrryr{{oqnr8.rrliruru In urir{oryndldornuuaou

nril rirnr:srt?ndoun?'ruqndosarur;:airo.r{oryar{onur frnrvrfiuuunvf,nnriru{orya a9r.rq'

fon.r:rfa (code book) o:rob?nyuuuuuu{srnlrufl nr:1d$:rdraer: rncnrrfiriaudarlu

nr:oqindvrinsrn:rrsil.r Isruh?ncuuus,rrumarq{dsiol{ uila{oloryudldrflurria (*cr) nril

{ff0:faduri0u'lftrdanron{oryna.rlu coding sheer r4rnrritn:rrr{{orynIoolfirnior

norufiaroofTrJ:un:rdrtfogrJdrnfusruifiunrsd{nilflasrf (sbristic package for rhe Social

S ciences: SP S S for window) In sl #cfi sr'rdo n rr?tn: ry #n?o ry n d.r dt)rvdunrrfi riaudeuro{rrailryu.rdurhulunr:oqfndminsrnrrrsfu 1dafi 6

goetav @ercentage) rirrndu (Mean) rirtds{ruuillertgtu (standard Deviation) utlud

(Frequency)

2) nqf, ounaurdufrud:vudndetnl:64:silarudr (Nominat) f,udaurj:fl u I d'?

(Interval) l#afi6nrrirnnsr{fruurj: (Analysis of Variance) rdodnurrilisutiisunrrruflrurf,uf

r vua'x da uil:64:sriu druil: srril


ro6rnr: 1d! :cffiuuiiifrusa

3) rndounnrudrurf,ud:vrdrrnrirudo 0{o{fi?uiltdarvilarsfrr NoninaD f,u6'r

uilrntil 16a (IntervaDTn0ldaficr'nrt?tn:rvf'ilrttunnq (Multiple Classification Analysis

:MCA) rflunr:?mrry#narrufrrufrudclordaurJ:orruud.rda unsdauil:datvnars1drn9orufiu

dsrfluqorroiuro,Qnlremnvdnr:'Eruunuq lprsfirsdunr:iototdatulrorrudoqoqilu:vdu

nr:inrfl udarfnterval Scale) uavfi n riru do u (Dichotomy) ria u da urJ: 64:s dol fi : s du n r:io

rflunciru (Nominal scale) unrfinrirudos (Cateeory) rurnndraolnriruduhJ runnrritnrrvr{ovr{r

lfivrrrudr drurJr6a:sufoueinvnriutioororfirurJcda:srilrird ovcrrur:nof;u1uflarilfiu9.

ruilrc,o{daurJ:srrillddrfitNln frqriouunymdsnr:nruqrudrurJ:6r:ssTadulttavriourfrtnr:

nruqrdarrrJrda:sunsdaurJrffudarufi.rrnruor(qrM^rl:vfi vri'igfi u{,zsgtrtst)

l) n'r:N n'rt nrsolsdauilrfl rilunsdaurJ:64:vilsinsdr

z),$ruauor'ro tiNlunr:irn:rvr{ N)-rJvl) rirrnfi s:ailc,ordruil:sntt (Mean)

+) rirrds{ruuil'rsr:grilqJosdauil:srrilornrirtnd0luueinvnrirudouzuo{drI a 4l aa, U rJa

urjr0d:s0uild00st0 luil n0

4.1)'ilrurudaodr.rluusinvnriil(N)

4.2) rilqd0uotdruil:nrruluueinvnrirudou

4.3) rirtd0{tuuq,o.rrirrsdulotttoinvnrirudotlornrirtndu

:aruriourjfusTauilrdarsdrduf (Adusted Deviation)

4.4) rirrds{ruutstrirrnduusiavnriru ufitornnrrnauqrudr

urj:64:vsirdut (edjusted for Independents Deviation)

ra-rA9uil5st1illilon?ilqil fl nfl o{rfi?uur0u1iln?

a.s) rirrd s.rruu qr or rirm d uueinv nriu do o,du o t uqutio sYa uil:

daryttnydru:J:ffudau (Adjusted forIndependents Deviation & Covariates Deviation)

druf,udanrhda:susinsfirnsl#rirafi sr'ds$islild

eta 6o n?'md'rtJlsotosdanrj:64:slunr:of;ursnr:fruttil:tot6'attrj:

Beta 6o n ? 1il dlrJ rt olr o.r dr t t:J : 6a:slu n r: otûrs nr: flu uil :zu o.t si'l

dru iu deurJ: 6a: vr1 n dao sl #cfi 6 d's siolil if


rior,fr-niYr urdo ufl rir orduu fi na an.r. 0nnlulatntru3ntrdlueo#o!) /s5

1) rirdurj:sfivrfanf,rurft'ud (Multiple Correlation Coefficient) riou

rJiud'n:rnaruritudary d.rrdognd16'.rao.roshftirfrorieuzuotnrrfiuurj:dof;ursld Iosiliu

fiaurj:6a:sdonu*

z) rirfiurJ: vfi vrf,audru fru fvr r1 u d.r o r nrJiu o'sr:rnarrutfl u6atv ufie

rdosnrird'.rast (Multiple R Squared) uaotdsrriaunr:fruttil:c,otdauil:nrrudoBlrsldlnsdr

urhdarrrf.nrrsr

a) nrrtrn:rvr{doqarfi.rqernrnl#i6nr:tfitu::otrirn:rsr{ (Descriptive Approach

Anatysis) Iourirfloqadrfiurau:rruornnudunrsnfuurtnrvdn ilrrtttatln?uqjriunr:

irn:rsrfhjfias


rnAmr Tdl reanrrflnur uav nrrirnrrv#{oqa l se

ililfi4

runn I :flnuruaun r :tm :r v#rTo rya

am nudns riflu rdo'r nrrfi riaudr iluo{m?ilrsru.rdurhu lu nr:oqindvr rhrrr n :rrtlils nrat'dnur:€iraflstnrii f,qilioflnnrfi ffio'uld'rirffiunudnurgnsrirrauonnnr:?rn:rsflioryn z d'ru 6o nr:dnsrt8{ilSuratttnvnr:dnul8.rqorRlfl nasldrirrauonanr:dnuruns

nr:irn:ryr{florynrflu z deu 6s

+.t nnnrrdnurt8{ilt'utatlssnrrirn:rvrfdoryaornuuuf,ilnrsni (euestionnaire)

+.2 n n n r r dnu 118{ q u n 1 u Iq u n r : fiil n ru air r u u r o w n'n (Indepth-interview)

c. t emnr:6insufirrj?rrnrlosnr:?rn:rc#{o gaornuuu#rnruaj (euesttonnaire)

flanr:dnsrarur:nagilldrfl uriausirrl d'.rd

+.t.t doryndruil:vrrnr nns d{nu rarugfiorouJrrrrnrnrirudaodr.r

4. 1.2 idrtuR:vrTuto.:doryndrurJ:vrrR r uns dr nru ra:u gfi orotil:yrrn rnriru drI

ot'lit

q:.2 rviluaarruflunr:oqindvriuurn:vrsilr

+ l.q z vdu nrr'l diu d ra ar :1 u n rr o q indvr iil s r n : yr,il,r

+. t . s : s 6'u n rr fi cf a u dr ru cJ o { vr r il rv u.r du fir u 1 u n r r o r1 indvr ifl s r n : rr uil,r

+.t.0 nr:irn:ryr{nrrffuuil:uasnr:?rn:rs#nr:,fi ruu nlrrl

+.t.t iltyu't qrlarrn ttasclotauouuv n rrfi riauiarurosrmrj:vru.rdurhulu nr:oqfndvrinsrorrruil,r

+. t. t floryn druilrsrrn r fi.: n il un v rn:u g fi o r o.r rJ :r rr n r nriru da o dr.r

ornnr:dnu r{oXndru il:crrn: ttnsfiinru ra:u gfi rro.ryr.rrJ:rru.rdurft u u?raru

draflqflrfi ,ilruau 330 nu nanr:dnurarur:nof;ursld'd'.rdt ,..,r.,.d g )org nudr nrildaodxrfaulnqjfiorgrvrdr,: 30-39 it (9ounr s0) ro{n{lfiui nriu

deotir.rdfiorg:vndrt zo-2gil ($osnv 40.r) fiorg:sudrr +o flduftJ ($ouas 7) lnvorq le flCopyright by Mahidol University

riorfi niilurdo !utinutdurtitna rn.l. onnlulatnr:u:.ut:frqurado!) /5?

n{ilr (gouas z.r) Inofiorqrndurrirfi'u 30.4 fl olqq{qntd1ilu +ofl orgdrqnrvirfru ts fl uns

rJrieurfi sqruuillotglunil ilu e.z

:ydunr:dnsl ilildl rydlnr:dnu1q{qauo{rnrirudrodr.r 6o :soiurJ:uaudnsl

Toronrirudaotir.rdaulmqildiunr:flnsr:yduil:snrudnur ($ounv st.s) :o{n{rrrldrrri nritdr

o dr'rdhirn uldiunrrf, ns r ($o snv as.s)

:ruldornnuil:snouorfinsiordsu urdr nrjrudrodr'rriaulrnqjfi :ru'ld:vndr.r

3,001-4,000 urn 19ounv 41.2) ro{ra{lrfi:rfl1d:srdr +,001-5,000 rl'lvr ($ogav 33.6) ttov fr

nflnld:sil?'r{ 2,001-3,000 u1il (gogns l9.l) fi:rs'ld:vud1{ 5,001-6,000 tltrt (9osas 5.5) unu

:roldg,rndr o,ooo urri du'hJ (9osnv o.o) lnufi:ruldrndsrdrriu 3,sl6.t urvr :ruldq.rqnnir

tiu 6,500 urvr :rsldeit4onirfiu 2,t00llryr ttnvrirurds{liluiltsrtgluflirfiu goa.q

d'rtvrCS:susranrfrorf,uo{1ufio.rfiu ilil?'r nqrio?ou'r{rilsnsrrieulmqjfi:vovnardogj

orderluu?raardreflsrnrfiluda.r n-20 fl ($ouav 40.9) io{n{ilrfi:vusnnrdoqiorf,tlluriar t-

ro fl ($osns gl.6) unsfi:vuvraardogjorfiulurias 21-30 fl gosnv 14.6 iytrvt'tnrdoqiorfrulu

eir{ lr-+o fl$osas to.r uauisuvraardoqjorfiu +o tJdulrJ (9ooas o.o) flrildrdu Tosfi:vuv

nardoqior#ulufisffiurndu ro.s fl :sssnnrdogiordulufro.rfiuqrqer +s fl rrnvdrqo z fl

uavriaurdu{ruuillcriglunirfirl g.z

'd01uRrr?rlrfirnu nudr nriru6'rotir.rfifinurrirulnqjhiiienrunrnmr.:fr.:nil (90fl

av 91.8) riaunriudrotir.r (9osac e.z) dfiaorunrumrtfrtnru

,fi ruauarurfinluniar$ou rorrdr nrirudrodr.rddnsrriauluqifi ,f, ruauarurfinlunir

rioulu.ria.r +6 Fru (9ssny 75.8) ro{a{ufi,iruruarurfinlunferiouludr'r t-3 nu (9ounv

rg) unsfi,ilruauaurfin z nuduhJ (9ouns r1.2) Tqsfi,ilruauarur8nluniarisurndsrrirfiu +.q

nu,Eruaueurfinlunirrfouq.rqo g ou,,nrri'lqo 3 nu uasdeurds{riluil'lert$lunirrTu t.r


ro6mr: 1# nnRr:flnut unc ntfimrtrr{{oxa lss

nrrNd g druauuas{osasllo{od{et-?edtsriutunsrt uffnsarsrYr'lr.lw druru fouas

o1u

rsflunsehn'ir

2,f.-2slJ

30-3efl

+ofluavq.rn'it

:?U

F = 30.4 S.D. = 6.2

:sdunr:dnur

lilnldiunrrf,nur

rJrsoruf,nur

:?U

s roTdornnr:ilrgno uorfiileiot6ou

hirfiu t,ooo urvr

3,0014,0m

4,001-5,000

5,001-6,000

e,oot duhj

:?U

63

136

111

18

2

330

111

135

48

34

2

330

S.D.=9.7 Min=2 lvlax=45

303

27

330

7

L3s

165

23

330

Min= 18 Max=46

2.1

40.9

50.0

7.0

100.0

160

L70

330

48.5

51.5

100.0

19.1

4t.2

33.6

5.5

0.6

100.0

F= g,gge.t S.D. = 804.9 Min = 2,100 l4ax = 6,500

lororrA5susr?a1mo1fluou tilvto{0lJ

-

cirn'ir tofl

t1-20fl

zt4oi|

31-40fl

arfldulrj

t?ll

T= 16.5

dnrJRlllYll{d{nil

hifiaorunru

franrunrn

5',!U

33.6

N.9

14.6

10.3

0.6

100.0

. 91.8

E.2

l(X).0


96uturvtgt2nBlas rill?n0lnmjl|on en.r. 0rrn'[ula?n r:u:û rrfr qtr ndou) /s 9

a'nsorni'?ltj 6ruru gouac

11 1U ?UrlrJ'rIfl lun: ?t5 0tt

1-3 nu 43 13.0

+6rru 250 75.8

z nuriu'hJ 37 rr.z

r?rJ 330 100.0

T<.g S.D. = 1.3 Min = 3 Max =8

4. 1.2,i1uu n:crTuuo{rloryn dru ilryryrn: uns d,{nil ra:u gfi o ilo{ilru u'rR: nriru da

lunrrfl nu rrioryndrurJ:usrR: uns dr n ru rdru Sfi 0 uo{ nriruda o tirr {5fruld,f, ruu n

0g'lil

:srluvoq{sqarflu g rvdu lorsldrirrqd s tnv Ltzsro{riaurdu{ruuil1er:grudld,flurnnre{lu

nrrurir rrnnr:dnsrldnadsd (sT,rr'rrlod g)

or g nudr nrirudao dr.rriaulmqiiior gilru nart et -sqfl ) 9o unr 72.4 ro{n{il rfi or q

e{r (Orndr zzfln.rrur) gssns so unvnriuolqq{ (q.rnd1 34il) gosnv zz.e srrildreiu

:rsldsioto'ou nudr nrirudaotirrriauh,rqjfi:rsnldrJrunnrr (r,+ds-+,2,u rrvr; 9oo

nv 40 :sqntilriirroldqr (qsndr 4,23s \1n) flouns rt.t narnrirudfi:rsldrdr (sirndr :,+rs

ilril) gosas zg.z srrildro'u

ruurtaurdorfiuo {lu#o'r6u yrudr nrjruda o drrriau lmqjfi rvusranrdorf,so gjrJru

nn1{ (12-21 fl)9osnv 38.2 ro{a{ilrf!:ssvranrdor#uo{dr (drna'r tz fl) #oflas :2.: unvnrjru

dfirrorraardorfruo{q.r (qrndr zr it) foons z+.s orruiirrTl

'iruauarurfrnluniarfou nudr nrirudao dr.rriruluqjfi 'fi ruauarurBnluniarfou

ilrunnrt (4-6 nu) gosic 7s.B ro{ra{ild,iruruarurfinlun$ar6oudr (Orndl4 nu) gosas ruavnrirudfidruauaurfinq{ (q{ndt e nu) gosny rr.z qriliirdrr


Adrqarln' tf,t fiaRl:f,nur rtas ntr:-rnrtrr{rlo1a I oo

tte o I I v ! o 9t.--.---u-..-. -!1-ll-lnlfl{fl 9 dril?iluas50g6u{

frnuorsrfe'hj ,ilruau $osns

01q

: _:olqd1(rirndr zzfl)

orqilrunar{ (27-34fl)

olqq'l (q'rndr rafl)

I?U

:ruldcioter'ou

nuldeir (drndr 3,435 u1m)

:rsldrjrunat (3335-4239 ulvr)

:roldq-r (q.rndr 4,239 ulvr)

Cq16rgrA5e uur?a'1r01f,u0 g luvto{$il

rv,,rranrdorfruq.r (qsndr zt fly' t?u

,fruauarurfinlunf,arfou

,f ruauarur8nluniarfoue{r (sirndr + nu)

druauaurfrnlunflarfouilrunarq (4-6 nu)

,ilruauarurfrnluniarfouq{ (q{ndl 6 nu)

99

239

92

330

93

t32

105

330

t23

t26

8l

330

43

?50

37

30.0

72.4

27.6

100.0

28.2

40.0

3r.8

100.0

37.3

38.2

24.5

100.0

13.0

75.8

lt.2

,ror,.uldurfrseir (sirndr rz it)

trurr.u'durfrsilrunnr{ (12-21 fl )

5?lJ 330 100.0

+. t J rsdunuufl unr:orqindvriu urn:srsil.r

o r n n r: fi nu rnudr na rrufrd ua fi'u n r: o q indvrifl s r n: n ufl t r ot n rju ria o dr{ fi : r uI

cl edaut0g9lo{u


risrfi srinsrdu rrurinolfiulfi nn rn.u. 0nnlulainr:!3rtcfifl taodol) lot

r{rnrru{od 1'{lrrrsrnudnidruayflur4md{t?iltisndlflinflrn:rrsil.rrflu

vrinurn:dldudeuro'hJ hiarrur:nrfiodulnrild" nrirufiaodt.rfinarrufqndos gosns 62.2 finarrufhiqndo.r Souav gz.a

rirnurclod 2'ltfinurn:sroih fie {lrrrsraudndrilrur"'turnrofiqorriruavqil

rJ:slofliilrnruroeiourlufirnsinuraruqadlu:vuuu^taf,ti- nrjrud'rodtfinerrufqneYos 9osnv

ez.a fi narufhiqndo.r {ouav t .+

r{rnu{sd 3 "ilcgrrnurdsruIvr:ruro{dlrsrsrnuu'rt }t'rnttnu nltnnn{ruo{frnidl

rfioduornnr:nrsdrrasfion::runrrldrJrcTsrddrurn- nrircTrodrtfi naruflqnsla{$soas ao.t

fi narlfhiqndor 9ssns tg.s

r{rorru{od 4 "Ruoqinddhsrsrnu dEr{rir unvsrr,illerdadqt n's nr:hidrtor

nin sr n r yrsil$fuilrl #rn u" nriru dr o tirrfi narufq n do.r $s sns zo.6 fi na ufhiq ndti.r go un s

73.4

rirorru{sd 5'{hsrurnu unymsfl 10rfl uunri{do gjotfruunvtutrirornr:torf,srilir

iseio u" nriu dao dr.r fi naur$g n do{ $o sn s sz. t ii narru flhiq n do.r ! ouav tt .g

r{rnrru{od 6'rllrquayYnurninurnr"luilo lduri {hvrsrnu frqid1 rronrqfih?

gnrirnrurfluil#rduoq$rmfirdrosigrdrrfu" nrjrudaodr.rfinarufqndo{ $ounv ro.s finarrf

lriqndo.r lsaas eg.z

r{rnrilc?od 7'{hsrsrnuosdasaon?rilqilrrr{s,uooduuudoovdaofloqfiuttu?$'ru

ilonrruuuruauqrnrrfinrryrsfirmnrr nrirurr'eotirrfinarrufqndot $ssns ze.o finarrufltiqo

dor $ssav zg.e

r{rnrru{od 8 "RlrqREn,,firulodudillrlt rnu,dor{rhJldrJ:cl0vftfluaru,rqfti'

{Jryrsrnunontunvrfionrrrurdsrulnru" nriudaodr'rfinaufgndoq $osav st.z finarrufltiqo

dos 9osns s.g

rirnril{od 9 "nuoqindilrsrsrnu do nr:rJqndu'lfinnunuv;nnf.rdfinr:6'o'

nrirudao drfi narrufg ndo{ $o snc sa.+ fi narru f'hig ndo.r $o snv +t.o

r{rour{od to'€dnrrrrflnhfl qrarduafru{lrnstnudgnr{rarudddqn do nr:rJ6ou

l#rfluhJnrurrcilurfi" ncirud'rodnfionru{gndo{ $osas zaz finarruflriqndo'r $ssav zt.g

riroru qlod t t "luil o qriufi n r: nJd au an ru {l rn stau rfl uu r{t dtruao{hm um u s n

r:Jdsuanrilrfluurflru#afisrndocdrl#iianmd.r6ru" nrirudrodNfinarrufgndo{ $osnv so.o

finarrufhigndo{ $osns s.+ Copyright by Mahidol University

roa'rn: gd? ilnnr:flRsr ilac nrrirn:rvf{oqn I oz

r{rarru{od L2 *nrrqndrdudil'r"',u,uu,ravR1rd1a'rs{lrsrstautfluuaop4rl#

uinsrnrnofurdsilIrruunsRrvyrurTunarrurfluogirotrlrvursulnociaut?il" Rriufr?otir.rfi

nerrufqndor $ouac ze.+ finmruflhigndo.r $osns zt.o

rirnrru{od t3'tJ3ruru fin{rildanarosnrvmurfunrrrurfl uoqjrosil:vrrrutn: rv

finidlrfluunri.rornr:ddrrTryunriwrd.r" nrirurirodr.rfinrrufqnds.r fosa v Bg.2 finarrufhi

qndo.r Sssos to.g

r{ rorru flod A "n rri ril rv ru.rl u q q rr.r'ldhifi nrnsio nalu EqildilU rnfto.rf,oidl"

nriudao dr'riinarrufqndor 9o uav +o.z fr neruflhiq ndo.r $ssnv sg.s

r{rnrils?od ts "nrfludq{lirr1 onu',rrfonuro16 nunsrurnlnqihifi nnsio naril

qnraruqraizuorf,n{dt nrirdrotirrfinerufqndo{ gouns rt.z finnrufhiqneto.r $ounv os.s

r{roruc?od t6 *nr:oqinrir{u{fiodrironnrlfrfiil?ilrnr#nid1rfiuu'rorJr,,uvrirh?

1#rJ:vlurdmin0rn:f,oidr16'lu:ssyreu',u'r.u',udu" nriudrodrfi narufqndo.r $osrav

za.+ finrrrufhigndot lssav n.e

r{rnrru{od tz "nr:ldrvrfi n ffudnrhirfl unr:virarofiu{der{riruaclilfiaRqilu rrr

:J:s u,r' n rirurTao drr fi nr ufq n do.: fo un s az.z fi na rru fhiq ndo.r ! ouav tz.l

r{rnrrurlod t8 "R'rrrsrlrurirrfluornurfl.:unrrirrflsnrnumrirgrurunrqfuyrnfiriau

virlri'vriusrnrrrsil{rdoilIrril" nrirueTaodr.riinarruf,qnfros $osns t2.4 fiae-wfhiqndo.r

lomv n.e

r{rnrilclod l9 "nr:riodfr.rfi.rriaagxrirrolu?nurrunrgrr4rh?ryrsr4'rre.uorurfiu

du ,rur,flunuor1indrruilrnlilfiar nriud'rodrrfinrrruflqndo.r $ouny g+.g finarrufhiqo

sYo{ 9osav os.z

rirnrru{sd zo'sr,,ulndrdoruIvrnrosduduqfanrnrfiruldotir.rraqr$r- nrirude

odxfinarrufgndot $osay sz.z iinarufhigndo.r louav +zs

lunrrdnsrrfo.rnnufrlunr:oqindnf,nsrn:rrsil.rcro{rrril:suodufi'r, 6td'01d'

a$r.r{or{rnrurdsrrTunruflvi.rurur, 20 ilo lnsfirdoilrnrounqrulu,fuoal,rqro.rolldoru

In:ilcJo{nYflsrnrvrsflt naudrdqunyd:ylurriclotnfnurn:"roilo anruiltgmrro.r

vtinsrn:vroiltluiloqriu uu?m1{R'rroqindvrilrurorn'ruilo lqsirnncdrvdun'rruforn

or,tuutnds nav ttz{o'rrirutdu{ruuillsrrglu Ioufinvuuurndorrirf,l tz.e rirq.rqnrrirfiu zo


uotonn?nulau lJil1?TUln0uilaa :n.u. 0nnlula6n t:u:'u trEqtando!) tos

/uee JtRBtcn t?a{u

s ttirvnun?1il[9t1

:vdunarrufiJ'ruRn'til

:vdunnrufq'r

nriudaotir'rrieulnqifi:vdunrrrufiJ'ruRn1{ ilouav sa.t ro{n{rillilryo'unauf

q.r $o o n v 24.2 uas nqru da o ti r rd fi r v du na ru fri r 9o o n y r g. r d.r sr r : r.r d t o

sn llirYt l0 tuoufl?Iilfim g?nunrTo uSnuilSTturn TTrsfl {

nvuuu rirairqn 14 nuuuu unyrfaurdu{rnlurJlnrgrunirfiu t.z si{srr:r{d to a'utlrnuri.:rflu

'ldnsuuu

ldnyuuu

ldnvuuu

drndr l7 nvuuu

l7-18 nsiluuI

rJlRR?1 l8 nsilUU

:vo'unaruf 01lJ?u flouay

rvrfi'unarrfdr (drndr tz nvuuu) 63 l9.l

56.7

24.2

100.0

Min = 14 Max = 20

:vri'unarrufihuRnt{(17-18ns[uu) Lgl

:vdunarruflq.r (rurnndr t8 nsuulr) 80

'r?u 330

X = 17.5 S.D. = 1.2

+. t.+ :sdunr:ldiuciraar:lunr:orlindniilsrn:rrsil'r

lunr:flnurr$o.r nr'l6i:rciraar:lunr:oqindvrfnsrnr"loilororrrarJryu.rdu

riru ffi o'oldair.r s?o drorutd ur fiunr: ldiudraar: ln sirn :rv r{rsdu n r:ldiucira ar: 01 R

otuuutsdudld uas t/z closdaurduuuurulotgludldrflurnuq{lunr:urir Isrsfinyuuu

rnduuirf,u a.z rirq.rqoruirfiu t2 nsuul.r rirdrqn 0 nvuur.r unvdrurdu{iuilil'rerrg'ruuirriu

2.32

rcdunr:'ldiudraar:dr ldnsuuu

rudunrr'lfiiudrrarrilrunnrr'ldncuuu

rsdunrrldiudraarrqr lldnvuuu

sirndr 4 nutruu

4'6 nvfiuu

q.rndr 6 nvuuuCopyright by Mahidol University

nanltflnur uac nt:irn:rvrirlorya I o+rof,lnr 1of

nriudaodr.rriaulmqjfi :ydunr:ldiudnar:rhunnl{ gounv 44.6 to{ta{ilrfr :sdu

nr:ldiucirrar:cir go unv 32.2 uay ncirudro tirsfi fi :vdu nr:ldiudrrar:qt $o snv 2z-t 6$'l

r'rod tt

"lrrod r r :sdunr:nldYudraar:lunr:orlYndvrYno',nrnl0fls

rsd'unr:'ldiunireer: 'ilruau $otlav

rvdunrrldiuEiraclsdr (drndr + nsuuu) 108 32.7

:vdunr:ldiudraar:ilrunnrt (4-6 nsttuu) 147 4.6

:sdrnr'ldiurirrer:qt (qtndr 6 nvttuu) 7s 22.7

r?lt 330 100.0

n = 4.7 S.D. = 2.3 Min = 0 Max = 12

0'tRR'ttt?utrru{oqatrnttuufiunrurf nudr rrarlrru{dud,urirulnqifi narrfio

ruXu.ir nr:ldfunirrarrrduafrunr:oqindvrinsrnrnsil.r lrirfiu.rvro $ssnv 89.0llnu tfistflo

gosny n.0 lun:ddhfufis{uofinrruuludrdornltr:1il{oryarduarYuanrnflcgurtot

miilsrn:yroil.rluiloqriu ulodqor gosav es.o dududdol n'o {orynln:rnr:tdsefiinr:

oqindvring'rors',ollu $osas ra.o dududarru fio {oqnrdoafi'r.ltru?Ttl{RltorlYndvrinurn:

ursilr gounc rr.o dududd n'o rloqarduef,uuvrurr{osrrriltruldurirulunr:fideu:'eru

oqindvrYnolor"luilo $osas +.0 dududdr 6o {orynrduafrumrrudrriqrtnvil:slsrfuos

vriusrn:nsik $ogns z.o

1u rf auto s {sryuddu o o'trt: ru tfi ru tfi ru srailr rrutdurhufi neruttXudrna:mutrild

mrsimqurndqn 9oun, sr.z dudldao.rln:rfari gosnv n.a 6ududd1il Rltou:ruldnlruf

gsunr z.+ dududd rdrnfirdsro.rig $ouar e.r dud'ud#r nri.rdsfirud $ouar s.z dududun

udufiuArjarstof $o uns +.0 dusTudrdn to nar: to{lll'l,l: lsR'l: 9o sos O. g

rrarhsrusdufru $o sav gz.o t#udrfi nerru drtfl uddo'rvrrrudrrar:td sa n'u nr:

oqinfvriuolnrsluill uas goonv g.o rfiudrlil,ilrrflu ttavufittrnldf,uqirrar:tdurn'unr:

orlindvrinolorruilouda rtlrJwrurdur1rufi narruaulotfi*rdu So unt z6.o osrnt{rrurfi rilu

deu gouns 19.0 unv trirnuault $osav s.o


riarfi niYrurd'o rlntinotduufi oa :n.u. (rnnlulti?nr:l:'il r:f, qilrnfroru) /6s

4. t.5 rseTunrrfi riaudaruuo{smiltyru.rdurhulunr:oqindvriusJrn:rrsilt

lunr:dnurtdotrc6'unrcfi rirudaililo(ls't?:Jtuil{dud1u ffi fruldagr.rflorirorn

rdsan'ufion::runrriideudaurf.ruusr tg fionr:u lduri nr:firiaudaulunr:rJqn{h nr:hi:trn

qof,fud{ll"rurnu Rrrdrruooniaqluln:rnr:ilqn{lrvrotau nr:darutflun::runr:lulni{R15

rJqnilrrrurau nrrdaruilrvqruluIn:sn'r:ilqn{lrflutnu nrrufl.rsiordrmfrdrruoofinun:srirfin

nfoqoqndudrJlnl,,,nu nr:'hifrldniri.rluqqrl.r'ld nrr'hiffuflst{fidAoaf; nr:rJdsudn{

tirdtritArrro nr:darurflun::runr:1uarurnril:vu.rdur1ruflsrorii nr:drilttda{n?1il6orrriu

1 u aru r n ru il : y ru.rdu r?ru fl q n rfi n r r da il : fl : { r{fi 60 :' a ru rJ : v sr frru rf,u fl fifl nJ : v t.: d q nifi n t :

u6'.rciorfrrildrdrdsiinr:*rrJrsru.rdfiErnAililru nr:tfiuzussunsfnurnetruasorotlinflu'tutt'le

nr:hiagrsfi.rrlqna9r.ruiraaryrsmror n'r:drrusoniaqrdorfl rfr.rruuv ntdrrufnsaulunr:

inu rn r rru avo ro uita or $'r uu'rFl

u?raru yrsurn (d.rorrr,rd u)

nr:daruru:.r rfr,rfodarurJ :smfrufru flfiins mrtuf, so ta

n'r RR'rrr? u: a ru{orya orn uuuf,u nruafluriautot fi on::runrrfi riaudarudo giuu

-&aavrl@l-agruuinurn:nsfls g rfin 6o uinsrn:ihyrsrnu riusrn:il:sru{ uns nittsrn:rruil1et flu

dr

ilifl srnrihylsrnu il:s noudaufi qn::ru ds snionut e fi onr:ru ri s.riirdu nr:fi riau

:'rruroryrtrJmr.rdur.hulufion::rutiouornrurnhJfios 6o nr:daurJqnihvrttau $osnv z.g

nrrdarurfl un::u nr:1ulnt.:nr:ilq nihursrau Yo sav t.+ nrr:'arurJ:vqrululntt nr:rlq ndlr

slurau $osac t.r nffiuffrsiorflrndrdrdoiinr:n:vrirfiornfoqnqodudill"lutau $osav 0.0

nr:dauosnicqlulnr.rnrrilqn{lrmurnu gooav o.+ nr:hiqnqoff,ud{llmutnu $oonv o

mf,u srn:ilrsil{ ilcsnouda sfi o n: :ru do uvf'rnru s, 7 nô Rt:tt ti s.rritdl nr:fi rir ut

dailcrosurarl:yurdufrulufion::uriosornurnl:Jfiou 6o nr:'hifruAs'i1fidAsef; nio fiq

nailills $osav gg.o nrrdarrflun:rrunrr1ucrurnruil:rru{dudruflonrfi 9o0as +.8 nr:dat

:ar:rr{nfodaruil:syrfiurt'ufhi'r4rrJrvurdgn?6 gouas +.t nr:rJdouAo{rirdh;'ldilurn 9ou

as 3.4 nrrdaruuenqnarrufi srr#ulunr:rl:v grl to irdillnilrJ:vru.rdurhufl nnrfi $o sav 2.5 R1t

st. ct 9,AAa oa . g tl-!-.r---o,--C-i-q----^^^!t^?rudlsror{rilfirflriioIinr:n:vr{rnr'ornqmrursil:ynr goans t.z nr:'hifluderirirluqqar.r'hi

9osns o

nflnurn:yrsurn il:snoudrufion::rudouri.rmruo 5 fitn::ru riurrirdunr:firiau

darurorrrarl:sru.rdur1rulufionr:rudsemrnrurnnhlfios 6o nr:darufnsaulunr:f,nurnrru

ayorouiraoru'rr,nlrl fosay zg.o nr:daruooniar;rnaorhfisuuvu?t?il'nsilrer $ouns l5.t nttCopyright by Mahidol University

roaltr gdi nnnr:flnul tmr nrtitnrtu#doryn I oe

hiair.rd.rrJqnagr.ru?rail.rttlil'ra gouay g.t Rr:d?iltrus.rrirafodarurl:cryrdilfiuf,hflfnur

n?lildvolau?taatrrsnro gosns 2.4 nrtfi ill0uttnvfnu'ln?1ildsolou?tauursmrn

$osnv o

Insov?rnnsd:sdunr:firiauiaruoronr,,uuododld,rut tiz ltotriautfiuu,uu

il'rerrg'ru Insfinyuuursdurdrfru 14.5 ritq{qnrrirf,u 36 neuuu rirdrqorrvirrTt 0 nsttuil tlne

rieurdn{$uurer:grunir ilu g.+dqnr:r,rd l3 dldtfl utnolq{lunuuri.rl{ftd

rvsTunrrfirirudailcirnldnsrtuu drndrl0nvtlllu

rvdunr:fidaudauilrunnrt ldnvuuu 10-19 nvttuu

:sdunrriidaudruq.r ldnvuuu qlndr 19 nsttuu

nrirdrotir.rriaulu qifi :sd'u nrrfi rirudeulu:sdusir 9s onr 37.3 t0{n{rurfi :vdu

nr:ficiruieru4r$ounv lz.z uavnrirusTasdr{dfirvd'unr:fidrur'arur.hunar.t 9ouav go.o


rior,ilm'n srdu ufi t:'nutduufu na rn.ru. Gnnlulntnt:uButrdqnndo!) /67

sniNd u nr:fildauiailflostrarl:rxsduflrulunt:orlYndnYfl urnttrufl.t

NiR:SU hirnu u1{fttil UO0n5.t 4nn5.l

ninsrnrrlrrurau rhsnoudas6onrru 6o

r. nr:drrrJqn{frsrurau

z . nrrbir;nEndudillrru,u,

I . nr:drruoonieqlulnr.rnr:dqnihnurau

+ . nr:durfl un:rrnr:'luln:snr: ilqndlrlrurau

s . nr:drurJ:rqrluln:.rnrrilqnihrrurau

e . nr : ufrr eio r {'rlr rfrdrdofi nr: n: srt r fi n u f o q n q n dr d dJ',

flurnil

nfnsrnrilrsus drsnsudfisfionrru 6e

z . nrrhif,udnirirluqqrmld

8.nlts. nr: ildsuf,nirirdhildturor

ro. nrsdrufl un:sunrrlueurnrurJ:sucdu fruilsrsrrfi

t t. nr:duueornrrufiorfi ulunr: rl:vENi,o.rrlumtt

rJrslrdurlruilnnrfi

12.nrrdrucur.re{rdf sdrrrjrcsrdlrr{udltl'rirrj:c!,rii€

qn?D

tt. nr:ufr{giordrr,rrlrdrdsinrrn:svirfinnqruruilrvru.r

nirnsrn:ursno rl:snousflarfionr:r 6o

rq. nrchia$r.rd.rrlqnesr.ruirrorsruu roteAts. nrcdruoonieqrnôrlrtYwucuinuyruil ro

te.nrrdrr:orr'rrfirfr odrujrgnf,!fiuf,b{:-numrrru

acornuitratrluilm

t7. nr:drufrnu'lulunr:insrorudgorou?nolu'ruurel

ta. nr:rfiuruflracinurnrrrecsrouinor$rufim

69.6

82.3

52.8

61.4

60.1

s6.9

90.2

0

20.5

82.7

6E.9

zo.4

0

1.8

7.6

83.4

2.5

0.9

34.3

15.1

36.2

2t.l

t8.2

30.8

5.6

0

46.9

3.6

20.8

80.4

11.6

2t.l

72.8

&.3

0.7

?n.t

1.1

2.6

10.6

16.1

20.4

ll.7

4.2

0.4

29.2

8.9

7.8

7.9

3-3

72.6

tt.2

t2.9

2n.7

75.9

2.8

0

0.4

L.4

1.3

0.6

0

99.6

3.4

4.8

2.5

4.t

L.7

3.8

15.1

2.4

78.6

0


rofixflt tdl nanrrf,Rur rtns nt:irnrrvr{{oP I es

fl l:Nd 13 ?vffilnrtfi dauiarucjo.in?diril{dufrulunrtorlYndvrYnsrn?ilsfl{t

tsounridaudrru 'iruau SounY

:sdunrrfiriaudarudr (drndr l0 nvttuu)

:s6'unr:fi riaudaudruna'll (10-19 nvttuu)

:s6'rnr:fi ciaudauq.r (qtndt 19 nsltuil)

4.r.6 nrrirnly#nr:fiu1il:uay nr:6rn: tv#nrr drttu nurl rfi onli silrfi siln?'ltl

frir fru fr v n drr fre urh 6ar s d o s t t si n s d'a riu dr il il : o r il

druiltda:s (Main Etrects)'ldrrri

:sdunrrflns'l

t23

99

108

330

37.3

30

32.7

100.0

nr:fi rirudautosmrilrvru.rdufirulu nr:oqfndvriuurn:ryrufl 'l

01nst1t't{tR'l:?tnnv#nr:fruurj: dlqr:r{d t+ nudr daurj:6alvTos:?il n'o

:sfiunrrdnul dolunrurrsdrnil nrrldiilcirrar:rdsrfrunrrorlfndvrinulorrluilo narlf

rdsafiunuoqindvrino'ror"'ruflo ,$ruauerurfinluni'lrfou Ero'ldciordsu finrasionr:frurnJ:

c,s{nrrfi riauderrsryrarl:sru.rdufirulu nr:oqfndnin orn:vrsilto dr,rfi riudrdtyd:sdu

0.05

dofior:andaurl:6a:srfl u:rs6'e iludr :vd'unr:dnurfi nrnsio nr:fi deudallunr:

orlindnfirulorr'roilo odrrfirisdrdrgnxafifid:sd'u o.ot rirufloffsoau r ldrrri flCIluRlll

rldqnil nr:ldYudrrar:rdsrflunr:oqinfvriuolor"luilo narrufrduafiunr:oqind

5?Xl_

nrr'ldfuriraarld uaf,u nrroqindnin u'to, nloilo

ne rrufrd oa rTu nr: oq fndvr ifl srn: rr sil.l

'firuruarurfinluniariou

ns'ldsiordsu

' rfo'ruR'n'rn{dqnil

daurjr ffudaru (CovariateO 16'rr ri

,rr,r,tudurf,uogj

o1q

deurjrnu'lduri


riarfi ninurdu lntinurduufi na en.u. (rnnlulatntru:-iltrdsmsrdsrl) /os

vriflsrnrryrsflt druauerurfinlunie16ou :rsnldsiotelôu

oqindvrinu'rntfl uil{odr.rfi riudr6'tgvrr'ra66d:se1ilo.os

hifi nn cio n r:fi ria u daru lu n r:

rdofior:nnfirurJ:fiudaru nudr,ror,.u'tdurf,uoqilurla{fiufi nnsionr:fideudal

lunrroqindmYusrn:nuil.r odr.rfiriudrirXvrr.rafifid:rdu 0.os riauorq hifinncionr:fitiau

darulunr:oqindvrinu'tor"',rilu sdr.rfi risdrd'tgnrtafi fidrvd:t o.os

olnRl:madouilNafififl o.ruuudrnor uudr daurlrdarvunvdruilrfrudaurTturusr

(Explained) arrur:nsf; ursnarilf,ilr{u#tosfl of,tldfi nrasis nr:fi riaudallu nr:oqfnd

n fir u r n : vr sfl .r o tir.r ii ris dr rTqvr r t afi 6d : v du o.os

rdonôrtotrdilrJrcfinfilltoo0ottqJo'rdatrrJ:frudaru uudr ,ror,.u'tdurfruoqjlu

dordu iinarruf,ur{uf,rfiuranfiunr:fidrudrruqrotrra:Jrvt.rdudrulunrrorlindmsnsrn:

vruil.r ciauorqzuorurrrJrsrrdudruosfinrrrudur{udl8snun'unr:firiaudrrutolrymrl:vrutEeav4u'u rlru 1 u n r: o q inrivr in sr n r vr sil.r

srr:Nil t4 nr

Source ofVa,riatioo Sum of

Squa^res

DF Mean F

Square

sie

ofF

deurkudn (trlain eece)

-:cdilnr:flnur

-corunncnN{isou

-nrrldiurJr:mroA e q I-n?u[m02Rilnrto{tfiu

ninum:moilr

-6rururur?nluni:t3ou

-:rsldeisrdsu

-:susnn t do rdolurloqdu (cova.r)

-orfl (covar)

1.98 p.26*

8.12 ,0058*

1.06 305

1.10 335

0J6 572

091 .402

1.91 .l5l

532 .O22*

036 .549

1968.12

tr/l.0s

n37

r81.48

,2.43

t5120

3t524

43954

D,82

t2 164.01

I 671.05

| 9737

2 90.74

2 462r

2 75.60

2 157.62

t 43954

| 29.82

Ecplahed

Residual

Total

&s231

2:2819.75

29n2.06

tIt34

82.68

s.97

53

276

329

rcssnatdorf, oolilufiorodu

Renr Regressioa Cooffi sienl

,123

-.053

*fi riudrfirurnrafindrrdu o.os

aaJ**riuorllfi6unl{donnr&ail 0.01 Copyright by Mahidol University

rsfiililr "dd? nantrf,nut ttar nt:im:tvf{oqa I zo

0lRnlrern:rsrf,$rrtunu{ (Multiple Classification Analysis : MCA) tdodnurnrrru

firurfi'uf,:rmdr.rnrirutiourordanil:6flrsusinssi?fi'ud'rurJ:nrJ nrirrdo fl06'udfiflnsion1:fi

cirudaurorrrerJwrurdufirulunr:sq:hdvrinurntflsfl{ to.rnriru6'rotir'rddnurfirirrsds

:eru (Grand Mean) nirf,u t4.46 narcrtrurroaqrlnnnr:itn:rvfnr:,ilrttunnq rvm'irtfratt:J:

6e:sunvdaur.horulddsd 1t'tt'tod rsl

narrudrfrud:smdrr:vd'u n r:fi ns rfrrL n r:fi rirudarulunr:oqindvrinurn:s1sfl {

nuir rdohiiinr:nauqrudauil:lnlnriudaotjrsdfinr:dnur:vdu:J:snildnsrfiriaudarulu

nr:oqindvr$nurnrnuilrrurnndrnrjudl*ldyuo'r:dnsr dofinr:nauqru6au:J:o'a:,ouu1

6o enruntrnrsdrnru nr:'ldiudrrar:rdsrn--unr:oqfndvritro.,oruluilo narrufrdurfrunr:

orlfndvriuulorrlu;lo ,Erurucrurfinluniarfou :rs'16' uncsYett:J:fru 6o :vsvtrnrdorduog

lufr'ssfi u orq um'r nnf,snqfl urdurfi ru ffi ofi or:u rfi gnxnarrudrufrud nua'r fi fi snr.:nlru

drufiuflurfi.rlen riudd*rlunrudrr{uf,:vildrq:sdunr:dnurfiunr:fidaudrruuo{ts'l?

r.lrvru.rdurirulunrroqindnfuurn:rruil.roqjlu:vdupir (rTruao'rluc,r:rsd ts rir Betn =

0.14)

olRurJU dlass nrrirn:rs r{ nudr druil:da:snfonut 6o :vdunr:dnsr aaru nrfl

mxfiinru nr:ldiudraar:rduarTunr:oqinfvrfnu'l0r"luilu nerruflunrroqfnduinurn:

yrsil.r druruarurfinluniarfou :rs1d mrur:no?urunr:fruuilrtordrurl:srrruunvdaurj:fru

drilldgo uns 6.7 (Multiple R Squared = 0.062) unc dtflilil:vfivr dan f,ifrufr8.rnq:vn'irt dr

urlrda:vunsdattil:crrilrrir f,u 0.259 (Multiple R : 0.259)

nrirrlnuaqrJ uudr nrjrudrodr.rfifi:vdunr:finur1u:vduilrvnildnsrovfiriru

darulu nrroqfndvriuo,or"',oilou',n n'lrnriudhi'16'iu nrrdnu r


rioofi nin urdu !u tin stdu!?l'na an.u. (nnlulti0ntru:-urrf,lurodsl) nt

".,r.,ud rs nrrimlcfnr:6uunnqmrilrffudfifiacisnrsfidrudrlmsstrrlrrutdurirulunr:oqindninurorvtuilu

(Grard Mean = 14.a6)

Vada,bles + Cotegory Unadjuded

Dov'n Ela

Adjusted

Independents

+ Covariates

Dev'n Beta

'[rildiunr:dnur

ilrsouf,nut

6mdril:rouflnur

rl€nuRrflTr{tY{nn

hiiaorunnr

ficorunnr

'ld'Sudradrrrcdudr

'ldiudrarn::cduilrunan

n r:ldiudrear:lunrrsr{indnftrornrrruill

160

t70

0

-1,47

t38

0

0.19

-2.13

303

n

0.68

o.2r

-138

0.82

0.28

-130

0.15

0.01

0.08

-r32

t.25

0

0.03

{30

0.66

o.t7

-t.n

0.14

o.t7

-0.50

-rJ8

o.t2

052

0.96

036

-131

0.01

0.08

0.08

t08

t47

'ldiurimeir*duqt 7s

ne rrlfl untroqindnifi om:vuill

fio:rr{:vdueir

finruf,r;duiltunan

fioruf,r;duqt

6ruaurrurfrnlunirrSou

fi6ruruaur?ntir

fi,iru:uaur?nrlrunarl

i'f,ruaualr?nql

rrs'ld

:rulddr

rro'ldrhunarq

rru'ldqr

0.08

63

187

80

0.03

43

l8s

102

93

132

105

-rJ0

0.13

0.48

0.08

t.02

0J6

-1.61

0.10

Multiple R Squa,rd

MultipleR

0.067

0.259


reirun: Xdl nanr:f,Rur ua; nr:irn:ut{r?oqn I zz

+.t.t iltgulqilarrn uas{orduouus lunffi qilainsmffl urnimsil.tu?nateira

flnnrfi

ornnlrdRsr ilqur qrJarrnlunrrquninurilinsrn:rroflo oloolrmurarurloryn

0rnuililfiiJnruol:go qo ldaqrJrflurJ:vrduflqnrqrJa::ndrfinduodrqtsiufiErluuinmeimq o- Jilct9r1u9{il

4.r.7 .t fl tynrrJiurnr f,fl idlnoas luodsrdrafl srqrfi fi narruqoruaruq:afrfl uo tjr.r

rurn rflud:arurorfiu{drrdrirururufiq uasrfluuuriril:ynouorfrnddrrTryc,o{ryrail:vil{du

firu d.rarurroffuf,qdrir'ldrflu,firuruilrn nciluiloqriurnrJrsilqdufirudrdr:J:vaufltgrnr

tfluodrsrrndutdoturornrJ?ilrarfisrilirnruo dorJiilmrfis'idrdnnaufinornarrnelmn'nao'r

il:vnr:dasn'u ilrsnuttto tduoo'tnnrrr{rilrsru.rdrurntfiuna: (overfistr;ng) louoeuEu o?u

nrnosfrnnoutc?rilrffuf,nirirluuirmu{sr 3,000 luox o'rRs'rsil.r d.rosfinral#dsrddrd'rrurel

rf,nuavluqiloufrulrJirour?n1o'un?r d.rosfiararirhi'vrYnurnrrJ:vru.rgnfiu'hJrflu'ilruaurrn

tuavhiarrurrnundfiu{rfiru,[ruau our{r1#yfiounsiliurarq,o.:dndrirannnrurnluflolriu

rj:vnr:daot rJ?urarfindrirunuordo{ru'r01RR15r4rrj:sru,rdfisri6 rdu nffil#:crfioffudsrfiil

nr:oonfruilnrluqqer.rld drnrrn:srird.rnriraovfiflnr{rnrufiufAerdrirodr{rEr.nrr{ tf.tAr{

,i'tru'tr,f,ounsrurnlmqjununvrflunr:rhnrunnri.rnrrrfiu{firr{rirtsAoulfirfiqnarilrflufiru

ld drfi arnlfijsmardodriraonqrnsrfi nnrurdoulvr:ruld

4.r.7 .2 fl qurdudillfl urnunoraouur o',rduruImrrurordhtr'rsrau duoo',oq oqo

qnrfiorirriordutfl.rqnrrirmfstfionrlilrrrdsof,riri'r lufloqriueo',ndudrutdlrrrsrnulu

uiraordrrflnnrfilutwrdrmotfior unsdrnosyndsldfidudanmrflu,fru?uru1R o'urueorrur

ornnriruuruquunssr?firuur.rrieuqnqnufoufianrodudilrrrsraurrfoqnrfluriordnfr'o

qnrdrflu,firu?uil'rRunvurdeuduriords{ila'rdoluo',rdo.r{.rqnrdrdaulmqihifinr:e$r,rr o u 3 < < oorrai o r J st

riodrtindrtds o.rrirtr{iirirrf,sorndo16urftdruauiltRruu'tua.rqidraflererrfiuns iJrrrsraulu

uiraarlndrds{ d.rovfinnr{rlfidl,tyrsraulur?narrfufinrrrurdoruln:ruunsnn,f,ruaunrrurn

uonornrfuftrislfrfienran:vvrudruduouur'r do rjiilrarfindtilfi'llurunon{ nrnyilrryrs

rnutfluuuriuurrfru{uavorlurnfin{tiriuriourarsyfin rdo{JrryrsraufinururdoruIn:uosfr

ruatfvrflnsrn:doirirunsrsuuu^raf, luuiraonfuqnrirnru'hlfi as


riodoinsrdu urtirsrdsrhna rn.l. (rnnlulainr:u5urrfiu:af,o!) iz3

4.1.7.3 flqnrvriuulnrr'rufileriinrrrurdorulvrrilunsflnilsndutfiotrurtrntirtflutav

ro{rAsdilfios01Rlrt{1uqnd1ilnrril luf,oqriududu?taorroueiraflne'rfildfil:.r'rruqn

d.r?rnsrililrsrnileil.rdlrfiodurfludruruurndtlltru'rurmrirdldfint:dnnourJ6ourirrflsuav

zuoqflsarludraitnnrfi d.rosfinrnrirl#rirzrsrauitaatrrsurntfionr:tilrtflo uuoolodf,ofiruo

rduuns,rusdgnrlAouaonilrornl:q{ruuncur{druornttmritqrurulndrdutu?teumsula ilil

flseuas{o{trdurJciluluuimorsrumrndqdrl#tfinilqmrtuvrynnlouondrtluu?natrlCIll'lo

rflunrnirarsfisfisnrild{q{lilu?nilmgm'ro unvriolfrfiernerruenil:nuururtutduuTm:ru

u?raaryruurErnld uonornanrnflqndnrirahJ{r.rdu lufloqriudud"lon'trru.:eiraflstorfi

rirfrsilrsalflqmrrdornrrqnqnr{r'hJagr.rf,rrioa$rtuitaotsrsmrorrdoa$tqrflufrudrfliofi

ogjorfr ud'r6odrrfl unrnirnroqu'rTorfd{n{'ttltto{uluuroluuirautiu

4.1.7.4 {orauouuylunrrquainsriliilurn:vrsiltu?taateirrfl norfi rrarJ:sruqdu

rhurieuluqjdsroruuufrrunrsnfdornr:h{urt:rsnr:t{rruroutu lrfod.rrairulfnarruflu

nrroqindvrinurnrsrsilu,,uro'rrd,ro.rhfr{rl0fi'rrJ:slsryrirravnerudrriqsJo{nrrfiriaud?u

crormailrvrurdurirulunrrorlindvrivrurnryrsilq rf,is1firfionurur{rlodgndo.r rarufrtnr:a , dl g -- @ 4

olt'littlsR'ttttigiluaU.ltilYllng?{o{ [11:'lvtl{tis'l?

rJrsru.rduriruriaulnqjdfr.r'hirc1rlolurJrylsminfonrrrudrdtgtosnrrficiaudarulunr:vlv;4tj

oqrRUilrilu'rRrurun{r uas0'rRquflrrnruoirCIlRriaulmqirrarJ:vu.rdu#ruhildiunr:dnur

6.rrir1#trnnarrurcirlolursnar:uiociraar:cJo.m'nt1$fi1i ufo:rsnstdunlufion::runr:fi

rirudurcir.lf ftrfu mrstrrnr:dtnerrilrairulu,fuonuon,:l#nr:dnsrnfoffsr

o'rruurud,nursuri:sdunr:flnsrzuo.ryrril:vilqdurlrudas rds}israrj:vru.rdufrurfin

nerufldndr'ldrfluriaunuiqildrc,o{fionr:unr:firirudarulunrroqindvrilr,,'tot"',ufl0 ttnv

rfi orna rrufdnnaquauhilfifrdururriraru uio rishi'rfi q na ril tdo il Tfl ril tt diliil srn: sr sil{ lu9.dd

ltultfloil9ru

t.Z ruanrt6inurtfisqomtnlsrsnu#ru nrsafttturotvdn GnOeptlr-Intervtew)

1 u n rrfi ns rr8tqnr nrulurfo.: nr:fi rirur'aruzuornarJ:silsdurirulunr:oqfnd

vrilrurn:51ufu nrddnur : eiraflsrnrfi frwrier ilnnrfi lffif;nr:f,unrsofituutorvdnornfrdf

rloryaludo.rdurfluetitd G"v Informant) druau 22 i1ttlsr0finr:dnurlurJ:srdusir{r d'sd

do f, olu Rrnlrnfiq nru roru gfi ouimil drefl sr er rfi fl rg n rd rd ue rio.rf,uyr fln srn : n silt u?teru


rodmr trd? elaRr:f,nur uac ntrimrtvri{oqa r za

eillflnflrfi uas nrfiri?ud?ilfl0{srarJ:vu.rdutirulunr:orlindvrintlrntrlsfl{ uimatdraq .lsA a -J119t 9t]il OiuJS'lgAVlO gOn{U

4.2.1 d$runlililNf,ltnil tdtugfi ou?raordreilnorfi

finuar snfariousreilrsrurdufiru riauluqjnvo {:arufiuiidnuolvtfl ilntounia

ruru fiqer:druauun riudomaurdaarru f,nuorvuEjfirurialhlovn:vqno{uiraurdfittYu

"1uilonrru Glustered sefflement) trocriou 1 aon?1ilfiururjurdo'louvluiluuuntrJ rruJrvrur

durlrudaulnqjoviinerruerrurrolunr:eiru rfiou unvrSnnrurlnulddr firfis{riaufiosrrirriu

dal*rrru eiru riiuu uayqaRrullyrsld mrrsriauluqjrrad:vu.rdurhuluuinoreirafl nqrfi

oylfinrusrilufi?nrJrsdriu nrslun{firudr4rnr:rfiurloqailssvrn:.ieuh'rqirl:vnouorfin

:hvrusdu#rurflurnfrn fiorfin:o.r ldurir{rur r{rarurusu$rt arurfinlunirrioutsdasdrtru

,io,6u,ru'runuu'r{r?n1 dau{uq',roshioo nriouciovdaudr{rudrudu rdu 6'Erusndnidl

drurirsdnirir siolrofo{fiosru tfl udu

rfsdlfl unr:rirrJryil{dufirutirulrnqjrfl urfonouns uns tfomtssre {urqtfo urr

il:suror 6-10 runr rfluriodl#lnfs.rgudilrsil1ru 4-6 rirdrrtrtfir ucififiriour{aaudhifi

rnfo.rsud rnfo.rfiolunrnirrJrsurdurlrudfisrul#rurndqor ldrrri oaunouvfioeirrl rdu

oeunouflr'iidnuorsrfluuruolrldu rdsoaur4rdasnluaou finarrusmrltsillat l0Glso tlJett

uuoolodduiiorunosrln'r unuo?ilnoorJ looorunourJndfinr*r,flud.rdulunou ttnvdrs

luaou ilu1an?rusranirfiusaunoo{r usirfluoau#utdsa riauoruaou{drorniaqetir.rrdtlr

flu lsiiidnsorsrfluoauasuufirdu orunoswrfluduûillftnndqnluuiraoteiraflnorfi uon

o'rodrufuqfisrJrsrusdlfluu?nareirailnqrfi lduri oauquwrndn fidnurusrfluqt unvdu

qu 2 du rirornhlldr$ior{rlfrJrnoaun{noon o?uquc,ursrtf,nriaulmqiovfiurul#u?raarnqi

firugavfiua uuoolod,uflorfiorJ:su.rdiinrrld lduri oauarnnrudrt fidnsilsrfluo?ualR

zuurodn finrudrwrfsdstir.rrjrnsau n{rr:Jrsillal z-4 ,uruoduussufiodciaulnqjl#lu

ilirail nEirhuurtrJnliluo ,uoolodfiorr1#rndo.rfiorJ:srutfrlryuu rflurnfo.rfior4rnr:

ilrsrutu?nopirdu fifrnuarsdrsnoudauitn z flrs ?irornlfildryndnf,ufidnunrvndru{d ura

fiuny s-ro runr rlurilnsiofiu rndo.rfiosfiedluilnqriufinr:1#rlsun{il1R rrJotornil?urnr

AoirirdHnfloo usnorndrndo.rfiorlrr*rudurirudfinrflEluu?nnrdrrflsrnrfi6n ldrrri rrisr

fis uaguinnurdlufl oqriufi nr:1#ulofiufiosrn:rvil?uratfisrititnfiuu ttnrtdotwqnr4rnrs

1drirs Copyright by Mahidol University

riorfr-oin s tdu ! r rin srdoufi on rn.u. (rnn'lu'lainrru?rrrdlilandol) zs

dnlr{rf,rugfinrsrurail:cil{dud1u ciautnqirrarj:cu{duryril0ufi glusuln0u

ttnsiinrasmdfiugotduoornilirurufindrirdfutAunnr uxiurmrJrsu.rdudruf,ufioifihi

ldraer usidurlunioritlf,tirslunrrosnhJf,ufrnfiiln"udu rniu rirrirrTurdsurfi.r rirrirq.rinur

rr,do.rsud rfludu daulnqirrarJ:srtdurhufirturluhirfi0.rflsftdo.rfldurtuquuoRryulJ

tfiulotnanrriunr:riuri.rtonruunvigurnhildriasrua^sufouflflqnrdrfiorirn'uulfi*d d..r

riuvrarJ:vrutdurhuo'.rnno{lunms,ir0ouTnudorfl6urtuornriodrurorlurirurnrqudo

rnfs.rsud qrJntairlrvrut navrirrirrlurdorvrfi.r ,,uadualul:nvrsfinirirdffururld6osr?rtu

hJ'fr:sr'rdrrsirdo{orniliurnrficrddllufloqriufru'ldasrnrrurn 6.rr[r1#rrrrJ:sr.rdufiru'hi

erur:nmrttuhJfrrvud s's rioh?tfi nilrgn'ro'rrrndfi uuayn?lu u'ro or,fiuu'ro niu uavdu

tuao t o r n r?o,fi r fiqm { o rfi n rJ r s u.r du fir u 6o n r: ri r d : y ru o du tllu dr o 1i fiu a n r u o r n r mrio q q

nrn ludatqqurqtovhierrur:noonrfordoffufinirirtmo*,trfludr.:rearei.rnrirrc,rnrru'ld

r4rlrtdo.rrirriuqudfifiuolRu1r,quuln{qu rdeffuf,c'd#rlddorrirf,nirirurrrulfururlulu

:rnrdsirndrnn'ro dtflnlfrsuuuudndrirm.rrrarJ:yru.rduriruqnroriorornl?su uuoolod

uda rJirurorfindrirluiloqriunorlouat tduoo',oor:drd:sruufiururqunsrrnnr:qnqnduu'

r{lJrsru'rlurusr 3,000 msr: CI'rRo?uEu o?ila1n rf.rarahi'vrr-ilorn:il:yil{nea{ nunduu

Ivr:rururn6.rdu

+.z.zilqn'rdrduar?o{rTumiuurn:nsilsu?reareirafl nnrfi

anrnfl qmrlufl qriudrd ua{or fiurf,irurn:sruil'ruiranr eirafl crnrfi drfi odu

ldr{rnr:firunrunluuutorsiinunsrau:uaqrJrJ:rrduiltgnrvorminsrn:uruil.rsonrflu

vt iu s r n : da s fru do il iil s r n r {J r n u rn u n r-fl ur n : il : s rJ { [ rn s n in srn : rr s il rel

4.2.2.tilqnrdrd ua{o.r fiuyrilr 0rn ril rryr srn u

dudil'muauluuiraar drrfl oerfi nruuoqudud drmoruoo{ uns drrno us

nio ueicfrultqidlrrrurnudqnruaruqrafovo$drirrnouvuir drurrsrrordrrnorfio'rfidhyrs

rnurrfioo{rloa lufloqriuanrnilrrrsrauluu?ratudrrflnsrrfiiiduduruouasmrdeuiianru

rdoulmrlduduorloloor:r;nqnu?r'hJ1#rJrsTunilugiluuueir.rlludud{hur0rau rdu nr:

qoqodrdilrrru,uudolnrfluriordor{.rqarrflr nr:qnqnrfioair,,rfirrioagr.rniodogjorfiu

nr:o'ohltu{lrrrumurdodurmrdru rfluanryrflqurdrirfr.rrfiordutududthyrurauuiraar

9^vfl?0u

3

. ot dq ot - .{ oa l - J I o ta 4 d Ieiraflnflrfiluiloqriu fr.rflqurfirfiniiurislfirfiornnrflunrruru1ilrRilru nsiirunnrsnusiorvuuCopyright by Mahidol University

rsailflr vf,t nanrtf,nur uas ntrinnrrfi?oxa llo

fitaadunsanlrln?odoilunuqornmfieouo{il:ssrruludraflsrorfiilarsilrsrdudasfiu noo

o'ttddudfivrumuqnrirnruosfrnal#ervnoudnnvcilrilrrYurirrirdlunarqieiraflororrfirurrflu

nuqr{u?tamhnniraldr$adu ovfinnrirlfrirafloqrfifianrndurfiuluflrqriu uuoolod o',,

rirars{hsrsrauufonuuruonuodud{J'r"rr,,nu oyfiarnrirhi'vriu0rn:fisr{dr iliilurn:

rj:su{nsil.tmstnaontnld ornnr:ao:.rorrunudr u?rau{hsrsraulueiraflsrnrfifinr:fludsr{

ti dfirilrloto:ugfiourorfrooqi 16'uri rJnrnryuoR rJnrnryu'r ilnruenffumf rJnrnvf,,r {s

un1as fltqardr uavtJnvm rfludu ueilufloqriuuiraareirrflosrriifrufinddldrnrira'ldnsrnr

u'to ,duoo'tndhvrsmutfluunri.rds1ior#uravu'ro'r:41r :rru6urmriroqurnrorfioriti.tiu,iuu

drnrira dotJrrrsmuqnrhnruosiinrnilrl#f,ndrird.rnrirrrrsrdunueiouuasrrnumri{01fi1t

dqruauqrottrJ olfirJiurnrdnfiiraonrdranrnflrgmrdrJmRq ilBno1oûorrnudnrirarur

tuda nr:nouonuodudilrrrsrnuosfiaranrsnrdonaurfluo$rornuluqruru do nranaosnld

mfenrrl#rJ:slusriludrudulrordhmorauosqtgrduilil rriu nr:f,ufisddrluu?raar{hurs

tnururu?Innlunierfou nrrlfaosklnrndhrrgrnu nilfiunanrfinorndhilrlru rfludu rrn

anrnfl tgurdldnrhahJfi r.rdu rfl uanrufl qurro.rt'Jrsrsruud,ilfro,fioduluiloqriuunsura

rJ:vrurdufruluu?ranudraflonrfirirf,rrnrfiqf,uflqmrnrrirdoqi uria'rvr1{Er:trR'rmryfinr:ri.r

rairulffinrrdu{unvrlEnilrvrntrnuc,Juluur.rdud rriu rlrunlrnruur efirualrur d.rrfluilrd

rJqnToronrirutnirlruuasturaruluuqjrhu ueilufl oq:iuduhtdrirrurrJqnldorruliluxdru

rutosornhiiinufiorcrrilernr,rdrnr:rJqnunshifinr:rlqnliirur6ru ddu6onuooflqnriirfiorduii

rdsarlo.rfru{hmstnu do rronr:frqtinurr,rio6norrurunnrumd.rnrrilqnilrrrsraurflîlrsr'rl

4.2.2.2il q m rd rd ua {o r fru vr :-n u r n : il : y ru.r

drefl nfl rfiduroff dlndor, (Esuary) dsfi narudrrirguri.rmds{oril:yrilsnlrs

luodndrailcrqrfitfluuuri.rrirdfinaruqouarur;:afriourh.rq.r rruioril€surfisufiudrrdufifi

finuarvndrsf,uto.reimlvru usiGudraflnorfirflueimdaruuninuranrurrrrurrsr' rf,u{dor{

,i', ,,urq*olnruutill{udr.rarurg:aldqnuri'rnd.r dru,nqddreflsrnrfi$',rrfluunrirorur:uny

orfindrflurrsldildnl#fiurrarJrsru'rdufirudorfisoqju?rau:oleirr unc0lRdRlnn?lu

arur;:aito.tminurnnJrsu.rlududeirrflsrnrfi rflufi.rgrlohi'iin'rlclrurl#rJ:slsrrfnrn

nsnsrn:il:vurlunarsgiluuuunrmnrunrirudaofi'u d.rnr:ldrhvTumfursgrJuuurioldrfisr

runn:svruorirrquurroiovrinsrn:ilrslo tfolurdurtorryfinunyrlirurarrarfifliddnnn{ lufloqriuanrumtiltyurmfflsrnrdrcu.rlueirrflflorfiduiuldfoluflotrriu do n?1ilqeuCopyright by Mahidol University

riorcl'nin sds uil rinud'ou fi oa an.r. (nnlulainruiurrdtilrndsr) m

duqtafto.tdoddtnnat rrailrvru.rdurlru6'uf,srdlirnld'nnn.rrurn ur.rda{d{rYufruhild'rns d.r

flqurdrrirgdtiulfiifitnnntsilild{ndm 6o flqnrriooauEu o?ualnrclruf,udodrirlrrzu,

3,000 llletto'toilo o,oolrfrilnrsofituurorsf;ndrlfivrrrudrflqnrrnrirdrfir,dururrJ:rtm, rs

fluda unrldri{ruan:snuodrquu:radsnr:il:snouorfin unyfiinnarurfluogivo.rsrril:cil.1

durhulu:susnnt s fldrirurur tuaornrnniusrn:fioiriraorlounqurn Toursilryrfooruqu

turolmqiovr{rnrsdrwvuufiraarfrrsil.rodr.rdurfi.r uuoo'rod,iuo?uEuo?un'rR0vnrRro'r

rndo'rfioto.rrrerJ:sutduflru dtdauhaqjrfluoaunoufl.r oaunou{ rmil$orf;sfirs'hJfiesr

d.rflqurrfoo?ttEuo?uarnriurfluarrrqdrrTqdrirl#vriuurnril:vusu?raareiraflsrorfirdoru

Inrrunt d.rlunrrfronr:ilrcu{fudrrflunr:ldvrinurnrodr{rrnil:sfiyr?nrr nr:1uo?uqu

oeunrnosffudndrftf*rwrntdnunsc,urelnqi uvrudosrJfroslrtfinirirdf,.rrdulnhildrurelJoaelnrdilurorqlnu In'tuoRtsusndo dootrflunmrfiuclurorunvryarir unvldiuflnqouu?tudq,rndr

ndlrirrurlfirdsilinsrn:findririicrurnrfin illRtrsnoRl:fful{l#qnf,sririlrilrirdfiulndurur

ouo'tturnuona: flni#r$ir.trosfiIsnraruururffu{1#qnf,oirirvrsrunudn{rirrurnluqjdqn

f,uhJ vrivrsrnrilrsrurfi oshirdsrulvr:ru0 dr,rdrfl uo gjluil o qriu

4.2.2.3 fl rg r,t rfi rd ua {o r fi'u vr fn s't n r rr r, fi 't el

fl qrnrlufl tqfudrfierduf,rrniusrn:msmrnuiraordrafl qqrfi drfiorraruo

uavttiuuiufo lduri flrgilrrfouJirurnruusdonrYr{uiraoruruilrnunvilrgurrirvryrndrfiprnr:

rilrrd0diliooornurfltunsornlxrruqfldl?rnr:rud.rosiinalfirrorrnrfinnarruenil:or$iudu

luriauto.rrJirurutusuitratrruurnriauhnqirflursydrfiErorRqilsuuasrflunadurdo.rorn

ntrc,ronrrfronrrrirf,orusdrrurvauluqruuuuinardmflnnrii uuoolodf,ofiflqurdrfiorlrn

o'ttqnd'tdudrdrhJluu?teuyrsmrnrdoa$rfi.rrioa$r{ rdu grudr enruil:snounr: ifio.r

otnluu?taatdudf,nsrrirund.rrfludd.nuo mrsrnylffsnvftJ$ firfluaurrdriuorduail:yrnvl

s'rsrdra{o{f,.ruf,n ueilufloqriufiorrqndldudruiorchlililrsnoufionrrdrnrirr d.rdorflunr:

r{rnrsanrnr:ruurdd{a{lilr,oirs'rrffireunvrflunr:r{rnrugfirTarivo.rrruilrnluuirrorriu

unvfittfinrunRtuyruerluilr 6o fi rjiuru,ror,$irudururnluu?nufl orf louasclrnnffi drflorgyd

tuxrsaur4tl#uiranr.trluilrniiq,syilvrluogj,$ruauilrn dq?irhflfi{rurrio.rrdsafi{uirailm0il1e

non{ uon0rndrrrrirulududurqGiauld'rjdosf,sr{rdu.rrcirilrluu?marsrsrro uiu uny uRe

iad.rr[rlfrfi on'lrruanrf rnuavrurnrTfl fi snrild.:er.rru{o.:srsilretil


roa'rnr 1di Hanrrflnur uav nr:im:rrf{oqn lze

4.2.3 nufi .faudauc,o'rvrarjrvu{dufru lu nrroqindnivrurnrrtsil{t r n n u frru n ls 0rr r u u r o r v d n o r n fl ri r o.: rin : fi o.r fi u u n v r fr r u drd d r d u r oio.r fiu n r :

orlindvrivrsrn:rrsil.t vrudr luflsqriunerJ:vrurdurhudoonrurdaufirnr:ulunr:oqind

rifl srnrrrsil.rfi rlos,fiuooloorrvfl qnlforndfiu,,urns'lddnnN,duoo1nnrrffufisrddr

'ldnsra.rrirlddo.roo nhlil:snousrfinrdun'rduon:ounirrfl uriaulmqi uav rdorirrQurururr:vr'luifiudrfludurlulunrrilrsnousrfin drfinnrgnvlenrafioudosoonurjarufion::ru

oi r.r 1 dvr rs igu r n m f s o t rfn r o'ndu

fi onr:unrrfiriaudarulu nr:orlindnf,u srn:nuil.rdrrarJryru.rdufruriaulu{rJfr'rifirTnrflunrriicfaudaulugrJuuuro.rnr:rlfirifin$ooong:r ucilu:yeTuilornr:fidrudrru

lunrroonnarrufiortfu ilforuaulsursf,{firfluriaufiss riod,duoo,orrarjcsu{dufiruriau

lmqiiinrrdnurrlss l'.rr{rh{iic?o,ilrf,nlunrreiru rfisu uas'lrirTulolunr:uanrnrufiouiu

flo.lsluto{ 6.rr{rhfliiriaurlosdrs?rderfionrrudfinrr:vnrunarrufiqmfoar{uurul0uru reiu

nr:daruttaomarudotttiulunrrrlrvqru mfo nr:ilrvqruluamvc{r.:1 unvrdorornyrrilrsru.r

ff,ufruriaulnqildldiunffidnsrmiofinr:dnsrrvsTuil:rnu uareiru,rjernrurlvrslddo0 d.t

rfl u q rJarrnnt*rhfl1*itr?rdarulu fi on:: u n r:iidr u dail sir{tdilrt nrn r: i'ordu mforfl u lio

'frfisrlunarrut{rlo tonar:nfodororr',or',rnlrdfinr:ufl{uffqrjrcyruu'!d' d,nyfinrnl#rm

rJ rc u.r du fru r{ru rii dau darurlo u

4.2.4 fl qnrqrJa:rndrfinducisnr:fi riaudrrurorrrailrruodudlulunrroqind

vriilurnryrsil.r

flqur qrlar:n drfiodusisnr:firirudarurorrrailrsu.rdufirulunr:orlind

ninsrnrrruil{ il:snrrurn 6o vrarJrsr.rdufiruunnaruf nnudrlo luTn:.rnrroirrldrd0a{o{riunuorlfnfvrinsrorsrsil{dmrrrrrnrrd.rra?ruludud rduru',or',rnrril:yaru

trursmirtnrirurrarlrvrutduflruunvtfrruflrdrornl.{r5'rsR'rrr{foudawrudrdsrq?o.r

,',ro'trd,,oudrrnursaulunsact6soravil:slsyriru.lloroorrsTqnrira d.rr{rldiirradrsru.r

duflrudaulnqihir{rlono{d:sTsrrfuasnaludrriqlunr:firiaudrulunrroqindn:-norn:

rrsik dqri.rnnlfifi nr:fi daudrrulursrTudr

rjrcnrrdaoq rrailrsu.rdurlruhifinalfissl,rodovoonruriirirudru rudo{ornslor

oonnhJrj:snouorfinrflumn-n duuJolrulo1RRrrvndfi, uavflinsrn:rj:vru.rdfiu'ldnprn.rd,r

r4r1#vrailrsru.rdudruriaulnqjdoqoonlililrvnouorfinunslfraarrfeulnqjlunrroonrio


rTorfr-nin s rds uu rinutdgrl fi nn rn.l. onnTulatn uu:'r r rdrua odou) rzs

rilaofrudslddlhilld'rurndqor tnaodrtQurur,fi:snduasffffirsldrdu{nrouni? o'.rrirh{hidlrr'rrnooRrurdarufi onrrrunr:iiriaudareixllun{ulttA

il:snr:darru tduooloduduFraor:oleirrilfl qrfi ur.rriau'ldgnn:oun:srlqsuru

4u unv{iidvrinalududdrrhurrJrvnoufionrril:vrnnoit.l rriu l:.rnuqqd.n{Rrm rjordg.r

d"rqnrdr rfl udu 14r1#rrarJ:vru.rduriruhiarrur:nnlrnlrjiarufi on::runr:fi riaudaulunr:r{silurduduavorlindvriilnnrnuil.rluuiramrfuld uuoo'rodfionr:lugrJuuurir.rlr4rl#

rfi n fl nrfl 0siovrinsrnrrruDl.rrirl#rfi qnarrurdoulvr rudud od, u

q.z.silarctuottussionr:fidaudailc,oqryrril:vrJ{dufirulunr:orlf,ndvrivrurRis.u,

ilo

il:vnrrttrn noo yt1\15'runrt?rfoo.rrin:ri'olfiunarfinurhvarunrrruirrufiof,ulu

nr:f,eln:tnr:eirt 1 lunr:oqindninsrn:s'tuil,r1ufflud uavrfiorflunurfffluruasrfsra?il

hi'rr:rJ:sr{duftuldfideudarulufion::runr:firiaudailsir{tu.rod, raru6riinrrfrsrnr:o

u:rurdo:JqniltlfivtrrJ:tuodufilutfiunarudrd'ryro.rvrinu'rnrr'rufl{,rnvrfignrrrufnmar

un u 1 umiu urn rsr sil.rl ududn uo ruil :s n rr iiao t noo rta ilttuodu fr u n r :h{nuru da rufi o riuvr r.r rfirm rhfi r o,rign $o

nriau'rrundrdtlaqlot:rruhfn'.ro{e{nrri'o{fiulunrriarufion:runr:ficiaudadld;"drtudrd

d.r o vrfi n na d 6o il f,il urnrrrsll.r ldiuRlrqna fns rua vdu dlrfi'o 1glu an rudaru q rair ra vrfi sr

rj:rlsrrfsionrrilrvnouorflntorsrarj:su{dudrulu:suvma'ru1?u1u uncrdshilfien?.rru

rrTrlodud lunrrdatruoordooqindvriflsrn:r'ruilrludauqro.rrrarJ:cilrdufiu ypirlynr:rua sil ria sr ru o.rrfnrrloqdudrd ua,?ss

rJ:cnrrdaril 6o rr{:rrnrrnr:iirurnrnr:dr{ru.ranunvr6nuo lunrrf,ornr:riu{dn:sdtfiq ufsfirirulunrrdrnrsnf,uurn:rrsilr rdorflunninumiusrn:msil{liul{1#finflruqouaruq:af uuoulodorriinr:iluftEiraarrrdsrrlu{n:vr4rfinlunrltirnrsniusrn:

nr,,iloolo"larJrsru.rdufrudrs rdorflunurflnlonralfrrrarhvu.rdur?ruldiiriaulunu q

tta inurmfr{urn:vruilllududtuoturdoriorlrslsrdunyinsrnlflu:susmarorrrruntqo


nn:Jflr Tflt rqilnnnrriiu ofi rJrrum uacr?olduouilc/ 80

Uilfi 5

atrrJaranr:i6'c, o fi rhrsrua mv{onuorruv

nr: dns rtf s.r n r:fi rir udarur or rra rJ rvru.r durlrulu n rrs rlindvrin orn :yrsil,r

n:fiflnsr : cireflnsrrii f,tnioritflnrfi iiierqrJruarrirdodnurnl.r :sdunr:firiaudrruuo{s1?

rJrsru{dilflrulunrroqindmiuurn:r',silt ,,urnarrudrurfud:sma'r.rdaurlrdarscirr lrTunr:

firirudaru :ailn's flrgmr qrJa::ndrdsa{orf,unrrfiriaudarursrrrril:vr.rdudrulunr:

oqinfninslnr"luilo rfisdrnnnrrf,nurdldrurrfluuuaflrslunr:aruraru ufo nr:f,onurfio

frruurnr:oqindvrinsrnrrrsilr u?raueiraflnflrfi ilnsrfroldyrnud.r:sdunufiriaudaruro.r

vrrrJ:vru.rdur?rulunrroqindvrivrurornroflo uasrdsrfluuuamrrlunrlrfinlrflqnr

r iil sr n : rr sil.rdrdsrlnruld

lunr:rf, lfiunrrifiurfrrdr:aoInsl#uuudunrsof rJ:ynoulrJfi ro doqnrieuqnnn

narruf nr:ldiudraarr rsdunr:firiaudaru flqnrqrla::n uay{oreuouuslunr:oqind

rinurnrursil{ Ioudrnr:dnsrnrnnrjurTeotir.rvrtJ:rru.rdurlru,ilruau 330 :'ru dorf,ulu

riranrdrrflflnrfi ttavuuufiilnrsatuuurorsdn rJrvnsuhJfiauo?oryadrduariu enrilrr{d{flil

rc:ugfintosrrarJ:srusduriruliraardrrilsrnrfi fliyurdrdoarlorfluyrivrurnrrruiku?mar

eiraflnnrfi nrrfiriaudauuosyrrilrsu.rdudrulunr:orlf,ndvrr-usrn:yrsilw?raueira

flflorfi lprsdrnrrf,l,nrsduuurorvdnornfrriro.re{n:frorn'uunsr$rurlrdzuorrilas:',"0'rrd

rdsado.r {oryadldornuuuf,rlnrsafiirurirn:rsr{dasrnds.rnoilfilnoflsrul#}J:un:udrr$o

grldrmiutruifiuilrrfiinusrasrf ldrirafifi 6e or'nrd (Frequenc, rirdsrnriau$osnv

(Percentage) rirtndums,ntfro (Mesn) riaurds.rtuuutsrtglu (Standard Deviation) nr:?tn:rs#

nrrfiuuilr (Analysis of Variance : ANOVA) nrritnnvfnr:,f,rrtunur1 (Multiple Classification

Analysis : MCA) ldnnnrriffsft d

s.r aplnanrriffuomuuu#runrsai

s. t.t doryndrurlrssrn: uns drnru ra:u 96ororrJ:vrrn:nrirudro drl

ffi fru 1 dl fir r u u frru n r u nirfi o r fi u : a u : a u fio ry a r r n ur a il : s r.t

durlru,ilruau 330 rru riaulnqjfiorqrJrunn \ (n44fl) o^srrflu$o sav 42.4rhu1nqifi:vd'uCopyright by Mahidol University

uiorcl'ninum'suur?nsr6'0!u'na rn.l. 0nnlu1n6nrru:'ur:dunndo!) I s r

nudnurlu:srTuil:cnildnurfinrflu$oemv sr.s fi:r0ldsior6ouoqilu:sduilruna'r{ (3,435-

42ss'tt1n) rfl u drulmqj 6erfl ugo uns 40 fi :c usn ardo rf,so qiluflo.rdu r.l'tu nn n (r2-2r iJ)

rflurieuh,rqjfinrflugssnv 3g.2drulnqihiiianrunrwmxdrnru n^nrflugosay 91.8 fi,firuau

arurfrnlunf,arfouilrunnl{ (4-6nu) rfl udauhaqj d'nrfl ugouas se.r

s. t.z naruf nrrldiurirear:rd ua flu nr:oqindvrf,n0rnrr'ruil{,rn,

nr:iiriaudaucJo{yrailrvru.rdufrulu nr:oqindniil srnrrruil.r

nrirudaotir.rddou'r nudr riaulnqifi neuflu:vdrilrunn r.r

(ldnvrruu l7-18 nsuuu) fisrrflu$o uav s6.7 nr:ldiuriraar:rdseriunuoqindvrins'rR:urU

ilroqjlurvri'uilrunart (nvttuu 4-6 asuuu) fiorflu$osa v 44.6 nr:firieuiarurorsrril:srur

durlru lu n r:orlf,ndvr$n s'ro :vr uil.ro gilu :vd'u oi r (sir ndr r 0 ns uil u) fi o rfl u 9o sa v 37 .8

s: aqilruaornnrr#runrsofuuurorsdn

ornnrrdrunrsnf ituurorvdnfl riro.rrin:doro*uunrrfl rnfi rddrdua{orfruninsrn:

rrsil.rudr vrudrlufl oqtiuenmsrorvrifl srnrnsfl .rluuiraar eirafl fl orfi 6rfi narurdoulu:ru

rfisrdudurdotornnrrl#rJrslsrridTriqni6 ulonrrl#rJ:sltrrridrurnrfiuTrJludrueir.rl rriu

o'rrqoqodud{J',n'rsruurduri',0'rln'rvrdusflrqardr nr:r4rd:vruodfirefi uarnr:riroauqu

oeuarnludud g,ooo rilcrro'rRUlr,Dlu o,rqod"dud"',unlrrdoa$rsduJqna$r.r drnr:n:ydr

dtnriraoviinnnrvnuTossr:reioen'runnrurfluogjro.rrrail:vru'rduflruluuiraorrfu

floqriuurarl:vruudurlruil:vauflrgnrmiilurn:dfldri'ruruo*,'rnraruhJdrvriilsrn:rrsil{fi

rdoruIvr:ruosfiflncionrril:snousrfinunvnrrurfl uo$ :rulrJn'.rrJrsdunmudouds:smdr.r

rrarJrvutdurhuuavilrsil\ro?uqu oaunrndrrlru'rqod'rffudlunr:ilrsnouorfinr{rhi'rra

rJ:vru.rdudrufi'udsridlldnnn{fifindrlfi srarJ:su'rdufrurituluqjorfigruvornouunsfi

o',rrndA, tdsrornmiuurorduruurirlfhiaur:omr:rsldornnr:il:snouorfin'ldrfisrno

uuoolodflrg?r10rRn?urdoruIn:rurorfliflsrn:rrsih osfiflnrfls$io:vuufirasrfrrnvnaruen

Ento{fttusrfiluu?raorrfu t,arrdooornnrrfl qnrlu,fuonuo,sr"gfiounvnrrrrdfiurnl1d

rrarJ:sru.rduflrudoroonlrJrJ:snouerfiurfluradnrfiour:runldilrqur6onrounia6.rr{rh?fi

nr:firirudrrulunrroqindminsrn:sruil.rfies uayr,loRriqua Snsrrasdu{anruror

vtiilsrnr{hmutnu iliusrnrilsvrur unsnin0rR:fiu?lrerl#oqiluanrrrdrnrulrail uoRorR

1u


rofiurr 1# efl nan rrr'n-u o n'tl i r una iln sdonuouu s/ a2

dsrarJrsru.rdur?ruur{rfaufi{cJtnnarur{rlomfonuuflulnr{nr:sir{lro,riguradr:-,1,t

rJiurJq'rrfor{fl urniilsrnrrrsil.rludud 6.rhildoonurfi riaudrrllu fi o n::usir.:1 lun r:o qfndvrfir srnr ur oilr ldo dr.r rdud

s.s ruaRr:iloraouaurufigru

or nnr:dnsrff{ nrrudurVufrvndr,r gT:uilrda:veirsl ryunrrfi da udaruror 6rrJ:cil{dufrulunrroqindninsrn:s'roik *uo'rr?rerf,ouf,lJrufigruerrurrnaqrlld'dld

aruufrgru{od r nriradr "nr:firiaudarurotrrarlrruodufirrlunr:oqyndyr ilr sr n rsruil.rosfi ria u darulu Is riudr-

nanrrdnsr nudr nr:fi riaudaruzuo'rsrerJ:ru.rdurirulunr:orlindvrinorRrs.rCI

ilolududdraflcrnriiriautnqiiiriaudaulussdur{r d.rdodraosrndsrfiuauragrudgi{l{

auu6gru{od z nriradr "nr:firieudailcro{rrailrrrodrdlulunr:oqindilinurn:rruil.rluncirudfi orqrurn nvfi daudaururnndrnrjudfi orqfoo.

nn n rr dnu r n ua'r o r q trifi na r ru du rf,u f riu n u fi riau d a rur o r sr a rJ : s u -nrcu fl1 u 1 u

nrroqindvriilurnrvrsill nrirrnoo mril:vil{dufirudfiorqusrnsir{fiu nsfinr:firirudarulu

nrroqf,ndYrinsrnrmuil{hiunngir{rTuotir.rfiriudrrTtyvrr.ra66drvdu o.os drnnnrrnnaou

aruu6gru6o lddr hiasn ndsr h'u arru aErud do H

aurun^gru{od g nriradr "nrrfiriaudailclo{rrril:rru.rdudrulunr:oqind

min urnrrrufl .rlunrirudfi nr:dnurq'r ovfi rieudarun ndrnrirudfi nr:fl nu reir,,

nanrrdnsr uudr :vdunrrdnsriinrrufirufruf,fiunr:iiriaudrilc,oqrrail:ruodu

rhulunr:oqindvrinorot"ruilo nrimdo urril:sru.rdurhudii:srYunrrdnur4r ovfinr:fi

riruderulunrrorlindvrinsrotr'roil.r*frnndrnriudfirsdunrrdnurcirodr{firiodrrTrgvrr,rafifi

d:sduo.otd.rsrnnrsnnfl oildurun'grufi olddraonndorflua*uagrudof.rH


risrqr'o?n ur do tr rin urd'oufi na an.ru. GnnTula6nr:uiurrdqr:odo!) I a3

eruruogru{od 4 nriradr " nt:iidaudaruro.:yrarl:vru.rdurlrulunuorlind

mfflsrn:sruil.rlunriudorfrulurvuut?n'rulu0sfirirudarururnna'rnrjrudorduoqjlu:vrfsmalI

du"

fl anltdnut nudr :tssmardor#uo gjbifi nrrrudrurf,uffiunrrfi riaudrilro{ryr?

rJ:vru.rdurhulunmoqindriflsrn:yrsfu nrirrdo rrail:suodufi'rrdfi:ruu.ardurfruogj

ttonsir{fiu ocfinrrfiriaur'aru1unr:or4fndvriuurnrnsfuhiunnrirqf,uodr.rfiriudrrTrgvrr.r

afifidrsdu o.os dtnanrrilndoilf,ilrufigrudolddr hiaosrnfro.rriuarurufigrudOi.rtt

erurufigru{odsnriradr"nr:iidaudaruvsqrrailrru.rdurlrulunr:oqind

ilfilsrnrutoil.rlunrirudiidrurrarurfinluniarfoururnoriirirur'rrlurnndrnrirdfidruau

arurfrnlunf,erfoufios.

nanrrfrnur nudr,iruauarrfinluniarfeuhifi narrufirufiuffrunr:fi deuiaruro.r

rreilrsutdufrulunr:oqf,ndvrfirurnrnruilr nrirado rrarJ:yru.rduflrudii,ilruaueur8n

lunf,rrisuttsrnsir{flu ssiinr:firiaudrulunrrorlindvrinurn:rruil{nhiusrnsirsfiuodr,rfiris

drriqvrr'rafifid:cdu o.os d.rnan1rfladoilflurufigudolddr hiaoErndsrf,uaruuo^grudoft

eur6grufiod o nriradr nr:firfaudailcro{srail:yuqdur?rulunrrorlfnd

ilin srnrrruil.rlunrirudfi noldqrorfi daudaxrurnndrnrirudii:rsnlddr

fl n nr: dns r nudr sr slfflriii narufiru fiu df,un r: fi dru daur o.r rra rJ : s ru.r durhu

lunrroqindmiilsrnrnsih nrirado rrarlrsuodufiludfi:ruldunncirrriu oyfinr:firiru

darulunuoqindvrfirumrvru?l.rhiilnnsirqf,ustirsfiriudrrTqilrqafier^d:vdu o.os doûol,

nadoildililfi grudoldrirhiaoErndo.rrYualufi grudr#.,try

auufigru{odznriradr"nr:iirfaudailuo{srail:rru.rdur1rulunrroqind

r f,tt 0r n rrrufl .rl u nrjrudfi au'rr o'tnnrrfrrnruosfi rieudrururnndrnrirudhifi aoru nluvrl{

fitnru'

fl nnr:dns r nudr f, CIru nrlryr r.rfi.rnruhifi narufrrur{udf,un r:fi rirudeiluCI{ u'r?

rJ:vrutdurirulunr:orlfndniusrn:vrsfl{ ndranô flril:yilqduf'rudfianruRrunrrdsnru

1{


renirlur g#elrlnan rii'u ofi drrum ilasr7sffiuourls/ 84

llnYlilfi ovfrnr:fidaudarulunr:orlf,ndvrinurnrmuil{hiuflnd1{R-uodr,rfiriadrr{'ryyrNdfifi

d:vsiu o.os d.rrunnrrvrFrdoufliluor'gru6o'!ddr rriaoernd'o.rfiuarurufigrudufoH v

aruudgruflod g nciradr * nr:ihiaudauc,o{rrailrru.rdur?rulunrrorlindiliflsrnrvroil'rlunrirudfinarrufrdotnr:orlindvriflurnryrslkrrnoyiirfaudruurnndrneirud

fi nerufrfor nrroqindniilurn:srsfl {rlo0-

ruanrrdnsr nuir narrufido.rnr:oqindvrinsrn:rruDl.rhifi naruf,ur{udfiunr:firiaudarutotrrarJrst.rdufrulunrrarlindniuuror"ruilo nrirado rrarJ:vru.rduflrun*fi

nerrufrdo.rnrroqindnivru'tnrnuilodilnncitfiu osfinr:firiaudaulunr:orlindvriuurn:ureih'ldilonsir{fruodr{iiriodrdtgvrr.rao'6na:ydu o.os doûo'rryrerfloudilruFgrudolddr 1iao sr n do r rTu au 69 u d #.r H

aruru6gru{odqnriradr"nt:firiaudarurorureil:vru.rdurhulunr:or1f,nd

niilurn:rrufl.rlunrirdldiuciraarrrurnosfiriaudarrumndrnrjudld'iucimdr:#0u,,

fl n n rr dnurnudrnr:ldiudraar:hifi narrudrur{uf,n'rnrrfi riaudarurotrrailrsru,r

durlrulunuoqindvriut'torn'ruilo nriran'o rra:J:vmdurhudfinr:ldiudraar:duonsir.rriu ocfinrriiriaudulunrrorlindvriyrurn:yrsil{'!riunnsir{f,uotir.rfiriudrrirgnrrefisr'd

rvsTu o.os doûo,r*raouarrfigrudolddr'lriaoond'o.rfiuarurufigrud;i.rH

s.a 0fiil:rsruanr:io-g

ornnr:dnur tio't nr:firiaur'ailc,o{yra:J:yil{dufrulunr:orlindvrirrysrn:rrs

il.r n : d fl nu r : ei ra fl n n rf i f,.r il iq fl n n r fi ar rn : n o fi rl : r u nrn I dsrtd

s.+.t nrriicfeudaru

nn nrrdnuraqrllddrrrrrjrsru.rdufruriaulrqifi nrriiriaudrrulunrroqfndilfi{srn:rrsil.rlurs6'usir rduoornrfauluqivrarJ:sr,rdufirufigruvurn0usnvil.rosnauriu

4ulunr:rJrvnousrfintarud'rflqurtdormfusrnrf,ndrirdnnaqfluodrrrurndrdorlfirrnrrirulnqjlunrnJrcnouordnrdonaruoqironrornrounYarflumf,n 6riimnlraylonrdufion::runrrficiaudailfogd'tnnnrrif,sdsnrira d'raoqndotfiu.rru?fr0uo.t uis rusil:senCopyright by Mahidol University

riu6'oin urdo lr rin ud'wfi nn rn.u. (lnn'lula6nr:ffiurdqrandou) / Bs

Qs32:87) nudr il:vrruuludo{fiufi riaudrrlunmoqf,ndilrrlsmufl lugilurunr:oqindoqilurvri'uiideudailrfou unsaonnfio.r fiu{ruif,uuo{ ro nf''lruar esS s:96) nudr rjryrryufi rf audrrlunrroqinddlrrrsmus qilurvd'ufr riaudaurfou

5.4.2 nailf,rur{uf:sndrtdauil:o'arydrq .l f,lnr:iiriaudeuruorrrailrruudu

rlru 1 u n r: o q indvriu u r o r ".r

oilo ar ru r r n aq il 1 dri's d

l) olrl

atanrrdnuraqtJld'di orgnhiiinrrruf,rurf,udriunr:ficiaudarus,o{rrail:vru.rdurftu

lunr:oqindvriflsrnrsruil.rodrrihiudrfrtlyrr.rafifidrssTu 0.0s lqunarl:rruodufirudfru.,q

tt0nfdr{rYu ovfinrrfidauiarulunrroqindvrinornryrsil.rkiunngir{rYu ,i.rduro,flurnr.,,

nrouniariaulnqim.rrrnJ:cil{dufruuiraardrrfloorfi fifinsilsrflunrouniailsrurinogj

oldu:arufiuunrudrtorg qnnaeirdofiTonraldlnflfinunsunnrildsunaufisf,uilrn nl.rrfu

ufinritriaedrttviiorgtternsir.rfiufildr4rlrt'nufrriaudrrulunr:oqindninsrn:rrsilo,rflneir{ '

rTuotirlfnrourin d.raonndo.:frumuifisto.r ilrrauqzu 6oûvrf (2531:wrrYndo) vrudr orqhififlnsio:so'unr:fidauiaulunrrorlindvriusrn:ihbiro,rrirriuf,luqirlrulunrnrudouns

aosrndolriu{ruifisflot olq quilr{ (2s39:r03) uudr arudnanrow{nr:uimrrriausirunfifi

orguornoinrYufi naruqrvilfi nlunr:orlinduririrarnnuodhius,nsirrriu

z):vrYunrrdnsr

nn n r:dnu raqrJ lddur du n r: dnurfr nrrru frrufrufriunufi riaudamormrilryl.r

dur?ruluntorlindvrino',orn',oiloutir.rfiriodrrTqvrr.ra6fidrvriu 0.01 Tpruvrerl:vil{du

r1r u d fi r v du n r r d n s r u n n sir s fi'u n v fi n r r fi ri e u d a ru l u n r : o q in dm iu u r n : m uil.r u n n ei r.r 6'u

tfltd tduootnnriutoturarJrvru.rdufrudhildgunrrdnurrnsosrfludo,irfisrlunr:eiru rfisu

nforc1rlolundnnrrmfonr:rJflrifilunr:frdaudrrulunrrorlf,ndninsrn:rruil.rldrlosne'r

nrirudld;unrrdnur d.raoorndo.rfiu.rrutfimo{ fln'mr 6yrin{d e$6:rr6)uudr :srTunr:

finurc,o{nflvRttilRlrdnrdrunrfluflsf,suua{dfiflnsio:vdunr:iirirudaulunr:oqYnd{lr

mstnuE o{nilvR:it R'ttanrdrua dnsrnrd drrnovirlnri f,.nr{ofiuvrqi unveoqndo.:f,u

trui'il'tlllo.t dilu1s eruni (zs+t:93) nudr frrJ:rnounr:dfi:vdunr:dnsrsir{rYufiroqndrdflafiu n r rinu r q u n rn uririrrdrn r s sr un n sir{ rYuCopyright by Mahidol University

rna'urr gdirtlrlnanuif,u ofid:um mcdsrduouus/ 86

3) rs CIsr?a1do rfiuo gjluylo.rdu

alnnltdnulaqrJlddr:vsvtanrdor#uoqiluri'o.rfiu'hifinar1firurf,uf,ryunr:fidau

darutowailrtil'rdurhulunrroqYndninsrnrrruil.rodxiirisdrrytgvrr.ra66drvdu 0.05

Iosrreil:sl'rdufrudflrssvtanrdorduogiluri'o{fiuilsrncir{n-uosiinr:iirfaud:rulunr:

o q in dvrin sm lrr uih Triuo n sir{ rTu tduo o',o qu "u

yra ilrcur dur?ru ria ul u qj rino rfis:*,fluodrtuurttiluuitausrsil.rfinr:dautrnoouasndrurordsfluluEruruunvriaulrqigdarra

rhvmdurhuocfudocraurdanrru rdofinuornsirrfiufiruu?rrurriaulrqiosrflunr:1si{{run'unuludoqdudfudosreurdanru dtosr4rhi'erurfinluqrurufiisrur:rrur1:crndgnvgua

narrufindlndr6is{n'u draoprndo.rriu{ruifir,{o.r qnrriori loiarugrd e$8:79) uudrRttiln'ltqil"udiittomnro1iluqruvusir{n-ufirsdunr:firfeudail'Silsrnsir{flu

,,nyfloelndorf,urru?fr0c,o.r riln{yr'nr rfuogi e5a0:93) nudr narufuavnr:rJq^ffirdo:riuflqnrfio,,r,dsruqlosnusRtiuRltu?ur:otr{nuuiuurieur[runTrild'duoqjflu:vovrau.dur#ougiludo.r

CIui

4) druauaufrnluniariou'nnnr:dns

raqrJldf rdrueuarurfinluniarfou'!rifi nrrrudtr{uf,flunrrfi riau jartot rrail: vrl'r du dru lu nr:o q indh in srnrrr sil.r o dN fi rifl drfirgvr r.r afi ddrv sTu 0.05 Tor srrarJrsru'rdurhudii'truauarurBnlunsrriouuflnsirrrYuoyiinr:fidaudarulunrrorlind

vtiilsrn:rrs!l'tlililnnsir.rfiu rdo{ornriauh,rqiudaqruuuvrarl:vru.rdurirurfluq,rurya6rd

oqiriurflun:ounf,ru0rsuncailrfinluErurufrnrruefireuruunrlnd'fion'uilrn Torsrsfirvod*

8'rvlniuqnfaU18nlunirrfsudrfluulun'oaraurdrnruoyd'o.r'hharriuilrvnouffinrt

sraurdtraanluqumd-rostflunr:ttnnnjdsuuavdrsfloeruuanarrufind,rf,uunstiururn dtdr

hi'nierfoudfiarurfinrurnuforlosld'r-unr:drurso ilqnikuuan?liln'n i6nr'Jq^ffiniIndrds{fiudsdrl#iinr:iirirudrudhiunncirqrYu d.raoomd'a.rfi'u.rrui,il'r,uo.r rfiqai iouv(2536:rl3) nudr 'firuauarur8nlun:ouniahifinrnvirlfinufiriaudaurorilrsrrrulunr:fi'or u r fi r ua sr do il c, s { n :r ru n r r fiom qil ru iln n eir { ryu


riilfi nin ur6'u un rin utduut'om :n.u. (rnnlulninrsuinrrdlu:sd'or,) I sz

5) tlsldH n n 1 t d n u 1 a q rJ 1 df r: r er 1 d'hi fi n r r ru f,ru rnu f,riu n r : fi ria u j a il u o,{ rr ? il r, u o d,

drulunr:oqindvrinurn:vrsfuotir.rfiriudrrYtyvrxafifid:sdu 0.0s lprurrarJrvru.rdurhufi

firru'ldtronsiNf,uovfinr:firiaudarulunr:orlindriilurnrursil.rhignneir,rfi'u tf.rd ruaororn

lunr:iiriaudarulunrroqf,ndyriuutn:fl sfl {uiraardrrfl norfi uarsfion::udaru:nrc?r'l:JiiriaudaruldlouhidotlfirluninduasrrarJ:yru.rdurfiuarurrnrfir}Jfiriauderulufionrrru

rfuldlnd'rds.rriu dqaoondotrTu*uifrrruor rJrrauqr Er'6uvrf el3rzrsl)fludr flunld{o.l

drr.Tuflnqrriruoclililnngionrrfiriaudaulunr:orlindvrf,vrornr{hh? unsconndorfiurru

?ffsuo.l nqsal no.rdta:nf Qlal:taa) rqudr nauu$oldrunuufrduaf,unr:,ir'onr:

il in 0r n r r: : ru n6hi1dduo { f,urruldr orn ro:.r n ir

6) doluRlnntdrau

fl a nr:f, ns raqrJlddranru nrnntfir nrhifi nrrrufirurf,uffru nr:iiriaudrruuoirsr?

rJ:vrl.rdur?rulunrroqindniusrnrsrsilsodr.rfiriudrrTrgvrr,rafio'd:caTu o.os TsrsrruJ:yr.r

duflrudfiaoluR'ttttt'htf,{nuttsrncirrfruovfinrrfiriaudrrulunr:orlindninsrn:urs}l.r'hi

unneirqfi'u draosrndorfiu,rruifiuc,o.r #ul:nri rudu6 e$s:rzr) fludr il:csrnudfian.,un r n l u qru ru u o n si r { rYu hi ri o hi'r fi o n a r u u sr n si r { fiu l u n r : fi ri a u d a rul u n rr o q fndlf,iturn:trrrurrd ttnvaonn#orfiuqru?ffuil0{t uol rir?rirfia (xaz77) nudr nr:firiaudaru

lunrrr{surd.ruaodoruqruruhiduo $fiuaaru nrnluqiluu

7) narufrdurf,unrroqindniuurn:srsils

atnnrrdnsraqrllddrnarufrduarTunr:oqindvrivrurn:rruil.r'hifinarrudrurfi'udrTu

nr:firiaudrutorrrrilrvru'rdurlrulunr:oqindrinurn:ursil.rodr.rfirisdrriqvrr,rad'frfi

:sd'u 0.0s losrrail:srurdurhudfinarru$durfiunr:oqindniusrnrrrsil,runneir{fi'uoyfi

nr:fi rirudarulu nr:oqindninsrnrnsil.r'hiunnsir{rYu duoo',0 narufnfouu?yr.r,{nrr

rJq^tffihi'filtiludo.rrflulilluuuanrudsrfiu quondfiorrrufrdaarlunr:oqindvrinslR:s1u

il.rhildlrtronaruirqnnariuosrq?rrurfirieudarulufion::runr:firiaudarurauohJ d.:eosrnfro.r

riu'rruifimo.r ritgfo a'rdfrfinr e$2:26)uua'r narruf narrurdrlolugiluuunr:uinr:qruuu

hifinarrudrur{uf,f,unrrfiriaudarulunr:fiorurqruvil uaudoando.rfiu.rruif,uzuor qn:rn:nf


raa'un: gdia1 ilnan r ra'i'o ofi rJr rorrn $n cr?onuouue/ 88

fittilU16 (25a1:ll8) nudr nrriiriaudailuoqilrsrrrufr'orfiulunr:oqindfliilsrnryrsil{1il

du o gif,un urufrdo.r n rro 11 indvrfir uro, ".ruHo

r) nr:ldiuriraar:

nanrrdnuraqrJldr'rnrrldiuriraerr'!rifinrrruf,rurf,ufn'lnr:firiaudaruuoirs.r?

rj:sru'rdurhulunrroqindiliflsrnrvrsfl{odr{fifudrrTqvrr.radddrsoTu 0.os Iourrail:vru.r

dufl'tudfior:ldiudraer:ttonsirtf,urvfinr:fidaudarulunr:orlfndvrins,rn:.y1stl{n6iunn

sir{n'u d.raosrndo.rrTu.rruiffuto.r ogru quyrr{ (2539:r09) nudr arurfinorrinr:u?ur:rieudrundfinr:iuniraarrunneir{riufinar{rh{nrroqflndrni#rrirnao.ririuonsir{riuunyaoel

nfiotf,utru?frsclo.t n:rfrnr ilrvnouvrind 1zs+0,tro) nudr arurfino*{nr:u?mr:rirurirundfinr:iuflrirearrttnnsirtfiufinarrufi'prrfiudfrsionr:fidauiarulunr:oq;ndn6irirrirduli

fionsir{flu ttnseonndo'rn'u.rrui6'uro{ rRUr a.rdioluriq e542zt3g) uuirnr:iuriraar:arult*qtdt,o,nciNfi'ufinaru6or#udruuiur:ffnnmd'runuf,nurnrllil1n narufinrr?ud'ru

A@etiuinr: ilqnr:dru nr:fl ur{qrnrnfihiilsrnsir{ fiu

9) nufiriauirn

nn n r:dnu raqrJlddrrrarlrsu{dudruriaulnqjfi nr:fi riau jrrllunrrorlfnd

nintlrn:vrsil.rlu:sduti't ,fiuoo'rorieulrqjrrarJ:vr,rduflrufigruvorn0usnyfl.rasnnuriu

rlulunr:rJrvnousrfin:aud.rfltgrartformilrsrn:ds'ddrdaoa.:rfluotirtrrrndrdorl#rrar

rieulmqilunrril:snouorfinrdsnerruoqjronrom:ornflarfluua'n 6tfinnrraylonralufion::runrrfirirudailfiosd{nanr:ifiudtnrim dtaoonfrosflu.tru?frmor uis rusilrvcnQsgz:st) tqudr il:slrrrulufio.r6ufirfrudarulunr:orlind{llslurnuflrugiluuunuoqfnd

oqilurvrTufirfaudrurlou ttnvaonn6'o.rriu.rruiir'wot ronfrs nlruar

(2535:96) nudr rj:vrrruiirirudaulu nr:oqinf{lrrrsrnuo $lurvdufi rieuda ru#o s

s.s cTo tauo uusorn n r r?6's

s.s. t {onuouuslunrrri{raiilnr:fi rfau:'aru

l) nrnnr:?fiunudrrrril:su.rdurhurieu}aqjfi nr:fi riau

daulu:vdulndr6ulriu InuriaulnqiosiirruldrJruRal{uavrrulddr nnviinrrdnsr:vffilCopyright by Mahidol University

rTarfigr?nordg uur?nurf,srfinnrn.t. (rnnlulatnrruiur:dqnsrd,su) I sg

rJ:vnudnullarTdldiunr:dnul 6.rne:dnr.urunr:do{ri{ra?ruuavrdoniinr::u:.rrihi,rrr

rJ:vru'rdudruoonurrJfrticl'fion::ilnrrfirfaudarulunr:oqYndnfnsrn:yrsilrdrnurvarusio

rvoTunarrufl raru'lilnowr{ttsR'ttn?th{narilriasuadolurds{ro.rriurlulunr:il:ynouorfin

rot rrail:sru.rdurhu uasfinr:flnourrurr?nerrufeiornarJ:yu.rdufiru

2) fl l.rrrsnr:mfomdas.rrudrd saofo{narfi uro:nr: nr:f,onudtdntrsrlunr:rlolriuunsurflthil#rfooaugu o?ua'rR r{rrurr{rnr:il:vrurlurrer :,000ItIslt01R518,il'r d.rrfluu?raardrrrrJrvru.rdur?rurJ:vnouorfinunyrflunr:utl'lvflqrrrl:vrdu

narrudottfit:sudrtvrailttuoduflruavrfooruqu o?unrR uncftdrh?f,ndrirluu;raa,o,.rndrrerr|r:aroiryro'uleufirudruauld'otirumuryaruriou d.rosrflunr:orlfnfvriilurnrrrsflrhJfieo

3) r*r l$R.rrfi iourias{rudrduadoq fiumiuurn:yruilon, :fi n r r fiPr sf{ u d a s { r u l u f,{ ra io fl o o r fi d l rtrruJ r v ru r du rir u l dgs r rE su l u rio.: r o t n r : q n drnfo drn:rudsursrluninutotrroilo rciu o',rqogoduntihn,orou nrrr4ril:vru.rdfisrnailil1u rfl udu ilasne:iirurn:nudrclu{:nunsrdnrrsrlunrrf,nnr:frufidn:vyirfio

4) neriinrrdnnrilflaflotfion:rrunr:fidaudarulunr:orlind

uinsrn:vruil.r niu Tnrtnrrnr:rlqnildldOrruûnu'!il nn'.rornrlqnnarfinrrfinnlil?{nR.r:

toitgtor'u To to'r du hldilq n n$oii nrrrJq n.rio il uffiJ l u deudsrr s lil un s fi n rrri*a?ru hflrrrrJ:su.rdurhu ldoo nruriarfi on:rrunr:iiriaudauu.,odu

t:

s.s.z flsrauouusdruiu nr:iffsn9.rcislil

l) nrrfi nr:dnsrril€uuffi0unrriirieudrurstsrailrruodu

r1tulunr:oqindvrinurnrvrgil{luuiraardraflqnd fr{iliofloflrfi riurrarJrsru.rduflrududdu'avrf rfr.rrfiorfl tyurdulufl oqriu rriu uirearyrsrndlud{unr rfl udu

2) n a : dnur n'* ru ?, r { R 1 i I r ff lr fl q u rl u il : v r d u n a r ru dpr' d.r

rio'rnrrl#niu'rnrrrsfl rilo{ilrvil.rdurhu'asil:vururor^sd

3) nrrdnsrd.rfl 0fr'dfi nnsionr:l#Tifl urnrrr'ilsotirrfi.rduror n r:il:s n o u srfin rjrsrurdu firu


rofiunr 1di ilr'al1qnfl, /90

usrarrr{n5il

(ru.il.rJ.). nr:sqindililtarnrtrrurrsr'. Rq,{ryr?rur4runr:dhuilrvsrfirurf,ufrrnurfl u

uud nnrih'lfi.

nrml:sm. (2s38). ilrsrrffiituddnrsilrsu.r fl .s.zsgt.Rq{rmfl il?nunr:Rrililrril{.

n::finr vu6. eszq).

.iilsru-fluf,rlitgqrf,.rnilattn:rsr{qran:ililryilfrn,riarql^sriflgrdu ruurinurn'srrrugrasrg.

Rstal^R'l ilrvnouvtit'td. (zs+o). nr:firiaudaillunr:or{indrnirirririuuosaurfinenrsirun

l u fl.r uior qn tt nr rF. ivt utu'nu drliq iu rdRs rf,'rrrsr r rJ u rfu fi n,aruirrfi q p sr

doru dnu r rlar qr^niil srds umrin srfiuufi or a.

nqsor vro.rf,.rarni e54o). tenun in ur n:rrru m61ufro r fi u o-.ruio gnr rrfi. a'vr grfi r{udrJ?rgqrdRu rfl dnril?r lriarfi n,eiurimfi suasrdorudnurriarql^sriilsrf,suur?nsra'urunôra.

fl'rarnd f,uvr:Irfi. Qs2g).nrrdrta?runuil:yrur.Rq{rrrilil}f runl :ilil1eilsrdurnuo:eiaqf.

rfiu siadr . Qs28). flof,udfinarilfrilfrufrduariunr:firiaudeillufinn::ilddruilf{dofi'ud

rJrr,f m{r?rulurrs,ruuyrdudsrnou drrno Tnrnfl r, o-rmi',un:aa::rf.irurfrnufiJiqqrflnurarantuilrfarfrs',rifl fi niilsrds ilrrin grfiss€uniuvr:ilrsl.


riorql'nin o rflu I u rin u rdol u'sra rn.u. 0nnTulntnrru:'rr:dqrandor,) / el

rnur ?{diorutfio.(2s42). ruiu. ?vrsrfiyrufiJ?qqrdRu.rf,.rf,sr1Jr,fl

farfrn,aruivrilrv'nrdnsr rinrfrnivrsrds rurr?msrfisrufina.

rRUil fiumfirda. (zsgo). iilursrenff{uaod'oil.nq{rflilu?r.runr:dRurdrnunl:n-ilf.

tnsil afrila.rd nr ogttll. (2528). nuoqindflilr0rn:rrrilrt6luilrsms'tilsluu.int:fisilur

f,{nilrrayrcrsgfi o.Rq{tyturJl.nunr:qAiltnr:n^rur{.

riqfo ardu'6n:. (xsz)

fr-rraiouuvrq6.ivrsrfr r,rufrf iqryrd.rnruarasr:ililrriorqrô,risfi nifl 0m's

ru u r?m srn'urnunr arao f.

nilvRrrilRrrdflrasrdsruuri.rurfi. es3r). uuamxnr:oqindrr:urr6. RE{rmilu?rrun::I:.r

frrr{qruquamnrafnrrmu nrud{ilrsm n'h s.

nusfrqrandouuasnYusrnrqrcnf. eslq.nr:f,ordilrfl uRr:oqindd{uaodoilr::iln6uFtasnrnurtttau f,irierrnqi. ilfi rinurn'silm'on rauociodrfnrruuf sursg3ru

durando u. nE{rililil?r1u nr :u.il.yr.

nrsrfrs finnr. (253s).

eirafl stqrfi .fl nnrfi :uilrim srdecwnrun?unf.

fl nnrfi :unriil srfruewnruniumf.

Qs4t',),

drrilnnT fi. fl norfi:r,rrSilgrf,uewnruniuvrf.


rna'runr gdlurronqflr! / 92

oaq Tu?tr.t. es39).

rirnao'rluf,trnfountrJgu.iilsru'nu#rJFqqrdnuroraonrurrirunnêr,drn'irrfi.r

ua n d'srudnu r rifl ,n'n?T urfrs ilniil urdsu fi o a.

Evrriori qdarugrai. (2538).

.?vrurfiilufrJiqqrrfi'oruu?urrgrcflrruutfnrfisr,arrrirrrfforurfiqnru rinrfisriflsrn's anrriurinr fi q r{sr u uiu u ar ao f.

0'tn0{ eqal rfiaori d. es+01. vrin srn:sruil.rmsrn. nq{rrilil?nun: :narvfiuranfloruuny

fl iugrn:cranf uureilsrfisilil^nn.ronar:hisr.fi ,ilf.

snlq ril^st1u uvf. Qszl).f,R'l?{?t'httfltugfio nr:do{ fiinilunvierur::rurerdrnrumqjrftu

ruumrYunr:fi rfaudautotilrvmrru,irn:rdnrdraqir?runrnrndo.lu miuo.r

il.rd?iflf(urrerfnrr).nrrn'rfaudruzuoril: 1uflt ne-nl1 ,

unrilgr:gu6f,nuruIsurr,flrrlrarEr rumrinsrfrsrfion.

nd'tu 1'ndn::uinur. QszG). ilofiuilNrs:sgfioilnsfirnilfifiHadonr:r#rudriaudailuor

il:vrrruluTnt{nua$Ntuluruilfl , dnurrniltynrfiTnr{nud1fifil:N?'ad

triu druadruuaot rirrnsr?ruT{J.r fi.rnfo:rrr{5.imsrfinufiJ?qqrfi.rnruf,rds5

uilrriarfin,rinrfiflin srds runr?usrfisrr:u areof.

raf,rr Oi"tir. Qsgq). narilf narilrt*o ilnvnr:rjfirifirpqnirirulunrrrirf,o{uyrynBlosunya,r

il0qn dnu tn:ru^nflatfou?ilnno{ttau ua:J nE{fliilrJutunr.in urfi nufi1ityrU.'

dt n ru cr ao r il il't tTat.u'er,a rc, risl fi { n a o d'o ru riar fi n iT 0r frs ru n rim s r du il fi n n.

ffiiq r.rdinrn. (2530). frtedifluriflur::il.Rq{ryrvru.nun::J:.rfirur,fruurivrsrfiafinrjrn:.


fiorqr'niilords ur rinsrfis!fi na en.u. (lnnTuTn6nrru:'urrdwndor,) / e3

5n1lf rrot n'onaf,uqa. (2532).

rinqrnqriorfti. in urfi nuf,rJiqrgrd.rnrumf,o rumlriorfi cr,riil fi fl in 01df,

unrimsrdsrrruf,ldnf.

ru^nr f,ndnaril4o'r. (2s28).nrrif,zuuumnfinrnar,hs.3uguifr0g(run:rnu-fiumil)90.

frsl:ori rudu6. (2s3s). nuea:uu,rumrnurunuanr

: dnurtn nrvn:fi fitminqln:rmrfi . ivrorfi uufiliqqrfi.rnilfl dnrilillriru fi sr,

aruirrdqraordoru riarfi'ninurfis ililrinurduilfina.

nigvrind rJnrrfivr8l (2s33). flnntvril0rnfionrriluoruj{uddiisis:suufiraffifdlrnsrou.

RE{tlnfl ilil1ilffi :ileho{ a:siilfl rin urds.

6u rJf,iltgrnqnf;l (2531). nravddrunvnufiriaudaru.nq{111ru?r'runr:ilrrliyrurii'oqTrrfu

rrrrurfr:ry.

rdu or a r inu frsfi d. eszg)J fl ril ilr 0 En rj:v a{ r{un nlirqruo.r fi .r uan flo il ff ns r.

nE{tilfl ilu1ltfit :fl 0{doru dnurto nru.g'ndlur.

tduprat istufrsfidrrntuudul . (2sgu).rur{ud d.ruesrfloru unyd.ruaodorudnur.unrilgr:lnrr

nrrdnursisrudo.r.

6fu vrfludroiq, (zszs).

tqilrvnlddrtnotdouttlfa ffwriouTarr. ?yrsrfinudrliqqrfinrJaran:ilrrfilfio,ar uisrrYoru r fl{ n u riar fi sriyr ur frs I u rin srdsru fi Er a.

yriyro,r n.rdiiorrf. esu). nrrfiriaudarroril:srrrulunr:fiom.un:ilgu:gudnr:dnsr

uTuurucrrr:u {r, unr?nurfiurufion.


roa'rn: gdiurron{nru / 94

vTsrnra qquln. (2s30).

.ivrsrfinufiJ?rurUrf,{nucranrilil1rimfl^n,riorfr niilsrdsrnriusrdurfi urluri.

frqfidToradrtttnvyr5nglcdx.(zszg}@i$!9.&!.f|{{tilflilil1ilfl;:n'nddnu:nrrfrur{.

t

rir r:rtgortqn. (2s29).

.?vr urfi fl u fiJiqtgrfi.rn u fl .tdeu

runlristfl'er,riarfr fl insrduurr?ilsrf,ur::ilaranf.

usrr cf,r?frda. esqz).

nia nEltvtttumrunr. iytstu^ltu#rJiqqrdnu'rd'rGrnrililrriilfiq,arflr?vrfiqrasr

doru dn u r rior fisriil srf,s rmrin uri'uil fi'n n.

ullon nqnuriu. (2538). nrroqinfminarnrr::rurrfimrrmsrn.nq{tnilun.tun::n:u{fr}?.

u?s rusilrvctu. (2s32)

tnnrvnlfi drtnottmnrusol frtmino:ro. ivrsrfiuudrJ?qryrdRU1fltdermJr.t1

riorfin, aruirrfi'ruanfi'oudnsr rlarfinfursrfrn rurrirsrfrsilfina.

qJJuaind rfisaurs. es+t1. t_o:rsumuu:m

aata?Yt t 1u?Iut?il e,ld'tdgttu?t 1

f$ fr ct,erurirrrvrn Tu Ind ntr f,n n r:rsil udrr du ryr sd.r ua nfroru riru fi sr?il srdu

uur?uurduuil'oa.

oAJvlurm dotqTqwf rtnv qnvrf,ud d{flidlnr. (zs2l). iilsrflaflffi{uand'oilunvnr:ilifir:niusrnr.nq{rrvmruu1iln:: liloiflururfrr.


riarfr-crin urdu rlil rinurdsuu-nnan.u. (rnnlulatn rru:'u rrduradou) / es

fir' qvrfrr,rrfiufrrnvnudul . es36). .d{ra.r:ruu rim srfrser roru nium g.

uîuotf otlot'nd6.(%27). nnef; uu??n{ if;nrrriqairunrrfiriaud?iluo{ilryrrrulutrufiorurqruru. 1u vriyror r.rdiisni.turrarrinrrl.nrlfiriaudaruvo.:ilrffinrrfiotur.mfii t tz-t tg,un:ilgu,EuddnuruTsulof,rrlsorEr ilurinurfigrufinn.

fri6' riorvrrfrrti. (xza). isuaqro.Rq{rililil?1unr:rnfirurrrgnr:frrur{.

urr!{ nuvnrfro. el<{J).

rnu:dnulnuwnrd ffrmfnfruyrqi.ivrsrfiflufiJirgrgrfinrJnreo:ruurriu,m-o,dru.l

?mfrsrurfi.rnuriilqr^q?fl grdsruur?nsrfi urnun:srenf .

uirf,uf 'lrua.:drr rl'a . eszt'1.

r{w u r Eru r u . ivr 0 r fi il u f rl ? rg ty r f,,r n il d 1 d o n, il r riil fi sr, ar c, rirr a{ il a n d,o ru

riar fi nifl srder uurin urf,srufi'nn.

rfierflqqrf,oni. (2535). nrrdnurnarilrililryaillunr:iiriaudruilo{ilrsyrrueio

nrsuau nr:ilrrrfiuarnn:smrfittnprdoru. imsrfir^rufiJirg€uriilsrqran:ililr

tiufifl ,ar{rirrmn]uTn6nrru?nrrf,quanfrou riarfinivrurdu ruur?nurf,srufion.

qqru

q6U55til fiorJinruiqvrfl (zsgr). mnfinnrsagr{rnfo{fio:auraildo{ndriliunr:iir'u.

n E{trfl fl il?f .lu

nr :dio U-u d.

qqrfia anqn. (2530). nt:drsl.tvtsrnlurirurir'lrs.ronarril:vnornrrfiurulio.r ou.rnel

rJ r c il{'!fl u iud e-o ru'q u t ou 253 0. n E

{ ryr rr xf 14'r rr n r : T{ fl rVu dn r r fi u r{.

rJ :vryt u flatfi tll. 12s29). dff o n rra r{ ueru un vr{sau rilifl gr n : yr gil.rfl gm dril iu ilrym o'lil u.

R q { rm r,t u t{ I u n: : r{n {u rie u d r riorfl u d tt'u Aniio.Copyright by Mahidol University

mn'unr 1durrallqnrlj / 96

:Jrvauqr 6o'unf. es3t).

n r n t n fr o. in u r fr n u f,iliq rg r dnu r sr e n r ru u r riar {r'0, fl .r

rJ riu, do,, r, du u dnu r .

far qr'n ?n sr n'r, u il riil s rfiuil fi n n.

rJivqr rararir#. eszs).

n q{ tT ilil?f til nr :ilrteil srdsr,fr o n.

fl{dfiolf qtyga':d. (2530). nr:dnurflr{enrasd.:nruunvmrugfrororvrailrsruwuro6n

f,rriqrvuor.rgrugfi onr:ilrsrul,zs(10),25.

.(253 g).ln:.refrwrrfirnru-rmugfi o ror guruil:vu.rruro6nuav*u?n?lil

6srrfr.ruluurslunrril'nnrrilrcu{Insquru.rarugfionr:rhsr,{.f,uarnu e7),rg.

't'du d ! u Y dltf, rr u t d. Qsqz) routssiilufusu:sqin:ftiErueee

. iflurfiilufilityqrivrurFnflnrilfl 1

tiu fisr,eirriruvrnlu lnEnr:uiur:dqrandoru rior finivr srn'u ilrrir'rflsrun-nn.

frfraf qtglru. eszg).

n:d nrn nviu oond u.:rfl donouriN. ?vr urfinufil?tgtgrd.r nuf, ldorur{ rfar fi sr,

aT,rirrA{uandoru rinrfin?ilsrfru uilrirurduufiErn.

rrfi ryci islus. Qssa1. Wiltlt?ndoililo{ nrrilraurvn:d't'{nfqEua:u'fi .imsru'iludil?qqrdnuraren:ruurriufi,n,dr'riyr

fi .rua sr do u dnu r riar fi oiyr urfis runr?n srfisil ilê n.

rilnsfiar fuoqi. es4o). i{il"adouuo{nilunuFmr:rfaudrun f,iuinustsr. ?vrsrfrnudrJiqryrdnurcran:nilrigr.q'sr,drlriyr

d.rurndoru riufiq?nurfrs rumrinsrfisufien.


riarqr'nim urdu uu rin orniurfi oa rn.n. (rnn'lulainrru?rrrfilur ado\) | s7

lrrisfli 6il46s:. (2s40).

?ilsru^flufims1d'rflnrililrfarfin,'ur?rrnr:f,nnr:ilryu.r rirufifl?il0rf,uumr?nsrdunuqrfleog.

lniori tslvsiumg. (an). uTsuruunvnni6nr:firieudrurorqruruluguraraognrfiflur

floqriu lu vriivro.r ra.rdiiwri. (u::srfinrr). nrrru'riaudaruro.rrhsrrrulunr:

rvfl ur.fi dr e-zgnrrJg':guddnurulsursarrrruq' ruurimsrf,'rufioa.

h,rlrori qrdruqvrd (2s31). nr:firfaudaucro{il:srrsu.?rrf,.,,?yflurqurupT(qunrfiuf,

2531),24.

qrtd qaflaqot. (2s28). uuanrrrufisrunvvrquiiurrdtnruirurluqn6udu.rfinslfiri:

ilnriilsrf,srfru.r1ilri.

rumrinsrfiucttnruniun{'. Qsgz).:r0.rrunffiiil'0Tn:{nr:if,seimflnorfi :yuvd r. flsrqrfi,

u nriil urf,sa{ cJa ru n?uil9.

ilfir?mstdt a{c,aruniu ni. (zssl). rrq{ruaqrjln:snrrifisdraflnnrfi.ilsrnrfi, uuri1sra-s

a{c,nruniuflf.

rurlus a'rdqiinri. (2s38). nrroqindvriilurnruruik.ronauil:snounr:?lnou:rrfi.r:Jg^rifi

nrnadnqet:nr:f,onuniu urot"loHo iud zo-zs fi urnru 253 B.nE{rill,rrJr4.pr9n :

n:rudhlfi.

ruf; 6'uvrlrrJn:nf. (zs+r).

Eusiofi mf, riqrilrvilsrlgfu ,n:il'dnurf,{ilioqsruafrrii.imsru'nudinslf, .rdsr5

u rrtiar fi n,arvrtsrrnnlu TnE nr:uin rrfi .r ua ndo u rior fi o?vr ura's u m rim srdu

rufrnn.


rea'ur: 1d!

ruurirsrfistr?ern.

: r sfil fr n a slru. Q524). fl o u r q n : u frudfl{ n ilivr f, r. n q { rr ff il il 1 u fl : : il. il. yr.

urrotruflru / 98

qiorrf pirruf;. esza). .RE{uymul.nun::drfnn'rur{lmuoqrnrrsdlnu.

nriad ruuflnrran 6. eszs).

dnsrrqurvn:df,{uinnilq5. ivrrru^nuf,rjiigqrivruraran:ilnrfrufisr,arcJrirr

?vrurnranfd*ranfrou riarfioiil'rf,u ililrirurdurnunrqrenf.

fiodu airiuu?{r uayfllqn rounafir. esz6).gnraran$lnrirornriryorur(arnrrarqrtruuvr.R E{rtil ilu l{ 1il fl i :ufl rin urn-grufr nn.

f.rfl ogqierri. es24).

. imurfinufrliqqrdnursran:ilmrrirufrfl,arrrirrilrvrrnrdnsr riarfiniilurfru

r:rd frunsrfi. (zs:o). rdgddeuu.ivrsrfinuf

rJiqqrd.rnilf,'tf,ntil?'ltiatficr,crrrrisrfisuasrdoru rjorfinivrsrds runrinsrdg

rufrnn.

rfror orfi u . es4;r).au,uo,roiuuro,rfrro,rnino,orif,",u,urlurjrunsnlno.

nE{tilililil'tun: :drfnrtun ilsRrrlJnrriil'e,Id{sr6.

?ttor1 atdatu^s. (?53g'). Qfrsranfnrrdo{rdar. nE{trflilrdrunr:I:rfirur{urrirurdur::rJ

sranf.


:iarfi nivr urd'o uu rin urduu u'on rru. (rnnlulafinrruirr:dqraado!) / 9e

?flntnf Insqq. (?54t). tdrugfionrrfionrr:J:yu{oauquilurnlmrduiraileiralrsnourir{:

nrddnurff.rrnigrfl norfi. insrfifl uder urfildersrJ?f 1ri0rfio,arurirrR1rf,nnffi

ninurnr rinrfioivrsrdg turimsrdurnso:sranf.

afrsn:ai ot?q?ttnt. (2s33). nr:fi riaudailqroril:sfl ruludo{fiueionr:oqinffi{randouu'r

lur sln. in urfi nu fiJiq rg dtn roraq:ru m rriu fi n,arr rirrd-.r ua o do ru riar fi'n

inura'u rurrimsrd'srufroa.

iolur qfinufin. (2538). nr:nJdsuurJnrflrgurunvrrudonro.rqruruil:vrur n:ddnurnr:ld

rJ:yIsyriihyrura u.u'ra sin ur.zg (3),3 z.

iufru 6.rfl qontn. (253 6). djrrrurnu.nq{tilnilil1unr: nlu

siorurnrfrs.

Aodg._,. - .wlvavv?$s rflsuilor,. Q533). R15or{rR}l?try{rjlR:frrrilfl$l.Rq{rrflililil'tunr:dRU5afltlt'1.

irunisrd aidtr{. (2s38). nrrfirieudailoqinfvrir,r0rn:t::ilfifim{nriuafinriuourJi.irur'A / ra d - 'iiuufiJiqqrf,nsrnren:ililrrisfin,arrrtrrfrunodordnur riorqr^n?nsm'u

ililriilordsufrna.

i'lnu: eiluraifrs. Qs34). nrrfi riau:'alrros firirorarfisrurrurulunr: oufnd

ilffl urn:t:fl y.t6f,{il{odr:Jr{.iusru'uufilFtgqrfi.rnrugranrililrfilfi n,erclrAA? srd{ut? odo u rI$ fi nifl srdu uurir srfrsru u'na.

;

iladnuai asqmf;'. es4o). aarunrililYilurnrildnriufiailr.rnr:rYorurdfr{duloril:vrrsnlru.

Rq{mfl il?r'lilnr :uldleil orfisrng n:graqf.

i:v :trqfnd uav tnnfiu r{rilil0u. (2533). anmyuinurn:rrnvnurl:vruloauEu uirarueirr

r{trr. nqrmuillrlr.rFu :fi :ruilwrur.


roa'mr trd urronunrr| / 100

drJiqrgt grJn:vrir.r. (rizg). nr:firiaudamorr{orurn:lunrrriqa?ruunsinurqarnrudsueor

dorulurur"rvr. ?yrsrfiuufrliryqrf,rnreian:runrriarfin,aruiurfi.rursrfloru

riarfisrimurds ilurinsrfiuilfrnn.

f,uaus dusr^rr6. (253 t). nr:fi riaudauuo{nfl vn:rilnr:rnrdrualulnr{nrrfifl uru?rri{ril

llu ror rd n f,.r rinnr wfi u f,. ivr srfr nu fiJ?afiurds nil arenrilfl rfu fi n.arutiyrfi.r

na ods ru riar qn'n?m srds il urinsrdsru fr on.

gnrrnraf !tttJr'rn^. Qs4t). nrrfiriaudailr,o{ilryrrrudo{fiu1unr:oqindmiflurn:rrsil.r:

n :ddnu rdrrn sa sS ff.rrd{n aqn. in urfi r-ru fiJ?qqrdnu raresr:il il rfifl 6or,arr r

irr fi .r ua o do u dnu r rior slêriil 0r frs ru m rin s rfruil fi o a.

anuf fruvrind. eszs).

turrvudriln ffwfioeri.r. ?yrsrfinufiJiryrgrdrnilmdn:ililrrialsl-sr, riarfi'sr

?Yrsrf,s unr?usrfigrnun:greof.

dorllt drnfrn.rd. QISG). nr:firfau::rurosnuyn::unr:anrdunlunr:oqfnddjrrrsrnu'

f, nu rq ilrg nrfi dTn odrlilri ua g n'sd rmoursruoril f,{fl iofiuilqi.imenu^nuf

rJitgrXrfr.r nil fl f, o 5ru r{'rrior fi n,errr?yrfi .ruaodoru riar fi nivr srfis u r r?m srfiu

rufrsrn.

afivr dns:ttilt. (xgz). {hrrgrnu fimg?ilar unynr:fionr:.RE{rililil?r1unr:n0ilil^?uonraofrn Aalnrr{n.

arulo rfiuro?rg. (zs3t). nr:iicieudail{o{rj:vrrrulunrror{indiliflgrntilrl# , finurn:d

d run est6 uu d rt n o eo s f,i ur-nun d. ?n urfi uu frJirgtg rd.r n il dlfl oru u tiot fli^sr,

airt'r r,'r? y't d.u ra n do ru risr fi o ?yr s rfrs il il rin e, rd's u fi o n.

eru1t uvaruur{. (zsrg). nr:oqfnduasrVqtur{lrrrurau.nE{uililu?ilunr:n:udhulfi.


risr,fr'srin urdu I r rin urdsl u'nn an.r. (rnnlulafinrru?urrfsilaodotl) / l0t

fllltrlo' irisurind. (2535). nrriiriau:'aurorrirriu dluqjriru lunr:or{indfi.ruasrdorulu

ru uil nrnsl siu oo n tfi uttil fr o. iyt stu'ttu fiJiqqrdnu'tf,lfl n rilurriru fi o, d.lfl .l

?rrd.ruandaudnur riarfintvrsrds uurin grfruufisra.

dilsrs oun6. Qs+t). narilf ronn6 uavnrrilfrrifim.:drj:snoilnr:luffsilioilTiltrfirdgafiu

nr:inurqunmttririrtfrru:vgt. ivruru'nufrlirgiUrdRUrdlderruflrritu.n-n,arrr

irrfi .r u a n do il dns r rior fi oivr urds u il r iyr u r n-r, il fi o a.

arufrnd qansf,t unv alfind rJrrTrundqfirur. (x2z).In:rnrrr{surnrril:sruryrsrnduflru.

a rr fl r n nilrvur,3 z (4),286-29 t.

arutfiufrrarj:su.rdurhunrnld. Qsut). aorunr:nfunvilqn'lro.:qururrailrvrurduflru

n r n 1 ffi t zs+0. R E.r ril T{ il ?r 1 u n : :rd o r fl r odu r*o,l', fi'r.

v v ae /a d r 'drgfru qfifrufimrt. (2s39). nr:fidaudailuo{ilrsrruusioflUilrilnfrurr{drornEilyu:n:nr'

dnsr rilsurnrfro{ttfi fl . ivrorfiflud?nulf,lderrrJilrriu fin,eiu?rrmnluladnr:

uimr:fiqresfloru riarfininsrds uurimsrf,grufinn.

fiurTrr aufiinr. (2535). fiqilr{nrrfrnnr:ilinurn:rrrrurrfiunvfisurnfroruluunufiwur

taru g fi o un v dr n ru urir rr 6 s riu d 7 \t.d.(zs3 s -2s 3 9).3itdu$f n6lto$z 6),1 43.

arsfind qnfirf,uf lurrotrfrnrr). (zs34).fltunrdrirn'r"rnr:druunulsuruuriruro^.

Rq{lilfl iltf 'lun::Irw'tr{tilriilsrdorr:ugranf.

drfnsrunattottunrrfisilandoiluri.ryrfi. (zsg+). :rurruanrunr:ntqilnrflA-:uaodoilro.r

il:vmalfl g n.g. zsgo-zsg+.Rq{rwru4'run: : drfn{nunar sRr:runrrfi.ruasrdou

uri.rrr6.

drrin.nuo'.tr.riorflnnrfi. Qsn1. il::sruaEduflufislurtr'{fl{orflnorfi fl.s. zs+t.flnnrfi:drfn

.rrufr{ilierilc'qrfi. Copyright by Mahidol University

ren'runr Xdi urronqnr! / 102

drfn,:ruafifiurf.ryr6. eslel.nsqrurunrdordudrrurluilrsrutmvra n.s.zsl g.

nq{lilfl !n1unr:Ro{nd'{{oryanavaurvrgafi fi drfin.rruafi rr-urf rrrfi .

drfnlrudrtnotruoo.:floo'fi. Qs+z)t mufimurdrrnsru'orflosrrfiilrydrfl u.c.zs+t.itqflrfi:drfnqrurf, rnorfio{fl srerrfi .dndrrur.

drrinifisunvfiwur. Qs37).t1t {lun1rf,iluuildor nr:l#rhrlgrfirnvnr:oqind€iraflnorfi.fl o n rfi :unit urdge.: c, n ru n?um$.

qr1ru r$r10. Qszg). nr:Urarvningrnril:vrus. nq\:rrnnflrilnr:uilr:ilsrdurnsnrareflf.

qiud nmi:vqn. (2s27). floffodfinasionrrfirfaudeilzuo{ilrvrrrululnr{nr:finurudfiru.

ivr srfi nuf,rjitgqrdrnruaranrunrriar frn,riar fi oiyr srfig ililrin srdgr:rilsrenf.

qrrfr rhvfivrf;gaud e$7). rmnu^nnr:irnrrvd6'auilrfiar0sTrdriliunrrif,0nNf,.rnuuay

nqfinrrrucranftmdnnrr i6 nu uav nrril:s qnd.ng{mililrlua: :6r01ir.rrinr fi sl

floruu:.nuaraof.

qrrur uc.ru'ilu?n. es24).

n E{ tiln ilillu Flt. im urfi nufilityq rfi nil sren: il ilrriar fr cr,erc, riyrfisru rd{ nil

riarfisriilsrdg ililrinsrdgrnsn:fl enf.

qtnn ornqttfiu. (2s33). unrir,drfinrqfianrfldrfiiudraflsrnrfi.+aa0nnJ1(unr1nru-

mu'lulJ 2533),9-15.

q?ur qfii. Q540). finnrrrunrrnutilrvmlu{f,riliraarrjrrrurnului'.rrdiprsri.r. iyrsrfinuf,rJiqqrivrolrndnrilillriorrfio,eturirrriqairun.rxRuerr riuqr^ningrn'g

rurrimsrfisurilfr. Copyright by Mahidol University

rioqr'srin sd'u ul rin urduru-nn an.l. GnnTu1atnr:u?urrdrutado!) / to3

qiur 6qu. (xs+1. nr:firirudailfloril:srrruluRr:f,onr:rifl0rn:ilr1fl1ursuil{lr{il,ru,

dnu lnrdeirun ainv no drtno flnny firminu n:rrrfi rur.?yr srfi nufiJ?rgqrf.rnru

fl dfl 'ill4ltialfrn,arrr?rrfiqraErflor

rinrfiniilgrfiu ililrimrlrdsilfioa.

o r?rror rdul o. (2s35). narufunv n r:rJf,rifizuo.rrJ:vrrrudorfrnliranr?unno.r

tnnrsnrfi naotldteit. ivrsrfrvrudrJityrgrd.rnlaract:il?nliatu^n,aruivrfi.r

uaodoru rinr fin?vrurfiu uurim grfrsufi nn.

sruud ornrfi:rud. es2u).fgsrasrfido,rdu.nE{u?rfl ilillunr:lorduualog.

ofiu rfifroni. Qsn).nr:firiauderurorqrurulunr:r{wurruililluenrflfrrnruunyiorutrnr

lyrs.lu u6mss rn.rdiioni.(urrurf;nr:y.nr:fi riaudrilqro{il:yyrrulunr:frfl ur.

n#'gzo-gz+s,unrilgru :qu ddnuruTsuludrrrrilEu ililr?norfroufi nn.

qoru lrurut aa. Qs39). il:rfril3nrflzuo.ro{r{nr:nrrf,nnr:sqindumri{r:rilrr6ilffirnrrru

ilrot n:tu^dnsrrtrgurn{irunuauqr n:dfieodrqrilroursuau.tvrurfifluf,rJ?r1rg''

til srsraqru il rtiat fi o,arzu rivrrn n lu lnt n rr:.r?n r : d.r ua qdo u :inr fi srivr s rfru

ufiriilsrdsil?r'nn.

or18o da?urilfl d. (zsgo). fl of,udfi runeionariln:vilfnto{nruvn::unrranrr{rrtnlunr:ur{'IilAAJ?ltu'tu1111fr

rJiqqrfi.rnuflldotilillriilfisr,aruirrfisnanfloru riorfiniilsrdu ililrir urfiu

rufrnn.

/aorln:ni qartatafrcRt,t.o. Q52g). nr:iidaudriluo{nilyn::ilnr:anrdrunsiofn:rnr:nar.

fl zszg dlnoruufl 'b'wrioflouuriu.?vr urfi ilu dil?ryqrf,rnrusresrrililrriilfi n,

far on^srin urds ilil r?m grfrurns fl : graCI f.


rnf,nrr gdiuttfitlqnru / 104

oqnlfl 6:nrn. (2s28).

.imurfinufigaranrruurriu fro,ars,rivru?mr:igfi o rltu sl^sriil urdo un rim srdurrrilsranf.

o r n r nirt'u f f,uvr $ad r.r. esn). r{ r u : : u r 0 frns il virrr q u fi u n s fi dn n r :ryfl u r qru uu z.

nE{rilfl il?t1unr:drrinlr-ur{uurinsrfi sr::uaranf .s'odrrur.

o rl 0r islturfi o. (2526). fl o f,gilrqilrvnr:rndga fiunufi riaudail{or {rJnn:o{lufi on::il afl 0.

lutto tirnonao.rnnat il'tmforjrurumfi . iusrfrnufiJiqqrd.rnilf,ldsrnJ14.r

rinr fi cr,rior frningrfrs uilriilurfrsrns nraren$.

ori rurrryel (25r0). rur{usfirur{uflu nr:r4r.rru.nq{rrfl ilnrun:ruer^qanr:firud.

drues noafir. (2530). aorunrraf{lrhllufloqriurYunr:oqind.arrarm{rtrnrns'd1m

rhl{A(l nrrnru-fi urnru)pr.

druro ro?tyfinil. Qs2s).lnnuavnrroqind.nE{mruJfilun::drfinfiilr{lerduualnf.

riruro oriun#s. Q526). nr:fiflurruuil.nq{uilflili4'lunr:dhsR'trn'rur(rumrimorfiuqhfru

r::urirru.

,(2s27).nrtrf,wurrutvr.nE{lvtfl ru]rlun::drinn'ilr{inctodrillaofuoud.

to n #u'ltuat. (2535). nrrfi riaur'a ill u n r: or{ ind{hryl urauu o{ il rs rrrul u fiwio sr i{.?nur-i laa 4 o a a A etunufiJitgtgrf,nsrgrao:ililrffl findrvrTrrfruraodoudnur riilrilôivrsrfiu

uurinsrdsufrsra.

d o as /tJr v I a oor-& ^to-odq Tlrorilcr:in $. (xsz). nrrdnurilruuarr{aNununrrl#doiilqntyorurdu{rfionffi


riarfi nin srd's rl u rin otduuu'oa rn.u. (rvrn'[uln6nr:uirrrdqr:odol) I ros

zsl q\nroldnarilf,il fi ovo:JqJorn:vilrmdnsrfr nr:.?vrurfifl uffin:Jsrao:rumr

uinr fi sr,ris fi criil srn'u ruurin srf,sfr r ril mdo f.


roa'rnrr gdiusrallr{nr! / t06

nrurff{nqu

Allen'S.W.. (1959). Conserving Natural ResourceNew YorkMc Graw Hill Book Company.

Barnard'C.. (1966). The Function of the Executive.CambridgeJvlassachusetb:Haward University

Press.

Bernard,.4,.. (1958). Rural Sociolog.New yorkMc Graw Hill Book Co.

Brow4E.J.. (1953). Who Take Part in Rural Organization.Pensylvania: Penqylvania State College.

BuckRC.and Ploc\L.A.. (les+;. Factors Related to change in social particip.ation in a Rural

Pensylvania Community, Pensylvania: pensylvania State College.

Caryl.J..(Ed .). (r97 6).'

as a Process,Columbia:University of Missouri press.

CohenJ.M.and UppoSI.[.T.. (1980). Participation & Place in Rural Development Seeking Clarity

throue! Specificity.World Development, 8,213 -218.

Fonarofi,A.. (1981). Community Involvement in Health for Primary Health Care.Geneva:WHO.

International Labour Ofiice. (1971). Participation by Employers' and Workers'Organization

Economis and Sosial Planning.Gonevafnternational Labour Ofiice.

Kanchanachitra. (L976). Factors Related to Communiw Develooment in Thai

Villages.Unpublished Master's Thesis,Cornell Univenity.

Kaufinan$F.. (1949). Participation in Organized Activities in Selected Kenhrcky

Localities.Agriculfiral Experiment Statiou Bulletin.Copyright by Mahidol University

risrfi nirurdu rurinurdu!ilna an.r. (rnnlula6nrruiur:frqure#o!) / 107

LowdermiltM and Laitos,W.R.. (1 980). Rural Sociology,46 Q),694-7 00.

Masda,J.H.J. (1982). Strdies in Rural Participation.New YorkThe Free Press.

Reeder,W.W.. (1974). Some Asnects of the Infrrmal Social Particioation of Farm

Families.Unpubliced Ph.D. Disertation Cornell University.

Tohisna"R.&,Duangsawasdi,H.. (1992). Thailand Experience in Fisheries ManagemeutFAo

Fisheries Repo42(Suppl.474), 532-537 .

United Nations. (1975). Po'pular Participation in Decision Making for DevelopmentNew

YorkUnited Nations Fublication.

United Nations. (1981). Popular Participation as a Strategy for Promoting Community.New

YorkUnited Nations Fublication.

White/A,.. (1982). Why community Participation a Discussion of the argrument go,Community

Participation.Geneva :United Natious.

Yamane,T.. (1973). An Introduction Analysis.(3'ded.)Jokyo:Harper International Editor.


rnn'unr ldi nmnu?n/108

nlnflil?R R.

uuufrunrud 8oi1i.......

nr:fidauiailfl o{tl?rf :v*sdurhulunr:orlyndnyils rn:ilsflqn:o?6inur : draflsrnrfi ffsnioflsrnrfi

Isrs

urseierseiilvr: gni

rinfi nurrJ?qryrln narvfisuandoilmsnynsrn:Rran{ un?vrsrffrJrufioa

nilrs,tfiqN r{rfloutlo{rirurlndoffiir'udodrrflunrrruf,iddrr|ryodrrs.r rdorir}J1d:JrsTssd

lunrflf,rivrsru'fluf,i?irrfud.roshifinrnciodr?iruluyrr.rlnt#{du A'oriu d.:vo1?yirusrourfr

oril1# crr{ f,u{orfi ooi.ru'rodqt

rirdrror uuuf,runruaifirf.rurusr to urh (rrruluilsrrft) rj:ynold,es s oou dqd

rurd t {oryamrrdruilryyrnr rnrugfio uoyf,rnru ,fruau o E?o

truud z narufrdornr:oqindniusrn:nufil,r druru zo {oruud g nr:'ldiudrrarr ,fruau o {os'uud + nr:fi daudautolrrail:suqdudrulu nr:oqindvrf,ilsrn:rruilr,fi ruau r g lJo

ouud s fl rgnrqrla:rnttnscTotduouuvtorrrailryru.rdurirulunr:orlindvrinurorn-ruilo

,f,ruau z {o

vurdehurot?al... .ti{t?n.l


u-orfi nftisd's g m?nsrfis$ fi na rn.u. (mnluladnrruirn#suaador; l toe

nou{i t {oqanrsoTru il:ssrn: rnrugfio mu#snil

AilvJ$oflQndun'ruru........... ...ulildQa..

rhurnrd............r,tEid.......dolr{rlru...............d1u4.............rirno..................0.ilnnrfi

1) ssusr?n1dorf,oogiluds.rfiu...............il(lildrndr t fl) !

2) o1r1...........................fl

:) :cdilnr:dnurq.rqo r)hirns'ldiunrrdnsr

z) rJ:sarufinsr

g) fitsildnsrnoudu

+) rirurudnsmoilila1flAhs.

s) oqrJ?tgtgrnJaa.

e) rlitusgroE

z; u*u1 iuq........... !

4) dalu nlunrfirnrulunqirhutowiru

I 'hifianrunrvr

n fiaorunrn

t) rirriu

z) fln€lifiru

3) nilsn;tilnr:u?nrrriaur{run

+; nr:unrru{rhu

s)flfrvrr.reiaur

s) rirufi:rsld Clrirfi'nrirlfirirs) ornnrrdrrnouorfrutflu,$ru:u.................trnmiarf0u n

e),$ru ru aru rfi nl u n ir rf e u fi rir n u er....................n u


rodm: gdi Rlnetu?fil110

no ufi z n a r ru ffrio.rnr:o qYndnYu srn :msJfl .r

rirnrr qn Fl9l

t) {lrmumufin{riruasrrsurndrrarurisna'rniyru'rorn'ruilo

rfl uuin srnrdl#ud.nrun'lrj hiaruuorfindulnrild

z) vrifl srn:msil.rdoilrnsraufrnddxtasfi silmiiqu ritrav

qarrJ:vTomirurnrrueiourls fi rasinu raruqndlurvurfrrasrf

g) fl qilrnr:rdoilln:ilsJordlrrrsrnufl sl4louaunr:aon{c,osfrn{

rirrfi o,duorn nrrnrsrilrns fi o n::rnrrl#rJryI0fiidilrn

rfi u lrJ unyhig n dotr o urqu drfl u ra d'n

+) nrroqinddlrrrsraudndrirunvrrsmrndddqrn'o nr:nlridr

toflr in srnr sr sil.r rfuul fira s

s) dlrsrsmuuavu'rr,?r1arfl uunri.rfi o 1iorf,urnrurrirorills

s,o.rdniririoEiou

lduriilrrr sraufrodrfiunssr ufi rofi

1

6) n r: q ua in u riliu ur n r sr sil.t

7) ihsrstnuosdasnonarruquur,{xornduaildsovliauflo{fiuuu'l&

!r'1071{ilylnlrnen?ilqil R1t notlr'tslI{fl a'tu

8) nuq nqnufiaor.rdudilrur0rnurfluor{rhjldrj:vTfl sfifl uarr?r cl

h?ilrrrsrnunnntunsrfi nnarrurdoruIm:ru

l) nrroqinddlrrrsrnudo nrrrJq ndulfinnunuqnni'rdfi nr:do

1fi

t o) if; n rl rff I r fl q r r rd ua rTu il ur s m u d q n ri r a r ud 6 d qo nô

nrrrjfr o sl#rfl uhJnrurr:urrfi

r r) luiloqriufi nrlrJd suanrnilrrrsrnurfl uur{rd,rrffo{h

rrumuqnuJdsuanrnrfl uur{sudefi srndosdrlfi'fi anrudr16r

tz) nrrq nrirdudilrfl srauunvnrr4raruilrrruraurfl uruqrirl#

ninurn:srufl .rrdsruIyniluny Rrsvru riunarrurfl uo gjmr

il:vrrvulosriau:al

t:) rJiilrardnirirfi nna'r osnsvfl ufiunarurfl uo $rordrsvrrurvrnvfrnirirrfl uurrfu orn'rrdd'rrTrgumriwrd.rCopyright by Mahidol University

rlorfi sr?nsrffs ufl r?ne rh'g g fi oa en.u. (mnluladnrru?mrrturodoil) / I I I

n101u 0n fi9

t+) nr:riril:vil{1ilqq? 1.rldhifi nncion?1ilEnildruqtnito.rdor{rir

ts) nr:f,ufrodrir4 nwrnfi.rcf urnrd nuaswmluqihifi arncio

n?'rilq au dil q :niror f,oirir

l6) nlioqinrftu{Aodrirosr4 rhi'fi :J?ilrar dsridlrfirururnduunv

r{rlflfi rJ:yluydnifl urn:Aoirirld'lurvgyr?nr0',ru',udu

t D nr:1 #:srfi nfrurjnrhirfl unrrdrnrorf,u{fror{rilrnshifi or

ngnuruilrvru.r

I 8) n1:rvuludrrfl uornur{.ruavrfirdunrnuurfu qruvunrqfnvmfi

riaur4rhivrin 0'rRrr'rr,?r'rordorulvr:u

t g) nrrrioagr.rd.rrieaitreirtluimoryrsurodrl#rls1410d?r,,ilil

rfiu duuarrfl u nr: oqindmsurnlilfi a s

20) srsldlnfi rdoruInru oufl uduqfanrnrfiilldsdrr:anr$e


rof,mrr Xdl nm9.ru?R/1t2

noud s nrrldYufi rarfldsaffunr:ouYndnYr{urn:ns,fls

t) rirurnuldiufiiraarldsafiunr:oqinffliflurn:rrsfuornumrisdraar:sionhjdnfohj

z) rirun-ndrlufloqriuviru'ldYucireaurdsafiunr:oqindilrr'rurnil fio{rir uas flufirorfis.rnonfo'hi

I tfis.rno ! hirfis.ruo !

3) nrddldrfi s{fl s?irudo{nr:m:rucloryaludrulnrfiilr6il(srouldrurnndr r {o)

I anrnfl qrrroryriuurorsl,rilu (iJrsrsrau fioirir slulrnn)lufl oqfuvJI ttuailr{nr:oqinfvrinslRrutulllel

nldvviqE I n: s n urfr ur f,unr:oqinrinin urn:yrsil.r

I nerudrriqunsil:s10yrf{s.rvriiluroruluil0

lE

IIIn

E unurnro.rrrarJrsurdurirulu nriirir udrruoqinfvrinurnryruil.l

lllliln{u'r?d'tt hirns rng

U1U1nt.l uogntrt lnnr{r) Ivr:r[qd

z) ivrg

r) nri.rdefi'rur{

a) auart/frnsdlt

s) uriur{udrjarnof

6) ro Rdlrro{Yt'hr:'tsR't5

l rflrurirdrosig

e; qrrr^ddavrdourhu

s) dur........

-Au 0u1'sq...


u-glfi ntnsr6'a r mrins rds I fi oa ?n.{. (mnluladnr:uim:d.ru:adar; I r r:

+1 doryndrirudornr:urArrdrrirufiodrnalnuundTqge$lo (qouldilrnndr r {o)

lurirdofirur{ nnnrrou:rul#naruf n! fiquar:/ar:d1r !! ?vrq n-sqdLllvr:fari n! udufiuArjarnof nn tonarrqlo{Yt1{r'tun'tr n! rfrrurhdrosig !! dur rsq............. !

s) drufior'rrirrar:tdsefrunr:oqindvrftrsrnrrruilrrJ:srrsu,frrfludo.:fl:runishi !

t)'irrflu

z) hi'ilrrflu

e) nrddriruldiudrear:ludrududariruft narrufdn o dr.r 1:rfi ua riu nrrorgind

yrilrsrn:yruil.rlun{rhurowiru I

t) hirnuauln

z) aulorf,irudu

s) osrnnl'lilrfrriaudar


rodunr Xdl Rmflu?R/t14

noild nnr:iidaui?ils,o{til?rJ:silsdufiulunrioUYndnYr{urnrsrs,fl.r flu:au rflfieiruurlfionrrruntriiriauderu 'hirns u't{nt{ uount{ lnn:.t

l) rirurnsdauilq ndhurumunrulnr{nr:rlq n{hmfo

rirnr:ilqnro.r

z) viru r{rhjl #rJ: s Isrrilu dudil.r".toruurui, Arhlrdo hJ rnrdru,a$rr d.r rio a$rur io r4 ru r fl,r

s) drumsoo niaqqrJn:oiluln:{nrrilq nilrurumu

+) rirurnsdarurfl u nr:runr:luTn:r n:rJq ndhvrumu

s) rirurnuu{'qeiorfrrnrlrdrdofi frn:vr4rnrufsqo{ndudil'rro,uu

o) rirurn sdrurlwqrulu nr:rJ:vqrur:ôrTn:rnr:ilq n

{hsrsrnu

z) drurn sf,udnirirloif, l#:srfi or,rfo srfio

a ) 1 u da.r q q a r { 1 d { o { dn {rirri ru fr.r o o n 1 d r{ r rJ rv u.r

uir:sytsil.r

g)rruaoviruo'uAnirirdhildrurnnf ofi,ro$luioeiou,

riruilfissn'{n{myrn

r o) viruldl{riaruuaornarun^nuiulu nrril:vquror

aru rn rurJ :sru{ du dr ufl nq rfi

r r) riruldr{rdrrurfl un::ilR'rmro{rdurnrurhyru.rdu

rlruflosrrfi

t z) riru rn udau:arxr{nf ode uil:s srfirl fru f,l#yrr:J rvur dudru{ r nr: il: su.rd g nif;

t r) riruuff.rsiorflrrarlrdrdoii nr:r4rrjrrurdfi u

nailil1r,

ta) rirurnua$r.rd.ulqna$rtuimar yrumrn

ts)rirurnudaruooniaolrnaorhfisruvuinarrrunrsr

te) rirurnsdarufnueurdour?rulu nr:insrnrril

evornuirarurrurln


rigtfi n?nsra"s u ur?nstds il f; oa rn.ru. lmnlulailnr:u3ur:drursrdon) / I 1s

fion::runrrfiriaudaru 'hirnu U'l{nt'l uogn:il lRnr{tz) rirurnsd?ilrilr{e{ilfodaruilrvvTrurfi'ufh?inur

n ? 1il dv o't9 uitrar n uurpr

ts) drufin


ro6ln:1# nmnu?R/ll6

noild s flrgurqrlai:nuauclotduouuv.uoirmrJ:cu{durlrulunrrorlYndvrYyre,rnrnloflo

t) virudndrlufltqrTufltymrunvqila::nlunr:quafnsrilrrrnrnu fiqidr uasrrsnrqlu

n qjr1ru ro.rviru ldurio s 1:rhr

z) virufiE?oieuottuslunr:qunfnurillnsrnu ds'ddl uasrtsm'rolunqjriruro.rdruodr.r'l:


u-arfi srlned'a u rnrinsrds ufi oa an.ru. lmnluladnrruSfirrdqu:odoil) / l rz

R'tn?,tu?R 1,.

rJ :y fr n fr n rn u o.ruuil drJ n1u $f

n'rrr{rrirn?lilr,1n.i1r, rirdruro'f ruun unvri'rnarrurfisriuzuo.uruuian?ilfvA

1'011I

n?'tilu'rR{'tu rirriruro,illrun flil'run4E

I

2

3

4

)

6

7

8

9

l0

1l

12

13

t4

15

t6

t7

l8

19

20

0.83

0.93

0.83

0.93

0.8s

0.83

0.85

0.83

0.80

0.93

0.9s

0.93

0.93

0.93

0.85

0.83

0.93

0.93

0.85

0.83

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.1

0.3

0.3

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.2

0.3

0.1

0.2

0.3

0.t

0.2

0.1

0.3

nrrirnrur6ru

rJiurirorrulnil

nrrirnurdu

ntrirnrur6ru

rJiudrnrrulnil

:Jilnirnruluri

ntritntrutoû

ntr{tntutn^ru

ntr{rnrrlrdu

n{r{rnrurdu

nrrirnrurfiru

nrrirnrrur6'ru

mrirnrrurfiru

rJiurirnrrulrri

nqdrnrut6il

nlritottttgt'u

nrdrnrrurdu

rJiurirnruluri

nrdrnrrur6rurA&r-

nln?1ill50tJUlYl1RU : 0.6507


ndlnr 1d?

Source of Variation

Main gffectsEDIJ'REST.\TUSRENEWREElREME}IEERREIIICOI.{]i .

TME (Covar)AGE (Covar)

Z-way fateractioasEDU RESIATUSEDU RENEW, EDU REK1EDU RE4EMBESEDU REINCOHERESTATUS RE}IE'9fRESTATUS REK1REST.CTUS REMEMBERRE5TATUS REINCOME

.RENEW NEK1 .

RETEW REME}IBERRENEW REI}TCOI{EREK1 RB,TB{BERREK1 REINCOI,IERET{EMBER REINCOME

Erplained

aesj.duaJ.

Tota].

sigF of F

1.984 -0268.116 .0051-057 . .3051.097 .33s.559 .372.9t4 .402

1.905 .1515.316 .022.351 .549

1-3?3 -100.740 -390.8L2 .q43

1.181 .3091.516 .20L6.755 .001'.0?5 .928.881 .415.90s - 40c

1.081 .341.348 .845.L27 .973.955 .433.863 .486

1-969 .099.320 .72L

L.472 -026

nmHu,lR/ll8

R'|nflil?R n.

ildo{ff an r 5em fl s#n 1 :eYuu:J : (aNova)

i" ANAL?Sf S OF V.1 P. ISNCE."'

TOTAtSUMby EDU

RESTATUSREI.IEW

. REK1REMEUBERRgINCOHE

urlt"h TIMEAGE

HIERAPCEICAL suns of squares' Covariates entered WITII rnain eff,ects

sllln ofSguares

1968.1206?1.046s7-365'181.4i692.428

151.2033L5.2q4439.53829.821

. 4C8d -1906L-208

134.293L95.273. 267.225

, 1117.07512.356

149.718150.19617 I .751LL5.25L

4 1. 901315.8772 8 5.518651.055172.066

6452.3LL

22dL9.753

29272.064

MeanSguare

154.01067 t.04687.36590.73846.2r475.601

157.522r139.53829.82L

roe:37061,20 867.t46-97.636

133.613558 .537

5. 17872.85975-098I 9.37528.813,10.47578.9697L.379

L62.164'43.017

L2L.7 42

82.680

88.973

L2'1

1

22zI1

411

z2.

222

-21

24

4

{4

4

4

53

?76

329


rYorfi n?nsrdg r rfi nstdauf, na

Covarlate P.awRegressionCoefficient

TrME -1?3AGE -.053

330 cases lrer€ processed.0 casei (.0 pct) were nissinq.

rn.r. 6nnluladnr:u3ur:tu'radon) I r rs


ron'ln: trd!

cLissrFICxr

nlnetu?n/120

iON ALTSf S

udet{Han'r:Tmfl ufin'rriiluiln?ru crvtcl)

HULTTPLE

TOTALSUMb:r EDU

RSSTATUSRElIEulP.EK1

REMEI{BEFP.ETI\iCOME

r{ith ?IME.qGE

t3rand Mean = L4.45

lr'eriabla + Category

5DU0-I

RESTATUS0II

P.E}IEW

I2?

E F'11

L23

f,EI-IEMBEF.123

P.gxucoME!.

Adjusted forIndependentsDevrn Eeta

t.28-1.36

.14

.10-1. 11' .04

.62

.19-L.28

, .08

.3,1

.15-.62

-04

-1.73-.02

.76.08

.90

Adjusted forIndependents+ Covariales

,Dev tn Beta

L-23-L.32

.1.4

.03-.30

.01

.661't

-L.27

1rl

.1.7-.50

.03

-1.73.L2<t

.96

..J E

}I

170160

in?27

UnadjustedDevtn Eta

1.38-L.47

.1.5

.19-?.73' .07

.64.,1

. UU

.82

.2S-1 1n

.08

-1.70.13.48

.07

1.03.90

108t41

75

63187

80

.13' 185' 102

33LJ!

.08


riorfi ninsrds u rrinsrds$ f; aa

!'lULTIPLE

T')TALSIJI,Ib:'r EEIU

F,EST,ITU5P.EI.IEI{REKlKllJ'l!.Ellll3&r'(

. F.EIIICO}4E...dth TII,IE

ncE

Grend ttegn o 1C-46

'./.1riab.l-e + Category3

l,lultiple R 59t1s366MuItiplE P.

?il.il. (mflIilIadnr:u?m:d.ru:qdoil) / l2r

CtJ.1'SSIfICATIOt'f SIIAIJTSIS *ii

N10s

Unadi ustedD€v'n Eta-1. or

.L2

Adjusted forfndepandentsDev'n 6ela-1,q6

.11

.05111d

.\Cjusted forfndependantss+ CovaristegDev'n Eeta-l ?l

.10

.067rqa


roirnr: 1d?

nlnruil?n {.

1) flf,.dnn1ind morun

noryflqrandoiluasilYfl CIln:crafl f ilur6ilurf,silfi oa4v e A9 4a

2) O101rodruus qnililr?14't5

n ru s fi r ua o do u | [n vil ffl [J't n : fl dq f u fl .riil u r fiu il mô n

t) pr:.rf,gtu vriTnn

naryfi{uas6'silunyiliilurn:graof ilurir srfrsrufiern

+) ara.n:.'iraos oqarrfiaorid

nru vfiqmofrouuavnf,nurn: graof rmr?m0rn'0ufi qa

s):a.fontg uuraiaoc

nar yilrsrur uuriilurfrsrnu n:grafl f6) rf,.flunur o{qr

nu vil:yu.r ilnrifl srdsrnu n: greCI f7) flf,.oi.uuvr?vrd ortduu

nar vil:yrur ililr?vr urdsrns qr granf

a) ororrdirsn.rd dal6

nar vil:srJ,r uilr?fl srfrotng nrgranfg) nrs.srr.rJrvfrnd strufi ilse:rfl

nar silrsur tnrinsrdsrnuo:araof

to) n:.oinrdrfirrfiqar

nusilrsur tmrinurdsrnsn:greof

1 t) or.gosd rn.rdildisni

nrruilrsrr Rrynr?,ittRugrrtny?ft{Rralnrrrnusr:

tz) ursfrmsrf riowrfirnrruilryrus Rruyrr?irtRgfitttascfr.t Rtafnrlnunr

t3) uluqnil rJrfiosrai

n:ruilrsrur Rruvrt?irrRU grrttnvGrilRtoinr'on",

n1F$UXnll22

t,udo{rfi ua mrgfi rJ :rrfi urual#:sdun yuuulumn fi nmay,l r s


flarfi sr?nsra's u rn?nstflst fi na

t+) or:.rirfru ariarqd

nrililrsil{ nrvmr?{tRsstlrnyd?rRininr:rnufl:

ls) ilrsgnisrrf Inruarnnd

n:ilil:silr Rrsvrt?luRUoiunsd?tRrofnrrrnun:

te) s.sr:.rdl uruf,nd illusrf,?cl

nilvinurqraerf qwrnsn:afirrimurfiu

I 7) : fl .a r.dil rn'sr 6 fl ur?er'a: qn

narrinsrcraerf qvnn-rn:nfuilriyrsrds

I 8) rfl.orlnrfirdnfi" or: uyrf,uf

naryiilsrsranf qwrnrnrnfilurivrorfis

lg)uluroun lanar

nruyimuraraorf qwrn.rn:niililrivr urfiu

20)u1soqn1il n'tu'sfln

nilcirsrsraerf qwra.rnroiiluriilsrii'rl

?n.il. (mnlula8nuuSur:€l.rmodot; I rzt


rndu:nr 1di ntnnu?fll124

nlnflil?R 0.

A4,d<rn50,{tilol|rsil{ilil n'tfl#luuSreardrarlstn rfi

2t1r.ZgPEl?z+Z

20 l85N PA Ho$lool .45@ 20

F70{ r-70-tOD7oeLg{O,469E

l-5so-t-_5€o_l

oo

n1fld 4 dnuorcuoro?unou:Jn1


riufi nin g ra's ufirin grdu sf; aa u.u. lmnlulailnr:u?rn:ilqurodoil) / 125

rE25Od./l,6Om 2x2Z .oorEo,lzra

2rJT.9lFEgtlzrz

P\2lOrJ,/4 lHhllet 6

tA2lod./Z (wlrit,e) SO

t[?lod/4 (h1rl,rel 5

E - 0.64

E - 0.47

E - o.58

e - 9.j9

l-. t7o lso

-J

a0r'Lo38t-2O, Lrtgt

t- 2to -l

da9,R1ll1t 5 n RgOl3lO.:O?ilnOUfi{ Copyright by Mahidol University

AAnau1rs Iflt n1flnu2n/126

zr40 . ooFE.o2 .su+Z E . O.42

tA lttto 00.!t@

I.8+t- t6o

-lFAt|oNOl.o. l31 2

FA}{jNOiO . J lxZ

4ao

-{

ll2rblog

lton€ 5 lg

b- PA2rod,,.e_I2

N(x);:

^+^^+ aa+-1 -+

4

n1ild 6 dnuorsroso?ilaos{ Copyright by Mahidol University

riorfi ninsras il ilriilura's u f, aa rn.u. (rnnlulailnr:u3rn:ilsuandol) I tzz

6a Mr{ E rr} arunrn nrurir.rrrwrir nrnjr:u.r

o2un1nn1uri1{t

:oo;9

n1ild 7 dnusvlloso?r.rn'lRnrud't{


R'nflu2n/l28rof,un: 116

$@

loI

tfrUY?-

,-_, T(.)..*J loort:,---'.80

+=LIT'E

nltrd e dnuar sro.rujsrfio Copyright by Mahidol University

rn.n. (mnluladnrru?nr:irua a{aa'1 t neu-gtfi ninarfiu u m?nura"silfi oa

qy-lunr|luulnu

dqCRllllr 9 nRUfl gfl O.illj9tl?

o

r,","I

1

IO

/s/\\L-ub,

ilt||l"lu

*16-I"

r?arjr:u.r ua Jdinfl 'turiT du


ndunr 1di Rlnr{u?fll130

'cocoNuTtO-lll,cn

nrild to f,nuusto.to?uquuulntdnCopyright by Mahidol University

u-nrfi nlnards u urinsrdau fi na zn.u. (mnluladnr:utrn:tuandog I rsr

riorl:s!{dildruriorJrsl.rwrnjyd

n m d 1 1 a'n s il s il o r tf o il : v u t u ro?vdu n s rf o :J : v u.r du rh uCopyright by Mahidol University

ron^runr Xdi tjru?grf{?lru / 132

I qa9lau

lJry?etfl?0u

u1{rd'r?rsaililr gfli

s i'uernru il.ff.2513

fiimiEr usnr il:strslils9 -t

ifl grsran:rinrfi n (urrsrdu.rf,o{dr)

il il rin urn'urn u or : or aorf, n.?t.2532-2s3 G

ifl ursrafl :rmrriatqr'n (rvrnlulndnr:uiur:fisuasrdoru)

run rin grdsil m'o n,fl . d.2 s 4o-2s43

inurdstnsn:uavtnnlulntaqn fi.rraioraqn

oror:d t :vdu +

A:tro

s A dta?u taoil iltRo

Jodo'luiltRa

rl:si6nr:dnsr

au'''udr{'ro'ru

druuri.r


Documents

mulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.thmulinet11.li.mahidol.ac.th/e-thesis/scan/4036807.pdfuflonn?ilora0 uill?nola0uuoa inurfinu$r o 4036807 ENI}IIA4 : IvIAIOR: IECHNOIOGY OF ENVIRONMENTAL TVIANAGEMENT